[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163388},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method":3,"nav-reference":1534},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1527,"extension":1528,"meta":1529,"navigation":129,"path":1530,"seo":1531,"stem":1532,"__hash__":1533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1502},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,32,50,55,177,180,187,192,206,219,223,244,247,265,268,348,351,377,381,384,392,398,403,406,420,426,429,453,456,464,468,471,581,583,618,621,652,661,664,668,676,680,688,690,782,785,800,808,813,818,820,911,914,926,928,943,951,959,961,1044,1047,1092,1095,1103,1106,1110,1115,1159,1162,1184,1191,1194,1281,1285,1293,1296,1305,1313,1320,1323,1325,1419,1421,1445,1449,1452,1456,1486,1498],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"symmetric_difference()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,27,28],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,30,31],{},"Use it when:",[33,34,35,39,47],"ul",{},[36,37,38],"li",{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,40,41,42,46],{},"you do ",[43,44,45],"strong",{},"not"," want items that appear in both sets",[36,48,49],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[56,57,62],"pre",{"className":58,"code":59,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n","python","",[15,63,64,99,124,131,158],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66,69,73,77,81,85,88,91,93,96],"span",{"class":67,"line":68},"line",1,[65,70,72],{"class":71},"su5hD","a ",[65,74,76],{"class":75},"smGrS","=",[65,78,80],{"class":79},"sP7_E"," {",[65,82,84],{"class":83},"srdBf","1",[65,86,87],{"class":79},",",[65,89,90],{"class":83}," 2",[65,92,87],{"class":79},[65,94,95],{"class":83}," 3",[65,97,98],{"class":79},"}\n",[65,100,102,105,107,109,112,114,117,119,122],{"class":67,"line":101},2,[65,103,104],{"class":71},"b ",[65,106,76],{"class":75},[65,108,80],{"class":79},[65,110,111],{"class":83},"3",[65,113,87],{"class":79},[65,115,116],{"class":83}," 4",[65,118,87],{"class":79},[65,120,121],{"class":83}," 5",[65,123,98],{"class":79},[65,125,127],{"class":67,"line":126},3,[65,128,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},true,"\n",[65,132,134,137,139,142,145,149,152,155],{"class":67,"line":133},4,[65,135,136],{"class":71},"result ",[65,138,76],{"class":75},[65,140,141],{"class":71}," a",[65,143,144],{"class":79},".",[65,146,148],{"class":147},"slqww","symmetric_difference",[65,150,151],{"class":79},"(",[65,153,154],{"class":147},"b",[65,156,157],{"class":79},")\n",[65,159,161,165,167,170,173],{"class":67,"line":160},5,[65,162,164],{"class":163},"sptTA","print",[65,166,151],{"class":79},[65,168,169],{"class":147},"result",[65,171,172],{"class":79},")",[65,174,176],{"class":175},"sutJx","  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,178,179],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[51,181,183,184,186],{"id":182},"what-symmetric_difference-does","What ",[15,185,17],{}," does",[20,188,189,191],{},[15,190,24],{},":",[33,193,194,197,200,203],{},[36,195,196],{},"returns a new set",[36,198,199],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,201,202],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,204,205],{},"does not change the original set",[20,207,208,209,214,215,144],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[210,211,213],"a",{"href":212},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained"," or ",[210,216,218],{"href":217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","creating a set in Python",[51,220,222],{"id":221},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[56,224,226],{"className":58,"code":225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,227,228],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,229,230,233,235,237,239,242],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,231,232],{"class":71},"set1",[65,234,144],{"class":79},[65,236,148],{"class":147},[65,238,151],{"class":79},[65,240,241],{"class":147},"set2",[65,243,157],{"class":79},[20,245,246],{},"Notes:",[33,248,249,254,259,262],{},[36,250,251,253],{},[15,252,232],{}," must be a set",[36,255,256,258],{},[15,257,241],{}," can be any iterable",[36,260,261],{},"the result is always a set",[36,263,264],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,266,267],{},"Example:",[56,269,271],{"className":58,"code":270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,272,273,294,315,319,338],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,274,275,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,276,277],{"class":71},"set1 ",[65,279,76],{"class":75},[65,281,80],{"class":79},[65,283,84],{"class":83},[65,285,87],{"class":79},[65,287,90],{"class":83},[65,289,87],{"class":79},[65,291,95],{"class":83},[65,293,98],{"class":79},[65,295,296,299,301,303,305,307,309,311,313],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,297,298],{"class":71},"set2 ",[65,300,76],{"class":75},[65,302,80],{"class":79},[65,304,111],{"class":83},[65,306,87],{"class":79},[65,308,116],{"class":83},[65,310,87],{"class":79},[65,312,121],{"class":83},[65,314,98],{"class":79},[65,316,317],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,318,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,320,321,323,325,328,330,332,334,336],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,322,136],{"class":71},[65,324,76],{"class":75},[65,326,327],{"class":71}," set1",[65,329,144],{"class":79},[65,331,148],{"class":147},[65,333,151],{"class":79},[65,335,241],{"class":147},[65,337,157],{"class":79},[65,339,340,342,344,346],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,341,164],{"class":163},[65,343,151],{"class":79},[65,345,169],{"class":147},[65,347,157],{"class":79},[20,349,350],{},"Output:",[56,352,354],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,355,356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,357,358,361,363,365,367,369,371,373,375],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,359,360],{"class":79},"{",[65,362,84],{"class":83},[65,364,87],{"class":79},[65,366,90],{"class":83},[65,368,87],{"class":79},[65,370,116],{"class":83},[65,372,87],{"class":79},[65,374,121],{"class":83},[65,376,98],{"class":79},[51,378,380],{"id":379},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,382,383],{},"The result includes:",[33,385,386,389],{},[36,387,388],{},"items only in the first set",[36,390,391],{},"items only in the second set",[20,393,394,395,397],{},"The result does ",[43,396,45],{}," include:",[33,399,400],{},[36,401,402],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,404,405],{},"For example:",[33,407,408,414],{},[36,409,410,411],{},"first set: ",[15,412,413],{},"{1, 2, 3}",[36,415,416,417],{},"second set: ",[15,418,419],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,421,422,423,425],{},"The value ",[15,424,111],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,427,428],{},"The output is:",[56,430,431],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,432,433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,434,435,437,439,441,443,445,447,449,451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,436,360],{"class":79},[65,438,84],{"class":83},[65,440,87],{"class":79},[65,442,90],{"class":83},[65,444,87],{"class":79},[65,446,116],{"class":83},[65,448,87],{"class":79},[65,450,121],{"class":83},[65,452,98],{"class":79},[20,454,455],{},"Also remember:",[33,457,458,461],{},[36,459,460],{},"sets are unordered",[36,462,463],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[51,465,467],{"id":466},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,469,470],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[56,472,474],{"className":58,"code":473,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,475,476,516,542,546,566,570],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,477,478,481,483,485,489,493,495,497,500,503,505,507,509,512,514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,479,480],{"class":71},"colors1 ",[65,482,76],{"class":75},[65,484,80],{"class":79},[65,486,488],{"class":487},"sjJ54","\"",[65,490,492],{"class":491},"s_sjI","red",[65,494,488],{"class":487},[65,496,87],{"class":79},[65,498,499],{"class":487}," \"",[65,501,502],{"class":491},"blue",[65,504,488],{"class":487},[65,506,87],{"class":79},[65,508,499],{"class":487},[65,510,511],{"class":491},"green",[65,513,488],{"class":487},[65,515,98],{"class":79},[65,517,518,521,523,525,527,529,531,533,535,538,540],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,519,520],{"class":71},"colors2 ",[65,522,76],{"class":75},[65,524,80],{"class":79},[65,526,488],{"class":487},[65,528,511],{"class":491},[65,530,488],{"class":487},[65,532,87],{"class":79},[65,534,499],{"class":487},[65,536,537],{"class":491},"yellow",[65,539,488],{"class":487},[65,541,98],{"class":79},[65,543,544],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,545,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,547,548,550,552,555,557,559,561,564],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,549,136],{"class":71},[65,551,76],{"class":75},[65,553,554],{"class":71}," colors1",[65,556,144],{"class":79},[65,558,148],{"class":147},[65,560,151],{"class":79},[65,562,563],{"class":147},"colors2",[65,565,157],{"class":79},[65,567,568],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,569,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,571,573,575,577,579],{"class":67,"line":572},6,[65,574,164],{"class":163},[65,576,151],{"class":79},[65,578,169],{"class":147},[65,580,157],{"class":79},[20,582,350],{},[56,584,586],{"className":58,"code":585,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,587,588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,589,590,592,595,597,599,601,604,606,608,610,612,614,616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,591,360],{"class":79},[65,593,594],{"class":487},"'",[65,596,492],{"class":491},[65,598,594],{"class":487},[65,600,87],{"class":79},[65,602,603],{"class":487}," '",[65,605,502],{"class":491},[65,607,594],{"class":487},[65,609,87],{"class":79},[65,611,603],{"class":487},[65,613,537],{"class":491},[65,615,594],{"class":487},[65,617,98],{"class":79},[20,619,620],{},"What happened here:",[33,622,623,629,643],{},[36,624,625,628],{},[15,626,627],{},"\"green\""," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,630,631,634,635,638,639,642],{},[15,632,633],{},"\"red\""," and ",[15,636,637],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,640,641],{},"colors1",", so they stay",[36,644,645,648,649,651],{},[15,646,647],{},"\"yellow\""," is only in ",[15,650,563],{},", so it stays",[51,653,655,657,658],{"id":654},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,656,17],{}," vs ",[15,659,660],{},"difference()",[20,662,663],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,665,666,191],{},[15,667,660],{},[33,669,670,673],{},[36,671,672],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,674,675],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,677,678,191],{},[15,679,17],{},[33,681,682,685],{},[36,683,684],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,686,687],{},"removes shared items",[20,689,267],{},[56,691,693],{"className":58,"code":692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,694,695,715,735,739,762],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,696,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711,713],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,698,72],{"class":71},[65,700,76],{"class":75},[65,702,80],{"class":79},[65,704,84],{"class":83},[65,706,87],{"class":79},[65,708,90],{"class":83},[65,710,87],{"class":79},[65,712,95],{"class":83},[65,714,98],{"class":79},[65,716,717,719,721,723,725,727,729,731,733],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,718,104],{"class":71},[65,720,76],{"class":75},[65,722,80],{"class":79},[65,724,111],{"class":83},[65,726,87],{"class":79},[65,728,116],{"class":83},[65,730,87],{"class":79},[65,732,121],{"class":83},[65,734,98],{"class":79},[65,736,737],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,738,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,740,741,743,745,747,749,752,754,756,759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,742,164],{"class":163},[65,744,151],{"class":79},[65,746,210],{"class":147},[65,748,144],{"class":79},[65,750,751],{"class":147},"difference",[65,753,151],{"class":79},[65,755,154],{"class":147},[65,757,758],{"class":79},"))",[65,760,761],{"class":175},"            # {1, 2}\n",[65,763,764,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,765,164],{"class":163},[65,767,151],{"class":79},[65,769,210],{"class":147},[65,771,144],{"class":79},[65,773,148],{"class":147},[65,775,151],{"class":79},[65,777,154],{"class":147},[65,779,758],{"class":79},[65,781,176],{"class":175},[20,783,784],{},"Use:",[33,786,787,795],{},[36,788,789,794],{},[210,790,792],{"href":791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",[15,793,660],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,796,797,799],{},[15,798,17],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[51,801,803,657,805],{"id":802},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,804,17],{},[15,806,807],{},"union()",[20,809,810,812],{},[15,811,807],{}," combines both sets.",[20,814,815,817],{},[15,816,17],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,819,267],{},[56,821,823],{"className":58,"code":822,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,824,825,845,865,869,891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,826,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841,843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,828,72],{"class":71},[65,830,76],{"class":75},[65,832,80],{"class":79},[65,834,84],{"class":83},[65,836,87],{"class":79},[65,838,90],{"class":83},[65,840,87],{"class":79},[65,842,95],{"class":83},[65,844,98],{"class":79},[65,846,847,849,851,853,855,857,859,861,863],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,848,104],{"class":71},[65,850,76],{"class":75},[65,852,80],{"class":79},[65,854,111],{"class":83},[65,856,87],{"class":79},[65,858,116],{"class":83},[65,860,87],{"class":79},[65,862,121],{"class":83},[65,864,98],{"class":79},[65,866,867],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,868,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,870,871,873,875,877,879,882,884,886,888],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,872,164],{"class":163},[65,874,151],{"class":79},[65,876,210],{"class":147},[65,878,144],{"class":79},[65,880,881],{"class":147},"union",[65,883,151],{"class":79},[65,885,154],{"class":147},[65,887,758],{"class":79},[65,889,890],{"class":175},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[65,892,893,895,897,899,901,903,905,907,909],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,894,164],{"class":163},[65,896,151],{"class":79},[65,898,210],{"class":147},[65,900,144],{"class":79},[65,902,148],{"class":147},[65,904,151],{"class":79},[65,906,154],{"class":147},[65,908,758],{"class":79},[65,910,176],{"class":175},[20,912,913],{},"Difference:",[33,915,916,921],{},[36,917,918,920],{},[15,919,807],{}," includes everything",[36,922,923,925],{},[15,924,17],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,927,784],{},[33,929,930,938],{},[36,931,932,937],{},[210,933,935],{"href":934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,936,807],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,939,940,942],{},[15,941,17],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[51,944,946,947,950],{"id":945},"using-the-operator","Using the ",[15,948,949],{},"^"," operator",[20,952,953,954,956,957,144],{},"For sets, the ",[15,955,949],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,958,17],{},[20,960,267],{},[56,962,964],{"className":58,"code":963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,965,966,986,1006,1010,1029],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,967,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982,984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,969,277],{"class":71},[65,971,76],{"class":75},[65,973,80],{"class":79},[65,975,84],{"class":83},[65,977,87],{"class":79},[65,979,90],{"class":83},[65,981,87],{"class":79},[65,983,95],{"class":83},[65,985,98],{"class":79},[65,987,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,989,298],{"class":71},[65,991,76],{"class":75},[65,993,80],{"class":79},[65,995,111],{"class":83},[65,997,87],{"class":79},[65,999,116],{"class":83},[65,1001,87],{"class":79},[65,1003,121],{"class":83},[65,1005,98],{"class":79},[65,1007,1008],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1009,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,1011,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1013,164],{"class":163},[65,1015,151],{"class":79},[65,1017,232],{"class":147},[65,1019,144],{"class":79},[65,1021,148],{"class":147},[65,1023,151],{"class":79},[65,1025,241],{"class":147},[65,1027,1028],{"class":79},"))\n",[65,1030,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1042],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,1032,164],{"class":163},[65,1034,151],{"class":79},[65,1036,277],{"class":147},[65,1038,949],{"class":75},[65,1040,1041],{"class":147}," set2",[65,1043,157],{"class":79},[20,1045,1046],{},"Possible output:",[56,1048,1050],{"className":58,"code":1049,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,1051,1052,1072],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1053,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1055,360],{"class":79},[65,1057,84],{"class":83},[65,1059,87],{"class":79},[65,1061,90],{"class":83},[65,1063,87],{"class":79},[65,1065,116],{"class":83},[65,1067,87],{"class":79},[65,1069,121],{"class":83},[65,1071,98],{"class":79},[65,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1075,360],{"class":79},[65,1077,84],{"class":83},[65,1079,87],{"class":79},[65,1081,90],{"class":83},[65,1083,87],{"class":79},[65,1085,116],{"class":83},[65,1087,87],{"class":79},[65,1089,121],{"class":83},[65,1091,98],{"class":79},[20,1093,1094],{},"Both forms:",[33,1096,1097,1100],{},[36,1098,1099],{},"return a new set",[36,1101,1102],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,1104,1105],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[51,1107,1109],{"id":1108},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1111,1112,1113,191],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,1114,17],{},[33,1116,1117,1126,1136,1151],{},[36,1118,1119,1122,1125],{},[43,1120,1121],{},"Expecting sorted output",[1123,1124],"br",{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,1127,1128,1131,1133,1135],{},[43,1129,1130],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[1123,1132],{},[15,1134,17],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,1137,1138,1143,1145,1147,1148,1150],{},[43,1139,1140,1141],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,1142,660],{},[1123,1144],{},[15,1146,660],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,1149,17],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,1152,1153,1156,1158],{},[43,1154,1155],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[1123,1157],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,1160,1161],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,1163,1164,1175,1178,1181],{},[36,1165,1166,1167,1169,1170,1174],{},"using ",[15,1168,17],{}," when ",[210,1171,1172],{"href":934},[15,1173,807],{}," is actually needed",[36,1176,1177],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,1179,1180],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,1182,1183],{},"being confused by output order",[20,1185,1186,1187,144],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[210,1188,1190],{"href":1189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[20,1192,1193],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[56,1195,1197],{"className":58,"code":1196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,1198,1199,1209,1219,1237,1251,1267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1202,164],{"class":163},[65,1204,151],{"class":79},[65,1206,232],{"class":147},[65,1208,157],{"class":79},[65,1210,1211,1213,1215,1217],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1212,164],{"class":163},[65,1214,151],{"class":79},[65,1216,241],{"class":147},[65,1218,157],{"class":79},[65,1220,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1222,164],{"class":163},[65,1224,151],{"class":79},[65,1226,232],{"class":147},[65,1228,144],{"class":79},[65,1230,148],{"class":147},[65,1232,151],{"class":79},[65,1234,241],{"class":147},[65,1236,1028],{"class":79},[65,1238,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1240,164],{"class":163},[65,1242,151],{"class":79},[65,1244,277],{"class":147},[65,1246,949],{"class":75},[65,1248,1041],{"class":147},[65,1250,157],{"class":79},[65,1252,1253,1255,1257,1261,1263,1265],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,1254,164],{"class":163},[65,1256,151],{"class":79},[65,1258,1260],{"class":1259},"sZMiF","type",[65,1262,151],{"class":79},[65,1264,232],{"class":147},[65,1266,1028],{"class":79},[65,1268,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,1270,164],{"class":163},[65,1272,151],{"class":79},[65,1274,1260],{"class":1259},[65,1276,151],{"class":79},[65,1278,241],{"class":147},[65,1280,1028],{"class":79},[51,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"faq","FAQ",[1286,1287,1289,1290,1292],"h3",{"id":1288},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set","Does ",[15,1291,17],{}," change the original set?",[20,1294,1295],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1286,1297,1299,1300,634,1302,1304],{"id":1298},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference","What is the difference between ",[15,1301,17],{},[15,1303,660],{},"?",[20,1306,1307,1309,1310,1312],{},[15,1308,660],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,1311,17],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1286,1314,1316,1317,1319],{"id":1315},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists","Can I use ",[15,1318,17],{}," with lists?",[20,1321,1322],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,1324,267],{},[56,1326,1328],{"className":58,"code":1327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,1329,1330,1353,1374,1378,1409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1331,1332,1335,1337,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1333,1334],{"class":71},"list1 ",[65,1336,76],{"class":75},[65,1338,1339],{"class":79}," [",[65,1341,84],{"class":83},[65,1343,87],{"class":79},[65,1345,90],{"class":83},[65,1347,87],{"class":79},[65,1349,95],{"class":83},[65,1351,1352],{"class":79},"]\n",[65,1354,1355,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1356,1357],{"class":71},"list2 ",[65,1359,76],{"class":75},[65,1361,1339],{"class":79},[65,1363,111],{"class":83},[65,1365,87],{"class":79},[65,1367,116],{"class":83},[65,1369,87],{"class":79},[65,1371,121],{"class":83},[65,1373,1352],{"class":79},[65,1375,1376],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1377,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,1379,1380,1382,1384,1387,1389,1392,1395,1397,1399,1402,1404,1407],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1381,136],{"class":71},[65,1383,76],{"class":75},[65,1385,1386],{"class":1259}," set",[65,1388,151],{"class":79},[65,1390,1391],{"class":147},"list1",[65,1393,1394],{"class":79},").",[65,1396,148],{"class":147},[65,1398,151],{"class":79},[65,1400,1401],{"class":1259},"set",[65,1403,151],{"class":79},[65,1405,1406],{"class":147},"list2",[65,1408,1028],{"class":79},[65,1410,1411,1413,1415,1417],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,1412,164],{"class":163},[65,1414,151],{"class":79},[65,1416,169],{"class":147},[65,1418,157],{"class":79},[20,1420,350],{},[56,1422,1423],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,1424,1425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1426,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1428,360],{"class":79},[65,1430,84],{"class":83},[65,1432,87],{"class":79},[65,1434,90],{"class":83},[65,1436,87],{"class":79},[65,1438,116],{"class":83},[65,1440,87],{"class":79},[65,1442,121],{"class":83},[65,1444,98],{"class":79},[1286,1446,1448],{"id":1447},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,1450,1451],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[51,1453,1455],{"id":1454},"see-also","See also",[33,1457,1458,1462,1467,1475,1481],{},[36,1459,1460],{},[210,1461,213],{"href":212},[36,1463,1464],{},[210,1465,1466],{"href":217},"Creating a set in Python",[36,1468,1469],{},[210,1470,1471,1472,1474],{"href":791},"Python set ",[15,1473,660],{}," method",[36,1476,1477],{},[210,1478,1471,1479,1474],{"href":934},[15,1480,807],{},[36,1482,1483],{},[210,1484,1485],{"href":1189},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[20,1487,1488,1489,1491,1492,1494,1495,1497],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,1490,660],{},", ",[15,1493,807],{},", and ",[15,1496,17],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1499,1500,1501],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":1503},[1504,1505,1507,1508,1509,1510,1512,1514,1516,1517,1526],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":182,"depth":101,"text":1506},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":379,"depth":101,"text":380},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":654,"depth":101,"text":1511},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":802,"depth":101,"text":1513},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":945,"depth":101,"text":1515},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":1518},[1519,1521,1523,1525],{"id":1288,"depth":126,"text":1520},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":1298,"depth":126,"text":1522},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":1315,"depth":126,"text":1524},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":1447,"depth":126,"text":1448},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":5,"description":1527},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",[1535,3135,4846,6544,8688,10886,12403,14578,16783,19241,21079,23644,25743,28023,29970,31881,33878,35318,37146,39671,41833,43062,44432,46080,48401,50244,52226,53920,55173,56865,58615,60587,62336,64436,65795,67746,69309,71300,73095,74995,77437,79515,82152,84181,86144,88332,90336,92649,94331,95776,96963,98141,99978,102410,104114,106128,107646,108891,110053,111306,113377,115274,117048,118914,121033,122773,124235,125829,127752,129429,131364,132853,135637,137214,138773,140801,142753,144216,145405,147291,148702,150398,151952,153374,154777,156675,159069,160900],{"id":1536,"title":1537,"body":1538,"description":3129,"extension":1528,"meta":3130,"navigation":129,"path":3131,"seo":3132,"stem":3133,"__hash__":3134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1539,"toc":3101},[1540,1543,1550,1553,1564,1567,1571,1636,1638,1658,1664,1668,1673,1676,1692,1695,1721,1724,1726,1729,1745,1748,1774,1776,1834,1836,1851,1861,1872,1876,1879,1933,1935,1955,1958,1982,1989,1993,1998,2004,2006,2043,2045,2054,2060,2078,2081,2093,2097,2102,2106,2109,2129,2131,2188,2190,2198,2201,2205,2237,2239,2247,2250,2254,2259,2307,2309,2317,2321,2380,2382,2390,2393,2397,2401,2404,2427,2436,2451,2502,2504,2519,2530,2534,2537,2566,2573,2577,2582,2623,2625,2636,2639,2682,2684,2692,2696,2701,2723,2725,2734,2743,2747,2752,2774,2776,2846,2848,2898,2901,2904,2907,2987,2989,3020,3022,3026,3029,3033,3036,3040,3043,3047,3059,3063,3066,3068,3098],[10,1541,1537],{"id":1542},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1544,1545,1546,1549],{},"The ",[15,1547,1548],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1551,1552],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,1554,1555,1558,1561],{},[36,1556,1557],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,1559,1560],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,1562,1563],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1565,1566],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[51,1568,1570],{"id":1569},"quick-example","Quick example",[56,1572,1574],{"className":58,"code":1573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1575,1576,1595,1610],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1577,1578,1580,1582,1585,1587,1590,1593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1579,164],{"class":163},[65,1581,151],{"class":79},[65,1583,1584],{"class":163},"abs",[65,1586,151],{"class":79},[65,1588,1589],{"class":75},"-",[65,1591,1592],{"class":83},"7",[65,1594,1028],{"class":79},[65,1596,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1608],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1598,164],{"class":163},[65,1600,151],{"class":79},[65,1602,1584],{"class":163},[65,1604,151],{"class":79},[65,1606,1607],{"class":83},"3.5",[65,1609,1028],{"class":79},[65,1611,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1625,1628,1630,1634],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1613,164],{"class":163},[65,1615,151],{"class":79},[65,1617,1584],{"class":163},[65,1619,151],{"class":79},[65,1621,1589],{"class":75},[65,1623,1624],{"class":83},"2",[65,1626,1627],{"class":75},"+",[65,1629,111],{"class":83},[65,1631,1633],{"class":1632},"sbsja","j",[65,1635,1028],{"class":79},[20,1637,350],{},[56,1639,1641],{"className":58,"code":1640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1642,1643,1648,1653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1644,1645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1646,1647],{"class":83},"7\n",[65,1649,1650],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1651,1652],{"class":83},"3.5\n",[65,1654,1655],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1656,1657],{"class":83},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1659,1660,1661,1663],{},"Use ",[15,1662,1548],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[51,1665,1667],{"id":1666},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1669,1670,1672],{},[15,1671,1548],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1674,1675],{},"That means:",[33,1677,1678,1681,1684],{},[36,1679,1680],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,1682,1683],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,1685,1686,1689,1690],{},[15,1687,1688],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1691,1688],{},[20,1693,1694],{},"Examples:",[33,1696,1697,1706,1714],{},[36,1698,1699,1702,1703],{},[15,1700,1701],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1704,1705],{},"5",[36,1707,1708,1702,1711],{},[15,1709,1710],{},"abs(9)",[15,1712,1713],{},"9",[36,1715,1716,1702,1719],{},[15,1717,1718],{},"abs(0)",[15,1720,1688],{},[20,1722,1723],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[51,1725,222],{"id":221},[20,1727,1728],{},"The syntax is:",[56,1730,1732],{"className":58,"code":1731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abs(x)\n",[15,1733,1734],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1735,1736,1738,1740,1743],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1737,1584],{"class":163},[65,1739,151],{"class":79},[65,1741,1742],{"class":147},"x",[65,1744,157],{"class":79},[20,1746,1747],{},"Here:",[33,1749,1750,1766,1771],{},[36,1751,1752,1754,1755,1491,1758,1761,1762,1765],{},[15,1753,1742],{}," is usually an ",[15,1756,1757],{},"int",[15,1759,1760],{},"float",", or ",[15,1763,1764],{},"complex"," number",[36,1767,1768,1770],{},[15,1769,1548],{}," returns a new value",[36,1772,1773],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1775,267],{},[56,1777,1779],{"className":58,"code":1778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1780,1781,1794,1810,1814,1824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1782,1783,1786,1788,1791],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1784,1785],{"class":71},"number ",[65,1787,76],{"class":75},[65,1789,1790],{"class":75}," -",[65,1792,1793],{"class":83},"12\n",[65,1795,1796,1798,1800,1803,1805,1808],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1797,136],{"class":71},[65,1799,76],{"class":75},[65,1801,1802],{"class":163}," abs",[65,1804,151],{"class":79},[65,1806,1807],{"class":147},"number",[65,1809,157],{"class":79},[65,1811,1812],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1813,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,1815,1816,1818,1820,1822],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1817,164],{"class":163},[65,1819,151],{"class":79},[65,1821,1807],{"class":147},[65,1823,157],{"class":79},[65,1825,1826,1828,1830,1832],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,1827,164],{"class":163},[65,1829,151],{"class":79},[65,1831,169],{"class":147},[65,1833,157],{"class":79},[20,1835,350],{},[56,1837,1839],{"className":58,"code":1838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-12\n12\n",[15,1840,1841,1847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1842,1843,1845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1844,1589],{"class":75},[65,1846,1793],{"class":83},[65,1848,1849],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1850,1793],{"class":83},[20,1852,1853,1854,1856,1857,1860],{},"Notice that ",[15,1855,1807],{}," is still ",[15,1858,1859],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1862,1863,1864,1871],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[210,1865,1867,1870],{"href":1866},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1868,1869],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[51,1873,1875],{"id":1874},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1877,1878],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[56,1880,1882],{"className":58,"code":1881,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1883,1884,1901,1916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1885,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1887,164],{"class":163},[65,1889,151],{"class":79},[65,1891,1584],{"class":163},[65,1893,151],{"class":79},[65,1895,1589],{"class":75},[65,1897,1898],{"class":83},"10",[65,1900,1028],{"class":79},[65,1902,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1914],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1904,164],{"class":163},[65,1906,151],{"class":79},[65,1908,1584],{"class":163},[65,1910,151],{"class":79},[65,1912,1913],{"class":83},"8",[65,1915,1028],{"class":79},[65,1917,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1931],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1919,164],{"class":163},[65,1921,151],{"class":79},[65,1923,1584],{"class":163},[65,1925,151],{"class":79},[65,1927,1589],{"class":75},[65,1929,1930],{"class":83},"4.2",[65,1932,1028],{"class":79},[20,1934,350],{},[56,1936,1938],{"className":58,"code":1937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1939,1940,1945,1950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1941,1942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1943,1944],{"class":83},"10\n",[65,1946,1947],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,1948,1949],{"class":83},"8\n",[65,1951,1952],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,1953,1954],{"class":83},"4.2\n",[20,1956,1957],{},"What each line does:",[33,1959,1960,1968,1975],{},[36,1961,1962,1965,1966],{},[15,1963,1964],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1967,1898],{},[36,1969,1970,1965,1973],{},[15,1971,1972],{},"abs(8)",[15,1974,1913],{},[36,1976,1977,1965,1980],{},[15,1978,1979],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1981,1930],{},[20,1983,1984,1985,144],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[210,1986,1988],{"href":1987},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[51,1990,1992],{"id":1991},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1994,1995,1997],{},[15,1996,1548],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1999,2000,2001,2003],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2002,1688],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2005,267],{},[56,2007,2009],{"className":58,"code":2008,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2010,2011,2028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2012,2013,2016,2018,2020,2023,2025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2014,2015],{"class":71},"value ",[65,2017,76],{"class":75},[65,2019,95],{"class":83},[65,2021,2022],{"class":75}," +",[65,2024,116],{"class":83},[65,2026,2027],{"class":1632},"j\n",[65,2029,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2041],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2031,164],{"class":163},[65,2033,151],{"class":79},[65,2035,1584],{"class":163},[65,2037,151],{"class":79},[65,2039,2040],{"class":147},"value",[65,2042,1028],{"class":79},[20,2044,350],{},[56,2046,2048],{"className":58,"code":2047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n",[15,2049,2050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2051,2052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2053,2047],{"class":83},[20,2055,2056,2057,1304],{},"Why ",[15,2058,2059],{},"5.0",[33,2061,2062,2067,2073],{},[36,2063,2064,2065],{},"the real part is ",[15,2066,111],{},[36,2068,2069,2070],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2071,2072],{},"4",[36,2074,2075,2076],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2077,2059],{},[20,2079,2080],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,2082,2083,2090],{},[36,2084,2085,2087,2088],{},[15,2086,1548],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2089,1760],{},[36,2091,2092],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[51,2094,2096],{"id":2095},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2098,2099,2100,144],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2101,1548],{},[1286,2103,2105],{"id":2104},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2107,2108],{},"A very common pattern is:",[56,2110,2112],{"className":58,"code":2111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2113,2114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2115,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2117,1584],{"class":163},[65,2119,151],{"class":79},[65,2121,72],{"class":147},[65,2123,1589],{"class":75},[65,2125,2126],{"class":147}," b",[65,2128,157],{"class":79},[20,2130,267],{},[56,2132,2134],{"className":58,"code":2133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2135,2136,2145,2154,2158,2177],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2137,2138,2140,2142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2139,72],{"class":71},[65,2141,76],{"class":75},[65,2143,2144],{"class":83}," 3\n",[65,2146,2147,2149,2151],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2148,104],{"class":71},[65,2150,76],{"class":75},[65,2152,2153],{"class":83}," 10\n",[65,2155,2156],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2157,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2159,2160,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2161,2162],{"class":71},"distance ",[65,2164,76],{"class":75},[65,2166,1802],{"class":163},[65,2168,151],{"class":79},[65,2170,72],{"class":147},[65,2172,1589],{"class":75},[65,2174,2126],{"class":147},[65,2176,157],{"class":79},[65,2178,2179,2181,2183,2186],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,2180,164],{"class":163},[65,2182,151],{"class":79},[65,2184,2185],{"class":147},"distance",[65,2187,157],{"class":79},[20,2189,350],{},[56,2191,2192],{"className":58,"code":1647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2193,2194],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2195,2196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2197,1647],{"class":83},[20,2199,2200],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1286,2202,2204],{"id":2203},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[56,2206,2208],{"className":58,"code":2207,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2209,2210,2222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2211,2212,2215,2217,2219],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2213,2214],{"class":71},"temperature_change ",[65,2216,76],{"class":75},[65,2218,1790],{"class":75},[65,2220,2221],{"class":83},"6\n",[65,2223,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232,2235],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2225,164],{"class":163},[65,2227,151],{"class":79},[65,2229,1584],{"class":163},[65,2231,151],{"class":79},[65,2233,2234],{"class":147},"temperature_change",[65,2236,1028],{"class":79},[20,2238,350],{},[56,2240,2241],{"className":58,"code":2221,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2242,2243],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2244,2245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2246,2221],{"class":83},[20,2248,2249],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1286,2251,2253],{"id":2252},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2255,2256,2257,1871],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2258,1548],{},[56,2260,2262],{"className":58,"code":2261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2263,2264,2276,2292,2296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2265,2266,2269,2271,2273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2267,2268],{"class":71},"balance_change ",[65,2270,76],{"class":75},[65,2272,1790],{"class":75},[65,2274,2275],{"class":83},"25\n",[65,2277,2278,2281,2283,2285,2287,2290],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2279,2280],{"class":71},"safe_value ",[65,2282,76],{"class":75},[65,2284,1802],{"class":163},[65,2286,151],{"class":79},[65,2288,2289],{"class":147},"balance_change",[65,2291,157],{"class":79},[65,2293,2294],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2295,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2297,2298,2300,2302,2305],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2299,164],{"class":163},[65,2301,151],{"class":79},[65,2303,2304],{"class":147},"safe_value",[65,2306,157],{"class":79},[20,2308,350],{},[56,2310,2311],{"className":58,"code":2275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2312,2313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2314,2315],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2316,2275],{"class":83},[1286,2318,2320],{"id":2319},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[56,2322,2324],{"className":58,"code":2323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2325,2326,2336,2346,2350,2370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2327,2328,2331,2333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2329,2330],{"class":71},"guess ",[65,2332,76],{"class":75},[65,2334,2335],{"class":83}," 42\n",[65,2337,2338,2341,2343],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2339,2340],{"class":71},"target ",[65,2342,76],{"class":75},[65,2344,2345],{"class":83}," 50\n",[65,2347,2348],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2349,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2351,2352,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2368],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2353,2354],{"class":71},"difference ",[65,2356,76],{"class":75},[65,2358,1802],{"class":163},[65,2360,151],{"class":79},[65,2362,2330],{"class":147},[65,2364,1589],{"class":75},[65,2366,2367],{"class":147}," target",[65,2369,157],{"class":79},[65,2371,2372,2374,2376,2378],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,2373,164],{"class":163},[65,2375,151],{"class":79},[65,2377,751],{"class":147},[65,2379,157],{"class":79},[20,2381,350],{},[56,2383,2384],{"className":58,"code":1949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2385,2386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2387,2388],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2389,1949],{"class":83},[20,2391,2392],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[51,2394,2396],{"id":2395},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1286,2398,2400],{"id":2399},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2402,2403],{},"This causes an error:",[56,2405,2407],{"className":58,"code":2406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2408,2409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2410,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2412,164],{"class":163},[65,2414,151],{"class":79},[65,2416,1584],{"class":163},[65,2418,151],{"class":79},[65,2420,488],{"class":487},[65,2422,1705],{"class":491},[65,2424,488],{"class":487},[65,2426,1028],{"class":79},[20,2428,2429,2432,2433,2435],{},[15,2430,2431],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2434,1548],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2437,2438,2439,214,2445,191],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[210,2440,2442],{"href":2441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2443,2444],{},"int()",[210,2446,2448],{"href":2447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2449,2450],{},"float()",[56,2452,2454],{"className":58,"code":2453,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2455,2456,2479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2457,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2459,164],{"class":163},[65,2461,151],{"class":79},[65,2463,1584],{"class":163},[65,2465,151],{"class":79},[65,2467,1757],{"class":1259},[65,2469,151],{"class":79},[65,2471,488],{"class":487},[65,2473,1705],{"class":491},[65,2475,488],{"class":487},[65,2477,2478],{"class":79},")))\n",[65,2480,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2498,2500],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2482,164],{"class":163},[65,2484,151],{"class":79},[65,2486,1584],{"class":163},[65,2488,151],{"class":79},[65,2490,1760],{"class":1259},[65,2492,151],{"class":79},[65,2494,488],{"class":487},[65,2496,2497],{"class":491},"-3.2",[65,2499,488],{"class":487},[65,2501,2478],{"class":79},[20,2503,350],{},[56,2505,2507],{"className":58,"code":2506,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2508,2509,2514],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2510,2511],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2512,2513],{"class":83},"5\n",[65,2515,2516],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2517,2518],{"class":83},"3.2\n",[20,2520,2521,2522,2525,2526,144],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2523,2524],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[210,2527,2529],{"href":2528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1286,2531,2533],{"id":2532},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2535,2536],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[56,2538,2540],{"className":58,"code":2539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2541,2542],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2543,2544,2546,2548,2550,2553,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2545,164],{"class":163},[65,2547,151],{"class":79},[65,2549,1584],{"class":163},[65,2551,2552],{"class":79},"([",[65,2554,84],{"class":83},[65,2556,87],{"class":79},[65,2558,90],{"class":83},[65,2560,87],{"class":79},[65,2562,95],{"class":83},[65,2564,2565],{"class":79},"]))\n",[20,2567,2568,2569,2572],{},"This raises a ",[15,2570,2571],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1286,2574,2576],{"id":2575},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2578,2579,2581],{},[15,2580,1548],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[56,2583,2585],{"className":58,"code":2584,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2586,2587,2599,2609,2613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2588,2589,2592,2594,2596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2590,2591],{"class":71},"x ",[65,2593,76],{"class":75},[65,2595,1790],{"class":75},[65,2597,2598],{"class":83},"9\n",[65,2600,2601,2603,2605,2607],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2602,1584],{"class":163},[65,2604,151],{"class":79},[65,2606,1742],{"class":147},[65,2608,157],{"class":79},[65,2610,2611],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2612,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2614,2615,2617,2619,2621],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2616,164],{"class":163},[65,2618,151],{"class":79},[65,2620,1742],{"class":147},[65,2622,157],{"class":79},[20,2624,350],{},[56,2626,2628],{"className":58,"code":2627,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-9\n",[15,2629,2630],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2631,2632,2634],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2633,1589],{"class":75},[65,2635,2598],{"class":83},[20,2637,2638],{},"If you want to store the result:",[56,2640,2642],{"className":58,"code":2641,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2643,2644,2654,2668,2672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2645,2646,2648,2650,2652],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2647,2591],{"class":71},[65,2649,76],{"class":75},[65,2651,1790],{"class":75},[65,2653,2598],{"class":83},[65,2655,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2657,2591],{"class":71},[65,2659,76],{"class":75},[65,2661,1802],{"class":163},[65,2663,151],{"class":79},[65,2665,1742],{"class":147},[65,2667,157],{"class":79},[65,2669,2670],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2671,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2673,2674,2676,2678,2680],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2675,164],{"class":163},[65,2677,151],{"class":79},[65,2679,1742],{"class":147},[65,2681,157],{"class":79},[20,2683,350],{},[56,2685,2686],{"className":58,"code":2598,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2687,2688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2689,2690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2691,2598],{"class":83},[1286,2693,2695],{"id":2694},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2697,2698,2700],{},[15,2699,1548],{}," does not round numbers.",[56,2702,2704],{"className":58,"code":2703,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2705,2706],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2707,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716,2718,2721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2709,164],{"class":163},[65,2711,151],{"class":79},[65,2713,1584],{"class":163},[65,2715,151],{"class":79},[65,2717,1589],{"class":75},[65,2719,2720],{"class":83},"4.7",[65,2722,1028],{"class":79},[20,2724,350],{},[56,2726,2728],{"className":58,"code":2727,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4.7\n",[15,2729,2730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2731,2732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2733,2727],{"class":83},[20,2735,2736,2737,2739,2740,2742],{},"If you expected ",[15,2738,1705],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2741,1548],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[51,2744,2746],{"id":2745},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2748,2749,2751],{},[15,2750,1548],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,2753,2754,2761,2768],{},[36,2755,2756,2758,2759],{},[15,2757,1757],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2760,1757],{},[36,2762,2763,2765,2766],{},[15,2764,1760],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2767,1760],{},[36,2769,2770,2765,2772],{},[15,2771,1764],{},[15,2773,1760],{},[20,2775,267],{},[56,2777,2779],{"className":58,"code":2778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2780,2781,2801,2822],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2782,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2784,164],{"class":163},[65,2786,151],{"class":79},[65,2788,1260],{"class":1259},[65,2790,151],{"class":79},[65,2792,1584],{"class":163},[65,2794,151],{"class":79},[65,2796,1589],{"class":75},[65,2798,1705],{"class":83},[65,2800,2478],{"class":79},[65,2802,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2820],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2804,164],{"class":163},[65,2806,151],{"class":79},[65,2808,1260],{"class":1259},[65,2810,151],{"class":79},[65,2812,1584],{"class":163},[65,2814,151],{"class":79},[65,2816,1589],{"class":75},[65,2818,2819],{"class":83},"3.2",[65,2821,2478],{"class":79},[65,2823,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2825,164],{"class":163},[65,2827,151],{"class":79},[65,2829,1260],{"class":1259},[65,2831,151],{"class":79},[65,2833,1584],{"class":163},[65,2835,151],{"class":79},[65,2837,111],{"class":83},[65,2839,2022],{"class":75},[65,2841,116],{"class":83},[65,2843,1633],{"class":1632},[65,2845,2478],{"class":79},[20,2847,350],{},[56,2849,2851],{"className":58,"code":2850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2852,2853,2870,2884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2854,2855,2858,2861,2863,2865,2867],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2856,2857],{"class":75},"\u003C",[65,2859,2860],{"class":1632},"class",[65,2862,603],{"class":487},[65,2864,1757],{"class":491},[65,2866,594],{"class":487},[65,2868,2869],{"class":75},">\n",[65,2871,2872,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2873,2857],{"class":75},[65,2875,2860],{"class":1632},[65,2877,603],{"class":487},[65,2879,1760],{"class":491},[65,2881,594],{"class":487},[65,2883,2869],{"class":75},[65,2885,2886,2888,2890,2892,2894,2896],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2887,2857],{"class":75},[65,2889,2860],{"class":1632},[65,2891,603],{"class":487},[65,2893,1760],{"class":491},[65,2895,594],{"class":487},[65,2897,2869],{"class":75},[20,2899,2900],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2902,2903],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2905,2906],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[56,2908,2910],{"className":58,"code":2909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2911,2912,2926,2936,2950,2954,2968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2913,2914,2916,2918,2920,2923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2915,2015],{"class":71},[65,2917,76],{"class":75},[65,2919,499],{"class":487},[65,2921,2922],{"class":491},"-5",[65,2924,2925],{"class":487},"\"\n",[65,2927,2928,2930,2932,2934],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,2929,164],{"class":163},[65,2931,151],{"class":79},[65,2933,2040],{"class":147},[65,2935,157],{"class":79},[65,2937,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2948],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,2939,164],{"class":163},[65,2941,151],{"class":79},[65,2943,1260],{"class":1259},[65,2945,151],{"class":79},[65,2947,2040],{"class":147},[65,2949,1028],{"class":79},[65,2951,2952],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2953,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,2955,2956,2959,2961,2963,2966],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,2957,2958],{"class":71},"user_input ",[65,2960,76],{"class":75},[65,2962,499],{"class":487},[65,2964,2965],{"class":491},"-3.7",[65,2967,2925],{"class":487},[65,2969,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980,2982,2985],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,2971,164],{"class":163},[65,2973,151],{"class":79},[65,2975,1584],{"class":163},[65,2977,151],{"class":79},[65,2979,1760],{"class":1259},[65,2981,151],{"class":79},[65,2983,2984],{"class":147},"user_input",[65,2986,2478],{"class":79},[20,2988,350],{},[56,2990,2992],{"className":58,"code":2991,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2993,2994,3000,3015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2995,2996,2998],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2997,1589],{"class":75},[65,2999,2513],{"class":83},[65,3001,3002,3004,3006,3008,3011,3013],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3003,2857],{"class":75},[65,3005,2860],{"class":1632},[65,3007,603],{"class":487},[65,3009,3010],{"class":491},"str",[65,3012,594],{"class":487},[65,3014,2869],{"class":75},[65,3016,3017],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,3018,3019],{"class":83},"3.7\n",[51,3021,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,3023,3025],{"id":3024},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3027,3028],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1286,3030,3032],{"id":3031},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3034,3035],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1286,3037,3039],{"id":3038},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3041,3042],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1286,3044,3046],{"id":3045},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3048,3049,3051,3052,214,3054,3056,3057,144],{},[15,3050,2524],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3053,2444],{},[15,3055,2450],{}," before using ",[15,3058,1548],{},[1286,3060,3062],{"id":3061},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3064,3065],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[51,3067,1455],{"id":1454},[33,3069,3070,3077,3083,3089,3094],{},[36,3071,3072],{},[210,3073,3074,3076],{"href":2441},[15,3075,2444],{}," function explained",[36,3078,3079],{},[210,3080,3081,3076],{"href":2447},[15,3082,2450],{},[36,3084,3085],{},[210,3086,3087,3076],{"href":1866},[15,3088,1869],{},[36,3090,3091],{},[210,3092,3093],{"href":2528},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,3095,3096],{},[210,3097,1988],{"href":1987},[1499,3099,3100],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":3102},[3103,3104,3105,3106,3107,3108,3114,3120,3121,3128],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":1666,"depth":101,"text":1667},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":1874,"depth":101,"text":1875},{"id":1991,"depth":101,"text":1992},{"id":2095,"depth":101,"text":2096,"children":3109},[3110,3111,3112,3113],{"id":2104,"depth":126,"text":2105},{"id":2203,"depth":126,"text":2204},{"id":2252,"depth":126,"text":2253},{"id":2319,"depth":126,"text":2320},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":3115},[3116,3117,3118,3119],{"id":2399,"depth":126,"text":2400},{"id":2532,"depth":126,"text":2533},{"id":2575,"depth":126,"text":2576},{"id":2694,"depth":126,"text":2695},{"id":2745,"depth":101,"text":2746},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":3122},[3123,3124,3125,3126,3127],{"id":3024,"depth":126,"text":3025},{"id":3031,"depth":126,"text":3032},{"id":3038,"depth":126,"text":3039},{"id":3045,"depth":126,"text":3046},{"id":3061,"depth":126,"text":3062},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1537,"description":3129},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3136,"title":3137,"body":3138,"description":4840,"extension":1528,"meta":4841,"navigation":129,"path":4842,"seo":4843,"stem":4844,"__hash__":4845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3139,"toc":4804},[3140,3148,3154,3157,3174,3176,3231,3241,3246,3250,3269,3272,3289,3292,3296,3304,3321,3324,3364,3367,3374,3380,3458,3460,3492,3498,3502,3506,3545,3547,3556,3563,3567,3606,3608,3617,3626,3630,3686,3688,3696,3699,3702,3749,3751,3759,3765,3772,3777,3780,3783,3850,3852,3860,3863,3930,3932,3940,3954,3957,3968,3972,3978,3981,3983,3999,4001,4009,4012,4015,4018,4035,4038,4041,4071,4073,4086,4088,4092,4095,4110,4115,4118,4145,4152,4155,4194,4200,4206,4214,4217,4269,4276,4340,4345,4354,4357,4375,4381,4384,4526,4532,4537,4540,4551,4554,4610,4612,4620,4623,4682,4684,4692,4695,4706,4708,4715,4724,4733,4736,4743,4746,4754,4767,4769,4801],[10,3141,3143,3144,3147],{"id":3142},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3145,3146],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3149,3150,3151,3153],{},"Python’s ",[15,3152,3146],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3155,3156],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,3158,3159,3162,3165],{},[36,3160,3161],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,3163,3164],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,3166,3167,1965,3170,3173],{},[15,3168,3169],{},"all([])",[15,3171,3172],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[51,3175,54],{"id":53},[56,3177,3179],{"className":58,"code":3178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3180,3181,3202,3218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3182,3183,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3184,3185],{"class":71},"numbers ",[65,3187,76],{"class":75},[65,3189,1339],{"class":79},[65,3191,84],{"class":83},[65,3193,87],{"class":79},[65,3195,90],{"class":83},[65,3197,87],{"class":79},[65,3199,95],{"class":83},[65,3201,1352],{"class":79},[65,3203,3204,3206,3208,3211,3213,3216],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3205,136],{"class":71},[65,3207,76],{"class":75},[65,3209,3210],{"class":163}," all",[65,3212,151],{"class":79},[65,3214,3215],{"class":147},"numbers",[65,3217,157],{"class":79},[65,3219,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,3221,164],{"class":163},[65,3223,151],{"class":79},[65,3225,169],{"class":147},[65,3227,172],{"class":79},[65,3229,3230],{"class":175},"  # True\n",[20,3232,3233,1965,3235,3237,3238,144],{},[15,3234,3146],{},[15,3236,3172],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3239,3240],{},"False",[51,3242,183,3244,186],{"id":3243},"what-all-does",[15,3245,3146],{},[20,3247,3248,191],{},[15,3249,3146],{},[33,3251,3252,3255,3261,3266],{},[36,3253,3254],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,3256,3257,3258,3260],{},"returns ",[15,3259,3172],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,3262,3257,3263,3265],{},[15,3264,3240],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,3267,3268],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3270,3271],{},"Basic syntax:",[56,3273,3275],{"className":58,"code":3274,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3276,3277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3278,3279,3282,3284,3287],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3280,3281],{"class":163},"all",[65,3283,151],{"class":79},[65,3285,3286],{"class":147},"iterable",[65,3288,157],{"class":79},[20,3290,3291],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[51,3293,3295],{"id":3294},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3297,3298,3299,214,3301,3303],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3300,3172],{},[15,3302,3240],{}," in conditions.",[33,3305,3306,3314],{},[36,3307,3308,3311,3312],{},[43,3309,3310],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3313,3172],{},[36,3315,3316,3311,3319],{},[43,3317,3318],{},"Falsy",[15,3320,3240],{},[20,3322,3323],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,3325,3326,3330,3335,3340,3345,3349,3354,3359],{},[36,3327,3328],{},[15,3329,1688],{},[36,3331,3332],{},[15,3333,3334],{},"0.0",[36,3336,3337],{},[15,3338,3339],{},"''",[36,3341,3342],{},[15,3343,3344],{},"None",[36,3346,3347],{},[15,3348,3240],{},[36,3350,3351],{},[15,3352,3353],{},"[]",[36,3355,3356],{},[15,3357,3358],{},"{}",[36,3360,3361],{},[15,3362,3363],{},"set()",[20,3365,3366],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3368,3369,3370,144],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[210,3371,3373],{"href":3372},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3375,3376,3377,191],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3378,3379],{},"bool()",[56,3381,3383],{"className":58,"code":3382,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3384,3385,3423,3427],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3386,3387,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3401,3403,3406,3408,3410,3413,3415,3417,3421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3388,3389],{"class":71},"values ",[65,3391,76],{"class":75},[65,3393,1339],{"class":79},[65,3395,84],{"class":83},[65,3397,87],{"class":79},[65,3399,3400],{"class":83}," 0",[65,3402,87],{"class":79},[65,3404,3405],{"class":487}," ''",[65,3407,87],{"class":79},[65,3409,603],{"class":487},[65,3411,3412],{"class":491},"hello",[65,3414,594],{"class":487},[65,3416,87],{"class":79},[65,3418,3420],{"class":3419},"s39Yj"," None",[65,3422,1352],{"class":79},[65,3424,3425],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3426,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,3428,3429,3431,3433,3436,3438,3440,3442,3446,3449,3452,3455],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,3430,164],{"class":163},[65,3432,2552],{"class":79},[65,3434,3435],{"class":1259},"bool",[65,3437,151],{"class":79},[65,3439,1742],{"class":147},[65,3441,172],{"class":79},[65,3443,3445],{"class":3444},"sVHd0"," for",[65,3447,3448],{"class":147}," x ",[65,3450,3451],{"class":3444},"in",[65,3453,3454],{"class":147}," values",[65,3456,3457],{"class":79},"])\n",[20,3459,350],{},[56,3461,3463],{"className":58,"code":3462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3464,3465],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3466,3467,3470,3472,3474,3477,3479,3481,3483,3486,3488,3490],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3468,3469],{"class":79},"[",[65,3471,3172],{"class":3419},[65,3473,87],{"class":79},[65,3475,3476],{"class":3419}," False",[65,3478,87],{"class":79},[65,3480,3476],{"class":3419},[65,3482,87],{"class":79},[65,3484,3485],{"class":3419}," True",[65,3487,87],{"class":79},[65,3489,3476],{"class":3419},[65,3491,1352],{"class":79},[20,3493,3494,3495,3497],{},"This matters because ",[15,3496,3146],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[51,3499,3501],{"id":3500},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1286,3503,3505],{"id":3504},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[56,3507,3509],{"className":58,"code":3508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3510,3511,3531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3512,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3514,3185],{"class":71},[65,3516,76],{"class":75},[65,3518,1339],{"class":79},[65,3520,84],{"class":83},[65,3522,87],{"class":79},[65,3524,90],{"class":83},[65,3526,87],{"class":79},[65,3528,95],{"class":83},[65,3530,1352],{"class":79},[65,3532,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3534,164],{"class":163},[65,3536,151],{"class":79},[65,3538,3281],{"class":163},[65,3540,151],{"class":79},[65,3542,3215],{"class":147},[65,3544,1028],{"class":79},[20,3546,350],{},[56,3548,3550],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n",[15,3551,3552],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3553,3554],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3555,3549],{"class":3419},[20,3557,3558,3559,1965,3561,144],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3560,3146],{},[15,3562,3172],{},[1286,3564,3566],{"id":3565},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[56,3568,3570],{"className":58,"code":3569,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3571,3572,3592],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3573,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3575,3185],{"class":71},[65,3577,76],{"class":75},[65,3579,1339],{"class":79},[65,3581,84],{"class":83},[65,3583,87],{"class":79},[65,3585,3400],{"class":83},[65,3587,87],{"class":79},[65,3589,95],{"class":83},[65,3591,1352],{"class":79},[65,3593,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3595,164],{"class":163},[65,3597,151],{"class":79},[65,3599,3281],{"class":163},[65,3601,151],{"class":79},[65,3603,3215],{"class":147},[65,3605,1028],{"class":79},[20,3607,350],{},[56,3609,3611],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\n",[15,3612,3613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3614,3615],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3616,3610],{"class":3419},[20,3618,422,3619,3621,3622,1965,3624,144],{},[15,3620,1688],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3623,3146],{},[15,3625,3240],{},[1286,3627,3629],{"id":3628},"example-strings","Example: strings",[56,3631,3633],{"className":58,"code":3632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3634,3635,3671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3636,3637,3640,3642,3644,3646,3649,3651,3653,3655,3658,3660,3662,3664,3667,3669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3638,3639],{"class":71},"words ",[65,3641,76],{"class":75},[65,3643,1339],{"class":79},[65,3645,594],{"class":487},[65,3647,3648],{"class":491},"apple",[65,3650,594],{"class":487},[65,3652,87],{"class":79},[65,3654,603],{"class":487},[65,3656,3657],{"class":491},"banana",[65,3659,594],{"class":487},[65,3661,87],{"class":79},[65,3663,603],{"class":487},[65,3665,3666],{"class":491},"cherry",[65,3668,594],{"class":487},[65,3670,1352],{"class":79},[65,3672,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3684],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3674,164],{"class":163},[65,3676,151],{"class":79},[65,3678,3281],{"class":163},[65,3680,151],{"class":79},[65,3682,3683],{"class":147},"words",[65,3685,1028],{"class":79},[20,3687,350],{},[56,3689,3690],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,3691,3692],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3693,3694],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3695,3549],{"class":3419},[20,3697,3698],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3700,3701],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[56,3703,3705],{"className":58,"code":3704,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3706,3707,3735],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3708,3709,3711,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721,3723,3725,3727,3729,3731,3733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3710,3639],{"class":71},[65,3712,76],{"class":75},[65,3714,1339],{"class":79},[65,3716,594],{"class":487},[65,3718,3648],{"class":491},[65,3720,594],{"class":487},[65,3722,87],{"class":79},[65,3724,3405],{"class":487},[65,3726,87],{"class":79},[65,3728,603],{"class":487},[65,3730,3666],{"class":491},[65,3732,594],{"class":487},[65,3734,1352],{"class":79},[65,3736,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3738,164],{"class":163},[65,3740,151],{"class":79},[65,3742,3281],{"class":163},[65,3744,151],{"class":79},[65,3746,3683],{"class":147},[65,3748,1028],{"class":79},[20,3750,350],{},[56,3752,3753],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,3754,3755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3756,3757],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3758,3610],{"class":3419},[20,3760,3761,3762,3764],{},"The empty string ",[15,3763,3339],{}," is falsy.",[51,3766,3768,3769,3771],{"id":3767},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3770,3146],{}," works with conditions",[20,3773,3774,3776],{},[15,3775,3146],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3778,3779],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3781,3782],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[56,3784,3786],{"className":58,"code":3785,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3787,3788,3808,3836,3840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3789,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3791,3185],{"class":71},[65,3793,76],{"class":75},[65,3795,1339],{"class":79},[65,3797,84],{"class":83},[65,3799,87],{"class":79},[65,3801,90],{"class":83},[65,3803,87],{"class":79},[65,3805,95],{"class":83},[65,3807,1352],{"class":79},[65,3809,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3823,3825,3827,3829,3831,3834],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3811,136],{"class":71},[65,3813,76],{"class":75},[65,3815,3210],{"class":163},[65,3817,151],{"class":79},[65,3819,2591],{"class":147},[65,3821,3822],{"class":75},">",[65,3824,3400],{"class":83},[65,3826,3445],{"class":3444},[65,3828,3448],{"class":147},[65,3830,3451],{"class":3444},[65,3832,3833],{"class":147}," numbers",[65,3835,157],{"class":79},[65,3837,3838],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,3839,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,3841,3842,3844,3846,3848],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3843,164],{"class":163},[65,3845,151],{"class":79},[65,3847,169],{"class":147},[65,3849,157],{"class":79},[20,3851,350],{},[56,3853,3854],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,3855,3856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3857,3858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3859,3549],{"class":3419},[20,3861,3862],{},"Here is one that fails:",[56,3864,3866],{"className":58,"code":3865,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3867,3868,3890,3916,3920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3869,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3871,3185],{"class":71},[65,3873,76],{"class":75},[65,3875,1339],{"class":79},[65,3877,84],{"class":83},[65,3879,87],{"class":79},[65,3881,1790],{"class":75},[65,3883,1624],{"class":83},[65,3885,87],{"class":79},[65,3887,95],{"class":83},[65,3889,1352],{"class":79},[65,3891,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,3893,136],{"class":71},[65,3895,76],{"class":75},[65,3897,3210],{"class":163},[65,3899,151],{"class":79},[65,3901,2591],{"class":147},[65,3903,3822],{"class":75},[65,3905,3400],{"class":83},[65,3907,3445],{"class":3444},[65,3909,3448],{"class":147},[65,3911,3451],{"class":3444},[65,3913,3833],{"class":147},[65,3915,157],{"class":79},[65,3917,3918],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,3919,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,3921,3922,3924,3926,3928],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3923,164],{"class":163},[65,3925,151],{"class":79},[65,3927,169],{"class":147},[65,3929,157],{"class":79},[20,3931,350],{},[56,3933,3934],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,3935,3936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3937,3938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3939,3610],{"class":3419},[20,3941,3942,3943,3946,3947,3949,3950,1965,3952,144],{},"The expression ",[15,3944,3945],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3948,3172],{},", then ",[15,3951,3146],{},[15,3953,3172],{},[20,3955,3956],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3958,3959,3960,634,3964,144],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[210,3961,3963],{"href":3962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[210,3965,3967],{"href":3966},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[51,3969,3971],{"id":3970},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3973,3974,1965,3976,144],{},[15,3975,3169],{},[15,3977,3172],{},[20,3979,3980],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3982,267],{},[56,3984,3986],{"className":58,"code":3985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3987,3988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3989,3990,3992,3994,3996],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3991,164],{"class":163},[65,3993,151],{"class":79},[65,3995,3281],{"class":163},[65,3997,3998],{"class":79},"([]))\n",[20,4000,350],{},[56,4002,4003],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4004,4005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4006,4007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4008,3549],{"class":3419},[20,4010,4011],{},"Why?",[20,4013,4014],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4016,4017],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,4019,4020,4027,4030],{},[36,4021,4022,1965,4024,4026],{},[15,4023,3146],{},[15,4025,3240],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,4028,4029],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,4031,4032,4033],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4034,3240],{},[20,4036,4037],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4039,4040],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[56,4042,4044],{"className":58,"code":4043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4045,4046,4057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4047,4048,4050,4052,4054],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4049,164],{"class":163},[65,4051,151],{"class":79},[65,4053,3281],{"class":163},[65,4055,4056],{"class":79},"(()))\n",[65,4058,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4060,164],{"class":163},[65,4062,151],{"class":79},[65,4064,3281],{"class":163},[65,4066,151],{"class":79},[65,4068,3339],{"class":487},[65,4070,1028],{"class":79},[20,4072,350],{},[56,4074,4076],{"className":58,"code":4075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4077,4078,4082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4079,4080],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4081,3549],{"class":3419},[65,4083,4084],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4085,3549],{"class":3419},[51,4087,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,4089,4091],{"id":4090},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4093,4094],{},"This is wrong:",[56,4096,4098],{"className":58,"code":4097,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4099,4100,4105],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4101,4102],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4103,4104],{"class":175},"# Wrong\n",[65,4106,4107],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4108,4109],{"class":175},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4111,4112,4114],{},[15,4113,3146],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4116,4117],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[56,4119,4121],{"className":58,"code":4120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4122,4123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4124,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141,4143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4126,164],{"class":163},[65,4128,151],{"class":79},[65,4130,3281],{"class":163},[65,4132,2552],{"class":79},[65,4134,84],{"class":83},[65,4136,87],{"class":79},[65,4138,90],{"class":83},[65,4140,87],{"class":79},[65,4142,95],{"class":83},[65,4144,2565],{"class":79},[1286,4146,4148,4149,4151],{"id":4147},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4150,3146],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4153,4154],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[56,4156,4158],{"className":58,"code":4157,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4159,4160,4180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4161,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4163,3185],{"class":71},[65,4165,76],{"class":75},[65,4167,1339],{"class":79},[65,4169,1705],{"class":83},[65,4171,87],{"class":79},[65,4173,121],{"class":83},[65,4175,87],{"class":79},[65,4177,121],{"class":83},[65,4179,1352],{"class":79},[65,4181,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4183,164],{"class":163},[65,4185,151],{"class":79},[65,4187,3281],{"class":163},[65,4189,151],{"class":79},[65,4191,3215],{"class":147},[65,4193,1028],{"class":79},[20,4195,4196,4197,4199],{},"This does ",[43,4198,45],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4201,4202,4203,4205],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4204,1705],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[56,4207,4208],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4209,4210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4211,4212],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4213,3549],{"class":3419},[20,4215,4216],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[56,4218,4220],{"className":58,"code":4219,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4221,4222,4242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4223,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4225,3185],{"class":71},[65,4227,76],{"class":75},[65,4229,1339],{"class":79},[65,4231,1705],{"class":83},[65,4233,87],{"class":79},[65,4235,121],{"class":83},[65,4237,87],{"class":79},[65,4239,121],{"class":83},[65,4241,1352],{"class":79},[65,4243,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4245,164],{"class":163},[65,4247,151],{"class":79},[65,4249,3281],{"class":163},[65,4251,151],{"class":79},[65,4253,2591],{"class":147},[65,4255,4256],{"class":75},"==",[65,4258,121],{"class":83},[65,4260,3445],{"class":3444},[65,4262,3448],{"class":147},[65,4264,3451],{"class":3444},[65,4266,3833],{"class":147},[65,4268,1028],{"class":79},[1286,4270,4272,4273,4275],{"id":4271},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4274,1688],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[56,4277,4279],{"className":58,"code":4278,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4280,4281,4307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4282,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4304],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4284,164],{"class":163},[65,4286,151],{"class":79},[65,4288,3281],{"class":163},[65,4290,2552],{"class":79},[65,4292,84],{"class":83},[65,4294,87],{"class":79},[65,4296,90],{"class":83},[65,4298,87],{"class":79},[65,4300,3400],{"class":83},[65,4302,4303],{"class":79},"]))",[65,4305,4306],{"class":175},"       # False\n",[65,4308,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4310,164],{"class":163},[65,4312,151],{"class":79},[65,4314,3281],{"class":163},[65,4316,2552],{"class":79},[65,4318,594],{"class":487},[65,4320,210],{"class":491},[65,4322,594],{"class":487},[65,4324,87],{"class":79},[65,4326,603],{"class":487},[65,4328,154],{"class":491},[65,4330,594],{"class":487},[65,4332,87],{"class":79},[65,4334,3405],{"class":487},[65,4336,4303],{"class":79},[65,4338,4339],{"class":175},"  # False\n",[20,4341,4342,4343,144],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4344,3240],{},[1286,4346,4348,4349,4351,4352],{"id":4347},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4350,3169],{}," is ",[15,4353,3172],{},[20,4355,4356],{},"This is expected behavior:",[56,4358,4360],{"className":58,"code":4359,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4361,4362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4363,4364,4366,4368,4370,4373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4365,164],{"class":163},[65,4367,151],{"class":79},[65,4369,3281],{"class":163},[65,4371,4372],{"class":79},"([]))",[65,4374,3230],{"class":175},[20,4376,4377,4378,4380],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4379,3172],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4382,4383],{},"Useful quick tests:",[56,4385,4387],{"className":58,"code":4386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4388,4389,4411,4433,4480,4516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4390,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4392,164],{"class":163},[65,4394,151],{"class":79},[65,4396,3281],{"class":163},[65,4398,2552],{"class":79},[65,4400,84],{"class":83},[65,4402,87],{"class":79},[65,4404,90],{"class":83},[65,4406,87],{"class":79},[65,4408,95],{"class":83},[65,4410,2565],{"class":79},[65,4412,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4414,164],{"class":163},[65,4416,151],{"class":79},[65,4418,3281],{"class":163},[65,4420,2552],{"class":79},[65,4422,84],{"class":83},[65,4424,87],{"class":79},[65,4426,3400],{"class":83},[65,4428,87],{"class":79},[65,4430,95],{"class":83},[65,4432,2565],{"class":79},[65,4434,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,4436,164],{"class":163},[65,4438,2552],{"class":79},[65,4440,3435],{"class":1259},[65,4442,151],{"class":79},[65,4444,1742],{"class":147},[65,4446,172],{"class":79},[65,4448,3445],{"class":3444},[65,4450,3448],{"class":147},[65,4452,3451],{"class":3444},[65,4454,1339],{"class":79},[65,4456,84],{"class":83},[65,4458,87],{"class":79},[65,4460,3400],{"class":83},[65,4462,87],{"class":79},[65,4464,3405],{"class":487},[65,4466,87],{"class":79},[65,4468,603],{"class":487},[65,4470,3412],{"class":491},[65,4472,594],{"class":487},[65,4474,87],{"class":79},[65,4476,3420],{"class":3419},[65,4478,4479],{"class":79},"]])\n",[65,4481,4482,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4483,164],{"class":163},[65,4485,151],{"class":79},[65,4487,3281],{"class":163},[65,4489,151],{"class":79},[65,4491,2591],{"class":147},[65,4493,3822],{"class":75},[65,4495,3400],{"class":83},[65,4497,3445],{"class":3444},[65,4499,3448],{"class":147},[65,4501,3451],{"class":3444},[65,4503,1339],{"class":79},[65,4505,84],{"class":83},[65,4507,87],{"class":79},[65,4509,90],{"class":83},[65,4511,87],{"class":79},[65,4513,95],{"class":83},[65,4515,2565],{"class":79},[65,4517,4518,4520,4522,4524],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,4519,164],{"class":163},[65,4521,151],{"class":79},[65,4523,3281],{"class":163},[65,4525,3998],{"class":79},[51,4527,4529,4530],{"id":4528},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4531,3146],{},[20,4533,4534,4536],{},[15,4535,3146],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4538,4539],{},"Common use cases:",[33,4541,4542,4545,4548],{},[36,4543,4544],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,4546,4547],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,4549,4550],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4552,4553],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[56,4555,4557],{"className":58,"code":4556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4558,4559,4595],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4560,4561,4564,4566,4568,4570,4573,4575,4577,4579,4582,4584,4586,4588,4591,4593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4562,4563],{"class":71},"names ",[65,4565,76],{"class":75},[65,4567,1339],{"class":79},[65,4569,594],{"class":487},[65,4571,4572],{"class":491},"Alice",[65,4574,594],{"class":487},[65,4576,87],{"class":79},[65,4578,603],{"class":487},[65,4580,4581],{"class":491},"Bob",[65,4583,594],{"class":487},[65,4585,87],{"class":79},[65,4587,603],{"class":487},[65,4589,4590],{"class":491},"Charlie",[65,4592,594],{"class":487},[65,4594,1352],{"class":79},[65,4596,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4608],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4598,164],{"class":163},[65,4600,151],{"class":79},[65,4602,3281],{"class":163},[65,4604,151],{"class":79},[65,4606,4607],{"class":147},"names",[65,4609,1028],{"class":79},[20,4611,350],{},[56,4613,4614],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4615,4616],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4617,4618],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4619,3549],{"class":3419},[20,4621,4622],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[56,4624,4626],{"className":58,"code":4625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4627,4628,4652],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4629,4630,4633,4635,4637,4640,4642,4645,4647,4650],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4631,4632],{"class":71},"scores ",[65,4634,76],{"class":75},[65,4636,1339],{"class":79},[65,4638,4639],{"class":83},"75",[65,4641,87],{"class":79},[65,4643,4644],{"class":83}," 80",[65,4646,87],{"class":79},[65,4648,4649],{"class":83}," 50",[65,4651,1352],{"class":79},[65,4653,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4665,4668,4670,4672,4675,4677,4680],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4655,164],{"class":163},[65,4657,151],{"class":79},[65,4659,3281],{"class":163},[65,4661,151],{"class":79},[65,4663,4664],{"class":147},"score ",[65,4666,4667],{"class":75},">=",[65,4669,4649],{"class":83},[65,4671,3445],{"class":3444},[65,4673,4674],{"class":147}," score ",[65,4676,3451],{"class":3444},[65,4678,4679],{"class":147}," scores",[65,4681,1028],{"class":79},[20,4683,350],{},[56,4685,4686],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4687,4688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4689,4690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4691,3549],{"class":3419},[20,4693,4694],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4696,4697,4698,634,4702,144],{},"For related tasks, see ",[210,4699,4701],{"href":4700},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[210,4703,4705],{"href":4704},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[51,4707,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,4709,4711,4712,4714],{"id":4710},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4713,3146],{}," return in Python?",[20,4716,4717,4718,4720,4721,4723],{},"It returns ",[15,4719,3172],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4722,3240],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1286,4725,4727,4728,4730,4731,1304],{"id":4726},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4729,3169],{}," return ",[15,4732,3172],{},[20,4734,4735],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1286,4737,4739,4740,4742],{"id":4738},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4741,3146],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4744,4745],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1286,4747,1299,4749,634,4751,1304],{"id":4748},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4750,3146],{},[15,4752,4753],{},"any()",[20,4755,4756,4758,4759,4761,4762,144],{},[15,4757,3146],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4760,4753],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[210,4763,3143,4765,3076],{"href":4764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4766,4753],{},[51,4768,1455],{"id":1454},[33,4770,4771,4777,4781,4786,4791,4796],{},[36,4772,4773],{},[210,4774,3143,4775,3076],{"href":4764},[15,4776,4753],{},[36,4778,4779],{},[210,4780,3373],{"href":3372},[36,4782,4783],{},[210,4784,4785],{"href":4704},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,4787,4788],{},[210,4789,4790],{"href":4700},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,4792,4793],{},[210,4794,4795],{"href":3962},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,4797,4798],{},[210,4799,4800],{"href":3966},"What is an iterable in Python",[1499,4802,4803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":4805},[4806,4807,4809,4810,4815,4817,4818,4827,4829,4839],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":3243,"depth":101,"text":4808},"What all() does",{"id":3294,"depth":101,"text":3295},{"id":3500,"depth":101,"text":3501,"children":4811},[4812,4813,4814],{"id":3504,"depth":126,"text":3505},{"id":3565,"depth":126,"text":3566},{"id":3628,"depth":126,"text":3629},{"id":3767,"depth":101,"text":4816},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3970,"depth":101,"text":3971},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":4819},[4820,4821,4823,4825],{"id":4090,"depth":126,"text":4091},{"id":4147,"depth":126,"text":4822},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4271,"depth":126,"text":4824},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4347,"depth":126,"text":4826},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4528,"depth":101,"text":4828},"When to use all()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":4830},[4831,4833,4835,4837],{"id":4710,"depth":126,"text":4832},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4726,"depth":126,"text":4834},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4738,"depth":126,"text":4836},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4748,"depth":126,"text":4838},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3137,"description":4840},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4847,"title":4848,"body":4849,"description":6539,"extension":1528,"meta":6540,"navigation":129,"path":4764,"seo":6541,"stem":6542,"__hash__":6543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4850,"toc":6517},[4851,4854,4862,4865,4882,4890,4933,4942,4946,4951,4954,4971,4974,4985,4997,5001,5004,5019,5024,5027,5039,5041,5126,5129,5150,5156,5158,5166,5180,5182,5216,5218,5221,5282,5284,5301,5304,5331,5333,5341,5353,5357,5360,5399,5401,5409,5411,5427,5435,5438,5481,5483,5491,5496,5500,5508,5511,5538,5541,5544,5618,5620,5628,5635,5659,5670,5673,5752,5754,5762,5769,5773,5778,5793,5795,5803,5806,5812,5815,5860,5862,5879,5883,5888,5899,5902,6017,6020,6079,6085,6087,6092,6096,6098,6117,6123,6126,6145,6149,6158,6185,6187,6195,6203,6207,6213,6236,6238,6246,6253,6257,6260,6311,6314,6365,6368,6370,6374,6381,6385,6392,6396,6404,6408,6411,6433,6435,6485,6487,6514],[10,4852,4848],{"id":4853},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4855,4856,4858,4859,144],{},[15,4857,4753],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[43,4860,4861],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4863,4864],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,4866,4867,4870,4873,4876,4879],{},[36,4868,4869],{},"lists",[36,4871,4872],{},"tuples",[36,4874,4875],{},"sets",[36,4877,4878],{},"strings",[36,4880,4881],{},"generator expressions",[20,4883,4884,4885,214,4887,4889],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4886,3172],{},[15,4888,3240],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[56,4891,4893],{"className":58,"code":4892,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4894,4895,4915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4896,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4898,3389],{"class":71},[65,4900,76],{"class":75},[65,4902,1339],{"class":79},[65,4904,1688],{"class":83},[65,4906,87],{"class":79},[65,4908,3405],{"class":487},[65,4910,87],{"class":79},[65,4912,121],{"class":83},[65,4914,1352],{"class":79},[65,4916,4917,4919,4921,4924,4926,4929,4931],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,4918,164],{"class":163},[65,4920,151],{"class":79},[65,4922,4923],{"class":163},"any",[65,4925,151],{"class":79},[65,4927,4928],{"class":147},"values",[65,4930,758],{"class":79},[65,4932,3230],{"class":175},[20,4934,1660,4935,4938,4939,4941],{},[15,4936,4937],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4940,3172],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[51,4943,4945],{"id":4944},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4947,4948,4950],{},[15,4949,4753],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4952,4953],{},"It returns:",[33,4955,4956,4961,4966],{},[36,4957,4958,4960],{},[15,4959,3172],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,4962,4963,4965],{},[15,4964,3240],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,4967,4968,4970],{},[15,4969,3240],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4972,4973],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,4975,4976,4979,4982],{},[36,4977,4978],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,4980,4981],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,4983,4984],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4986,4987,4988,4991,4992,144],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[43,4989,4990],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[210,4993,4995],{"href":4994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4996,3146],{},[51,4998,5000],{"id":4999},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5002,5003],{},"The syntax is simple:",[56,5005,5007],{"className":58,"code":5006,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5008,5009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5010,5011,5013,5015,5017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5012,4923],{"class":163},[65,5014,151],{"class":79},[65,5016,3286],{"class":147},[65,5018,157],{"class":79},[20,5020,5021,5022,144],{},"The argument must be an ",[43,5023,3286],{},[20,5025,5026],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037],{},[36,5030,4869],{},[36,5032,4872],{},[36,5034,4875],{},[36,5036,4878],{},[36,5038,4881],{},[20,5040,405],{},[56,5042,5044],{"className":58,"code":5043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5045,5046,5069,5088,5108],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5047,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5049,164],{"class":163},[65,5051,151],{"class":79},[65,5053,4923],{"class":163},[65,5055,2552],{"class":79},[65,5057,1688],{"class":83},[65,5059,87],{"class":79},[65,5061,3400],{"class":83},[65,5063,87],{"class":79},[65,5065,5066],{"class":83}," 1",[65,5068,2565],{"class":79},[65,5070,5071,5073,5075,5077,5080,5082,5084,5086],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5072,164],{"class":163},[65,5074,151],{"class":79},[65,5076,4923],{"class":163},[65,5078,5079],{"class":79},"((",[65,5081,3240],{"class":3419},[65,5083,87],{"class":79},[65,5085,3476],{"class":3419},[65,5087,2478],{"class":79},[65,5089,5090,5092,5094,5096,5099,5101,5103,5105],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5091,164],{"class":163},[65,5093,151],{"class":79},[65,5095,4923],{"class":163},[65,5097,5098],{"class":79},"({",[65,5100,1688],{"class":83},[65,5102,87],{"class":79},[65,5104,90],{"class":83},[65,5106,5107],{"class":79},"}))\n",[65,5109,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5111,164],{"class":163},[65,5113,151],{"class":79},[65,5115,4923],{"class":163},[65,5117,151],{"class":79},[65,5119,488],{"class":487},[65,5121,3412],{"class":491},[65,5123,488],{"class":487},[65,5125,1028],{"class":79},[20,5127,5128],{},"Expected output:",[56,5130,5132],{"className":58,"code":5131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5133,5134,5138,5142,5146],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5135,5136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5137,3549],{"class":3419},[65,5139,5140],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5141,3610],{"class":3419},[65,5143,5144],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5145,3549],{"class":3419},[65,5147,5148],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5149,3549],{"class":3419},[20,5151,5152,5153,144],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[210,5154,4705],{"href":5155},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[51,5157,3295],{"id":3294},[20,5159,3298,5160,214,5163,3303],{},[43,5161,5162],{},"truthy",[43,5164,5165],{},"falsy",[33,5167,5168,5174],{},[36,5169,5170,3311,5172],{},[43,5171,3310],{},[15,5173,3172],{},[36,5175,5176,3311,5178],{},[43,5177,3318],{},[15,5179,3240],{},[20,5181,3323],{},[33,5183,5184,5188,5192,5196,5200,5204,5208,5212],{},[36,5185,5186],{},[15,5187,3240],{},[36,5189,5190],{},[15,5191,1688],{},[36,5193,5194],{},[15,5195,3334],{},[36,5197,5198],{},[15,5199,3339],{},[36,5201,5202],{},[15,5203,3353],{},[36,5205,5206],{},[15,5207,3358],{},[36,5209,5210],{},[15,5211,3363],{},[36,5213,5214],{},[15,5215,3344],{},[20,5217,3366],{},[20,5219,5220],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[56,5222,5224],{"className":58,"code":5223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5225,5226,5240,5258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5227,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5229,164],{"class":163},[65,5231,151],{"class":79},[65,5233,4923],{"class":163},[65,5235,2552],{"class":79},[65,5237,84],{"class":83},[65,5239,2565],{"class":79},[65,5241,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5243,164],{"class":163},[65,5245,151],{"class":79},[65,5247,4923],{"class":163},[65,5249,2552],{"class":79},[65,5251,594],{"class":487},[65,5253,3412],{"class":491},[65,5255,594],{"class":487},[65,5257,2565],{"class":79},[65,5259,5260,5262,5264,5266,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5261,164],{"class":163},[65,5263,151],{"class":79},[65,5265,4923],{"class":163},[65,5267,5268],{"class":79},"([[",[65,5270,84],{"class":83},[65,5272,87],{"class":79},[65,5274,90],{"class":83},[65,5276,87],{"class":79},[65,5278,95],{"class":83},[65,5280,5281],{"class":79},"]]))\n",[20,5283,5128],{},[56,5285,5287],{"className":58,"code":5286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5288,5289,5293,5297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5290,5291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5292,3549],{"class":3419},[65,5294,5295],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5296,3549],{"class":3419},[65,5298,5299],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5300,3549],{"class":3419},[20,5302,5303],{},"And these are all falsy:",[56,5305,5307],{"className":58,"code":5306,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5308,5309],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5310,5311,5313,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5312,164],{"class":163},[65,5314,151],{"class":79},[65,5316,4923],{"class":163},[65,5318,2552],{"class":79},[65,5320,1688],{"class":83},[65,5322,87],{"class":79},[65,5324,3405],{"class":487},[65,5326,87],{"class":79},[65,5328,3420],{"class":3419},[65,5330,2565],{"class":79},[20,5332,5128],{},[56,5334,5335],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5336,5337],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5338,5339],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5340,3610],{"class":3419},[20,5342,5343,5344,634,5347,144],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[210,5345,3373],{"href":5346},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[210,5348,5350,5352],{"href":5349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5351,3379],{}," explained",[51,5354,5356],{"id":5355},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5358,5359],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[56,5361,5363],{"className":58,"code":5362,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5364,5365,5385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5366,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381,5383],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5368,3389],{"class":71},[65,5370,76],{"class":75},[65,5372,1339],{"class":79},[65,5374,1688],{"class":83},[65,5376,87],{"class":79},[65,5378,3405],{"class":487},[65,5380,87],{"class":79},[65,5382,121],{"class":83},[65,5384,1352],{"class":79},[65,5386,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5388,164],{"class":163},[65,5390,151],{"class":79},[65,5392,4923],{"class":163},[65,5394,151],{"class":79},[65,5396,4928],{"class":147},[65,5398,1028],{"class":79},[20,5400,350],{},[56,5402,5403],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5404,5405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5406,5407],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5408,3549],{"class":3419},[20,5410,4011],{},[33,5412,5413,5418,5422],{},[36,5414,5415,5417],{},[15,5416,1688],{}," is falsy",[36,5419,5420,5417],{},[15,5421,3339],{},[36,5423,5424,5426],{},[15,5425,1705],{}," is truthy",[20,5428,5429,5430,1965,5433,144],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5431,5432],{},"any(values)",[15,5434,3172],{},[20,5436,5437],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[56,5439,5441],{"className":58,"code":5440,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5442,5443,5467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5444,5445,5447,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5446,3389],{"class":71},[65,5448,76],{"class":75},[65,5450,1339],{"class":79},[65,5452,1688],{"class":83},[65,5454,87],{"class":79},[65,5456,3405],{"class":487},[65,5458,87],{"class":79},[65,5460,3420],{"class":3419},[65,5462,87],{"class":79},[65,5464,3476],{"class":3419},[65,5466,1352],{"class":79},[65,5468,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5470,164],{"class":163},[65,5472,151],{"class":79},[65,5474,4923],{"class":163},[65,5476,151],{"class":79},[65,5478,4928],{"class":147},[65,5480,1028],{"class":79},[20,5482,350],{},[56,5484,5485],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5486,5487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5488,5489],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5490,3610],{"class":3419},[20,5492,5493,5494,144],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5495,3240],{},[51,5497,5499],{"id":5498},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5501,5502,5504,5505,144],{},[15,5503,4753],{}," is often used with a ",[43,5506,5507],{},"generator expression",[20,5509,5510],{},"This is a common pattern:",[56,5512,5514],{"className":58,"code":5513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5515,5516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5517,5518,5520,5522,5525,5528,5531,5533,5536],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5519,4923],{"class":163},[65,5521,151],{"class":79},[65,5523,5524],{"class":147},"condition ",[65,5526,5527],{"class":3444},"for",[65,5529,5530],{"class":147}," item ",[65,5532,3451],{"class":3444},[65,5534,5535],{"class":147}," items",[65,5537,157],{"class":79},[20,5539,5540],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5542,5543],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[56,5545,5547],{"className":58,"code":5546,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5548,5549,5577,5581,5608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5550,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5575],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5552,3185],{"class":71},[65,5554,76],{"class":75},[65,5556,1339],{"class":79},[65,5558,2072],{"class":83},[65,5560,87],{"class":79},[65,5562,5563],{"class":83}," 7",[65,5565,87],{"class":79},[65,5567,1790],{"class":75},[65,5569,1624],{"class":83},[65,5571,87],{"class":79},[65,5573,5574],{"class":83}," 10",[65,5576,1352],{"class":79},[65,5578,5579],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5580,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,5582,5583,5585,5587,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5584,136],{"class":71},[65,5586,76],{"class":75},[65,5588,5589],{"class":163}," any",[65,5591,151],{"class":79},[65,5593,2591],{"class":147},[65,5595,2857],{"class":75},[65,5597,3400],{"class":83},[65,5599,3445],{"class":3444},[65,5601,3448],{"class":147},[65,5603,3451],{"class":3444},[65,5605,3833],{"class":147},[65,5607,157],{"class":79},[65,5609,5610,5612,5614,5616],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5611,164],{"class":163},[65,5613,151],{"class":79},[65,5615,169],{"class":147},[65,5617,157],{"class":79},[20,5619,350],{},[56,5621,5622],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5623,5624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5625,5626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5627,3549],{"class":3419},[20,5629,5630,5631,5634],{},"This works because ",[15,5632,5633],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,5636,5637,5645,5652],{},[36,5638,5639,5642,5643],{},[15,5640,5641],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5644,3240],{},[36,5646,5647,5642,5650],{},[15,5648,5649],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5651,3240],{},[36,5653,5654,5642,5657],{},[15,5655,5656],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5658,3172],{},[20,5660,5661,5662,5664,5665,5667,5668,144],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5663,3172],{}," result, ",[15,5666,4753],{}," can return ",[15,5669,3172],{},[20,5671,5672],{},"Here is another example:",[56,5674,5676],{"className":58,"code":5675,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5677,5678,5707,5711,5741],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5679,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690,5692,5694,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5681,3639],{"class":71},[65,5683,76],{"class":75},[65,5685,1339],{"class":79},[65,5687,488],{"class":487},[65,5689,3648],{"class":491},[65,5691,488],{"class":487},[65,5693,87],{"class":79},[65,5695,5696],{"class":487}," \"\"",[65,5698,87],{"class":79},[65,5700,499],{"class":487},[65,5702,3657],{"class":491},[65,5704,488],{"class":487},[65,5706,1352],{"class":79},[65,5708,5709],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5710,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,5712,5713,5716,5718,5720,5722,5725,5727,5729,5731,5734,5736,5739],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5714,5715],{"class":71},"has_empty_string ",[65,5717,76],{"class":75},[65,5719,5589],{"class":163},[65,5721,151],{"class":79},[65,5723,5724],{"class":147},"word ",[65,5726,4256],{"class":75},[65,5728,5696],{"class":487},[65,5730,3445],{"class":3444},[65,5732,5733],{"class":147}," word ",[65,5735,3451],{"class":3444},[65,5737,5738],{"class":147}," words",[65,5740,157],{"class":79},[65,5742,5743,5745,5747,5750],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5744,164],{"class":163},[65,5746,151],{"class":79},[65,5748,5749],{"class":147},"has_empty_string",[65,5751,157],{"class":79},[20,5753,350],{},[56,5755,5756],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5757,5758],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5759,5760],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5761,3549],{"class":3419},[20,5763,5764,5765,144],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[210,5766,5768],{"href":5767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[51,5770,5772],{"id":5771},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5774,5775,5776,191],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5777,3240],{},[56,5779,5781],{"className":58,"code":5780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5782,5783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5784,5785,5787,5789,5791],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5786,164],{"class":163},[65,5788,151],{"class":79},[65,5790,4923],{"class":163},[65,5792,3998],{"class":79},[20,5794,350],{},[56,5796,5797],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5798,5799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5800,5801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5802,3610],{"class":3419},[20,5804,5805],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5807,5808,5809,5811],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5810,4753],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5813,5814],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[56,5816,5818],{"className":58,"code":5817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5819,5820,5830,5845],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5821,5822,5824,5826,5828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5823,164],{"class":163},[65,5825,151],{"class":79},[65,5827,4923],{"class":163},[65,5829,4056],{"class":79},[65,5831,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5833,164],{"class":163},[65,5835,151],{"class":79},[65,5837,4923],{"class":163},[65,5839,151],{"class":79},[65,5841,5842],{"class":487},"\"\"",[65,5844,1028],{"class":79},[65,5846,5847,5849,5851,5853,5855,5857],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5848,164],{"class":163},[65,5850,151],{"class":79},[65,5852,4923],{"class":163},[65,5854,151],{"class":79},[65,5856,1401],{"class":1259},[65,5858,5859],{"class":79},"()))\n",[20,5861,350],{},[56,5863,5865],{"className":58,"code":5864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5866,5867,5871,5875],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5868,5869],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5870,3610],{"class":3419},[65,5872,5873],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5874,3610],{"class":3419},[65,5876,5877],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5878,3610],{"class":3419},[51,5880,5882],{"id":5881},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5884,1660,5885,5887],{},[15,5886,4753],{}," when you want to:",[33,5889,5890,5893,5896],{},[36,5891,5892],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,5894,5895],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,5897,5898],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5900,5901],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[56,5903,5905],{"className":58,"code":5904,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5906,5907,5932,5936,5946,5950,5964,5983,5994,6000,6005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5908,5909,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5927,5930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5910,3185],{"class":71},[65,5912,76],{"class":75},[65,5914,1339],{"class":79},[65,5916,84],{"class":83},[65,5918,87],{"class":79},[65,5920,95],{"class":83},[65,5922,87],{"class":79},[65,5924,121],{"class":83},[65,5926,87],{"class":79},[65,5928,5929],{"class":83}," 8",[65,5931,1352],{"class":79},[65,5933,5934],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,5935,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,5937,5938,5941,5943],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,5939,5940],{"class":71},"found_even ",[65,5942,76],{"class":75},[65,5944,5945],{"class":3419}," False\n",[65,5947,5948],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5949,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,5951,5952,5954,5957,5959,5961],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,5953,5527],{"class":3444},[65,5955,5956],{"class":71}," number ",[65,5958,3451],{"class":3444},[65,5960,3833],{"class":71},[65,5962,5963],{"class":79},":\n",[65,5965,5966,5969,5971,5974,5976,5979,5981],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,5967,5968],{"class":3444},"    if",[65,5970,5956],{"class":71},[65,5972,5973],{"class":75},"%",[65,5975,90],{"class":83},[65,5977,5978],{"class":75}," ==",[65,5980,3400],{"class":83},[65,5982,5963],{"class":79},[65,5984,5986,5989,5991],{"class":67,"line":5985},7,[65,5987,5988],{"class":71},"        found_even ",[65,5990,76],{"class":75},[65,5992,5993],{"class":3419}," True\n",[65,5995,5997],{"class":67,"line":5996},8,[65,5998,5999],{"class":3444},"        break\n",[65,6001,6003],{"class":67,"line":6002},9,[65,6004,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,6006,6008,6010,6012,6015],{"class":67,"line":6007},10,[65,6009,164],{"class":163},[65,6011,151],{"class":79},[65,6013,6014],{"class":147},"found_even",[65,6016,157],{"class":79},[20,6018,6019],{},"You can write:",[56,6021,6023],{"className":58,"code":6022,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6024,6025,6049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6026,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6028,3185],{"class":71},[65,6030,76],{"class":75},[65,6032,1339],{"class":79},[65,6034,84],{"class":83},[65,6036,87],{"class":79},[65,6038,95],{"class":83},[65,6040,87],{"class":79},[65,6042,121],{"class":83},[65,6044,87],{"class":79},[65,6046,5929],{"class":83},[65,6048,1352],{"class":79},[65,6050,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6052,164],{"class":163},[65,6054,151],{"class":79},[65,6056,4923],{"class":163},[65,6058,151],{"class":79},[65,6060,1785],{"class":147},[65,6062,5973],{"class":75},[65,6064,90],{"class":83},[65,6066,5978],{"class":75},[65,6068,3400],{"class":83},[65,6070,3445],{"class":3444},[65,6072,5956],{"class":147},[65,6074,3451],{"class":3444},[65,6076,3833],{"class":147},[65,6078,1028],{"class":79},[20,6080,6081,6082,6084],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6083,4753],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[51,6086,1109],{"id":1108},[20,6088,6089,6090,144],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6091,4753],{},[1286,6093,6095],{"id":6094},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6097,4094],{},[56,6099,6101],{"className":58,"code":6100,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6102,6103],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6104,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6106,164],{"class":163},[65,6108,151],{"class":79},[65,6110,4923],{"class":163},[65,6112,151],{"class":79},[65,6114,1705],{"class":83},[65,6116,1028],{"class":79},[20,6118,6119,6120,6122],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6121,1705],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6124,6125],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[56,6127,6129],{"className":58,"code":6128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6130,6131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6132,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6134,164],{"class":163},[65,6136,151],{"class":79},[65,6138,4923],{"class":163},[65,6140,2552],{"class":79},[65,6142,1705],{"class":83},[65,6144,2565],{"class":79},[1286,6146,6148],{"id":6147},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6150,6151,6153,6154,6157],{},[15,6152,4753],{}," needs only ",[43,6155,6156],{},"one"," truthy item.",[56,6159,6161],{"className":58,"code":6160,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6162,6163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6164,6165,6167,6169,6171,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6166,164],{"class":163},[65,6168,151],{"class":79},[65,6170,4923],{"class":163},[65,6172,2552],{"class":79},[65,6174,3240],{"class":3419},[65,6176,87],{"class":79},[65,6178,3476],{"class":3419},[65,6180,87],{"class":79},[65,6182,3485],{"class":3419},[65,6184,2565],{"class":79},[20,6186,350],{},[56,6188,6189],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6190,6191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6192,6193],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6194,3549],{"class":3419},[20,6196,6197,6198,6202],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[210,6199,6200],{"href":4994},[15,6201,3146],{}," instead.",[1286,6204,6206],{"id":6205},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6208,6209,6210,144],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6211,6212],{},"\"True\"",[56,6214,6216],{"className":58,"code":6215,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6217,6218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6219,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6221,164],{"class":163},[65,6223,151],{"class":79},[65,6225,4923],{"class":163},[65,6227,2552],{"class":79},[65,6229,488],{"class":487},[65,6231,3240],{"class":491},[65,6233,488],{"class":487},[65,6235,2565],{"class":79},[20,6237,350],{},[56,6239,6240],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6241,6242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6243,6244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6245,3549],{"class":3419},[20,6247,6248,6249,6252],{},"That is because ",[15,6250,6251],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1286,6254,6256],{"id":6255},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6258,6259],{},"This works:",[56,6261,6263],{"className":58,"code":6262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6264,6265,6285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6266,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6268,3185],{"class":71},[65,6270,76],{"class":75},[65,6272,1339],{"class":79},[65,6274,84],{"class":83},[65,6276,87],{"class":79},[65,6278,90],{"class":83},[65,6280,87],{"class":79},[65,6282,95],{"class":83},[65,6284,1352],{"class":79},[65,6286,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6288,164],{"class":163},[65,6290,151],{"class":79},[65,6292,4923],{"class":163},[65,6294,2552],{"class":79},[65,6296,2591],{"class":147},[65,6298,3822],{"class":75},[65,6300,90],{"class":83},[65,6302,3445],{"class":3444},[65,6304,3448],{"class":147},[65,6306,3451],{"class":3444},[65,6308,3833],{"class":147},[65,6310,2565],{"class":79},[20,6312,6313],{},"But this is usually better:",[56,6315,6317],{"className":58,"code":6316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6318,6319,6339],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6320,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6322,3185],{"class":71},[65,6324,76],{"class":75},[65,6326,1339],{"class":79},[65,6328,84],{"class":83},[65,6330,87],{"class":79},[65,6332,90],{"class":83},[65,6334,87],{"class":79},[65,6336,95],{"class":83},[65,6338,1352],{"class":79},[65,6340,6341,6343,6345,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6342,164],{"class":163},[65,6344,151],{"class":79},[65,6346,4923],{"class":163},[65,6348,151],{"class":79},[65,6350,2591],{"class":147},[65,6352,3822],{"class":75},[65,6354,90],{"class":83},[65,6356,3445],{"class":3444},[65,6358,3448],{"class":147},[65,6360,3451],{"class":3444},[65,6362,3833],{"class":147},[65,6364,1028],{"class":79},[20,6366,6367],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[51,6369,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,6371,6373],{"id":6372},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6375,4717,6376,6378,6379,144],{},[15,6377,3172],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6380,3240],{},[1286,6382,6384],{"id":6383},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6386,6387,1965,6389,6391],{},[15,6388,4753],{},[15,6390,3240],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1286,6393,6395],{"id":6394},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6397,6398,6400,6401,6403],{},[15,6399,4753],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6402,3146],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1286,6405,6407],{"id":6406},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6409,6410],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[56,6412,6413],{"className":58,"code":5513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6414,6415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6416,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6418,4923],{"class":163},[65,6420,151],{"class":79},[65,6422,5524],{"class":147},[65,6424,5527],{"class":3444},[65,6426,5530],{"class":147},[65,6428,3451],{"class":3444},[65,6430,5535],{"class":147},[65,6432,157],{"class":79},[20,6434,405],{},[56,6436,6437],{"className":58,"code":6316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6438,6439,6459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6440,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6442,3185],{"class":71},[65,6444,76],{"class":75},[65,6446,1339],{"class":79},[65,6448,84],{"class":83},[65,6450,87],{"class":79},[65,6452,90],{"class":83},[65,6454,87],{"class":79},[65,6456,95],{"class":83},[65,6458,1352],{"class":79},[65,6460,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6462,164],{"class":163},[65,6464,151],{"class":79},[65,6466,4923],{"class":163},[65,6468,151],{"class":79},[65,6470,2591],{"class":147},[65,6472,3822],{"class":75},[65,6474,90],{"class":83},[65,6476,3445],{"class":3444},[65,6478,3448],{"class":147},[65,6480,3451],{"class":3444},[65,6482,3833],{"class":147},[65,6484,1028],{"class":79},[51,6486,1455],{"id":1454},[33,6488,6489,6495,6499,6503,6508],{},[36,6490,6491],{},[210,6492,6493,3076],{"href":4994},[15,6494,3146],{},[36,6496,6497],{},[210,6498,3373],{"href":5346},[36,6500,6501],{},[210,6502,4785],{"href":5155},[36,6504,6505],{},[210,6506,6507],{"href":5767},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6509,6510],{},[210,6511,6512,3076],{"href":5349},[15,6513,3379],{},[1499,6515,6516],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":6518},[6519,6520,6521,6522,6523,6524,6525,6526,6532,6538],{"id":4944,"depth":101,"text":4945},{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000},{"id":3294,"depth":101,"text":3295},{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":5498,"depth":101,"text":5499},{"id":5771,"depth":101,"text":5772},{"id":5881,"depth":101,"text":5882},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":6527},[6528,6529,6530,6531],{"id":6094,"depth":126,"text":6095},{"id":6147,"depth":126,"text":6148},{"id":6205,"depth":126,"text":6206},{"id":6255,"depth":126,"text":6256},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":6533},[6534,6535,6536,6537],{"id":6372,"depth":126,"text":6373},{"id":6383,"depth":126,"text":6384},{"id":6394,"depth":126,"text":6395},{"id":6406,"depth":126,"text":6407},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4848,"description":6539},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6545,"title":6546,"body":6547,"description":8682,"extension":1528,"meta":8683,"navigation":129,"path":8684,"seo":8685,"stem":8686,"__hash__":8687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6548,"toc":8645},[6549,6552,6561,6571,6573,6670,6672,6701,6717,6721,6726,6729,6739,6745,6751,6767,6769,6777,6784,6788,6791,6806,6811,6829,6834,6836,6884,6886,6903,6907,6913,6916,6951,6953,7059,7061,7098,7102,7110,7112,7132,7134,7255,7257,7286,7289,7312,7314,7322,7330,7334,7340,7344,7387,7389,7397,7400,7428,7430,7438,7442,7471,7473,7481,7513,7515,7523,7527,7578,7580,7588,7596,7600,7603,7656,7658,7679,7686,7690,7696,7699,7707,7729,7731,7739,7747,7770,7772,7780,7785,7790,7802,7804,7845,7856,7860,7869,7872,7875,7934,7937,7989,7992,7998,8014,8020,8022,8027,8036,8039,8061,8063,8071,8076,8079,8114,8116,8124,8128,8133,8171,8183,8186,8240,8248,8252,8255,8277,8286,8289,8330,8332,8355,8361,8367,8382,8384,8404,8407,8426,8428,8447,8451,8457,8536,8539,8553,8560,8562,8566,8573,8577,8581,8585,8590,8594,8599,8603,8610,8612,8642],[10,6550,6546],{"id":6551},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6553,1545,6554,6556,6557,214,6559,144],{},[15,6555,3379],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6558,3172],{},[15,6560,3240],{},[20,6562,6563,6564,6566,6567,6570],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6565,3379],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6568,6569],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[51,6572,54],{"id":53},[56,6574,6576],{"className":58,"code":6575,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6577,6578,6592,6606,6620,6638,6648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6579,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6581,164],{"class":163},[65,6583,151],{"class":79},[65,6585,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6587,151],{"class":79},[65,6589,1688],{"class":83},[65,6591,1028],{"class":79},[65,6593,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6595,164],{"class":163},[65,6597,151],{"class":79},[65,6599,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6601,151],{"class":79},[65,6603,84],{"class":83},[65,6605,1028],{"class":79},[65,6607,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,6609,164],{"class":163},[65,6611,151],{"class":79},[65,6613,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6615,151],{"class":79},[65,6617,5842],{"class":487},[65,6619,1028],{"class":79},[65,6621,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6623,164],{"class":163},[65,6625,151],{"class":79},[65,6627,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6629,151],{"class":79},[65,6631,488],{"class":487},[65,6633,3412],{"class":491},[65,6635,488],{"class":487},[65,6637,1028],{"class":79},[65,6639,6640,6642,6644,6646],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,6641,164],{"class":163},[65,6643,151],{"class":79},[65,6645,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6647,3998],{"class":79},[65,6649,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,6651,164],{"class":163},[65,6653,151],{"class":79},[65,6655,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6657,2552],{"class":79},[65,6659,84],{"class":83},[65,6661,87],{"class":79},[65,6663,90],{"class":83},[65,6665,87],{"class":79},[65,6667,95],{"class":83},[65,6669,2565],{"class":79},[20,6671,5128],{},[56,6673,6675],{"className":58,"code":6674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6676,6677,6681,6685,6689,6693,6697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6678,6679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6680,3610],{"class":3419},[65,6682,6683],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6684,3549],{"class":3419},[65,6686,6687],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,6688,3610],{"class":3419},[65,6690,6691],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6692,3549],{"class":3419},[65,6694,6695],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,6696,3610],{"class":3419},[65,6698,6699],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,6700,3549],{"class":3419},[20,6702,1660,6703,6706,6707,214,6709,6711,6712,6714,6715,144],{},[15,6704,6705],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6708,3172],{},[15,6710,3240],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6713,3240],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6716,3172],{},[51,6718,6720],{"id":6719},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6722,6723,6725],{},[15,6724,3379],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6727,6728],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,6730,6731,6735],{},[36,6732,6733],{},[15,6734,3172],{},[36,6736,6737],{},[15,6738,3240],{},[20,6740,6741,6742,6744],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6743,6569],{}," statements.",[20,6746,6747,6748,6750],{},"You can also call ",[15,6749,3379],{}," with no argument:",[56,6752,6754],{"className":58,"code":6753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool())\n",[15,6755,6756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6757,6758,6760,6762,6764],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6759,164],{"class":163},[65,6761,151],{"class":79},[65,6763,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6765,6766],{"class":79},"())\n",[20,6768,350],{},[56,6770,6771],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6772,6773],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6774,6775],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6776,3610],{"class":3419},[20,6778,6779,6780,144],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[210,6781,6783],{"href":6782},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[51,6785,6787],{"id":6786},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6789,6790],{},"The basic syntax is:",[56,6792,6794],{"className":58,"code":6793,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bool(value)\n",[15,6795,6796],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6797,6798,6800,6802,6804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6799,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6801,151],{"class":79},[65,6803,2040],{"class":147},[65,6805,157],{"class":79},[20,6807,1545,6808,6810],{},[15,6809,2040],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,6812,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6824,6826],{},[36,6814,3215],{},[36,6816,4878],{},[36,6818,4869],{},[36,6820,4872],{},[36,6822,6823],{},"dictionaries",[36,6825,4875],{},[36,6827,6828],{},"other objects",[20,6830,6831,6832,144],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6833,3240],{},[20,6835,267],{},[56,6837,6839],{"className":58,"code":6838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6840,6841,6855,6874],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6842,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6844,164],{"class":163},[65,6846,151],{"class":79},[65,6848,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6850,151],{"class":79},[65,6852,1898],{"class":83},[65,6854,1028],{"class":79},[65,6856,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6870,6872],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6858,164],{"class":163},[65,6860,151],{"class":79},[65,6862,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6864,151],{"class":79},[65,6866,488],{"class":487},[65,6868,6869],{"class":491},"Python",[65,6871,488],{"class":487},[65,6873,1028],{"class":79},[65,6875,6876,6878,6880,6882],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,6877,164],{"class":163},[65,6879,151],{"class":79},[65,6881,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6883,6766],{"class":79},[20,6885,350],{},[56,6887,6889],{"className":58,"code":6888,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6890,6891,6895,6899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6892,6893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6894,3549],{"class":3419},[65,6896,6897],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6898,3549],{"class":3419},[65,6900,6901],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,6902,3610],{"class":3419},[51,6904,6906],{"id":6905},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6908,6909,6910,6912],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[43,6911,5165],{}," values.",[20,6914,6915],{},"Common examples:",[33,6917,6918,6922,6926,6930,6934,6939,6943,6947],{},[36,6919,6920],{},[15,6921,1688],{},[36,6923,6924],{},[15,6925,3334],{},[36,6927,6928],{},[15,6929,5842],{},[36,6931,6932],{},[15,6933,3353],{},[36,6935,6936],{},[15,6937,6938],{},"()",[36,6940,6941],{},[15,6942,3358],{},[36,6944,6945],{},[15,6946,3363],{},[36,6948,6949],{},[15,6950,3344],{},[20,6952,267],{},[56,6954,6956],{"className":58,"code":6955,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6957,6958,6972,6986,7000,7010,7020,7031,7045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6959,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6961,164],{"class":163},[65,6963,151],{"class":79},[65,6965,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6967,151],{"class":79},[65,6969,1688],{"class":83},[65,6971,1028],{"class":79},[65,6973,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,6975,164],{"class":163},[65,6977,151],{"class":79},[65,6979,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6981,151],{"class":79},[65,6983,3334],{"class":83},[65,6985,1028],{"class":79},[65,6987,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,6989,164],{"class":163},[65,6991,151],{"class":79},[65,6993,3435],{"class":1259},[65,6995,151],{"class":79},[65,6997,5842],{"class":487},[65,6999,1028],{"class":79},[65,7001,7002,7004,7006,7008],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7003,164],{"class":163},[65,7005,151],{"class":79},[65,7007,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7009,3998],{"class":79},[65,7011,7012,7014,7016,7018],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,7013,164],{"class":163},[65,7015,151],{"class":79},[65,7017,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7019,4056],{"class":79},[65,7021,7022,7024,7026,7028],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,7023,164],{"class":163},[65,7025,151],{"class":79},[65,7027,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7029,7030],{"class":79},"({}))\n",[65,7032,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,7034,164],{"class":163},[65,7036,151],{"class":79},[65,7038,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7040,151],{"class":79},[65,7042,1401],{"class":1259},[65,7044,5859],{"class":79},[65,7046,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,7048,164],{"class":163},[65,7050,151],{"class":79},[65,7052,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7054,151],{"class":79},[65,7056,3344],{"class":3419},[65,7058,1028],{"class":79},[20,7060,350],{},[56,7062,7064],{"className":58,"code":7063,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7065,7066,7070,7074,7078,7082,7086,7090,7094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7067,7068],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7069,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7071,7072],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7073,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7075,7076],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7077,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7079,7080],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7081,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7083,7084],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,7085,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7087,7088],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,7089,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7091,7092],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,7093,3610],{"class":3419},[65,7095,7096],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,7097,3610],{"class":3419},[51,7099,7101],{"id":7100},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7103,7104,7105,7107,7108,6912],{},"Many values become ",[15,7106,3172],{},". These are often called ",[43,7109,5162],{},[20,7111,6915],{},[33,7113,7114,7117,7120,7123,7126,7129],{},[36,7115,7116],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,7118,7119],{},"non-empty strings",[36,7121,7122],{},"non-empty lists",[36,7124,7125],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,7127,7128],{},"non-empty sets",[36,7130,7131],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7133,267],{},[56,7135,7137],{"className":58,"code":7136,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7138,7139,7153,7169,7187,7209,7227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7140,7141,7143,7145,7147,7149,7151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7142,164],{"class":163},[65,7144,151],{"class":79},[65,7146,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7148,151],{"class":79},[65,7150,1705],{"class":83},[65,7152,1028],{"class":79},[65,7154,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7156,164],{"class":163},[65,7158,151],{"class":79},[65,7160,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7162,151],{"class":79},[65,7164,1589],{"class":75},[65,7166,1624],{"class":83},[65,7168,1028],{"class":79},[65,7170,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7172,164],{"class":163},[65,7174,151],{"class":79},[65,7176,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7178,151],{"class":79},[65,7180,488],{"class":487},[65,7182,3412],{"class":491},[65,7184,488],{"class":487},[65,7186,1028],{"class":79},[65,7188,7189,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7190,164],{"class":163},[65,7192,151],{"class":79},[65,7194,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7196,2552],{"class":79},[65,7198,84],{"class":83},[65,7200,87],{"class":79},[65,7202,90],{"class":83},[65,7204,87],{"class":79},[65,7206,95],{"class":83},[65,7208,2565],{"class":79},[65,7210,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,7212,164],{"class":163},[65,7214,151],{"class":79},[65,7216,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7218,5079],{"class":79},[65,7220,84],{"class":83},[65,7222,87],{"class":79},[65,7224,90],{"class":83},[65,7226,2478],{"class":79},[65,7228,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7242,7244,7246,7248,7251,7253],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,7230,164],{"class":163},[65,7232,151],{"class":79},[65,7234,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7236,5098],{"class":79},[65,7238,488],{"class":487},[65,7240,7241],{"class":491},"name",[65,7243,488],{"class":487},[65,7245,191],{"class":79},[65,7247,499],{"class":487},[65,7249,7250],{"class":491},"Sam",[65,7252,488],{"class":487},[65,7254,5107],{"class":79},[20,7256,350],{},[56,7258,7260],{"className":58,"code":7259,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7261,7262,7266,7270,7274,7278,7282],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7263,7264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7265,3549],{"class":3419},[65,7267,7268],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7269,3549],{"class":3419},[65,7271,7272],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7273,3549],{"class":3419},[65,7275,7276],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7277,3549],{"class":3419},[65,7279,7280],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,7281,3549],{"class":3419},[65,7283,7284],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,7285,3549],{"class":3419},[20,7287,7288],{},"One important example is this:",[56,7290,7292],{"className":58,"code":7291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7293,7294],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7295,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7297,164],{"class":163},[65,7299,151],{"class":79},[65,7301,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7303,151],{"class":79},[65,7305,488],{"class":487},[65,7307,3240],{"class":491},[65,7309,488],{"class":487},[65,7311,1028],{"class":79},[20,7313,350],{},[56,7315,7316],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7317,7318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7319,7320],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7321,3549],{"class":3419},[20,7323,7324,7325,7327,7328,144],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7326,6251],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7329,3172],{},[51,7331,7333],{"id":7332},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7335,7336,7337,7339],{},"You can use ",[15,7338,3379],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1286,7341,7343],{"id":7342},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[56,7345,7347],{"className":58,"code":7346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7348,7349,7372],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7350,7351,7354,7356,7358,7360,7362,7365,7367,7370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7352,7353],{"class":71},"items ",[65,7355,76],{"class":75},[65,7357,1339],{"class":79},[65,7359,1898],{"class":83},[65,7361,87],{"class":79},[65,7363,7364],{"class":83}," 20",[65,7366,87],{"class":79},[65,7368,7369],{"class":83}," 30",[65,7371,1352],{"class":79},[65,7373,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382,7385],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7375,164],{"class":163},[65,7377,151],{"class":79},[65,7379,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7381,151],{"class":79},[65,7383,7384],{"class":147},"items",[65,7386,1028],{"class":79},[20,7388,350],{},[56,7390,7391],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7392,7393],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7394,7395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7396,3549],{"class":3419},[20,7398,7399],{},"With an empty list:",[56,7401,7403],{"className":58,"code":7402,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7404,7405,7414],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7406,7407,7409,7411],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7408,7353],{"class":71},[65,7410,76],{"class":75},[65,7412,7413],{"class":79}," []\n",[65,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7417,164],{"class":163},[65,7419,151],{"class":79},[65,7421,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7423,151],{"class":79},[65,7425,7384],{"class":147},[65,7427,1028],{"class":79},[20,7429,350],{},[56,7431,7432],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7433,7434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7435,7436],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7437,3610],{"class":3419},[1286,7439,7441],{"id":7440},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[56,7443,7445],{"className":58,"code":7444,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7446,7447,7457],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7448,7449,7452,7454],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7450,7451],{"class":71},"name ",[65,7453,76],{"class":75},[65,7455,7456],{"class":487}," \"\"\n",[65,7458,7459,7461,7463,7465,7467,7469],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7460,164],{"class":163},[65,7462,151],{"class":79},[65,7464,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7466,151],{"class":79},[65,7468,7241],{"class":147},[65,7470,1028],{"class":79},[20,7472,350],{},[56,7474,7475],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7476,7477],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7478,7479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7480,3610],{"class":3419},[56,7482,7484],{"className":58,"code":7483,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7485,7486,7499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7487,7488,7490,7492,7494,7497],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7489,7451],{"class":71},[65,7491,76],{"class":75},[65,7493,499],{"class":487},[65,7495,7496],{"class":491},"Mia",[65,7498,2925],{"class":487},[65,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7502,164],{"class":163},[65,7504,151],{"class":79},[65,7506,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7508,151],{"class":79},[65,7510,7241],{"class":147},[65,7512,1028],{"class":79},[20,7514,350],{},[56,7516,7517],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7518,7519],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7520,7521],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7522,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,7524,7526],{"id":7525},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[56,7528,7530],{"className":58,"code":7529,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7531,7532,7546,7563,7567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7533,7534,7537,7539,7541,7544],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7535,7536],{"class":71},"username ",[65,7538,76],{"class":75},[65,7540,499],{"class":487},[65,7542,7543],{"class":491},"alex",[65,7545,2925],{"class":487},[65,7547,7548,7551,7553,7556,7558,7561],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7549,7550],{"class":71},"has_name ",[65,7552,76],{"class":75},[65,7554,7555],{"class":1259}," bool",[65,7557,151],{"class":79},[65,7559,7560],{"class":147},"username",[65,7562,157],{"class":79},[65,7564,7565],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7566,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,7568,7569,7571,7573,7576],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7570,164],{"class":163},[65,7572,151],{"class":79},[65,7574,7575],{"class":147},"has_name",[65,7577,157],{"class":79},[20,7579,350],{},[56,7581,7582],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7583,7584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7585,7586],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7587,3549],{"class":3419},[20,7589,7590,7591,214,7593,7595],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7592,3172],{},[15,7594,3240],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1286,7597,7599],{"id":7598},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7601,7602],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[56,7604,7606],{"className":58,"code":7605,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7607,7608,7628,7632,7640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7609,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7611,3185],{"class":71},[65,7613,76],{"class":75},[65,7615,1339],{"class":79},[65,7617,84],{"class":83},[65,7619,87],{"class":79},[65,7621,90],{"class":83},[65,7623,87],{"class":79},[65,7625,95],{"class":83},[65,7627,1352],{"class":79},[65,7629,7630],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7631,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,7633,7634,7636,7638],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7635,6569],{"class":3444},[65,7637,3833],{"class":71},[65,7639,5963],{"class":79},[65,7641,7642,7645,7647,7649,7652,7654],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7643,7644],{"class":163},"    print",[65,7646,151],{"class":79},[65,7648,488],{"class":487},[65,7650,7651],{"class":491},"The list is not empty",[65,7653,488],{"class":487},[65,7655,157],{"class":79},[20,7657,350],{},[56,7659,7661],{"className":58,"code":7660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7662,7663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7664,7665,7667,7670,7673,7676],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7666,1545],{"class":71},[65,7668,7669],{"class":1259},"list",[65,7671,7672],{"class":75}," is",[65,7674,7675],{"class":75}," not",[65,7677,7678],{"class":71}," empty\n",[20,7680,7681,7682,144],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[210,7683,7685],{"href":7684},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[51,7687,7689],{"id":7688},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7691,7692,7693,7695],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7694,3379],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7697,7698],{},"It does not do that.",[1286,7700,7702,1965,7705],{"id":7701},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7703,7704],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7706,3172],{},[56,7708,7709],{"className":58,"code":7291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7710,7711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7712,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721,7723,7725,7727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7714,164],{"class":163},[65,7716,151],{"class":79},[65,7718,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7720,151],{"class":79},[65,7722,488],{"class":487},[65,7724,3240],{"class":491},[65,7726,488],{"class":487},[65,7728,1028],{"class":79},[20,7730,350],{},[56,7732,7733],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7734,7735],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7736,7737],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7738,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,7740,7742,1965,7745],{"id":7741},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7743,7744],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7746,3172],{},[56,7748,7750],{"className":58,"code":7749,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7751,7752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7753,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7755,164],{"class":163},[65,7757,151],{"class":79},[65,7759,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7761,151],{"class":79},[65,7763,488],{"class":487},[65,7765,1688],{"class":491},[65,7767,488],{"class":487},[65,7769,1028],{"class":79},[20,7771,350],{},[56,7773,7774],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7775,7776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7777,7778],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7779,3549],{"class":3419},[20,7781,7782,7783,144],{},"This happens because both values are ",[43,7784,7119],{},[20,7786,7787,7789],{},[15,7788,3379],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7791,7792,7793,7798,7799,7801],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[210,7794,7796],{"href":7795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7797,2524],{},", because ",[15,7800,2524],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7803,267],{},[56,7805,7807],{"className":58,"code":7806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7808,7809,7830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7810,7811,7814,7816,7819,7821,7823,7826,7828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7812,7813],{"class":71},"user_value ",[65,7815,76],{"class":75},[65,7817,7818],{"class":163}," input",[65,7820,151],{"class":79},[65,7822,488],{"class":487},[65,7824,7825],{"class":491},"Enter True or False: ",[65,7827,488],{"class":487},[65,7829,157],{"class":79},[65,7831,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7833,164],{"class":163},[65,7835,151],{"class":79},[65,7837,3435],{"class":1259},[65,7839,151],{"class":79},[65,7841,7842],{"class":147},"user_value",[65,7844,1028],{"class":79},[20,7846,7847,7848,7850,7851,7798,7853,7855],{},"If the user types ",[15,7849,3240],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7852,3172],{},[15,7854,6251],{}," is not empty.",[51,7857,7859],{"id":7858},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7861,7862,7863,7865,7866,7868],{},"In many ",[15,7864,6569],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7867,3379],{}," yourself.",[20,7870,7871],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7873,7874],{},"Instead of this:",[56,7876,7878],{"className":58,"code":7877,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7879,7880,7901,7905,7919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7881,7882,7885,7887,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7883,7884],{"class":71},"my_list ",[65,7886,76],{"class":75},[65,7888,1339],{"class":79},[65,7890,84],{"class":83},[65,7892,87],{"class":79},[65,7894,90],{"class":83},[65,7896,87],{"class":79},[65,7898,95],{"class":83},[65,7900,1352],{"class":79},[65,7902,7903],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7904,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,7906,7907,7909,7911,7913,7916],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7908,6569],{"class":3444},[65,7910,7555],{"class":1259},[65,7912,151],{"class":79},[65,7914,7915],{"class":147},"my_list",[65,7917,7918],{"class":79},"):\n",[65,7920,7921,7923,7925,7927,7930,7932],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7922,7644],{"class":163},[65,7924,151],{"class":79},[65,7926,488],{"class":487},[65,7928,7929],{"class":491},"List has items",[65,7931,488],{"class":487},[65,7933,157],{"class":79},[20,7935,7936],{},"You can simply write:",[56,7938,7940],{"className":58,"code":7939,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7941,7942,7962,7966,7975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7943,7944,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7945,7884],{"class":71},[65,7947,76],{"class":75},[65,7949,1339],{"class":79},[65,7951,84],{"class":83},[65,7953,87],{"class":79},[65,7955,90],{"class":83},[65,7957,87],{"class":79},[65,7959,95],{"class":83},[65,7961,1352],{"class":79},[65,7963,7964],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,7965,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,7967,7968,7970,7973],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,7969,6569],{"class":3444},[65,7971,7972],{"class":71}," my_list",[65,7974,5963],{"class":79},[65,7976,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7978,7644],{"class":163},[65,7980,151],{"class":79},[65,7982,488],{"class":487},[65,7984,7929],{"class":491},[65,7986,488],{"class":487},[65,7988,157],{"class":79},[20,7990,7991],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7993,7994,7995,7997],{},"Using ",[15,7996,3379],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,7999,8000,8003,8011],{},[36,8001,8002],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,8004,8005,8006,214,8008,8010],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8007,3172],{},[15,8009,3240],{}," value",[36,8012,8013],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8015,8016,8017,144],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[210,8018,8019],{"href":1866},"Python type() function explained",[51,8021,2396],{"id":2395},[20,8023,8024,8025,144],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8026,3379],{},[1286,8028,8030,8031,8033,8034],{"id":8029},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8032,7704],{}," to return ",[15,8035,3240],{},[20,8037,8038],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[56,8040,8041],{"className":58,"code":7291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8042,8043],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8044,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057,8059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8046,164],{"class":163},[65,8048,151],{"class":79},[65,8050,3435],{"class":1259},[65,8052,151],{"class":79},[65,8054,488],{"class":487},[65,8056,3240],{"class":491},[65,8058,488],{"class":487},[65,8060,1028],{"class":79},[20,8062,350],{},[56,8064,8065],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8066,8067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8068,8069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8070,3549],{"class":3419},[20,8072,8073,8074,6252],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8075,6251],{},[20,8077,8078],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[56,8080,8082],{"className":58,"code":8081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8083,8084,8096],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8085,8086,8088,8090,8092,8094],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8087,2015],{"class":71},[65,8089,76],{"class":75},[65,8091,499],{"class":487},[65,8093,3240],{"class":491},[65,8095,2925],{"class":487},[65,8097,8098,8100,8102,8104,8106,8108,8110,8112],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8099,164],{"class":163},[65,8101,151],{"class":79},[65,8103,2015],{"class":147},[65,8105,4256],{"class":75},[65,8107,499],{"class":487},[65,8109,3172],{"class":491},[65,8111,488],{"class":487},[65,8113,157],{"class":79},[20,8115,350],{},[56,8117,8118],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8119,8120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8121,8122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8123,3610],{"class":3419},[1286,8125,8127],{"id":8126},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8129,8130,8132],{},[15,8131,2524],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[56,8134,8136],{"className":58,"code":8135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8137,8138,8157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8139,8140,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8153,8155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8141,2015],{"class":71},[65,8143,76],{"class":75},[65,8145,7818],{"class":163},[65,8147,151],{"class":79},[65,8149,488],{"class":487},[65,8151,8152],{"class":491},"Enter yes or no: ",[65,8154,488],{"class":487},[65,8156,157],{"class":79},[65,8158,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8160,164],{"class":163},[65,8162,151],{"class":79},[65,8164,3435],{"class":1259},[65,8166,151],{"class":79},[65,8168,2040],{"class":147},[65,8170,1028],{"class":79},[20,8172,7847,8173,8176,8177,8179,8180,7855],{},[15,8174,8175],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8178,3172],{}," because ",[15,8181,8182],{},"\"no\"",[20,8184,8185],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[56,8187,8189],{"className":58,"code":8188,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8190,8191,8221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8192,8193,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209,8212,8215,8218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8194,2015],{"class":71},[65,8196,76],{"class":75},[65,8198,7818],{"class":163},[65,8200,151],{"class":79},[65,8202,488],{"class":487},[65,8204,8152],{"class":491},[65,8206,488],{"class":487},[65,8208,1394],{"class":79},[65,8210,8211],{"class":147},"strip",[65,8213,8214],{"class":79},"().",[65,8216,8217],{"class":147},"lower",[65,8219,8220],{"class":79},"()\n",[65,8222,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233,8236,8238],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8224,164],{"class":163},[65,8226,151],{"class":79},[65,8228,2015],{"class":147},[65,8230,4256],{"class":75},[65,8232,499],{"class":487},[65,8234,8235],{"class":491},"yes",[65,8237,488],{"class":487},[65,8239,157],{"class":79},[20,8241,8242,8243,8245,8246,144],{},"This gives ",[15,8244,3172],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8247,8235],{},[1286,8249,8251],{"id":8250},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8253,8254],{},"These are different:",[33,8256,8257,8261,8265,8269,8273],{},[36,8258,8259],{},[15,8260,3240],{},[36,8262,8263],{},[15,8264,1688],{},[36,8266,8267],{},[15,8268,5842],{},[36,8270,8271],{},[15,8272,3353],{},[36,8274,8275],{},[15,8276,3344],{},[20,8278,8279,8280,8282,8283,8285],{},"They all become ",[15,8281,3240],{}," with ",[15,8284,3379],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8287,8288],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[56,8290,8292],{"className":58,"code":8291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8293,8294,8302,8316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8295,8296,8298,8300],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8297,2015],{"class":71},[65,8299,76],{"class":75},[65,8301,7413],{"class":79},[65,8303,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8305,164],{"class":163},[65,8307,151],{"class":79},[65,8309,1260],{"class":1259},[65,8311,151],{"class":79},[65,8313,2040],{"class":147},[65,8315,1028],{"class":79},[65,8317,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,8319,164],{"class":163},[65,8321,151],{"class":79},[65,8323,3435],{"class":1259},[65,8325,151],{"class":79},[65,8327,2040],{"class":147},[65,8329,1028],{"class":79},[20,8331,350],{},[56,8333,8335],{"className":58,"code":8334,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8336,8337,8351],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8338,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8340,2857],{"class":75},[65,8342,2860],{"class":1632},[65,8344,603],{"class":487},[65,8346,7669],{"class":491},[65,8348,594],{"class":487},[65,8350,2869],{"class":75},[65,8352,8353],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8354,3610],{"class":3419},[1286,8356,7994,8358,8360],{"id":8357},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8359,3358],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8362,8363,8364,8366],{},"In Python, ",[15,8365,3358],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[56,8368,8370],{"className":58,"code":8369,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8371,8372],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8375,164],{"class":163},[65,8377,151],{"class":79},[65,8379,1260],{"class":1259},[65,8381,7030],{"class":79},[20,8383,350],{},[56,8385,8387],{"className":58,"code":8386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8388,8389],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8390,8391,8393,8395,8397,8400,8402],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8392,2857],{"class":75},[65,8394,2860],{"class":1632},[65,8396,603],{"class":487},[65,8398,8399],{"class":491},"dict",[65,8401,594],{"class":487},[65,8403,2869],{"class":75},[20,8405,8406],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[56,8408,8410],{"className":58,"code":8409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8411,8412],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8413,8414,8416,8418,8420,8422,8424],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8415,164],{"class":163},[65,8417,151],{"class":79},[65,8419,1260],{"class":1259},[65,8421,151],{"class":79},[65,8423,1401],{"class":1259},[65,8425,5859],{"class":79},[20,8427,350],{},[56,8429,8431],{"className":58,"code":8430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8432,8433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8434,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8436,2857],{"class":75},[65,8438,2860],{"class":1632},[65,8440,603],{"class":487},[65,8442,1401],{"class":491},[65,8444,594],{"class":487},[65,8446,2869],{"class":75},[51,8448,8450],{"id":8449},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8452,8453,8454,8456],{},"If ",[15,8455,3379],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[56,8458,8460],{"className":58,"code":8459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8461,8462,8476,8490,8500,8518],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8463,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8465,164],{"class":163},[65,8467,151],{"class":79},[65,8469,3435],{"class":1259},[65,8471,151],{"class":79},[65,8473,2040],{"class":147},[65,8475,1028],{"class":79},[65,8477,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8479,164],{"class":163},[65,8481,151],{"class":79},[65,8483,1260],{"class":1259},[65,8485,151],{"class":79},[65,8487,2040],{"class":147},[65,8489,1028],{"class":79},[65,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,8493,164],{"class":163},[65,8495,151],{"class":79},[65,8497,2040],{"class":147},[65,8499,157],{"class":79},[65,8501,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8503,164],{"class":163},[65,8505,151],{"class":79},[65,8507,2015],{"class":147},[65,8509,4256],{"class":75},[65,8511,499],{"class":487},[65,8513,3172],{"class":491},[65,8515,488],{"class":487},[65,8517,157],{"class":79},[65,8519,8520,8522,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,8521,164],{"class":163},[65,8523,151],{"class":79},[65,8525,2040],{"class":147},[65,8527,144],{"class":79},[65,8529,8211],{"class":147},[65,8531,8214],{"class":79},[65,8533,8217],{"class":147},[65,8535,6766],{"class":79},[20,8537,8538],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,8540,8541,8544,8547,8550],{},[36,8542,8543],{},"what the value really is",[36,8545,8546],{},"whether it is a string",[36,8548,8549],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,8551,8552],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8554,8555,8556,144],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[210,8557,8559],{"href":8558},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[51,8561,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,8563,8565],{"id":8564},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8567,8568,8569,214,8571,144],{},"It returns either ",[15,8570,3172],{},[15,8572,3240],{},[1286,8574,8576],{"id":8575},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8578,4717,8579,144],{},[15,8580,3240],{},[1286,8582,8584],{"id":8583},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8586,8587,8588,144],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8589,3172],{},[1286,8591,8593],{"id":8592},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8595,8596,8597,144],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8598,3240],{},[1286,8600,8602],{"id":8601},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8604,8605,8606,214,8608,3303],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8607,3172],{},[15,8609,3240],{},[51,8611,1455],{"id":1454},[33,8613,8614,8619,8623,8628,8632,8637],{},[36,8615,8616],{},[210,8617,8618],{"href":5346},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,8620,8621],{},[210,8622,7685],{"href":7684},[36,8624,8625],{},[210,8626,8627],{"href":7795},"Python input() function explained",[36,8629,8630],{},[210,8631,8019],{"href":1866},[36,8633,8634],{},[210,8635,8636],{"href":8558},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,8638,8639],{},[210,8640,8641],{"href":6782},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1499,8643,8644],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":8646},[8647,8648,8649,8650,8651,8652,8658,8664,8665,8673,8674,8681],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":6719,"depth":101,"text":6720},{"id":6786,"depth":101,"text":6787},{"id":6905,"depth":101,"text":6906},{"id":7100,"depth":101,"text":7101},{"id":7332,"depth":101,"text":7333,"children":8653},[8654,8655,8656,8657],{"id":7342,"depth":126,"text":7343},{"id":7440,"depth":126,"text":7441},{"id":7525,"depth":126,"text":7526},{"id":7598,"depth":126,"text":7599},{"id":7688,"depth":101,"text":7689,"children":8659},[8660,8662],{"id":7701,"depth":126,"text":8661},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7741,"depth":126,"text":8663},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7858,"depth":101,"text":7859},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":8666},[8667,8669,8670,8671],{"id":8029,"depth":126,"text":8668},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8126,"depth":126,"text":8127},{"id":8250,"depth":126,"text":8251},{"id":8357,"depth":126,"text":8672},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8449,"depth":101,"text":8450},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":8675},[8676,8677,8678,8679,8680],{"id":8564,"depth":126,"text":8565},{"id":8575,"depth":126,"text":8576},{"id":8583,"depth":126,"text":8584},{"id":8592,"depth":126,"text":8593},{"id":8601,"depth":126,"text":8602},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6546,"description":8682},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8689,"title":8690,"body":8691,"description":10880,"extension":1528,"meta":10881,"navigation":129,"path":10882,"seo":10883,"stem":10884,"__hash__":10885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8692,"toc":10842},[8693,8699,8705,8712,8717,8728,8735,8844,8848,8915,8920,8925,8930,8933,8944,8949,8952,8963,8970,8972,8977,8981,9006,9010,9019,9023,9086,9090,9123,9127,9172,9176,9213,9217,9220,9276,9280,9326,9329,9334,9373,9377,9400,9403,9417,9429,9433,9438,9505,9509,9545,9548,9556,9559,9623,9627,9659,9665,9667,9727,9734,9737,9815,9819,9852,9856,9859,9903,9907,9943,9946,9963,9966,9969,10022,10025,10036,10043,10052,10055,10112,10116,10157,10164,10172,10178,10186,10198,10203,10214,10287,10290,10302,10317,10321,10326,10330,10332,10375,10381,10384,10447,10451,10454,10463,10468,10505,10509,10512,10520,10523,10562,10566,10569,10620,10624,10645,10652,10654,10659,10686,10689,10744,10747,10758,10760,10767,10775,10781,10786,10793,10796,10803,10810,10812,10839],[10,8694,3143,8696,3147],{"id":8695},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8697,8698],{},"dict()",[20,8700,8701,8702,8704],{},"The built-in ",[15,8703,8698],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8706,8707,8708,8711],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[43,8709,8710],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8713,8714,8716],{},[15,8715,8698],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,8718,8719,8722,8725],{},[36,8720,8721],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,8723,8724],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,8726,8727],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8729,8730,8731,144],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[210,8732,8734],{"href":8733},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[56,8736,8738],{"className":58,"code":8737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8739,8740,8775,8786,8790,8829],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8741,8742,8745,8747,8750,8752,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765,8768,8770,8773],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8743,8744],{"class":71},"data ",[65,8746,76],{"class":75},[65,8748,8749],{"class":1259}," dict",[65,8751,151],{"class":79},[65,8753,7241],{"class":8754},"s99_P",[65,8756,76],{"class":75},[65,8758,594],{"class":487},[65,8760,4572],{"class":491},[65,8762,594],{"class":487},[65,8764,87],{"class":79},[65,8766,8767],{"class":8754}," age",[65,8769,76],{"class":75},[65,8771,8772],{"class":83},"25",[65,8774,157],{"class":79},[65,8776,8777,8779,8781,8784],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8778,164],{"class":163},[65,8780,151],{"class":79},[65,8782,8783],{"class":147},"data",[65,8785,157],{"class":79},[65,8787,8788],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,8789,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,8791,8792,8795,8797,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8813,8816,8818,8820,8822,8824,8826],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8793,8794],{"class":71},"pairs ",[65,8796,76],{"class":75},[65,8798,8799],{"class":79}," [(",[65,8801,594],{"class":487},[65,8803,210],{"class":491},[65,8805,594],{"class":487},[65,8807,87],{"class":79},[65,8809,5066],{"class":83},[65,8811,8812],{"class":79},"),",[65,8814,8815],{"class":79}," (",[65,8817,594],{"class":487},[65,8819,154],{"class":491},[65,8821,594],{"class":487},[65,8823,87],{"class":79},[65,8825,90],{"class":83},[65,8827,8828],{"class":79},")]\n",[65,8830,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839,8842],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,8832,164],{"class":163},[65,8834,151],{"class":79},[65,8836,8399],{"class":1259},[65,8838,151],{"class":79},[65,8840,8841],{"class":147},"pairs",[65,8843,1028],{"class":79},[20,8845,8846],{},[43,8847,350],{},[56,8849,8851],{"className":58,"code":8850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8852,8853,8887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8854,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8878,8880,8882,8885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8856,360],{"class":79},[65,8858,594],{"class":487},[65,8860,7241],{"class":491},[65,8862,594],{"class":487},[65,8864,191],{"class":79},[65,8866,603],{"class":487},[65,8868,4572],{"class":491},[65,8870,594],{"class":487},[65,8872,87],{"class":79},[65,8874,603],{"class":487},[65,8876,8877],{"class":491},"age",[65,8879,594],{"class":487},[65,8881,191],{"class":79},[65,8883,8884],{"class":83}," 25",[65,8886,98],{"class":79},[65,8888,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8890,360],{"class":79},[65,8892,594],{"class":487},[65,8894,210],{"class":491},[65,8896,594],{"class":487},[65,8898,191],{"class":79},[65,8900,5066],{"class":83},[65,8902,87],{"class":79},[65,8904,603],{"class":487},[65,8906,154],{"class":491},[65,8908,594],{"class":487},[65,8910,191],{"class":79},[65,8912,90],{"class":83},[65,8914,98],{"class":79},[20,8916,1660,8917,8919],{},[15,8918,8698],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[51,8921,183,8923,186],{"id":8922},"what-dict-does",[15,8924,8698],{},[20,8926,8927,8929],{},[15,8928,8698],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8931,8932],{},"A dictionary:",[33,8934,8935,8938,8941],{},[36,8936,8937],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,8939,8940],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,8942,8943],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8945,8946,8948],{},[15,8947,8698],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8950,8951],{},"Common uses include:",[33,8953,8954,8957,8960],{},[36,8955,8956],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,8958,8959],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,8961,8962],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8964,8965,8966,144],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[210,8967,8969],{"href":8968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[51,8971,222],{"id":221},[20,8973,8974,8976],{},[15,8975,8698],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1286,8978,8980],{"id":8979},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[56,8982,8984],{"className":58,"code":8983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8985,8986,8996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8987,8988,8990,8992,8994],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8989,8744],{"class":71},[65,8991,76],{"class":75},[65,8993,8749],{"class":1259},[65,8995,8220],{"class":79},[65,8997,8998,9000,9002,9004],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,8999,164],{"class":163},[65,9001,151],{"class":79},[65,9003,8783],{"class":147},[65,9005,157],{"class":79},[20,9007,9008],{},[43,9009,350],{},[56,9011,9013],{"className":58,"code":9012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{}\n",[15,9014,9015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9016,9017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9018,9012],{"class":79},[1286,9020,9022],{"id":9021},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[56,9024,9026],{"className":58,"code":9025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9027,9028,9062,9076],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9029,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9031,8794],{"class":71},[65,9033,76],{"class":75},[65,9035,8799],{"class":79},[65,9037,594],{"class":487},[65,9039,210],{"class":491},[65,9041,594],{"class":487},[65,9043,87],{"class":79},[65,9045,5066],{"class":83},[65,9047,8812],{"class":79},[65,9049,8815],{"class":79},[65,9051,594],{"class":487},[65,9053,154],{"class":491},[65,9055,594],{"class":487},[65,9057,87],{"class":79},[65,9059,90],{"class":83},[65,9061,8828],{"class":79},[65,9063,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9065,8744],{"class":71},[65,9067,76],{"class":75},[65,9069,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9071,151],{"class":79},[65,9073,8841],{"class":147},[65,9075,157],{"class":79},[65,9077,9078,9080,9082,9084],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,9079,164],{"class":163},[65,9081,151],{"class":79},[65,9083,8783],{"class":147},[65,9085,157],{"class":79},[20,9087,9088],{},[43,9089,350],{},[56,9091,9093],{"className":58,"code":9092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9094,9095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9096,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9098,360],{"class":79},[65,9100,594],{"class":487},[65,9102,210],{"class":491},[65,9104,594],{"class":487},[65,9106,191],{"class":79},[65,9108,5066],{"class":83},[65,9110,87],{"class":79},[65,9112,603],{"class":487},[65,9114,154],{"class":491},[65,9116,594],{"class":487},[65,9118,191],{"class":79},[65,9120,90],{"class":83},[65,9122,98],{"class":79},[1286,9124,9126],{"id":9125},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[56,9128,9130],{"className":58,"code":9129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9131,9132,9162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9133,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9135,8744],{"class":71},[65,9137,76],{"class":75},[65,9139,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9141,151],{"class":79},[65,9143,7241],{"class":8754},[65,9145,76],{"class":75},[65,9147,594],{"class":487},[65,9149,4572],{"class":491},[65,9151,594],{"class":487},[65,9153,87],{"class":79},[65,9155,8767],{"class":8754},[65,9157,76],{"class":75},[65,9159,8772],{"class":83},[65,9161,157],{"class":79},[65,9163,9164,9166,9168,9170],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9165,164],{"class":163},[65,9167,151],{"class":79},[65,9169,8783],{"class":147},[65,9171,157],{"class":79},[20,9173,9174],{},[43,9175,350],{},[56,9177,9179],{"className":58,"code":9178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9180,9181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9182,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9184,360],{"class":79},[65,9186,594],{"class":487},[65,9188,7241],{"class":491},[65,9190,594],{"class":487},[65,9192,191],{"class":79},[65,9194,603],{"class":487},[65,9196,4572],{"class":491},[65,9198,594],{"class":487},[65,9200,87],{"class":79},[65,9202,603],{"class":487},[65,9204,8877],{"class":491},[65,9206,594],{"class":487},[65,9208,191],{"class":79},[65,9210,8884],{"class":83},[65,9212,98],{"class":79},[1286,9214,9216],{"id":9215},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9218,9219],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[56,9221,9223],{"className":58,"code":9222,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9224,9225,9266],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9226,9227,9229,9231,9233,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9260,9262,9264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9228,8744],{"class":71},[65,9230,76],{"class":75},[65,9232,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9234,9235],{"class":79},"([(",[65,9237,594],{"class":487},[65,9239,210],{"class":491},[65,9241,594],{"class":487},[65,9243,87],{"class":79},[65,9245,5066],{"class":83},[65,9247,9248],{"class":79},")],",[65,9250,2126],{"class":8754},[65,9252,76],{"class":75},[65,9254,1624],{"class":83},[65,9256,87],{"class":79},[65,9258,9259],{"class":8754}," c",[65,9261,76],{"class":75},[65,9263,111],{"class":83},[65,9265,157],{"class":79},[65,9267,9268,9270,9272,9274],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9269,164],{"class":163},[65,9271,151],{"class":79},[65,9273,8783],{"class":147},[65,9275,157],{"class":79},[20,9277,9278],{},[43,9279,350],{},[56,9281,9283],{"className":58,"code":9282,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9284,9285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9286,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315,9318,9320,9322,9324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9288,360],{"class":79},[65,9290,594],{"class":487},[65,9292,210],{"class":491},[65,9294,594],{"class":487},[65,9296,191],{"class":79},[65,9298,5066],{"class":83},[65,9300,87],{"class":79},[65,9302,603],{"class":487},[65,9304,154],{"class":491},[65,9306,594],{"class":487},[65,9308,191],{"class":79},[65,9310,90],{"class":83},[65,9312,87],{"class":79},[65,9314,603],{"class":487},[65,9316,9317],{"class":491},"c",[65,9319,594],{"class":487},[65,9321,191],{"class":79},[65,9323,95],{"class":83},[65,9325,98],{"class":79},[51,9327,8980],{"id":9328},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9330,1660,9331,9333],{},[15,9332,8698],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[56,9335,9337],{"className":58,"code":9336,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9338,9339,9349,9363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9342,8744],{"class":71},[65,9344,76],{"class":75},[65,9346,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9348,8220],{"class":79},[65,9350,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9352,164],{"class":163},[65,9354,151],{"class":79},[65,9356,1260],{"class":1259},[65,9358,151],{"class":79},[65,9360,8783],{"class":147},[65,9362,1028],{"class":79},[65,9364,9365,9367,9369,9371],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,9366,164],{"class":163},[65,9368,151],{"class":79},[65,9370,8783],{"class":147},[65,9372,157],{"class":79},[20,9374,9375],{},[43,9376,350],{},[56,9378,9380],{"className":58,"code":9379,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9381,9382,9396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9383,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9385,2857],{"class":75},[65,9387,2860],{"class":1632},[65,9389,603],{"class":487},[65,9391,8399],{"class":491},[65,9393,594],{"class":487},[65,9395,2869],{"class":75},[65,9397,9398],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9399,9012],{"class":79},[20,9401,9402],{},"This gives the same result as:",[56,9404,9406],{"className":58,"code":9405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n",[15,9407,9408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9409,9410,9412,9414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9411,8744],{"class":71},[65,9413,76],{"class":75},[65,9415,9416],{"class":79}," {}\n",[20,9418,9419,9420,9422,9423,9425,9426,9428],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9421,3358],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[1123,9424],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9427,8698],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[51,9430,9432],{"id":9431},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9434,9435,9436,144],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9437,8698],{},[56,9439,9441],{"className":58,"code":9440,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9442,9443,9481,9495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9444,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9446,8794],{"class":71},[65,9448,76],{"class":75},[65,9450,8799],{"class":79},[65,9452,594],{"class":487},[65,9454,7241],{"class":491},[65,9456,594],{"class":487},[65,9458,87],{"class":79},[65,9460,603],{"class":487},[65,9462,4572],{"class":491},[65,9464,594],{"class":487},[65,9466,8812],{"class":79},[65,9468,8815],{"class":79},[65,9470,594],{"class":487},[65,9472,8877],{"class":491},[65,9474,594],{"class":487},[65,9476,87],{"class":79},[65,9478,8884],{"class":83},[65,9480,8828],{"class":79},[65,9482,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9484,8744],{"class":71},[65,9486,76],{"class":75},[65,9488,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9490,151],{"class":79},[65,9492,8841],{"class":147},[65,9494,157],{"class":79},[65,9496,9497,9499,9501,9503],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,9498,164],{"class":163},[65,9500,151],{"class":79},[65,9502,8783],{"class":147},[65,9504,157],{"class":79},[20,9506,9507],{},[43,9508,350],{},[56,9510,9511],{"className":58,"code":9178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,9512,9513],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9514,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9516,360],{"class":79},[65,9518,594],{"class":487},[65,9520,7241],{"class":491},[65,9522,594],{"class":487},[65,9524,191],{"class":79},[65,9526,603],{"class":487},[65,9528,4572],{"class":491},[65,9530,594],{"class":487},[65,9532,87],{"class":79},[65,9534,603],{"class":487},[65,9536,8877],{"class":491},[65,9538,594],{"class":487},[65,9540,191],{"class":79},[65,9542,8884],{"class":83},[65,9544,98],{"class":79},[20,9546,9547],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,9549,9550,9553],{},[36,9551,9552],{},"the first item as the key",[36,9554,9555],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9557,9558],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[56,9560,9562],{"className":58,"code":9561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9563,9564,9599,9613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9565,9566,9568,9570,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9567,8794],{"class":71},[65,9569,76],{"class":75},[65,9571,9572],{"class":79}," ((",[65,9574,594],{"class":487},[65,9576,210],{"class":491},[65,9578,594],{"class":487},[65,9580,87],{"class":79},[65,9582,5066],{"class":83},[65,9584,8812],{"class":79},[65,9586,8815],{"class":79},[65,9588,594],{"class":487},[65,9590,154],{"class":491},[65,9592,594],{"class":487},[65,9594,87],{"class":79},[65,9596,90],{"class":83},[65,9598,1028],{"class":79},[65,9600,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9602,8744],{"class":71},[65,9604,76],{"class":75},[65,9606,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9608,151],{"class":79},[65,9610,8841],{"class":147},[65,9612,157],{"class":79},[65,9614,9615,9617,9619,9621],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,9616,164],{"class":163},[65,9618,151],{"class":79},[65,9620,8783],{"class":147},[65,9622,157],{"class":79},[20,9624,9625],{},[43,9626,350],{},[56,9628,9629],{"className":58,"code":9092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,9630,9631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9632,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9634,360],{"class":79},[65,9636,594],{"class":487},[65,9638,210],{"class":491},[65,9640,594],{"class":487},[65,9642,191],{"class":79},[65,9644,5066],{"class":83},[65,9646,87],{"class":79},[65,9648,603],{"class":487},[65,9650,154],{"class":491},[65,9652,594],{"class":487},[65,9654,191],{"class":79},[65,9656,90],{"class":83},[65,9658,98],{"class":79},[20,9660,9661,9662,144],{},"Each item must contain ",[43,9663,9664],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9666,2403],{},[56,9668,9670],{"className":58,"code":9669,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9671,9672,9712],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9673,9674,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9675,9676],{"class":71},"bad_data ",[65,9678,76],{"class":75},[65,9680,8799],{"class":79},[65,9682,594],{"class":487},[65,9684,210],{"class":491},[65,9686,594],{"class":487},[65,9688,87],{"class":79},[65,9690,5066],{"class":83},[65,9692,87],{"class":79},[65,9694,9695],{"class":83}," 100",[65,9697,8812],{"class":79},[65,9699,8815],{"class":79},[65,9701,594],{"class":487},[65,9703,154],{"class":491},[65,9705,594],{"class":487},[65,9707,87],{"class":79},[65,9709,90],{"class":83},[65,9711,8828],{"class":79},[65,9713,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9725],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9715,136],{"class":71},[65,9717,76],{"class":75},[65,9719,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9721,151],{"class":79},[65,9723,9724],{"class":147},"bad_data",[65,9726,157],{"class":79},[20,9728,9729,9730,9733],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9731,9732],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9735,9736],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[56,9738,9740],{"className":58,"code":9739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9741,9742,9791,9805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9743,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9745,8794],{"class":71},[65,9747,76],{"class":75},[65,9749,8799],{"class":79},[65,9751,594],{"class":487},[65,9753,210],{"class":491},[65,9755,594],{"class":487},[65,9757,87],{"class":79},[65,9759,5066],{"class":83},[65,9761,8812],{"class":79},[65,9763,8815],{"class":79},[65,9765,594],{"class":487},[65,9767,210],{"class":491},[65,9769,594],{"class":487},[65,9771,87],{"class":79},[65,9773,9774],{"class":83}," 99",[65,9776,8812],{"class":79},[65,9778,8815],{"class":79},[65,9780,594],{"class":487},[65,9782,154],{"class":491},[65,9784,594],{"class":487},[65,9786,87],{"class":79},[65,9788,90],{"class":83},[65,9790,8828],{"class":79},[65,9792,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9794,8744],{"class":71},[65,9796,76],{"class":75},[65,9798,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9800,151],{"class":79},[65,9802,8841],{"class":147},[65,9804,157],{"class":79},[65,9806,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,9808,164],{"class":163},[65,9810,151],{"class":79},[65,9812,8783],{"class":147},[65,9814,157],{"class":79},[20,9816,9817],{},[43,9818,350],{},[56,9820,9822],{"className":58,"code":9821,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9823,9824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9825,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9827,360],{"class":79},[65,9829,594],{"class":487},[65,9831,210],{"class":491},[65,9833,594],{"class":487},[65,9835,191],{"class":79},[65,9837,9774],{"class":83},[65,9839,87],{"class":79},[65,9841,603],{"class":487},[65,9843,154],{"class":491},[65,9845,594],{"class":487},[65,9847,191],{"class":79},[65,9849,90],{"class":83},[65,9851,98],{"class":79},[51,9853,9855],{"id":9854},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9857,9858],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[56,9860,9861],{"className":58,"code":9129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,9862,9863,9893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9864,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9866,8744],{"class":71},[65,9868,76],{"class":75},[65,9870,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9872,151],{"class":79},[65,9874,7241],{"class":8754},[65,9876,76],{"class":75},[65,9878,594],{"class":487},[65,9880,4572],{"class":491},[65,9882,594],{"class":487},[65,9884,87],{"class":79},[65,9886,8767],{"class":8754},[65,9888,76],{"class":75},[65,9890,8772],{"class":83},[65,9892,157],{"class":79},[65,9894,9895,9897,9899,9901],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,9896,164],{"class":163},[65,9898,151],{"class":79},[65,9900,8783],{"class":147},[65,9902,157],{"class":79},[20,9904,9905],{},[43,9906,350],{},[56,9908,9909],{"className":58,"code":9178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,9910,9911],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9912,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9914,360],{"class":79},[65,9916,594],{"class":487},[65,9918,7241],{"class":491},[65,9920,594],{"class":487},[65,9922,191],{"class":79},[65,9924,603],{"class":487},[65,9926,4572],{"class":491},[65,9928,594],{"class":487},[65,9930,87],{"class":79},[65,9932,603],{"class":487},[65,9934,8877],{"class":491},[65,9936,594],{"class":487},[65,9938,191],{"class":79},[65,9940,8884],{"class":83},[65,9942,98],{"class":79},[20,9944,9945],{},"In this form:",[33,9947,9948,9956],{},[36,9949,9950,9952,9953],{},[15,9951,7241],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9954,9955],{},"'name'",[36,9957,9958,9952,9960],{},[15,9959,8877],{},[15,9961,9962],{},"'age'",[20,9964,9965],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9967,9968],{},"Valid examples:",[56,9970,9972],{"className":58,"code":9971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9973,9974,10012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9975,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9987,9989,9991,9994,9996,9998,10001,10003,10005,10008,10010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9977,8744],{"class":71},[65,9979,76],{"class":75},[65,9981,8749],{"class":1259},[65,9983,151],{"class":79},[65,9985,9986],{"class":8754},"city",[65,9988,76],{"class":75},[65,9990,594],{"class":487},[65,9992,9993],{"class":491},"Paris",[65,9995,594],{"class":487},[65,9997,87],{"class":79},[65,9999,10000],{"class":8754}," country",[65,10002,76],{"class":75},[65,10004,594],{"class":487},[65,10006,10007],{"class":491},"France",[65,10009,594],{"class":487},[65,10011,157],{"class":79},[65,10013,10014,10016,10018,10020],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10015,164],{"class":163},[65,10017,151],{"class":79},[65,10019,8783],{"class":147},[65,10021,157],{"class":79},[20,10023,10024],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,10026,10027,10030,10033],{},[36,10028,10029],{},"spaces",[36,10031,10032],{},"hyphens",[36,10034,10035],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10037,10038,10039,10042],{},"For example, this is ",[43,10040,10041],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[56,10044,10046],{"className":58,"code":10045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10047,10048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10049,10050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10051,10045],{"class":175},[20,10053,10054],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[56,10056,10058],{"className":58,"code":10057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10059,10060,10102],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10063,8744],{"class":71},[65,10065,76],{"class":75},[65,10067,80],{"class":79},[65,10069,594],{"class":487},[65,10071,10072],{"class":491},"first-name",[65,10074,594],{"class":487},[65,10076,191],{"class":79},[65,10078,603],{"class":487},[65,10080,7250],{"class":491},[65,10082,594],{"class":487},[65,10084,87],{"class":79},[65,10086,603],{"class":487},[65,10088,10089],{"class":491},"first name",[65,10091,594],{"class":487},[65,10093,191],{"class":79},[65,10095,603],{"class":487},[65,10097,7250],{"class":491},[65,10099,594],{"class":487},[65,10101,98],{"class":79},[65,10103,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10105,164],{"class":163},[65,10107,151],{"class":79},[65,10109,8783],{"class":147},[65,10111,157],{"class":79},[20,10113,10114],{},[43,10115,350],{},[56,10117,10119],{"className":58,"code":10118,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10120,10121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10122,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10124,360],{"class":79},[65,10126,594],{"class":487},[65,10128,10072],{"class":491},[65,10130,594],{"class":487},[65,10132,191],{"class":79},[65,10134,603],{"class":487},[65,10136,7250],{"class":491},[65,10138,594],{"class":487},[65,10140,87],{"class":79},[65,10142,603],{"class":487},[65,10144,10089],{"class":491},[65,10146,594],{"class":487},[65,10148,191],{"class":79},[65,10150,603],{"class":487},[65,10152,7250],{"class":491},[65,10154,594],{"class":487},[65,10156,98],{"class":79},[51,10158,10160,657,10162],{"id":10159},"dict-vs",[15,10161,8698],{},[15,10163,3358],{},[20,10165,10166,10167,634,10169,10171],{},"Both ",[15,10168,8698],{},[15,10170,3358],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1286,10173,1660,10175,10177],{"id":10174},"use-when",[15,10176,3358],{}," when:",[33,10179,10180,10183],{},[36,10181,10182],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,10184,10185],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[56,10187,10188],{"className":58,"code":9405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10189,10190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10191,10192,10194,10196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10193,8744],{"class":71},[65,10195,76],{"class":75},[65,10197,9416],{"class":79},[1286,10199,1660,10201,10177],{"id":10200},"use-dict-when",[15,10202,8698],{},[33,10204,10205,10208,10211],{},[36,10206,10207],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,10209,10210],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,10212,10213],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[56,10215,10217],{"className":58,"code":10216,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10218,10219,10256],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10220,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10222,8744],{"class":71},[65,10224,76],{"class":75},[65,10226,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10228,9235],{"class":79},[65,10230,594],{"class":487},[65,10232,210],{"class":491},[65,10234,594],{"class":487},[65,10236,87],{"class":79},[65,10238,5066],{"class":83},[65,10240,8812],{"class":79},[65,10242,8815],{"class":79},[65,10244,594],{"class":487},[65,10246,154],{"class":491},[65,10248,594],{"class":487},[65,10250,87],{"class":79},[65,10252,90],{"class":83},[65,10254,10255],{"class":79},")])\n",[65,10257,10258,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10259,10260],{"class":71},"info ",[65,10262,76],{"class":75},[65,10264,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10266,151],{"class":79},[65,10268,7241],{"class":8754},[65,10270,76],{"class":75},[65,10272,594],{"class":487},[65,10274,4572],{"class":491},[65,10276,594],{"class":487},[65,10278,87],{"class":79},[65,10280,8767],{"class":8754},[65,10282,76],{"class":75},[65,10284,8772],{"class":83},[65,10286,157],{"class":79},[20,10288,10289],{},"So:",[33,10291,10292,10297],{},[36,10293,10294,10296],{},[15,10295,3358],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,10298,10299,10301],{},[15,10300,8698],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10303,10304,10305,10309,10310,144],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[210,10306,10308],{"href":10307},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[210,10311,10313,10314,1474],{"href":10312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10315,10316],{},"get()",[51,10318,10320],{"id":10319},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10322,10323,10324,144],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10325,8698],{},[1286,10327,10329],{"id":10328},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10331,4094],{},[56,10333,10335],{"className":58,"code":10334,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10336,10337,10361],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10338,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10340,7353],{"class":71},[65,10342,76],{"class":75},[65,10344,1339],{"class":79},[65,10346,594],{"class":487},[65,10348,210],{"class":491},[65,10350,594],{"class":487},[65,10352,87],{"class":79},[65,10354,603],{"class":487},[65,10356,154],{"class":491},[65,10358,594],{"class":487},[65,10360,1352],{"class":79},[65,10362,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10364,8744],{"class":71},[65,10366,76],{"class":75},[65,10368,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10370,151],{"class":79},[65,10372,7384],{"class":147},[65,10374,157],{"class":79},[20,10376,10377,10378,144],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10379,10380],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10382,10383],{},"Correct version:",[56,10385,10387],{"className":58,"code":10386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10388,10389,10423,10437],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10390,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10392,7353],{"class":71},[65,10394,76],{"class":75},[65,10396,8799],{"class":79},[65,10398,594],{"class":487},[65,10400,210],{"class":491},[65,10402,594],{"class":487},[65,10404,87],{"class":79},[65,10406,5066],{"class":83},[65,10408,8812],{"class":79},[65,10410,8815],{"class":79},[65,10412,594],{"class":487},[65,10414,154],{"class":491},[65,10416,594],{"class":487},[65,10418,87],{"class":79},[65,10420,90],{"class":83},[65,10422,8828],{"class":79},[65,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10426,8744],{"class":71},[65,10428,76],{"class":75},[65,10430,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10432,151],{"class":79},[65,10434,7384],{"class":147},[65,10436,157],{"class":79},[65,10438,10439,10441,10443,10445],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,10440,164],{"class":163},[65,10442,151],{"class":79},[65,10444,8783],{"class":147},[65,10446,157],{"class":79},[1286,10448,10450],{"id":10449},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10452,10453],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[56,10455,10457],{"className":58,"code":10456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10458,10459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10460,10461],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10462,10456],{"class":175},[20,10464,10465,10466,191],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10467,76],{},[56,10469,10471],{"className":58,"code":10470,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10472,10473,10495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10476,8744],{"class":71},[65,10478,76],{"class":75},[65,10480,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10482,151],{"class":79},[65,10484,7241],{"class":8754},[65,10486,76],{"class":75},[65,10488,594],{"class":487},[65,10490,4572],{"class":491},[65,10492,594],{"class":487},[65,10494,157],{"class":79},[65,10496,10497,10499,10501,10503],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10498,164],{"class":163},[65,10500,151],{"class":79},[65,10502,8783],{"class":147},[65,10504,157],{"class":79},[1286,10506,10508],{"id":10507},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10510,10511],{},"This will not work:",[56,10513,10514],{"className":58,"code":10045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10515,10516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10517,10518],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10519,10045],{"class":175},[20,10521,10522],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[56,10524,10526],{"className":58,"code":10525,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10527,10528,10552],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10529,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10531,8744],{"class":71},[65,10533,76],{"class":75},[65,10535,80],{"class":79},[65,10537,594],{"class":487},[65,10539,10072],{"class":491},[65,10541,594],{"class":487},[65,10543,191],{"class":79},[65,10545,603],{"class":487},[65,10547,7250],{"class":491},[65,10549,594],{"class":487},[65,10551,98],{"class":79},[65,10553,10554,10556,10558,10560],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10555,164],{"class":163},[65,10557,151],{"class":79},[65,10559,8783],{"class":147},[65,10561,157],{"class":79},[1286,10563,10565],{"id":10564},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10567,10568],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[56,10570,10572],{"className":58,"code":10571,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10573,10574,10610],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10577,8744],{"class":71},[65,10579,76],{"class":75},[65,10581,8749],{"class":1259},[65,10583,9235],{"class":79},[65,10585,594],{"class":487},[65,10587,1742],{"class":491},[65,10589,594],{"class":487},[65,10591,87],{"class":79},[65,10593,5066],{"class":83},[65,10595,8812],{"class":79},[65,10597,8815],{"class":79},[65,10599,594],{"class":487},[65,10601,1742],{"class":491},[65,10603,594],{"class":487},[65,10605,87],{"class":79},[65,10607,90],{"class":83},[65,10609,10255],{"class":79},[65,10611,10612,10614,10616,10618],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10613,164],{"class":163},[65,10615,151],{"class":79},[65,10617,8783],{"class":147},[65,10619,157],{"class":79},[20,10621,10622],{},[43,10623,350],{},[56,10625,10627],{"className":58,"code":10626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10628,10629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10630,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10632,360],{"class":79},[65,10634,594],{"class":487},[65,10636,1742],{"class":491},[65,10638,594],{"class":487},[65,10640,191],{"class":79},[65,10642,90],{"class":83},[65,10644,98],{"class":79},[20,10646,10647,10648,144],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[210,10649,10651],{"href":10650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[51,10653,2396],{"id":2395},[20,10655,10656,10657,397],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10658,8698],{},[33,10660,10661,10671,10677,10680],{},[36,10662,10663,10664,10667,10668],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10665,10666],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10669,10670],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,10672,10673,10674],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10675,10676],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,10678,10679],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,10681,10682,10683,10685],{},"confusing ",[15,10684,8698],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10687,10688],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[56,10690,10692],{"className":58,"code":10691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10693,10694,10708,10718,10729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10695,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10697,164],{"class":163},[65,10699,151],{"class":79},[65,10701,1260],{"class":1259},[65,10703,151],{"class":79},[65,10705,8783],{"class":147},[65,10707,1028],{"class":79},[65,10709,10710,10712,10714,10716],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10711,164],{"class":163},[65,10713,151],{"class":79},[65,10715,8783],{"class":147},[65,10717,157],{"class":79},[65,10719,10720,10722,10724,10727],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,10721,164],{"class":163},[65,10723,151],{"class":79},[65,10725,10726],{"class":147},"list_of_pairs",[65,10728,157],{"class":79},[65,10730,10731,10733,10735,10738,10740,10742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10732,164],{"class":163},[65,10734,151],{"class":79},[65,10736,10737],{"class":163},"len",[65,10739,151],{"class":79},[65,10741,10726],{"class":147},[65,10743,1028],{"class":79},[20,10745,10746],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,10748,10749,10752,10755],{},[36,10750,10751],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,10753,10754],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,10756,10757],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[51,10759,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,10761,1299,10763,634,10765,1304],{"id":10762},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10764,8698],{},[15,10766,3358],{},[20,10768,10769,10771,10772,10774],{},[15,10770,3358],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10773,8698],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1286,10776,4739,10778,10780],{"id":10777},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10779,8698],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10782,10783,10784,144],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10785,10670],{},[1286,10787,4727,10789,10792],{"id":10788},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10790,10791],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10794,10795],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1286,10797,10799,10800,10802],{"id":10798},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10801,8698],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10804,10805,10806,10809],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10807,10808],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[51,10811,1455],{"id":1454},[33,10813,10814,10819,10823,10828,10834],{},[36,10815,10816],{},[210,10817,10818],{"href":8968},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,10820,10821],{},[210,10822,8734],{"href":8733},[36,10824,10825],{},[210,10826,10827],{"href":10307},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,10829,10830],{},[210,10831,10313,10832,1474],{"href":10312},[15,10833,10316],{},[36,10835,10836],{},[210,10837,10838],{"href":10650},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1499,10840,10841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":10843},[10844,10846,10852,10853,10854,10855,10862,10868,10869,10879],{"id":8922,"depth":101,"text":10845},"What dict() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":10847},[10848,10849,10850,10851],{"id":8979,"depth":126,"text":8980},{"id":9021,"depth":126,"text":9022},{"id":9125,"depth":126,"text":9126},{"id":9215,"depth":126,"text":9216},{"id":9328,"depth":101,"text":8980},{"id":9431,"depth":101,"text":9432},{"id":9854,"depth":101,"text":9855},{"id":10159,"depth":101,"text":10856,"children":10857},"dict() vs {}",[10858,10860],{"id":10174,"depth":126,"text":10859},"Use {} when:",{"id":10200,"depth":126,"text":10861},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10319,"depth":101,"text":10320,"children":10863},[10864,10865,10866,10867],{"id":10328,"depth":126,"text":10329},{"id":10449,"depth":126,"text":10450},{"id":10507,"depth":126,"text":10508},{"id":10564,"depth":126,"text":10565},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":10870},[10871,10873,10875,10877],{"id":10762,"depth":126,"text":10872},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10777,"depth":126,"text":10874},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10788,"depth":126,"text":10876},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10798,"depth":126,"text":10878},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8690,"description":10880},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10887,"title":10888,"body":10889,"description":12397,"extension":1528,"meta":12398,"navigation":129,"path":12399,"seo":12400,"stem":12401,"__hash__":12402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10890,"toc":12366},[10891,10898,10904,10911,10913,10974,10979,10984,10989,11007,11010,11014,11016,11032,11035,11048,11050,11053,11187,11189,11256,11259,11275,11281,11287,11290,11372,11374,11388,11392,11398,11463,11465,11473,11476,11499,11505,11568,11574,11577,11591,11604,11608,11619,11624,11635,11642,11646,11652,11774,11776,11802,11805,11822,11825,11936,11938,11987,11989,12002,12011,12016,12021,12032,12034,12137,12160,12162,12166,12185,12188,12246,12249,12275,12277,12283,12286,12292,12296,12303,12311,12317,12320,12322,12363],[10,10892,10894,10895,18],{"id":10893},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10896,10897],{},"clear()",[20,10899,10900,10903],{},[15,10901,10902],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10905,10906,10907,10910],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[43,10908,10909],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[51,10912,1570],{"id":1569},[56,10914,10916],{"className":58,"code":10915,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10917,10918,10950,10961],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10919,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10921,8744],{"class":71},[65,10923,76],{"class":75},[65,10925,80],{"class":79},[65,10927,488],{"class":487},[65,10929,210],{"class":491},[65,10931,488],{"class":487},[65,10933,191],{"class":79},[65,10935,5066],{"class":83},[65,10937,87],{"class":79},[65,10939,499],{"class":487},[65,10941,154],{"class":491},[65,10943,488],{"class":487},[65,10945,191],{"class":79},[65,10947,90],{"class":83},[65,10949,98],{"class":79},[65,10951,10952,10954,10956,10959],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,10953,8783],{"class":71},[65,10955,144],{"class":79},[65,10957,10958],{"class":147},"clear",[65,10960,8220],{"class":79},[65,10962,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,10964,164],{"class":163},[65,10966,151],{"class":79},[65,10968,8783],{"class":147},[65,10970,172],{"class":79},[65,10972,10973],{"class":175},"  # {}\n",[20,10975,10976,10978],{},[15,10977,10897],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[51,10980,183,10982,186],{"id":10981},"what-clear-does",[15,10983,10897],{},[20,10985,1545,10986,10988],{},[15,10987,10897],{}," method:",[33,10990,10991,10994,10997,11002],{},[36,10992,10993],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,10995,10996],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,10998,10999,11000],{},"Returns ",[15,11001,3344],{},[36,11003,11004,11005],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11006,3358],{},[20,11008,11009],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11011,8730,11012,144],{},[210,11013,8734],{"href":8733},[51,11015,222],{"id":221},[56,11017,11019],{"className":58,"code":11018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11020,11021],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11022,11023,11026,11028,11030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11024,11025],{"class":71},"my_dict",[65,11027,144],{"class":79},[65,11029,10958],{"class":147},[65,11031,8220],{"class":79},[20,11033,11034],{},"Important points:",[33,11036,11037,11042,11045],{},[36,11038,11039,11041],{},[15,11040,10897],{}," takes no arguments",[36,11043,11044],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,11046,11047],{},"It empties that dictionary",[51,11049,467],{"id":466},[20,11051,11052],{},"Here is a basic example:",[56,11054,11056],{"className":58,"code":11055,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11057,11058,11068,11089,11103,11120,11124,11128,11148,11152,11163,11167],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11059,11060,11063,11065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11061,11062],{"class":71},"user ",[65,11064,76],{"class":75},[65,11066,11067],{"class":79}," {\n",[65,11069,11070,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11084,11086],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11071,11072],{"class":487},"    \"",[65,11074,7241],{"class":491},[65,11076,488],{"class":487},[65,11078,191],{"class":79},[65,11080,499],{"class":487},[65,11082,11083],{"class":491},"Maya",[65,11085,488],{"class":487},[65,11087,11088],{"class":79},",\n",[65,11090,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11092,11072],{"class":487},[65,11094,8877],{"class":491},[65,11096,488],{"class":487},[65,11098,191],{"class":79},[65,11100,8884],{"class":83},[65,11102,11088],{"class":79},[65,11104,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11118],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11106,11072],{"class":487},[65,11108,9986],{"class":491},[65,11110,488],{"class":487},[65,11112,191],{"class":79},[65,11114,499],{"class":487},[65,11116,11117],{"class":491},"Berlin",[65,11119,2925],{"class":487},[65,11121,11122],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,11123,98],{"class":79},[65,11125,11126],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,11127,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11129,11130,11132,11134,11136,11139,11141,11143,11146],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,11131,164],{"class":163},[65,11133,151],{"class":79},[65,11135,488],{"class":487},[65,11137,11138],{"class":491},"Before:",[65,11140,488],{"class":487},[65,11142,87],{"class":79},[65,11144,11145],{"class":147}," user",[65,11147,157],{"class":79},[65,11149,11150],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,11151,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11153,11154,11157,11159,11161],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,11155,11156],{"class":71},"user",[65,11158,144],{"class":79},[65,11160,10958],{"class":147},[65,11162,8220],{"class":79},[65,11164,11165],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,11166,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11179,11181,11183,11185],{"class":67,"line":11169},11,[65,11171,164],{"class":163},[65,11173,151],{"class":79},[65,11175,488],{"class":487},[65,11177,11178],{"class":491},"After:",[65,11180,488],{"class":487},[65,11182,87],{"class":79},[65,11184,11145],{"class":147},[65,11186,157],{"class":79},[20,11188,5128],{},[56,11190,11192],{"className":58,"code":11191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11193,11194,11247],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11195,11196,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11197,11198],{"class":71},"Before",[65,11200,191],{"class":79},[65,11202,80],{"class":79},[65,11204,594],{"class":487},[65,11206,7241],{"class":491},[65,11208,594],{"class":487},[65,11210,191],{"class":79},[65,11212,603],{"class":487},[65,11214,11083],{"class":491},[65,11216,594],{"class":487},[65,11218,87],{"class":79},[65,11220,603],{"class":487},[65,11222,8877],{"class":491},[65,11224,594],{"class":487},[65,11226,191],{"class":79},[65,11228,8884],{"class":83},[65,11230,87],{"class":79},[65,11232,603],{"class":487},[65,11234,9986],{"class":491},[65,11236,594],{"class":487},[65,11238,191],{"class":79},[65,11240,603],{"class":487},[65,11242,11117],{"class":491},[65,11244,594],{"class":487},[65,11246,98],{"class":79},[65,11248,11249,11252,11254],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11250,11251],{"class":71},"After",[65,11253,191],{"class":79},[65,11255,9416],{"class":79},[20,11257,11258],{},"What happens here:",[33,11260,11261,11266,11272],{},[36,11262,11263,11265],{},[15,11264,11156],{}," starts with three items",[36,11267,11268,11271],{},[15,11269,11270],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,11273,11274],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[51,11276,183,11278,11280],{"id":11277},"what-clear-returns",[15,11279,10897],{}," returns",[20,11282,11283,1965,11285,144],{},[15,11284,10897],{},[15,11286,3344],{},[20,11288,11289],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[56,11291,11293],{"className":58,"code":11292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11294,11295,11329,11333,11348,11352,11362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11296,11297,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11321,11323,11325,11327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11298,11299],{"class":71},"my_dict ",[65,11301,76],{"class":75},[65,11303,80],{"class":79},[65,11305,488],{"class":487},[65,11307,1742],{"class":491},[65,11309,488],{"class":487},[65,11311,191],{"class":79},[65,11313,5066],{"class":83},[65,11315,87],{"class":79},[65,11317,499],{"class":487},[65,11319,11320],{"class":491},"y",[65,11322,488],{"class":487},[65,11324,191],{"class":79},[65,11326,90],{"class":83},[65,11328,98],{"class":79},[65,11330,11331],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11332,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11334,11335,11337,11339,11342,11344,11346],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11336,136],{"class":71},[65,11338,76],{"class":75},[65,11340,11341],{"class":71}," my_dict",[65,11343,144],{"class":79},[65,11345,10958],{"class":147},[65,11347,8220],{"class":79},[65,11349,11350],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11351,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11353,11354,11356,11358,11360],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,11355,164],{"class":163},[65,11357,151],{"class":79},[65,11359,169],{"class":147},[65,11361,157],{"class":79},[65,11363,11364,11366,11368,11370],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,11365,164],{"class":163},[65,11367,151],{"class":79},[65,11369,11025],{"class":147},[65,11371,157],{"class":79},[20,11373,350],{},[56,11375,11377],{"className":58,"code":11376,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n{}\n",[15,11378,11379,11384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11380,11381],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11382,11383],{"class":3419},"None\n",[65,11385,11386],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11387,9012],{"class":79},[1286,11389,11391],{"id":11390},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11393,11394,11395,11397],{},"Do ",[43,11396,45],{}," do this:",[56,11399,11401],{"className":58,"code":11400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11402,11403,11435,11449,11453],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11404,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11425,11427,11429,11431,11433],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11406,11299],{"class":71},[65,11408,76],{"class":75},[65,11410,80],{"class":79},[65,11412,488],{"class":487},[65,11414,1742],{"class":491},[65,11416,488],{"class":487},[65,11418,191],{"class":79},[65,11420,5066],{"class":83},[65,11422,87],{"class":79},[65,11424,499],{"class":487},[65,11426,11320],{"class":491},[65,11428,488],{"class":487},[65,11430,191],{"class":79},[65,11432,90],{"class":83},[65,11434,98],{"class":79},[65,11436,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11438,11299],{"class":71},[65,11440,76],{"class":75},[65,11442,11341],{"class":71},[65,11444,144],{"class":79},[65,11446,10958],{"class":147},[65,11448,8220],{"class":79},[65,11450,11451],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11452,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11454,11455,11457,11459,11461],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11456,164],{"class":163},[65,11458,151],{"class":79},[65,11460,11025],{"class":147},[65,11462,157],{"class":79},[20,11464,350],{},[56,11466,11467],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,11468,11469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11470,11471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11472,11383],{"class":3419},[20,11474,11475],{},"Why this happens:",[33,11477,11478,11484,11489],{},[36,11479,11480,11483],{},[15,11481,11482],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,11485,11486,11487],{},"The method returns ",[15,11488,3344],{},[36,11490,11491,11492,11495,11496,11498],{},"Then ",[15,11493,11494],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11497,3344],{}," in the variable",[20,11500,11501,11502,11504],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11503,10897],{}," by itself:",[56,11506,11508],{"className":58,"code":11507,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11509,11510,11542,11552,11556],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11511,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11513,11299],{"class":71},[65,11515,76],{"class":75},[65,11517,80],{"class":79},[65,11519,488],{"class":487},[65,11521,1742],{"class":491},[65,11523,488],{"class":487},[65,11525,191],{"class":79},[65,11527,5066],{"class":83},[65,11529,87],{"class":79},[65,11531,499],{"class":487},[65,11533,11320],{"class":491},[65,11535,488],{"class":487},[65,11537,191],{"class":79},[65,11539,90],{"class":83},[65,11541,98],{"class":79},[65,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11545,11025],{"class":71},[65,11547,144],{"class":79},[65,11549,10958],{"class":147},[65,11551,8220],{"class":79},[65,11553,11554],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11555,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11557,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11559,164],{"class":163},[65,11561,151],{"class":79},[65,11563,11025],{"class":147},[65,11565,172],{"class":79},[65,11567,10973],{"class":175},[51,11569,11571,11573],{"id":11570},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11572,10897],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11575,11576],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[56,11578,11579],{"className":58,"code":11018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,11580,11581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11582,11583,11585,11587,11589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11584,11025],{"class":71},[65,11586,144],{"class":79},[65,11588,10958],{"class":147},[65,11590,8220],{"class":79},[56,11592,11594],{"className":58,"code":11593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11595,11596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11597,11598,11600,11602],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11599,11299],{"class":71},[65,11601,76],{"class":75},[65,11603,9416],{"class":79},[1286,11605,11606],{"id":10958},[15,11607,10897],{},[33,11609,11610,11613,11616],{},[36,11611,11612],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,11614,11615],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,11617,11618],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1286,11620,11621],{"id":11025},[15,11622,11623],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,11625,11626,11629,11632],{},[36,11627,11628],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,11630,11631],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,11633,11634],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11636,11637,11638,144],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[210,11639,11641],{"href":11640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[51,11643,11645],{"id":11644},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11647,11648,11649,11651],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11650,10897],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[56,11653,11655],{"className":58,"code":11654,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11656,11657,11690,11700,11704,11715,11719,11739,11759],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11658,11659,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11660,11661],{"class":71},"original ",[65,11663,76],{"class":75},[65,11665,80],{"class":79},[65,11667,488],{"class":487},[65,11669,210],{"class":491},[65,11671,488],{"class":487},[65,11673,191],{"class":79},[65,11675,5066],{"class":83},[65,11677,87],{"class":79},[65,11679,499],{"class":487},[65,11681,154],{"class":491},[65,11683,488],{"class":487},[65,11685,191],{"class":79},[65,11687,90],{"class":83},[65,11689,98],{"class":79},[65,11691,11692,11695,11697],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11693,11694],{"class":71},"other_ref ",[65,11696,76],{"class":75},[65,11698,11699],{"class":71}," original\n",[65,11701,11702],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11703,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11705,11706,11709,11711,11713],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11707,11708],{"class":71},"original",[65,11710,144],{"class":79},[65,11712,10958],{"class":147},[65,11714,8220],{"class":79},[65,11716,11717],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,11718,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11720,11721,11723,11725,11727,11730,11732,11734,11737],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,11722,164],{"class":163},[65,11724,151],{"class":79},[65,11726,488],{"class":487},[65,11728,11729],{"class":491},"original:",[65,11731,488],{"class":487},[65,11733,87],{"class":79},[65,11735,11736],{"class":147}," original",[65,11738,157],{"class":79},[65,11740,11741,11743,11745,11747,11750,11752,11754,11757],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,11742,164],{"class":163},[65,11744,151],{"class":79},[65,11746,488],{"class":487},[65,11748,11749],{"class":491},"other_ref:",[65,11751,488],{"class":487},[65,11753,87],{"class":79},[65,11755,11756],{"class":147}," other_ref",[65,11758,157],{"class":79},[65,11760,11761,11763,11765,11767,11770,11772],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,11762,164],{"class":163},[65,11764,151],{"class":79},[65,11766,11661],{"class":147},[65,11768,11769],{"class":3444},"is",[65,11771,11756],{"class":147},[65,11773,157],{"class":79},[20,11775,350],{},[56,11777,11779],{"className":58,"code":11778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11780,11781,11789,11798],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11782,11783,11785,11787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11784,11708],{"class":71},[65,11786,191],{"class":79},[65,11788,9416],{"class":79},[65,11790,11791,11794,11796],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11792,11793],{"class":71},"other_ref",[65,11795,191],{"class":79},[65,11797,9416],{"class":79},[65,11799,11800],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11801,3549],{"class":3419},[20,11803,11804],{},"This shows:",[33,11806,11807,11814,11819],{},[36,11808,11809,634,11811,11813],{},[15,11810,11708],{},[15,11812,11793],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,11815,11816,11818],{},[15,11817,10897],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,11820,11821],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11823,11824],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[56,11826,11828],{"className":58,"code":11827,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11829,11830,11862,11870,11874,11882,11886,11904,11922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11831,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11833,11661],{"class":71},[65,11835,76],{"class":75},[65,11837,80],{"class":79},[65,11839,488],{"class":487},[65,11841,210],{"class":491},[65,11843,488],{"class":487},[65,11845,191],{"class":79},[65,11847,5066],{"class":83},[65,11849,87],{"class":79},[65,11851,499],{"class":487},[65,11853,154],{"class":491},[65,11855,488],{"class":487},[65,11857,191],{"class":79},[65,11859,90],{"class":83},[65,11861,98],{"class":79},[65,11863,11864,11866,11868],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11865,11694],{"class":71},[65,11867,76],{"class":75},[65,11869,11699],{"class":71},[65,11871,11872],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11873,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11875,11876,11878,11880],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11877,11661],{"class":71},[65,11879,76],{"class":75},[65,11881,9416],{"class":79},[65,11883,11884],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,11885,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,11887,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898,11900,11902],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,11889,164],{"class":163},[65,11891,151],{"class":79},[65,11893,488],{"class":487},[65,11895,11729],{"class":491},[65,11897,488],{"class":487},[65,11899,87],{"class":79},[65,11901,11736],{"class":147},[65,11903,157],{"class":79},[65,11905,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,11907,164],{"class":163},[65,11909,151],{"class":79},[65,11911,488],{"class":487},[65,11913,11749],{"class":491},[65,11915,488],{"class":487},[65,11917,87],{"class":79},[65,11919,11756],{"class":147},[65,11921,157],{"class":79},[65,11923,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,11925,164],{"class":163},[65,11927,151],{"class":79},[65,11929,11661],{"class":147},[65,11931,11769],{"class":3444},[65,11933,11756],{"class":147},[65,11935,157],{"class":79},[20,11937,350],{},[56,11939,11941],{"className":58,"code":11940,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11942,11943,11951,11983],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11944,11945,11947,11949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11946,11708],{"class":71},[65,11948,191],{"class":79},[65,11950,9416],{"class":79},[65,11952,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,11954,11793],{"class":71},[65,11956,191],{"class":79},[65,11958,80],{"class":79},[65,11960,594],{"class":487},[65,11962,210],{"class":491},[65,11964,594],{"class":487},[65,11966,191],{"class":79},[65,11968,5066],{"class":83},[65,11970,87],{"class":79},[65,11972,603],{"class":487},[65,11974,154],{"class":491},[65,11976,594],{"class":487},[65,11978,191],{"class":79},[65,11980,90],{"class":83},[65,11982,98],{"class":79},[65,11984,11985],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,11986,3610],{"class":3419},[20,11988,1747],{},[33,11990,11991,11997],{},[36,11992,11993,11996],{},[15,11994,11995],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,11998,11999,12001],{},[15,12000,11793],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12003,12004,12005,144],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[210,12006,12008],{"href":12007},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12009,12010],{},"dict.copy()",[51,12012,4529,12014],{"id":12013},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12015,10897],{},[20,12017,12018,12020],{},[15,12019,10897],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,12022,12023,12026,12029],{},[36,12024,12025],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,12027,12028],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,12030,12031],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12033,267],{},[56,12035,12037],{"className":58,"code":12036,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12038,12039,12048,12064,12084,12097,12101,12105,12110,12121,12125],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12040,12041,12044,12046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12042,12043],{"class":71},"session_data ",[65,12045,76],{"class":75},[65,12047,11067],{"class":79},[65,12049,12050,12052,12055,12057,12059,12062],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12051,11072],{"class":487},[65,12053,12054],{"class":491},"user_id",[65,12056,488],{"class":487},[65,12058,191],{"class":79},[65,12060,12061],{"class":83}," 101",[65,12063,11088],{"class":79},[65,12065,12066,12068,12071,12073,12075,12077,12080,12082],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,12067,11072],{"class":487},[65,12069,12070],{"class":491},"theme",[65,12072,488],{"class":487},[65,12074,191],{"class":79},[65,12076,499],{"class":487},[65,12078,12079],{"class":491},"dark",[65,12081,488],{"class":487},[65,12083,11088],{"class":79},[65,12085,12086,12088,12091,12093,12095],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12087,11072],{"class":487},[65,12089,12090],{"class":491},"logged_in",[65,12092,488],{"class":487},[65,12094,191],{"class":79},[65,12096,5993],{"class":3419},[65,12098,12099],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,12100,98],{"class":79},[65,12102,12103],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,12104,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12106,12107],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,12108,12109],{"class":175},"# Reset for a new session\n",[65,12111,12112,12115,12117,12119],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,12113,12114],{"class":71},"session_data",[65,12116,144],{"class":79},[65,12118,10958],{"class":147},[65,12120,8220],{"class":79},[65,12122,12123],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,12124,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12126,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,12128,164],{"class":163},[65,12130,151],{"class":79},[65,12132,12114],{"class":147},[65,12134,172],{"class":79},[65,12136,10973],{"class":175},[20,12138,12139,12140,12146,12147,144,12151,12153,12154,144],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[210,12141,12143],{"href":12142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12144,12145],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[210,12148,12150],{"href":12149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1123,12152],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[210,12155,12157],{"href":12156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12158,12159],{},"dict.popitem()",[51,12161,2396],{"id":2395},[20,12163,10323,12164,191],{},[15,12165,10897],{},[33,12167,12168,12174,12179,12182],{},[36,12169,12170,12171,12173],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12172,10897],{}," to a variable",[36,12175,8030,12176,12178],{},[15,12177,10897],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,12180,12181],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,12183,12184],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12186,12187],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[56,12189,12191],{"className":58,"code":12190,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12192,12193,12203,12217,12232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12194,12195,12197,12199,12201],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12196,164],{"class":163},[65,12198,151],{"class":79},[65,12200,11025],{"class":147},[65,12202,157],{"class":79},[65,12204,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12206,164],{"class":163},[65,12208,151],{"class":79},[65,12210,1260],{"class":1259},[65,12212,151],{"class":79},[65,12214,11025],{"class":147},[65,12216,1028],{"class":79},[65,12218,12219,12221,12223,12226,12228,12230],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,12220,164],{"class":163},[65,12222,151],{"class":79},[65,12224,12225],{"class":163},"id",[65,12227,151],{"class":79},[65,12229,11025],{"class":147},[65,12231,1028],{"class":79},[65,12233,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12235,164],{"class":163},[65,12237,151],{"class":79},[65,12239,11694],{"class":147},[65,12241,11769],{"class":3444},[65,12243,11341],{"class":147},[65,12245,157],{"class":79},[20,12247,12248],{},"What these show:",[33,12250,12251,12257,12263,12269],{},[36,12252,12253,12256],{},[15,12254,12255],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,12258,12259,12262],{},[15,12260,12261],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,12264,12265,12268],{},[15,12266,12267],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,12270,12271,12274],{},[15,12272,12273],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[51,12276,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,12278,1289,12280,12282],{"id":12279},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12281,10897],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12284,12285],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1286,12287,4711,12289,12291],{"id":12288},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12290,10902],{}," return?",[20,12293,4717,12294,144],{},[15,12295,3344],{},[1286,12297,1299,12299,634,12301,1304],{"id":12298},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12300,10897],{},[15,12302,3358],{},[20,12304,12305,12307,12308,12310],{},[15,12306,10897],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12309,3358],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1286,12312,1289,12314,12316],{"id":12313},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12315,10897],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12318,12319],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[51,12321,1455],{"id":1454},[33,12323,12324,12328,12332,12339,12346,12353,12358],{},[36,12325,12326],{},[210,12327,8734],{"href":8733},[36,12329,12330],{},[210,12331,10818],{"href":8968},[36,12333,12334],{},[210,12335,10313,12336,1474],{"href":12142},[15,12337,12338],{},"pop()",[36,12340,12341],{},[210,12342,10313,12343,1474],{"href":12156},[15,12344,12345],{},"popitem()",[36,12347,12348],{},[210,12349,10313,12350,1474],{"href":12007},[15,12351,12352],{},"copy()",[36,12354,12355],{},[210,12356,12357],{"href":11640},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12359,12360],{},[210,12361,12362],{"href":12149},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1499,12364,12365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":12367},[12368,12369,12371,12372,12373,12377,12382,12383,12385,12386,12396],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":10981,"depth":101,"text":12370},"What clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":11277,"depth":101,"text":12374,"children":12375},"What clear() returns",[12376],{"id":11390,"depth":126,"text":11391},{"id":11570,"depth":101,"text":12378,"children":12379},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12380,12381],{"id":10958,"depth":126,"text":10897},{"id":11025,"depth":126,"text":11623},{"id":11644,"depth":101,"text":11645},{"id":12013,"depth":101,"text":12384},"When to use clear()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":12387},[12388,12390,12392,12394],{"id":12279,"depth":126,"text":12389},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12288,"depth":126,"text":12391},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12298,"depth":126,"text":12393},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12313,"depth":126,"text":12395},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10888,"description":12397},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12404,"title":12405,"body":12406,"description":14572,"extension":1528,"meta":14573,"navigation":129,"path":14574,"seo":14575,"stem":14576,"__hash__":14577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12407,"toc":14544},[12408,12413,12418,12428,12430,12519,12523,12564,12569,12576,12594,12603,12605,12626,12629,12641,12643,12720,12724,12765,12767,12770,12898,12902,12982,12984,13002,13005,13009,13015,13017,13028,13030,13225,13229,13335,13338,13356,13359,13366,13371,13375,13389,13391,13518,13522,13602,13615,13621,13624,13632,13636,13762,13766,13840,13845,13976,13980,14054,14057,14071,14075,14079,14093,14095,14231,14235,14304,14306,14311,14333,14336,14443,14446,14457,14464,14466,14472,14475,14482,14485,14492,14500,14504,14507,14509,14541],[10,12409,10894,12411,18],{"id":12410},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12412,12352],{},[20,12414,12415,12417],{},[15,12416,12010],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12419,12420,12421,12423,12424,12427],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12422,12352],{}," makes a ",[43,12425,12426],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[51,12429,1570],{"id":1569},[56,12431,12433],{"className":58,"code":12432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12434,12435,12473,12490,12494,12505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12436,12437,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12438,12439],{"class":71},"student ",[65,12441,76],{"class":75},[65,12443,80],{"class":79},[65,12445,488],{"class":487},[65,12447,7241],{"class":491},[65,12449,488],{"class":487},[65,12451,191],{"class":79},[65,12453,499],{"class":487},[65,12455,12456],{"class":491},"Ana",[65,12458,488],{"class":487},[65,12460,87],{"class":79},[65,12462,499],{"class":487},[65,12464,8877],{"class":491},[65,12466,488],{"class":487},[65,12468,191],{"class":79},[65,12470,7364],{"class":83},[65,12472,98],{"class":79},[65,12474,12475,12478,12480,12483,12485,12488],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12476,12477],{"class":71},"student_copy ",[65,12479,76],{"class":75},[65,12481,12482],{"class":71}," student",[65,12484,144],{"class":79},[65,12486,12487],{"class":147},"copy",[65,12489,8220],{"class":79},[65,12491,12492],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,12493,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12495,12496,12498,12500,12503],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12497,164],{"class":163},[65,12499,151],{"class":79},[65,12501,12502],{"class":147},"student_copy",[65,12504,157],{"class":79},[65,12506,12507,12509,12511,12513,12515,12517],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,12508,164],{"class":163},[65,12510,151],{"class":79},[65,12512,12477],{"class":147},[65,12514,11769],{"class":3444},[65,12516,12482],{"class":147},[65,12518,157],{"class":79},[20,12520,12521],{},[43,12522,350],{},[56,12524,12526],{"className":58,"code":12525,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12527,12528,12560],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12529,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12531,360],{"class":79},[65,12533,594],{"class":487},[65,12535,7241],{"class":491},[65,12537,594],{"class":487},[65,12539,191],{"class":79},[65,12541,603],{"class":487},[65,12543,12456],{"class":491},[65,12545,594],{"class":487},[65,12547,87],{"class":79},[65,12549,603],{"class":487},[65,12551,8877],{"class":491},[65,12553,594],{"class":487},[65,12555,191],{"class":79},[65,12557,7364],{"class":83},[65,12559,98],{"class":79},[65,12561,12562],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12563,3610],{"class":3419},[20,12565,1660,12566,12568],{},[15,12567,12352],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[51,12570,12572,12573,12575],{"id":12571},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12574,12352],{}," method does",[33,12577,12578,12583,12586,12591],{},[36,12579,12580,12582],{},[15,12581,12010],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,12584,12585],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,12587,12588,12589],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12590,12352],{},[36,12592,12593],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12595,12596,12597,214,12600,144],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[210,12598,8734],{"href":12599},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[210,12601,8969],{"href":12602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[51,12604,222],{"id":221},[56,12606,12608],{"className":58,"code":12607,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12609,12610],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12611,12612,12615,12617,12620,12622,12624],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12613,12614],{"class":71},"new_dict ",[65,12616,76],{"class":75},[65,12618,12619],{"class":71}," old_dict",[65,12621,144],{"class":79},[65,12623,12487],{"class":147},[65,12625,8220],{"class":79},[20,12627,12628],{},"Key points:",[33,12630,12631,12635,12638],{},[36,12632,12633,11041],{},[15,12634,12352],{},[36,12636,12637],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,12639,12640],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12642,267],{},[56,12644,12646],{"className":58,"code":12645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12647,12648,12689,12705,12709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12649,12650,12653,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12651,12652],{"class":71},"colors ",[65,12654,76],{"class":75},[65,12656,80],{"class":79},[65,12658,488],{"class":487},[65,12660,210],{"class":491},[65,12662,488],{"class":487},[65,12664,191],{"class":79},[65,12666,499],{"class":487},[65,12668,492],{"class":491},[65,12670,488],{"class":487},[65,12672,87],{"class":79},[65,12674,499],{"class":487},[65,12676,154],{"class":491},[65,12678,488],{"class":487},[65,12680,191],{"class":79},[65,12682,499],{"class":487},[65,12684,502],{"class":491},[65,12686,488],{"class":487},[65,12688,98],{"class":79},[65,12690,12691,12694,12696,12699,12701,12703],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12692,12693],{"class":71},"new_colors ",[65,12695,76],{"class":75},[65,12697,12698],{"class":71}," colors",[65,12700,144],{"class":79},[65,12702,12487],{"class":147},[65,12704,8220],{"class":79},[65,12706,12707],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,12708,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12710,12711,12713,12715,12718],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12712,164],{"class":163},[65,12714,151],{"class":79},[65,12716,12717],{"class":147},"new_colors",[65,12719,157],{"class":79},[20,12721,12722],{},[43,12723,350],{},[56,12725,12727],{"className":58,"code":12726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12728,12729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12730,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12732,360],{"class":79},[65,12734,594],{"class":487},[65,12736,210],{"class":491},[65,12738,594],{"class":487},[65,12740,191],{"class":79},[65,12742,603],{"class":487},[65,12744,492],{"class":491},[65,12746,594],{"class":487},[65,12748,87],{"class":79},[65,12750,603],{"class":487},[65,12752,154],{"class":491},[65,12754,594],{"class":487},[65,12756,191],{"class":79},[65,12758,603],{"class":487},[65,12760,502],{"class":491},[65,12762,594],{"class":487},[65,12764,98],{"class":79},[51,12766,467],{"id":466},[20,12768,12769],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[56,12771,12773],{"className":58,"code":12772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12774,12775,12813,12829,12833,12855,12859,12878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12776,12777,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12778,12779],{"class":71},"person ",[65,12781,76],{"class":75},[65,12783,80],{"class":79},[65,12785,488],{"class":487},[65,12787,7241],{"class":491},[65,12789,488],{"class":487},[65,12791,191],{"class":79},[65,12793,499],{"class":487},[65,12795,12796],{"class":491},"Liam",[65,12798,488],{"class":487},[65,12800,87],{"class":79},[65,12802,499],{"class":487},[65,12804,8877],{"class":491},[65,12806,488],{"class":487},[65,12808,191],{"class":79},[65,12810,8884],{"class":83},[65,12812,98],{"class":79},[65,12814,12815,12818,12820,12823,12825,12827],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12816,12817],{"class":71},"person_copy ",[65,12819,76],{"class":75},[65,12821,12822],{"class":71}," person",[65,12824,144],{"class":79},[65,12826,12487],{"class":147},[65,12828,8220],{"class":79},[65,12830,12831],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,12832,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12834,12835,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12849,12852],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12836,12837],{"class":71},"person_copy",[65,12839,3469],{"class":79},[65,12841,488],{"class":487},[65,12843,8877],{"class":491},[65,12845,488],{"class":487},[65,12847,12848],{"class":79},"]",[65,12850,12851],{"class":75}," =",[65,12853,12854],{"class":83}," 26\n",[65,12856,12857],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,12858,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,12860,12861,12863,12865,12867,12870,12872,12874,12876],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,12862,164],{"class":163},[65,12864,151],{"class":79},[65,12866,488],{"class":487},[65,12868,12869],{"class":491},"Original:",[65,12871,488],{"class":487},[65,12873,87],{"class":79},[65,12875,12822],{"class":147},[65,12877,157],{"class":79},[65,12879,12880,12882,12884,12886,12889,12891,12893,12896],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,12881,164],{"class":163},[65,12883,151],{"class":79},[65,12885,488],{"class":487},[65,12887,12888],{"class":491},"Copy:",[65,12890,488],{"class":487},[65,12892,87],{"class":79},[65,12894,12895],{"class":147}," person_copy",[65,12897,157],{"class":79},[20,12899,12900],{},[43,12901,350],{},[56,12903,12905],{"className":58,"code":12904,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12906,12907,12944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12908,12909,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940,12942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12910,12911],{"class":71},"Original",[65,12913,191],{"class":79},[65,12915,80],{"class":79},[65,12917,594],{"class":487},[65,12919,7241],{"class":491},[65,12921,594],{"class":487},[65,12923,191],{"class":79},[65,12925,603],{"class":487},[65,12927,12796],{"class":491},[65,12929,594],{"class":487},[65,12931,87],{"class":79},[65,12933,603],{"class":487},[65,12935,8877],{"class":491},[65,12937,594],{"class":487},[65,12939,191],{"class":79},[65,12941,8884],{"class":83},[65,12943,98],{"class":79},[65,12945,12946,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977,12980],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,12947,12948],{"class":71},"Copy",[65,12950,191],{"class":79},[65,12952,80],{"class":79},[65,12954,594],{"class":487},[65,12956,7241],{"class":491},[65,12958,594],{"class":487},[65,12960,191],{"class":79},[65,12962,603],{"class":487},[65,12964,12796],{"class":491},[65,12966,594],{"class":487},[65,12968,87],{"class":79},[65,12970,603],{"class":487},[65,12972,8877],{"class":491},[65,12974,594],{"class":487},[65,12976,191],{"class":79},[65,12978,12979],{"class":83}," 26",[65,12981,98],{"class":79},[20,12983,620],{},[33,12985,12986,12992,12999],{},[36,12987,12988,12991],{},[15,12989,12990],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,12993,12994,12995,12998],{},"Changing ",[15,12996,12997],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,13000,13001],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13003,13004],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[51,13006,13008],{"id":13007},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13010,13011,12423,13013,144],{},[15,13012,12352],{},[43,13014,12426],{},[20,13016,1675],{},[33,13018,13019,13022,13025],{},[36,13020,13021],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,13023,13024],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,13026,13027],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13029,267],{},[56,13031,13033],{"className":58,"code":13032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13034,13035,13043,13061,13084,13088,13092,13106,13110,13135,13139,13157,13176,13191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13036,13037,13039,13041],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13038,12439],{"class":71},[65,13040,76],{"class":75},[65,13042,11067],{"class":79},[65,13044,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13046,11072],{"class":487},[65,13048,7241],{"class":491},[65,13050,488],{"class":487},[65,13052,191],{"class":79},[65,13054,499],{"class":487},[65,13056,12456],{"class":491},[65,13058,488],{"class":487},[65,13060,11088],{"class":79},[65,13062,13063,13065,13068,13070,13072,13074,13077,13079,13082],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13064,11072],{"class":487},[65,13066,13067],{"class":491},"grades",[65,13069,488],{"class":487},[65,13071,191],{"class":79},[65,13073,1339],{"class":79},[65,13075,13076],{"class":83},"90",[65,13078,87],{"class":79},[65,13080,13081],{"class":83}," 85",[65,13083,1352],{"class":79},[65,13085,13086],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13087,98],{"class":79},[65,13089,13090],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,13091,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13093,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,13095,12477],{"class":71},[65,13097,76],{"class":75},[65,13099,12482],{"class":71},[65,13101,144],{"class":79},[65,13103,12487],{"class":147},[65,13105,8220],{"class":79},[65,13107,13108],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,13109,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13111,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13125,13128,13130,13133],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,13113,12502],{"class":71},[65,13115,3469],{"class":79},[65,13117,488],{"class":487},[65,13119,13067],{"class":491},[65,13121,488],{"class":487},[65,13123,13124],{"class":79},"].",[65,13126,13127],{"class":147},"append",[65,13129,151],{"class":79},[65,13131,13132],{"class":83},"100",[65,13134,157],{"class":79},[65,13136,13137],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,13138,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13140,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,13142,164],{"class":163},[65,13144,151],{"class":79},[65,13146,488],{"class":487},[65,13148,12869],{"class":491},[65,13150,488],{"class":487},[65,13152,87],{"class":79},[65,13154,12482],{"class":147},[65,13156,157],{"class":79},[65,13158,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13174],{"class":67,"line":11169},[65,13160,164],{"class":163},[65,13162,151],{"class":79},[65,13164,488],{"class":487},[65,13166,12888],{"class":491},[65,13168,488],{"class":487},[65,13170,87],{"class":79},[65,13172,13173],{"class":147}," student_copy",[65,13175,157],{"class":79},[65,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189],{"class":67,"line":13178},12,[65,13180,164],{"class":163},[65,13182,151],{"class":79},[65,13184,12439],{"class":147},[65,13186,11769],{"class":3444},[65,13188,13173],{"class":147},[65,13190,157],{"class":79},[65,13192,13194,13196,13198,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223],{"class":67,"line":13193},13,[65,13195,164],{"class":163},[65,13197,151],{"class":79},[65,13199,13200],{"class":147},"student",[65,13202,3469],{"class":79},[65,13204,488],{"class":487},[65,13206,13067],{"class":491},[65,13208,488],{"class":487},[65,13210,12848],{"class":79},[65,13212,7672],{"class":3444},[65,13214,13173],{"class":147},[65,13216,3469],{"class":79},[65,13218,488],{"class":487},[65,13220,13067],{"class":491},[65,13222,488],{"class":487},[65,13224,3457],{"class":79},[20,13226,13227],{},[43,13228,350],{},[56,13230,13232],{"className":58,"code":13231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13233,13234,13281,13327,13331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13235,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13237,12911],{"class":71},[65,13239,191],{"class":79},[65,13241,80],{"class":79},[65,13243,594],{"class":487},[65,13245,7241],{"class":491},[65,13247,594],{"class":487},[65,13249,191],{"class":79},[65,13251,603],{"class":487},[65,13253,12456],{"class":491},[65,13255,594],{"class":487},[65,13257,87],{"class":79},[65,13259,603],{"class":487},[65,13261,13067],{"class":491},[65,13263,594],{"class":487},[65,13265,191],{"class":79},[65,13267,1339],{"class":79},[65,13269,13076],{"class":83},[65,13271,87],{"class":79},[65,13273,13081],{"class":83},[65,13275,87],{"class":79},[65,13277,9695],{"class":83},[65,13279,13280],{"class":79},"]}\n",[65,13282,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13284,12948],{"class":71},[65,13286,191],{"class":79},[65,13288,80],{"class":79},[65,13290,594],{"class":487},[65,13292,7241],{"class":491},[65,13294,594],{"class":487},[65,13296,191],{"class":79},[65,13298,603],{"class":487},[65,13300,12456],{"class":491},[65,13302,594],{"class":487},[65,13304,87],{"class":79},[65,13306,603],{"class":487},[65,13308,13067],{"class":491},[65,13310,594],{"class":487},[65,13312,191],{"class":79},[65,13314,1339],{"class":79},[65,13316,13076],{"class":83},[65,13318,87],{"class":79},[65,13320,13081],{"class":83},[65,13322,87],{"class":79},[65,13324,9695],{"class":83},[65,13326,13280],{"class":79},[65,13328,13329],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13330,3610],{"class":3419},[65,13332,13333],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13334,3549],{"class":3419},[20,13336,13337],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,13339,13340,13348],{},[36,13341,13342,4351,13345,13347],{},[15,13343,13344],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13346,3240],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,13349,13350,4351,13353,13355],{},[15,13351,13352],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13354,3172],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13357,13358],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13360,13361,13362,144],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[210,13363,13365],{"href":13364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[51,13367,4529,13369],{"id":13368},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13370,12352],{},[20,13372,1660,13373,10177],{},[15,13374,12352],{},[33,13376,13377,13380,13383,13386],{},[36,13378,13379],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,13381,13382],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,13384,13385],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,13387,13388],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13390,267],{},[56,13392,13394],{"className":58,"code":13393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13395,13396,13435,13451,13455,13475,13479,13498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13397,13398,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13426,13428,13430,13433],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13399,13400],{"class":71},"settings ",[65,13402,76],{"class":75},[65,13404,80],{"class":79},[65,13406,488],{"class":487},[65,13408,12070],{"class":491},[65,13410,488],{"class":487},[65,13412,191],{"class":79},[65,13414,499],{"class":487},[65,13416,12079],{"class":491},[65,13418,488],{"class":487},[65,13420,87],{"class":79},[65,13422,499],{"class":487},[65,13424,13425],{"class":491},"font_size",[65,13427,488],{"class":487},[65,13429,191],{"class":79},[65,13431,13432],{"class":83}," 14",[65,13434,98],{"class":79},[65,13436,13437,13440,13442,13445,13447,13449],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13438,13439],{"class":71},"settings_backup ",[65,13441,76],{"class":75},[65,13443,13444],{"class":71}," settings",[65,13446,144],{"class":79},[65,13448,12487],{"class":147},[65,13450,8220],{"class":79},[65,13452,13453],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13454,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13456,13457,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13458,13459],{"class":71},"settings",[65,13461,3469],{"class":79},[65,13463,488],{"class":487},[65,13465,13425],{"class":491},[65,13467,488],{"class":487},[65,13469,12848],{"class":79},[65,13471,12851],{"class":75},[65,13473,13474],{"class":83}," 16\n",[65,13476,13477],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,13478,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13480,13481,13483,13485,13487,13490,13492,13494,13496],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,13482,164],{"class":163},[65,13484,151],{"class":79},[65,13486,488],{"class":487},[65,13488,13489],{"class":491},"Current:",[65,13491,488],{"class":487},[65,13493,87],{"class":79},[65,13495,13444],{"class":147},[65,13497,157],{"class":79},[65,13499,13500,13502,13504,13506,13509,13511,13513,13516],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,13501,164],{"class":163},[65,13503,151],{"class":79},[65,13505,488],{"class":487},[65,13507,13508],{"class":491},"Backup:",[65,13510,488],{"class":487},[65,13512,87],{"class":79},[65,13514,13515],{"class":147}," settings_backup",[65,13517,157],{"class":79},[20,13519,13520],{},[43,13521,350],{},[56,13523,13525],{"className":58,"code":13524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13526,13527,13565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13528,13529,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13530,13531],{"class":71},"Current",[65,13533,191],{"class":79},[65,13535,80],{"class":79},[65,13537,594],{"class":487},[65,13539,12070],{"class":491},[65,13541,594],{"class":487},[65,13543,191],{"class":79},[65,13545,603],{"class":487},[65,13547,12079],{"class":491},[65,13549,594],{"class":487},[65,13551,87],{"class":79},[65,13553,603],{"class":487},[65,13555,13425],{"class":491},[65,13557,594],{"class":487},[65,13559,191],{"class":79},[65,13561,13562],{"class":83}," 16",[65,13564,98],{"class":79},[65,13566,13567,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13568,13569],{"class":71},"Backup",[65,13571,191],{"class":79},[65,13573,80],{"class":79},[65,13575,594],{"class":487},[65,13577,12070],{"class":491},[65,13579,594],{"class":487},[65,13581,191],{"class":79},[65,13583,603],{"class":487},[65,13585,12079],{"class":491},[65,13587,594],{"class":487},[65,13589,87],{"class":79},[65,13591,603],{"class":487},[65,13593,13425],{"class":491},[65,13595,594],{"class":487},[65,13597,191],{"class":79},[65,13599,13432],{"class":83},[65,13601,98],{"class":79},[20,13603,13604,13605,214,13611,144],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[210,13606,13608],{"href":13607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13609,13610],{},"dict.update()",[210,13612,13613],{"href":12399},[15,13614,10902],{},[51,13616,13618,13620],{"id":13617},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13619,12352],{}," vs assignment",[20,13622,13623],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13625,7994,13626,13628,13629,13631],{},[15,13627,76],{}," does ",[43,13630,45],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1286,13633,13635],{"id":13634},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[56,13637,13639],{"className":58,"code":13638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13640,13641,13673,13682,13686,13706,13710,13728,13748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13642,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13644,11661],{"class":71},[65,13646,76],{"class":75},[65,13648,80],{"class":79},[65,13650,488],{"class":487},[65,13652,1742],{"class":491},[65,13654,488],{"class":487},[65,13656,191],{"class":79},[65,13658,5066],{"class":83},[65,13660,87],{"class":79},[65,13662,499],{"class":487},[65,13664,11320],{"class":491},[65,13666,488],{"class":487},[65,13668,191],{"class":79},[65,13670,90],{"class":83},[65,13672,98],{"class":79},[65,13674,13675,13678,13680],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13676,13677],{"class":71},"assigned ",[65,13679,76],{"class":75},[65,13681,11699],{"class":71},[65,13683,13684],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13685,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13687,13688,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13689,13690],{"class":71},"assigned",[65,13692,3469],{"class":79},[65,13694,488],{"class":487},[65,13696,1742],{"class":491},[65,13698,488],{"class":487},[65,13700,12848],{"class":79},[65,13702,12851],{"class":75},[65,13704,13705],{"class":83}," 99\n",[65,13707,13708],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,13709,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13711,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,13713,164],{"class":163},[65,13715,151],{"class":79},[65,13717,488],{"class":487},[65,13719,12869],{"class":491},[65,13721,488],{"class":487},[65,13723,87],{"class":79},[65,13725,11736],{"class":147},[65,13727,157],{"class":79},[65,13729,13730,13732,13734,13736,13739,13741,13743,13746],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,13731,164],{"class":163},[65,13733,151],{"class":79},[65,13735,488],{"class":487},[65,13737,13738],{"class":491},"Assigned:",[65,13740,488],{"class":487},[65,13742,87],{"class":79},[65,13744,13745],{"class":147}," assigned",[65,13747,157],{"class":79},[65,13749,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,13751,164],{"class":163},[65,13753,151],{"class":79},[65,13755,11661],{"class":147},[65,13757,11769],{"class":3444},[65,13759,13745],{"class":147},[65,13761,157],{"class":79},[20,13763,13764],{},[43,13765,350],{},[56,13767,13769],{"className":58,"code":13768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13770,13771,13803,13836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13772,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13774,12911],{"class":71},[65,13776,191],{"class":79},[65,13778,80],{"class":79},[65,13780,594],{"class":487},[65,13782,1742],{"class":491},[65,13784,594],{"class":487},[65,13786,191],{"class":79},[65,13788,9774],{"class":83},[65,13790,87],{"class":79},[65,13792,603],{"class":487},[65,13794,11320],{"class":491},[65,13796,594],{"class":487},[65,13798,191],{"class":79},[65,13800,90],{"class":83},[65,13802,98],{"class":79},[65,13804,13805,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13806,13807],{"class":71},"Assigned",[65,13809,191],{"class":79},[65,13811,80],{"class":79},[65,13813,594],{"class":487},[65,13815,1742],{"class":491},[65,13817,594],{"class":487},[65,13819,191],{"class":79},[65,13821,9774],{"class":83},[65,13823,87],{"class":79},[65,13825,603],{"class":487},[65,13827,11320],{"class":491},[65,13829,594],{"class":487},[65,13831,191],{"class":79},[65,13833,90],{"class":83},[65,13835,98],{"class":79},[65,13837,13838],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13839,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,13841,7994,13843],{"id":13842},"using-copy",[15,13844,12352],{},[56,13846,13848],{"className":58,"code":13847,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13849,13850,13882,13897,13901,13920,13924,13942,13962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13851,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13853,11661],{"class":71},[65,13855,76],{"class":75},[65,13857,80],{"class":79},[65,13859,488],{"class":487},[65,13861,1742],{"class":491},[65,13863,488],{"class":487},[65,13865,191],{"class":79},[65,13867,5066],{"class":83},[65,13869,87],{"class":79},[65,13871,499],{"class":487},[65,13873,11320],{"class":491},[65,13875,488],{"class":487},[65,13877,191],{"class":79},[65,13879,90],{"class":83},[65,13881,98],{"class":79},[65,13883,13884,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,13885,13886],{"class":71},"copied ",[65,13888,76],{"class":75},[65,13890,11736],{"class":71},[65,13892,144],{"class":79},[65,13894,12487],{"class":147},[65,13896,8220],{"class":79},[65,13898,13899],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,13900,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13902,13903,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13904,13905],{"class":71},"copied",[65,13907,3469],{"class":79},[65,13909,488],{"class":487},[65,13911,1742],{"class":491},[65,13913,488],{"class":487},[65,13915,12848],{"class":79},[65,13917,12851],{"class":75},[65,13919,13705],{"class":83},[65,13921,13922],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,13923,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,13925,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,13927,164],{"class":163},[65,13929,151],{"class":79},[65,13931,488],{"class":487},[65,13933,12869],{"class":491},[65,13935,488],{"class":487},[65,13937,87],{"class":79},[65,13939,11736],{"class":147},[65,13941,157],{"class":79},[65,13943,13944,13946,13948,13950,13953,13955,13957,13960],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,13945,164],{"class":163},[65,13947,151],{"class":79},[65,13949,488],{"class":487},[65,13951,13952],{"class":491},"Copied:",[65,13954,488],{"class":487},[65,13956,87],{"class":79},[65,13958,13959],{"class":147}," copied",[65,13961,157],{"class":79},[65,13963,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,13965,164],{"class":163},[65,13967,151],{"class":79},[65,13969,11661],{"class":147},[65,13971,11769],{"class":3444},[65,13973,13959],{"class":147},[65,13975,157],{"class":79},[20,13977,13978],{},[43,13979,350],{},[56,13981,13983],{"className":58,"code":13982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13984,13985,14017,14050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13986,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13988,12911],{"class":71},[65,13990,191],{"class":79},[65,13992,80],{"class":79},[65,13994,594],{"class":487},[65,13996,1742],{"class":491},[65,13998,594],{"class":487},[65,14000,191],{"class":79},[65,14002,5066],{"class":83},[65,14004,87],{"class":79},[65,14006,603],{"class":487},[65,14008,11320],{"class":491},[65,14010,594],{"class":487},[65,14012,191],{"class":79},[65,14014,90],{"class":83},[65,14016,98],{"class":79},[65,14018,14019,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14020,14021],{"class":71},"Copied",[65,14023,191],{"class":79},[65,14025,80],{"class":79},[65,14027,594],{"class":487},[65,14029,1742],{"class":491},[65,14031,594],{"class":487},[65,14033,191],{"class":79},[65,14035,9774],{"class":83},[65,14037,87],{"class":79},[65,14039,603],{"class":487},[65,14041,11320],{"class":491},[65,14043,594],{"class":487},[65,14045,191],{"class":79},[65,14047,90],{"class":83},[65,14049,98],{"class":79},[65,14051,14052],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14053,3610],{"class":3419},[20,14055,14056],{},"Summary:",[33,14058,14059,14065],{},[36,14060,14061,14064],{},[15,14062,14063],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,14066,14067,14070],{},[15,14068,14069],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[51,14072,14074],{"id":14073},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14076,14077,191],{},[15,14078,12352],{},[33,14080,14081,14084,14087,14090],{},[36,14082,14083],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,14085,14086],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,14088,14089],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,14091,14092],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14094,267],{},[56,14096,14098],{"className":58,"code":14097,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14099,14100,14132,14148,14152,14170,14190,14194,14212],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14101,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14103,8744],{"class":71},[65,14105,76],{"class":75},[65,14107,80],{"class":79},[65,14109,488],{"class":487},[65,14111,210],{"class":491},[65,14113,488],{"class":487},[65,14115,191],{"class":79},[65,14117,5066],{"class":83},[65,14119,87],{"class":79},[65,14121,499],{"class":487},[65,14123,154],{"class":491},[65,14125,488],{"class":487},[65,14127,191],{"class":79},[65,14129,90],{"class":83},[65,14131,98],{"class":79},[65,14133,14134,14137,14139,14142,14144,14146],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14135,14136],{"class":71},"data_copy ",[65,14138,76],{"class":75},[65,14140,14141],{"class":71}," data",[65,14143,144],{"class":79},[65,14145,12487],{"class":147},[65,14147,8220],{"class":79},[65,14149,14150],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14151,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,14153,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14155,8783],{"class":71},[65,14157,3469],{"class":79},[65,14159,488],{"class":487},[65,14161,210],{"class":491},[65,14163,488],{"class":487},[65,14165,12848],{"class":79},[65,14167,12851],{"class":75},[65,14169,2153],{"class":83},[65,14171,14172,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,14173,14174],{"class":71},"data_copy",[65,14176,3469],{"class":79},[65,14178,488],{"class":487},[65,14180,154],{"class":491},[65,14182,488],{"class":487},[65,14184,12848],{"class":79},[65,14186,12851],{"class":75},[65,14188,14189],{"class":83}," 20\n",[65,14191,14192],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,14193,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,14195,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,14197,164],{"class":163},[65,14199,151],{"class":79},[65,14201,488],{"class":487},[65,14203,12869],{"class":491},[65,14205,488],{"class":487},[65,14207,87],{"class":79},[65,14209,14141],{"class":147},[65,14211,157],{"class":79},[65,14213,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14229],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,14215,164],{"class":163},[65,14217,151],{"class":79},[65,14219,488],{"class":487},[65,14221,12888],{"class":491},[65,14223,488],{"class":487},[65,14225,87],{"class":79},[65,14227,14228],{"class":147}," data_copy",[65,14230,157],{"class":79},[20,14232,14233],{},[43,14234,350],{},[56,14236,14238],{"className":58,"code":14237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14239,14240,14272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14243,12911],{"class":71},[65,14245,191],{"class":79},[65,14247,80],{"class":79},[65,14249,594],{"class":487},[65,14251,210],{"class":491},[65,14253,594],{"class":487},[65,14255,191],{"class":79},[65,14257,5574],{"class":83},[65,14259,87],{"class":79},[65,14261,603],{"class":487},[65,14263,154],{"class":491},[65,14265,594],{"class":487},[65,14267,191],{"class":79},[65,14269,90],{"class":83},[65,14271,98],{"class":79},[65,14273,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14275,12948],{"class":71},[65,14277,191],{"class":79},[65,14279,80],{"class":79},[65,14281,594],{"class":487},[65,14283,210],{"class":491},[65,14285,594],{"class":487},[65,14287,191],{"class":79},[65,14289,5066],{"class":83},[65,14291,87],{"class":79},[65,14293,603],{"class":487},[65,14295,154],{"class":491},[65,14297,594],{"class":487},[65,14299,191],{"class":79},[65,14301,7364],{"class":83},[65,14303,98],{"class":79},[51,14305,2396],{"id":2395},[20,14307,14308,14309,191],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14310,12010],{},[33,14312,14313,14320,14325,14330],{},[36,14314,7994,14315,10667,14317,14319],{},[15,14316,76],{},[15,14318,12352],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,14321,4148,14322,14324],{},[15,14323,12352],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,14326,14327,14328],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14329,12352],{},[36,14331,14332],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14334,14335],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[56,14337,14339],{"className":58,"code":14338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14340,14341,14351,14361,14375,14398,14421],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14342,14343,14345,14347,14349],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14344,164],{"class":163},[65,14346,151],{"class":79},[65,14348,11708],{"class":147},[65,14350,157],{"class":79},[65,14352,14353,14355,14357,14359],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14354,164],{"class":163},[65,14356,151],{"class":79},[65,14358,13905],{"class":147},[65,14360,157],{"class":79},[65,14362,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14364,164],{"class":163},[65,14366,151],{"class":79},[65,14368,11661],{"class":147},[65,14370,11769],{"class":3444},[65,14372,13959],{"class":147},[65,14374,157],{"class":79},[65,14376,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14392,14394,14396],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14378,164],{"class":163},[65,14380,151],{"class":79},[65,14382,12225],{"class":163},[65,14384,151],{"class":79},[65,14386,11708],{"class":147},[65,14388,8812],{"class":79},[65,14390,14391],{"class":163}," id",[65,14393,151],{"class":79},[65,14395,13905],{"class":147},[65,14397,1028],{"class":79},[65,14399,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14417,14419],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,14401,164],{"class":163},[65,14403,151],{"class":79},[65,14405,12225],{"class":163},[65,14407,151],{"class":79},[65,14409,11708],{"class":147},[65,14411,3469],{"class":79},[65,14413,488],{"class":487},[65,14415,14416],{"class":491},"key",[65,14418,488],{"class":487},[65,14420,2565],{"class":79},[65,14422,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,14424,164],{"class":163},[65,14426,151],{"class":79},[65,14428,12225],{"class":163},[65,14430,151],{"class":79},[65,14432,13905],{"class":147},[65,14434,3469],{"class":79},[65,14436,488],{"class":487},[65,14438,14416],{"class":491},[65,14440,488],{"class":487},[65,14442,2565],{"class":79},[20,14444,14445],{},"What these help you check:",[33,14447,14448,14451,14454],{},[36,14449,14450],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,14452,14453],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,14455,14456],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14458,14459,14460,144],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[210,14461,14463],{"href":14462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[51,14465,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,14467,1289,14469,14471],{"id":14468},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14470,12010],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14473,14474],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1286,14476,14478,14479,14481],{"id":14477},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14480,12010],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14483,14484],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1286,14486,1299,14488,634,14490,1304],{"id":14487},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14489,12352],{},[15,14491,76],{},[20,14493,14494,14496,14497,14499],{},[15,14495,12352],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14498,76],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1286,14501,14503],{"id":14502},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14505,14506],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[51,14508,1455],{"id":1454},[33,14510,14511,14515,14519,14523,14530,14536],{},[36,14512,14513],{},[210,14514,10818],{"href":12602},[36,14516,14517],{},[210,14518,8734],{"href":12599},[36,14520,14521],{},[210,14522,13365],{"href":13364},[36,14524,14525],{},[210,14526,10313,14527,1474],{"href":13607},[15,14528,14529],{},"update()",[36,14531,14532],{},[210,14533,10313,14534,1474],{"href":12399},[15,14535,10897],{},[36,14537,14538],{},[210,14539,14540],{"href":14462},"How to copy a list in Python",[1499,14542,14543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":14545},[14546,14547,14549,14550,14551,14552,14554,14560,14561,14562,14571],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":12571,"depth":101,"text":14548},"What the copy() method does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":13007,"depth":101,"text":13008},{"id":13368,"depth":101,"text":14553},"When to use copy()",{"id":13617,"depth":101,"text":14555,"children":14556},"copy() vs assignment",[14557,14558],{"id":13634,"depth":126,"text":13635},{"id":13842,"depth":126,"text":14559},"Using copy()",{"id":14073,"depth":101,"text":14074},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":14563},[14564,14566,14568,14570],{"id":14468,"depth":126,"text":14565},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14477,"depth":126,"text":14567},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14487,"depth":126,"text":14569},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14502,"depth":126,"text":14503},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12405,"description":14572},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14579,"title":14580,"body":14581,"description":16778,"extension":1528,"meta":16779,"navigation":129,"path":12602,"seo":16780,"stem":16781,"__hash__":16782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14582,"toc":16740},[14583,14586,14592,14601,14603,14679,14683,14732,14735,14739,14753,14756,14760,14773,14776,14809,14823,14826,14838,14842,14845,14853,14933,14937,14990,14994,15012,15014,15096,15099,15101,15104,15107,15130,15154,15158,15166,15169,15173,15182,15187,15244,15248,15281,15287,15293,15296,15351,15355,15405,15408,15414,15417,15425,15427,15472,15477,15486,15489,15492,15539,15541,15546,15549,15643,15647,15700,15703,15759,15762,15766,15769,15783,15787,15853,15857,15882,15885,15889,15967,15971,15974,15977,15997,16000,16053,16057,16060,16063,16076,16078,16167,16174,16177,16188,16190,16193,16213,16217,16220,16229,16232,16271,16275,16277,16286,16295,16297,16335,16339,16386,16390,16411,16415,16418,16530,16535,16633,16654,16656,16660,16667,16671,16677,16681,16684,16688,16691,16698,16706,16708,16734,16737],[10,14584,14580],{"id":14585},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14587,14588,14589,14591],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[43,14590,8710],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14593,14594,14595,214,14597,144],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[210,14596,8734],{"href":8733},[210,14598,14600],{"href":14599},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[51,14602,1570],{"id":1569},[56,14604,14606],{"className":58,"code":14605,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14607,14608,14616,14634,14648,14661,14665,14669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14609,14610,14612,14614],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14611,12439],{"class":71},[65,14613,76],{"class":75},[65,14615,11067],{"class":79},[65,14617,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14619,11072],{"class":487},[65,14621,7241],{"class":491},[65,14623,488],{"class":487},[65,14625,191],{"class":79},[65,14627,499],{"class":487},[65,14629,12456],{"class":491},[65,14631,488],{"class":487},[65,14633,11088],{"class":79},[65,14635,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14637,11072],{"class":487},[65,14639,8877],{"class":491},[65,14641,488],{"class":487},[65,14643,191],{"class":79},[65,14645,7364],{"class":83},[65,14647,11088],{"class":79},[65,14649,14650,14652,14655,14657,14659],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14651,11072],{"class":487},[65,14653,14654],{"class":491},"is_active",[65,14656,488],{"class":487},[65,14658,191],{"class":79},[65,14660,5993],{"class":3419},[65,14662,14663],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,14664,98],{"class":79},[65,14666,14667],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,14668,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,14670,14671,14673,14675,14677],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,14672,164],{"class":163},[65,14674,151],{"class":79},[65,14676,13200],{"class":147},[65,14678,157],{"class":79},[20,14680,14681],{},[43,14682,350],{},[56,14684,14686],{"className":58,"code":14685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14687,14688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14689,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14691,360],{"class":79},[65,14693,594],{"class":487},[65,14695,7241],{"class":491},[65,14697,594],{"class":487},[65,14699,191],{"class":79},[65,14701,603],{"class":487},[65,14703,12456],{"class":491},[65,14705,594],{"class":487},[65,14707,87],{"class":79},[65,14709,603],{"class":487},[65,14711,8877],{"class":491},[65,14713,594],{"class":487},[65,14715,191],{"class":79},[65,14717,7364],{"class":83},[65,14719,87],{"class":79},[65,14721,603],{"class":487},[65,14723,14654],{"class":491},[65,14725,594],{"class":487},[65,14727,191],{"class":79},[65,14729,3485],{"class":3419},[65,14731,98],{"class":79},[20,14733,14734],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[51,14736,14738],{"id":14737},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,14740,14741,14744,14747,14750],{},[36,14742,14743],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,14745,14746],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,14748,14749],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,14751,14752],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[51,14754,14743],{"id":14755},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14757,8707,14758,144],{},[43,14759,8710],{},[33,14761,14762,14768],{},[36,14763,14764,14765,14767],{},"A ",[43,14766,14416],{}," is the label",[36,14769,14764,14770,14772],{},[43,14771,2040],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14774,14775],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[56,14777,14779],{"className":58,"code":14778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14780,14781,14789,14805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14782,14783,14785,14787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14784,12439],{"class":71},[65,14786,76],{"class":75},[65,14788,11067],{"class":79},[65,14790,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14792,11072],{"class":487},[65,14794,7241],{"class":491},[65,14796,488],{"class":487},[65,14798,191],{"class":79},[65,14800,499],{"class":487},[65,14802,12456],{"class":491},[65,14804,2925],{"class":487},[65,14806,14807],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14808,98],{"class":79},[33,14810,14811,14817],{},[36,14812,14813,14816],{},[15,14814,14815],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,14818,14819,14822],{},[15,14820,14821],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14824,14825],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,14827,14828,14830,14832,14835],{},[36,14829,7241],{},[36,14831,8877],{},[36,14833,14834],{},"email",[36,14836,14837],{},"country",[51,14839,14841],{"id":14840},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14843,14844],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14846,1660,14847,14849,14850,144],{},[15,14848,3358],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14851,14852],{},"key: value",[56,14854,14856],{"className":58,"code":14855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14857,14858,14866,14884,14898,14915,14919,14923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14859,14860,14862,14864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14861,12439],{"class":71},[65,14863,76],{"class":75},[65,14865,11067],{"class":79},[65,14867,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,14869,11072],{"class":487},[65,14871,7241],{"class":491},[65,14873,488],{"class":487},[65,14875,191],{"class":79},[65,14877,499],{"class":487},[65,14879,12456],{"class":491},[65,14881,488],{"class":487},[65,14883,11088],{"class":79},[65,14885,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,14887,11072],{"class":487},[65,14889,8877],{"class":491},[65,14891,488],{"class":487},[65,14893,191],{"class":79},[65,14895,7364],{"class":83},[65,14897,11088],{"class":79},[65,14899,14900,14902,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14901,11072],{"class":487},[65,14903,14904],{"class":491},"course",[65,14906,488],{"class":487},[65,14908,191],{"class":79},[65,14910,499],{"class":487},[65,14912,6869],{"class":491},[65,14914,2925],{"class":487},[65,14916,14917],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,14918,98],{"class":79},[65,14920,14921],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,14922,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,14924,14925,14927,14929,14931],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,14926,164],{"class":163},[65,14928,151],{"class":79},[65,14930,13200],{"class":147},[65,14932,157],{"class":79},[20,14934,14935],{},[43,14936,350],{},[56,14938,14940],{"className":58,"code":14939,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14941,14942],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14943,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14945,360],{"class":79},[65,14947,594],{"class":487},[65,14949,7241],{"class":491},[65,14951,594],{"class":487},[65,14953,191],{"class":79},[65,14955,603],{"class":487},[65,14957,12456],{"class":491},[65,14959,594],{"class":487},[65,14961,87],{"class":79},[65,14963,603],{"class":487},[65,14965,8877],{"class":491},[65,14967,594],{"class":487},[65,14969,191],{"class":79},[65,14971,7364],{"class":83},[65,14973,87],{"class":79},[65,14975,603],{"class":487},[65,14977,14904],{"class":491},[65,14979,594],{"class":487},[65,14981,191],{"class":79},[65,14983,603],{"class":487},[65,14985,6869],{"class":491},[65,14987,594],{"class":487},[65,14989,98],{"class":79},[1286,14991,14993],{"id":14992},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,14995,14996,15001,15006,15009],{},[36,14997,1660,14998,15000],{},[15,14999,3358],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,15002,15003,15004],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15005,14852],{},[36,15007,15008],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,15010,15011],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15013,267],{},[56,15015,15017],{"className":58,"code":15016,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15018,15019,15028,15048,15064,15077,15081,15085],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15020,15021,15024,15026],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15022,15023],{"class":71},"book ",[65,15025,76],{"class":75},[65,15027,11067],{"class":79},[65,15029,15030,15032,15035,15037,15039,15041,15044,15046],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15031,11072],{"class":487},[65,15033,15034],{"class":491},"title",[65,15036,488],{"class":487},[65,15038,191],{"class":79},[65,15040,499],{"class":487},[65,15042,15043],{"class":491},"Python Basics",[65,15045,488],{"class":487},[65,15047,11088],{"class":79},[65,15049,15050,15052,15055,15057,15059,15062],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15051,11072],{"class":487},[65,15053,15054],{"class":491},"pages",[65,15056,488],{"class":487},[65,15058,191],{"class":79},[65,15060,15061],{"class":83}," 150",[65,15063,11088],{"class":79},[65,15065,15066,15068,15071,15073,15075],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15067,11072],{"class":487},[65,15069,15070],{"class":491},"available",[65,15072,488],{"class":487},[65,15074,191],{"class":79},[65,15076,5993],{"class":3419},[65,15078,15079],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15080,98],{"class":79},[65,15082,15083],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,15084,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15086,15087,15089,15091,15094],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,15088,164],{"class":163},[65,15090,151],{"class":79},[65,15092,15093],{"class":147},"book",[65,15095,157],{"class":79},[20,15097,15098],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[51,15100,8980],{"id":8979},[20,15102,15103],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15105,15106],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[56,15108,15110],{"className":58,"code":15109,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15111,15112,15120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15113,15114,15116,15118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15115,8744],{"class":71},[65,15117,76],{"class":75},[65,15119,9416],{"class":79},[65,15121,15122,15124,15126,15128],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15123,164],{"class":163},[65,15125,151],{"class":79},[65,15127,8783],{"class":147},[65,15129,157],{"class":79},[56,15131,15132],{"className":58,"code":8983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,15133,15134,15144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15135,15136,15138,15140,15142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15137,8744],{"class":71},[65,15139,76],{"class":75},[65,15141,8749],{"class":1259},[65,15143,8220],{"class":79},[65,15145,15146,15148,15150,15152],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15147,164],{"class":163},[65,15149,151],{"class":79},[65,15151,8783],{"class":147},[65,15153,157],{"class":79},[20,15155,15156],{},[43,15157,350],{},[56,15159,15160],{"className":58,"code":9012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,15161,15162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15163,15164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15165,9012],{"class":79},[20,15167,15168],{},"Both are correct.",[1286,15170,15172],{"id":15171},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15174,15175,15177,15178,15181],{},[15,15176,3358],{}," creates an empty ",[43,15179,15180],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15183,15184,15185,144],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15186,3363],{},[56,15188,15190],{"className":58,"code":15189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15191,15192,15200,15211,15215,15229],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15193,15194,15196,15198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15195,11299],{"class":71},[65,15197,76],{"class":75},[65,15199,9416],{"class":79},[65,15201,15202,15205,15207,15209],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15203,15204],{"class":71},"my_set ",[65,15206,76],{"class":75},[65,15208,1386],{"class":1259},[65,15210,8220],{"class":79},[65,15212,15213],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15214,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15216,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15218,164],{"class":163},[65,15220,151],{"class":79},[65,15222,1260],{"class":1259},[65,15224,151],{"class":79},[65,15226,11025],{"class":147},[65,15228,1028],{"class":79},[65,15230,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15242],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15232,164],{"class":163},[65,15234,151],{"class":79},[65,15236,1260],{"class":1259},[65,15238,151],{"class":79},[65,15240,15241],{"class":147},"my_set",[65,15243,1028],{"class":79},[20,15245,15246],{},[43,15247,350],{},[56,15249,15251],{"className":58,"code":15250,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15252,15253,15267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15254,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15256,2857],{"class":75},[65,15258,2860],{"class":1632},[65,15260,603],{"class":487},[65,15262,8399],{"class":491},[65,15264,594],{"class":487},[65,15266,2869],{"class":75},[65,15268,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15270,2857],{"class":75},[65,15272,2860],{"class":1632},[65,15274,603],{"class":487},[65,15276,1401],{"class":491},[65,15278,594],{"class":487},[65,15280,2869],{"class":75},[51,15282,15284,15285],{"id":15283},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15286,8698],{},[20,15288,15289,15290,15292],{},"You can also use ",[15,15291,8698],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15294,15295],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[56,15297,15299],{"className":58,"code":15298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15300,15301,15341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15302,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15330,15332,15335,15337,15339],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15304,12439],{"class":71},[65,15306,76],{"class":75},[65,15308,8749],{"class":1259},[65,15310,151],{"class":79},[65,15312,7241],{"class":8754},[65,15314,76],{"class":75},[65,15316,488],{"class":487},[65,15318,12456],{"class":491},[65,15320,488],{"class":487},[65,15322,87],{"class":79},[65,15324,8767],{"class":8754},[65,15326,76],{"class":75},[65,15328,15329],{"class":83},"20",[65,15331,87],{"class":79},[65,15333,15334],{"class":8754}," active",[65,15336,76],{"class":75},[65,15338,3172],{"class":3419},[65,15340,157],{"class":79},[65,15342,15343,15345,15347,15349],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15344,164],{"class":163},[65,15346,151],{"class":79},[65,15348,13200],{"class":147},[65,15350,157],{"class":79},[20,15352,15353],{},[43,15354,350],{},[56,15356,15358],{"className":58,"code":15357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15359,15360],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15361,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15397,15399,15401,15403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15363,360],{"class":79},[65,15365,594],{"class":487},[65,15367,7241],{"class":491},[65,15369,594],{"class":487},[65,15371,191],{"class":79},[65,15373,603],{"class":487},[65,15375,12456],{"class":491},[65,15377,594],{"class":487},[65,15379,87],{"class":79},[65,15381,603],{"class":487},[65,15383,8877],{"class":491},[65,15385,594],{"class":487},[65,15387,191],{"class":79},[65,15389,7364],{"class":83},[65,15391,87],{"class":79},[65,15393,603],{"class":487},[65,15395,15396],{"class":491},"active",[65,15398,594],{"class":487},[65,15400,191],{"class":79},[65,15402,3485],{"class":3419},[65,15404,98],{"class":79},[20,15406,15407],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1286,15409,15411,15412],{"id":15410},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15413,8698],{},[20,15415,15416],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,15418,15419,15422],{},[36,15420,15421],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,15423,15424],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15426,6259],{},[56,15428,15430],{"className":58,"code":15429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15431,15432,15462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15433,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15435,11062],{"class":71},[65,15437,76],{"class":75},[65,15439,8749],{"class":1259},[65,15441,151],{"class":79},[65,15443,7241],{"class":8754},[65,15445,76],{"class":75},[65,15447,488],{"class":487},[65,15449,7250],{"class":491},[65,15451,488],{"class":487},[65,15453,87],{"class":79},[65,15455,8767],{"class":8754},[65,15457,76],{"class":75},[65,15459,8772],{"class":83},[65,15461,157],{"class":79},[65,15463,15464,15466,15468,15470],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15465,164],{"class":163},[65,15467,151],{"class":79},[65,15469,11156],{"class":147},[65,15471,157],{"class":79},[20,15473,4196,15474,15476],{},[43,15475,45],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[56,15478,15480],{"className":58,"code":15479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15481,15482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15483,15484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15485,15479],{"class":175},[20,15487,15488],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15490,15491],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[56,15493,15495],{"className":58,"code":15494,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15496,15497,15505,15521,15525,15529],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15498,15499,15501,15503],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15500,11062],{"class":71},[65,15502,76],{"class":75},[65,15504,11067],{"class":79},[65,15506,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15508,11072],{"class":487},[65,15510,10072],{"class":491},[65,15512,488],{"class":487},[65,15514,191],{"class":79},[65,15516,499],{"class":487},[65,15518,7250],{"class":491},[65,15520,2925],{"class":487},[65,15522,15523],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15524,98],{"class":79},[65,15526,15527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15528,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15530,15531,15533,15535,15537],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15532,164],{"class":163},[65,15534,151],{"class":79},[65,15536,11156],{"class":147},[65,15538,157],{"class":79},[51,15540,9022],{"id":9021},[20,15542,15543,15545],{},[15,15544,8698],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15547,15548],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[56,15550,15552],{"className":58,"code":15551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15553,15554,15611,15615,15629,15633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15555,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15607,15609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15557,8794],{"class":71},[65,15559,76],{"class":75},[65,15561,8799],{"class":79},[65,15563,488],{"class":487},[65,15565,7241],{"class":491},[65,15567,488],{"class":487},[65,15569,87],{"class":79},[65,15571,499],{"class":487},[65,15573,12456],{"class":491},[65,15575,488],{"class":487},[65,15577,8812],{"class":79},[65,15579,8815],{"class":79},[65,15581,488],{"class":487},[65,15583,8877],{"class":491},[65,15585,488],{"class":487},[65,15587,87],{"class":79},[65,15589,7364],{"class":83},[65,15591,8812],{"class":79},[65,15593,8815],{"class":79},[65,15595,488],{"class":487},[65,15597,9986],{"class":491},[65,15599,488],{"class":487},[65,15601,87],{"class":79},[65,15603,499],{"class":487},[65,15605,15606],{"class":491},"Lima",[65,15608,488],{"class":487},[65,15610,8828],{"class":79},[65,15612,15613],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15614,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15616,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15618,12439],{"class":71},[65,15620,76],{"class":75},[65,15622,8749],{"class":1259},[65,15624,151],{"class":79},[65,15626,8841],{"class":147},[65,15628,157],{"class":79},[65,15630,15631],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15632,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15634,15635,15637,15639,15641],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15636,164],{"class":163},[65,15638,151],{"class":79},[65,15640,13200],{"class":147},[65,15642,157],{"class":79},[20,15644,15645],{},[43,15646,350],{},[56,15648,15650],{"className":58,"code":15649,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15651,15652],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15653,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15655,360],{"class":79},[65,15657,594],{"class":487},[65,15659,7241],{"class":491},[65,15661,594],{"class":487},[65,15663,191],{"class":79},[65,15665,603],{"class":487},[65,15667,12456],{"class":491},[65,15669,594],{"class":487},[65,15671,87],{"class":79},[65,15673,603],{"class":487},[65,15675,8877],{"class":491},[65,15677,594],{"class":487},[65,15679,191],{"class":79},[65,15681,7364],{"class":83},[65,15683,87],{"class":79},[65,15685,603],{"class":487},[65,15687,9986],{"class":491},[65,15689,594],{"class":487},[65,15691,191],{"class":79},[65,15693,603],{"class":487},[65,15695,15606],{"class":491},[65,15697,594],{"class":487},[65,15699,98],{"class":79},[20,15701,15702],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[56,15704,15706],{"className":58,"code":15705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15707,15708,15749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15709,15710,15712,15714,15716,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15711,12439],{"class":71},[65,15713,76],{"class":75},[65,15715,8749],{"class":1259},[65,15717,15718],{"class":79},"(((",[65,15720,488],{"class":487},[65,15722,7241],{"class":491},[65,15724,488],{"class":487},[65,15726,87],{"class":79},[65,15728,499],{"class":487},[65,15730,12456],{"class":491},[65,15732,488],{"class":487},[65,15734,8812],{"class":79},[65,15736,8815],{"class":79},[65,15738,488],{"class":487},[65,15740,8877],{"class":491},[65,15742,488],{"class":487},[65,15744,87],{"class":79},[65,15746,7364],{"class":83},[65,15748,2478],{"class":79},[65,15750,15751,15753,15755,15757],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15752,164],{"class":163},[65,15754,151],{"class":79},[65,15756,13200],{"class":147},[65,15758,157],{"class":79},[20,15760,15761],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[51,15763,15765],{"id":15764},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15767,15768],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,15770,15771,15774,15777,15780],{},[36,15772,15773],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,15775,15776],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,15778,15779],{},"Values can repeat",[36,15781,15782],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1286,15784,15786],{"id":15785},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[56,15788,15790],{"className":58,"code":15789,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15791,15792,15800,15818,15835,15839,15843],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15793,15794,15796,15798],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15795,8744],{"class":71},[65,15797,76],{"class":75},[65,15799,11067],{"class":79},[65,15801,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15803,11072],{"class":487},[65,15805,7241],{"class":491},[65,15807,488],{"class":487},[65,15809,191],{"class":79},[65,15811,499],{"class":487},[65,15813,12456],{"class":491},[65,15815,488],{"class":487},[65,15817,11088],{"class":79},[65,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15833],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15821,11072],{"class":487},[65,15823,7241],{"class":491},[65,15825,488],{"class":487},[65,15827,191],{"class":79},[65,15829,499],{"class":487},[65,15831,15832],{"class":491},"Maria",[65,15834,2925],{"class":487},[65,15836,15837],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15838,98],{"class":79},[65,15840,15841],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15842,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15844,15845,15847,15849,15851],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,15846,164],{"class":163},[65,15848,151],{"class":79},[65,15850,8783],{"class":147},[65,15852,157],{"class":79},[20,15854,15855],{},[43,15856,350],{},[56,15858,15860],{"className":58,"code":15859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15861,15862],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15863,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15865,360],{"class":79},[65,15867,594],{"class":487},[65,15869,7241],{"class":491},[65,15871,594],{"class":487},[65,15873,191],{"class":79},[65,15875,603],{"class":487},[65,15877,15832],{"class":491},[65,15879,594],{"class":487},[65,15881,98],{"class":79},[20,15883,15884],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1286,15886,15888],{"id":15887},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[56,15890,15892],{"className":58,"code":15891,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15893,15894,15902,15918,15934,15948,15952,15956],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15895,15896,15898,15900],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15897,4632],{"class":71},[65,15899,76],{"class":75},[65,15901,11067],{"class":79},[65,15903,15904,15907,15909,15911,15914,15916],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15905,15906],{"class":83},"    1",[65,15908,191],{"class":79},[65,15910,499],{"class":487},[65,15912,15913],{"class":491},"low",[65,15915,488],{"class":487},[65,15917,11088],{"class":79},[65,15919,15920,15923,15925,15927,15930,15932],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15921,15922],{"class":83},"    2",[65,15924,191],{"class":79},[65,15926,499],{"class":487},[65,15928,15929],{"class":491},"medium",[65,15931,488],{"class":487},[65,15933,11088],{"class":79},[65,15935,15936,15939,15941,15943,15946],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15937,15938],{"class":83},"    3",[65,15940,191],{"class":79},[65,15942,499],{"class":487},[65,15944,15945],{"class":491},"high",[65,15947,2925],{"class":487},[65,15949,15950],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,15951,98],{"class":79},[65,15953,15954],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,15955,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,15957,15958,15960,15962,15965],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,15959,164],{"class":163},[65,15961,151],{"class":79},[65,15963,15964],{"class":147},"scores",[65,15966,157],{"class":79},[1286,15968,15970],{"id":15969},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15972,15973],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15975,15976],{},"This will cause an error:",[56,15978,15980],{"className":58,"code":15979,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15981,15982,15987,15992],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15983,15984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15985,15986],{"class":175},"# bad = {\n",[65,15988,15989],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,15990,15991],{"class":175},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[65,15993,15994],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,15995,15996],{"class":175},"# }\n",[20,15998,15999],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[56,16001,16003],{"className":58,"code":16002,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16004,16005,16014,16034,16038,16042],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16006,16007,16010,16012],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16008,16009],{"class":71},"good ",[65,16011,76],{"class":75},[65,16013,11067],{"class":79},[65,16015,16016,16019,16021,16023,16025,16028,16030,16032],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16017,16018],{"class":79},"    (",[65,16020,84],{"class":83},[65,16022,87],{"class":79},[65,16024,90],{"class":83},[65,16026,16027],{"class":79},"):",[65,16029,499],{"class":487},[65,16031,3215],{"class":491},[65,16033,2925],{"class":487},[65,16035,16036],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,16037,98],{"class":79},[65,16039,16040],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16041,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,16043,16044,16046,16048,16051],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,16045,164],{"class":163},[65,16047,151],{"class":79},[65,16049,16050],{"class":147},"good",[65,16052,157],{"class":79},[51,16054,16056],{"id":16055},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16058,16059],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16061,16062],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,16064,16065,16068,16070,16073],{},[36,16066,16067],{},"user data",[36,16069,13459],{},[36,16071,16072],{},"counters",[36,16074,16075],{},"lookups",[20,16077,267],{},[56,16079,16081],{"className":58,"code":16080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16082,16083,16091,16110,16129,16141,16145,16149],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16084,16085,16087,16089],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16086,11062],{"class":71},[65,16088,76],{"class":75},[65,16090,11067],{"class":79},[65,16092,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16106,16108],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16094,11072],{"class":487},[65,16096,7560],{"class":491},[65,16098,488],{"class":487},[65,16100,191],{"class":79},[65,16102,499],{"class":487},[65,16104,16105],{"class":491},"ana123",[65,16107,488],{"class":487},[65,16109,11088],{"class":79},[65,16111,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16125,16127],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,16113,11072],{"class":487},[65,16115,14834],{"class":491},[65,16117,488],{"class":487},[65,16119,191],{"class":79},[65,16121,499],{"class":487},[65,16123,16124],{"class":491},"ana@example.com",[65,16126,488],{"class":487},[65,16128,11088],{"class":79},[65,16130,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16132,11072],{"class":487},[65,16134,12090],{"class":491},[65,16136,488],{"class":487},[65,16138,191],{"class":79},[65,16140,5993],{"class":3419},[65,16142,16143],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,16144,98],{"class":79},[65,16146,16147],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,16148,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,16150,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,16152,164],{"class":163},[65,16154,151],{"class":79},[65,16156,11156],{"class":147},[65,16158,3469],{"class":79},[65,16160,488],{"class":487},[65,16162,14834],{"class":491},[65,16164,488],{"class":487},[65,16166,3457],{"class":79},[20,16168,16169,16170,144],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[210,16171,16173],{"href":16172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16175,16176],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,16178,16179,16182,16185],{},[36,16180,16181],{},"labels are not needed",[36,16183,16184],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,16186,16187],{},"order matters more than named fields",[51,16189,2396],{"id":2395},[20,16191,16192],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,16194,16195,16198,16201,16204,16207],{},[36,16196,16197],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,16199,16200],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,16202,16203],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,16205,16206],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,16208,16209,16210,16212],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16211,3358],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1286,16214,16216],{"id":16215},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16218,16219],{},"Wrong:",[56,16221,16223],{"className":58,"code":16222,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16224,16225],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16226,16227],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16228,16222],{"class":175},[20,16230,16231],{},"Correct:",[56,16233,16235],{"className":58,"code":16234,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16236,16237,16261],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16238,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16240,12439],{"class":71},[65,16242,76],{"class":75},[65,16244,80],{"class":79},[65,16246,488],{"class":487},[65,16248,7241],{"class":491},[65,16250,488],{"class":487},[65,16252,191],{"class":79},[65,16254,499],{"class":487},[65,16256,12456],{"class":491},[65,16258,488],{"class":487},[65,16260,98],{"class":79},[65,16262,16263,16265,16267,16269],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16264,164],{"class":163},[65,16266,151],{"class":79},[65,16268,13200],{"class":147},[65,16270,157],{"class":79},[1286,16272,16274],{"id":16273},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16276,16219],{},[56,16278,16280],{"className":58,"code":16279,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16281,16282],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16283,16284],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16285,16279],{"class":175},[20,16287,16288,16289,16291,16292,16294],{},"This only works if ",[15,16290,7241],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16293,14815],{},", use quotes.",[20,16296,16231],{},[56,16298,16299],{"className":58,"code":16234,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,16300,16301,16325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16302,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16304,12439],{"class":71},[65,16306,76],{"class":75},[65,16308,80],{"class":79},[65,16310,488],{"class":487},[65,16312,7241],{"class":491},[65,16314,488],{"class":487},[65,16316,191],{"class":79},[65,16318,499],{"class":487},[65,16320,12456],{"class":491},[65,16322,488],{"class":487},[65,16324,98],{"class":79},[65,16326,16327,16329,16331,16333],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16328,164],{"class":163},[65,16330,151],{"class":79},[65,16332,13200],{"class":147},[65,16334,157],{"class":79},[1286,16336,16338],{"id":16337},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[56,16340,16342],{"className":58,"code":16341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16343,16344,16376],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16345,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16347,8744],{"class":71},[65,16349,76],{"class":75},[65,16351,80],{"class":79},[65,16353,488],{"class":487},[65,16355,8877],{"class":491},[65,16357,488],{"class":487},[65,16359,191],{"class":79},[65,16361,7364],{"class":83},[65,16363,87],{"class":79},[65,16365,499],{"class":487},[65,16367,8877],{"class":491},[65,16369,488],{"class":487},[65,16371,191],{"class":79},[65,16373,7369],{"class":83},[65,16375,98],{"class":79},[65,16377,16378,16380,16382,16384],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16379,164],{"class":163},[65,16381,151],{"class":79},[65,16383,8783],{"class":147},[65,16385,157],{"class":79},[20,16387,16388],{},[43,16389,350],{},[56,16391,16393],{"className":58,"code":16392,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16394,16395],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16396,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16398,360],{"class":79},[65,16400,594],{"class":487},[65,16402,8877],{"class":491},[65,16404,594],{"class":487},[65,16406,191],{"class":79},[65,16408,7369],{"class":83},[65,16410,98],{"class":79},[51,16412,16414],{"id":16413},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16416,16417],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[56,16419,16421],{"className":58,"code":16420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16422,16423,16459,16463,16473,16487,16502,16516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16424,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16426,11299],{"class":71},[65,16428,76],{"class":75},[65,16430,80],{"class":79},[65,16432,488],{"class":487},[65,16434,7241],{"class":491},[65,16436,488],{"class":487},[65,16438,191],{"class":79},[65,16440,499],{"class":487},[65,16442,12456],{"class":491},[65,16444,488],{"class":487},[65,16446,87],{"class":79},[65,16448,499],{"class":487},[65,16450,8877],{"class":491},[65,16452,488],{"class":487},[65,16454,191],{"class":79},[65,16456,7364],{"class":83},[65,16458,98],{"class":79},[65,16460,16461],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16462,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,16464,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,16466,164],{"class":163},[65,16468,151],{"class":79},[65,16470,11025],{"class":147},[65,16472,157],{"class":79},[65,16474,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16476,164],{"class":163},[65,16478,151],{"class":79},[65,16480,1260],{"class":1259},[65,16482,151],{"class":79},[65,16484,11025],{"class":147},[65,16486,1028],{"class":79},[65,16488,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16500],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,16490,164],{"class":163},[65,16492,151],{"class":79},[65,16494,11025],{"class":147},[65,16496,144],{"class":79},[65,16498,16499],{"class":147},"keys",[65,16501,6766],{"class":79},[65,16503,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512,16514],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,16505,164],{"class":163},[65,16507,151],{"class":79},[65,16509,11025],{"class":147},[65,16511,144],{"class":79},[65,16513,4928],{"class":147},[65,16515,6766],{"class":79},[65,16517,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,16519,164],{"class":163},[65,16521,151],{"class":79},[65,16523,10737],{"class":163},[65,16525,151],{"class":79},[65,16527,11025],{"class":147},[65,16529,1028],{"class":79},[20,16531,16532],{},[43,16533,16534],{},"Example output:",[56,16536,16538],{"className":58,"code":16537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16539,16540,16572,16586,16609,16628],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16541,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16543,360],{"class":79},[65,16545,594],{"class":487},[65,16547,7241],{"class":491},[65,16549,594],{"class":487},[65,16551,191],{"class":79},[65,16553,603],{"class":487},[65,16555,12456],{"class":491},[65,16557,594],{"class":487},[65,16559,87],{"class":79},[65,16561,603],{"class":487},[65,16563,8877],{"class":491},[65,16565,594],{"class":487},[65,16567,191],{"class":79},[65,16569,7364],{"class":83},[65,16571,98],{"class":79},[65,16573,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16575,2857],{"class":75},[65,16577,2860],{"class":1632},[65,16579,603],{"class":487},[65,16581,8399],{"class":491},[65,16583,594],{"class":487},[65,16585,2869],{"class":75},[65,16587,16588,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,16589,16590],{"class":147},"dict_keys",[65,16592,2552],{"class":79},[65,16594,594],{"class":487},[65,16596,7241],{"class":491},[65,16598,594],{"class":487},[65,16600,87],{"class":79},[65,16602,603],{"class":487},[65,16604,8877],{"class":491},[65,16606,594],{"class":487},[65,16608,3457],{"class":79},[65,16610,16611,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16612,16613],{"class":147},"dict_values",[65,16615,2552],{"class":79},[65,16617,594],{"class":487},[65,16619,12456],{"class":491},[65,16621,594],{"class":487},[65,16623,87],{"class":79},[65,16625,7364],{"class":83},[65,16627,3457],{"class":79},[65,16629,16630],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,16631,16632],{"class":83},"2\n",[20,16634,16635,16636,1491,16642,1494,16648,144],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[210,16637,10313,16639],{"href":16638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16640,16641],{},"keys()",[210,16643,10313,16645],{"href":16644},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16646,16647],{},"values()",[210,16649,10313,16651],{"href":16650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16652,16653],{},"items()",[51,16655,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,16657,16659],{"id":16658},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16661,1660,16662,214,16664,16666],{},[15,16663,3358],{},[15,16665,8698],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1286,16668,16670],{"id":16669},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16672,16673,16674,144],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16675,16676],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1286,16678,16680],{"id":16679},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16682,16683],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1286,16685,16687],{"id":16686},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16689,16690],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1286,16692,1299,16694,634,16696,1304],{"id":16693},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16695,3358],{},[15,16697,8698],{},[20,16699,16700,16702,16703,16705],{},[15,16701,3358],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16704,8698],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[51,16707,1455],{"id":1454},[33,16709,16710,16714,16720,16724,16730],{},[36,16711,16712],{},[210,16713,8734],{"href":8733},[36,16715,16716],{},[210,16717,10313,16718,1474],{"href":10312},[15,16719,10316],{},[36,16721,16722],{},[210,16723,10827],{"href":10307},[36,16725,16726],{},[210,16727,16729],{"href":16728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,16731,16732],{},[210,16733,10838],{"href":10650},[20,16735,16736],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1499,16738,16739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":16741},[16742,16743,16744,16745,16748,16751,16756,16757,16762,16763,16768,16769,16777],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":14755,"depth":101,"text":14743},{"id":14840,"depth":101,"text":14841,"children":16746},[16747],{"id":14992,"depth":126,"text":14993},{"id":8979,"depth":101,"text":8980,"children":16749},[16750],{"id":15171,"depth":126,"text":15172},{"id":15283,"depth":101,"text":16752,"children":16753},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16754],{"id":15410,"depth":126,"text":16755},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9021,"depth":101,"text":9022},{"id":15764,"depth":101,"text":15765,"children":16758},[16759,16760,16761],{"id":15785,"depth":126,"text":15786},{"id":15887,"depth":126,"text":15888},{"id":15969,"depth":126,"text":15970},{"id":16055,"depth":101,"text":16056},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":16764},[16765,16766,16767],{"id":16215,"depth":126,"text":16216},{"id":16273,"depth":126,"text":16274},{"id":16337,"depth":126,"text":16338},{"id":16413,"depth":101,"text":16414},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":16770},[16771,16772,16773,16774,16775],{"id":16658,"depth":126,"text":16659},{"id":16669,"depth":126,"text":16670},{"id":16679,"depth":126,"text":16680},{"id":16686,"depth":126,"text":16687},{"id":16693,"depth":126,"text":16776},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14580,"description":16778},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16784,"title":16785,"body":16786,"description":19235,"extension":1528,"meta":19236,"navigation":129,"path":19237,"seo":19238,"stem":19239,"__hash__":19240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16787,"toc":19191},[16788,16794,16800,16803,16806,16808,16890,16896,16901,16905,16923,16935,16940,16944,16967,16971,16983,16991,16995,17001,17003,17006,17080,17082,17127,17129,17146,17151,17157,17162,17236,17238,17283,17286,17297,17299,17418,17420,17473,17480,17484,17487,17504,17510,17514,17612,17614,17666,17673,17677,17683,17686,17689,17716,17721,17725,17728,17832,17834,17879,17882,17885,17890,17895,17906,17908,17969,18029,18035,18043,18049,18054,18059,18119,18123,18190,18193,18197,18268,18270,18283,18290,18292,18296,18300,18371,18373,18410,18413,18416,18479,18486,18489,18531,18541,18544,18613,18619,18624,18708,18710,18759,18766,18772,18817,18819,18852,18857,18861,18867,18906,18950,19018,19061,19063,19069,19072,19076,19081,19085,19088,19092,19094,19155,19157,19183,19188],[10,16789,10894,16791,18],{"id":16790},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16792,16793],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16795,16796,16799],{},[15,16797,16798],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16801,16802],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16804,16805],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[51,16807,1570],{"id":1569},[56,16809,16811],{"className":58,"code":16810,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16812,16813,16846,16874,16885],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16814,16815,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840,16842,16844],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16816,16817],{"class":71},"keys ",[65,16819,76],{"class":75},[65,16821,1339],{"class":79},[65,16823,488],{"class":487},[65,16825,7241],{"class":491},[65,16827,488],{"class":487},[65,16829,87],{"class":79},[65,16831,499],{"class":487},[65,16833,8877],{"class":491},[65,16835,488],{"class":487},[65,16837,87],{"class":79},[65,16839,499],{"class":487},[65,16841,9986],{"class":491},[65,16843,488],{"class":487},[65,16845,1352],{"class":79},[65,16847,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16870,16872],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,16849,12779],{"class":71},[65,16851,76],{"class":75},[65,16853,8749],{"class":1259},[65,16855,144],{"class":79},[65,16857,16858],{"class":147},"fromkeys",[65,16860,151],{"class":79},[65,16862,16499],{"class":147},[65,16864,87],{"class":79},[65,16866,499],{"class":487},[65,16868,16869],{"class":491},"unknown",[65,16871,488],{"class":487},[65,16873,157],{"class":79},[65,16875,16876,16878,16880,16883],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,16877,164],{"class":163},[65,16879,151],{"class":79},[65,16881,16882],{"class":147},"person",[65,16884,157],{"class":79},[65,16886,16887],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16888,16889],{"class":175},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16891,1660,16892,16895],{},[15,16893,16894],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[51,16897,183,16899,186],{"id":16898},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16900,16798],{},[20,16902,16903,191],{},[15,16904,16798],{},[33,16906,16907,16910,16913,16916],{},[36,16908,16909],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,16911,16912],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,16914,16915],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,16917,16918,16919,16922],{},"Is called as ",[15,16920,16921],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16924,16925,16926,16928,16929,16931,16932,144],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16927,8399],{},", so you write ",[15,16930,16921],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16933,16934],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16936,16937,16938,144],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[210,16939,8734],{"href":12599},[51,16941,16943],{"id":16942},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[56,16945,16947],{"className":58,"code":16946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16948,16949],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16950,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16952,8399],{"class":1259},[65,16954,144],{"class":79},[65,16956,16858],{"class":147},[65,16958,151],{"class":79},[65,16960,3286],{"class":147},[65,16962,87],{"class":79},[65,16964,8010],{"class":147},[65,16966,157],{"class":79},[1286,16968,16970],{"id":16969},"parameters","Parameters",[33,16972,16973,16978],{},[36,16974,16975,16977],{},[15,16976,3286],{},": the keys to use",[36,16979,16980,16982],{},[15,16981,2040],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16984,16985,16986,16988,16989,144],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16987,2040],{},", each key gets ",[15,16990,3344],{},[1286,16992,16994],{"id":16993},"return-value","Return value",[20,16996,16997,16998,144],{},"It returns a ",[43,16999,17000],{},"new dictionary",[51,17002,5356],{"id":5355},[20,17004,17005],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[56,17007,17009],{"className":58,"code":17008,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17010,17011,17043,17065,17069],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17012,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17014,16817],{"class":71},[65,17016,76],{"class":75},[65,17018,1339],{"class":79},[65,17020,488],{"class":487},[65,17022,492],{"class":491},[65,17024,488],{"class":487},[65,17026,87],{"class":79},[65,17028,499],{"class":487},[65,17030,511],{"class":491},[65,17032,488],{"class":487},[65,17034,87],{"class":79},[65,17036,499],{"class":487},[65,17038,502],{"class":491},[65,17040,488],{"class":487},[65,17042,1352],{"class":79},[65,17044,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17046,12652],{"class":71},[65,17048,76],{"class":75},[65,17050,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17052,144],{"class":79},[65,17054,16858],{"class":147},[65,17056,151],{"class":79},[65,17058,16499],{"class":147},[65,17060,87],{"class":79},[65,17062,3400],{"class":83},[65,17064,157],{"class":79},[65,17066,17067],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,17068,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17070,17071,17073,17075,17078],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17072,164],{"class":163},[65,17074,151],{"class":79},[65,17076,17077],{"class":147},"colors",[65,17079,157],{"class":79},[20,17081,350],{},[56,17083,17085],{"className":58,"code":17084,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17086,17087],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17088,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17090,360],{"class":79},[65,17092,594],{"class":487},[65,17094,492],{"class":491},[65,17096,594],{"class":487},[65,17098,191],{"class":79},[65,17100,3400],{"class":83},[65,17102,87],{"class":79},[65,17104,603],{"class":487},[65,17106,511],{"class":491},[65,17108,594],{"class":487},[65,17110,191],{"class":79},[65,17112,3400],{"class":83},[65,17114,87],{"class":79},[65,17116,603],{"class":487},[65,17118,502],{"class":491},[65,17120,594],{"class":487},[65,17122,191],{"class":79},[65,17124,3400],{"class":83},[65,17126,98],{"class":79},[20,17128,11258],{},[33,17130,17131,17136,17141],{},[36,17132,17133,17135],{},[15,17134,16499],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,17137,17138,17140],{},[15,17139,1688],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,17142,17143,17145],{},[15,17144,16798],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17147,17148,17149,144],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[210,17150,8969],{"href":12602},[51,17152,7994,17154,17156],{"id":17153},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17155,16793],{}," without a value",[20,17158,17159,17160,144],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17161,3344],{},[56,17163,17165],{"className":58,"code":17164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17166,17167,17201,17221,17225],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17168,17169,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17197,17199],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17170,17171],{"class":71},"fields ",[65,17173,76],{"class":75},[65,17175,1339],{"class":79},[65,17177,488],{"class":487},[65,17179,7560],{"class":491},[65,17181,488],{"class":487},[65,17183,87],{"class":79},[65,17185,499],{"class":487},[65,17187,14834],{"class":491},[65,17189,488],{"class":487},[65,17191,87],{"class":79},[65,17193,499],{"class":487},[65,17195,17196],{"class":491},"password",[65,17198,488],{"class":487},[65,17200,1352],{"class":79},[65,17202,17203,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17219],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17204,17205],{"class":71},"user_data ",[65,17207,76],{"class":75},[65,17209,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17211,144],{"class":79},[65,17213,16858],{"class":147},[65,17215,151],{"class":79},[65,17217,17218],{"class":147},"fields",[65,17220,157],{"class":79},[65,17222,17223],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,17224,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17226,17227,17229,17231,17234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17228,164],{"class":163},[65,17230,151],{"class":79},[65,17232,17233],{"class":147},"user_data",[65,17235,157],{"class":79},[20,17237,350],{},[56,17239,17241],{"className":58,"code":17240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17242,17243],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17244,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17246,360],{"class":79},[65,17248,594],{"class":487},[65,17250,7560],{"class":491},[65,17252,594],{"class":487},[65,17254,191],{"class":79},[65,17256,3420],{"class":3419},[65,17258,87],{"class":79},[65,17260,603],{"class":487},[65,17262,14834],{"class":491},[65,17264,594],{"class":487},[65,17266,191],{"class":79},[65,17268,3420],{"class":3419},[65,17270,87],{"class":79},[65,17272,603],{"class":487},[65,17274,17196],{"class":491},[65,17276,594],{"class":487},[65,17278,191],{"class":79},[65,17280,3420],{"class":3419},[65,17282,98],{"class":79},[20,17284,17285],{},"This is useful when:",[33,17287,17288,17291,17294],{},[36,17289,17290],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,17292,17293],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,17295,17296],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17298,267],{},[56,17300,17302],{"className":58,"code":17301,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17303,17304,17336,17354,17358,17381,17404,17408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17305,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17307,17171],{"class":71},[65,17309,76],{"class":75},[65,17311,1339],{"class":79},[65,17313,488],{"class":487},[65,17315,7560],{"class":491},[65,17317,488],{"class":487},[65,17319,87],{"class":79},[65,17321,499],{"class":487},[65,17323,14834],{"class":491},[65,17325,488],{"class":487},[65,17327,87],{"class":79},[65,17329,499],{"class":487},[65,17331,17196],{"class":491},[65,17333,488],{"class":487},[65,17335,1352],{"class":79},[65,17337,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17339,17205],{"class":71},[65,17341,76],{"class":75},[65,17343,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17345,144],{"class":79},[65,17347,16858],{"class":147},[65,17349,151],{"class":79},[65,17351,17218],{"class":147},[65,17353,157],{"class":79},[65,17355,17356],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,17357,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17359,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17379],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17361,17233],{"class":71},[65,17363,3469],{"class":79},[65,17365,488],{"class":487},[65,17367,7560],{"class":491},[65,17369,488],{"class":487},[65,17371,12848],{"class":79},[65,17373,12851],{"class":75},[65,17375,499],{"class":487},[65,17377,17378],{"class":491},"alice",[65,17380,2925],{"class":487},[65,17382,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17402],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,17384,17233],{"class":71},[65,17386,3469],{"class":79},[65,17388,488],{"class":487},[65,17390,14834],{"class":491},[65,17392,488],{"class":487},[65,17394,12848],{"class":79},[65,17396,12851],{"class":75},[65,17398,499],{"class":487},[65,17400,17401],{"class":491},"alice@example.com",[65,17403,2925],{"class":487},[65,17405,17406],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,17407,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17409,17410,17412,17414,17416],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,17411,164],{"class":163},[65,17413,151],{"class":79},[65,17415,17233],{"class":147},[65,17417,157],{"class":79},[20,17419,350],{},[56,17421,17423],{"className":58,"code":17422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17424,17425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17426,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17428,360],{"class":79},[65,17430,594],{"class":487},[65,17432,7560],{"class":491},[65,17434,594],{"class":487},[65,17436,191],{"class":79},[65,17438,603],{"class":487},[65,17440,17378],{"class":491},[65,17442,594],{"class":487},[65,17444,87],{"class":79},[65,17446,603],{"class":487},[65,17448,14834],{"class":491},[65,17450,594],{"class":487},[65,17452,191],{"class":79},[65,17454,603],{"class":487},[65,17456,17401],{"class":491},[65,17458,594],{"class":487},[65,17460,87],{"class":79},[65,17462,603],{"class":487},[65,17464,17196],{"class":491},[65,17466,594],{"class":487},[65,17468,191],{"class":79},[65,17470,3420],{"class":3419},[65,17472,98],{"class":79},[20,17474,17475,17476,144],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[210,17477,17479],{"href":17478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[51,17481,17483],{"id":17482},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17485,17486],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,17488,17489,17494,17499],{},[36,17490,17491,17493],{},[15,17492,3353],{}," (list)",[36,17495,17496,17498],{},[15,17497,3358],{}," (dictionary)",[36,17500,17501,17503],{},[15,17502,3363],{}," (set)",[20,17505,17506,17507,144],{},"All keys will point to the ",[43,17508,17509],{},"same object",[1286,17511,17513],{"id":17512},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[56,17515,17517],{"className":58,"code":17516,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17518,17519,17551,17572,17576,17598,17602],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17520,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17522,16817],{"class":71},[65,17524,76],{"class":75},[65,17526,1339],{"class":79},[65,17528,488],{"class":487},[65,17530,210],{"class":491},[65,17532,488],{"class":487},[65,17534,87],{"class":79},[65,17536,499],{"class":487},[65,17538,154],{"class":491},[65,17540,488],{"class":487},[65,17542,87],{"class":79},[65,17544,499],{"class":487},[65,17546,9317],{"class":491},[65,17548,488],{"class":487},[65,17550,1352],{"class":79},[65,17552,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17554,8744],{"class":71},[65,17556,76],{"class":75},[65,17558,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17560,144],{"class":79},[65,17562,16858],{"class":147},[65,17564,151],{"class":79},[65,17566,16499],{"class":147},[65,17568,87],{"class":79},[65,17570,17571],{"class":79}," [])\n",[65,17573,17574],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,17575,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17577,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17579,8783],{"class":71},[65,17581,3469],{"class":79},[65,17583,488],{"class":487},[65,17585,210],{"class":491},[65,17587,488],{"class":487},[65,17589,13124],{"class":79},[65,17591,13127],{"class":147},[65,17593,151],{"class":79},[65,17595,84],{"class":83},[65,17597,157],{"class":79},[65,17599,17600],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,17601,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17603,17604,17606,17608,17610],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,17605,164],{"class":163},[65,17607,151],{"class":79},[65,17609,8783],{"class":147},[65,17611,157],{"class":79},[20,17613,350],{},[56,17615,17617],{"className":58,"code":17616,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17618,17619],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17620,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17622,360],{"class":79},[65,17624,594],{"class":487},[65,17626,210],{"class":491},[65,17628,594],{"class":487},[65,17630,191],{"class":79},[65,17632,1339],{"class":79},[65,17634,84],{"class":83},[65,17636,17637],{"class":79},"],",[65,17639,603],{"class":487},[65,17641,154],{"class":491},[65,17643,594],{"class":487},[65,17645,191],{"class":79},[65,17647,1339],{"class":79},[65,17649,84],{"class":83},[65,17651,17637],{"class":79},[65,17653,603],{"class":487},[65,17655,9317],{"class":491},[65,17657,594],{"class":487},[65,17659,191],{"class":79},[65,17661,1339],{"class":79},[65,17663,84],{"class":83},[65,17665,13280],{"class":79},[20,17667,17668,17669,17672],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17670,17671],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1286,17674,17676],{"id":17675},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17678,17679,17682],{},[15,17680,17681],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17684,17685],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17687,17688],{},"So this:",[56,17690,17692],{"className":58,"code":17691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17693,17694],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17695,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17697,8783],{"class":71},[65,17699,3469],{"class":79},[65,17701,488],{"class":487},[65,17703,210],{"class":491},[65,17705,488],{"class":487},[65,17707,13124],{"class":79},[65,17709,13127],{"class":147},[65,17711,151],{"class":79},[65,17713,84],{"class":83},[65,17715,157],{"class":79},[20,17717,17718,17719,144],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17720,17671],{},[1286,17722,17724],{"id":17723},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17726,17727],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[56,17729,17731],{"className":58,"code":17730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17732,17733,17765,17792,17796,17818,17822],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17734,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17736,16817],{"class":71},[65,17738,76],{"class":75},[65,17740,1339],{"class":79},[65,17742,488],{"class":487},[65,17744,210],{"class":491},[65,17746,488],{"class":487},[65,17748,87],{"class":79},[65,17750,499],{"class":487},[65,17752,154],{"class":491},[65,17754,488],{"class":487},[65,17756,87],{"class":79},[65,17758,499],{"class":487},[65,17760,9317],{"class":491},[65,17762,488],{"class":487},[65,17764,1352],{"class":79},[65,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17780,17782,17785,17787,17790],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17768,8744],{"class":71},[65,17770,76],{"class":75},[65,17772,80],{"class":79},[65,17774,14416],{"class":71},[65,17776,191],{"class":79},[65,17778,17779],{"class":79}," []",[65,17781,3445],{"class":3444},[65,17783,17784],{"class":71}," key ",[65,17786,3451],{"class":3444},[65,17788,17789],{"class":71}," keys",[65,17791,98],{"class":79},[65,17793,17794],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,17795,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17797,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17799,8783],{"class":71},[65,17801,3469],{"class":79},[65,17803,488],{"class":487},[65,17805,210],{"class":491},[65,17807,488],{"class":487},[65,17809,13124],{"class":79},[65,17811,13127],{"class":147},[65,17813,151],{"class":79},[65,17815,84],{"class":83},[65,17817,157],{"class":79},[65,17819,17820],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,17821,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,17823,17824,17826,17828,17830],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,17825,164],{"class":163},[65,17827,151],{"class":79},[65,17829,8783],{"class":147},[65,17831,157],{"class":79},[20,17833,350],{},[56,17835,17837],{"className":58,"code":17836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17838,17839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17840,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17842,360],{"class":79},[65,17844,594],{"class":487},[65,17846,210],{"class":491},[65,17848,594],{"class":487},[65,17850,191],{"class":79},[65,17852,1339],{"class":79},[65,17854,84],{"class":83},[65,17856,17637],{"class":79},[65,17858,603],{"class":487},[65,17860,154],{"class":491},[65,17862,594],{"class":487},[65,17864,191],{"class":79},[65,17866,17867],{"class":79}," [],",[65,17869,603],{"class":487},[65,17871,9317],{"class":491},[65,17873,594],{"class":487},[65,17875,191],{"class":79},[65,17877,17878],{"class":79}," []}\n",[20,17880,17881],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17883,17884],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[51,17886,4529,17888],{"id":17887},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17889,16793],{},[20,17891,17892,17894],{},[15,17893,16798],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,17896,17897,17900,17903],{},[36,17898,17899],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,17901,17902],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,17904,17905],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17907,1694],{},[56,17909,17911],{"className":58,"code":17910,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17912,17913,17958],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17914,17915,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17950,17952,17954,17956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17916,17917],{"class":71},"flags ",[65,17919,76],{"class":75},[65,17921,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17923,144],{"class":79},[65,17925,16858],{"class":147},[65,17927,2552],{"class":79},[65,17929,488],{"class":487},[65,17931,17932],{"class":491},"is_admin",[65,17934,488],{"class":487},[65,17936,87],{"class":79},[65,17938,499],{"class":487},[65,17940,14654],{"class":491},[65,17942,488],{"class":487},[65,17944,87],{"class":79},[65,17946,499],{"class":487},[65,17948,17949],{"class":491},"is_verified",[65,17951,488],{"class":487},[65,17953,17637],{"class":79},[65,17955,3476],{"class":3419},[65,17957,157],{"class":79},[65,17959,17960,17962,17964,17967],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,17961,164],{"class":163},[65,17963,151],{"class":79},[65,17965,17966],{"class":147},"flags",[65,17968,157],{"class":79},[56,17970,17972],{"className":58,"code":17971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17973,17974,18019],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17975,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17993,17995,17997,17999,18002,18004,18006,18008,18011,18013,18015,18017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17977,4632],{"class":71},[65,17979,76],{"class":75},[65,17981,8749],{"class":1259},[65,17983,144],{"class":79},[65,17985,16858],{"class":147},[65,17987,2552],{"class":79},[65,17989,488],{"class":487},[65,17991,17992],{"class":491},"math",[65,17994,488],{"class":487},[65,17996,87],{"class":79},[65,17998,499],{"class":487},[65,18000,18001],{"class":491},"science",[65,18003,488],{"class":487},[65,18005,87],{"class":79},[65,18007,499],{"class":487},[65,18009,18010],{"class":491},"history",[65,18012,488],{"class":487},[65,18014,17637],{"class":79},[65,18016,3400],{"class":83},[65,18018,157],{"class":79},[65,18020,18021,18023,18025,18027],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18022,164],{"class":163},[65,18024,151],{"class":79},[65,18026,15964],{"class":147},[65,18028,157],{"class":79},[20,18030,18031,18032,18034],{},"It is ",[43,18033,45],{}," the best choice when:",[33,18036,18037,18040],{},[36,18038,18039],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,18041,18042],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[51,18044,18046,18048],{"id":18045},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18047,16793],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18050,18051,18053],{},[15,18052,16793],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1286,18055,7994,18057],{"id":18056},"using-fromkeys",[15,18058,16793],{},[56,18060,18062],{"className":58,"code":18061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18063,18064,18109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18065,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18083,18085,18087,18089,18092,18094,18096,18098,18101,18103,18105,18107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18067,13400],{"class":71},[65,18069,76],{"class":75},[65,18071,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18073,144],{"class":79},[65,18075,16858],{"class":147},[65,18077,2552],{"class":79},[65,18079,488],{"class":487},[65,18081,18082],{"class":491},"sound",[65,18084,488],{"class":487},[65,18086,87],{"class":79},[65,18088,499],{"class":487},[65,18090,18091],{"class":491},"music",[65,18093,488],{"class":487},[65,18095,87],{"class":79},[65,18097,499],{"class":487},[65,18099,18100],{"class":491},"notifications",[65,18102,488],{"class":487},[65,18104,17637],{"class":79},[65,18106,3485],{"class":3419},[65,18108,157],{"class":79},[65,18110,18111,18113,18115,18117],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18112,164],{"class":163},[65,18114,151],{"class":79},[65,18116,13459],{"class":147},[65,18118,157],{"class":79},[1286,18120,18122],{"id":18121},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[56,18124,18126],{"className":58,"code":18125,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18127,18128,18136,18150,18164,18176,18180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18129,18130,18132,18134],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18131,13400],{"class":71},[65,18133,76],{"class":75},[65,18135,11067],{"class":79},[65,18137,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18139,11072],{"class":487},[65,18141,18082],{"class":491},[65,18143,488],{"class":487},[65,18145,191],{"class":79},[65,18147,3485],{"class":3419},[65,18149,11088],{"class":79},[65,18151,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18153,11072],{"class":487},[65,18155,18091],{"class":491},[65,18157,488],{"class":487},[65,18159,191],{"class":79},[65,18161,3476],{"class":3419},[65,18163,11088],{"class":79},[65,18165,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18167,11072],{"class":487},[65,18169,18100],{"class":491},[65,18171,488],{"class":487},[65,18173,191],{"class":79},[65,18175,5993],{"class":3419},[65,18177,18178],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,18179,98],{"class":79},[65,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,18183,164],{"class":163},[65,18185,151],{"class":79},[65,18187,13459],{"class":147},[65,18189,157],{"class":79},[20,18191,18192],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1286,18194,18196],{"id":18195},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[56,18198,18200],{"className":58,"code":18199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18201,18202,18234,18258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18203,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18205,16817],{"class":71},[65,18207,76],{"class":75},[65,18209,1339],{"class":79},[65,18211,488],{"class":487},[65,18213,210],{"class":491},[65,18215,488],{"class":487},[65,18217,87],{"class":79},[65,18219,499],{"class":487},[65,18221,154],{"class":491},[65,18223,488],{"class":487},[65,18225,87],{"class":79},[65,18227,499],{"class":487},[65,18229,9317],{"class":491},[65,18231,488],{"class":487},[65,18233,1352],{"class":79},[65,18235,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18237,8744],{"class":71},[65,18239,76],{"class":75},[65,18241,80],{"class":79},[65,18243,14416],{"class":71},[65,18245,191],{"class":79},[65,18247,17779],{"class":79},[65,18249,3445],{"class":3444},[65,18251,17784],{"class":71},[65,18253,3451],{"class":3444},[65,18255,17789],{"class":71},[65,18257,98],{"class":79},[65,18259,18260,18262,18264,18266],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18261,164],{"class":163},[65,18263,151],{"class":79},[65,18265,8783],{"class":147},[65,18267,157],{"class":79},[20,18269,784],{},[33,18271,18272,18277,18280],{},[36,18273,18274,18276],{},[15,18275,16793],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,18278,18279],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,18281,18282],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18284,18285,18286,144],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[210,18287,10313,18288,1474],{"href":13607},[15,18289,14529],{},[51,18291,2396],{"id":2395},[20,18293,14308,18294,144],{},[15,18295,16798],{},[1286,18297,18299],{"id":18298},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[56,18301,18303],{"className":58,"code":18302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18304,18305,18338,18361],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18306,18307,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18308,18309],{"class":71},"d ",[65,18311,76],{"class":75},[65,18313,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18315,144],{"class":79},[65,18317,16858],{"class":147},[65,18319,2552],{"class":79},[65,18321,488],{"class":487},[65,18323,210],{"class":491},[65,18325,488],{"class":487},[65,18327,87],{"class":79},[65,18329,499],{"class":487},[65,18331,154],{"class":491},[65,18333,488],{"class":487},[65,18335,17637],{"class":79},[65,18337,17571],{"class":79},[65,18339,18340,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18341,18342],{"class":71},"d",[65,18344,3469],{"class":79},[65,18346,488],{"class":487},[65,18348,210],{"class":491},[65,18350,488],{"class":487},[65,18352,13124],{"class":79},[65,18354,13127],{"class":147},[65,18356,151],{"class":79},[65,18358,84],{"class":83},[65,18360,157],{"class":79},[65,18362,18363,18365,18367,18369],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18364,164],{"class":163},[65,18366,151],{"class":79},[65,18368,18342],{"class":147},[65,18370,157],{"class":79},[20,18372,350],{},[56,18374,18376],{"className":58,"code":18375,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18377,18378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18379,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18381,360],{"class":79},[65,18383,594],{"class":487},[65,18385,210],{"class":491},[65,18387,594],{"class":487},[65,18389,191],{"class":79},[65,18391,1339],{"class":79},[65,18393,84],{"class":83},[65,18395,17637],{"class":79},[65,18397,603],{"class":487},[65,18399,154],{"class":491},[65,18401,594],{"class":487},[65,18403,191],{"class":79},[65,18405,1339],{"class":79},[65,18407,84],{"class":83},[65,18409,13280],{"class":79},[20,18411,18412],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18414,18415],{},"Use this instead:",[56,18417,18419],{"className":58,"code":18418,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18420,18421,18445,18469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18424,16817],{"class":71},[65,18426,76],{"class":75},[65,18428,1339],{"class":79},[65,18430,488],{"class":487},[65,18432,210],{"class":491},[65,18434,488],{"class":487},[65,18436,87],{"class":79},[65,18438,499],{"class":487},[65,18440,154],{"class":491},[65,18442,488],{"class":487},[65,18444,1352],{"class":79},[65,18446,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18448,18309],{"class":71},[65,18450,76],{"class":75},[65,18452,80],{"class":79},[65,18454,14416],{"class":71},[65,18456,191],{"class":79},[65,18458,17779],{"class":79},[65,18460,3445],{"class":3444},[65,18462,17784],{"class":71},[65,18464,3451],{"class":3444},[65,18466,17789],{"class":71},[65,18468,98],{"class":79},[65,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18472,164],{"class":163},[65,18474,151],{"class":79},[65,18476,18342],{"class":147},[65,18478,157],{"class":79},[1286,18480,18482,18483,18485],{"id":18481},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18484,16793],{}," on a list",[20,18487,18488],{},"Wrong idea:",[56,18490,18492],{"className":58,"code":18491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18493,18494,18526],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18495,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18497,16817],{"class":71},[65,18499,76],{"class":75},[65,18501,1339],{"class":79},[65,18503,488],{"class":487},[65,18505,210],{"class":491},[65,18507,488],{"class":487},[65,18509,87],{"class":79},[65,18511,499],{"class":487},[65,18513,154],{"class":491},[65,18515,488],{"class":487},[65,18517,87],{"class":79},[65,18519,499],{"class":487},[65,18521,9317],{"class":491},[65,18523,488],{"class":487},[65,18525,1352],{"class":79},[65,18527,18528],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18529,18530],{"class":175},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18532,18533,18535,18536,18538,18539,144],{},[15,18534,16793],{}," belongs to ",[15,18537,8399],{},", not ",[15,18540,7669],{},[20,18542,18543],{},"Correct usage:",[56,18545,18547],{"className":58,"code":18546,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18548,18549,18581,18603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18552,16817],{"class":71},[65,18554,76],{"class":75},[65,18556,1339],{"class":79},[65,18558,488],{"class":487},[65,18560,210],{"class":491},[65,18562,488],{"class":487},[65,18564,87],{"class":79},[65,18566,499],{"class":487},[65,18568,154],{"class":491},[65,18570,488],{"class":487},[65,18572,87],{"class":79},[65,18574,499],{"class":487},[65,18576,9317],{"class":491},[65,18578,488],{"class":487},[65,18580,1352],{"class":79},[65,18582,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18584,18309],{"class":71},[65,18586,76],{"class":75},[65,18588,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18590,144],{"class":79},[65,18592,16858],{"class":147},[65,18594,151],{"class":79},[65,18596,16499],{"class":147},[65,18598,87],{"class":79},[65,18600,3400],{"class":83},[65,18602,157],{"class":79},[65,18604,18605,18607,18609,18611],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18606,164],{"class":163},[65,18608,151],{"class":79},[65,18610,18342],{"class":147},[65,18612,157],{"class":79},[1286,18614,8030,18616,18618],{"id":18615},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18617,16793],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18620,18621,18623],{},[15,18622,16798],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[56,18625,18627],{"className":58,"code":18626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18628,18629,18649,18683,18687,18697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18630,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18632,11661],{"class":71},[65,18634,76],{"class":75},[65,18636,80],{"class":79},[65,18638,488],{"class":487},[65,18640,1742],{"class":491},[65,18642,488],{"class":487},[65,18644,191],{"class":79},[65,18646,5066],{"class":83},[65,18648,98],{"class":79},[65,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18652,12614],{"class":71},[65,18654,76],{"class":75},[65,18656,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18658,144],{"class":79},[65,18660,16858],{"class":147},[65,18662,2552],{"class":79},[65,18664,488],{"class":487},[65,18666,210],{"class":491},[65,18668,488],{"class":487},[65,18670,87],{"class":79},[65,18672,499],{"class":487},[65,18674,154],{"class":491},[65,18676,488],{"class":487},[65,18678,17637],{"class":79},[65,18680,3400],{"class":83},[65,18682,157],{"class":79},[65,18684,18685],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,18686,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,18688,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18690,164],{"class":163},[65,18692,151],{"class":79},[65,18694,11708],{"class":147},[65,18696,157],{"class":79},[65,18698,18699,18701,18703,18706],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,18700,164],{"class":163},[65,18702,151],{"class":79},[65,18704,18705],{"class":147},"new_dict",[65,18707,157],{"class":79},[20,18709,350],{},[56,18711,18713],{"className":58,"code":18712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18714,18715,18731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18716,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18718,360],{"class":79},[65,18720,594],{"class":487},[65,18722,1742],{"class":491},[65,18724,594],{"class":487},[65,18726,191],{"class":79},[65,18728,5066],{"class":83},[65,18730,98],{"class":79},[65,18732,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18734,360],{"class":79},[65,18736,594],{"class":487},[65,18738,210],{"class":491},[65,18740,594],{"class":487},[65,18742,191],{"class":79},[65,18744,3400],{"class":83},[65,18746,87],{"class":79},[65,18748,603],{"class":487},[65,18750,154],{"class":491},[65,18752,594],{"class":487},[65,18754,191],{"class":79},[65,18756,3400],{"class":83},[65,18758,98],{"class":79},[20,18760,18761,18762,144],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[210,18763,10313,18764,1474],{"href":13607},[15,18765,14529],{},[1286,18767,18769,18770],{"id":18768},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18771,3344],{},[56,18773,18775],{"className":58,"code":18774,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18776,18777,18807],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18778,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18780,18309],{"class":71},[65,18782,76],{"class":75},[65,18784,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18786,144],{"class":79},[65,18788,16858],{"class":147},[65,18790,2552],{"class":79},[65,18792,488],{"class":487},[65,18794,1742],{"class":491},[65,18796,488],{"class":487},[65,18798,87],{"class":79},[65,18800,499],{"class":487},[65,18802,11320],{"class":491},[65,18804,488],{"class":487},[65,18806,3457],{"class":79},[65,18808,18809,18811,18813,18815],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18810,164],{"class":163},[65,18812,151],{"class":79},[65,18814,18342],{"class":147},[65,18816,157],{"class":79},[20,18818,350],{},[56,18820,18822],{"className":58,"code":18821,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18823,18824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18825,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18827,360],{"class":79},[65,18829,594],{"class":487},[65,18831,1742],{"class":491},[65,18833,594],{"class":487},[65,18835,191],{"class":79},[65,18837,3420],{"class":3419},[65,18839,87],{"class":79},[65,18841,603],{"class":487},[65,18843,11320],{"class":491},[65,18845,594],{"class":487},[65,18847,191],{"class":79},[65,18849,3420],{"class":3419},[65,18851,98],{"class":79},[20,18853,18854,18855,144],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18856,3344],{},[51,18858,18860],{"id":18859},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18862,18863,18864,18866],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18865,16793],{}," works.",[56,18868,18870],{"className":58,"code":18869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18871,18872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18873,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18875,164],{"class":163},[65,18877,151],{"class":79},[65,18879,8399],{"class":1259},[65,18881,144],{"class":79},[65,18883,16858],{"class":147},[65,18885,2552],{"class":79},[65,18887,488],{"class":487},[65,18889,210],{"class":491},[65,18891,488],{"class":487},[65,18893,87],{"class":79},[65,18895,499],{"class":487},[65,18897,154],{"class":491},[65,18899,488],{"class":487},[65,18901,17637],{"class":79},[65,18903,3400],{"class":83},[65,18905,1028],{"class":79},[56,18907,18908],{"className":58,"code":18774,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,18909,18910,18940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18911,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18913,18309],{"class":71},[65,18915,76],{"class":75},[65,18917,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18919,144],{"class":79},[65,18921,16858],{"class":147},[65,18923,2552],{"class":79},[65,18925,488],{"class":487},[65,18927,1742],{"class":491},[65,18929,488],{"class":487},[65,18931,87],{"class":79},[65,18933,499],{"class":487},[65,18935,11320],{"class":491},[65,18937,488],{"class":487},[65,18939,3457],{"class":79},[65,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18943,164],{"class":163},[65,18945,151],{"class":79},[65,18947,18342],{"class":147},[65,18949,157],{"class":79},[56,18951,18952],{"className":58,"code":18302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,18953,18954,18986,19008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18955,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18957,18309],{"class":71},[65,18959,76],{"class":75},[65,18961,8749],{"class":1259},[65,18963,144],{"class":79},[65,18965,16858],{"class":147},[65,18967,2552],{"class":79},[65,18969,488],{"class":487},[65,18971,210],{"class":491},[65,18973,488],{"class":487},[65,18975,87],{"class":79},[65,18977,499],{"class":487},[65,18979,154],{"class":491},[65,18981,488],{"class":487},[65,18983,17637],{"class":79},[65,18985,17571],{"class":79},[65,18987,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,18989,18342],{"class":71},[65,18991,3469],{"class":79},[65,18993,488],{"class":487},[65,18995,210],{"class":491},[65,18997,488],{"class":487},[65,18999,13124],{"class":79},[65,19001,13127],{"class":147},[65,19003,151],{"class":79},[65,19005,84],{"class":83},[65,19007,157],{"class":79},[65,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,19011,164],{"class":163},[65,19013,151],{"class":79},[65,19015,18342],{"class":147},[65,19017,157],{"class":79},[56,19019,19021],{"className":58,"code":19020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19022,19023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19024,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19026,164],{"class":163},[65,19028,151],{"class":79},[65,19030,1260],{"class":1259},[65,19032,151],{"class":79},[65,19034,8399],{"class":1259},[65,19036,144],{"class":79},[65,19038,16858],{"class":147},[65,19040,2552],{"class":79},[65,19042,84],{"class":83},[65,19044,87],{"class":79},[65,19046,90],{"class":83},[65,19048,87],{"class":79},[65,19050,95],{"class":83},[65,19052,17637],{"class":79},[65,19054,499],{"class":487},[65,19056,2040],{"class":491},[65,19058,488],{"class":487},[65,19060,2478],{"class":79},[51,19062,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,19064,1289,19066,19068],{"id":19065},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19067,16793],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19070,19071],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1286,19073,19075],{"id":19074},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19077,19078,19079,144],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19080,3344],{},[1286,19082,19084],{"id":19083},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19086,19087],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1286,19089,19091],{"id":19090},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19093,17727],{},[56,19095,19097],{"className":58,"code":19096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19098,19099,19131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19100,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19102,16817],{"class":71},[65,19104,76],{"class":75},[65,19106,1339],{"class":79},[65,19108,488],{"class":487},[65,19110,210],{"class":491},[65,19112,488],{"class":487},[65,19114,87],{"class":79},[65,19116,499],{"class":487},[65,19118,154],{"class":491},[65,19120,488],{"class":487},[65,19122,87],{"class":79},[65,19124,499],{"class":487},[65,19126,9317],{"class":491},[65,19128,488],{"class":487},[65,19130,1352],{"class":79},[65,19132,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19134,8744],{"class":71},[65,19136,76],{"class":75},[65,19138,80],{"class":79},[65,19140,14416],{"class":71},[65,19142,191],{"class":79},[65,19144,17779],{"class":79},[65,19146,3445],{"class":3444},[65,19148,17784],{"class":71},[65,19150,3451],{"class":3444},[65,19152,17789],{"class":71},[65,19154,98],{"class":79},[51,19156,1455],{"id":1454},[33,19158,19159,19163,19167,19171,19177],{},[36,19160,19161],{},[210,19162,10818],{"href":12602},[36,19164,19165],{},[210,19166,8734],{"href":12599},[36,19168,19169],{},[210,19170,10827],{"href":17478},[36,19172,19173],{},[210,19174,10313,19175,1474],{"href":13607},[15,19176,14529],{},[36,19178,19179],{},[210,19180,10313,19181,1474],{"href":14574},[15,19182,12352],{},[20,19184,1660,19185,19187],{},[15,19186,16798],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1499,19189,19190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":19192},[19193,19194,19196,19200,19201,19203,19208,19210,19217,19226,19227,19234],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":16898,"depth":101,"text":19195},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16942,"depth":101,"text":16943,"children":19197},[19198,19199],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":16993,"depth":126,"text":16994},{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":17153,"depth":101,"text":19202},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17482,"depth":101,"text":17483,"children":19204},[19205,19206,19207],{"id":17512,"depth":126,"text":17513},{"id":17675,"depth":126,"text":17676},{"id":17723,"depth":126,"text":17724},{"id":17887,"depth":101,"text":19209},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18045,"depth":101,"text":19211,"children":19212},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19213,19215,19216],{"id":18056,"depth":126,"text":19214},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18121,"depth":126,"text":18122},{"id":18195,"depth":126,"text":18196},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":19218},[19219,19220,19222,19224],{"id":18298,"depth":126,"text":18299},{"id":18481,"depth":126,"text":19221},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18615,"depth":126,"text":19223},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18768,"depth":126,"text":19225},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18859,"depth":101,"text":18860},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":19228},[19229,19231,19232,19233],{"id":19065,"depth":126,"text":19230},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19074,"depth":126,"text":19075},{"id":19083,"depth":126,"text":19084},{"id":19090,"depth":126,"text":19091},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16785,"description":19235},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19242,"title":19243,"body":19244,"description":21073,"extension":1528,"meta":21074,"navigation":129,"path":21075,"seo":21076,"stem":21077,"__hash__":21078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19245,"toc":21040},[19246,19251,19257,19268,19398,19405,19410,19414,19430,19432,19530,19533,19550,19554,19556,19561,19599,19602,19620,19622,19740,19745,19749,19765,19768,19904,19907,19912,19918,19921,19958,19961,19965,19970,20046,20050,20055,20137,20139,20155,20160,20164,20170,20239,20242,20259,20262,20344,20350,20353,20373,20377,20382,20388,20394,20465,20468,20474,20477,20551,20558,20564,20572,20582,20584,20679,20685,20690,20777,20783,20785,20789,20811,20814,20909,20912,20943,20956,20958,20966,20972,20978,20981,20987,20992,20999,21004,21006,21037],[10,19247,10894,19249,18],{"id":19248},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19250,10316],{},[20,19252,19253,19254,19256],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19255,10316],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19258,19259,19260,1491,19263,1965,19265,19267],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19261,19262],{},"KeyError",[15,19264,10316],{},[15,19266,3344],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[56,19269,19271],{"className":58,"code":19270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19272,19273,19309,19313,19339,19364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19274,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19276,12779],{"class":71},[65,19278,76],{"class":75},[65,19280,80],{"class":79},[65,19282,488],{"class":487},[65,19284,7241],{"class":491},[65,19286,488],{"class":487},[65,19288,191],{"class":79},[65,19290,499],{"class":487},[65,19292,12456],{"class":491},[65,19294,488],{"class":487},[65,19296,87],{"class":79},[65,19298,499],{"class":487},[65,19300,8877],{"class":491},[65,19302,488],{"class":487},[65,19304,191],{"class":79},[65,19306,8884],{"class":83},[65,19308,98],{"class":79},[65,19310,19311],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19312,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,19314,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,19316,164],{"class":163},[65,19318,151],{"class":79},[65,19320,16882],{"class":147},[65,19322,144],{"class":79},[65,19324,19325],{"class":147},"get",[65,19327,151],{"class":79},[65,19329,488],{"class":487},[65,19331,7241],{"class":491},[65,19333,488],{"class":487},[65,19335,758],{"class":79},[65,19337,19338],{"class":175},"           # Ana\n",[65,19340,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19342,164],{"class":163},[65,19344,151],{"class":79},[65,19346,16882],{"class":147},[65,19348,144],{"class":79},[65,19350,19325],{"class":147},[65,19352,151],{"class":79},[65,19354,488],{"class":487},[65,19356,9986],{"class":491},[65,19358,488],{"class":487},[65,19360,758],{"class":79},[65,19362,19363],{"class":175},"           # None\n",[65,19365,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19391,19393,19395],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,19367,164],{"class":163},[65,19369,151],{"class":79},[65,19371,16882],{"class":147},[65,19373,144],{"class":79},[65,19375,19325],{"class":147},[65,19377,151],{"class":79},[65,19379,488],{"class":487},[65,19381,9986],{"class":491},[65,19383,488],{"class":487},[65,19385,87],{"class":79},[65,19387,499],{"class":487},[65,19389,19390],{"class":491},"N\u002FA",[65,19392,488],{"class":487},[65,19394,758],{"class":79},[65,19396,19397],{"class":175},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19399,1660,19400,19402,19403,144],{},[15,19401,10316],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19404,19262],{},[51,19406,183,19408,186],{"id":19407},"what-get-does",[15,19409,10316],{},[20,19411,1545,19412,10988],{},[15,19413,10316],{},[33,19415,19416,19419,19424,19427],{},[36,19417,19418],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,19420,10999,19421,19423],{},[15,19422,3344],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,19425,19426],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,19428,19429],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19431,267],{},[56,19433,19435],{"className":58,"code":19434,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19436,19437,19476,19480,19505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19438,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19458,19460,19462,19464,19467,19469,19471,19474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19440,12439],{"class":71},[65,19442,76],{"class":75},[65,19444,80],{"class":79},[65,19446,488],{"class":487},[65,19448,7241],{"class":491},[65,19450,488],{"class":487},[65,19452,191],{"class":79},[65,19454,499],{"class":487},[65,19456,19457],{"class":491},"Lina",[65,19459,488],{"class":487},[65,19461,87],{"class":79},[65,19463,499],{"class":487},[65,19465,19466],{"class":491},"grade",[65,19468,488],{"class":487},[65,19470,191],{"class":79},[65,19472,19473],{"class":83}," 90",[65,19475,98],{"class":79},[65,19477,19478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19479,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,19481,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,19483,164],{"class":163},[65,19485,151],{"class":79},[65,19487,13200],{"class":147},[65,19489,144],{"class":79},[65,19491,19325],{"class":147},[65,19493,151],{"class":79},[65,19495,488],{"class":487},[65,19497,7241],{"class":491},[65,19499,488],{"class":487},[65,19501,758],{"class":79},[65,19503,19504],{"class":175},"     # Lina\n",[65,19506,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19508,164],{"class":163},[65,19510,151],{"class":79},[65,19512,13200],{"class":147},[65,19514,144],{"class":79},[65,19516,19325],{"class":147},[65,19518,151],{"class":79},[65,19520,488],{"class":487},[65,19522,14834],{"class":491},[65,19524,488],{"class":487},[65,19526,758],{"class":79},[65,19528,19529],{"class":175},"    # None\n",[20,19531,19532],{},"In this example:",[33,19534,19535,19540],{},[36,19536,19537,19539],{},[15,19538,14815],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,19541,19542,19545,19546,1965,19548],{},[15,19543,19544],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19547,10316],{},[15,19549,3344],{},[20,19551,12596,19552,144],{},[210,19553,8734],{"href":8733},[51,19555,222],{"id":221},[20,19557,19558,19559,191],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19560,10316],{},[56,19562,19564],{"className":58,"code":19563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19565,19566,19580],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19567,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19569,15180],{"class":71},[65,19571,144],{"class":79},[65,19573,19325],{"class":147},[65,19575,151],{"class":79},[65,19577,14416],{"class":147},[65,19579,157],{"class":79},[65,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19597],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19583,15180],{"class":71},[65,19585,144],{"class":79},[65,19587,19325],{"class":147},[65,19589,151],{"class":79},[65,19591,14416],{"class":147},[65,19593,87],{"class":79},[65,19595,19596],{"class":147}," default_value",[65,19598,157],{"class":79},[20,19600,19601],{},"What each part means:",[33,19603,19604,19609,19615],{},[36,19605,19606,19608],{},[15,19607,14416],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,19610,19611,19614],{},[15,19612,19613],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,19616,19617,19618],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19619,3344],{},[20,19621,267],{},[56,19623,19625],{"className":58,"code":19624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19626,19627,19651,19655,19680,19706],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19630,13400],{"class":71},[65,19632,76],{"class":75},[65,19634,80],{"class":79},[65,19636,488],{"class":487},[65,19638,12070],{"class":491},[65,19640,488],{"class":487},[65,19642,191],{"class":79},[65,19644,499],{"class":487},[65,19646,12079],{"class":491},[65,19648,488],{"class":487},[65,19650,98],{"class":79},[65,19652,19653],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19654,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,19656,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,19658,164],{"class":163},[65,19660,151],{"class":79},[65,19662,13459],{"class":147},[65,19664,144],{"class":79},[65,19666,19325],{"class":147},[65,19668,151],{"class":79},[65,19670,488],{"class":487},[65,19672,12070],{"class":491},[65,19674,488],{"class":487},[65,19676,758],{"class":79},[65,19678,19679],{"class":175},"            # dark\n",[65,19681,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19699,19701,19703],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19683,164],{"class":163},[65,19685,151],{"class":79},[65,19687,13459],{"class":147},[65,19689,144],{"class":79},[65,19691,19325],{"class":147},[65,19693,151],{"class":79},[65,19695,488],{"class":487},[65,19697,19698],{"class":491},"language",[65,19700,488],{"class":487},[65,19702,758],{"class":79},[65,19704,19705],{"class":175},"         # None\n",[65,19707,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19733,19735,19737],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,19709,164],{"class":163},[65,19711,151],{"class":79},[65,19713,13459],{"class":147},[65,19715,144],{"class":79},[65,19717,19325],{"class":147},[65,19719,151],{"class":79},[65,19721,488],{"class":487},[65,19723,19698],{"class":491},[65,19725,488],{"class":487},[65,19727,87],{"class":79},[65,19729,499],{"class":487},[65,19731,19732],{"class":491},"en",[65,19734,488],{"class":487},[65,19736,758],{"class":79},[65,19738,19739],{"class":175},"   # en\n",[51,19741,4529,19743],{"id":19742},"when-to-use-get",[15,19744,10316],{},[20,19746,1660,19747,10177],{},[15,19748,10316],{},[33,19750,19751,19754,19759,19762],{},[36,19752,19753],{},"A key might not exist",[36,19755,19756,19757],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19758,19262],{},[36,19760,19761],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,19763,19764],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19766,19767],{},"Example with optional user data:",[56,19769,19771],{"className":58,"code":19770,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19772,19773,19815,19819,19844,19870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19774,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19811,19813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19776,11062],{"class":71},[65,19778,76],{"class":75},[65,19780,80],{"class":79},[65,19782,488],{"class":487},[65,19784,7560],{"class":491},[65,19786,488],{"class":487},[65,19788,191],{"class":79},[65,19790,499],{"class":487},[65,19792,19793],{"class":491},"sam",[65,19795,488],{"class":487},[65,19797,87],{"class":79},[65,19799,499],{"class":487},[65,19801,14834],{"class":491},[65,19803,488],{"class":487},[65,19805,191],{"class":79},[65,19807,499],{"class":487},[65,19809,19810],{"class":491},"sam@example.com",[65,19812,488],{"class":487},[65,19814,98],{"class":79},[65,19816,19817],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19818,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,19820,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,19822,164],{"class":163},[65,19824,151],{"class":79},[65,19826,11156],{"class":147},[65,19828,144],{"class":79},[65,19830,19325],{"class":147},[65,19832,151],{"class":79},[65,19834,488],{"class":487},[65,19836,7560],{"class":491},[65,19838,488],{"class":487},[65,19840,758],{"class":79},[65,19842,19843],{"class":175},"              # sam\n",[65,19845,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19863,19865,19867],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19847,164],{"class":163},[65,19849,151],{"class":79},[65,19851,11156],{"class":147},[65,19853,144],{"class":79},[65,19855,19325],{"class":147},[65,19857,151],{"class":79},[65,19859,488],{"class":487},[65,19861,19862],{"class":491},"phone",[65,19864,488],{"class":487},[65,19866,758],{"class":79},[65,19868,19869],{"class":175},"                 # None\n",[65,19871,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19897,19899,19901],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,19873,164],{"class":163},[65,19875,151],{"class":79},[65,19877,11156],{"class":147},[65,19879,144],{"class":79},[65,19881,19325],{"class":147},[65,19883,151],{"class":79},[65,19885,488],{"class":487},[65,19887,19862],{"class":491},[65,19889,488],{"class":487},[65,19891,87],{"class":79},[65,19893,499],{"class":487},[65,19895,19896],{"class":491},"Not provided",[65,19898,488],{"class":487},[65,19900,758],{"class":79},[65,19902,19903],{"class":175}," # Not provided\n",[20,19905,19906],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19908,19909,19910,144],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[210,19911,16173],{"href":16172},[51,19913,19915,19917],{"id":19914},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19916,10316],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19919,19920],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[56,19922,19924],{"className":58,"code":19923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19925,19926,19940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19927,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19929,8783],{"class":71},[65,19931,3469],{"class":79},[65,19933,488],{"class":487},[65,19935,14416],{"class":491},[65,19937,488],{"class":487},[65,19939,1352],{"class":79},[65,19941,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,19943,8783],{"class":71},[65,19945,144],{"class":79},[65,19947,19325],{"class":147},[65,19949,151],{"class":79},[65,19951,488],{"class":487},[65,19953,14416],{"class":491},[65,19955,488],{"class":487},[65,19957,157],{"class":79},[20,19959,19960],{},"The difference is important.",[1286,19962,19964],{"id":19963},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19966,19967,19968,144],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19969,19262],{},[56,19971,19973],{"className":58,"code":19972,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19974,19975,19999,20003,20025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19976,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19978,8744],{"class":71},[65,19980,76],{"class":75},[65,19982,80],{"class":79},[65,19984,488],{"class":487},[65,19986,7241],{"class":491},[65,19988,488],{"class":487},[65,19990,191],{"class":79},[65,19992,499],{"class":487},[65,19994,12456],{"class":491},[65,19996,488],{"class":487},[65,19998,98],{"class":79},[65,20000,20001],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20002,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20004,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20022],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20006,164],{"class":163},[65,20008,151],{"class":79},[65,20010,8783],{"class":147},[65,20012,3469],{"class":79},[65,20014,488],{"class":487},[65,20016,7241],{"class":491},[65,20018,488],{"class":487},[65,20020,20021],{"class":79},"])",[65,20023,20024],{"class":175},"   # Ana\n",[65,20026,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20028,164],{"class":163},[65,20030,151],{"class":79},[65,20032,8783],{"class":147},[65,20034,3469],{"class":79},[65,20036,488],{"class":487},[65,20038,9986],{"class":491},[65,20040,488],{"class":487},[65,20042,20021],{"class":79},[65,20044,20045],{"class":175},"   # KeyError\n",[1286,20047,20048],{"id":19325},[15,20049,10316],{},[20,20051,20052,20054],{},[15,20053,10316],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[56,20056,20058],{"className":58,"code":20057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20059,20060,20084,20088,20112],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20061,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20063,8744],{"class":71},[65,20065,76],{"class":75},[65,20067,80],{"class":79},[65,20069,488],{"class":487},[65,20071,7241],{"class":491},[65,20073,488],{"class":487},[65,20075,191],{"class":79},[65,20077,499],{"class":487},[65,20079,12456],{"class":491},[65,20081,488],{"class":487},[65,20083,98],{"class":79},[65,20085,20086],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20087,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20089,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20091,164],{"class":163},[65,20093,151],{"class":79},[65,20095,8783],{"class":147},[65,20097,144],{"class":79},[65,20099,19325],{"class":147},[65,20101,151],{"class":79},[65,20103,488],{"class":487},[65,20105,7241],{"class":491},[65,20107,488],{"class":487},[65,20109,758],{"class":79},[65,20111,20024],{"class":175},[65,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20115,164],{"class":163},[65,20117,151],{"class":79},[65,20119,8783],{"class":147},[65,20121,144],{"class":79},[65,20123,19325],{"class":147},[65,20125,151],{"class":79},[65,20127,488],{"class":487},[65,20129,9986],{"class":491},[65,20131,488],{"class":487},[65,20133,758],{"class":79},[65,20135,20136],{"class":175},"   # None\n",[20,20138,784],{},[33,20140,20141,20147],{},[36,20142,20143,20144],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[43,20145,20146],{},"must exist",[36,20148,20149,20151,20152],{},[15,20150,10316],{}," when the key is ",[43,20153,20154],{},"optional",[20,20156,20157,20158,144],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[210,20159,10838],{"href":10650},[51,20161,20163],{"id":20162},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20165,20166,20167,20169],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20168,10316],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[56,20171,20173],{"className":58,"code":20172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20174,20175,20200,20204],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20176,20177,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20178,20179],{"class":71},"profile ",[65,20181,76],{"class":75},[65,20183,80],{"class":79},[65,20185,488],{"class":487},[65,20187,7241],{"class":491},[65,20189,488],{"class":487},[65,20191,191],{"class":79},[65,20193,499],{"class":487},[65,20195,7496],{"class":491},[65,20197,488],{"class":487},[65,20199,98],{"class":79},[65,20201,20202],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20203,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20205,20206,20208,20210,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20232,20234,20236],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20207,164],{"class":163},[65,20209,151],{"class":79},[65,20211,20212],{"class":147},"profile",[65,20214,144],{"class":79},[65,20216,19325],{"class":147},[65,20218,151],{"class":79},[65,20220,488],{"class":487},[65,20222,14837],{"class":491},[65,20224,488],{"class":487},[65,20226,87],{"class":79},[65,20228,499],{"class":487},[65,20230,20231],{"class":491},"Unknown",[65,20233,488],{"class":487},[65,20235,758],{"class":79},[65,20237,20238],{"class":175},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20240,20241],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,20243,20244,20249,20254],{},[36,20245,20246],{},[15,20247,20248],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,20250,20251],{},[15,20252,20253],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,20255,20256],{},[15,20257,20258],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20260,20261],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[56,20263,20265],{"className":58,"code":20264,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20266,20267,20299,20303,20330],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20268,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20270,4632],{"class":71},[65,20272,76],{"class":75},[65,20274,80],{"class":79},[65,20276,488],{"class":487},[65,20278,17992],{"class":491},[65,20280,488],{"class":487},[65,20282,191],{"class":79},[65,20284,5574],{"class":83},[65,20286,87],{"class":79},[65,20288,499],{"class":487},[65,20290,18001],{"class":491},[65,20292,488],{"class":487},[65,20294,191],{"class":79},[65,20296,5929],{"class":83},[65,20298,98],{"class":79},[65,20300,20301],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20302,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20304,20305,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20306,20307],{"class":71},"total_history ",[65,20309,76],{"class":75},[65,20311,4679],{"class":71},[65,20313,144],{"class":79},[65,20315,19325],{"class":147},[65,20317,151],{"class":79},[65,20319,488],{"class":487},[65,20321,18010],{"class":491},[65,20323,488],{"class":487},[65,20325,87],{"class":79},[65,20327,3400],{"class":83},[65,20329,157],{"class":79},[65,20331,20332,20334,20336,20339,20341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20333,164],{"class":163},[65,20335,151],{"class":79},[65,20337,20338],{"class":147},"total_history",[65,20340,172],{"class":79},[65,20342,20343],{"class":175},"   # 0\n",[20,20345,20346,20347,20349],{},"Here, ",[15,20348,1688],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20351,20352],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,20354,20355,20358,20363,20368],{},[36,20356,20357],{},"Use a string for text",[36,20359,1660,20360,20362],{},[15,20361,1688],{}," for numbers",[36,20364,1660,20365,20367],{},[15,20366,3353],{}," for lists if needed",[36,20369,1660,20370,20372],{},[15,20371,3358],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[51,20374,20376],{"id":20375},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20378,20379,20380,144],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20381,10316],{},[1286,20383,20385,20387],{"id":20384},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20386,10316],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20389,20390,20391,20393],{},"This code does ",[43,20392,45],{}," create a new key:",[56,20395,20397],{"className":58,"code":20396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20398,20399,20423,20427,20452],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20402,12779],{"class":71},[65,20404,76],{"class":75},[65,20406,80],{"class":79},[65,20408,488],{"class":487},[65,20410,7241],{"class":491},[65,20412,488],{"class":487},[65,20414,191],{"class":79},[65,20416,499],{"class":487},[65,20418,12456],{"class":491},[65,20420,488],{"class":487},[65,20422,98],{"class":79},[65,20424,20425],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20426,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20428,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20430,164],{"class":163},[65,20432,151],{"class":79},[65,20434,16882],{"class":147},[65,20436,144],{"class":79},[65,20438,19325],{"class":147},[65,20440,151],{"class":79},[65,20442,488],{"class":487},[65,20444,9986],{"class":491},[65,20446,488],{"class":487},[65,20448,758],{"class":79},[65,20450,20451],{"class":175},"  # None\n",[65,20453,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20455,164],{"class":163},[65,20457,151],{"class":79},[65,20459,16882],{"class":147},[65,20461,172],{"class":79},[65,20463,20464],{"class":175},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20466,20467],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1286,20469,20471,20473],{"id":20470},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20472,10316],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20475,20476],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[56,20478,20480],{"className":58,"code":20479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20481,20482,20508,20512,20538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20483,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20495,20497,20499,20501,20504,20506],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20485,13400],{"class":71},[65,20487,76],{"class":75},[65,20489,80],{"class":79},[65,20491,488],{"class":487},[65,20493,20494],{"class":491},"mode",[65,20496,488],{"class":487},[65,20498,191],{"class":79},[65,20500,499],{"class":487},[65,20502,20503],{"class":491},"light",[65,20505,488],{"class":487},[65,20507,98],{"class":79},[65,20509,20510],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20511,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20513,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20515,13459],{"class":71},[65,20517,144],{"class":79},[65,20519,19325],{"class":147},[65,20521,151],{"class":79},[65,20523,488],{"class":487},[65,20525,12070],{"class":491},[65,20527,488],{"class":487},[65,20529,87],{"class":79},[65,20531,499],{"class":487},[65,20533,12079],{"class":491},[65,20535,488],{"class":487},[65,20537,157],{"class":79},[65,20539,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20541,164],{"class":163},[65,20543,151],{"class":79},[65,20545,13459],{"class":147},[65,20547,172],{"class":79},[65,20549,20550],{"class":175},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20552,20553,20554,20557],{},"Even though ",[15,20555,20556],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1286,20559,20561,20562],{"id":20560},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20563,3344],{},[20,20565,20566,20567,1965,20569,20571],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20568,10316],{},[15,20570,3344],{}," because:",[33,20573,20574,20577],{},[36,20575,20576],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,20578,20579,20580],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20581,3344],{},[20,20583,267],{},[56,20585,20587],{"className":58,"code":20586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20588,20589,20626,20630,20654],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20590,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20618,20620,20622,20624],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20592,8744],{"class":71},[65,20594,76],{"class":75},[65,20596,80],{"class":79},[65,20598,488],{"class":487},[65,20600,7241],{"class":491},[65,20602,488],{"class":487},[65,20604,191],{"class":79},[65,20606,499],{"class":487},[65,20608,12456],{"class":491},[65,20610,488],{"class":487},[65,20612,87],{"class":79},[65,20614,499],{"class":487},[65,20616,20617],{"class":491},"nickname",[65,20619,488],{"class":487},[65,20621,191],{"class":79},[65,20623,3420],{"class":3419},[65,20625,98],{"class":79},[65,20627,20628],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20629,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20631,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20633,164],{"class":163},[65,20635,151],{"class":79},[65,20637,8783],{"class":147},[65,20639,144],{"class":79},[65,20641,19325],{"class":147},[65,20643,151],{"class":79},[65,20645,488],{"class":487},[65,20647,20617],{"class":491},[65,20649,488],{"class":487},[65,20651,758],{"class":79},[65,20653,20451],{"class":175},[65,20655,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20657,164],{"class":163},[65,20659,151],{"class":79},[65,20661,8783],{"class":147},[65,20663,144],{"class":79},[65,20665,19325],{"class":147},[65,20667,151],{"class":79},[65,20669,488],{"class":487},[65,20671,9986],{"class":491},[65,20673,488],{"class":487},[65,20675,758],{"class":79},[65,20677,20678],{"class":175},"      # None\n",[20,20680,20681,20682,20684],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20683,3344],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20686,20687,20688,191],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20689,3451],{},[56,20691,20693],{"className":58,"code":20692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20694,20695,20731,20735,20756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20696,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20698,8744],{"class":71},[65,20700,76],{"class":75},[65,20702,80],{"class":79},[65,20704,488],{"class":487},[65,20706,7241],{"class":491},[65,20708,488],{"class":487},[65,20710,191],{"class":79},[65,20712,499],{"class":487},[65,20714,12456],{"class":491},[65,20716,488],{"class":487},[65,20718,87],{"class":79},[65,20720,499],{"class":487},[65,20722,20617],{"class":491},[65,20724,488],{"class":487},[65,20726,191],{"class":79},[65,20728,3420],{"class":3419},[65,20730,98],{"class":79},[65,20732,20733],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20734,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,20736,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20750,20752,20754],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20738,164],{"class":163},[65,20740,151],{"class":79},[65,20742,488],{"class":487},[65,20744,20617],{"class":491},[65,20746,488],{"class":487},[65,20748,20749],{"class":3444}," in",[65,20751,14141],{"class":147},[65,20753,172],{"class":79},[65,20755,3230],{"class":175},[65,20757,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20759,164],{"class":163},[65,20761,151],{"class":79},[65,20763,488],{"class":487},[65,20765,9986],{"class":491},[65,20767,488],{"class":487},[65,20769,20749],{"class":3444},[65,20771,14141],{"class":147},[65,20773,172],{"class":79},[65,20775,20776],{"class":175},"      # False\n",[20,20778,20779,20780,144],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[210,20781,20782],{"href":16728},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[51,20784,2396],{"id":2395},[20,20786,1112,20787,191],{},[15,20788,10316],{},[33,20790,20791,20796,20803,20808],{},[36,20792,20793,20794],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20795,19262],{},[36,20797,4272,20798,1965,20800,20802],{},[15,20799,10316],{},[15,20801,3344],{}," if no default is provided",[36,20804,4148,20805,20807],{},[15,20806,10316],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,20809,20810],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20812,20813],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[56,20815,20817],{"className":58,"code":20816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20818,20819,20829,20843,20861,20883],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20820,20821,20823,20825,20827],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20822,164],{"class":163},[65,20824,151],{"class":79},[65,20826,11025],{"class":147},[65,20828,157],{"class":79},[65,20830,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,20832,164],{"class":163},[65,20834,151],{"class":79},[65,20836,11025],{"class":147},[65,20838,144],{"class":79},[65,20840,16499],{"class":147},[65,20842,6766],{"class":79},[65,20844,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,20846,164],{"class":163},[65,20848,151],{"class":79},[65,20850,594],{"class":487},[65,20852,7241],{"class":491},[65,20854,594],{"class":487},[65,20856,20749],{"class":3444},[65,20858,11341],{"class":147},[65,20860,157],{"class":79},[65,20862,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20864,164],{"class":163},[65,20866,151],{"class":79},[65,20868,11025],{"class":147},[65,20870,144],{"class":79},[65,20872,19325],{"class":147},[65,20874,151],{"class":79},[65,20876,594],{"class":487},[65,20878,7241],{"class":491},[65,20880,594],{"class":487},[65,20882,1028],{"class":79},[65,20884,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,20886,164],{"class":163},[65,20888,151],{"class":79},[65,20890,1260],{"class":1259},[65,20892,151],{"class":79},[65,20894,11025],{"class":147},[65,20896,144],{"class":79},[65,20898,19325],{"class":147},[65,20900,151],{"class":79},[65,20902,594],{"class":487},[65,20904,7241],{"class":491},[65,20906,594],{"class":487},[65,20908,2478],{"class":79},[20,20910,20911],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,20913,20914,20919,20925,20931,20937],{},[36,20915,20916,20918],{},[15,20917,12255],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,20920,20921,20924],{},[15,20922,20923],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,20926,20927,20930],{},[15,20928,20929],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,20932,20933,20936],{},[15,20934,20935],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,20938,20939,20942],{},[15,20940,20941],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20944,20945,20946,634,20951,20955],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[210,20947,20948,20949,1474],{"href":16638},"the dictionary ",[15,20950,16641],{},[210,20952,20948,20953,1474],{"href":16650},[15,20954,16653],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[51,20957,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,20959,1289,20961,20963,20964,1304],{"id":20960},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20962,10316],{}," raise ",[15,20965,19262],{},[20,20967,20968,20969,20971],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20970,3344],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1286,20973,1289,20975,20977],{"id":20974},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20976,10316],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20979,20980],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1286,20982,20984,20985,1304],{"id":20983},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20986,10316],{},[20,20988,20989,20991],{},[15,20990,3344],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1286,20993,20995,20996,20998],{"id":20994},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20997,10316],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21000,1660,21001,21003],{},[15,21002,10316],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[51,21005,1455],{"id":1454},[33,21007,21008,21012,21018,21024,21028,21033],{},[36,21009,21010],{},[210,21011,8734],{"href":8733},[36,21013,21014],{},[210,21015,10313,21016,1474],{"href":16638},[15,21017,16641],{},[36,21019,21020],{},[210,21021,10313,21022,1474],{"href":16650},[15,21023,16653],{},[36,21025,21026],{},[210,21027,16729],{"href":16728},[36,21029,21030],{},[210,21031,21032],{"href":16172},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,21034,21035],{},[210,21036,10838],{"href":10650},[1499,21038,21039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":21041},[21042,21044,21045,21047,21052,21053,21061,21062,21072],{"id":19407,"depth":101,"text":21043},"What get() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":19742,"depth":101,"text":21046},"When to use get()",{"id":19914,"depth":101,"text":21048,"children":21049},"get() vs square brackets",[21050,21051],{"id":19963,"depth":126,"text":19964},{"id":19325,"depth":126,"text":10316},{"id":20162,"depth":101,"text":20163},{"id":20375,"depth":101,"text":20376,"children":21054},[21055,21057,21059],{"id":20384,"depth":126,"text":21056},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20470,"depth":126,"text":21058},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20560,"depth":126,"text":21060},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":21063},[21064,21066,21068,21070],{"id":20960,"depth":126,"text":21065},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20974,"depth":126,"text":21067},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20983,"depth":126,"text":21069},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20994,"depth":126,"text":21071},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19243,"description":21073},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21080,"title":21081,"body":21082,"description":23638,"extension":1528,"meta":23639,"navigation":129,"path":23640,"seo":23641,"stem":23642,"__hash__":23643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21083,"toc":23604},[21084,21089,21095,21101,21103,21185,21189,21206,21211,21216,21221,21223,21237,21239,21302,21306,21346,21354,21356,21358,21373,21376,21389,21391,21470,21474,21540,21542,21546,21554,21556,21567,21569,21679,21683,21762,21768,21774,21779,21892,21896,21928,21931,22038,22044,22051,22055,22058,22160,22164,22225,22228,22231,22242,22251,22254,22271,22273,22372,22376,22451,22454,22477,22482,22487,22504,22506,22627,22631,22665,22667,22672,22679,22689,22691,22769,22772,22843,22853,22856,22888,22891,22930,22936,22943,22946,23037,23041,23122,23128,23131,23134,23239,23242,23245,23367,23371,23374,23441,23445,23482,23488,23490,23496,23501,23507,23514,23520,23523,23562,23568,23571,23573,23601],[10,21085,10894,21087,18],{"id":21086},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21088,16653],{},[20,21090,1545,21091,21094],{},[15,21092,21093],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21096,21097,21098,21100],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21099,16653],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[51,21102,1570],{"id":1569},[56,21104,21106],{"className":58,"code":21105,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21107,21108,21144,21148,21171],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21109,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21111,12779],{"class":71},[65,21113,76],{"class":75},[65,21115,80],{"class":79},[65,21117,488],{"class":487},[65,21119,7241],{"class":491},[65,21121,488],{"class":487},[65,21123,191],{"class":79},[65,21125,499],{"class":487},[65,21127,12456],{"class":491},[65,21129,488],{"class":487},[65,21131,87],{"class":79},[65,21133,499],{"class":487},[65,21135,8877],{"class":491},[65,21137,488],{"class":487},[65,21139,191],{"class":79},[65,21141,8884],{"class":83},[65,21143,98],{"class":79},[65,21145,21146],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21147,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21149,21150,21152,21155,21157,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21151,5527],{"class":3444},[65,21153,21154],{"class":71}," key",[65,21156,87],{"class":79},[65,21158,21159],{"class":71}," value ",[65,21161,3451],{"class":3444},[65,21163,12822],{"class":71},[65,21165,144],{"class":79},[65,21167,7384],{"class":147},[65,21169,21170],{"class":79},"():\n",[65,21172,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21174,7644],{"class":163},[65,21176,151],{"class":79},[65,21178,14416],{"class":147},[65,21180,87],{"class":79},[65,21182,8010],{"class":147},[65,21184,157],{"class":79},[20,21186,21187],{},[43,21188,350],{},[56,21190,21192],{"className":58,"code":21191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21193,21194,21199],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21195,21196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21197,21198],{"class":71},"name Ana\n",[65,21200,21201,21204],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21202,21203],{"class":71},"age ",[65,21205,2275],{"class":83},[20,21207,1660,21208,21210],{},[15,21209,16653],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[51,21212,183,21214,186],{"id":21213},"what-items-does",[15,21215,16653],{},[20,21217,21218,21220],{},[15,21219,16653],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21222,11034],{},[33,21224,21225,21231,21234],{},[36,21226,21227,21228],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21229,21230],{},"(key, value)",[36,21232,21233],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,21235,21236],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21238,267],{},[56,21240,21242],{"className":58,"code":21241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21243,21244,21280,21284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21245,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21247,12779],{"class":71},[65,21249,76],{"class":75},[65,21251,80],{"class":79},[65,21253,488],{"class":487},[65,21255,7241],{"class":491},[65,21257,488],{"class":487},[65,21259,191],{"class":79},[65,21261,499],{"class":487},[65,21263,12456],{"class":491},[65,21265,488],{"class":487},[65,21267,87],{"class":79},[65,21269,499],{"class":487},[65,21271,8877],{"class":491},[65,21273,488],{"class":487},[65,21275,191],{"class":79},[65,21277,8884],{"class":83},[65,21279,98],{"class":79},[65,21281,21282],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21283,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21285,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21287,164],{"class":163},[65,21289,151],{"class":79},[65,21291,7669],{"class":1259},[65,21293,151],{"class":79},[65,21295,16882],{"class":147},[65,21297,144],{"class":79},[65,21299,7384],{"class":147},[65,21301,5859],{"class":79},[20,21303,21304],{},[43,21305,350],{},[56,21307,21309],{"className":58,"code":21308,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21310,21311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21312,21313,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21314,21315],{"class":79},"[(",[65,21317,594],{"class":487},[65,21319,7241],{"class":491},[65,21321,594],{"class":487},[65,21323,87],{"class":79},[65,21325,603],{"class":487},[65,21327,12456],{"class":491},[65,21329,594],{"class":487},[65,21331,8812],{"class":79},[65,21333,8815],{"class":79},[65,21335,594],{"class":487},[65,21337,8877],{"class":491},[65,21339,594],{"class":487},[65,21341,87],{"class":79},[65,21343,8884],{"class":83},[65,21345,8828],{"class":79},[20,21347,21348,21349,214,21351,144],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[210,21350,8734],{"href":12599},[210,21352,14600],{"href":21353},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[51,21355,222],{"id":221},[20,21357,5003],{},[56,21359,21361],{"className":58,"code":21360,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21362,21363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21364,21365,21367,21369,21371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21366,11025],{"class":71},[65,21368,144],{"class":79},[65,21370,7384],{"class":147},[65,21372,8220],{"class":79},[20,21374,21375],{},"Things to remember:",[33,21377,21378,21383,21386],{},[36,21379,21380,21382],{},[15,21381,16653],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,21384,21385],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,21387,21388],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21390,267],{},[56,21392,21394],{"className":58,"code":21393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21395,21396,21428,21432,21446,21450,21460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21397,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21399,4632],{"class":71},[65,21401,76],{"class":75},[65,21403,80],{"class":79},[65,21405,488],{"class":487},[65,21407,4572],{"class":491},[65,21409,488],{"class":487},[65,21411,191],{"class":79},[65,21413,19473],{"class":83},[65,21415,87],{"class":79},[65,21417,499],{"class":487},[65,21419,4581],{"class":491},[65,21421,488],{"class":487},[65,21423,191],{"class":79},[65,21425,13081],{"class":83},[65,21427,98],{"class":79},[65,21429,21430],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21431,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21433,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21435,136],{"class":71},[65,21437,76],{"class":75},[65,21439,4679],{"class":71},[65,21441,144],{"class":79},[65,21443,7384],{"class":147},[65,21445,8220],{"class":79},[65,21447,21448],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21449,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21451,21452,21454,21456,21458],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,21453,164],{"class":163},[65,21455,151],{"class":79},[65,21457,169],{"class":147},[65,21459,157],{"class":79},[65,21461,21462,21464,21466,21468],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,21463,164],{"class":163},[65,21465,151],{"class":79},[65,21467,15964],{"class":147},[65,21469,157],{"class":79},[20,21471,21472],{},[43,21473,350],{},[56,21475,21477],{"className":58,"code":21476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21478,21479,21512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21480,21481,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21482,21483],{"class":147},"dict_items",[65,21485,9235],{"class":79},[65,21487,594],{"class":487},[65,21489,4572],{"class":491},[65,21491,594],{"class":487},[65,21493,87],{"class":79},[65,21495,19473],{"class":83},[65,21497,8812],{"class":79},[65,21499,8815],{"class":79},[65,21501,594],{"class":487},[65,21503,4581],{"class":491},[65,21505,594],{"class":487},[65,21507,87],{"class":79},[65,21509,13081],{"class":83},[65,21511,10255],{"class":79},[65,21513,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21515,360],{"class":79},[65,21517,594],{"class":487},[65,21519,4572],{"class":491},[65,21521,594],{"class":487},[65,21523,191],{"class":79},[65,21525,19473],{"class":83},[65,21527,87],{"class":79},[65,21529,603],{"class":487},[65,21531,4581],{"class":491},[65,21533,594],{"class":487},[65,21535,191],{"class":79},[65,21537,13081],{"class":83},[65,21539,98],{"class":79},[20,21541,20467],{},[51,21543,21545],{"id":21544},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21547,21548,21550,21551,21553],{},[15,21549,16653],{}," returns a ",[15,21552,21483],{}," view object.",[20,21555,1675],{},[33,21557,21558,21561,21564],{},[36,21559,21560],{},"You can loop over it",[36,21562,21563],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,21565,21566],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21568,267],{},[56,21570,21572],{"className":58,"code":21571,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21573,21574,21606,21620,21624,21638,21642,21661,21665],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21575,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21577,8744],{"class":71},[65,21579,76],{"class":75},[65,21581,80],{"class":79},[65,21583,488],{"class":487},[65,21585,1742],{"class":491},[65,21587,488],{"class":487},[65,21589,191],{"class":79},[65,21591,5066],{"class":83},[65,21593,87],{"class":79},[65,21595,499],{"class":487},[65,21597,11320],{"class":491},[65,21599,488],{"class":487},[65,21601,191],{"class":79},[65,21603,90],{"class":83},[65,21605,98],{"class":79},[65,21607,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21609,8794],{"class":71},[65,21611,76],{"class":75},[65,21613,14141],{"class":71},[65,21615,144],{"class":79},[65,21617,7384],{"class":147},[65,21619,8220],{"class":79},[65,21621,21622],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21623,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21625,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21627,164],{"class":163},[65,21629,151],{"class":79},[65,21631,7669],{"class":1259},[65,21633,151],{"class":79},[65,21635,8841],{"class":147},[65,21637,1028],{"class":79},[65,21639,21640],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,21641,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21643,21644,21646,21648,21650,21653,21655,21657,21659],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,21645,8783],{"class":71},[65,21647,3469],{"class":79},[65,21649,488],{"class":487},[65,21651,21652],{"class":491},"z",[65,21654,488],{"class":487},[65,21656,12848],{"class":79},[65,21658,12851],{"class":75},[65,21660,2144],{"class":83},[65,21662,21663],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,21664,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21666,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,21668,164],{"class":163},[65,21670,151],{"class":79},[65,21672,7669],{"class":1259},[65,21674,151],{"class":79},[65,21676,8841],{"class":147},[65,21678,1028],{"class":79},[20,21680,21681],{},[43,21682,350],{},[56,21684,21686],{"className":58,"code":21685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21687,21688,21718],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21691,21315],{"class":79},[65,21693,594],{"class":487},[65,21695,1742],{"class":491},[65,21697,594],{"class":487},[65,21699,87],{"class":79},[65,21701,5066],{"class":83},[65,21703,8812],{"class":79},[65,21705,8815],{"class":79},[65,21707,594],{"class":487},[65,21709,11320],{"class":491},[65,21711,594],{"class":487},[65,21713,87],{"class":79},[65,21715,90],{"class":83},[65,21717,8828],{"class":79},[65,21719,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21721,21315],{"class":79},[65,21723,594],{"class":487},[65,21725,1742],{"class":491},[65,21727,594],{"class":487},[65,21729,87],{"class":79},[65,21731,5066],{"class":83},[65,21733,8812],{"class":79},[65,21735,8815],{"class":79},[65,21737,594],{"class":487},[65,21739,11320],{"class":491},[65,21741,594],{"class":487},[65,21743,87],{"class":79},[65,21745,90],{"class":83},[65,21747,8812],{"class":79},[65,21749,8815],{"class":79},[65,21751,594],{"class":487},[65,21753,21652],{"class":491},[65,21755,594],{"class":487},[65,21757,87],{"class":79},[65,21759,95],{"class":83},[65,21761,8828],{"class":79},[20,21763,21764,21765,21767],{},"This happens because ",[15,21766,8841],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[51,21769,21771,21772],{"id":21770},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21773,16653],{},[20,21775,21776,21777,191],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21778,16653],{},[56,21780,21782],{"className":58,"code":21781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21783,21784,21837,21841,21861],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21785,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21787,12439],{"class":71},[65,21789,76],{"class":75},[65,21791,80],{"class":79},[65,21793,488],{"class":487},[65,21795,7241],{"class":491},[65,21797,488],{"class":487},[65,21799,191],{"class":79},[65,21801,499],{"class":487},[65,21803,7496],{"class":491},[65,21805,488],{"class":487},[65,21807,87],{"class":79},[65,21809,499],{"class":487},[65,21811,19466],{"class":491},[65,21813,488],{"class":487},[65,21815,191],{"class":79},[65,21817,499],{"class":487},[65,21819,21820],{"class":491},"A",[65,21822,488],{"class":487},[65,21824,87],{"class":79},[65,21826,499],{"class":487},[65,21828,8877],{"class":491},[65,21830,488],{"class":487},[65,21832,191],{"class":79},[65,21834,13432],{"class":83},[65,21836,98],{"class":79},[65,21838,21839],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21840,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21842,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21844,5527],{"class":3444},[65,21846,21154],{"class":71},[65,21848,87],{"class":79},[65,21850,21159],{"class":71},[65,21852,3451],{"class":3444},[65,21854,12482],{"class":71},[65,21856,144],{"class":79},[65,21858,7384],{"class":147},[65,21860,21170],{"class":79},[65,21862,21863,21865,21867,21870,21872,21874,21876,21879,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21864,7644],{"class":163},[65,21866,151],{"class":79},[65,21868,21869],{"class":1632},"f",[65,21871,488],{"class":491},[65,21873,360],{"class":83},[65,21875,14416],{"class":147},[65,21877,21878],{"class":83},"}",[65,21880,21881],{"class":491},": ",[65,21883,360],{"class":83},[65,21885,2040],{"class":147},[65,21887,21878],{"class":83},[65,21889,488],{"class":491},[65,21891,157],{"class":79},[20,21893,21894],{},[43,21895,350],{},[56,21897,21899],{"className":58,"code":21898,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21900,21901,21910,21919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21902,21903,21905,21907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21904,7241],{"class":71},[65,21906,191],{"class":79},[65,21908,21909],{"class":71}," Mia\n",[65,21911,21912,21914,21916],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21913,19466],{"class":71},[65,21915,191],{"class":79},[65,21917,21918],{"class":71}," A\n",[65,21920,21921,21923,21925],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21922,8877],{"class":71},[65,21924,191],{"class":79},[65,21926,21927],{"class":83}," 14\n",[20,21929,21930],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[56,21932,21934],{"className":58,"code":21933,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21935,21936,21988,21992,22004],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21937,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21939,12439],{"class":71},[65,21941,76],{"class":75},[65,21943,80],{"class":79},[65,21945,488],{"class":487},[65,21947,7241],{"class":491},[65,21949,488],{"class":487},[65,21951,191],{"class":79},[65,21953,499],{"class":487},[65,21955,7496],{"class":491},[65,21957,488],{"class":487},[65,21959,87],{"class":79},[65,21961,499],{"class":487},[65,21963,19466],{"class":491},[65,21965,488],{"class":487},[65,21967,191],{"class":79},[65,21969,499],{"class":487},[65,21971,21820],{"class":491},[65,21973,488],{"class":487},[65,21975,87],{"class":79},[65,21977,499],{"class":487},[65,21979,8877],{"class":491},[65,21981,488],{"class":487},[65,21983,191],{"class":79},[65,21985,13432],{"class":83},[65,21987,98],{"class":79},[65,21989,21990],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,21991,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,21993,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,21995,5527],{"class":3444},[65,21997,17784],{"class":71},[65,21999,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22001,12482],{"class":71},[65,22003,5963],{"class":79},[65,22005,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22007,7644],{"class":163},[65,22009,151],{"class":79},[65,22011,21869],{"class":1632},[65,22013,488],{"class":491},[65,22015,360],{"class":83},[65,22017,14416],{"class":147},[65,22019,21878],{"class":83},[65,22021,21881],{"class":491},[65,22023,360],{"class":83},[65,22025,13200],{"class":147},[65,22027,3469],{"class":79},[65,22029,14416],{"class":147},[65,22031,12848],{"class":79},[65,22033,21878],{"class":83},[65,22035,488],{"class":491},[65,22037,157],{"class":79},[20,22039,6081,22040,22043],{},[15,22041,22042],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22045,22046,22047,144],{},"For a full guide, see ",[210,22048,22050],{"href":22049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[51,22052,22054],{"id":22053},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22056,22057],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[56,22059,22061],{"className":58,"code":22060,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22062,22063,22121,22125,22145,22149],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22064,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22108,22110,22112,22114,22117,22119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22066,12652],{"class":71},[65,22068,76],{"class":75},[65,22070,80],{"class":79},[65,22072,488],{"class":487},[65,22074,3648],{"class":491},[65,22076,488],{"class":487},[65,22078,191],{"class":79},[65,22080,499],{"class":487},[65,22082,492],{"class":491},[65,22084,488],{"class":487},[65,22086,87],{"class":79},[65,22088,499],{"class":487},[65,22090,3657],{"class":491},[65,22092,488],{"class":487},[65,22094,191],{"class":79},[65,22096,499],{"class":487},[65,22098,537],{"class":491},[65,22100,488],{"class":487},[65,22102,87],{"class":79},[65,22104,499],{"class":487},[65,22106,22107],{"class":491},"grape",[65,22109,488],{"class":487},[65,22111,191],{"class":79},[65,22113,499],{"class":487},[65,22115,22116],{"class":491},"purple",[65,22118,488],{"class":487},[65,22120,98],{"class":79},[65,22122,22123],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22124,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22126,22127,22130,22132,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22128,22129],{"class":71},"pairs_list ",[65,22131,76],{"class":75},[65,22133,22134],{"class":1259}," list",[65,22136,151],{"class":79},[65,22138,17077],{"class":147},[65,22140,144],{"class":79},[65,22142,7384],{"class":147},[65,22144,6766],{"class":79},[65,22146,22147],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22148,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22150,22151,22153,22155,22158],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,22152,164],{"class":163},[65,22154,151],{"class":79},[65,22156,22157],{"class":147},"pairs_list",[65,22159,157],{"class":79},[20,22161,22162],{},[43,22163,350],{},[56,22165,22167],{"className":58,"code":22166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22168,22169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22170,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22172,21315],{"class":79},[65,22174,594],{"class":487},[65,22176,3648],{"class":491},[65,22178,594],{"class":487},[65,22180,87],{"class":79},[65,22182,603],{"class":487},[65,22184,492],{"class":491},[65,22186,594],{"class":487},[65,22188,8812],{"class":79},[65,22190,8815],{"class":79},[65,22192,594],{"class":487},[65,22194,3657],{"class":491},[65,22196,594],{"class":487},[65,22198,87],{"class":79},[65,22200,603],{"class":487},[65,22202,537],{"class":491},[65,22204,594],{"class":487},[65,22206,8812],{"class":79},[65,22208,8815],{"class":79},[65,22210,594],{"class":487},[65,22212,22107],{"class":491},[65,22214,594],{"class":487},[65,22216,87],{"class":79},[65,22218,603],{"class":487},[65,22220,22116],{"class":491},[65,22222,594],{"class":487},[65,22224,8828],{"class":79},[20,22226,22227],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22229,22230],{},"Use this when:",[33,22232,22233,22236,22239],{},[36,22234,22235],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,22237,22238],{},"You need list behavior",[36,22240,22241],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[51,22243,22245,657,22247,657,22249],{"id":22244},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22246,16653],{},[15,22248,16641],{},[15,22250,16647],{},[20,22252,22253],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,22255,22256,22261,22266],{},[36,22257,22258,22260],{},[15,22259,16653],{}," gives both key and value",[36,22262,22263,22265],{},[15,22264,16641],{}," gives only keys",[36,22267,22268,22270],{},[15,22269,16647],{}," gives only values",[20,22272,267],{},[56,22274,22276],{"className":58,"code":22275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22277,22278,22314,22318,22336,22354],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22279,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22281,12779],{"class":71},[65,22283,76],{"class":75},[65,22285,80],{"class":79},[65,22287,488],{"class":487},[65,22289,7241],{"class":491},[65,22291,488],{"class":487},[65,22293,191],{"class":79},[65,22295,499],{"class":487},[65,22297,12456],{"class":491},[65,22299,488],{"class":487},[65,22301,87],{"class":79},[65,22303,499],{"class":487},[65,22305,8877],{"class":491},[65,22307,488],{"class":487},[65,22309,191],{"class":79},[65,22311,8884],{"class":83},[65,22313,98],{"class":79},[65,22315,22316],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22317,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22319,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22321,164],{"class":163},[65,22323,151],{"class":79},[65,22325,7669],{"class":1259},[65,22327,151],{"class":79},[65,22329,16882],{"class":147},[65,22331,144],{"class":79},[65,22333,16499],{"class":147},[65,22335,5859],{"class":79},[65,22337,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22339,164],{"class":163},[65,22341,151],{"class":79},[65,22343,7669],{"class":1259},[65,22345,151],{"class":79},[65,22347,16882],{"class":147},[65,22349,144],{"class":79},[65,22351,4928],{"class":147},[65,22353,5859],{"class":79},[65,22355,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,22357,164],{"class":163},[65,22359,151],{"class":79},[65,22361,7669],{"class":1259},[65,22363,151],{"class":79},[65,22365,16882],{"class":147},[65,22367,144],{"class":79},[65,22369,7384],{"class":147},[65,22371,5859],{"class":79},[20,22373,22374],{},[43,22375,350],{},[56,22377,22379],{"className":58,"code":22378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22380,22381,22401,22417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22382,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22384,3469],{"class":79},[65,22386,594],{"class":487},[65,22388,7241],{"class":491},[65,22390,594],{"class":487},[65,22392,87],{"class":79},[65,22394,603],{"class":487},[65,22396,8877],{"class":491},[65,22398,594],{"class":487},[65,22400,1352],{"class":79},[65,22402,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22404,3469],{"class":79},[65,22406,594],{"class":487},[65,22408,12456],{"class":491},[65,22410,594],{"class":487},[65,22412,87],{"class":79},[65,22414,8884],{"class":83},[65,22416,1352],{"class":79},[65,22418,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22420,21315],{"class":79},[65,22422,594],{"class":487},[65,22424,7241],{"class":491},[65,22426,594],{"class":487},[65,22428,87],{"class":79},[65,22430,603],{"class":487},[65,22432,12456],{"class":491},[65,22434,594],{"class":487},[65,22436,8812],{"class":79},[65,22438,8815],{"class":79},[65,22440,594],{"class":487},[65,22442,8877],{"class":491},[65,22444,594],{"class":487},[65,22446,87],{"class":79},[65,22448,8884],{"class":83},[65,22450,8828],{"class":79},[20,22452,22453],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,22455,22456,22464,22472],{},[36,22457,22458,22459],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[210,22460,22462],{"href":22461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22463,16641],{},[36,22465,22466,22467],{},"Need just values? Use ",[210,22468,22470],{"href":22469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22471,16647],{},[36,22473,22474,22475],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22476,16653],{},[51,22478,4529,22480],{"id":22479},"when-to-use-items",[15,22481,16653],{},[20,22483,22484,22486],{},[15,22485,16653],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,22488,22489,22492,22495,22498,22501],{},[36,22490,22491],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,22493,22494],{},"Building formatted output",[36,22496,22497],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,22499,22500],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,22502,22503],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22505,267],{},[56,22507,22509],{"className":58,"code":22508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22510,22511,22519,22537,22556,22568,22572,22576,22597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22512,22513,22515,22517],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22514,13400],{"class":71},[65,22516,76],{"class":75},[65,22518,11067],{"class":79},[65,22520,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22522,11072],{"class":487},[65,22524,12070],{"class":491},[65,22526,488],{"class":487},[65,22528,191],{"class":79},[65,22530,499],{"class":487},[65,22532,12079],{"class":491},[65,22534,488],{"class":487},[65,22536,11088],{"class":79},[65,22538,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22552,22554],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22540,11072],{"class":487},[65,22542,19698],{"class":491},[65,22544,488],{"class":487},[65,22546,191],{"class":79},[65,22548,499],{"class":487},[65,22550,22551],{"class":491},"English",[65,22553,488],{"class":487},[65,22555,11088],{"class":79},[65,22557,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22559,11072],{"class":487},[65,22561,18100],{"class":491},[65,22563,488],{"class":487},[65,22565,191],{"class":79},[65,22567,5993],{"class":3419},[65,22569,22570],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,22571,98],{"class":79},[65,22573,22574],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,22575,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22577,22578,22580,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,22579,5527],{"class":3444},[65,22581,22582],{"class":71}," setting",[65,22584,87],{"class":79},[65,22586,21159],{"class":71},[65,22588,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22590,13444],{"class":71},[65,22592,144],{"class":79},[65,22594,7384],{"class":147},[65,22596,21170],{"class":79},[65,22598,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22612,22614,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,22600,7644],{"class":163},[65,22602,151],{"class":79},[65,22604,21869],{"class":1632},[65,22606,488],{"class":491},[65,22608,360],{"class":83},[65,22610,22611],{"class":147},"setting",[65,22613,21878],{"class":83},[65,22615,22616],{"class":491}," = ",[65,22618,360],{"class":83},[65,22620,2040],{"class":147},[65,22622,21878],{"class":83},[65,22624,488],{"class":491},[65,22626,157],{"class":79},[20,22628,22629],{},[43,22630,350],{},[56,22632,22634],{"className":58,"code":22633,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22635,22636,22646,22656],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22637,22638,22641,22643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22639,22640],{"class":71},"theme ",[65,22642,76],{"class":75},[65,22644,22645],{"class":71}," dark\n",[65,22647,22648,22651,22653],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22649,22650],{"class":71},"language ",[65,22652,76],{"class":75},[65,22654,22655],{"class":71}," English\n",[65,22657,22658,22661,22663],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22659,22660],{"class":71},"notifications ",[65,22662,76],{"class":75},[65,22664,5993],{"class":3419},[51,22666,2396],{"id":2395},[20,22668,22669,22670,144],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22671,16653],{},[1286,22673,22675,22676,22678],{"id":22674},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22677,16653],{}," incorrectly",[20,22680,22681,22682,22684,22685,22688],{},"Each result from ",[15,22683,16653],{}," has ",[43,22686,22687],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22690,6259],{},[56,22692,22693],{"className":58,"code":21105,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,22694,22695,22731,22735,22755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22696,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22698,12779],{"class":71},[65,22700,76],{"class":75},[65,22702,80],{"class":79},[65,22704,488],{"class":487},[65,22706,7241],{"class":491},[65,22708,488],{"class":487},[65,22710,191],{"class":79},[65,22712,499],{"class":487},[65,22714,12456],{"class":491},[65,22716,488],{"class":487},[65,22718,87],{"class":79},[65,22720,499],{"class":487},[65,22722,8877],{"class":491},[65,22724,488],{"class":487},[65,22726,191],{"class":79},[65,22728,8884],{"class":83},[65,22730,98],{"class":79},[65,22732,22733],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22734,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22736,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22738,5527],{"class":3444},[65,22740,21154],{"class":71},[65,22742,87],{"class":79},[65,22744,21159],{"class":71},[65,22746,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22748,12822],{"class":71},[65,22750,144],{"class":79},[65,22752,7384],{"class":147},[65,22754,21170],{"class":79},[65,22756,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22758,7644],{"class":163},[65,22760,151],{"class":79},[65,22762,14416],{"class":147},[65,22764,87],{"class":79},[65,22766,8010],{"class":147},[65,22768,157],{"class":79},[20,22770,22771],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[56,22773,22775],{"className":58,"code":22774,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22776,22777,22813,22817,22833],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22778,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22780,12779],{"class":71},[65,22782,76],{"class":75},[65,22784,80],{"class":79},[65,22786,488],{"class":487},[65,22788,7241],{"class":491},[65,22790,488],{"class":487},[65,22792,191],{"class":79},[65,22794,499],{"class":487},[65,22796,12456],{"class":491},[65,22798,488],{"class":487},[65,22800,87],{"class":79},[65,22802,499],{"class":487},[65,22804,8877],{"class":491},[65,22806,488],{"class":487},[65,22808,191],{"class":79},[65,22810,8884],{"class":83},[65,22812,98],{"class":79},[65,22814,22815],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22816,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22818,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22820,5527],{"class":3444},[65,22822,17784],{"class":71},[65,22824,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22826,12822],{"class":71},[65,22828,144],{"class":79},[65,22830,7384],{"class":147},[65,22832,21170],{"class":79},[65,22834,22835,22837,22839,22841],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22836,7644],{"class":163},[65,22838,151],{"class":79},[65,22840,14416],{"class":147},[65,22842,157],{"class":79},[20,22844,22845,22846,22848,22849,22852],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22847,14416],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22850,22851],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22854,22855],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[56,22857,22859],{"className":58,"code":22858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22860,22861,22877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22862,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22864,5527],{"class":3444},[65,22866,5530],{"class":71},[65,22868,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22870,12822],{"class":71},[65,22872,144],{"class":79},[65,22874,7384],{"class":147},[65,22876,21170],{"class":79},[65,22878,22879,22881,22883,22886],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22880,7644],{"class":163},[65,22882,151],{"class":79},[65,22884,22885],{"class":147},"item",[65,22887,157],{"class":79},[20,22889,22890],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[56,22892,22894],{"className":58,"code":22893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22895,22896,22916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22897,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22899,5527],{"class":3444},[65,22901,21154],{"class":71},[65,22903,87],{"class":79},[65,22905,21159],{"class":71},[65,22907,3451],{"class":3444},[65,22909,12822],{"class":71},[65,22911,144],{"class":79},[65,22913,7384],{"class":147},[65,22915,21170],{"class":79},[65,22917,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22919,7644],{"class":163},[65,22921,151],{"class":79},[65,22923,14416],{"class":147},[65,22925,87],{"class":79},[65,22927,8010],{"class":147},[65,22929,157],{"class":79},[1286,22931,8030,22933,22935],{"id":22932},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22934,16653],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22937,22938,21550,22940,22942],{},[15,22939,16653],{},[15,22941,21483],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22944,22945],{},"Check it:",[56,22947,22949],{"className":58,"code":22948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22950,22951,22983,22987,23001,23019],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22952,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22954,11299],{"class":71},[65,22956,76],{"class":75},[65,22958,80],{"class":79},[65,22960,488],{"class":487},[65,22962,210],{"class":491},[65,22964,488],{"class":487},[65,22966,191],{"class":79},[65,22968,5066],{"class":83},[65,22970,87],{"class":79},[65,22972,499],{"class":487},[65,22974,154],{"class":491},[65,22976,488],{"class":487},[65,22978,191],{"class":79},[65,22980,90],{"class":83},[65,22982,98],{"class":79},[65,22984,22985],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,22986,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,22988,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,22990,164],{"class":163},[65,22992,151],{"class":79},[65,22994,11025],{"class":147},[65,22996,144],{"class":79},[65,22998,7384],{"class":147},[65,23000,6766],{"class":79},[65,23002,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23004,164],{"class":163},[65,23006,151],{"class":79},[65,23008,1260],{"class":1259},[65,23010,151],{"class":79},[65,23012,11025],{"class":147},[65,23014,144],{"class":79},[65,23016,7384],{"class":147},[65,23018,5859],{"class":79},[65,23020,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,23022,164],{"class":163},[65,23024,151],{"class":79},[65,23026,7669],{"class":1259},[65,23028,151],{"class":79},[65,23030,11025],{"class":147},[65,23032,144],{"class":79},[65,23034,7384],{"class":147},[65,23036,5859],{"class":79},[20,23038,23039],{},[43,23040,350],{},[56,23042,23044],{"className":58,"code":23043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23045,23046,23078,23092],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23047,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23049,21483],{"class":147},[65,23051,9235],{"class":79},[65,23053,594],{"class":487},[65,23055,210],{"class":491},[65,23057,594],{"class":487},[65,23059,87],{"class":79},[65,23061,5066],{"class":83},[65,23063,8812],{"class":79},[65,23065,8815],{"class":79},[65,23067,594],{"class":487},[65,23069,154],{"class":491},[65,23071,594],{"class":487},[65,23073,87],{"class":79},[65,23075,90],{"class":83},[65,23077,10255],{"class":79},[65,23079,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23081,2857],{"class":75},[65,23083,2860],{"class":1632},[65,23085,603],{"class":487},[65,23087,21483],{"class":491},[65,23089,594],{"class":487},[65,23091,2869],{"class":75},[65,23093,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23095,21315],{"class":79},[65,23097,594],{"class":487},[65,23099,210],{"class":491},[65,23101,594],{"class":487},[65,23103,87],{"class":79},[65,23105,5066],{"class":83},[65,23107,8812],{"class":79},[65,23109,8815],{"class":79},[65,23111,594],{"class":487},[65,23113,154],{"class":491},[65,23115,594],{"class":487},[65,23117,87],{"class":79},[65,23119,90],{"class":83},[65,23121,8828],{"class":79},[1286,23123,23125,23126],{"id":23124},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23127,16653],{},[20,23129,23130],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23132,23133],{},"Problem example:",[56,23135,23137],{"className":58,"code":23136,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23138,23139,23183,23187,23207,23219],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23140,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23142,3185],{"class":71},[65,23144,76],{"class":75},[65,23146,80],{"class":79},[65,23148,488],{"class":487},[65,23150,210],{"class":491},[65,23152,488],{"class":487},[65,23154,191],{"class":79},[65,23156,5066],{"class":83},[65,23158,87],{"class":79},[65,23160,499],{"class":487},[65,23162,154],{"class":491},[65,23164,488],{"class":487},[65,23166,191],{"class":79},[65,23168,90],{"class":83},[65,23170,87],{"class":79},[65,23172,499],{"class":487},[65,23174,9317],{"class":491},[65,23176,488],{"class":487},[65,23178,191],{"class":79},[65,23180,95],{"class":83},[65,23182,98],{"class":79},[65,23184,23185],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23186,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23188,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23190,5527],{"class":3444},[65,23192,21154],{"class":71},[65,23194,87],{"class":79},[65,23196,21159],{"class":71},[65,23198,3451],{"class":3444},[65,23200,3833],{"class":71},[65,23202,144],{"class":79},[65,23204,7384],{"class":147},[65,23206,21170],{"class":79},[65,23208,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23210,5968],{"class":3444},[65,23212,21159],{"class":71},[65,23214,4256],{"class":75},[65,23216,90],{"class":83},[65,23218,5963],{"class":79},[65,23220,23221,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,23222,23223],{"class":71},"        numbers",[65,23225,3469],{"class":79},[65,23227,488],{"class":487},[65,23229,18342],{"class":491},[65,23231,488],{"class":487},[65,23233,12848],{"class":79},[65,23235,12851],{"class":75},[65,23237,23238],{"class":83}," 4\n",[20,23240,23241],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23243,23244],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[56,23246,23248],{"className":58,"code":23247,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23249,23250,23294,23298,23323,23335,23353,23357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23251,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23253,3185],{"class":71},[65,23255,76],{"class":75},[65,23257,80],{"class":79},[65,23259,488],{"class":487},[65,23261,210],{"class":491},[65,23263,488],{"class":487},[65,23265,191],{"class":79},[65,23267,5066],{"class":83},[65,23269,87],{"class":79},[65,23271,499],{"class":487},[65,23273,154],{"class":491},[65,23275,488],{"class":487},[65,23277,191],{"class":79},[65,23279,90],{"class":83},[65,23281,87],{"class":79},[65,23283,499],{"class":487},[65,23285,9317],{"class":491},[65,23287,488],{"class":487},[65,23289,191],{"class":79},[65,23291,95],{"class":83},[65,23293,98],{"class":79},[65,23295,23296],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23297,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23301,5527],{"class":3444},[65,23303,21154],{"class":71},[65,23305,87],{"class":79},[65,23307,21159],{"class":71},[65,23309,3451],{"class":3444},[65,23311,22134],{"class":1259},[65,23313,151],{"class":79},[65,23315,3215],{"class":147},[65,23317,144],{"class":79},[65,23319,7384],{"class":147},[65,23321,23322],{"class":79},"()):\n",[65,23324,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23326,5968],{"class":3444},[65,23328,21159],{"class":71},[65,23330,4256],{"class":75},[65,23332,90],{"class":83},[65,23334,5963],{"class":79},[65,23336,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,23338,23223],{"class":71},[65,23340,3469],{"class":79},[65,23342,488],{"class":487},[65,23344,18342],{"class":491},[65,23346,488],{"class":487},[65,23348,12848],{"class":79},[65,23350,12851],{"class":75},[65,23352,23238],{"class":83},[65,23354,23355],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,23356,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,23360,164],{"class":163},[65,23362,151],{"class":79},[65,23364,3215],{"class":147},[65,23366,157],{"class":79},[1286,23368,23370],{"id":23369},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23372,23373],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[56,23375,23377],{"className":58,"code":23376,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23378,23379,23411,23415,23431],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23382,8744],{"class":71},[65,23384,76],{"class":75},[65,23386,80],{"class":79},[65,23388,488],{"class":487},[65,23390,1742],{"class":491},[65,23392,488],{"class":487},[65,23394,191],{"class":79},[65,23396,5574],{"class":83},[65,23398,87],{"class":79},[65,23400,499],{"class":487},[65,23402,11320],{"class":491},[65,23404,488],{"class":487},[65,23406,191],{"class":79},[65,23408,7364],{"class":83},[65,23410,98],{"class":79},[65,23412,23413],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23414,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23416,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23418,5527],{"class":3444},[65,23420,5530],{"class":71},[65,23422,3451],{"class":3444},[65,23424,14141],{"class":71},[65,23426,144],{"class":79},[65,23428,7384],{"class":147},[65,23430,21170],{"class":79},[65,23432,23433,23435,23437,23439],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23434,7644],{"class":163},[65,23436,151],{"class":79},[65,23438,22885],{"class":147},[65,23440,157],{"class":79},[20,23442,23443],{},[43,23444,350],{},[56,23446,23448],{"className":58,"code":23447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23449,23450,23466],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23451,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23453,151],{"class":79},[65,23455,594],{"class":487},[65,23457,1742],{"class":491},[65,23459,594],{"class":487},[65,23461,87],{"class":79},[65,23463,5574],{"class":83},[65,23465,157],{"class":79},[65,23467,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23469,151],{"class":79},[65,23471,594],{"class":487},[65,23473,11320],{"class":491},[65,23475,594],{"class":487},[65,23477,87],{"class":79},[65,23479,7364],{"class":83},[65,23481,157],{"class":79},[20,23483,23484,23485,23487],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23486,21230],{}," pair.",[51,23489,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,23491,23493,23494,4714],{"id":23492},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23495,16653],{},[20,23497,16997,23498,23500],{},[15,23499,21483],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1286,23502,1289,23504,23506],{"id":23503},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23505,16653],{}," return a list?",[20,23508,23509,23510,23513],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23511,23512],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1286,23515,23517,23518,1304],{"id":23516},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23519,16653],{},[20,23521,23522],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[56,23524,23526],{"className":58,"code":23525,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23527,23528,23548],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23529,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23531,5527],{"class":3444},[65,23533,21154],{"class":71},[65,23535,87],{"class":79},[65,23537,21159],{"class":71},[65,23539,3451],{"class":3444},[65,23541,11341],{"class":71},[65,23543,144],{"class":79},[65,23545,7384],{"class":147},[65,23547,21170],{"class":79},[65,23549,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23551,7644],{"class":163},[65,23553,151],{"class":79},[65,23555,14416],{"class":147},[65,23557,87],{"class":79},[65,23559,8010],{"class":147},[65,23561,157],{"class":79},[1286,23563,1289,23565,23567],{"id":23564},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23566,16653],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23569,23570],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[51,23572,1455],{"id":1454},[33,23574,23575,23581,23587,23592,23596],{},[36,23576,23577],{},[210,23578,10313,23579,1474],{"href":22461},[15,23580,16641],{},[36,23582,23583],{},[210,23584,10313,23585,1474],{"href":22469},[15,23586,16647],{},[36,23588,23589],{},[210,23590,23591],{"href":22049},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,23593,23594],{},[210,23595,8734],{"href":12599},[36,23597,23598],{},[210,23599,23600],{"href":21353},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1499,23602,23603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":23605},[23606,23607,23609,23610,23611,23613,23614,23616,23618,23627,23637],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":21213,"depth":101,"text":23608},"What items() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":21544,"depth":101,"text":21545},{"id":21770,"depth":101,"text":23612},"Looping with items()",{"id":22053,"depth":101,"text":22054},{"id":22244,"depth":101,"text":23615},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22479,"depth":101,"text":23617},"When to use items()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":23619},[23620,23622,23624,23626],{"id":22674,"depth":126,"text":23621},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22932,"depth":126,"text":23623},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23124,"depth":126,"text":23625},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23369,"depth":126,"text":23370},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":23628},[23629,23631,23633,23635],{"id":23492,"depth":126,"text":23630},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23503,"depth":126,"text":23632},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23516,"depth":126,"text":23634},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23564,"depth":126,"text":23636},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21081,"description":23638},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23645,"title":23646,"body":23647,"description":25738,"extension":1528,"meta":25739,"navigation":129,"path":22461,"seo":25740,"stem":25741,"__hash__":25742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23648,"toc":25704},[23649,23654,23660,23663,23674,23681,23683,23766,23770,23817,23822,23827,23832,23834,23850,23852,23951,23955,24012,24015,24017,24020,24113,24117,24180,24183,24199,24204,24206,24208,24223,24225,24236,24238,24281,24284,24328,24331,24333,24340,24343,24360,24362,24455,24459,24500,24512,24516,24519,24607,24611,24631,24634,24661,24668,24673,24677,24688,24690,24794,24798,24824,24827,24894,24899,24902,24925,24930,24934,24939,24945,24950,24952,25007,25011,25038,25045,25051,25054,25079,25085,25111,25114,25189,25196,25201,25203,25242,25260,25264,25267,25310,25313,25315,25334,25336,25341,25366,25369,25439,25442,25515,25519,25521,25582,25585,25601,25603,25608,25613,25620,25629,25635,25641,25648,25654,25658,25663,25665,25701],[10,23650,10894,23652,18],{"id":23651},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23653,16641],{},[20,23655,23656,23657,23659],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23658,16641],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23661,23662],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,23664,23665,23668,23671],{},[36,23666,23667],{},"view the available keys",[36,23669,23670],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,23672,23673],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23675,23676,23678,23679,144],{},[15,23677,16641],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23680,16590],{},[51,23682,1570],{"id":1569},[56,23684,23686],{"className":58,"code":23685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23687,23688,23724,23738,23742,23752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23689,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23691,12439],{"class":71},[65,23693,76],{"class":75},[65,23695,80],{"class":79},[65,23697,488],{"class":487},[65,23699,7241],{"class":491},[65,23701,488],{"class":487},[65,23703,191],{"class":79},[65,23705,499],{"class":487},[65,23707,12456],{"class":491},[65,23709,488],{"class":487},[65,23711,87],{"class":79},[65,23713,499],{"class":487},[65,23715,8877],{"class":491},[65,23717,488],{"class":487},[65,23719,191],{"class":79},[65,23721,7364],{"class":83},[65,23723,98],{"class":79},[65,23725,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23727,16817],{"class":71},[65,23729,76],{"class":75},[65,23731,12482],{"class":71},[65,23733,144],{"class":79},[65,23735,16499],{"class":147},[65,23737,8220],{"class":79},[65,23739,23740],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23741,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23743,23744,23746,23748,23750],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23745,164],{"class":163},[65,23747,151],{"class":79},[65,23749,16499],{"class":147},[65,23751,157],{"class":79},[65,23753,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,23755,164],{"class":163},[65,23757,151],{"class":79},[65,23759,7669],{"class":1259},[65,23761,151],{"class":79},[65,23763,16499],{"class":147},[65,23765,1028],{"class":79},[20,23767,23768],{},[43,23769,350],{},[56,23771,23773],{"className":58,"code":23772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23774,23775,23797],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23776,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23778,16590],{"class":147},[65,23780,2552],{"class":79},[65,23782,594],{"class":487},[65,23784,7241],{"class":491},[65,23786,594],{"class":487},[65,23788,87],{"class":79},[65,23790,603],{"class":487},[65,23792,8877],{"class":491},[65,23794,594],{"class":487},[65,23796,3457],{"class":79},[65,23798,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23800,3469],{"class":79},[65,23802,594],{"class":487},[65,23804,7241],{"class":491},[65,23806,594],{"class":487},[65,23808,87],{"class":79},[65,23810,603],{"class":487},[65,23812,8877],{"class":491},[65,23814,594],{"class":487},[65,23816,1352],{"class":79},[20,23818,1660,23819,23821],{},[15,23820,16641],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[51,23823,183,23825,186],{"id":23824},"what-keys-does",[15,23826,16641],{},[20,23828,23829,23831],{},[15,23830,16641],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23833,11034],{},[33,23835,23836,23839,23842,23847],{},[36,23837,23838],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,23840,23841],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,23843,16997,23844,23846],{},[15,23845,16590],{}," view object, not a list",[36,23848,23849],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23851,267],{},[56,23853,23855],{"className":58,"code":23854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23856,23857,23893,23897,23911,23915,23937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23858,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23860,12779],{"class":71},[65,23862,76],{"class":75},[65,23864,80],{"class":79},[65,23866,488],{"class":487},[65,23868,7241],{"class":491},[65,23870,488],{"class":487},[65,23872,191],{"class":79},[65,23874,499],{"class":487},[65,23876,12796],{"class":491},[65,23878,488],{"class":487},[65,23880,87],{"class":79},[65,23882,499],{"class":487},[65,23884,8877],{"class":491},[65,23886,488],{"class":487},[65,23888,191],{"class":79},[65,23890,8884],{"class":83},[65,23892,98],{"class":79},[65,23894,23895],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23896,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23898,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,23900,164],{"class":163},[65,23902,151],{"class":79},[65,23904,16882],{"class":147},[65,23906,144],{"class":79},[65,23908,16499],{"class":147},[65,23910,6766],{"class":79},[65,23912,23913],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23914,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,23916,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,23918,16882],{"class":71},[65,23920,3469],{"class":79},[65,23922,488],{"class":487},[65,23924,9986],{"class":491},[65,23926,488],{"class":487},[65,23928,12848],{"class":79},[65,23930,12851],{"class":75},[65,23932,499],{"class":487},[65,23934,9993],{"class":491},[65,23936,2925],{"class":487},[65,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,23940,164],{"class":163},[65,23942,151],{"class":79},[65,23944,16882],{"class":147},[65,23946,144],{"class":79},[65,23948,16499],{"class":147},[65,23950,6766],{"class":79},[20,23952,23953],{},[43,23954,350],{},[56,23956,23958],{"className":58,"code":23957,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23959,23960,23982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23961,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23963,16590],{"class":147},[65,23965,2552],{"class":79},[65,23967,594],{"class":487},[65,23969,7241],{"class":491},[65,23971,594],{"class":487},[65,23973,87],{"class":79},[65,23975,603],{"class":487},[65,23977,8877],{"class":491},[65,23979,594],{"class":487},[65,23981,3457],{"class":79},[65,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,23985,16590],{"class":147},[65,23987,2552],{"class":79},[65,23989,594],{"class":487},[65,23991,7241],{"class":491},[65,23993,594],{"class":487},[65,23995,87],{"class":79},[65,23997,603],{"class":487},[65,23999,8877],{"class":491},[65,24001,594],{"class":487},[65,24003,87],{"class":79},[65,24005,603],{"class":487},[65,24007,9986],{"class":491},[65,24009,594],{"class":487},[65,24011,3457],{"class":79},[20,24013,24014],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[51,24016,5356],{"id":5355},[20,24018,24019],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[56,24021,24023],{"className":58,"code":24022,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24024,24025,24077,24081,24095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24028,8744],{"class":71},[65,24030,76],{"class":75},[65,24032,80],{"class":79},[65,24034,488],{"class":487},[65,24036,7241],{"class":491},[65,24038,488],{"class":487},[65,24040,191],{"class":79},[65,24042,499],{"class":487},[65,24044,12456],{"class":491},[65,24046,488],{"class":487},[65,24048,87],{"class":79},[65,24050,499],{"class":487},[65,24052,8877],{"class":491},[65,24054,488],{"class":487},[65,24056,191],{"class":79},[65,24058,7364],{"class":83},[65,24060,87],{"class":79},[65,24062,499],{"class":487},[65,24064,19466],{"class":491},[65,24066,488],{"class":487},[65,24068,191],{"class":79},[65,24070,499],{"class":487},[65,24072,21820],{"class":491},[65,24074,488],{"class":487},[65,24076,98],{"class":79},[65,24078,24079],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24080,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24084,164],{"class":163},[65,24086,151],{"class":79},[65,24088,8783],{"class":147},[65,24090,144],{"class":79},[65,24092,16499],{"class":147},[65,24094,6766],{"class":79},[65,24096,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24098,164],{"class":163},[65,24100,151],{"class":79},[65,24102,7669],{"class":1259},[65,24104,151],{"class":79},[65,24106,8783],{"class":147},[65,24108,144],{"class":79},[65,24110,16499],{"class":147},[65,24112,5859],{"class":79},[20,24114,24115],{},[43,24116,350],{},[56,24118,24120],{"className":58,"code":24119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24121,24122,24152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24123,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24125,16590],{"class":147},[65,24127,2552],{"class":79},[65,24129,594],{"class":487},[65,24131,7241],{"class":491},[65,24133,594],{"class":487},[65,24135,87],{"class":79},[65,24137,603],{"class":487},[65,24139,8877],{"class":491},[65,24141,594],{"class":487},[65,24143,87],{"class":79},[65,24145,603],{"class":487},[65,24147,19466],{"class":491},[65,24149,594],{"class":487},[65,24151,3457],{"class":79},[65,24153,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24155,3469],{"class":79},[65,24157,594],{"class":487},[65,24159,7241],{"class":491},[65,24161,594],{"class":487},[65,24163,87],{"class":79},[65,24165,603],{"class":487},[65,24167,8877],{"class":491},[65,24169,594],{"class":487},[65,24171,87],{"class":79},[65,24173,603],{"class":487},[65,24175,19466],{"class":491},[65,24177,594],{"class":487},[65,24179,1352],{"class":79},[20,24181,24182],{},"This shows two things:",[33,24184,24185,24193],{},[36,24186,24187,21550,24190,24192],{},[15,24188,24189],{},"data.keys()",[15,24191,16590],{}," object",[36,24194,24195,24198],{},[15,24196,24197],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24200,8730,24201,144],{},[210,24202,24203],{"href":8968},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[51,24205,5000],{"id":4999},[20,24207,1728],{},[56,24209,24211],{"className":58,"code":24210,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24212,24213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24214,24215,24217,24219,24221],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24216,11025],{"class":71},[65,24218,144],{"class":79},[65,24220,16499],{"class":147},[65,24222,8220],{"class":79},[20,24224,21375],{},[33,24226,24227,24230,24233],{},[36,24228,24229],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,24231,24232],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,24234,24235],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24237,16231],{},[56,24239,24241],{"className":58,"code":24240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24242,24243,24267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24244,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24246,12439],{"class":71},[65,24248,76],{"class":75},[65,24250,80],{"class":79},[65,24252,488],{"class":487},[65,24254,7241],{"class":491},[65,24256,488],{"class":487},[65,24258,191],{"class":79},[65,24260,499],{"class":487},[65,24262,12456],{"class":491},[65,24264,488],{"class":487},[65,24266,98],{"class":79},[65,24268,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24270,164],{"class":163},[65,24272,151],{"class":79},[65,24274,13200],{"class":147},[65,24276,144],{"class":79},[65,24278,16499],{"class":147},[65,24280,6766],{"class":79},[20,24282,24283],{},"Incorrect:",[56,24285,24287],{"className":58,"code":24286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24288,24289,24313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24290,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24292,12439],{"class":71},[65,24294,76],{"class":75},[65,24296,80],{"class":79},[65,24298,488],{"class":487},[65,24300,7241],{"class":491},[65,24302,488],{"class":487},[65,24304,191],{"class":79},[65,24306,499],{"class":487},[65,24308,12456],{"class":491},[65,24310,488],{"class":487},[65,24312,98],{"class":79},[65,24314,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24326],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24316,164],{"class":163},[65,24318,151],{"class":79},[65,24320,13200],{"class":147},[65,24322,144],{"class":79},[65,24324,16499],{"class":24325},"skxfh",[65,24327,157],{"class":79},[20,24329,24330],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[51,24332,16994],{"id":16993},[20,24334,24335,21550,24337,24339],{},[15,24336,16641],{},[15,24338,16590],{}," object.",[20,24341,24342],{},"This object:",[33,24344,24345,24348,24351,24357],{},[36,24346,24347],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,24349,24350],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,24352,24353,24354],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24355,24356],{},"list()",[36,24358,24359],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24361,267],{},[56,24363,24365],{"className":58,"code":24364,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24366,24367,24408,24412,24427,24431,24441],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24368,24369,24372,24374,24376,24378,24381,24383,24385,24387,24390,24392,24394,24396,24399,24401,24403,24406],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24370,24371],{"class":71},"car ",[65,24373,76],{"class":75},[65,24375,80],{"class":79},[65,24377,488],{"class":487},[65,24379,24380],{"class":491},"brand",[65,24382,488],{"class":487},[65,24384,191],{"class":79},[65,24386,499],{"class":487},[65,24388,24389],{"class":491},"Toyota",[65,24391,488],{"class":487},[65,24393,87],{"class":79},[65,24395,499],{"class":487},[65,24397,24398],{"class":491},"year",[65,24400,488],{"class":487},[65,24402,191],{"class":79},[65,24404,24405],{"class":83}," 2020",[65,24407,98],{"class":79},[65,24409,24410],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24411,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24413,24414,24416,24418,24421,24423,24425],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24415,136],{"class":71},[65,24417,76],{"class":75},[65,24419,24420],{"class":71}," car",[65,24422,144],{"class":79},[65,24424,16499],{"class":147},[65,24426,8220],{"class":79},[65,24428,24429],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24430,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24432,24433,24435,24437,24439],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,24434,164],{"class":163},[65,24436,151],{"class":79},[65,24438,169],{"class":147},[65,24440,157],{"class":79},[65,24442,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,24444,164],{"class":163},[65,24446,151],{"class":79},[65,24448,1260],{"class":1259},[65,24450,151],{"class":79},[65,24452,169],{"class":147},[65,24454,1028],{"class":79},[20,24456,24457],{},[43,24458,350],{},[56,24460,24462],{"className":58,"code":24461,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24463,24464,24486],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24465,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24467,16590],{"class":147},[65,24469,2552],{"class":79},[65,24471,594],{"class":487},[65,24473,24380],{"class":491},[65,24475,594],{"class":487},[65,24477,87],{"class":79},[65,24479,603],{"class":487},[65,24481,24398],{"class":491},[65,24483,594],{"class":487},[65,24485,3457],{"class":79},[65,24487,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24489,2857],{"class":75},[65,24491,2860],{"class":1632},[65,24493,603],{"class":487},[65,24495,16590],{"class":491},[65,24497,594],{"class":487},[65,24499,2869],{"class":75},[20,24501,24502,24503,24507,24508,144],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[210,24504,10313,24505,1474],{"href":16644},[15,24506,16647],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[210,24509,10313,24510,1474],{"href":16650},[15,24511,16653],{},[51,24513,24515],{"id":24514},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24517,24518],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[56,24520,24522],{"className":58,"code":24521,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24523,24524,24577,24581,24597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24525,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24573,24575],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24527,12439],{"class":71},[65,24529,76],{"class":75},[65,24531,80],{"class":79},[65,24533,488],{"class":487},[65,24535,7241],{"class":491},[65,24537,488],{"class":487},[65,24539,191],{"class":79},[65,24541,499],{"class":487},[65,24543,12456],{"class":491},[65,24545,488],{"class":487},[65,24547,87],{"class":79},[65,24549,499],{"class":487},[65,24551,8877],{"class":491},[65,24553,488],{"class":487},[65,24555,191],{"class":79},[65,24557,7364],{"class":83},[65,24559,87],{"class":79},[65,24561,499],{"class":487},[65,24563,14904],{"class":491},[65,24565,488],{"class":487},[65,24567,191],{"class":79},[65,24569,499],{"class":487},[65,24571,24572],{"class":491},"Math",[65,24574,488],{"class":487},[65,24576,98],{"class":79},[65,24578,24579],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24580,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24582,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24584,5527],{"class":3444},[65,24586,17784],{"class":71},[65,24588,3451],{"class":3444},[65,24590,12482],{"class":71},[65,24592,144],{"class":79},[65,24594,16499],{"class":147},[65,24596,21170],{"class":79},[65,24598,24599,24601,24603,24605],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24600,7644],{"class":163},[65,24602,151],{"class":79},[65,24604,14416],{"class":147},[65,24606,157],{"class":79},[20,24608,24609],{},[43,24610,350],{},[56,24612,24614],{"className":58,"code":24613,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24615,24616,24621,24626],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24617,24618],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24619,24620],{"class":71},"name\n",[65,24622,24623],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24624,24625],{"class":71},"age\n",[65,24627,24628],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24629,24630],{"class":71},"course\n",[20,24632,24633],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[56,24635,24637],{"className":58,"code":24636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24638,24639,24651],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24640,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24642,5527],{"class":3444},[65,24644,17784],{"class":71},[65,24646,3451],{"class":3444},[65,24648,12482],{"class":71},[65,24650,5963],{"class":79},[65,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24654,7644],{"class":163},[65,24656,151],{"class":79},[65,24658,14416],{"class":147},[65,24660,157],{"class":79},[20,24662,24663,24664,24667],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24665,24666],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[51,24669,4529,24671],{"id":24670},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24672,16641],{},[20,24674,1660,24675,10177],{},[15,24676,16641],{},[33,24678,24679,24682,24685],{},[36,24680,24681],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,24683,24684],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,24686,24687],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24689,267],{},[56,24691,24693],{"className":58,"code":24692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24694,24695,24748,24752,24767,24784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24696,24697,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24717,24719,24721,24723,24726,24728,24730,24733,24735,24737,24740,24742,24744,24746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24698,24699],{"class":71},"product ",[65,24701,76],{"class":75},[65,24703,80],{"class":79},[65,24705,488],{"class":487},[65,24707,7241],{"class":491},[65,24709,488],{"class":487},[65,24711,191],{"class":79},[65,24713,499],{"class":487},[65,24715,24716],{"class":491},"Book",[65,24718,488],{"class":487},[65,24720,87],{"class":79},[65,24722,499],{"class":487},[65,24724,24725],{"class":491},"price",[65,24727,488],{"class":487},[65,24729,191],{"class":79},[65,24731,24732],{"class":83}," 12.99",[65,24734,87],{"class":79},[65,24736,499],{"class":487},[65,24738,24739],{"class":491},"stock",[65,24741,488],{"class":487},[65,24743,191],{"class":79},[65,24745,121],{"class":83},[65,24747,98],{"class":79},[65,24749,24750],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24751,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24753,24754,24756,24758,24760,24763,24765],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24755,164],{"class":163},[65,24757,151],{"class":79},[65,24759,488],{"class":487},[65,24761,24762],{"class":491},"Available fields:",[65,24764,488],{"class":487},[65,24766,157],{"class":79},[65,24768,24769,24771,24773,24775,24778,24780,24782],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24770,5527],{"class":3444},[65,24772,17784],{"class":71},[65,24774,3451],{"class":3444},[65,24776,24777],{"class":71}," product",[65,24779,144],{"class":79},[65,24781,16499],{"class":147},[65,24783,21170],{"class":79},[65,24785,24786,24788,24790,24792],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,24787,7644],{"class":163},[65,24789,151],{"class":79},[65,24791,14416],{"class":147},[65,24793,157],{"class":79},[20,24795,24796],{},[43,24797,350],{},[56,24799,24801],{"className":58,"code":24800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24802,24803,24810,24814,24819],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24804,24805,24808],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24806,24807],{"class":71},"Available fields",[65,24809,5963],{"class":79},[65,24811,24812],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24813,24620],{"class":71},[65,24815,24816],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24817,24818],{"class":71},"price\n",[65,24820,24821],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24822,24823],{"class":71},"stock\n",[20,24825,24826],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[56,24828,24830],{"className":58,"code":24829,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24831,24832,24868,24872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24833,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24835,24699],{"class":71},[65,24837,76],{"class":75},[65,24839,80],{"class":79},[65,24841,488],{"class":487},[65,24843,7241],{"class":491},[65,24845,488],{"class":487},[65,24847,191],{"class":79},[65,24849,499],{"class":487},[65,24851,24716],{"class":491},[65,24853,488],{"class":487},[65,24855,87],{"class":79},[65,24857,499],{"class":487},[65,24859,24725],{"class":491},[65,24861,488],{"class":487},[65,24863,191],{"class":79},[65,24865,24732],{"class":83},[65,24867,98],{"class":79},[65,24869,24870],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24871,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,24873,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,24875,164],{"class":163},[65,24877,151],{"class":79},[65,24879,488],{"class":487},[65,24881,7241],{"class":491},[65,24883,488],{"class":487},[65,24885,20749],{"class":3444},[65,24887,24777],{"class":147},[65,24889,144],{"class":79},[65,24891,16499],{"class":147},[65,24893,6766],{"class":79},[20,24895,24896,24897,144],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24898,3172],{},[20,24900,24901],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[56,24903,24905],{"className":58,"code":24904,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24906,24907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24908,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24910,164],{"class":163},[65,24912,151],{"class":79},[65,24914,488],{"class":487},[65,24916,7241],{"class":491},[65,24918,488],{"class":487},[65,24920,20749],{"class":3444},[65,24922,24777],{"class":147},[65,24924,157],{"class":79},[20,24926,24927,24928,144],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[210,24929,20782],{"href":16728},[51,24931,24933],{"id":24932},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24935,24936,24937,144],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24938,16641],{},[1286,24940,8030,24942,24944],{"id":24941},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24943,16641],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24946,24947,24949],{},[15,24948,16641],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24951,267],{},[56,24953,24955],{"className":58,"code":24954,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24956,24957,24993],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24960,8744],{"class":71},[65,24962,76],{"class":75},[65,24964,80],{"class":79},[65,24966,488],{"class":487},[65,24968,7241],{"class":491},[65,24970,488],{"class":487},[65,24972,191],{"class":79},[65,24974,499],{"class":487},[65,24976,12456],{"class":491},[65,24978,488],{"class":487},[65,24980,87],{"class":79},[65,24982,499],{"class":487},[65,24984,8877],{"class":491},[65,24986,488],{"class":487},[65,24988,191],{"class":79},[65,24990,7364],{"class":83},[65,24992,98],{"class":79},[65,24994,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,24996,164],{"class":163},[65,24998,151],{"class":79},[65,25000,8783],{"class":147},[65,25002,144],{"class":79},[65,25004,16499],{"class":147},[65,25006,6766],{"class":79},[20,25008,25009],{},[43,25010,350],{},[56,25012,25014],{"className":58,"code":25013,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25015,25016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25019,16590],{"class":147},[65,25021,2552],{"class":79},[65,25023,594],{"class":487},[65,25025,7241],{"class":491},[65,25027,594],{"class":487},[65,25029,87],{"class":79},[65,25031,603],{"class":487},[65,25033,8877],{"class":491},[65,25035,594],{"class":487},[65,25037,3457],{"class":79},[20,25039,25040,25041,144],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[210,25042,25043],{"href":16650},[15,25044,16653],{},[1286,25046,25048,25049],{"id":25047},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25050,16590],{},[20,25052,25053],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[56,25055,25057],{"className":58,"code":25056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25058,25059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25060,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25062,3469],{"class":79},[65,25064,594],{"class":487},[65,25066,7241],{"class":491},[65,25068,594],{"class":487},[65,25070,87],{"class":79},[65,25072,603],{"class":487},[65,25074,8877],{"class":491},[65,25076,594],{"class":487},[65,25078,1352],{"class":79},[20,25080,25081,25082,25084],{},"But ",[15,25083,16641],{}," returns:",[56,25086,25087],{"className":58,"code":25013,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,25088,25089],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25090,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25092,16590],{"class":147},[65,25094,2552],{"class":79},[65,25096,594],{"class":487},[65,25098,7241],{"class":491},[65,25100,594],{"class":487},[65,25102,87],{"class":79},[65,25104,603],{"class":487},[65,25106,8877],{"class":491},[65,25108,594],{"class":487},[65,25110,3457],{"class":79},[20,25112,25113],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[56,25115,25117],{"className":58,"code":25116,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25118,25119,25155,25174,25178],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25120,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25122,8744],{"class":71},[65,25124,76],{"class":75},[65,25126,80],{"class":79},[65,25128,488],{"class":487},[65,25130,7241],{"class":491},[65,25132,488],{"class":487},[65,25134,191],{"class":79},[65,25136,499],{"class":487},[65,25138,12456],{"class":491},[65,25140,488],{"class":487},[65,25142,87],{"class":79},[65,25144,499],{"class":487},[65,25146,8877],{"class":491},[65,25148,488],{"class":487},[65,25150,191],{"class":79},[65,25152,7364],{"class":83},[65,25154,98],{"class":79},[65,25156,25157,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25158,25159],{"class":71},"key_list ",[65,25161,76],{"class":75},[65,25163,22134],{"class":1259},[65,25165,151],{"class":79},[65,25167,8783],{"class":147},[65,25169,144],{"class":79},[65,25171,16499],{"class":147},[65,25173,6766],{"class":79},[65,25175,25176],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25177,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,25179,25180,25182,25184,25187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25181,164],{"class":163},[65,25183,151],{"class":79},[65,25185,25186],{"class":147},"key_list",[65,25188,157],{"class":79},[1286,25190,25192,25193,25195],{"id":25191},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25194,16641],{}," on a list or string",[20,25197,25198,25200],{},[15,25199,16641],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25202,2403],{},[56,25204,25206],{"className":58,"code":25205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25207,25208,25228],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25209,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25211,3185],{"class":71},[65,25213,76],{"class":75},[65,25215,1339],{"class":79},[65,25217,84],{"class":83},[65,25219,87],{"class":79},[65,25221,90],{"class":83},[65,25223,87],{"class":79},[65,25225,95],{"class":83},[65,25227,1352],{"class":79},[65,25229,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25231,164],{"class":163},[65,25233,151],{"class":79},[65,25235,3215],{"class":147},[65,25237,144],{"class":79},[65,25239,16499],{"class":147},[65,25241,6766],{"class":79},[20,25243,25244,25245,25248,25249,25251,25252,144],{},"You may get an ",[15,25246,25247],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25250,16641],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[210,25253,25255,25256,25259],{"href":25254},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25257,25258],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1286,25261,25263],{"id":25262},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25265,25266],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[56,25268,25270],{"className":58,"code":25269,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25271,25272,25296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25273,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25275,8744],{"class":71},[65,25277,76],{"class":75},[65,25279,80],{"class":79},[65,25281,488],{"class":487},[65,25283,7241],{"class":491},[65,25285,488],{"class":487},[65,25287,191],{"class":79},[65,25289,499],{"class":487},[65,25291,12456],{"class":491},[65,25293,488],{"class":487},[65,25295,98],{"class":79},[65,25297,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25299,164],{"class":163},[65,25301,151],{"class":79},[65,25303,8783],{"class":147},[65,25305,144],{"class":79},[65,25307,16499],{"class":24325},[65,25309,157],{"class":79},[20,25311,25312],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25314,784],{},[56,25316,25318],{"className":58,"code":25317,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25319,25320],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25321,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25323,164],{"class":163},[65,25325,151],{"class":79},[65,25327,8783],{"class":147},[65,25329,144],{"class":79},[65,25331,16499],{"class":147},[65,25333,6766],{"class":79},[51,25335,2396],{"id":2395},[20,25337,25338,25339,191],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25340,16641],{},[33,25342,25343,25348,25354,25360],{},[36,25344,7994,25345,25347],{},[15,25346,16641],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,25349,25350,25351,25353],{},"Thinking ",[15,25352,16641],{}," returns values too",[36,25355,25356,25357,25359],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25358,16590],{}," like a normal list",[36,25361,25362,25363,25365],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25364,16590],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25367,25368],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[56,25370,25372],{"className":58,"code":25371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25373,25374,25406,25420,25424,25434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25375,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25377,8744],{"class":71},[65,25379,76],{"class":75},[65,25381,80],{"class":79},[65,25383,488],{"class":487},[65,25385,210],{"class":491},[65,25387,488],{"class":487},[65,25389,191],{"class":79},[65,25391,5066],{"class":83},[65,25393,87],{"class":79},[65,25395,499],{"class":487},[65,25397,154],{"class":491},[65,25399,488],{"class":487},[65,25401,191],{"class":79},[65,25403,90],{"class":83},[65,25405,98],{"class":79},[65,25407,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25409,16817],{"class":71},[65,25411,76],{"class":75},[65,25413,14141],{"class":71},[65,25415,144],{"class":79},[65,25417,16499],{"class":147},[65,25419,8220],{"class":79},[65,25421,25422],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25423,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,25425,25426,25428,25430,25432],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25427,164],{"class":163},[65,25429,151],{"class":79},[65,25431,16499],{"class":147},[65,25433,157],{"class":79},[65,25435,25436],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,25437,25438],{"class":175},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25440,25441],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[56,25443,25445],{"className":58,"code":25444,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25446,25447,25479,25497,25501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25448,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25450,8744],{"class":71},[65,25452,76],{"class":75},[65,25454,80],{"class":79},[65,25456,488],{"class":487},[65,25458,210],{"class":491},[65,25460,488],{"class":487},[65,25462,191],{"class":79},[65,25464,5066],{"class":83},[65,25466,87],{"class":79},[65,25468,499],{"class":487},[65,25470,154],{"class":491},[65,25472,488],{"class":487},[65,25474,191],{"class":79},[65,25476,90],{"class":83},[65,25478,98],{"class":79},[65,25480,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25482,16817],{"class":71},[65,25484,76],{"class":75},[65,25486,22134],{"class":1259},[65,25488,151],{"class":79},[65,25490,8783],{"class":147},[65,25492,144],{"class":79},[65,25494,16499],{"class":147},[65,25496,6766],{"class":79},[65,25498,25499],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25500,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,25502,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25504,164],{"class":163},[65,25506,151],{"class":79},[65,25508,16499],{"class":147},[65,25510,3469],{"class":79},[65,25512,1688],{"class":83},[65,25514,3457],{"class":79},[51,25516,25518],{"id":25517},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25520,10688],{},[56,25522,25524],{"className":58,"code":25523,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25525,25526,25540,25550,25564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25527,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25529,164],{"class":163},[65,25531,151],{"class":79},[65,25533,1260],{"class":1259},[65,25535,151],{"class":79},[65,25537,11025],{"class":147},[65,25539,1028],{"class":79},[65,25541,25542,25544,25546,25548],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25543,164],{"class":163},[65,25545,151],{"class":79},[65,25547,11025],{"class":147},[65,25549,157],{"class":79},[65,25551,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25553,164],{"class":163},[65,25555,151],{"class":79},[65,25557,11025],{"class":147},[65,25559,144],{"class":79},[65,25561,16499],{"class":147},[65,25563,6766],{"class":79},[65,25565,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25567,164],{"class":163},[65,25569,151],{"class":79},[65,25571,7669],{"class":1259},[65,25573,151],{"class":79},[65,25575,11025],{"class":147},[65,25577,144],{"class":79},[65,25579,16499],{"class":147},[65,25581,5859],{"class":79},[20,25583,25584],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,25586,25587,25590,25593,25598],{},[36,25588,25589],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,25591,25592],{},"what data it contains",[36,25594,25595,25596,11280],{},"what ",[15,25597,16641],{},[36,25599,25600],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[51,25602,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,25604,23493,25606,4714],{"id":25605},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25607,16641],{},[20,25609,16997,25610,25612],{},[15,25611,16590],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1286,25614,14478,25616,25619],{"id":25615},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25617,25618],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25621,25622,25623,25625,25626,144],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25624,16590],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25627,25628],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1286,25630,25632,25633,1304],{"id":25631},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25634,25618],{},[20,25636,25637,25638,25640],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25639,5527],{}," loop.",[1286,25642,25644,25645,25647],{"id":25643},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25646,16641],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25649,25650,25651,25653],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25652,16641],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1286,25655,25657],{"id":25656},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25659,1660,25660,144],{},[15,25661,25662],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[51,25664,1455],{"id":1454},[33,25666,25667,25672,25678,25684,25690,25694],{},[36,25668,25669],{},[210,25670,25671],{"href":8968},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,25673,25674],{},[210,25675,10313,25676,1474],{"href":16644},[15,25677,16647],{},[36,25679,25680],{},[210,25681,10313,25682,1474],{"href":16650},[15,25683,16653],{},[36,25685,25686],{},[210,25687,25689],{"href":25688},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,25691,25692],{},[210,25693,16729],{"href":16728},[36,25695,25696],{},[210,25697,25698,25699,25259],{"href":25254},"How to fix ",[15,25700,25258],{},[1499,25702,25703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":25705},[25706,25707,25709,25710,25711,25712,25713,25715,25724,25725,25726,25737],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":23824,"depth":101,"text":25708},"What keys() does",{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":24514,"depth":101,"text":24515},{"id":24670,"depth":101,"text":25714},"When to use keys()",{"id":24932,"depth":101,"text":24933,"children":25716},[25717,25719,25721,25723],{"id":24941,"depth":126,"text":25718},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25047,"depth":126,"text":25720},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25191,"depth":126,"text":25722},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25262,"depth":126,"text":25263},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":25517,"depth":101,"text":25518},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":25727},[25728,25730,25732,25734,25736],{"id":25605,"depth":126,"text":25729},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25615,"depth":126,"text":25731},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25631,"depth":126,"text":25733},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25643,"depth":126,"text":25735},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25656,"depth":126,"text":25657},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23646,"description":25738},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25744,"title":25745,"body":25746,"description":28017,"extension":1528,"meta":28018,"navigation":129,"path":28019,"seo":28020,"stem":28021,"__hash__":28022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25747,"toc":27970},[25748,25753,25758,25761,25763,25909,25922,25927,25931,25945,25947,26050,26059,26061,26064,26102,26127,26129,26236,26238,26245,26248,26256,26258,26399,26407,26412,26416,26427,26429,26591,26594,26602,26609,26615,26712,26718,26795,26797,26809,26814,26820,26823,26827,26916,26919,26923,27027,27034,27121,27130,27132,27137,27143,27146,27192,27195,27261,27270,27276,27369,27375,27381,27424,27427,27492,27498,27590,27593,27597,27603,27628,27631,27727,27734,27736,27741,27832,27834,27862,27867,27869,27876,27879,27883,27893,27898,27901,27907,27917,27924,27932,27934,27967],[10,25749,10894,25751,18],{"id":25750},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25752,12338],{},[20,25754,25755,25757],{},[15,25756,12145],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25759,25760],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[51,25762,54],{"id":53},[56,25764,25766],{"className":58,"code":25765,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25767,25768,25804,25828,25842,25855,25859,25864,25896],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25769,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25771,12779],{"class":71},[65,25773,76],{"class":75},[65,25775,80],{"class":79},[65,25777,488],{"class":487},[65,25779,7241],{"class":491},[65,25781,488],{"class":487},[65,25783,191],{"class":79},[65,25785,499],{"class":487},[65,25787,12456],{"class":491},[65,25789,488],{"class":487},[65,25791,87],{"class":79},[65,25793,499],{"class":487},[65,25795,8877],{"class":491},[65,25797,488],{"class":487},[65,25799,191],{"class":79},[65,25801,8884],{"class":83},[65,25803,98],{"class":79},[65,25805,25806,25809,25811,25813,25815,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25807,25808],{"class":71},"removed_age ",[65,25810,76],{"class":75},[65,25812,12822],{"class":71},[65,25814,144],{"class":79},[65,25816,25817],{"class":147},"pop",[65,25819,151],{"class":79},[65,25821,488],{"class":487},[65,25823,8877],{"class":491},[65,25825,488],{"class":487},[65,25827,157],{"class":79},[65,25829,25830,25832,25834,25837,25839],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25831,164],{"class":163},[65,25833,151],{"class":79},[65,25835,25836],{"class":147},"removed_age",[65,25838,172],{"class":79},[65,25840,25841],{"class":175},"   # 25\n",[65,25843,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25845,164],{"class":163},[65,25847,151],{"class":79},[65,25849,16882],{"class":147},[65,25851,172],{"class":79},[65,25853,25854],{"class":175},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[65,25856,25857],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,25858,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,25860,25861],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,25862,25863],{"class":175},"# Safe version with default value\n",[65,25865,25866,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25892,25894],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,25867,25868],{"class":71},"country ",[65,25870,76],{"class":75},[65,25872,12822],{"class":71},[65,25874,144],{"class":79},[65,25876,25817],{"class":147},[65,25878,151],{"class":79},[65,25880,488],{"class":487},[65,25882,14837],{"class":491},[65,25884,488],{"class":487},[65,25886,87],{"class":79},[65,25888,499],{"class":487},[65,25890,25891],{"class":491},"Not found",[65,25893,488],{"class":487},[65,25895,157],{"class":79},[65,25897,25898,25900,25902,25904,25906],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,25899,164],{"class":163},[65,25901,151],{"class":79},[65,25903,14837],{"class":147},[65,25905,172],{"class":79},[65,25907,25908],{"class":175},"       # Not found\n",[20,25910,1660,25911,25914,25915,25918,25919,25921],{},[15,25912,25913],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25916,25917],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25920,19262],{}," when the key might not exist.",[51,25923,183,25925,186],{"id":25924},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25926,12145],{},[20,25928,25929,191],{},[15,25930,12145],{},[33,25932,25933,25936,25939,25942],{},[36,25934,25935],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,25937,25938],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,25940,25941],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,25943,25944],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25946,267],{},[56,25948,25950],{"className":58,"code":25949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25951,25952,25992,25996,26019,26023,26037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25953,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25955,11062],{"class":71},[65,25957,76],{"class":75},[65,25959,80],{"class":79},[65,25961,488],{"class":487},[65,25963,7241],{"class":491},[65,25965,488],{"class":487},[65,25967,191],{"class":79},[65,25969,499],{"class":487},[65,25971,12796],{"class":491},[65,25973,488],{"class":487},[65,25975,87],{"class":79},[65,25977,499],{"class":487},[65,25979,9986],{"class":491},[65,25981,488],{"class":487},[65,25983,191],{"class":79},[65,25985,499],{"class":487},[65,25987,9993],{"class":491},[65,25989,488],{"class":487},[65,25991,98],{"class":79},[65,25993,25994],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,25995,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,25997,25998,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,25999,26000],{"class":71},"removed_city ",[65,26002,76],{"class":75},[65,26004,11145],{"class":71},[65,26006,144],{"class":79},[65,26008,25817],{"class":147},[65,26010,151],{"class":79},[65,26012,488],{"class":487},[65,26014,9986],{"class":491},[65,26016,488],{"class":487},[65,26018,157],{"class":79},[65,26020,26021],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26022,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26024,26025,26027,26029,26032,26034],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26026,164],{"class":163},[65,26028,151],{"class":79},[65,26030,26031],{"class":147},"removed_city",[65,26033,172],{"class":79},[65,26035,26036],{"class":175},"  # Paris\n",[65,26038,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,26040,164],{"class":163},[65,26042,151],{"class":79},[65,26044,11156],{"class":147},[65,26046,172],{"class":79},[65,26048,26049],{"class":175},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26051,20346,26052,26055,26056,144],{},[15,26053,26054],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26057,26058],{},"\"Paris\"",[51,26060,222],{"id":221},[20,26062,26063],{},"There are two common forms:",[56,26065,26067],{"className":58,"code":26066,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26068,26069,26083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26072,11025],{"class":71},[65,26074,144],{"class":79},[65,26076,25817],{"class":147},[65,26078,151],{"class":79},[65,26080,14416],{"class":147},[65,26082,157],{"class":79},[65,26084,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26100],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26086,11025],{"class":71},[65,26088,144],{"class":79},[65,26090,25817],{"class":147},[65,26092,151],{"class":79},[65,26094,14416],{"class":147},[65,26096,87],{"class":79},[65,26098,26099],{"class":147}," default",[65,26101,157],{"class":79},[33,26103,26104,26110,26118,26124],{},[36,26105,26106,26109],{},[15,26107,26108],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,26111,26112,26114,26115,26117],{},[15,26113,26108],{}," raises ",[15,26116,19262],{}," if the key is missing",[36,26119,26120,26123],{},[15,26121,26122],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,26125,26126],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26128,267],{},[56,26130,26132],{"className":58,"code":26131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26133,26134,26166,26170,26195,26223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26135,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26137,4632],{"class":71},[65,26139,76],{"class":75},[65,26141,80],{"class":79},[65,26143,488],{"class":487},[65,26145,17992],{"class":491},[65,26147,488],{"class":487},[65,26149,191],{"class":79},[65,26151,19473],{"class":83},[65,26153,87],{"class":79},[65,26155,499],{"class":487},[65,26157,18001],{"class":491},[65,26159,488],{"class":487},[65,26161,191],{"class":79},[65,26163,13081],{"class":83},[65,26165,98],{"class":79},[65,26167,26168],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26169,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26171,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26173,164],{"class":163},[65,26175,151],{"class":79},[65,26177,15964],{"class":147},[65,26179,144],{"class":79},[65,26181,25817],{"class":147},[65,26183,151],{"class":79},[65,26185,488],{"class":487},[65,26187,17992],{"class":491},[65,26189,488],{"class":487},[65,26191,758],{"class":79},[65,26193,26194],{"class":175},"         # 90\n",[65,26196,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26198,164],{"class":163},[65,26200,151],{"class":79},[65,26202,15964],{"class":147},[65,26204,144],{"class":79},[65,26206,25817],{"class":147},[65,26208,151],{"class":79},[65,26210,488],{"class":487},[65,26212,18010],{"class":491},[65,26214,488],{"class":487},[65,26216,87],{"class":79},[65,26218,3400],{"class":83},[65,26220,758],{"class":79},[65,26222,20343],{"class":175},[65,26224,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26226,164],{"class":163},[65,26228,151],{"class":79},[65,26230,15964],{"class":147},[65,26232,172],{"class":79},[65,26234,26235],{"class":175},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[51,26237,16994],{"id":16993},[20,26239,26240,13628,26242,26244],{},[15,26241,12338],{},[43,26243,45],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26246,26247],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,26249,26250,26253],{},[36,26251,26252],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,26254,26255],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26257,267],{},[56,26259,26261],{"className":58,"code":26260,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26262,26263,26295,26299,26322,26354,26358,26372,26386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26264,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26266,8744],{"class":71},[65,26268,76],{"class":75},[65,26270,80],{"class":79},[65,26272,488],{"class":487},[65,26274,210],{"class":491},[65,26276,488],{"class":487},[65,26278,191],{"class":79},[65,26280,5574],{"class":83},[65,26282,87],{"class":79},[65,26284,499],{"class":487},[65,26286,154],{"class":491},[65,26288,488],{"class":487},[65,26290,191],{"class":79},[65,26292,7364],{"class":83},[65,26294,98],{"class":79},[65,26296,26297],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26298,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26300,26301,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26302,26303],{"class":71},"result1 ",[65,26305,76],{"class":75},[65,26307,14141],{"class":71},[65,26309,144],{"class":79},[65,26311,25817],{"class":147},[65,26313,151],{"class":79},[65,26315,488],{"class":487},[65,26317,210],{"class":491},[65,26319,488],{"class":487},[65,26321,157],{"class":79},[65,26323,26324,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26350,26352],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26325,26326],{"class":71},"result2 ",[65,26328,76],{"class":75},[65,26330,14141],{"class":71},[65,26332,144],{"class":79},[65,26334,25817],{"class":147},[65,26336,151],{"class":79},[65,26338,488],{"class":487},[65,26340,9317],{"class":491},[65,26342,488],{"class":487},[65,26344,87],{"class":79},[65,26346,499],{"class":487},[65,26348,26349],{"class":491},"missing",[65,26351,488],{"class":487},[65,26353,157],{"class":79},[65,26355,26356],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26357,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26359,26360,26362,26364,26367,26369],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,26361,164],{"class":163},[65,26363,151],{"class":79},[65,26365,26366],{"class":147},"result1",[65,26368,172],{"class":79},[65,26370,26371],{"class":175},"  # 10\n",[65,26373,26374,26376,26378,26381,26383],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,26375,164],{"class":163},[65,26377,151],{"class":79},[65,26379,26380],{"class":147},"result2",[65,26382,172],{"class":79},[65,26384,26385],{"class":175},"  # missing\n",[65,26387,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,26389,164],{"class":163},[65,26391,151],{"class":79},[65,26393,8783],{"class":147},[65,26395,172],{"class":79},[65,26397,26398],{"class":175},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26400,26401,26402,6202],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[210,26403,26404],{"href":10312},[15,26405,26406],{},"dict.get()",[51,26408,4529,26410],{"id":26409},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26411,12338],{},[20,26413,1660,26414,10177],{},[15,26415,12338],{},[33,26417,26418,26421,26424],{},[36,26419,26420],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,26422,26423],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,26425,26426],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26428,267],{},[56,26430,26432],{"className":58,"code":26431,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26433,26434,26486,26490,26517,26521,26545,26549,26563,26577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26435,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26470,26472,26474,26477,26479,26481,26484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26437,24699],{"class":71},[65,26439,76],{"class":75},[65,26441,80],{"class":79},[65,26443,488],{"class":487},[65,26445,7241],{"class":491},[65,26447,488],{"class":487},[65,26449,191],{"class":79},[65,26451,499],{"class":487},[65,26453,26454],{"class":491},"Laptop",[65,26456,488],{"class":487},[65,26458,87],{"class":79},[65,26460,499],{"class":487},[65,26462,24725],{"class":491},[65,26464,488],{"class":487},[65,26466,191],{"class":79},[65,26468,26469],{"class":83}," 1200",[65,26471,87],{"class":79},[65,26473,499],{"class":487},[65,26475,26476],{"class":491},"discount",[65,26478,488],{"class":487},[65,26480,191],{"class":79},[65,26482,26483],{"class":83}," 200",[65,26485,98],{"class":79},[65,26487,26488],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26489,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26491,26492,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26493,26494],{"class":71},"discount_amount ",[65,26496,76],{"class":75},[65,26498,24777],{"class":71},[65,26500,144],{"class":79},[65,26502,25817],{"class":147},[65,26504,151],{"class":79},[65,26506,488],{"class":487},[65,26508,26476],{"class":491},[65,26510,488],{"class":487},[65,26512,87],{"class":79},[65,26514,3400],{"class":83},[65,26516,157],{"class":79},[65,26518,26519],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26520,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26522,26523,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26524,26525],{"class":71},"final_price ",[65,26527,76],{"class":75},[65,26529,24777],{"class":71},[65,26531,3469],{"class":79},[65,26533,488],{"class":487},[65,26535,24725],{"class":491},[65,26537,488],{"class":487},[65,26539,12848],{"class":79},[65,26541,1790],{"class":75},[65,26543,26544],{"class":71}," discount_amount\n",[65,26546,26547],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,26548,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26550,26551,26553,26555,26558,26560],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,26552,164],{"class":163},[65,26554,151],{"class":79},[65,26556,26557],{"class":147},"discount_amount",[65,26559,172],{"class":79},[65,26561,26562],{"class":175},"  # 200\n",[65,26564,26565,26567,26569,26572,26574],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,26566,164],{"class":163},[65,26568,151],{"class":79},[65,26570,26571],{"class":147},"final_price",[65,26573,172],{"class":79},[65,26575,26576],{"class":175},"      # 1000\n",[65,26578,26579,26581,26583,26586,26588],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,26580,164],{"class":163},[65,26582,151],{"class":79},[65,26584,26585],{"class":147},"product",[65,26587,172],{"class":79},[65,26589,26590],{"class":175},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26592,26593],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[51,26595,26597,657,26599],{"id":26596},"pop-vs-del",[15,26598,12338],{},[15,26600,26601],{},"del",[20,26603,10166,26604,634,26606,26608],{},[15,26605,12338],{},[15,26607,26601],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1286,26610,1660,26612,26614],{"id":26611},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26613,12338],{}," when you need the removed value",[56,26616,26618],{"className":58,"code":26617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26619,26620,26656,26660,26682,26686,26699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26621,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26623,12779],{"class":71},[65,26625,76],{"class":75},[65,26627,80],{"class":79},[65,26629,488],{"class":487},[65,26631,7241],{"class":491},[65,26633,488],{"class":487},[65,26635,191],{"class":79},[65,26637,499],{"class":487},[65,26639,12456],{"class":491},[65,26641,488],{"class":487},[65,26643,87],{"class":79},[65,26645,499],{"class":487},[65,26647,8877],{"class":491},[65,26649,488],{"class":487},[65,26651,191],{"class":79},[65,26653,8884],{"class":83},[65,26655,98],{"class":79},[65,26657,26658],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26659,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26661,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26663,21203],{"class":71},[65,26665,76],{"class":75},[65,26667,12822],{"class":71},[65,26669,144],{"class":79},[65,26671,25817],{"class":147},[65,26673,151],{"class":79},[65,26675,488],{"class":487},[65,26677,8877],{"class":491},[65,26679,488],{"class":487},[65,26681,157],{"class":79},[65,26683,26684],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26685,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26687,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26689,164],{"class":163},[65,26691,151],{"class":79},[65,26693,8877],{"class":147},[65,26695,172],{"class":79},[65,26697,26698],{"class":175},"     # 25\n",[65,26700,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,26702,164],{"class":163},[65,26704,151],{"class":79},[65,26706,16882],{"class":147},[65,26708,172],{"class":79},[65,26710,26711],{"class":175},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1286,26713,1660,26715,26717],{"id":26714},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26716,26601],{}," when you only want deletion",[56,26719,26721],{"className":58,"code":26720,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26722,26723,26759,26763,26779,26783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26724,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26726,12779],{"class":71},[65,26728,76],{"class":75},[65,26730,80],{"class":79},[65,26732,488],{"class":487},[65,26734,7241],{"class":491},[65,26736,488],{"class":487},[65,26738,191],{"class":79},[65,26740,499],{"class":487},[65,26742,12456],{"class":491},[65,26744,488],{"class":487},[65,26746,87],{"class":79},[65,26748,499],{"class":487},[65,26750,8877],{"class":491},[65,26752,488],{"class":487},[65,26754,191],{"class":79},[65,26756,8884],{"class":83},[65,26758,98],{"class":79},[65,26760,26761],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26762,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26764,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26766,26601],{"class":3444},[65,26768,12822],{"class":71},[65,26770,3469],{"class":79},[65,26772,488],{"class":487},[65,26774,8877],{"class":491},[65,26776,488],{"class":487},[65,26778,1352],{"class":79},[65,26780,26781],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26782,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26784,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26786,164],{"class":163},[65,26788,151],{"class":79},[65,26790,16882],{"class":147},[65,26792,172],{"class":79},[65,26794,26711],{"class":175},[20,26796,913],{},[33,26798,26799,26804],{},[36,26800,26801,26803],{},[15,26802,12338],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,26805,26806,26808],{},[15,26807,26601],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26810,26811,26812,144],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[210,26813,12150],{"href":12149},[51,26815,26817,26818],{"id":26816},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26819,19262],{},[20,26821,26822],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1286,26824,26826],{"id":26825},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[56,26828,26830],{"className":58,"code":26829,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26831,26832,26857,26861,26887,26891,26903],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26833,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26853,26855],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26835,11299],{"class":71},[65,26837,76],{"class":75},[65,26839,80],{"class":79},[65,26841,488],{"class":487},[65,26843,7241],{"class":491},[65,26845,488],{"class":487},[65,26847,191],{"class":79},[65,26849,499],{"class":487},[65,26851,26852],{"class":491},"Sara",[65,26854,488],{"class":487},[65,26856,98],{"class":79},[65,26858,26859],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26860,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26862,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26864,2015],{"class":71},[65,26866,76],{"class":75},[65,26868,11341],{"class":71},[65,26870,144],{"class":79},[65,26872,25817],{"class":147},[65,26874,151],{"class":79},[65,26876,488],{"class":487},[65,26878,8877],{"class":491},[65,26880,488],{"class":487},[65,26882,87],{"class":79},[65,26884,3420],{"class":3419},[65,26886,157],{"class":79},[65,26888,26889],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26890,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26892,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26894,164],{"class":163},[65,26896,151],{"class":79},[65,26898,2040],{"class":147},[65,26900,172],{"class":79},[65,26902,20136],{"class":175},[65,26904,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,26906,164],{"class":163},[65,26908,151],{"class":79},[65,26910,11025],{"class":147},[65,26912,172],{"class":79},[65,26914,26915],{"class":175}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26917,26918],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1286,26920,26922],{"id":26921},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[56,26924,26926],{"className":58,"code":26925,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26927,26928,26952,26956,26972,26995,27005,27012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26929,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26931,11299],{"class":71},[65,26933,76],{"class":75},[65,26935,80],{"class":79},[65,26937,488],{"class":487},[65,26939,7241],{"class":491},[65,26941,488],{"class":487},[65,26943,191],{"class":79},[65,26945,499],{"class":487},[65,26947,26852],{"class":491},[65,26949,488],{"class":487},[65,26951,98],{"class":79},[65,26953,26954],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,26955,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,26957,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,26959,6569],{"class":3444},[65,26961,499],{"class":487},[65,26963,8877],{"class":491},[65,26965,488],{"class":487},[65,26967,20749],{"class":75},[65,26969,11341],{"class":71},[65,26971,5963],{"class":79},[65,26973,26974,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26975,26976],{"class":71},"    value ",[65,26978,76],{"class":75},[65,26980,11341],{"class":71},[65,26982,144],{"class":79},[65,26984,25817],{"class":147},[65,26986,151],{"class":79},[65,26988,488],{"class":487},[65,26990,8877],{"class":491},[65,26992,488],{"class":487},[65,26994,157],{"class":79},[65,26996,26997,26999,27001,27003],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,26998,7644],{"class":163},[65,27000,151],{"class":79},[65,27002,2040],{"class":147},[65,27004,157],{"class":79},[65,27006,27007,27010],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,27008,27009],{"class":3444},"else",[65,27011,5963],{"class":79},[65,27013,27014,27016,27018,27020,27023,27025],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,27015,7644],{"class":163},[65,27017,151],{"class":79},[65,27019,488],{"class":487},[65,27021,27022],{"class":491},"Key not found",[65,27024,488],{"class":487},[65,27026,157],{"class":79},[1286,27028,27030,27031,27033],{"id":27029},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27032,10316],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[56,27035,27037],{"className":58,"code":27036,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27038,27039,27063,27067,27093,27097,27109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27040,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27042,11299],{"class":71},[65,27044,76],{"class":75},[65,27046,80],{"class":79},[65,27048,488],{"class":487},[65,27050,7241],{"class":491},[65,27052,488],{"class":487},[65,27054,191],{"class":79},[65,27056,499],{"class":487},[65,27058,26852],{"class":491},[65,27060,488],{"class":487},[65,27062,98],{"class":79},[65,27064,27065],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27066,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27068,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27070,2015],{"class":71},[65,27072,76],{"class":75},[65,27074,11341],{"class":71},[65,27076,144],{"class":79},[65,27078,19325],{"class":147},[65,27080,151],{"class":79},[65,27082,488],{"class":487},[65,27084,8877],{"class":491},[65,27086,488],{"class":487},[65,27088,87],{"class":79},[65,27090,3420],{"class":3419},[65,27092,157],{"class":79},[65,27094,27095],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27096,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27098,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,27100,164],{"class":163},[65,27102,151],{"class":79},[65,27104,2040],{"class":147},[65,27106,172],{"class":79},[65,27108,20136],{"class":175},[65,27110,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,27112,164],{"class":163},[65,27114,151],{"class":79},[65,27116,11025],{"class":147},[65,27118,172],{"class":79},[65,27120,26915],{"class":175},[20,27122,1660,27123,27127,27128,144],{},[210,27124,27125],{"href":10312},[15,27126,26406],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[210,27129,10838],{"href":10650},[51,27131,1109],{"id":1108},[20,27133,27134,27135,144],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27136,12145],{},[1286,27138,25350,27140,27142],{"id":27139},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27141,12338],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27144,27145],{},"Lists use indexes:",[56,27147,27149],{"className":58,"code":27148,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27150,27151,27171],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27152,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27154,3185],{"class":71},[65,27156,76],{"class":75},[65,27158,1339],{"class":79},[65,27160,1898],{"class":83},[65,27162,87],{"class":79},[65,27164,7364],{"class":83},[65,27166,87],{"class":79},[65,27168,7369],{"class":83},[65,27170,1352],{"class":79},[65,27172,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27174,164],{"class":163},[65,27176,151],{"class":79},[65,27178,3215],{"class":147},[65,27180,144],{"class":79},[65,27182,25817],{"class":147},[65,27184,151],{"class":79},[65,27186,84],{"class":83},[65,27188,758],{"class":79},[65,27190,27191],{"class":175},"  # 20\n",[20,27193,27194],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[56,27196,27198],{"className":58,"code":27197,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27199,27200,27236],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27201,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27203,12779],{"class":71},[65,27205,76],{"class":75},[65,27207,80],{"class":79},[65,27209,488],{"class":487},[65,27211,7241],{"class":491},[65,27213,488],{"class":487},[65,27215,191],{"class":79},[65,27217,499],{"class":487},[65,27219,12456],{"class":491},[65,27221,488],{"class":487},[65,27223,87],{"class":79},[65,27225,499],{"class":487},[65,27227,8877],{"class":491},[65,27229,488],{"class":487},[65,27231,191],{"class":79},[65,27233,8884],{"class":83},[65,27235,98],{"class":79},[65,27237,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27239,164],{"class":163},[65,27241,151],{"class":79},[65,27243,16882],{"class":147},[65,27245,144],{"class":79},[65,27247,25817],{"class":147},[65,27249,151],{"class":79},[65,27251,488],{"class":487},[65,27253,8877],{"class":491},[65,27255,488],{"class":487},[65,27257,758],{"class":79},[65,27259,27260],{"class":175},"  # 25\n",[20,27262,27263,27264,27266,27267,27269],{},"A dictionary does ",[43,27265,45],{}," use positions with ",[15,27268,12338],{},". It uses keys.",[1286,27271,4272,27273,27275],{"id":27272},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27274,12338],{}," changes the original dictionary",[56,27277,27279],{"className":58,"code":27278,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27280,27281,27313,27317,27339,27343,27356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27282,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27284,8744],{"class":71},[65,27286,76],{"class":75},[65,27288,80],{"class":79},[65,27290,488],{"class":487},[65,27292,1742],{"class":491},[65,27294,488],{"class":487},[65,27296,191],{"class":79},[65,27298,5066],{"class":83},[65,27300,87],{"class":79},[65,27302,499],{"class":487},[65,27304,11320],{"class":491},[65,27306,488],{"class":487},[65,27308,191],{"class":79},[65,27310,90],{"class":83},[65,27312,98],{"class":79},[65,27314,27315],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27316,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27318,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27320,2015],{"class":71},[65,27322,76],{"class":75},[65,27324,14141],{"class":71},[65,27326,144],{"class":79},[65,27328,25817],{"class":147},[65,27330,151],{"class":79},[65,27332,488],{"class":487},[65,27334,1742],{"class":491},[65,27336,488],{"class":487},[65,27338,157],{"class":79},[65,27340,27341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27342,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27344,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,27346,164],{"class":163},[65,27348,151],{"class":79},[65,27350,2040],{"class":147},[65,27352,172],{"class":79},[65,27354,27355],{"class":175},"  # 1\n",[65,27357,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,27359,164],{"class":163},[65,27361,151],{"class":79},[65,27363,8783],{"class":147},[65,27365,172],{"class":79},[65,27367,27368],{"class":175},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27370,27371,27372,27374],{},"After ",[15,27373,12338],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1286,27376,7994,27378,27380],{"id":27377},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27379,12338],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[56,27382,27384],{"className":58,"code":27383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27385,27386,27410,27414,27419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27387,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27389,8744],{"class":71},[65,27391,76],{"class":75},[65,27393,80],{"class":79},[65,27395,488],{"class":487},[65,27397,7241],{"class":491},[65,27399,488],{"class":487},[65,27401,191],{"class":79},[65,27403,499],{"class":487},[65,27405,7496],{"class":491},[65,27407,488],{"class":487},[65,27409,98],{"class":79},[65,27411,27412],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27413,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27415,27416],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27417,27418],{"class":175},"# This causes an error\n",[65,27420,27421],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27422,27423],{"class":175},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27425,27426],{},"Safer version:",[56,27428,27430],{"className":58,"code":27429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27431,27432,27456,27460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27433,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27435,8744],{"class":71},[65,27437,76],{"class":75},[65,27439,80],{"class":79},[65,27441,488],{"class":487},[65,27443,7241],{"class":491},[65,27445,488],{"class":487},[65,27447,191],{"class":79},[65,27449,499],{"class":487},[65,27451,7496],{"class":491},[65,27453,488],{"class":487},[65,27455,98],{"class":79},[65,27457,27458],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27459,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27461,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27463,164],{"class":163},[65,27465,151],{"class":79},[65,27467,8783],{"class":147},[65,27469,144],{"class":79},[65,27471,25817],{"class":147},[65,27473,151],{"class":79},[65,27475,488],{"class":487},[65,27477,8877],{"class":491},[65,27479,488],{"class":487},[65,27481,87],{"class":79},[65,27483,499],{"class":487},[65,27485,26349],{"class":491},[65,27487,488],{"class":487},[65,27489,758],{"class":79},[65,27491,26385],{"class":175},[1286,27493,8030,27495,27497],{"id":27494},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27496,12338],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[56,27499,27501],{"className":58,"code":27500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27502,27503,27535,27539,27561,27565,27577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27504,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27506,8744],{"class":71},[65,27508,76],{"class":75},[65,27510,80],{"class":79},[65,27512,488],{"class":487},[65,27514,210],{"class":491},[65,27516,488],{"class":487},[65,27518,191],{"class":79},[65,27520,5066],{"class":83},[65,27522,87],{"class":79},[65,27524,499],{"class":487},[65,27526,154],{"class":491},[65,27528,488],{"class":487},[65,27530,191],{"class":79},[65,27532,90],{"class":83},[65,27534,98],{"class":79},[65,27536,27537],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27538,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27540,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27542,136],{"class":71},[65,27544,76],{"class":75},[65,27546,14141],{"class":71},[65,27548,144],{"class":79},[65,27550,25817],{"class":147},[65,27552,151],{"class":79},[65,27554,488],{"class":487},[65,27556,210],{"class":491},[65,27558,488],{"class":487},[65,27560,157],{"class":79},[65,27562,27563],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27564,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27566,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,27568,164],{"class":163},[65,27570,151],{"class":79},[65,27572,169],{"class":147},[65,27574,172],{"class":79},[65,27576,27355],{"class":175},[65,27578,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,27580,164],{"class":163},[65,27582,151],{"class":79},[65,27584,8783],{"class":147},[65,27586,172],{"class":79},[65,27588,27589],{"class":175},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27591,27592],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[51,27594,27596],{"id":27595},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27598,27599,27600,27602],{},"Problems with ",[15,27601,12145],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,27604,27605,27608,27617,27620],{},[36,27606,27607],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,27609,27610,27611,27614,27615],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27612,27613],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27616,25913],{},[36,27618,27619],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,27621,27622,27623,10667,27625],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27624,84],{},[15,27626,27627],{},"\"1\"",[20,27629,27630],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[56,27632,27634],{"className":58,"code":27633,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27635,27636,27660,27664,27694],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27637,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27639,8744],{"class":71},[65,27641,76],{"class":75},[65,27643,80],{"class":79},[65,27645,488],{"class":487},[65,27647,84],{"class":491},[65,27649,488],{"class":487},[65,27651,191],{"class":79},[65,27653,499],{"class":487},[65,27655,6156],{"class":491},[65,27657,488],{"class":487},[65,27659,98],{"class":79},[65,27661,27662],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27663,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,27665,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27687,27689,27691],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27667,164],{"class":163},[65,27669,151],{"class":79},[65,27671,8783],{"class":147},[65,27673,144],{"class":79},[65,27675,25817],{"class":147},[65,27677,151],{"class":79},[65,27679,84],{"class":83},[65,27681,87],{"class":79},[65,27683,499],{"class":487},[65,27685,27686],{"class":491},"not found",[65,27688,488],{"class":487},[65,27690,758],{"class":79},[65,27692,27693],{"class":175},"    # not found\n",[65,27695,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27697,164],{"class":163},[65,27699,151],{"class":79},[65,27701,8783],{"class":147},[65,27703,144],{"class":79},[65,27705,25817],{"class":147},[65,27707,151],{"class":79},[65,27709,488],{"class":487},[65,27711,84],{"class":491},[65,27713,488],{"class":487},[65,27715,87],{"class":79},[65,27717,499],{"class":487},[65,27719,27686],{"class":491},[65,27721,488],{"class":487},[65,27723,758],{"class":79},[65,27725,27726],{"class":175},"  # one\n",[20,27728,27729,634,27731,27733],{},[15,27730,84],{},[15,27732,27627],{}," are different keys.",[51,27735,8450],{"id":8449},[20,27737,8453,27738,27740],{},[15,27739,12338],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,27742,27744],{"className":58,"code":27743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27745,27746,27756,27770,27788,27818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27747,27748,27750,27752,27754],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27749,164],{"class":163},[65,27751,151],{"class":79},[65,27753,11025],{"class":147},[65,27755,157],{"class":79},[65,27757,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,27759,164],{"class":163},[65,27761,151],{"class":79},[65,27763,11025],{"class":147},[65,27765,144],{"class":79},[65,27767,16499],{"class":147},[65,27769,6766],{"class":79},[65,27771,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,27773,164],{"class":163},[65,27775,151],{"class":79},[65,27777,594],{"class":487},[65,27779,7241],{"class":491},[65,27781,594],{"class":487},[65,27783,20749],{"class":3444},[65,27785,11341],{"class":147},[65,27787,157],{"class":79},[65,27789,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27791,164],{"class":163},[65,27793,151],{"class":79},[65,27795,11025],{"class":147},[65,27797,144],{"class":79},[65,27799,25817],{"class":147},[65,27801,151],{"class":79},[65,27803,594],{"class":487},[65,27805,7241],{"class":491},[65,27807,594],{"class":487},[65,27809,87],{"class":79},[65,27811,603],{"class":487},[65,27813,26349],{"class":491},[65,27815,594],{"class":487},[65,27817,1028],{"class":79},[65,27819,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,27821,164],{"class":163},[65,27823,151],{"class":79},[65,27825,1260],{"class":1259},[65,27827,151],{"class":79},[65,27829,11025],{"class":147},[65,27831,1028],{"class":79},[20,27833,20911],{},[33,27835,27836,27841,27846,27851,27857],{},[36,27837,27838,27840],{},[15,27839,12255],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,27842,27843,27845],{},[15,27844,20923],{}," shows all available keys",[36,27847,27848,27850],{},[15,27849,20929],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,27852,27853,27856],{},[15,27854,27855],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,27858,27859,27861],{},[15,27860,12261],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27863,27864,27865,144],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[210,27866,8969],{"href":8968},[51,27868,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,27870,27872,27873,27875],{"id":27871},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27874,12338],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27877,27878],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1286,27880,27882],{"id":27881},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27884,27885,26114,27887,27889,27890,27892],{},[15,27886,25913],{},[15,27888,19262],{},". ",[15,27891,25917],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1286,27894,1289,27896,14471],{"id":27895},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27897,12338],{},[20,27899,27900],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1286,27902,1316,27904,27906],{"id":27903},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,27905,12338],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27908,27909,27910,27912,27913,144],{},"Not with ",[15,27911,12145],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[210,27914,27915],{"href":12156},[15,27916,12345],{},[1286,27918,1299,27920,634,27922,1304],{"id":27919},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27921,10316],{},[15,27923,12338],{},[20,27925,27926,27928,27929,27931],{},[15,27927,10316],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27930,12338],{}," reads and removes it.",[51,27933,1455],{"id":1454},[33,27935,27936,27942,27949,27953,27957,27961],{},[36,27937,27938],{},[210,27939,27940],{"href":10312},[15,27941,19243],{},[36,27943,27944],{},[210,27945,27946],{"href":12156},[15,27947,27948],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,27950,27951],{},[210,27952,12362],{"href":12149},[36,27954,27955],{},[210,27956,21032],{"href":16172},[36,27958,27959],{},[210,27960,10838],{"href":10650},[36,27962,27963],{},[210,27964,27966],{"href":27965},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1499,27968,27969],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":27971},[27972,27973,27975,27976,27977,27979,27986,27993,28003,28004,28005,28016],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":25924,"depth":101,"text":27974},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":26409,"depth":101,"text":27978},"When to use pop()",{"id":26596,"depth":101,"text":27980,"children":27981},"pop() vs del",[27982,27984],{"id":26611,"depth":126,"text":27983},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26714,"depth":126,"text":27985},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26816,"depth":101,"text":27987,"children":27988},"How to avoid KeyError",[27989,27990,27991],{"id":26825,"depth":126,"text":26826},{"id":26921,"depth":126,"text":26922},{"id":27029,"depth":126,"text":27992},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":27994},[27995,27997,27999,28001],{"id":27139,"depth":126,"text":27996},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27272,"depth":126,"text":27998},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27377,"depth":126,"text":28000},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27494,"depth":126,"text":28002},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27595,"depth":101,"text":27596},{"id":8449,"depth":101,"text":8450},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":28006},[28007,28009,28010,28012,28014],{"id":27871,"depth":126,"text":28008},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27881,"depth":126,"text":27882},{"id":27895,"depth":126,"text":28011},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27903,"depth":126,"text":28013},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27919,"depth":126,"text":28015},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25745,"description":28017},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28024,"title":27948,"body":28025,"description":29964,"extension":1528,"meta":29965,"navigation":129,"path":29966,"seo":29967,"stem":29968,"__hash__":29969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28026,"toc":29928},[28027,28032,28037,28040,28048,28058,28060,28149,28153,28202,28207,28212,28216,28232,28235,28237,28252,28254,28270,28277,28281,28287,28296,28298,28367,28371,28392,28395,28414,28417,28440,28442,28445,28560,28564,28623,28630,28634,28640,28765,28769,28819,28822,28826,28833,28835,28898,28902,28923,28926,28935,28950,28958,28965,28969,28981,28985,28996,28998,29144,29148,29207,29214,29219,29223,29229,29252,29257,29276,29280,29351,29358,29431,29440,29445,29450,29461,29464,29601,29605,29637,29642,29644,29648,29708,29711,29768,29771,29814,29816,29821,29827,29833,29836,29843,29851,29856,29859,29866,29874,29876,29925],[10,28028,10894,28030,18],{"id":28029},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28031,12345],{},[20,28033,1545,28034,28036],{},[15,28035,12345],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28038,28039],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,28041,28042,28045],{},[36,28043,28044],{},"remove an item",[36,28046,28047],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28049,28050,28051,28053,28054,28057],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28052,12345],{}," removes the ",[43,28055,28056],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[51,28059,1570],{"id":1569},[56,28061,28063],{"className":58,"code":28062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28064,28065,28109,28125,28129,28139],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28066,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28068,8744],{"class":71},[65,28070,76],{"class":75},[65,28072,80],{"class":79},[65,28074,488],{"class":487},[65,28076,210],{"class":491},[65,28078,488],{"class":487},[65,28080,191],{"class":79},[65,28082,5066],{"class":83},[65,28084,87],{"class":79},[65,28086,499],{"class":487},[65,28088,154],{"class":491},[65,28090,488],{"class":487},[65,28092,191],{"class":79},[65,28094,90],{"class":83},[65,28096,87],{"class":79},[65,28098,499],{"class":487},[65,28100,9317],{"class":491},[65,28102,488],{"class":487},[65,28104,191],{"class":79},[65,28106,95],{"class":83},[65,28108,98],{"class":79},[65,28110,28111,28114,28116,28118,28120,28123],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28112,28113],{"class":71},"item ",[65,28115,76],{"class":75},[65,28117,14141],{"class":71},[65,28119,144],{"class":79},[65,28121,28122],{"class":147},"popitem",[65,28124,8220],{"class":79},[65,28126,28127],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,28128,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28130,28131,28133,28135,28137],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28132,164],{"class":163},[65,28134,151],{"class":79},[65,28136,22885],{"class":147},[65,28138,157],{"class":79},[65,28140,28141,28143,28145,28147],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,28142,164],{"class":163},[65,28144,151],{"class":79},[65,28146,8783],{"class":147},[65,28148,157],{"class":79},[20,28150,28151],{},[43,28152,350],{},[56,28154,28156],{"className":58,"code":28155,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28157,28158,28174],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28161,151],{"class":79},[65,28163,594],{"class":487},[65,28165,9317],{"class":491},[65,28167,594],{"class":487},[65,28169,87],{"class":79},[65,28171,95],{"class":83},[65,28173,157],{"class":79},[65,28175,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28177,360],{"class":79},[65,28179,594],{"class":487},[65,28181,210],{"class":491},[65,28183,594],{"class":487},[65,28185,191],{"class":79},[65,28187,5066],{"class":83},[65,28189,87],{"class":79},[65,28191,603],{"class":487},[65,28193,154],{"class":491},[65,28195,594],{"class":487},[65,28197,191],{"class":79},[65,28199,90],{"class":83},[65,28201,98],{"class":79},[20,28203,28204,28206],{},[15,28205,12345],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[51,28208,183,28210,186],{"id":28209},"what-popitem-does",[15,28211,12345],{},[20,28213,28214,191],{},[15,28215,12345],{},[33,28217,28218,28221,28226,28229],{},[36,28219,28220],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,28222,28223,28224],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28225,21230],{},[36,28227,28228],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,28230,28231],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28233,28234],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[51,28236,222],{"id":221},[56,28238,28240],{"className":58,"code":28239,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28241,28242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28243,28244,28246,28248,28250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28245,15180],{"class":71},[65,28247,144],{"class":79},[65,28249,28122],{"class":147},[65,28251,8220],{"class":79},[20,28253,11034],{},[33,28255,28256,28264,28267],{},[36,28257,28258,28260,28261],{},[15,28259,12345],{}," takes ",[43,28262,28263],{},"no arguments",[36,28265,28266],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,28268,28269],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28271,28272,28273,6202],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[210,28274,28275],{"href":12142},[15,28276,12338],{},[51,28278,28280],{"id":28279},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28282,28283,28284,28286],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28285,12345],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28288,28289,28290,28293],"ol",{},[36,28291,28292],{},"the key",[36,28294,28295],{},"the value",[20,28297,267],{},[56,28299,28301],{"className":58,"code":28300,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28302,28303,28339,28353,28357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28304,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28306,12779],{"class":71},[65,28308,76],{"class":75},[65,28310,80],{"class":79},[65,28312,488],{"class":487},[65,28314,7241],{"class":491},[65,28316,488],{"class":487},[65,28318,191],{"class":79},[65,28320,499],{"class":487},[65,28322,4572],{"class":491},[65,28324,488],{"class":487},[65,28326,87],{"class":79},[65,28328,499],{"class":487},[65,28330,8877],{"class":491},[65,28332,488],{"class":487},[65,28334,191],{"class":79},[65,28336,8884],{"class":83},[65,28338,98],{"class":79},[65,28340,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28342,136],{"class":71},[65,28344,76],{"class":75},[65,28346,12822],{"class":71},[65,28348,144],{"class":79},[65,28350,28122],{"class":147},[65,28352,8220],{"class":79},[65,28354,28355],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,28356,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28358,28359,28361,28363,28365],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28360,164],{"class":163},[65,28362,151],{"class":79},[65,28364,169],{"class":147},[65,28366,157],{"class":79},[20,28368,28369],{},[43,28370,350],{},[56,28372,28374],{"className":58,"code":28373,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28375,28376],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28377,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28379,151],{"class":79},[65,28381,594],{"class":487},[65,28383,8877],{"class":491},[65,28385,594],{"class":487},[65,28387,87],{"class":79},[65,28389,8884],{"class":83},[65,28391,157],{"class":79},[20,28393,28394],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[56,28396,28398],{"className":58,"code":28397,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28399,28400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28401,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28403,136],{"class":71},[65,28405,76],{"class":75},[65,28407,12822],{"class":71},[65,28409,144],{"class":79},[65,28411,28122],{"class":147},[65,28413,8220],{"class":79},[20,28415,28416],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[56,28418,28420],{"className":58,"code":28419,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28421,28422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28423,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28425,14416],{"class":71},[65,28427,87],{"class":79},[65,28429,21159],{"class":71},[65,28431,76],{"class":75},[65,28433,12822],{"class":71},[65,28435,144],{"class":79},[65,28437,28122],{"class":147},[65,28439,8220],{"class":79},[51,28441,467],{"id":466},[20,28443,28444],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[56,28446,28448],{"className":58,"code":28447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28449,28450,28498,28502,28517,28521,28541],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28451,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28482,28484,28486,28489,28491,28493,28496],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28453,4632],{"class":71},[65,28455,76],{"class":75},[65,28457,80],{"class":79},[65,28459,488],{"class":487},[65,28461,28462],{"class":491},"Tom",[65,28464,488],{"class":487},[65,28466,191],{"class":79},[65,28468,4644],{"class":83},[65,28470,87],{"class":79},[65,28472,499],{"class":487},[65,28474,12456],{"class":491},[65,28476,488],{"class":487},[65,28478,191],{"class":79},[65,28480,28481],{"class":83}," 95",[65,28483,87],{"class":79},[65,28485,499],{"class":487},[65,28487,28488],{"class":491},"Leo",[65,28490,488],{"class":487},[65,28492,191],{"class":79},[65,28494,28495],{"class":83}," 88",[65,28497,98],{"class":79},[65,28499,28500],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28501,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28503,28504,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,28505,28506],{"class":71},"removed_pair ",[65,28508,76],{"class":75},[65,28510,4679],{"class":71},[65,28512,144],{"class":79},[65,28514,28122],{"class":147},[65,28516,8220],{"class":79},[65,28518,28519],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28520,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28522,28523,28525,28527,28529,28532,28534,28536,28539],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,28524,164],{"class":163},[65,28526,151],{"class":79},[65,28528,488],{"class":487},[65,28530,28531],{"class":491},"Removed:",[65,28533,488],{"class":487},[65,28535,87],{"class":79},[65,28537,28538],{"class":147}," removed_pair",[65,28540,157],{"class":79},[65,28542,28543,28545,28547,28549,28552,28554,28556,28558],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,28544,164],{"class":163},[65,28546,151],{"class":79},[65,28548,488],{"class":487},[65,28550,28551],{"class":491},"After removal:",[65,28553,488],{"class":487},[65,28555,87],{"class":79},[65,28557,4679],{"class":147},[65,28559,157],{"class":79},[20,28561,28562],{},[43,28563,350],{},[56,28565,28567],{"className":58,"code":28566,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28568,28569,28590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28570,28571,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28572,28573],{"class":71},"Removed",[65,28575,191],{"class":79},[65,28577,8815],{"class":79},[65,28579,594],{"class":487},[65,28581,28488],{"class":491},[65,28583,594],{"class":487},[65,28585,87],{"class":79},[65,28587,28495],{"class":83},[65,28589,157],{"class":79},[65,28591,28592,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28593,28594],{"class":71},"After removal",[65,28596,191],{"class":79},[65,28598,80],{"class":79},[65,28600,594],{"class":487},[65,28602,28462],{"class":491},[65,28604,594],{"class":487},[65,28606,191],{"class":79},[65,28608,4644],{"class":83},[65,28610,87],{"class":79},[65,28612,603],{"class":487},[65,28614,12456],{"class":491},[65,28616,594],{"class":487},[65,28618,191],{"class":79},[65,28620,28481],{"class":83},[65,28622,98],{"class":79},[20,28624,28625,28626,28629],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28627,28628],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[51,28631,28633],{"id":28632},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28635,28636,28637,28639],{},"Because ",[15,28638,12345],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[56,28641,28643],{"className":58,"code":28642,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28644,28645,28681,28685,28704,28708,28727,28746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28646,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28648,15023],{"class":71},[65,28650,76],{"class":75},[65,28652,80],{"class":79},[65,28654,488],{"class":487},[65,28656,15034],{"class":491},[65,28658,488],{"class":487},[65,28660,191],{"class":79},[65,28662,499],{"class":487},[65,28664,15043],{"class":491},[65,28666,488],{"class":487},[65,28668,87],{"class":79},[65,28670,499],{"class":487},[65,28672,15054],{"class":491},[65,28674,488],{"class":487},[65,28676,191],{"class":79},[65,28678,26483],{"class":83},[65,28680,98],{"class":79},[65,28682,28683],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28684,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28686,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28698,28700,28702],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,28688,14416],{"class":71},[65,28690,87],{"class":79},[65,28692,21159],{"class":71},[65,28694,76],{"class":75},[65,28696,28697],{"class":71}," book",[65,28699,144],{"class":79},[65,28701,28122],{"class":147},[65,28703,8220],{"class":79},[65,28705,28706],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28707,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,28709,28710,28712,28714,28716,28719,28721,28723,28725],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,28711,164],{"class":163},[65,28713,151],{"class":79},[65,28715,488],{"class":487},[65,28717,28718],{"class":491},"Key:",[65,28720,488],{"class":487},[65,28722,87],{"class":79},[65,28724,21154],{"class":147},[65,28726,157],{"class":79},[65,28728,28729,28731,28733,28735,28738,28740,28742,28744],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,28730,164],{"class":163},[65,28732,151],{"class":79},[65,28734,488],{"class":487},[65,28736,28737],{"class":491},"Value:",[65,28739,488],{"class":487},[65,28741,87],{"class":79},[65,28743,8010],{"class":147},[65,28745,157],{"class":79},[65,28747,28748,28750,28752,28754,28757,28759,28761,28763],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,28749,164],{"class":163},[65,28751,151],{"class":79},[65,28753,488],{"class":487},[65,28755,28756],{"class":491},"Dictionary:",[65,28758,488],{"class":487},[65,28760,87],{"class":79},[65,28762,28697],{"class":147},[65,28764,157],{"class":79},[20,28766,28767],{},[43,28768,350],{},[56,28770,28772],{"className":58,"code":28771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28773,28774,28784,28794],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28775,28776,28779,28781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28777,28778],{"class":71},"Key",[65,28780,191],{"class":79},[65,28782,28783],{"class":71}," pages\n",[65,28785,28786,28789,28791],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28787,28788],{"class":71},"Value",[65,28790,191],{"class":79},[65,28792,28793],{"class":83}," 200\n",[65,28795,28796,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,28797,28798],{"class":71},"Dictionary",[65,28800,191],{"class":79},[65,28802,80],{"class":79},[65,28804,594],{"class":487},[65,28806,15034],{"class":491},[65,28808,594],{"class":487},[65,28810,191],{"class":79},[65,28812,603],{"class":487},[65,28814,15043],{"class":491},[65,28816,594],{"class":487},[65,28818,98],{"class":79},[20,28820,28821],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[51,28823,28825],{"id":28824},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28827,28828,28829,28053,28831,144],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28830,12345],{},[43,28832,28056],{},[20,28834,267],{},[56,28836,28838],{"className":58,"code":28837,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28839,28840,28884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28841,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28843,8744],{"class":71},[65,28845,76],{"class":75},[65,28847,80],{"class":79},[65,28849,488],{"class":487},[65,28851,1742],{"class":491},[65,28853,488],{"class":487},[65,28855,191],{"class":79},[65,28857,5066],{"class":83},[65,28859,87],{"class":79},[65,28861,499],{"class":487},[65,28863,11320],{"class":491},[65,28865,488],{"class":487},[65,28867,191],{"class":79},[65,28869,90],{"class":83},[65,28871,87],{"class":79},[65,28873,499],{"class":487},[65,28875,21652],{"class":491},[65,28877,488],{"class":487},[65,28879,191],{"class":79},[65,28881,95],{"class":83},[65,28883,98],{"class":79},[65,28885,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,28887,164],{"class":163},[65,28889,151],{"class":79},[65,28891,8783],{"class":147},[65,28893,144],{"class":79},[65,28895,28122],{"class":147},[65,28897,6766],{"class":79},[20,28899,28900],{},[43,28901,350],{},[56,28903,28905],{"className":58,"code":28904,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28906,28907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28908,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28910,151],{"class":79},[65,28912,594],{"class":487},[65,28914,21652],{"class":491},[65,28916,594],{"class":487},[65,28918,87],{"class":79},[65,28920,95],{"class":83},[65,28922,157],{"class":79},[20,28924,28925],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28927,28928,28929,28931,28932,28934],{},"As a beginner, do ",[43,28930,45],{}," think of ",[15,28933,12345],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28936,28937,28938,1491,28942,1494,28946,144],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[210,28939,28940],{"href":16650},[15,28941,16653],{},[210,28943,28944],{"href":16638},[15,28945,16641],{},[210,28947,28948],{"href":16644},[15,28949,16647],{},[51,28951,28953,28954,634,28956],{"id":28952},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28955,12345],{},[15,28957,12338],{},[20,28959,28960,634,28962,28964],{},[15,28961,12345],{},[15,28963,12338],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1286,28966,28967],{"id":28122},[15,28968,12345],{},[33,28970,28971,28974,28977],{},[36,28972,28973],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,28975,28976],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,28978,3257,28979],{},[15,28980,21230],{},[1286,28982,28983],{"id":25817},[15,28984,12338],{},[33,28986,28987,28990,28993],{},[36,28988,28989],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,28991,28992],{},"needs the key name",[36,28994,28995],{},"returns only the value",[20,28997,267],{},[56,28999,29001],{"className":58,"code":29000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29002,29003,29047,29051,29065,29085,29089,29111,29130,29134],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29004,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29006,8744],{"class":71},[65,29008,76],{"class":75},[65,29010,80],{"class":79},[65,29012,488],{"class":487},[65,29014,210],{"class":491},[65,29016,488],{"class":487},[65,29018,191],{"class":79},[65,29020,5066],{"class":83},[65,29022,87],{"class":79},[65,29024,499],{"class":487},[65,29026,154],{"class":491},[65,29028,488],{"class":487},[65,29030,191],{"class":79},[65,29032,90],{"class":83},[65,29034,87],{"class":79},[65,29036,499],{"class":487},[65,29038,9317],{"class":491},[65,29040,488],{"class":487},[65,29042,191],{"class":79},[65,29044,95],{"class":83},[65,29046,98],{"class":79},[65,29048,29049],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29050,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29052,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29054,28113],{"class":71},[65,29056,76],{"class":75},[65,29058,14141],{"class":71},[65,29060,144],{"class":79},[65,29062,28122],{"class":147},[65,29064,8220],{"class":79},[65,29066,29067,29069,29071,29073,29076,29078,29080,29083],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,29068,164],{"class":163},[65,29070,151],{"class":79},[65,29072,488],{"class":487},[65,29074,29075],{"class":491},"popitem():",[65,29077,488],{"class":487},[65,29079,87],{"class":79},[65,29081,29082],{"class":147}," item",[65,29084,157],{"class":79},[65,29086,29087],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,29088,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29090,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,29092,2015],{"class":71},[65,29094,76],{"class":75},[65,29096,14141],{"class":71},[65,29098,144],{"class":79},[65,29100,25817],{"class":147},[65,29102,151],{"class":79},[65,29104,488],{"class":487},[65,29106,210],{"class":491},[65,29108,488],{"class":487},[65,29110,157],{"class":79},[65,29112,29113,29115,29117,29119,29122,29124,29126,29128],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,29114,164],{"class":163},[65,29116,151],{"class":79},[65,29118,488],{"class":487},[65,29120,29121],{"class":491},"pop('a'):",[65,29123,488],{"class":487},[65,29125,87],{"class":79},[65,29127,8010],{"class":147},[65,29129,157],{"class":79},[65,29131,29132],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,29133,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29135,29136,29138,29140,29142],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,29137,164],{"class":163},[65,29139,151],{"class":79},[65,29141,8783],{"class":147},[65,29143,157],{"class":79},[20,29145,29146],{},[43,29147,350],{},[56,29149,29151],{"className":58,"code":29150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29152,29153,29174,29191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29154,29155,29157,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29156,28122],{"class":147},[65,29158,29159],{"class":79},"():",[65,29161,8815],{"class":79},[65,29163,594],{"class":487},[65,29165,9317],{"class":491},[65,29167,594],{"class":487},[65,29169,87],{"class":79},[65,29171,95],{"class":83},[65,29173,157],{"class":79},[65,29175,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29177,25817],{"class":147},[65,29179,151],{"class":79},[65,29181,594],{"class":487},[65,29183,210],{"class":491},[65,29185,594],{"class":487},[65,29187,16027],{"class":79},[65,29189,29190],{"class":83}," 1\n",[65,29192,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29194,360],{"class":79},[65,29196,594],{"class":487},[65,29198,154],{"class":491},[65,29200,594],{"class":487},[65,29202,191],{"class":79},[65,29204,90],{"class":83},[65,29206,98],{"class":79},[20,29208,1660,29209,29213],{},[210,29210,29211],{"href":12142},[15,29212,12338],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29215,1660,29216,29218],{},[15,29217,12345],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[51,29220,29222],{"id":29221},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29224,29225,29226,29228],{},"Calling ",[15,29227,12345],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[56,29230,29232],{"className":58,"code":29231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29233,29234,29242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29235,29236,29238,29240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29237,8744],{"class":71},[65,29239,76],{"class":75},[65,29241,9416],{"class":79},[65,29243,29244,29246,29248,29250],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29245,8783],{"class":71},[65,29247,144],{"class":79},[65,29249,28122],{"class":147},[65,29251,8220],{"class":79},[20,29253,29254],{},[43,29255,29256],{},"Error:",[56,29258,29260],{"className":58,"code":29259,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29261,29262],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29263,29264,29266,29268,29270,29273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29265,19262],{"class":1259},[65,29267,191],{"class":79},[65,29269,603],{"class":487},[65,29271,29272],{"class":491},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[65,29274,29275],{"class":487},"'\n",[1286,29277,29279],{"id":29278},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[56,29281,29283],{"className":58,"code":29282,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29284,29285,29293,29297,29305,29320,29330,29336],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29286,29287,29289,29291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29288,8744],{"class":71},[65,29290,76],{"class":75},[65,29292,9416],{"class":79},[65,29294,29295],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29296,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29298,29299,29301,29303],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29300,6569],{"class":3444},[65,29302,14141],{"class":71},[65,29304,5963],{"class":79},[65,29306,29307,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,29308,29309],{"class":71},"    item ",[65,29311,76],{"class":75},[65,29313,14141],{"class":71},[65,29315,144],{"class":79},[65,29317,28122],{"class":147},[65,29319,8220],{"class":79},[65,29321,29322,29324,29326,29328],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,29323,7644],{"class":163},[65,29325,151],{"class":79},[65,29327,22885],{"class":147},[65,29329,157],{"class":79},[65,29331,29332,29334],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,29333,27009],{"class":3444},[65,29335,5963],{"class":79},[65,29337,29338,29340,29342,29344,29347,29349],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,29339,7644],{"class":163},[65,29341,151],{"class":79},[65,29343,488],{"class":487},[65,29345,29346],{"class":491},"Dictionary is empty",[65,29348,488],{"class":487},[65,29350,157],{"class":79},[1286,29352,29354,29355],{"id":29353},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29356,29357],{},"try-except",[56,29359,29361],{"className":58,"code":29360,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29362,29363,29371,29375,29382,29396,29406,29416],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29364,29365,29367,29369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29366,8744],{"class":71},[65,29368,76],{"class":75},[65,29370,9416],{"class":79},[65,29372,29373],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29374,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29376,29377,29380],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29378,29379],{"class":3444},"try",[65,29381,5963],{"class":79},[65,29383,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,29385,29309],{"class":71},[65,29387,76],{"class":75},[65,29389,14141],{"class":71},[65,29391,144],{"class":79},[65,29393,28122],{"class":147},[65,29395,8220],{"class":79},[65,29397,29398,29400,29402,29404],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,29399,7644],{"class":163},[65,29401,151],{"class":79},[65,29403,22885],{"class":147},[65,29405,157],{"class":79},[65,29407,29408,29411,29414],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,29409,29410],{"class":3444},"except",[65,29412,29413],{"class":1259}," KeyError",[65,29415,5963],{"class":79},[65,29417,29418,29420,29422,29424,29427,29429],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,29419,7644],{"class":163},[65,29421,151],{"class":79},[65,29423,488],{"class":487},[65,29425,29426],{"class":491},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[65,29428,488],{"class":487},[65,29430,157],{"class":79},[20,29432,29433,29434,144],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[210,29435,25255,29437],{"href":29436},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29438,29439],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[51,29441,4529,29443],{"id":29442},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29444,12345],{},[20,29446,29447,29449],{},[15,29448,12345],{}," is useful when:",[33,29451,29452,29455,29458],{},[36,29453,29454],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,29456,29457],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,29459,29460],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29462,29463],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[56,29465,29467],{"className":58,"code":29466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29468,29469,29478,29498,29518,29536,29540,29544,29554,29573],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29470,29471,29474,29476],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29472,29473],{"class":71},"tasks ",[65,29475,76],{"class":75},[65,29477,11067],{"class":79},[65,29479,29480,29482,29485,29487,29489,29491,29494,29496],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29481,11072],{"class":487},[65,29483,29484],{"class":491},"first",[65,29486,488],{"class":487},[65,29488,191],{"class":79},[65,29490,499],{"class":487},[65,29492,29493],{"class":491},"wash dishes",[65,29495,488],{"class":487},[65,29497,11088],{"class":79},[65,29499,29500,29502,29505,29507,29509,29511,29514,29516],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29501,11072],{"class":487},[65,29503,29504],{"class":491},"second",[65,29506,488],{"class":487},[65,29508,191],{"class":79},[65,29510,499],{"class":487},[65,29512,29513],{"class":491},"do homework",[65,29515,488],{"class":487},[65,29517,11088],{"class":79},[65,29519,29520,29522,29525,29527,29529,29531,29534],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,29521,11072],{"class":487},[65,29523,29524],{"class":491},"third",[65,29526,488],{"class":487},[65,29528,191],{"class":79},[65,29530,499],{"class":487},[65,29532,29533],{"class":491},"read book",[65,29535,2925],{"class":487},[65,29537,29538],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,29539,98],{"class":79},[65,29541,29542],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,29543,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29545,29546,29549,29552],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,29547,29548],{"class":3444},"while",[65,29550,29551],{"class":71}," tasks",[65,29553,5963],{"class":79},[65,29555,29556,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,29557,29558],{"class":71},"    key",[65,29560,87],{"class":79},[65,29562,21159],{"class":71},[65,29564,76],{"class":75},[65,29566,29551],{"class":71},[65,29568,144],{"class":79},[65,29570,28122],{"class":147},[65,29572,8220],{"class":79},[65,29574,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,29576,7644],{"class":163},[65,29578,151],{"class":79},[65,29580,21869],{"class":1632},[65,29582,488],{"class":491},[65,29584,360],{"class":83},[65,29586,14416],{"class":147},[65,29588,21878],{"class":83},[65,29590,21881],{"class":491},[65,29592,360],{"class":83},[65,29594,2040],{"class":147},[65,29596,21878],{"class":83},[65,29598,488],{"class":491},[65,29600,157],{"class":79},[20,29602,29603],{},[43,29604,1046],{},[56,29606,29608],{"className":58,"code":29607,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29609,29610,29619,29628],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29611,29612,29614,29616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29613,29524],{"class":71},[65,29615,191],{"class":79},[65,29617,29618],{"class":71}," read book\n",[65,29620,29621,29623,29625],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29622,29504],{"class":71},[65,29624,191],{"class":79},[65,29626,29627],{"class":71}," do homework\n",[65,29629,29630,29632,29634],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29631,29484],{"class":71},[65,29633,191],{"class":79},[65,29635,29636],{"class":71}," wash dishes\n",[20,29638,28636,29639,29641],{},[15,29640,12345],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[51,29643,2396],{"id":2395},[20,29645,14308,29646,191],{},[15,29647,12345],{},[33,29649,29650,29664,29683,29694],{},[36,29651,29652,29657],{},[43,29653,29225,29654,29656],{},[15,29655,12345],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,29658,29659],{},[36,29660,29661,29662,144],{},"This raises ",[15,29663,19262],{},[36,29665,29666,29671],{},[43,29667,8030,29668,29670],{},[15,29669,12345],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,29672,29673,29676],{},[36,29674,29675],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,29677,1660,29678,29682],{},[210,29679,29680],{"href":12142},[15,29681,12338],{}," if you need that.",[36,29684,29685,29689],{},[43,29686,4272,29687,27275],{},[15,29688,12345],{},[33,29690,29691],{},[36,29692,29693],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,29695,29696,29699],{},[43,29697,29698],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,29700,29701],{},[36,29702,29703,21550,29705,29707],{},[15,29704,12345],{},[15,29706,21230],{}," tuple.",[20,29709,29710],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[56,29712,29714],{"className":58,"code":29713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29715,29716,29726,29740,29744,29758],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29717,29718,29720,29722,29724],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29719,164],{"class":163},[65,29721,151],{"class":79},[65,29723,11025],{"class":147},[65,29725,157],{"class":79},[65,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736,29738],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29729,164],{"class":163},[65,29731,151],{"class":79},[65,29733,10737],{"class":163},[65,29735,151],{"class":79},[65,29737,11025],{"class":147},[65,29739,1028],{"class":79},[65,29741,29742],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29743,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,29745,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,29747,28113],{"class":71},[65,29749,76],{"class":75},[65,29751,11341],{"class":71},[65,29753,144],{"class":79},[65,29755,28122],{"class":147},[65,29757,8220],{"class":79},[65,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,29761,164],{"class":163},[65,29763,151],{"class":79},[65,29765,22885],{"class":147},[65,29767,157],{"class":79},[20,29769,29770],{},"Or with unpacking:",[56,29772,29774],{"className":58,"code":29773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29775,29776,29794,29804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29777,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29779,14416],{"class":71},[65,29781,87],{"class":79},[65,29783,21159],{"class":71},[65,29785,76],{"class":75},[65,29787,11341],{"class":71},[65,29789,144],{"class":79},[65,29791,28122],{"class":147},[65,29793,8220],{"class":79},[65,29795,29796,29798,29800,29802],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,29797,164],{"class":163},[65,29799,151],{"class":79},[65,29801,14416],{"class":147},[65,29803,157],{"class":79},[65,29805,29806,29808,29810,29812],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,29807,164],{"class":163},[65,29809,151],{"class":79},[65,29811,2040],{"class":147},[65,29813,157],{"class":79},[51,29815,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,29817,4711,29819,4714],{"id":29818},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29820,12345],{},[20,29822,29823,29824,144],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29825,29826],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1286,29828,1289,29830,29832],{"id":29829},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29831,12345],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29834,29835],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1286,29837,29839,29840,29842],{"id":29838},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29841,12345],{}," removes?",[20,29844,29845,29846,29850],{},"No. Use ",[210,29847,29848],{"href":12142},[15,29849,12338],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1286,29852,1289,29854,14471],{"id":29853},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29855,12345],{},[20,29857,29858],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1286,29860,29862,29863,29865],{"id":29861},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29864,12345],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29867,29868,29869,29871,29872,144],{},"It raises ",[15,29870,19262],{}," with the message ",[15,29873,29272],{},[51,29875,1455],{"id":1454},[33,29877,29878,29885,29891,29897,29903,29910,29914,29918],{},[36,29879,29880],{},[210,29881,29882,29884],{"href":12142},[15,29883,12338],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,29886,29887],{},[210,29888,29889,29884],{"href":16650},[15,29890,16653],{},[36,29892,29893],{},[210,29894,29895,29884],{"href":16638},[15,29896,16641],{},[36,29898,29899],{},[210,29900,29901,29884],{"href":16644},[15,29902,16647],{},[36,29904,29905],{},[210,29906,29908,29884],{"href":29907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29909,10897],{},[36,29911,29912],{},[210,29913,12362],{"href":12149},[36,29915,29916],{},[210,29917,21032],{"href":16172},[36,29919,29920],{},[210,29921,29922,29923],{"href":29436},"Fix ",[15,29924,29439],{},[1499,29926,29927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":29929},[29930,29931,29933,29934,29935,29936,29937,29938,29943,29948,29950,29951,29963],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":28209,"depth":101,"text":29932},"What popitem() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":28279,"depth":101,"text":28280},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":28632,"depth":101,"text":28633},{"id":28824,"depth":101,"text":28825},{"id":28952,"depth":101,"text":29939,"children":29940},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29941,29942],{"id":28122,"depth":126,"text":12345},{"id":25817,"depth":126,"text":12338},{"id":29221,"depth":101,"text":29222,"children":29944},[29945,29946],{"id":29278,"depth":126,"text":29279},{"id":29353,"depth":126,"text":29947},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29442,"depth":101,"text":29949},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":29952},[29953,29955,29957,29959,29961],{"id":29818,"depth":126,"text":29954},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29829,"depth":126,"text":29956},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29838,"depth":126,"text":29958},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29853,"depth":126,"text":29960},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29861,"depth":126,"text":29962},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27948,"description":29964},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29971,"title":29972,"body":29973,"description":31876,"extension":1528,"meta":31877,"navigation":129,"path":13607,"seo":31878,"stem":31879,"__hash__":31880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29974,"toc":31848},[29975,29980,29985,29988,29990,30087,30092,30097,30102,30105,30113,30116,30131,30133,30233,30235,30292,30296,30298,30301,30321,30326,30337,30340,30367,30370,30372,30429,30431,30452,30458,30463,30466,30477,30479,30587,30589,30642,30644,30656,30663,30669,30674,30677,30765,30767,30812,30815,30823,30826,30829,30898,30901,30904,30908,30911,30982,30984,31037,31040,31043,31046,31061,31064,31076,31079,31142,31144,31150,31152,31154,31233,31235,31276,31278,31343,31345,31382,31387,31392,31396,31410,31413,31536,31538,31623,31628,31630,31634,31656,31659,31739,31742,31761,31766,31768,31774,31779,31785,31788,31794,31797,31803,31808,31814,31820,31822,31845],[10,29976,10894,29978,18],{"id":29977},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29979,14529],{},[20,29981,1545,29982,29984],{},[15,29983,14529],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29986,29987],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[51,29989,1570],{"id":1569},[56,29991,29993],{"className":58,"code":29992,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29994,29995,30031,30072,30082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,29996,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021,30023,30025,30027,30029],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,29998,12779],{"class":71},[65,30000,76],{"class":75},[65,30002,80],{"class":79},[65,30004,488],{"class":487},[65,30006,7241],{"class":491},[65,30008,488],{"class":487},[65,30010,191],{"class":79},[65,30012,499],{"class":487},[65,30014,12456],{"class":491},[65,30016,488],{"class":487},[65,30018,87],{"class":79},[65,30020,499],{"class":487},[65,30022,8877],{"class":491},[65,30024,488],{"class":487},[65,30026,191],{"class":79},[65,30028,7364],{"class":83},[65,30030,98],{"class":79},[65,30032,30033,30035,30037,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30034,16882],{"class":71},[65,30036,144],{"class":79},[65,30038,30039],{"class":147},"update",[65,30041,5098],{"class":79},[65,30043,488],{"class":487},[65,30045,8877],{"class":491},[65,30047,488],{"class":487},[65,30049,191],{"class":79},[65,30051,30052],{"class":83}," 21",[65,30054,87],{"class":79},[65,30056,499],{"class":487},[65,30058,9986],{"class":491},[65,30060,488],{"class":487},[65,30062,191],{"class":79},[65,30064,499],{"class":487},[65,30066,15606],{"class":491},[65,30068,488],{"class":487},[65,30070,30071],{"class":79},"})\n",[65,30073,30074,30076,30078,30080],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30075,164],{"class":163},[65,30077,151],{"class":79},[65,30079,16882],{"class":147},[65,30081,157],{"class":79},[65,30083,30084],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30085,30086],{"class":175},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30088,1660,30089,30091],{},[15,30090,14529],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[51,30093,183,30095,186],{"id":30094},"what-update-does",[15,30096,14529],{},[20,30098,30099,30101],{},[15,30100,14529],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30103,30104],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,30106,30107,30110],{},[36,30108,30109],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,30111,30112],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30114,30115],{},"Important things to know:",[33,30117,30118,30121,30124,30128],{},[36,30119,30120],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,30122,30123],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,30125,4717,30126],{},[15,30127,3344],{},[36,30129,30130],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30132,267],{},[56,30134,30136],{"className":58,"code":30135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30137,30138,30180,30223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30139,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154,30156,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30176,30178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30141,12439],{"class":71},[65,30143,76],{"class":75},[65,30145,80],{"class":79},[65,30147,488],{"class":487},[65,30149,7241],{"class":491},[65,30151,488],{"class":487},[65,30153,191],{"class":79},[65,30155,499],{"class":487},[65,30157,30158],{"class":491},"Mira",[65,30160,488],{"class":487},[65,30162,87],{"class":79},[65,30164,499],{"class":487},[65,30166,19466],{"class":491},[65,30168,488],{"class":487},[65,30170,191],{"class":79},[65,30172,499],{"class":487},[65,30174,30175],{"class":491},"B",[65,30177,488],{"class":487},[65,30179,98],{"class":79},[65,30181,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30219,30221],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30183,13200],{"class":71},[65,30185,144],{"class":79},[65,30187,30039],{"class":147},[65,30189,5098],{"class":79},[65,30191,488],{"class":487},[65,30193,19466],{"class":491},[65,30195,488],{"class":487},[65,30197,191],{"class":79},[65,30199,499],{"class":487},[65,30201,21820],{"class":491},[65,30203,488],{"class":487},[65,30205,87],{"class":79},[65,30207,499],{"class":487},[65,30209,9986],{"class":491},[65,30211,488],{"class":487},[65,30213,191],{"class":79},[65,30215,499],{"class":487},[65,30217,30218],{"class":491},"Quito",[65,30220,488],{"class":487},[65,30222,30071],{"class":79},[65,30224,30225,30227,30229,30231],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30226,164],{"class":163},[65,30228,151],{"class":79},[65,30230,13200],{"class":147},[65,30232,157],{"class":79},[20,30234,350],{},[56,30236,30238],{"className":58,"code":30237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30239,30240],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30241,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30243,360],{"class":79},[65,30245,594],{"class":487},[65,30247,7241],{"class":491},[65,30249,594],{"class":487},[65,30251,191],{"class":79},[65,30253,603],{"class":487},[65,30255,30158],{"class":491},[65,30257,594],{"class":487},[65,30259,87],{"class":79},[65,30261,603],{"class":487},[65,30263,19466],{"class":491},[65,30265,594],{"class":487},[65,30267,191],{"class":79},[65,30269,603],{"class":487},[65,30271,21820],{"class":491},[65,30273,594],{"class":487},[65,30275,87],{"class":79},[65,30277,603],{"class":487},[65,30279,9986],{"class":491},[65,30281,594],{"class":487},[65,30283,191],{"class":79},[65,30285,603],{"class":487},[65,30287,30218],{"class":491},[65,30289,594],{"class":487},[65,30291,98],{"class":79},[20,30293,8730,30294,144],{},[210,30295,24203],{"href":8968},[51,30297,222],{"id":221},[20,30299,30300],{},"The basic form is:",[56,30302,30304],{"className":58,"code":30303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30305,30306],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30307,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30309,15180],{"class":71},[65,30311,144],{"class":79},[65,30313,30039],{"class":147},[65,30315,151],{"class":79},[65,30317,30318],{"class":147},"other",[65,30320,157],{"class":79},[20,30322,30323,30325],{},[15,30324,30318],{}," can be:",[33,30327,30328,30331,30334],{},[36,30329,30330],{},"Another dictionary",[36,30332,30333],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,30335,30336],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30338,30339],{},"You can also use:",[56,30341,30343],{"className":58,"code":30342,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30344,30345],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30346,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30348,15180],{"class":71},[65,30350,144],{"class":79},[65,30352,30039],{"class":147},[65,30354,151],{"class":79},[65,30356,7241],{"class":8754},[65,30358,76],{"class":75},[65,30360,488],{"class":487},[65,30362,7250],{"class":491},[65,30364,488],{"class":487},[65,30366,157],{"class":79},[20,30368,30369],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30371,267],{},[56,30373,30375],{"className":58,"code":30374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30376,30377,30397,30419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30378,30379,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30380,8744],{"class":71},[65,30382,76],{"class":75},[65,30384,80],{"class":79},[65,30386,488],{"class":487},[65,30388,210],{"class":491},[65,30390,488],{"class":487},[65,30392,191],{"class":79},[65,30394,5066],{"class":83},[65,30396,98],{"class":79},[65,30398,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30400,8783],{"class":71},[65,30402,144],{"class":79},[65,30404,30039],{"class":147},[65,30406,5098],{"class":79},[65,30408,488],{"class":487},[65,30410,210],{"class":491},[65,30412,488],{"class":487},[65,30414,191],{"class":79},[65,30416,5574],{"class":83},[65,30418,30071],{"class":79},[65,30420,30421,30423,30425,30427],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30422,164],{"class":163},[65,30424,151],{"class":79},[65,30426,8783],{"class":147},[65,30428,157],{"class":79},[20,30430,350],{},[56,30432,30434],{"className":58,"code":30433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30435,30436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30437,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30439,360],{"class":79},[65,30441,594],{"class":487},[65,30443,210],{"class":491},[65,30445,594],{"class":487},[65,30447,191],{"class":79},[65,30449,5574],{"class":83},[65,30451,98],{"class":79},[51,30453,7994,30455,30457],{"id":30454},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30456,14529],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30459,30460,30461,144],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30462,14529],{},[20,30464,30465],{},"It is useful when:",[33,30467,30468,30471,30474],{},[36,30469,30470],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,30472,30473],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,30475,30476],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30478,267],{},[56,30480,30482],{"className":58,"code":30481,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30483,30484,30521,30558,30562,30577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30485,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30487,13400],{"class":71},[65,30489,76],{"class":75},[65,30491,80],{"class":79},[65,30493,488],{"class":487},[65,30495,12070],{"class":491},[65,30497,488],{"class":487},[65,30499,191],{"class":79},[65,30501,499],{"class":487},[65,30503,20503],{"class":491},[65,30505,488],{"class":487},[65,30507,87],{"class":79},[65,30509,499],{"class":487},[65,30511,13425],{"class":491},[65,30513,488],{"class":487},[65,30515,191],{"class":79},[65,30517,30518],{"class":83}," 12",[65,30520,98],{"class":79},[65,30522,30523,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30524,30525],{"class":71},"new_settings ",[65,30527,76],{"class":75},[65,30529,80],{"class":79},[65,30531,488],{"class":487},[65,30533,13425],{"class":491},[65,30535,488],{"class":487},[65,30537,191],{"class":79},[65,30539,13432],{"class":83},[65,30541,87],{"class":79},[65,30543,499],{"class":487},[65,30545,19698],{"class":491},[65,30547,488],{"class":487},[65,30549,191],{"class":79},[65,30551,499],{"class":487},[65,30553,19732],{"class":491},[65,30555,488],{"class":487},[65,30557,98],{"class":79},[65,30559,30560],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30561,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,30563,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30575],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30565,13459],{"class":71},[65,30567,144],{"class":79},[65,30569,30039],{"class":147},[65,30571,151],{"class":79},[65,30573,30574],{"class":147},"new_settings",[65,30576,157],{"class":79},[65,30578,30579,30581,30583,30585],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,30580,164],{"class":163},[65,30582,151],{"class":79},[65,30584,13459],{"class":147},[65,30586,157],{"class":79},[20,30588,350],{},[56,30590,30592],{"className":58,"code":30591,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30593,30594],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30595,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30597,360],{"class":79},[65,30599,594],{"class":487},[65,30601,12070],{"class":491},[65,30603,594],{"class":487},[65,30605,191],{"class":79},[65,30607,603],{"class":487},[65,30609,20503],{"class":491},[65,30611,594],{"class":487},[65,30613,87],{"class":79},[65,30615,603],{"class":487},[65,30617,13425],{"class":491},[65,30619,594],{"class":487},[65,30621,191],{"class":79},[65,30623,13432],{"class":83},[65,30625,87],{"class":79},[65,30627,603],{"class":487},[65,30629,19698],{"class":491},[65,30631,594],{"class":487},[65,30633,191],{"class":79},[65,30635,603],{"class":487},[65,30637,19732],{"class":491},[65,30639,594],{"class":487},[65,30641,98],{"class":79},[20,30643,620],{},[33,30645,30646,30651],{},[36,30647,30648,30650],{},[15,30649,13425],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,30652,30653,30655],{},[15,30654,19698],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30657,30658,30659,144],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[210,30660,30662],{"href":30661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[51,30664,7994,30666,30668],{"id":30665},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30667,14529],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30670,30671,30673],{},[15,30672,14529],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30675,30676],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[56,30678,30680],{"className":58,"code":30679,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30681,30682,30702,30737,30741,30755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30683,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30685,4632],{"class":71},[65,30687,76],{"class":75},[65,30689,80],{"class":79},[65,30691,488],{"class":487},[65,30693,17992],{"class":491},[65,30695,488],{"class":487},[65,30697,191],{"class":79},[65,30699,19473],{"class":83},[65,30701,98],{"class":79},[65,30703,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30729,30731,30733,30735],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30705,8794],{"class":71},[65,30707,76],{"class":75},[65,30709,8799],{"class":79},[65,30711,488],{"class":487},[65,30713,18001],{"class":491},[65,30715,488],{"class":487},[65,30717,87],{"class":79},[65,30719,13081],{"class":83},[65,30721,8812],{"class":79},[65,30723,8815],{"class":79},[65,30725,488],{"class":487},[65,30727,30728],{"class":491},"english",[65,30730,488],{"class":487},[65,30732,87],{"class":79},[65,30734,28495],{"class":83},[65,30736,8828],{"class":79},[65,30738,30739],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30740,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,30742,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30744,15964],{"class":71},[65,30746,144],{"class":79},[65,30748,30039],{"class":147},[65,30750,151],{"class":79},[65,30752,8841],{"class":147},[65,30754,157],{"class":79},[65,30756,30757,30759,30761,30763],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,30758,164],{"class":163},[65,30760,151],{"class":79},[65,30762,15964],{"class":147},[65,30764,157],{"class":79},[20,30766,350],{},[56,30768,30770],{"className":58,"code":30769,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30771,30772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30773,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30775,360],{"class":79},[65,30777,594],{"class":487},[65,30779,17992],{"class":491},[65,30781,594],{"class":487},[65,30783,191],{"class":79},[65,30785,19473],{"class":83},[65,30787,87],{"class":79},[65,30789,603],{"class":487},[65,30791,18001],{"class":491},[65,30793,594],{"class":487},[65,30795,191],{"class":79},[65,30797,13081],{"class":83},[65,30799,87],{"class":79},[65,30801,603],{"class":487},[65,30803,30728],{"class":491},[65,30805,594],{"class":487},[65,30807,191],{"class":79},[65,30809,28495],{"class":83},[65,30811,98],{"class":79},[20,30813,30814],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,30816,30817,30820],{},[36,30818,30819],{},"The key",[36,30821,30822],{},"The value",[20,30824,30825],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30827,30828],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[56,30830,30832],{"className":58,"code":30831,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30833,30834,30854,30879,30883],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30835,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30837,8744],{"class":71},[65,30839,76],{"class":75},[65,30841,80],{"class":79},[65,30843,488],{"class":487},[65,30845,210],{"class":491},[65,30847,488],{"class":487},[65,30849,191],{"class":79},[65,30851,5066],{"class":83},[65,30853,98],{"class":79},[65,30855,30856,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30857,30858],{"class":71},"bad_pairs ",[65,30860,76],{"class":75},[65,30862,8799],{"class":79},[65,30864,488],{"class":487},[65,30866,154],{"class":491},[65,30868,488],{"class":487},[65,30870,87],{"class":79},[65,30872,90],{"class":83},[65,30874,87],{"class":79},[65,30876,95],{"class":83},[65,30878,8828],{"class":79},[65,30880,30881],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30882,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,30884,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30896],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30886,8783],{"class":71},[65,30888,144],{"class":79},[65,30890,30039],{"class":147},[65,30892,151],{"class":79},[65,30894,30895],{"class":147},"bad_pairs",[65,30897,157],{"class":79},[20,30899,30900],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30902,30903],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[51,30905,30907],{"id":30906},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30909,30910],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[56,30912,30914],{"className":58,"code":30913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30915,30916,30940,30972],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30917,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30919,11062],{"class":71},[65,30921,76],{"class":75},[65,30923,80],{"class":79},[65,30925,488],{"class":487},[65,30927,7241],{"class":491},[65,30929,488],{"class":487},[65,30931,191],{"class":79},[65,30933,499],{"class":487},[65,30935,28488],{"class":491},[65,30937,488],{"class":487},[65,30939,98],{"class":79},[65,30941,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30961,30963,30965,30968,30970],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,30943,11156],{"class":71},[65,30945,144],{"class":79},[65,30947,30039],{"class":147},[65,30949,151],{"class":79},[65,30951,8877],{"class":8754},[65,30953,76],{"class":75},[65,30955,8772],{"class":83},[65,30957,87],{"class":79},[65,30959,30960],{"class":8754}," city",[65,30962,76],{"class":75},[65,30964,488],{"class":487},[65,30966,30967],{"class":491},"Madrid",[65,30969,488],{"class":487},[65,30971,157],{"class":79},[65,30973,30974,30976,30978,30980],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,30975,164],{"class":163},[65,30977,151],{"class":79},[65,30979,11156],{"class":147},[65,30981,157],{"class":79},[20,30983,350],{},[56,30985,30987],{"className":58,"code":30986,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30988,30989],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30990,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30992,360],{"class":79},[65,30994,594],{"class":487},[65,30996,7241],{"class":491},[65,30998,594],{"class":487},[65,31000,191],{"class":79},[65,31002,603],{"class":487},[65,31004,28488],{"class":491},[65,31006,594],{"class":487},[65,31008,87],{"class":79},[65,31010,603],{"class":487},[65,31012,8877],{"class":491},[65,31014,594],{"class":487},[65,31016,191],{"class":79},[65,31018,8884],{"class":83},[65,31020,87],{"class":79},[65,31022,603],{"class":487},[65,31024,9986],{"class":491},[65,31026,594],{"class":487},[65,31028,191],{"class":79},[65,31030,603],{"class":487},[65,31032,30967],{"class":491},[65,31034,594],{"class":487},[65,31036,98],{"class":79},[20,31038,31039],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31041,31042],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31044,31045],{},"These work:",[33,31047,31048,31052,31056],{},[36,31049,31050],{},[15,31051,8877],{},[36,31053,31054],{},[15,31055,9986],{},[36,31057,31058],{},[15,31059,31060],{},"first_name",[20,31062,31063],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,31065,31066,31071],{},[36,31067,31068],{},[15,31069,31070],{},"\"first name\"",[36,31072,31073],{},[15,31074,31075],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31077,31078],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[56,31080,31082],{"className":58,"code":31081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31083,31084,31092,31132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31085,31086,31088,31090],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31087,11062],{"class":71},[65,31089,76],{"class":75},[65,31091,9416],{"class":79},[65,31093,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31123,31125,31127,31130],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31095,11156],{"class":71},[65,31097,144],{"class":79},[65,31099,30039],{"class":147},[65,31101,5098],{"class":79},[65,31103,488],{"class":487},[65,31105,10089],{"class":491},[65,31107,488],{"class":487},[65,31109,191],{"class":79},[65,31111,499],{"class":487},[65,31113,28488],{"class":491},[65,31115,488],{"class":487},[65,31117,87],{"class":79},[65,31119,499],{"class":487},[65,31121,31122],{"class":491},"user-id",[65,31124,488],{"class":487},[65,31126,191],{"class":79},[65,31128,31129],{"class":83}," 1001",[65,31131,30071],{"class":79},[65,31133,31134,31136,31138,31140],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31135,164],{"class":163},[65,31137,151],{"class":79},[65,31139,11156],{"class":147},[65,31141,157],{"class":79},[51,31143,16994],{"id":16993},[20,31145,31146,1965,31148,144],{},[15,31147,14529],{},[15,31149,3344],{},[20,31151,13623],{},[20,31153,24283],{},[56,31155,31157],{"className":58,"code":31156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31158,31159,31183,31209,31213,31223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31160,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31162,12779],{"class":71},[65,31164,76],{"class":75},[65,31166,80],{"class":79},[65,31168,488],{"class":487},[65,31170,7241],{"class":491},[65,31172,488],{"class":487},[65,31174,191],{"class":79},[65,31176,499],{"class":487},[65,31178,12456],{"class":491},[65,31180,488],{"class":487},[65,31182,98],{"class":79},[65,31184,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31186,136],{"class":71},[65,31188,76],{"class":75},[65,31190,12822],{"class":71},[65,31192,144],{"class":79},[65,31194,30039],{"class":147},[65,31196,5098],{"class":79},[65,31198,488],{"class":487},[65,31200,8877],{"class":491},[65,31202,488],{"class":487},[65,31204,191],{"class":79},[65,31206,7364],{"class":83},[65,31208,30071],{"class":79},[65,31210,31211],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31212,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31216,164],{"class":163},[65,31218,151],{"class":79},[65,31220,169],{"class":147},[65,31222,157],{"class":79},[65,31224,31225,31227,31229,31231],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,31226,164],{"class":163},[65,31228,151],{"class":79},[65,31230,16882],{"class":147},[65,31232,157],{"class":79},[20,31234,350],{},[56,31236,31238],{"className":58,"code":31237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31239,31240,31244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31241,31242],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31243,11383],{"class":3419},[65,31245,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31247,360],{"class":79},[65,31249,594],{"class":487},[65,31251,7241],{"class":491},[65,31253,594],{"class":487},[65,31255,191],{"class":79},[65,31257,603],{"class":487},[65,31259,12456],{"class":491},[65,31261,594],{"class":487},[65,31263,87],{"class":79},[65,31265,603],{"class":487},[65,31267,8877],{"class":491},[65,31269,594],{"class":487},[65,31271,191],{"class":79},[65,31273,7364],{"class":83},[65,31275,98],{"class":79},[20,31277,16231],{},[56,31279,31281],{"className":58,"code":31280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31282,31283,31307,31329,31333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31284,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31286,12779],{"class":71},[65,31288,76],{"class":75},[65,31290,80],{"class":79},[65,31292,488],{"class":487},[65,31294,7241],{"class":491},[65,31296,488],{"class":487},[65,31298,191],{"class":79},[65,31300,499],{"class":487},[65,31302,12456],{"class":491},[65,31304,488],{"class":487},[65,31306,98],{"class":79},[65,31308,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31310,16882],{"class":71},[65,31312,144],{"class":79},[65,31314,30039],{"class":147},[65,31316,5098],{"class":79},[65,31318,488],{"class":487},[65,31320,8877],{"class":491},[65,31322,488],{"class":487},[65,31324,191],{"class":79},[65,31326,7364],{"class":83},[65,31328,30071],{"class":79},[65,31330,31331],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31332,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31336,164],{"class":163},[65,31338,151],{"class":79},[65,31340,16882],{"class":147},[65,31342,157],{"class":79},[20,31344,350],{},[56,31346,31348],{"className":58,"code":31347,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31349,31350],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31353,360],{"class":79},[65,31355,594],{"class":487},[65,31357,7241],{"class":491},[65,31359,594],{"class":487},[65,31361,191],{"class":79},[65,31363,603],{"class":487},[65,31365,12456],{"class":491},[65,31367,594],{"class":487},[65,31369,87],{"class":79},[65,31371,603],{"class":487},[65,31373,8877],{"class":491},[65,31375,594],{"class":487},[65,31377,191],{"class":79},[65,31379,7364],{"class":83},[65,31381,98],{"class":79},[20,31383,31384,31385,144],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[210,31386,17479],{"href":10307},[51,31388,4529,31390],{"id":31389},"when-to-use-update",[15,31391,14529],{},[20,31393,1660,31394,10177],{},[15,31395,14529],{},[33,31397,31398,31401,31404,31407],{},[36,31399,31400],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,31402,31403],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,31405,31406],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,31408,31409],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31411,31412],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[56,31414,31416],{"className":58,"code":31415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31417,31418,31454,31469,31473,31512,31516,31526],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31419,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31421,11661],{"class":71},[65,31423,76],{"class":75},[65,31425,80],{"class":79},[65,31427,488],{"class":487},[65,31429,7241],{"class":491},[65,31431,488],{"class":487},[65,31433,191],{"class":79},[65,31435,499],{"class":487},[65,31437,12456],{"class":491},[65,31439,488],{"class":487},[65,31441,87],{"class":79},[65,31443,499],{"class":487},[65,31445,8877],{"class":491},[65,31447,488],{"class":487},[65,31449,191],{"class":79},[65,31451,7364],{"class":83},[65,31453,98],{"class":79},[65,31455,31456,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31457,31458],{"class":71},"updated ",[65,31460,76],{"class":75},[65,31462,11736],{"class":71},[65,31464,144],{"class":79},[65,31466,12487],{"class":147},[65,31468,8220],{"class":79},[65,31470,31471],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31472,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,31474,31475,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31476,31477],{"class":71},"updated",[65,31479,144],{"class":79},[65,31481,30039],{"class":147},[65,31483,5098],{"class":79},[65,31485,488],{"class":487},[65,31487,8877],{"class":491},[65,31489,488],{"class":487},[65,31491,191],{"class":79},[65,31493,30052],{"class":83},[65,31495,87],{"class":79},[65,31497,499],{"class":487},[65,31499,9986],{"class":491},[65,31501,488],{"class":487},[65,31503,191],{"class":79},[65,31505,499],{"class":487},[65,31507,15606],{"class":491},[65,31509,488],{"class":487},[65,31511,30071],{"class":79},[65,31513,31514],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,31515,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,31517,31518,31520,31522,31524],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,31519,164],{"class":163},[65,31521,151],{"class":79},[65,31523,11708],{"class":147},[65,31525,157],{"class":79},[65,31527,31528,31530,31532,31534],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,31529,164],{"class":163},[65,31531,151],{"class":79},[65,31533,31477],{"class":147},[65,31535,157],{"class":79},[20,31537,350],{},[56,31539,31541],{"className":58,"code":31540,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31542,31543,31575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31544,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31546,360],{"class":79},[65,31548,594],{"class":487},[65,31550,7241],{"class":491},[65,31552,594],{"class":487},[65,31554,191],{"class":79},[65,31556,603],{"class":487},[65,31558,12456],{"class":491},[65,31560,594],{"class":487},[65,31562,87],{"class":79},[65,31564,603],{"class":487},[65,31566,8877],{"class":491},[65,31568,594],{"class":487},[65,31570,191],{"class":79},[65,31572,7364],{"class":83},[65,31574,98],{"class":79},[65,31576,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31578,360],{"class":79},[65,31580,594],{"class":487},[65,31582,7241],{"class":491},[65,31584,594],{"class":487},[65,31586,191],{"class":79},[65,31588,603],{"class":487},[65,31590,12456],{"class":491},[65,31592,594],{"class":487},[65,31594,87],{"class":79},[65,31596,603],{"class":487},[65,31598,8877],{"class":491},[65,31600,594],{"class":487},[65,31602,191],{"class":79},[65,31604,30052],{"class":83},[65,31606,87],{"class":79},[65,31608,603],{"class":487},[65,31610,9986],{"class":491},[65,31612,594],{"class":487},[65,31614,191],{"class":79},[65,31616,603],{"class":487},[65,31618,15606],{"class":491},[65,31620,594],{"class":487},[65,31622,98],{"class":79},[20,31624,31625,31626,144],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[210,31627,16173],{"href":16172},[51,31629,2396],{"id":2395},[20,31631,10323,31632,191],{},[15,31633,14529],{},[33,31635,31636,31643,31647,31650,31653],{},[36,31637,12170,31638,31640,31641],{},[15,31639,14529],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31642,3344],{},[36,31644,8030,31645,12178],{},[15,31646,14529],{},[36,31648,31649],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,31651,31652],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,31654,31655],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31657,31658],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[56,31660,31662],{"className":58,"code":31661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31663,31664,31674,31688,31702,31724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31665,31666,31668,31670,31672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31667,164],{"class":163},[65,31669,151],{"class":79},[65,31671,11025],{"class":147},[65,31673,157],{"class":79},[65,31675,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31677,164],{"class":163},[65,31679,151],{"class":79},[65,31681,1260],{"class":1259},[65,31683,151],{"class":79},[65,31685,8783],{"class":147},[65,31687,1028],{"class":79},[65,31689,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31691,164],{"class":163},[65,31693,151],{"class":79},[65,31695,7669],{"class":1259},[65,31697,151],{"class":79},[65,31699,8783],{"class":147},[65,31701,1028],{"class":79},[65,31703,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31705,164],{"class":163},[65,31707,151],{"class":79},[65,31709,11025],{"class":147},[65,31711,144],{"class":79},[65,31713,19325],{"class":147},[65,31715,151],{"class":79},[65,31717,594],{"class":487},[65,31719,14416],{"class":491},[65,31721,594],{"class":487},[65,31723,1028],{"class":79},[65,31725,31726,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,31727,31728],{"class":163},"help",[65,31730,151],{"class":79},[65,31732,8399],{"class":1259},[65,31734,144],{"class":79},[65,31736,30039],{"class":24325},[65,31738,157],{"class":79},[20,31740,31741],{},"These can help you check:",[33,31743,31744,31747,31752,31755,31758],{},[36,31745,31746],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,31748,31749,31750],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31751,14529],{},[36,31753,31754],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,31756,31757],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,31759,31760],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31762,31763,31764,144],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[210,31765,10838],{"href":10650},[51,31767,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,31769,1289,31771,31773],{"id":31770},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31772,14529],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31775,31776,31777,144],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31778,3344],{},[1286,31780,1289,31782,31784],{"id":31781},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31783,14529],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31786,31787],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1286,31789,4739,31791,31793],{"id":31790},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31792,14529],{}," add new keys?",[20,31795,31796],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1286,31798,1316,31800,31802],{"id":31799},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31801,14529],{}," with a list?",[20,31804,31805,31806,144],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31807,10670],{},[1286,31809,1299,31811,31813],{"id":31810},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31812,14529],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31815,31816,31817,31819],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31818,14529],{}," can change many keys at once.",[51,31821,1455],{"id":1454},[33,31823,31824,31828,31832,31837,31841],{},[36,31825,31826],{},[210,31827,25671],{"href":8968},[36,31829,31830],{},[210,31831,10827],{"href":10307},[36,31833,31834],{},[210,31835,31836],{"href":30661},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,31838,31839],{},[210,31840,21032],{"href":16172},[36,31842,31843],{},[210,31844,10838],{"href":10650},[1499,31846,31847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":31849},[31850,31851,31853,31854,31856,31858,31859,31860,31862,31863,31875],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":30094,"depth":101,"text":31852},"What update() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":30454,"depth":101,"text":31855},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30665,"depth":101,"text":31857},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30906,"depth":101,"text":30907},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":31389,"depth":101,"text":31861},"When to use update()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":31864},[31865,31867,31869,31871,31873],{"id":31770,"depth":126,"text":31866},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31781,"depth":126,"text":31868},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31790,"depth":126,"text":31870},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31799,"depth":126,"text":31872},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31810,"depth":126,"text":31874},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29972,"description":31876},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31882,"title":31883,"body":31884,"description":33873,"extension":1528,"meta":33874,"navigation":129,"path":22469,"seo":33875,"stem":33876,"__hash__":33877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31885,"toc":33836},[31886,31891,31898,31901,31903,32002,32004,32059,32064,32069,32083,32088,32090,32105,32107,32121,32134,32139,32145,32152,32154,32261,32263,32312,32318,32393,32395,32416,32418,32421,32526,32528,32583,32585,32613,32617,32622,32701,32703,32723,32725,32736,32746,32750,32755,32859,32861,32886,32889,32900,32905,32914,32917,32934,32936,33023,33025,33088,33090,33113,33115,33120,33126,33131,33133,33172,33178,33181,33200,33211,33217,33220,33293,33295,33314,33319,33322,33345,33351,33354,33418,33421,33498,33505,33508,33567,33573,33575,33594,33598,33601,33652,33655,33675,33677,33738,33740,33745,33750,33755,33760,33765,33770,33776,33779,33788,33796,33798,33833],[10,31887,10894,31889,18],{"id":31888},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31890,16647],{},[20,31892,31893,31894,31897],{},"The Python ",[15,31895,31896],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31899,31900],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[51,31902,1570],{"id":1569},[56,31904,31906],{"className":58,"code":31905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31907,31908,31960,31974,31978,31988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31909,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31911,12439],{"class":71},[65,31913,76],{"class":75},[65,31915,80],{"class":79},[65,31917,488],{"class":487},[65,31919,7241],{"class":491},[65,31921,488],{"class":487},[65,31923,191],{"class":79},[65,31925,499],{"class":487},[65,31927,12456],{"class":491},[65,31929,488],{"class":487},[65,31931,87],{"class":79},[65,31933,499],{"class":487},[65,31935,8877],{"class":491},[65,31937,488],{"class":487},[65,31939,191],{"class":79},[65,31941,7364],{"class":83},[65,31943,87],{"class":79},[65,31945,499],{"class":487},[65,31947,9986],{"class":491},[65,31949,488],{"class":487},[65,31951,191],{"class":79},[65,31953,499],{"class":487},[65,31955,15606],{"class":491},[65,31957,488],{"class":487},[65,31959,98],{"class":79},[65,31961,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,31963,3389],{"class":71},[65,31965,76],{"class":75},[65,31967,12482],{"class":71},[65,31969,144],{"class":79},[65,31971,4928],{"class":147},[65,31973,8220],{"class":79},[65,31975,31976],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,31977,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,31979,31980,31982,31984,31986],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31981,164],{"class":163},[65,31983,151],{"class":79},[65,31985,4928],{"class":147},[65,31987,157],{"class":79},[65,31989,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,31991,164],{"class":163},[65,31993,151],{"class":79},[65,31995,7669],{"class":1259},[65,31997,151],{"class":79},[65,31999,4928],{"class":147},[65,32001,1028],{"class":79},[20,32003,350],{},[56,32005,32007],{"className":58,"code":32006,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32008,32009,32035],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32010,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32012,16613],{"class":147},[65,32014,2552],{"class":79},[65,32016,594],{"class":487},[65,32018,12456],{"class":491},[65,32020,594],{"class":487},[65,32022,87],{"class":79},[65,32024,7364],{"class":83},[65,32026,87],{"class":79},[65,32028,603],{"class":487},[65,32030,15606],{"class":491},[65,32032,594],{"class":487},[65,32034,3457],{"class":79},[65,32036,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32038,3469],{"class":79},[65,32040,594],{"class":487},[65,32042,12456],{"class":491},[65,32044,594],{"class":487},[65,32046,87],{"class":79},[65,32048,7364],{"class":83},[65,32050,87],{"class":79},[65,32052,603],{"class":487},[65,32054,15606],{"class":491},[65,32056,594],{"class":487},[65,32058,1352],{"class":79},[20,32060,32061,32063],{},[15,32062,16647],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[51,32065,183,32067,186],{"id":32066},"what-values-does",[15,32068,16647],{},[33,32070,32071,32074,32077,32080],{},[36,32072,32073],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,32075,32076],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,32078,32079],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,32081,32082],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32084,32085,32086,144],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[210,32087,8969],{"href":8968},[51,32089,222],{"id":221},[56,32091,32093],{"className":58,"code":32092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32094,32095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32096,32097,32099,32101,32103],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32098,11025],{"class":71},[65,32100,144],{"class":79},[65,32102,4928],{"class":147},[65,32104,8220],{"class":79},[20,32106,12628],{},[33,32108,32109,32113,32116],{},[36,32110,32111,11041],{},[15,32112,16647],{},[36,32114,32115],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,32117,32118,32119],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32120,16647],{},[20,32122,32123,32124,634,32129,144],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[210,32125,32126,32128],{"href":16638},[15,32127,16641],{}," for dictionary keys",[210,32130,32131,32133],{"href":16650},[15,32132,16653],{}," for key-value pairs",[51,32135,183,32137,11280],{"id":32136},"what-values-returns",[15,32138,16647],{},[20,32140,32141,21550,32143,24339],{},[15,32142,16647],{},[15,32144,16613],{},[20,32146,32147,32148,32151],{},"This object is a ",[43,32149,32150],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32153,267],{},[56,32155,32157],{"className":58,"code":32156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32158,32159,32195,32199,32214,32225,32229,32251],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32160,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32162,12779],{"class":71},[65,32164,76],{"class":75},[65,32166,80],{"class":79},[65,32168,488],{"class":487},[65,32170,7241],{"class":491},[65,32172,488],{"class":487},[65,32174,191],{"class":79},[65,32176,499],{"class":487},[65,32178,7496],{"class":491},[65,32180,488],{"class":487},[65,32182,87],{"class":79},[65,32184,499],{"class":487},[65,32186,8877],{"class":491},[65,32188,488],{"class":487},[65,32190,191],{"class":79},[65,32192,8884],{"class":83},[65,32194,98],{"class":79},[65,32196,32197],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32198,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32200,32201,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32202,32203],{"class":71},"values_view ",[65,32205,76],{"class":75},[65,32207,12822],{"class":71},[65,32209,144],{"class":79},[65,32211,4928],{"class":147},[65,32213,8220],{"class":79},[65,32215,32216,32218,32220,32223],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32217,164],{"class":163},[65,32219,151],{"class":79},[65,32221,32222],{"class":147},"values_view",[65,32224,157],{"class":79},[65,32226,32227],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,32228,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32230,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,32232,16882],{"class":71},[65,32234,3469],{"class":79},[65,32236,488],{"class":487},[65,32238,9986],{"class":491},[65,32240,488],{"class":487},[65,32242,12848],{"class":79},[65,32244,12851],{"class":75},[65,32246,499],{"class":487},[65,32248,30218],{"class":491},[65,32250,2925],{"class":487},[65,32252,32253,32255,32257,32259],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,32254,164],{"class":163},[65,32256,151],{"class":79},[65,32258,32222],{"class":147},[65,32260,157],{"class":79},[20,32262,350],{},[56,32264,32266],{"className":58,"code":32265,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32267,32268,32286],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32269,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32271,16613],{"class":147},[65,32273,2552],{"class":79},[65,32275,594],{"class":487},[65,32277,7496],{"class":491},[65,32279,594],{"class":487},[65,32281,87],{"class":79},[65,32283,8884],{"class":83},[65,32285,3457],{"class":79},[65,32287,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32289,16613],{"class":147},[65,32291,2552],{"class":79},[65,32293,594],{"class":487},[65,32295,7496],{"class":491},[65,32297,594],{"class":487},[65,32299,87],{"class":79},[65,32301,8884],{"class":83},[65,32303,87],{"class":79},[65,32305,603],{"class":487},[65,32307,30218],{"class":491},[65,32309,594],{"class":487},[65,32311,3457],{"class":79},[20,32313,32314,32315,144],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32316,32317],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[56,32319,32321],{"className":58,"code":32320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32322,32323,32359,32378,32382],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32324,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32326,12779],{"class":71},[65,32328,76],{"class":75},[65,32330,80],{"class":79},[65,32332,488],{"class":487},[65,32334,7241],{"class":491},[65,32336,488],{"class":487},[65,32338,191],{"class":79},[65,32340,499],{"class":487},[65,32342,7496],{"class":491},[65,32344,488],{"class":487},[65,32346,87],{"class":79},[65,32348,499],{"class":487},[65,32350,8877],{"class":491},[65,32352,488],{"class":487},[65,32354,191],{"class":79},[65,32356,8884],{"class":83},[65,32358,98],{"class":79},[65,32360,32361,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32362,32363],{"class":71},"values_list ",[65,32365,76],{"class":75},[65,32367,22134],{"class":1259},[65,32369,151],{"class":79},[65,32371,16882],{"class":147},[65,32373,144],{"class":79},[65,32375,4928],{"class":147},[65,32377,6766],{"class":79},[65,32379,32380],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32381,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32383,32384,32386,32388,32391],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32385,164],{"class":163},[65,32387,151],{"class":79},[65,32389,32390],{"class":147},"values_list",[65,32392,157],{"class":79},[20,32394,350],{},[56,32396,32398],{"className":58,"code":32397,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32399,32400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32401,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32403,3469],{"class":79},[65,32405,594],{"class":487},[65,32407,7496],{"class":491},[65,32409,594],{"class":487},[65,32411,87],{"class":79},[65,32413,8884],{"class":83},[65,32415,1352],{"class":79},[51,32417,467],{"id":466},[20,32419,32420],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[56,32422,32424],{"className":58,"code":32423,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32425,32426,32480,32484,32498,32502,32512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32427,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32461,32463,32465,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32429,24371],{"class":71},[65,32431,76],{"class":75},[65,32433,80],{"class":79},[65,32435,488],{"class":487},[65,32437,24380],{"class":491},[65,32439,488],{"class":487},[65,32441,191],{"class":79},[65,32443,499],{"class":487},[65,32445,24389],{"class":491},[65,32447,488],{"class":487},[65,32449,87],{"class":79},[65,32451,499],{"class":487},[65,32453,24398],{"class":491},[65,32455,488],{"class":487},[65,32457,191],{"class":79},[65,32459,32460],{"class":83}," 2022",[65,32462,87],{"class":79},[65,32464,499],{"class":487},[65,32466,32467],{"class":491},"color",[65,32469,488],{"class":487},[65,32471,191],{"class":79},[65,32473,499],{"class":487},[65,32475,502],{"class":491},[65,32477,488],{"class":487},[65,32479,98],{"class":79},[65,32481,32482],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32483,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32485,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32487,136],{"class":71},[65,32489,76],{"class":75},[65,32491,24420],{"class":71},[65,32493,144],{"class":79},[65,32495,4928],{"class":147},[65,32497,8220],{"class":79},[65,32499,32500],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32501,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32503,32504,32506,32508,32510],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,32505,164],{"class":163},[65,32507,151],{"class":79},[65,32509,169],{"class":147},[65,32511,157],{"class":79},[65,32513,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,32515,164],{"class":163},[65,32517,151],{"class":79},[65,32519,7669],{"class":1259},[65,32521,151],{"class":79},[65,32523,169],{"class":147},[65,32525,1028],{"class":79},[20,32527,350],{},[56,32529,32531],{"className":58,"code":32530,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32532,32533,32559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32534,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32536,16613],{"class":147},[65,32538,2552],{"class":79},[65,32540,594],{"class":487},[65,32542,24389],{"class":491},[65,32544,594],{"class":487},[65,32546,87],{"class":79},[65,32548,32460],{"class":83},[65,32550,87],{"class":79},[65,32552,603],{"class":487},[65,32554,502],{"class":491},[65,32556,594],{"class":487},[65,32558,3457],{"class":79},[65,32560,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32562,3469],{"class":79},[65,32564,594],{"class":487},[65,32566,24389],{"class":491},[65,32568,594],{"class":487},[65,32570,87],{"class":79},[65,32572,32460],{"class":83},[65,32574,87],{"class":79},[65,32576,603],{"class":487},[65,32578,502],{"class":491},[65,32580,594],{"class":487},[65,32582,1352],{"class":79},[20,32584,11258],{},[33,32586,32587,32593,32599,32607],{},[36,32588,32589,32592],{},[15,32590,32591],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,32594,32595,32598],{},[15,32596,32597],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,32600,32601,32604,32605,24192],{},[15,32602,32603],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32606,16613],{},[36,32608,32609,32612],{},[15,32610,32611],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[51,32614,32616],{"id":32615},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32618,32619,32620,25640],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32621,5527],{},[56,32623,32625],{"className":58,"code":32624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32626,32627,32671,32675,32691],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32628,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32630,4632],{"class":71},[65,32632,76],{"class":75},[65,32634,80],{"class":79},[65,32636,488],{"class":487},[65,32638,17992],{"class":491},[65,32640,488],{"class":487},[65,32642,191],{"class":79},[65,32644,19473],{"class":83},[65,32646,87],{"class":79},[65,32648,499],{"class":487},[65,32650,30728],{"class":491},[65,32652,488],{"class":487},[65,32654,191],{"class":79},[65,32656,13081],{"class":83},[65,32658,87],{"class":79},[65,32660,499],{"class":487},[65,32662,18001],{"class":491},[65,32664,488],{"class":487},[65,32666,191],{"class":79},[65,32668,28495],{"class":83},[65,32670,98],{"class":79},[65,32672,32673],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32674,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32676,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32678,5527],{"class":3444},[65,32680,21159],{"class":71},[65,32682,3451],{"class":3444},[65,32684,4679],{"class":71},[65,32686,144],{"class":79},[65,32688,4928],{"class":147},[65,32690,21170],{"class":79},[65,32692,32693,32695,32697,32699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32694,7644],{"class":163},[65,32696,151],{"class":79},[65,32698,2040],{"class":147},[65,32700,157],{"class":79},[20,32702,350],{},[56,32704,32706],{"className":58,"code":32705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32707,32708,32713,32718],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32709,32710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32711,32712],{"class":83},"90\n",[65,32714,32715],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32716,32717],{"class":83},"85\n",[65,32719,32720],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32721,32722],{"class":83},"88\n",[20,32724,17285],{},[33,32726,32727,32730,32733],{},[36,32728,32729],{},"You only need the values",[36,32731,32732],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,32734,32735],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32737,32738,32739,214,32743,144],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[210,32740,10313,32741,1474],{"href":16650},[15,32742,16653],{},[210,32744,22050],{"href":32745},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[51,32747,32749],{"id":32748},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32751,1660,32752,32754],{},[15,32753,32317],{}," when you need a list.",[56,32756,32758],{"className":58,"code":32757,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32759,32760,32806,32810,32830,32834,32845],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32761,32762,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32763,32764],{"class":71},"fruit_prices ",[65,32766,76],{"class":75},[65,32768,80],{"class":79},[65,32770,488],{"class":487},[65,32772,3648],{"class":491},[65,32774,488],{"class":487},[65,32776,191],{"class":79},[65,32778,90],{"class":83},[65,32780,87],{"class":79},[65,32782,499],{"class":487},[65,32784,3657],{"class":491},[65,32786,488],{"class":487},[65,32788,191],{"class":79},[65,32790,5066],{"class":83},[65,32792,87],{"class":79},[65,32794,499],{"class":487},[65,32796,32797],{"class":491},"orange",[65,32799,488],{"class":487},[65,32801,191],{"class":79},[65,32803,95],{"class":83},[65,32805,98],{"class":79},[65,32807,32808],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32809,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32811,32812,32815,32817,32819,32821,32824,32826,32828],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32813,32814],{"class":71},"price_list ",[65,32816,76],{"class":75},[65,32818,22134],{"class":1259},[65,32820,151],{"class":79},[65,32822,32823],{"class":147},"fruit_prices",[65,32825,144],{"class":79},[65,32827,4928],{"class":147},[65,32829,6766],{"class":79},[65,32831,32832],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32833,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32835,32836,32838,32840,32843],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,32837,164],{"class":163},[65,32839,151],{"class":79},[65,32841,32842],{"class":147},"price_list",[65,32844,157],{"class":79},[65,32846,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,32848,164],{"class":163},[65,32850,151],{"class":79},[65,32852,32842],{"class":147},[65,32854,3469],{"class":79},[65,32856,1688],{"class":83},[65,32858,3457],{"class":79},[20,32860,350],{},[56,32862,32864],{"className":58,"code":32863,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32865,32866,32882],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32867,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32869,3469],{"class":79},[65,32871,1624],{"class":83},[65,32873,87],{"class":79},[65,32875,5066],{"class":83},[65,32877,87],{"class":79},[65,32879,95],{"class":83},[65,32881,1352],{"class":79},[65,32883,32884],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32885,16632],{"class":83},[20,32887,32888],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,32890,32891,32894,32897],{},[36,32892,32893],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,32895,32896],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,32898,32899],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32901,3494,32902,32904],{},[15,32903,16613],{}," is not the same as a list.",[51,32906,32908,657,32910,657,32912],{"id":32907},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32909,16647],{},[15,32911,16641],{},[15,32913,16653],{},[20,32915,32916],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,32918,32919,32924,32929],{},[36,32920,32921,32923],{},[15,32922,16647],{}," returns only the values",[36,32925,32926,32928],{},[15,32927,16641],{}," returns only the keys",[36,32930,32931,32933],{},[15,32932,16653],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32935,1694],{},[56,32937,32939],{"className":58,"code":32938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32940,32941,32977,32981,32995,33009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32942,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32944,12439],{"class":71},[65,32946,76],{"class":75},[65,32948,80],{"class":79},[65,32950,488],{"class":487},[65,32952,7241],{"class":491},[65,32954,488],{"class":487},[65,32956,191],{"class":79},[65,32958,499],{"class":487},[65,32960,12456],{"class":491},[65,32962,488],{"class":487},[65,32964,87],{"class":79},[65,32966,499],{"class":487},[65,32968,8877],{"class":491},[65,32970,488],{"class":487},[65,32972,191],{"class":79},[65,32974,7364],{"class":83},[65,32976,98],{"class":79},[65,32978,32979],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,32980,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,32982,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,32984,164],{"class":163},[65,32986,151],{"class":79},[65,32988,13200],{"class":147},[65,32990,144],{"class":79},[65,32992,16499],{"class":147},[65,32994,6766],{"class":79},[65,32996,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32998,164],{"class":163},[65,33000,151],{"class":79},[65,33002,13200],{"class":147},[65,33004,144],{"class":79},[65,33006,4928],{"class":147},[65,33008,6766],{"class":79},[65,33010,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,33012,164],{"class":163},[65,33014,151],{"class":79},[65,33016,13200],{"class":147},[65,33018,144],{"class":79},[65,33020,7384],{"class":147},[65,33022,6766],{"class":79},[20,33024,350],{},[56,33026,33028],{"className":58,"code":33027,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33029,33030,33052,33070],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33031,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33033,16590],{"class":147},[65,33035,2552],{"class":79},[65,33037,594],{"class":487},[65,33039,7241],{"class":491},[65,33041,594],{"class":487},[65,33043,87],{"class":79},[65,33045,603],{"class":487},[65,33047,8877],{"class":491},[65,33049,594],{"class":487},[65,33051,3457],{"class":79},[65,33053,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33055,16613],{"class":147},[65,33057,2552],{"class":79},[65,33059,594],{"class":487},[65,33061,12456],{"class":491},[65,33063,594],{"class":487},[65,33065,87],{"class":79},[65,33067,7364],{"class":83},[65,33069,3457],{"class":79},[65,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33073,21483],{"class":147},[65,33075,9235],{"class":79},[65,33077,594],{"class":487},[65,33079,7241],{"class":491},[65,33081,594],{"class":487},[65,33083,87],{"class":79},[65,33085,7364],{"class":83},[65,33087,10255],{"class":79},[20,33089,784],{},[33,33091,33092,33099,33106],{},[36,33093,33094,33098],{},[210,33095,33096],{"href":16638},[15,33097,16641],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,33100,33101,33105],{},[210,33102,33103],{"href":16644},[15,33104,16647],{}," when you need just the values",[36,33107,33108,33112],{},[210,33109,33110],{"href":16650},[15,33111,16653],{}," when you need both",[51,33114,1109],{"id":1108},[20,33116,33117,33118,144],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33119,16647],{},[1286,33121,29225,33123,33125],{"id":33122},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33124,16647],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33127,33128,33130],{},[15,33129,16647],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33132,16219],{},[56,33134,33136],{"className":58,"code":33135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33137,33138,33158],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33139,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33141,7884],{"class":71},[65,33143,76],{"class":75},[65,33145,1339],{"class":79},[65,33147,84],{"class":83},[65,33149,87],{"class":79},[65,33151,90],{"class":83},[65,33153,87],{"class":79},[65,33155,95],{"class":83},[65,33157,1352],{"class":79},[65,33159,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33161,164],{"class":163},[65,33163,151],{"class":79},[65,33165,7915],{"class":147},[65,33167,144],{"class":79},[65,33169,4928],{"class":147},[65,33171,6766],{"class":79},[20,33173,33174,33175,33177],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33176,16647],{}," method.",[20,33179,33180],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[56,33182,33184],{"className":58,"code":33183,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33185,33186],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33187,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33189,164],{"class":163},[65,33191,151],{"class":79},[65,33193,1260],{"class":1259},[65,33195,151],{"class":79},[65,33197,7915],{"class":147},[65,33199,1028],{"class":79},[20,33201,33202,33203,33205,33206,144],{},"If you get an ",[15,33204,25247],{},", see ",[210,33207,25255,33208,33210],{"href":25254},[15,33209,25258],{}," errors",[1286,33212,4148,33214,33216],{"id":33213},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33215,16647],{}," returns a list",[20,33218,33219],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[56,33221,33223],{"className":58,"code":33222,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33224,33225,33261,33275,33279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33226,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33228,12439],{"class":71},[65,33230,76],{"class":75},[65,33232,80],{"class":79},[65,33234,488],{"class":487},[65,33236,7241],{"class":491},[65,33238,488],{"class":487},[65,33240,191],{"class":79},[65,33242,499],{"class":487},[65,33244,12456],{"class":491},[65,33246,488],{"class":487},[65,33248,87],{"class":79},[65,33250,499],{"class":487},[65,33252,8877],{"class":491},[65,33254,488],{"class":487},[65,33256,191],{"class":79},[65,33258,7364],{"class":83},[65,33260,98],{"class":79},[65,33262,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33264,3389],{"class":71},[65,33266,76],{"class":75},[65,33268,12482],{"class":71},[65,33270,144],{"class":79},[65,33272,4928],{"class":147},[65,33274,8220],{"class":79},[65,33276,33277],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33278,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,33280,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33282,164],{"class":163},[65,33284,151],{"class":79},[65,33286,1260],{"class":1259},[65,33288,151],{"class":79},[65,33290,4928],{"class":147},[65,33292,1028],{"class":79},[20,33294,350],{},[56,33296,33298],{"className":58,"code":33297,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33299,33300],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33301,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33303,2857],{"class":75},[65,33305,2860],{"class":1632},[65,33307,603],{"class":487},[65,33309,16613],{"class":491},[65,33311,594],{"class":487},[65,33313,2869],{"class":75},[20,33315,4717,33316,33318],{},[15,33317,16613],{},", not a list.",[20,33320,33321],{},"If you need a list:",[56,33323,33325],{"className":58,"code":33324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33326,33327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33328,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33330,3389],{"class":71},[65,33332,76],{"class":75},[65,33334,22134],{"class":1259},[65,33336,151],{"class":79},[65,33338,13200],{"class":147},[65,33340,144],{"class":79},[65,33342,4928],{"class":147},[65,33344,6766],{"class":79},[1286,33346,33348,33349],{"id":33347},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33350,16613],{},[20,33352,33353],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[56,33355,33357],{"className":58,"code":33356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33358,33359,33395,33409,33413],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33360,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33362,12439],{"class":71},[65,33364,76],{"class":75},[65,33366,80],{"class":79},[65,33368,488],{"class":487},[65,33370,7241],{"class":491},[65,33372,488],{"class":487},[65,33374,191],{"class":79},[65,33376,499],{"class":487},[65,33378,12456],{"class":491},[65,33380,488],{"class":487},[65,33382,87],{"class":79},[65,33384,499],{"class":487},[65,33386,8877],{"class":491},[65,33388,488],{"class":487},[65,33390,191],{"class":79},[65,33392,7364],{"class":83},[65,33394,98],{"class":79},[65,33396,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33398,3389],{"class":71},[65,33400,76],{"class":75},[65,33402,12482],{"class":71},[65,33404,144],{"class":79},[65,33406,4928],{"class":147},[65,33408,8220],{"class":79},[65,33410,33411],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33412,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,33414,33415],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33416,33417],{"class":175},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33419,33420],{},"Convert to a list first:",[56,33422,33424],{"className":58,"code":33423,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33425,33426,33462,33480,33484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33427,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33429,12439],{"class":71},[65,33431,76],{"class":75},[65,33433,80],{"class":79},[65,33435,488],{"class":487},[65,33437,7241],{"class":491},[65,33439,488],{"class":487},[65,33441,191],{"class":79},[65,33443,499],{"class":487},[65,33445,12456],{"class":491},[65,33447,488],{"class":487},[65,33449,87],{"class":79},[65,33451,499],{"class":487},[65,33453,8877],{"class":491},[65,33455,488],{"class":487},[65,33457,191],{"class":79},[65,33459,7364],{"class":83},[65,33461,98],{"class":79},[65,33463,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33465,3389],{"class":71},[65,33467,76],{"class":75},[65,33469,22134],{"class":1259},[65,33471,151],{"class":79},[65,33473,13200],{"class":147},[65,33475,144],{"class":79},[65,33477,4928],{"class":147},[65,33479,6766],{"class":79},[65,33481,33482],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33483,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,33485,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33487,164],{"class":163},[65,33489,151],{"class":79},[65,33491,4928],{"class":147},[65,33493,3469],{"class":79},[65,33495,1688],{"class":83},[65,33497,3457],{"class":79},[1286,33499,7994,33501,10667,33503],{"id":33500},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33502,4928],{},[15,33504,16647],{},[20,33506,33507],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[56,33509,33511],{"className":58,"code":33510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33512,33513,33549,33553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33514,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33516,12439],{"class":71},[65,33518,76],{"class":75},[65,33520,80],{"class":79},[65,33522,488],{"class":487},[65,33524,7241],{"class":491},[65,33526,488],{"class":487},[65,33528,191],{"class":79},[65,33530,499],{"class":487},[65,33532,12456],{"class":491},[65,33534,488],{"class":487},[65,33536,87],{"class":79},[65,33538,499],{"class":487},[65,33540,8877],{"class":491},[65,33542,488],{"class":487},[65,33544,191],{"class":79},[65,33546,7364],{"class":83},[65,33548,98],{"class":79},[65,33550,33551],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33552,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,33554,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33556,164],{"class":163},[65,33558,151],{"class":79},[65,33560,13200],{"class":147},[65,33562,144],{"class":79},[65,33564,4928],{"class":24325},[65,33566,157],{"class":79},[20,33568,33569,33572],{},[15,33570,33571],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33574,784],{},[56,33576,33578],{"className":58,"code":33577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33579,33580],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33581,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33583,164],{"class":163},[65,33585,151],{"class":79},[65,33587,13200],{"class":147},[65,33589,144],{"class":79},[65,33591,4928],{"class":147},[65,33593,6766],{"class":79},[1286,33595,33597],{"id":33596},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33599,33600],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[56,33602,33604],{"className":58,"code":33603,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33605,33606,33638],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33607,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33609,8744],{"class":71},[65,33611,76],{"class":75},[65,33613,80],{"class":79},[65,33615,488],{"class":487},[65,33617,210],{"class":491},[65,33619,488],{"class":487},[65,33621,191],{"class":79},[65,33623,5066],{"class":83},[65,33625,87],{"class":79},[65,33627,499],{"class":487},[65,33629,154],{"class":491},[65,33631,488],{"class":487},[65,33633,191],{"class":79},[65,33635,90],{"class":83},[65,33637,98],{"class":79},[65,33639,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33641,164],{"class":163},[65,33643,151],{"class":79},[65,33645,8783],{"class":147},[65,33647,144],{"class":79},[65,33649,4928],{"class":147},[65,33651,6766],{"class":79},[20,33653,33654],{},"Not like this:",[56,33656,33658],{"className":58,"code":33657,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33659,33660,33665,33670],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33661,33662],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33663,33664],{"class":175},"# Wrong examples:\n",[65,33666,33667],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33668,33669],{"class":175},"# data().values()\n",[65,33671,33672],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33673,33674],{"class":175},"# values(data)\n",[20,33676,2906],{},[56,33678,33680],{"className":58,"code":33679,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33681,33682,33696,33706,33720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33683,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33685,164],{"class":163},[65,33687,151],{"class":79},[65,33689,1260],{"class":1259},[65,33691,151],{"class":79},[65,33693,11025],{"class":147},[65,33695,1028],{"class":79},[65,33697,33698,33700,33702,33704],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33699,164],{"class":163},[65,33701,151],{"class":79},[65,33703,11025],{"class":147},[65,33705,157],{"class":79},[65,33707,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,33709,164],{"class":163},[65,33711,151],{"class":79},[65,33713,11025],{"class":147},[65,33715,144],{"class":79},[65,33717,4928],{"class":147},[65,33719,6766],{"class":79},[65,33721,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33723,164],{"class":163},[65,33725,151],{"class":79},[65,33727,7669],{"class":1259},[65,33729,151],{"class":79},[65,33731,11025],{"class":147},[65,33733,144],{"class":79},[65,33735,4928],{"class":147},[65,33737,5859],{"class":79},[51,33739,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,33741,4711,33743,4714],{"id":33742},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33744,31896],{},[20,33746,16997,33747,33749],{},[15,33748,16613],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1286,33751,1289,33753,23506],{"id":33752},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33754,16647],{},[20,33756,23509,33757,23513],{},[15,33758,33759],{},"list(...)",[1286,33761,25632,33763,1304],{"id":33762},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33764,31896],{},[20,33766,33767,33768,25640],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33769,5527],{},[1286,33771,1289,33773,33775],{"id":33772},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33774,31896],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33777,33778],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1286,33780,33782,33783,33785,33786,1304],{"id":33781},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33784,16647],{}," different from ",[15,33787,16653],{},[20,33789,33790,33792,33793,33795],{},[15,33791,16647],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33794,16653],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[51,33797,1455],{"id":1454},[33,33799,33800,33806,33812,33816,33822,33826],{},[36,33801,33802],{},[210,33803,10313,33804,1474],{"href":16638},[15,33805,16641],{},[36,33807,33808],{},[210,33809,10313,33810,1474],{"href":16650},[15,33811,16653],{},[36,33813,33814],{},[210,33815,10818],{"href":8968},[36,33817,33818],{},[210,33819,33821],{"href":33820},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,33823,33824],{},[210,33825,23591],{"href":32745},[36,33827,33828],{},[210,33829,29922,33830],{"href":25254},[15,33831,33832],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1499,33834,33835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":33837},[33838,33839,33841,33842,33844,33845,33846,33847,33849,33860,33872],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":32066,"depth":101,"text":33840},"What values() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":32136,"depth":101,"text":33843},"What values() returns",{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":32615,"depth":101,"text":32616},{"id":32748,"depth":101,"text":32749},{"id":32907,"depth":101,"text":33848},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":33850},[33851,33853,33855,33857,33859],{"id":33122,"depth":126,"text":33852},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33213,"depth":126,"text":33854},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33347,"depth":126,"text":33856},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33500,"depth":126,"text":33858},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33596,"depth":126,"text":33597},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":33861},[33862,33864,33866,33868,33870],{"id":33742,"depth":126,"text":33863},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33752,"depth":126,"text":33865},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33762,"depth":126,"text":33867},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33772,"depth":126,"text":33869},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33781,"depth":126,"text":33871},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31883,"description":33873},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33879,"title":33880,"body":33881,"description":35312,"extension":1528,"meta":35313,"navigation":129,"path":35314,"seo":35315,"stem":35316,"__hash__":35317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33882,"toc":35264},[33883,33889,33894,33897,33913,33922,33924,33956,33962,33965,34060,34063,34068,34073,34076,34087,34089,34103,34109,34111,34116,34122,34125,34164,34172,34177,34180,34225,34228,34240,34246,34252,34256,34289,34292,34310,34313,34317,34356,34358,34378,34381,34393,34398,34404,34407,34462,34465,34476,34479,34490,34493,34497,34503,34505,34535,34538,34553,34556,34559,34578,34581,34597,34606,34608,34639,34645,34650,34653,34660,34691,34694,34716,34719,34722,34736,34740,34771,34786,34793,34800,34804,34812,34816,34824,34827,34876,34887,34889,34892,34898,34903,34913,34917,34920,34923,34927,34930,34932,34953,34957,34963,34974,34980,34982,34988,35012,35015,35078,35081,35109,35112,35174,35176,35181,35184,35191,35199,35206,35209,35217,35223,35225,35252,35261],[10,33884,3143,33886,3147],{"id":33885},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33887,33888],{},"dir()",[20,33890,31893,33891,33893],{},[15,33892,33888],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33895,33896],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,33898,33899,33902,33905,33910],{},[36,33900,33901],{},"learning Python",[36,33903,33904],{},"exploring a new object",[36,33906,33907,33908],{},"debugging an ",[15,33909,25247],{},[36,33911,33912],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33914,33915,33916,33918,33919],{},"In short, ",[15,33917,33888],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[43,33920,33921],{},"“What can I use here?”",[51,33923,1570],{"id":1569},[56,33925,33927],{"className":58,"code":33926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33928,33929,33941],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33930,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33932,7451],{"class":71},[65,33934,76],{"class":75},[65,33936,499],{"class":487},[65,33938,3412],{"class":491},[65,33940,2925],{"class":487},[65,33942,33943,33945,33947,33950,33952,33954],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,33944,164],{"class":163},[65,33946,151],{"class":79},[65,33948,33949],{"class":163},"dir",[65,33951,151],{"class":79},[65,33953,7241],{"class":147},[65,33955,1028],{"class":79},[20,33957,1660,33958,33961],{},[15,33959,33960],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33963,33964],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[56,33966,33968],{"className":58,"code":33967,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33969,33970],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33971,33972,33974,33976,33979,33981,33983,33985,33988,33990,33992,33994,33997,33999,34001,34003,34006,34008,34010,34012,34015,34017,34019,34021,34024,34026,34028,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34047,34049,34051,34053,34056,34058],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33973,3469],{"class":79},[65,33975,594],{"class":487},[65,33977,33978],{"class":491},"__add__",[65,33980,594],{"class":487},[65,33982,87],{"class":79},[65,33984,603],{"class":487},[65,33986,33987],{"class":491},"__class__",[65,33989,594],{"class":487},[65,33991,87],{"class":79},[65,33993,603],{"class":487},[65,33995,33996],{"class":491},"__contains__",[65,33998,594],{"class":487},[65,34000,87],{"class":79},[65,34002,603],{"class":487},[65,34004,34005],{"class":491},"__delattr__",[65,34007,594],{"class":487},[65,34009,87],{"class":79},[65,34011,603],{"class":487},[65,34013,34014],{"class":491},"__dir__",[65,34016,594],{"class":487},[65,34018,87],{"class":79},[65,34020,603],{"class":487},[65,34022,34023],{"class":491},"__doc__",[65,34025,594],{"class":487},[65,34027,87],{"class":79},[65,34029,34031],{"class":34030},"s_hVV"," ...",[65,34033,87],{"class":79},[65,34035,603],{"class":487},[65,34037,8217],{"class":491},[65,34039,594],{"class":487},[65,34041,87],{"class":79},[65,34043,603],{"class":487},[65,34045,34046],{"class":491},"split",[65,34048,594],{"class":487},[65,34050,87],{"class":79},[65,34052,603],{"class":487},[65,34054,34055],{"class":491},"upper",[65,34057,594],{"class":487},[65,34059,1352],{"class":79},[20,34061,34062],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[51,34064,183,34066,186],{"id":34065},"what-dir-does",[15,34067,33888],{},[20,34069,34070,34072],{},[15,34071,33888],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34074,34075],{},"It usually includes:",[33,34077,34078,34081,34084],{},[36,34079,34080],{},"attributes",[36,34082,34083],{},"methods",[36,34085,34086],{},"special Python names",[20,34088,11034],{},[33,34090,34091,34097,34100],{},[36,34092,34093,34094],{},"The result is a ",[43,34095,34096],{},"list of strings",[36,34098,34099],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,34101,34102],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34104,34105,34106,34108],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34107,33888],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[51,34110,222],{"id":221},[20,34112,34113,34115],{},[15,34114,33888],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1286,34117,34119,34121],{"id":34118},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34120,33888],{}," with no argument",[20,34123,34124],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[56,34126,34128],{"className":58,"code":34127,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34129,34130,34138,34150,34154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34131,34132,34134,34136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34133,2591],{"class":71},[65,34135,76],{"class":75},[65,34137,2153],{"class":83},[65,34139,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34141,7451],{"class":71},[65,34143,76],{"class":75},[65,34145,499],{"class":487},[65,34147,7250],{"class":491},[65,34149,2925],{"class":487},[65,34151,34152],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,34153,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34155,34156,34158,34160,34162],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34157,164],{"class":163},[65,34159,151],{"class":79},[65,34161,33949],{"class":163},[65,34163,6766],{"class":79},[20,34165,34166,34167,634,34169,34171],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34168,1742],{},[15,34170,7241],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1286,34173,34175],{"id":34174},"dirobject",[15,34176,33960],{},[20,34178,34179],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[56,34181,34183],{"className":58,"code":34182,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34184,34185,34203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34186,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34188,164],{"class":163},[65,34190,151],{"class":79},[65,34192,33949],{"class":163},[65,34194,151],{"class":79},[65,34196,488],{"class":487},[65,34198,3412],{"class":491},[65,34200,488],{"class":487},[65,34202,1028],{"class":79},[65,34204,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34206,164],{"class":163},[65,34208,151],{"class":79},[65,34210,33949],{"class":163},[65,34212,2552],{"class":79},[65,34214,84],{"class":83},[65,34216,87],{"class":79},[65,34218,90],{"class":83},[65,34220,87],{"class":79},[65,34222,95],{"class":83},[65,34224,2565],{"class":79},[20,34226,34227],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,34229,34230,34232,34234,34237],{},[36,34231,4878],{},[36,34233,4869],{},[36,34235,34236],{},"modules",[36,34238,34239],{},"custom objects",[51,34241,7994,34243,34245],{"id":34242},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34244,33888],{}," with a value",[20,34247,34248,34249,34251],{},"A common use of ",[15,34250,33888],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1286,34253,34255],{"id":34254},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[56,34257,34259],{"className":58,"code":34258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34260,34261,34274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34262,34263,34266,34268,34270,34272],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34264,34265],{"class":71},"text ",[65,34267,76],{"class":75},[65,34269,499],{"class":487},[65,34271,3412],{"class":491},[65,34273,2925],{"class":487},[65,34275,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34287],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34277,164],{"class":163},[65,34279,151],{"class":79},[65,34281,33949],{"class":163},[65,34283,151],{"class":79},[65,34285,34286],{"class":147},"text",[65,34288,1028],{"class":79},[20,34290,34291],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,34293,34294,34298,34302,34306],{},[36,34295,34296],{},[15,34297,8217],{},[36,34299,34300],{},[15,34301,34055],{},[36,34303,34304],{},[15,34305,34046],{},[36,34307,34308],{},[15,34309,8211],{},[20,34311,34312],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1286,34314,34316],{"id":34315},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[56,34318,34320],{"className":58,"code":34319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34321,34322,34342],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34323,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34325,3185],{"class":71},[65,34327,76],{"class":75},[65,34329,1339],{"class":79},[65,34331,84],{"class":83},[65,34333,87],{"class":79},[65,34335,90],{"class":83},[65,34337,87],{"class":79},[65,34339,95],{"class":83},[65,34341,1352],{"class":79},[65,34343,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34345,164],{"class":163},[65,34347,151],{"class":79},[65,34349,33949],{"class":163},[65,34351,151],{"class":79},[65,34353,3215],{"class":147},[65,34355,1028],{"class":79},[20,34357,34291],{},[33,34359,34360,34364,34368,34373],{},[36,34361,34362],{},[15,34363,13127],{},[36,34365,34366],{},[15,34367,25817],{},[36,34369,34370],{},[15,34371,34372],{},"remove",[36,34374,34375],{},[15,34376,34377],{},"sort",[20,34379,34380],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34382,34383,34384,34389,34390,34392],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[210,34385,34387],{"href":34386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34388,1869],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34391,33888],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[51,34394,7994,34396,34121],{"id":34395},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34397,33888],{},[20,34399,34400,34401,34403],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34402,33888],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34405,34406],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[56,34408,34410],{"className":58,"code":34409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34411,34412,34421,34425,34436,34448,34452],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34413,34414,34416,34418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34415,2591],{"class":71},[65,34417,76],{"class":75},[65,34419,34420],{"class":83}," 5\n",[65,34422,34423],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34424,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34426,34427,34430,34434],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,34428,34429],{"class":1632},"def",[65,34431,34433],{"class":34432},"sGLFI"," greet",[65,34435,21170],{"class":79},[65,34437,34438,34441,34443,34446],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34439,34440],{"class":3444},"    return",[65,34442,499],{"class":487},[65,34444,34445],{"class":491},"Hello",[65,34447,2925],{"class":487},[65,34449,34450],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,34451,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34453,34454,34456,34458,34460],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,34455,164],{"class":163},[65,34457,151],{"class":79},[65,34459,33949],{"class":163},[65,34461,6766],{"class":79},[20,34463,34464],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,34466,34467,34471],{},[36,34468,34469],{},[15,34470,1742],{},[36,34472,34473],{},[15,34474,34475],{},"greet",[20,34477,34478],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,34480,34481,34484,34487],{},[36,34482,34483],{},"what variables exist",[36,34485,34486],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,34488,34489],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34491,34492],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[51,34494,34496],{"id":34495},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34498,34499,34500,34502],{},"When you first use ",[15,34501,33888],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34504,267],{},[56,34506,34507],{"className":58,"code":34258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,34508,34509,34521],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34510,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34512,34265],{"class":71},[65,34514,76],{"class":75},[65,34516,499],{"class":487},[65,34518,3412],{"class":491},[65,34520,2925],{"class":487},[65,34522,34523,34525,34527,34529,34531,34533],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34524,164],{"class":163},[65,34526,151],{"class":79},[65,34528,33949],{"class":163},[65,34530,151],{"class":79},[65,34532,34286],{"class":147},[65,34534,1028],{"class":79},[20,34536,34537],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,34539,34540,34544,34548],{},[36,34541,34542],{},[15,34543,33987],{},[36,34545,34546],{},[15,34547,34023],{},[36,34549,34550],{},[15,34551,34552],{},"__len__",[20,34554,34555],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34557,34558],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,34560,34561,34565,34569,34573],{},[36,34562,34563],{},[15,34564,34055],{},[36,34566,34567],{},[15,34568,8217],{},[36,34570,34571],{},[15,34572,34046],{},[36,34574,34575],{},[15,34576,34577],{},"replace",[20,34579,34580],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,34582,34583,34591],{},[36,34584,34585,34587,34588],{},[15,34586,33888],{}," lists ",[43,34589,34590],{},"names only",[36,34592,34593,34594,34596],{},"it does ",[43,34595,45],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34598,34599,34600,144],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[210,34601,34603],{"href":34602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34604,34605],{},"help()",[20,34607,405],{},[56,34609,34611],{"className":58,"code":34610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34612,34613,34625],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34614,34615,34617,34619,34621,34623],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34616,7451],{"class":71},[65,34618,76],{"class":75},[65,34620,499],{"class":487},[65,34622,3412],{"class":491},[65,34624,2925],{"class":487},[65,34626,34627,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34628,31728],{"class":163},[65,34630,151],{"class":79},[65,34632,7241],{"class":147},[65,34634,144],{"class":79},[65,34636,34055],{"class":24325},[65,34638,157],{"class":79},[51,34640,34642,34644],{"id":34641},"dir-on-modules",[15,34643,33888],{}," on modules",[20,34646,15289,34647,34649],{},[15,34648,33888],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34651,34652],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1286,34654,34656,34657,34659],{"id":34655},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34658,17992],{}," module",[56,34661,34663],{"className":58,"code":34662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34664,34665,34673,34677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34666,34667,34670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34668,34669],{"class":3444},"import",[65,34671,34672],{"class":71}," math\n",[65,34674,34675],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34676,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34678,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,34680,164],{"class":163},[65,34682,151],{"class":79},[65,34684,33949],{"class":163},[65,34686,151],{"class":79},[65,34688,17992],{"class":147},[65,34690,1028],{"class":79},[20,34692,34693],{},"You may see names like:",[33,34695,34696,34701,34706,34711],{},[36,34697,34698],{},[15,34699,34700],{},"sqrt",[36,34702,34703],{},[15,34704,34705],{},"ceil",[36,34707,34708],{},[15,34709,34710],{},"floor",[36,34712,34713],{},[15,34714,34715],{},"pi",[20,34717,34718],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34720,34721],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,34723,34724,34730],{},[36,34725,34726],{},[210,34727,34729],{"href":34728},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,34731,34732],{},[210,34733,34735],{"href":34734},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1286,34737,34739],{"id":34738},"another-example","Another example",[56,34741,34743],{"className":58,"code":34742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34744,34745,34752,34756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34746,34747,34749],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34748,34669],{"class":3444},[65,34750,34751],{"class":71}," json\n",[65,34753,34754],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34755,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34757,34758,34760,34762,34764,34766,34769],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,34759,164],{"class":163},[65,34761,151],{"class":79},[65,34763,33949],{"class":163},[65,34765,151],{"class":79},[65,34767,34768],{"class":147},"json",[65,34770,1028],{"class":79},[20,34772,34773,34774,1491,34777,1491,34780,1494,34783,144],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34775,34776],{},"dump",[15,34778,34779],{},"dumps",[15,34781,34782],{},"load",[15,34784,34785],{},"loads",[51,34787,34789,657,34791],{"id":34788},"dir-vs-help",[15,34790,33888],{},[15,34792,34605],{},[20,34794,34795,634,34797,34799],{},[15,34796,33888],{},[15,34798,34605],{}," are often used together.",[1286,34801,34802],{"id":33949},[15,34803,33888],{},[33,34805,34806,34809],{},[36,34807,34808],{},"shows available names",[36,34810,34811],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1286,34813,34814],{"id":31728},[15,34815,34605],{},[33,34817,34818,34821],{},[36,34819,34820],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,34822,34823],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34825,34826],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[56,34828,34830],{"className":58,"code":34829,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34831,34832,34844,34848,34862],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34833,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34835,7451],{"class":71},[65,34837,76],{"class":75},[65,34839,499],{"class":487},[65,34841,3412],{"class":491},[65,34843,2925],{"class":487},[65,34845,34846],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,34847,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,34849,34850,34852,34854,34856,34858,34860],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,34851,164],{"class":163},[65,34853,151],{"class":79},[65,34855,33949],{"class":163},[65,34857,151],{"class":79},[65,34859,7241],{"class":147},[65,34861,1028],{"class":79},[65,34863,34864,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34865,31728],{"class":163},[65,34867,151],{"class":79},[65,34869,7241],{"class":147},[65,34871,144],{"class":79},[65,34873,34055],{"class":24325},[65,34875,157],{"class":79},[20,34877,1660,34878,34880,34881,34883,34884,34886],{},[15,34879,33888],{}," first to find a method name.",[1123,34882],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34885,34605],{}," to understand how to use it.",[51,34888,24933],{"id":24932},[20,34890,34891],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1286,34893,34895,34897],{"id":34894},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34896,33888],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34899,34900,34902],{},[15,34901,33888],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34904,34905,34906,34908,34909,34912],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34907,34055],{}," in ",[15,34910,34911],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1286,34914,34916],{"id":34915},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34918,34919],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34921,34922],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1286,34924,34926],{"id":34925},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34928,34929],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34931,405],{},[33,34933,34934,34939,34945],{},[36,34935,34936,34938],{},[15,34937,34911],{}," shows string-related names",[36,34940,34941,34944],{},[15,34942,34943],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,34946,34947,34950,34951,34659],{},[15,34948,34949],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34952,17992],{},[1286,34954,34956],{"id":34955},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34958,34959,34960,34962],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34961,33888],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,34964,34965,34968,34971],{},[36,34966,34967],{},"what it does",[36,34969,34970],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,34972,34973],{},"what it returns",[20,34975,34976,34977,34979],{},"That is why ",[15,34978,34605],{}," is the natural next step.",[51,34981,2396],{"id":2395},[20,34983,34984,34985,34987],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34986,33888],{}," in these situations:",[33,34989,34990,34993,35002,35005],{},[36,34991,34992],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,34994,34995,34996,35001],{},"Seeing an ",[210,34997,34999],{"href":34998},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35000,25247],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,35003,35004],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,35006,7994,35007,35009,35010],{},[15,35008,33888],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35011,34605],{},[20,35013,35014],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[56,35016,35018],{"className":58,"code":35017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35019,35020,35032,35036,35050,35064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35021,35022,35024,35026,35028,35030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35023,7451],{"class":71},[65,35025,76],{"class":75},[65,35027,499],{"class":487},[65,35029,3412],{"class":491},[65,35031,2925],{"class":487},[65,35033,35034],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35035,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35037,35038,35040,35042,35044,35046,35048],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35039,164],{"class":163},[65,35041,151],{"class":79},[65,35043,1260],{"class":1259},[65,35045,151],{"class":79},[65,35047,7241],{"class":147},[65,35049,1028],{"class":79},[65,35051,35052,35054,35056,35058,35060,35062],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35053,164],{"class":163},[65,35055,151],{"class":79},[65,35057,33949],{"class":163},[65,35059,151],{"class":79},[65,35061,7241],{"class":147},[65,35063,1028],{"class":79},[65,35065,35066,35068,35070,35072,35074,35076],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,35067,31728],{"class":163},[65,35069,151],{"class":79},[65,35071,7241],{"class":147},[65,35073,144],{"class":79},[65,35075,34055],{"class":24325},[65,35077,157],{"class":79},[20,35079,35080],{},"And for modules:",[56,35082,35083],{"className":58,"code":34662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,35084,35085,35091,35095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35086,35087,35089],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35088,34669],{"class":3444},[65,35090,34672],{"class":71},[65,35092,35093],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35094,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35096,35097,35099,35101,35103,35105,35107],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35098,164],{"class":163},[65,35100,151],{"class":79},[65,35102,33949],{"class":163},[65,35104,151],{"class":79},[65,35106,17992],{"class":147},[65,35108,1028],{"class":79},[20,35110,35111],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[56,35113,35115],{"className":58,"code":35114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35116,35117,35122,35134,35144,35158,35164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35118,35119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35120,35121],{"class":71},"python\n",[65,35123,35124,35126,35128,35130,35132],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35125,7451],{"class":71},[65,35127,76],{"class":75},[65,35129,499],{"class":487},[65,35131,3412],{"class":491},[65,35133,2925],{"class":487},[65,35135,35136,35138,35140,35142],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35137,33949],{"class":163},[65,35139,151],{"class":79},[65,35141,7241],{"class":147},[65,35143,157],{"class":79},[65,35145,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35147,31728],{"class":163},[65,35149,151],{"class":79},[65,35151,7241],{"class":147},[65,35153,144],{"class":79},[65,35155,34055],{"class":24325},[65,35157,157],{"class":79},[65,35159,35160,35162],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,35161,34669],{"class":3444},[65,35163,34672],{"class":71},[65,35165,35166,35168,35170,35172],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,35167,33949],{"class":163},[65,35169,151],{"class":79},[65,35171,17992],{"class":147},[65,35173,157],{"class":79},[51,35175,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,35177,4711,35179,4714],{"id":35178},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35180,33888],{},[20,35182,35183],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1286,35185,1299,35187,634,35189,1304],{"id":35186},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35188,33888],{},[15,35190,34605],{},[20,35192,35193,35195,35196,35198],{},[15,35194,33888],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35197,34605],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1286,35200,35202,35203,35205],{"id":35201},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35204,33888],{}," output?",[20,35207,35208],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1286,35210,4739,35212,35214,35215,1304],{"id":35211},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35213,33888],{}," help fix ",[15,35216,25247],{},[20,35218,35219,35220,144],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[210,35221,35222],{"href":34998},"object has no attribute",[51,35224,1455],{"id":1454},[33,35226,35227,35233,35238,35242,35246],{},[36,35228,35229],{},[210,35230,3143,35231,3076],{"href":34602},[15,35232,34605],{},[36,35234,35235],{},[210,35236,35237],{"href":34998},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,35239,35240],{},[210,35241,34729],{"href":34728},[36,35243,35244],{},[210,35245,34735],{"href":34734},[36,35247,35248],{},[210,35249,3143,35250,3076],{"href":34386},[15,35251,1869],{},[20,35253,35254,35255,35257,35258,35260],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35256,33888],{}," together with ",[15,35259,34605],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1499,35262,35263],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":35265},[35266,35267,35269,35274,35279,35281,35282,35288,35293,35300,35301,35311],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":34065,"depth":101,"text":35268},"What dir() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":35270},[35271,35273],{"id":34118,"depth":126,"text":35272},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34174,"depth":126,"text":33960},{"id":34242,"depth":101,"text":35275,"children":35276},"Using dir() with a value",[35277,35278],{"id":34254,"depth":126,"text":34255},{"id":34315,"depth":126,"text":34316},{"id":34395,"depth":101,"text":35280},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34495,"depth":101,"text":34496},{"id":34641,"depth":101,"text":35283,"children":35284},"dir() on modules",[35285,35287],{"id":34655,"depth":126,"text":35286},"Example: math module",{"id":34738,"depth":126,"text":34739},{"id":34788,"depth":101,"text":35289,"children":35290},"dir() vs help()",[35291,35292],{"id":33949,"depth":126,"text":33888},{"id":31728,"depth":126,"text":34605},{"id":24932,"depth":101,"text":24933,"children":35294},[35295,35297,35298,35299],{"id":34894,"depth":126,"text":35296},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34915,"depth":126,"text":34916},{"id":34925,"depth":126,"text":34926},{"id":34955,"depth":126,"text":34956},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":35302},[35303,35305,35307,35309],{"id":35178,"depth":126,"text":35304},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35186,"depth":126,"text":35306},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35201,"depth":126,"text":35308},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35211,"depth":126,"text":35310},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33880,"description":35312},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35319,"title":35320,"body":35321,"description":37140,"extension":1528,"meta":37141,"navigation":129,"path":37142,"seo":37143,"stem":37144,"__hash__":37145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35322,"toc":37109},[35323,35329,35334,35337,35345,35351,35353,35433,35435,35461,35466,35471,35476,35479,35490,35493,35495,35574,35576,35602,35609,35611,35613,35638,35641,35654,35659,35661,35742,35744,35770,35779,35784,35792,35798,35805,35808,35810,35889,35892,35949,35951,35988,35994,35999,36004,36007,36021,36023,36126,36128,36171,36180,36190,36196,36202,36209,36292,36294,36317,36320,36323,36325,36329,36333,36336,36399,36422,36425,36429,36435,36437,36504,36507,36584,36589,36595,36598,36601,36647,36649,36673,36678,36682,36687,36693,36756,36759,36761,36764,36789,36792,36927,36929,37030,37032,37037,37040,37046,37056,37064,37069,37075,37081,37083,37106],[10,35324,3143,35326,3147],{"id":35325},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35327,35328],{},"enumerate()",[20,35330,35331,35333],{},[15,35332,35328],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35335,35336],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,35338,35339,35342],{},[36,35340,35341],{},"the item itself",[36,35343,35344],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35346,35347,35348,35350],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35349,35328],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[51,35352,1570],{"id":1569},[56,35354,35356],{"className":58,"code":35355,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35357,35358,35390,35394,35417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35359,35360,35362,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372,35374,35376,35378,35380,35382,35384,35386,35388],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35361,12652],{"class":71},[65,35363,76],{"class":75},[65,35365,1339],{"class":79},[65,35367,488],{"class":487},[65,35369,492],{"class":491},[65,35371,488],{"class":487},[65,35373,87],{"class":79},[65,35375,499],{"class":487},[65,35377,511],{"class":491},[65,35379,488],{"class":487},[65,35381,87],{"class":79},[65,35383,499],{"class":487},[65,35385,502],{"class":491},[65,35387,488],{"class":487},[65,35389,1352],{"class":79},[65,35391,35392],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35393,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35395,35396,35398,35401,35403,35406,35408,35411,35413,35415],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35397,5527],{"class":3444},[65,35399,35400],{"class":71}," index",[65,35402,87],{"class":79},[65,35404,35405],{"class":71}," color ",[65,35407,3451],{"class":3444},[65,35409,35410],{"class":163}," enumerate",[65,35412,151],{"class":79},[65,35414,17077],{"class":147},[65,35416,7918],{"class":79},[65,35418,35419,35421,35423,35426,35428,35431],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35420,7644],{"class":163},[65,35422,151],{"class":79},[65,35424,35425],{"class":147},"index",[65,35427,87],{"class":79},[65,35429,35430],{"class":147}," color",[65,35432,157],{"class":79},[20,35434,350],{},[56,35436,35438],{"className":58,"code":35437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35439,35440,35447,35454],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35441,35442,35444],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35443,1688],{"class":83},[65,35445,35446],{"class":71}," red\n",[65,35448,35449,35451],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35450,84],{"class":83},[65,35452,35453],{"class":71}," green\n",[65,35455,35456,35458],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35457,1624],{"class":83},[65,35459,35460],{"class":71}," blue\n",[20,35462,1660,35463,35465],{},[15,35464,35328],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[51,35467,183,35469,186],{"id":35468},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35470,35328],{},[20,35472,35473,35475],{},[15,35474,35328],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35477,35478],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,35480,35481,35483,35485,35487],{},[36,35482,4869],{},[36,35484,4872],{},[36,35486,4878],{},[36,35488,35489],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35491,35492],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35494,267],{},[56,35496,35498],{"className":58,"code":35497,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35499,35500,35534,35538,35559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510,35512,35514,35516,35518,35521,35523,35525,35527,35530,35532],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35503,4563],{"class":71},[65,35505,76],{"class":75},[65,35507,1339],{"class":79},[65,35509,488],{"class":487},[65,35511,12456],{"class":491},[65,35513,488],{"class":487},[65,35515,87],{"class":79},[65,35517,499],{"class":487},[65,35519,35520],{"class":491},"Ben",[65,35522,488],{"class":487},[65,35524,87],{"class":79},[65,35526,499],{"class":487},[65,35528,35529],{"class":491},"Cara",[65,35531,488],{"class":487},[65,35533,1352],{"class":79},[65,35535,35536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35537,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35539,35540,35542,35544,35546,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35541,5527],{"class":3444},[65,35543,35400],{"class":71},[65,35545,87],{"class":79},[65,35547,35548],{"class":71}," name ",[65,35550,3451],{"class":3444},[65,35552,35410],{"class":163},[65,35554,151],{"class":79},[65,35556,4607],{"class":147},[65,35558,7918],{"class":79},[65,35560,35561,35563,35565,35567,35569,35572],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35562,7644],{"class":163},[65,35564,151],{"class":79},[65,35566,35425],{"class":147},[65,35568,87],{"class":79},[65,35570,35571],{"class":147}," name",[65,35573,157],{"class":79},[20,35575,350],{},[56,35577,35579],{"className":58,"code":35578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35580,35581,35588,35595],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35582,35583,35585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35584,1688],{"class":83},[65,35586,35587],{"class":71}," Ana\n",[65,35589,35590,35592],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35591,84],{"class":83},[65,35593,35594],{"class":71}," Ben\n",[65,35596,35597,35599],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35598,1624],{"class":83},[65,35600,35601],{"class":71}," Cara\n",[20,35603,35604,35605,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[210,35606,35608],{"href":35607},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[51,35610,222],{"id":221},[20,35612,1728],{},[56,35614,35616],{"className":58,"code":35615,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35617,35618],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35619,35620,35623,35625,35627,35629,35632,35634,35636],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35621,35622],{"class":163},"enumerate",[65,35624,151],{"class":79},[65,35626,3286],{"class":147},[65,35628,87],{"class":79},[65,35630,35631],{"class":8754}," start",[65,35633,76],{"class":75},[65,35635,1688],{"class":83},[65,35637,157],{"class":79},[20,35639,35640],{},"It has two parts:",[33,35642,35643,35648],{},[36,35644,35645,35647],{},[15,35646,3286],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,35649,35650,35653],{},[15,35651,35652],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35655,35656,35657,144],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35658,1688],{},[20,35660,267],{},[56,35662,35664],{"className":58,"code":35663,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35665,35666,35699,35703,35726],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35667,35668,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35669,35670],{"class":71},"letters ",[65,35672,76],{"class":75},[65,35674,1339],{"class":79},[65,35676,488],{"class":487},[65,35678,210],{"class":491},[65,35680,488],{"class":487},[65,35682,87],{"class":79},[65,35684,499],{"class":487},[65,35686,154],{"class":491},[65,35688,488],{"class":487},[65,35690,87],{"class":79},[65,35692,499],{"class":487},[65,35694,9317],{"class":491},[65,35696,488],{"class":487},[65,35698,1352],{"class":79},[65,35700,35701],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35702,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35704,35705,35707,35710,35712,35715,35717,35719,35721,35724],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35706,5527],{"class":3444},[65,35708,35709],{"class":71}," i",[65,35711,87],{"class":79},[65,35713,35714],{"class":71}," letter ",[65,35716,3451],{"class":3444},[65,35718,35410],{"class":163},[65,35720,151],{"class":79},[65,35722,35723],{"class":147},"letters",[65,35725,7918],{"class":79},[65,35727,35728,35730,35732,35735,35737,35740],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35729,7644],{"class":163},[65,35731,151],{"class":79},[65,35733,35734],{"class":147},"i",[65,35736,87],{"class":79},[65,35738,35739],{"class":147}," letter",[65,35741,157],{"class":79},[20,35743,350],{},[56,35745,35747],{"className":58,"code":35746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35748,35749,35756,35763],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35750,35751,35753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35752,1688],{"class":83},[65,35754,35755],{"class":71}," a\n",[65,35757,35758,35760],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35759,84],{"class":83},[65,35761,35762],{"class":71}," b\n",[65,35764,35765,35767],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35766,1624],{"class":83},[65,35768,35769],{"class":71}," c\n",[20,35771,35772,35773,144],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[210,35774,3143,35776,3076],{"href":35775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35777,35778],{},"range()",[51,35780,183,35782,11280],{"id":35781},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35783,35328],{},[20,35785,35786,35788,35789,144],{},[15,35787,35328],{}," returns an ",[43,35790,35791],{},"enumerate object",[20,35793,35794,35795,35797],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35796,5527],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,35799,35800],{},[36,35801,35802],{},[15,35803,35804],{},"(index, item)",[20,35806,35807],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35809,267],{},[56,35811,35813],{"className":58,"code":35812,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35814,35815,35848,35852,35874],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35816,35817,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838,35840,35842,35844,35846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35818,35819],{"class":71},"fruits ",[65,35821,76],{"class":75},[65,35823,1339],{"class":79},[65,35825,488],{"class":487},[65,35827,3648],{"class":491},[65,35829,488],{"class":487},[65,35831,87],{"class":79},[65,35833,499],{"class":487},[65,35835,3657],{"class":491},[65,35837,488],{"class":487},[65,35839,87],{"class":79},[65,35841,499],{"class":487},[65,35843,32797],{"class":491},[65,35845,488],{"class":487},[65,35847,1352],{"class":79},[65,35849,35850],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35851,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35853,35854,35856,35858,35860,35863,35865,35867,35869,35872],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35855,5527],{"class":3444},[65,35857,35400],{"class":71},[65,35859,87],{"class":79},[65,35861,35862],{"class":71}," fruit ",[65,35864,3451],{"class":3444},[65,35866,35410],{"class":163},[65,35868,151],{"class":79},[65,35870,35871],{"class":147},"fruits",[65,35873,7918],{"class":79},[65,35875,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35887],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35877,7644],{"class":163},[65,35879,151],{"class":79},[65,35881,35425],{"class":147},[65,35883,87],{"class":79},[65,35885,35886],{"class":147}," fruit",[65,35888,157],{"class":79},[20,35890,35891],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[56,35893,35895],{"className":58,"code":35894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35896,35897,35917,35921,35939],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35898,35899,35901,35903,35905,35907,35909,35911,35913,35915],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35900,3185],{"class":71},[65,35902,76],{"class":75},[65,35904,1339],{"class":79},[65,35906,1898],{"class":83},[65,35908,87],{"class":79},[65,35910,7364],{"class":83},[65,35912,87],{"class":79},[65,35914,7369],{"class":83},[65,35916,1352],{"class":79},[65,35918,35919],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,35920,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,35922,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,35924,136],{"class":71},[65,35926,76],{"class":75},[65,35928,22134],{"class":1259},[65,35930,151],{"class":79},[65,35932,35622],{"class":163},[65,35934,151],{"class":79},[65,35936,3215],{"class":147},[65,35938,1028],{"class":79},[65,35940,35941,35943,35945,35947],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35942,164],{"class":163},[65,35944,151],{"class":79},[65,35946,169],{"class":147},[65,35948,157],{"class":79},[20,35950,350],{},[56,35952,35954],{"className":58,"code":35953,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35955,35956],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35957,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35972,35974,35976,35978,35980,35982,35984,35986],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35959,21315],{"class":79},[65,35961,1688],{"class":83},[65,35963,87],{"class":79},[65,35965,5574],{"class":83},[65,35967,8812],{"class":79},[65,35969,8815],{"class":79},[65,35971,84],{"class":83},[65,35973,87],{"class":79},[65,35975,7364],{"class":83},[65,35977,8812],{"class":79},[65,35979,8815],{"class":79},[65,35981,1624],{"class":83},[65,35983,87],{"class":79},[65,35985,7369],{"class":83},[65,35987,8828],{"class":79},[20,35989,35990,35991,35993],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35992,35328],{}," produces.",[51,35995,4529,35997],{"id":35996},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35998,35328],{},[20,36000,1660,36001,36003],{},[15,36002,35328],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36005,36006],{},"Common cases:",[33,36008,36009,36012,36015,36018],{},[36,36010,36011],{},"printing numbered output",[36,36013,36014],{},"building menus",[36,36016,36017],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,36019,36020],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36022,267],{},[56,36024,36026],{"className":58,"code":36025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36027,36028,36063,36067,36097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36041,36043,36045,36047,36050,36052,36054,36056,36059,36061],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36031,29473],{"class":71},[65,36033,76],{"class":75},[65,36035,1339],{"class":79},[65,36037,488],{"class":487},[65,36039,36040],{"class":491},"Wash dishes",[65,36042,488],{"class":487},[65,36044,87],{"class":79},[65,36046,499],{"class":487},[65,36048,36049],{"class":491},"Study Python",[65,36051,488],{"class":487},[65,36053,87],{"class":79},[65,36055,499],{"class":487},[65,36057,36058],{"class":491},"Go for a walk",[65,36060,488],{"class":487},[65,36062,1352],{"class":79},[65,36064,36065],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36066,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36068,36069,36071,36073,36075,36078,36080,36082,36084,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36070,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36072,1765],{"class":71},[65,36074,87],{"class":79},[65,36076,36077],{"class":71}," task ",[65,36079,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36081,35410],{"class":163},[65,36083,151],{"class":79},[65,36085,36086],{"class":147},"tasks",[65,36088,87],{"class":79},[65,36090,35631],{"class":8754},[65,36092,76],{"class":75},[65,36094,84],{"class":83},[65,36096,7918],{"class":79},[65,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36120,36122,36124],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36100,7644],{"class":163},[65,36102,151],{"class":79},[65,36104,21869],{"class":1632},[65,36106,488],{"class":491},[65,36108,360],{"class":83},[65,36110,1807],{"class":147},[65,36112,21878],{"class":83},[65,36114,27889],{"class":491},[65,36116,360],{"class":83},[65,36118,36119],{"class":147},"task",[65,36121,21878],{"class":83},[65,36123,488],{"class":491},[65,36125,157],{"class":79},[20,36127,350],{},[56,36129,36131],{"className":58,"code":36130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36132,36133,36145,36157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36134,36135,36137,36139,36142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36136,84],{"class":83},[65,36138,144],{"class":79},[65,36140,36141],{"class":24325}," Wash",[65,36143,36144],{"class":71}," dishes\n",[65,36146,36147,36149,36151,36154],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36148,1624],{"class":83},[65,36150,144],{"class":79},[65,36152,36153],{"class":24325}," Study",[65,36155,36156],{"class":71}," Python\n",[65,36158,36159,36161,36163,36166,36168],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36160,111],{"class":83},[65,36162,144],{"class":79},[65,36164,36165],{"class":24325}," Go",[65,36167,3445],{"class":3444},[65,36169,36170],{"class":71}," a walk\n",[20,36172,36173,36174,36176,36177,144],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36175,35328],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36178,36179],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36181,36182,36183,144],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[210,36184,36186,36187,36189],{"href":36185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36188,35328],{}," in Python",[51,36191,946,36193,36195],{"id":36192},"using-the-start-argument",[15,36194,35652],{}," argument",[20,36197,36198,36199,36201],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36200,35652],{}," argument.",[20,36203,36204,36205,10667,36207,191],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36206,84],{},[15,36208,1688],{},[56,36210,36212],{"className":58,"code":36211,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36213,36214,36246,36250,36278],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36215,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36217,12652],{"class":71},[65,36219,76],{"class":75},[65,36221,1339],{"class":79},[65,36223,488],{"class":487},[65,36225,492],{"class":491},[65,36227,488],{"class":487},[65,36229,87],{"class":79},[65,36231,499],{"class":487},[65,36233,511],{"class":491},[65,36235,488],{"class":487},[65,36237,87],{"class":79},[65,36239,499],{"class":487},[65,36241,502],{"class":491},[65,36243,488],{"class":487},[65,36245,1352],{"class":79},[65,36247,36248],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36249,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36251,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36253,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36255,35400],{"class":71},[65,36257,87],{"class":79},[65,36259,35405],{"class":71},[65,36261,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36263,35410],{"class":163},[65,36265,151],{"class":79},[65,36267,17077],{"class":147},[65,36269,87],{"class":79},[65,36271,35631],{"class":8754},[65,36273,76],{"class":75},[65,36275,84],{"class":83},[65,36277,7918],{"class":79},[65,36279,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36281,7644],{"class":163},[65,36283,151],{"class":79},[65,36285,35425],{"class":147},[65,36287,87],{"class":79},[65,36289,35430],{"class":147},[65,36291,157],{"class":79},[20,36293,350],{},[56,36295,36297],{"className":58,"code":36296,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36298,36299,36305,36311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36300,36301,36303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36302,84],{"class":83},[65,36304,35446],{"class":71},[65,36306,36307,36309],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36308,1624],{"class":83},[65,36310,35453],{"class":71},[65,36312,36313,36315],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36314,111],{"class":83},[65,36316,35460],{"class":71},[20,36318,36319],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36321,36322],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[51,36324,24933],{"id":24932},[20,36326,24936,36327,144],{},[15,36328,35328],{},[1286,36330,36332],{"id":36331},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36334,36335],{},"In this loop:",[56,36337,36339],{"className":58,"code":36338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36340,36341,36361,36365,36385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36342,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36344,3185],{"class":71},[65,36346,76],{"class":75},[65,36348,1339],{"class":79},[65,36350,1898],{"class":83},[65,36352,87],{"class":79},[65,36354,7364],{"class":83},[65,36356,87],{"class":79},[65,36358,7369],{"class":83},[65,36360,1352],{"class":79},[65,36362,36363],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36364,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36366,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36368,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36370,35400],{"class":71},[65,36372,87],{"class":79},[65,36374,21159],{"class":71},[65,36376,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36378,35410],{"class":163},[65,36380,151],{"class":79},[65,36382,3215],{"class":147},[65,36384,7918],{"class":79},[65,36386,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36388,7644],{"class":163},[65,36390,151],{"class":79},[65,36392,35425],{"class":147},[65,36394,87],{"class":79},[65,36396,8010],{"class":147},[65,36398,157],{"class":79},[33,36400,36401,36411],{},[36,36402,36403,4351,36405,1491,36407,1491,36409],{},[15,36404,35425],{},[15,36406,1688],{},[15,36408,84],{},[15,36410,1624],{},[36,36412,36413,4351,36415,1491,36417,1491,36419],{},[15,36414,2040],{},[15,36416,1898],{},[15,36418,15329],{},[15,36420,36421],{},"30",[20,36423,36424],{},"These are different things.",[1286,36426,36428],{"id":36427},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36430,36431,36432,36434],{},"Each item from ",[15,36433,35328],{}," is a pair.",[20,36436,6259],{},[56,36438,36440],{"className":58,"code":36439,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36441,36442,36466,36470,36490],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36443,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36445,7353],{"class":71},[65,36447,76],{"class":75},[65,36449,1339],{"class":79},[65,36451,488],{"class":487},[65,36453,1742],{"class":491},[65,36455,488],{"class":487},[65,36457,87],{"class":79},[65,36459,499],{"class":487},[65,36461,11320],{"class":491},[65,36463,488],{"class":487},[65,36465,1352],{"class":79},[65,36467,36468],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36469,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36471,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36473,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36475,35709],{"class":71},[65,36477,87],{"class":79},[65,36479,5530],{"class":71},[65,36481,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36483,35410],{"class":163},[65,36485,151],{"class":79},[65,36487,7384],{"class":147},[65,36489,7918],{"class":79},[65,36491,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36493,7644],{"class":163},[65,36495,151],{"class":79},[65,36497,35734],{"class":147},[65,36499,87],{"class":79},[65,36501,29082],{"class":147},[65,36503,157],{"class":79},[20,36505,36506],{},"But this causes an error:",[56,36508,36510],{"className":58,"code":36509,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36511,36512,36536,36540,36565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36513,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36515,7353],{"class":71},[65,36517,76],{"class":75},[65,36519,1339],{"class":79},[65,36521,488],{"class":487},[65,36523,1742],{"class":491},[65,36525,488],{"class":487},[65,36527,87],{"class":79},[65,36529,499],{"class":487},[65,36531,11320],{"class":491},[65,36533,488],{"class":487},[65,36535,1352],{"class":79},[65,36537,36538],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36539,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36541,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36543,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36545,35709],{"class":71},[65,36547,87],{"class":79},[65,36549,29082],{"class":71},[65,36551,87],{"class":79},[65,36553,36554],{"class":71}," extra ",[65,36556,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36558,35410],{"class":163},[65,36560,151],{"class":79},[65,36562,7384],{"class":147},[65,36564,7918],{"class":79},[65,36566,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36582],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36568,7644],{"class":163},[65,36570,151],{"class":79},[65,36572,35734],{"class":147},[65,36574,87],{"class":79},[65,36576,29082],{"class":147},[65,36578,87],{"class":79},[65,36580,36581],{"class":147}," extra",[65,36583,157],{"class":79},[20,36585,28636,36586,36588],{},[15,36587,35328],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1286,36590,36592,36594],{"id":36591},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36593,35328],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36596,36597],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36599,36600],{},"Example with a string:",[56,36602,36604],{"className":58,"code":36603,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36605,36606,36632],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36607,36608,36610,36612,36614,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36628,36630],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36609,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36611,35400],{"class":71},[65,36613,87],{"class":79},[65,36615,36616],{"class":71}," char ",[65,36618,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36620,35410],{"class":163},[65,36622,151],{"class":79},[65,36624,488],{"class":487},[65,36626,36627],{"class":491},"cat",[65,36629,488],{"class":487},[65,36631,7918],{"class":79},[65,36633,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36645],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36635,7644],{"class":163},[65,36637,151],{"class":79},[65,36639,35425],{"class":147},[65,36641,87],{"class":79},[65,36643,36644],{"class":147}," char",[65,36646,157],{"class":79},[20,36648,350],{},[56,36650,36652],{"className":58,"code":36651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36653,36654,36660,36666],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36655,36656,36658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36657,1688],{"class":83},[65,36659,35769],{"class":71},[65,36661,36662,36664],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36663,84],{"class":83},[65,36665,35755],{"class":71},[65,36667,36668,36670],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36669,1624],{"class":83},[65,36671,36672],{"class":71}," t\n",[20,36674,36675,36676,144],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[210,36677,4705],{"href":5155},[1286,36679,36681],{"id":36680},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36683,36684,36685,144],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36686,35328],{},[20,36688,36689,36690,36692],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36691,5527],{}," loop:",[56,36694,36696],{"className":58,"code":36695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36697,36698,36730,36734,36746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36699,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36701,12652],{"class":71},[65,36703,76],{"class":75},[65,36705,1339],{"class":79},[65,36707,488],{"class":487},[65,36709,492],{"class":491},[65,36711,488],{"class":487},[65,36713,87],{"class":79},[65,36715,499],{"class":487},[65,36717,511],{"class":491},[65,36719,488],{"class":487},[65,36721,87],{"class":79},[65,36723,499],{"class":487},[65,36725,502],{"class":491},[65,36727,488],{"class":487},[65,36729,1352],{"class":79},[65,36731,36732],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36733,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,36735,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36737,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36739,35405],{"class":71},[65,36741,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36743,12698],{"class":71},[65,36745,5963],{"class":79},[65,36747,36748,36750,36752,36754],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36749,7644],{"class":163},[65,36751,151],{"class":79},[65,36753,32467],{"class":147},[65,36755,157],{"class":79},[20,36757,36758],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[51,36760,2396],{"id":2395},[20,36762,36763],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,36765,36766,36771,36777,36782],{},[36,36767,22675,36768,36770],{},[15,36769,35328],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,36772,36773,36774,36776],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36775,1688],{}," by default",[36,36778,7994,36779,36781],{},[15,36780,35328],{}," when only values are needed",[36,36783,36784,36785,8282,36787],{},"Confusing ",[15,36786,35328],{},[15,36788,35778],{},[20,36790,36791],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[56,36793,36795],{"className":58,"code":36794,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36796,36797,36819,36846,36880,36913],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36800,164],{"class":163},[65,36802,151],{"class":79},[65,36804,35622],{"class":163},[65,36806,2552],{"class":79},[65,36808,1898],{"class":83},[65,36810,87],{"class":79},[65,36812,7364],{"class":83},[65,36814,87],{"class":79},[65,36816,7369],{"class":83},[65,36818,2565],{"class":79},[65,36820,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36822,164],{"class":163},[65,36824,151],{"class":79},[65,36826,7669],{"class":1259},[65,36828,151],{"class":79},[65,36830,35622],{"class":163},[65,36832,2552],{"class":79},[65,36834,1898],{"class":83},[65,36836,87],{"class":79},[65,36838,7364],{"class":83},[65,36840,87],{"class":79},[65,36842,7369],{"class":83},[65,36844,36845],{"class":79},"])))\n",[65,36847,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36849,164],{"class":163},[65,36851,151],{"class":79},[65,36853,7669],{"class":1259},[65,36855,151],{"class":79},[65,36857,35622],{"class":163},[65,36859,2552],{"class":79},[65,36861,1898],{"class":83},[65,36863,87],{"class":79},[65,36865,7364],{"class":83},[65,36867,87],{"class":79},[65,36869,7369],{"class":83},[65,36871,17637],{"class":79},[65,36873,35631],{"class":8754},[65,36875,76],{"class":75},[65,36877,84],{"class":83},[65,36879,2478],{"class":79},[65,36881,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36883,5527],{"class":3444},[65,36885,35709],{"class":71},[65,36887,87],{"class":79},[65,36889,21159],{"class":71},[65,36891,3451],{"class":3444},[65,36893,35410],{"class":163},[65,36895,2552],{"class":79},[65,36897,594],{"class":487},[65,36899,210],{"class":491},[65,36901,594],{"class":487},[65,36903,87],{"class":79},[65,36905,603],{"class":487},[65,36907,154],{"class":491},[65,36909,594],{"class":487},[65,36911,36912],{"class":79},"]):\n",[65,36914,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,36916,7644],{"class":163},[65,36918,151],{"class":79},[65,36920,35734],{"class":147},[65,36922,87],{"class":79},[65,36924,8010],{"class":147},[65,36926,157],{"class":79},[20,36928,16534],{},[56,36930,36932],{"className":58,"code":36931,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36933,36934,36954,36986,37018,37024],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36935,36936,36938,36940,36942,36945,36949,36952],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36937,2857],{"class":75},[65,36939,35622],{"class":163},[65,36941,24192],{"class":1259},[65,36943,36944],{"class":71}," at ",[65,36946,36948],{"class":36947},"srjyR","0x",[65,36950,36951],{"class":34030},"...",[65,36953,2869],{"class":75},[65,36955,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,36957,21315],{"class":79},[65,36959,1688],{"class":83},[65,36961,87],{"class":79},[65,36963,5574],{"class":83},[65,36965,8812],{"class":79},[65,36967,8815],{"class":79},[65,36969,84],{"class":83},[65,36971,87],{"class":79},[65,36973,7364],{"class":83},[65,36975,8812],{"class":79},[65,36977,8815],{"class":79},[65,36979,1624],{"class":83},[65,36981,87],{"class":79},[65,36983,7369],{"class":83},[65,36985,8828],{"class":79},[65,36987,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,36989,21315],{"class":79},[65,36991,84],{"class":83},[65,36993,87],{"class":79},[65,36995,5574],{"class":83},[65,36997,8812],{"class":79},[65,36999,8815],{"class":79},[65,37001,1624],{"class":83},[65,37003,87],{"class":79},[65,37005,7364],{"class":83},[65,37007,8812],{"class":79},[65,37009,8815],{"class":79},[65,37011,111],{"class":83},[65,37013,87],{"class":79},[65,37015,7369],{"class":83},[65,37017,8828],{"class":79},[65,37019,37020,37022],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37021,1688],{"class":83},[65,37023,35755],{"class":71},[65,37025,37026,37028],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,37027,84],{"class":83},[65,37029,35762],{"class":71},[51,37031,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,37033,4711,37035,4714],{"id":37034},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37036,35328],{},[20,37038,37039],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1286,37041,1289,37043,37045],{"id":37042},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37044,35328],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37047,37048,37049,37051,37052,37055],{},"It starts at ",[15,37050,1688],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37053,37054],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1286,37057,20995,37059,10667,37061,1304],{"id":37058},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37060,35328],{},[15,37062,37063],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37065,36173,37066,37068],{},[15,37067,35328],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1286,37070,4739,37072,37074],{"id":37071},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37073,35328],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37076,37077,37078,37080],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37079,35328],{}," can return each character with its index.",[51,37082,1455],{"id":1454},[33,37084,37085,37089,37095,37102],{},[36,37086,37087],{},[210,37088,35608],{"href":35607},[36,37090,37091],{},[210,37092,3143,37093,3076],{"href":35775},[15,37094,35778],{},[36,37096,37097],{},[210,37098,37099,37100,36189],{"href":36185},"How to use ",[15,37101,35328],{},[36,37103,37104],{},[210,37105,4785],{"href":5155},[1499,37107,37108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":37110},[37111,37112,37114,37115,37117,37119,37121,37128,37129,37139],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":35468,"depth":101,"text":37113},"What enumerate() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":35781,"depth":101,"text":37116},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35996,"depth":101,"text":37118},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36192,"depth":101,"text":37120},"Using the start argument",{"id":24932,"depth":101,"text":24933,"children":37122},[37123,37124,37125,37127],{"id":36331,"depth":126,"text":36332},{"id":36427,"depth":126,"text":36428},{"id":36591,"depth":126,"text":37126},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36680,"depth":126,"text":36681},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":37130},[37131,37133,37135,37137],{"id":37034,"depth":126,"text":37132},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37042,"depth":126,"text":37134},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37058,"depth":126,"text":37136},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37071,"depth":126,"text":37138},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35320,"description":37140},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37147,"title":37148,"body":37149,"description":39665,"extension":1528,"meta":39666,"navigation":129,"path":39667,"seo":39668,"stem":39669,"__hash__":39670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37150,"toc":39622},[37151,37157,37162,37165,37173,37187,37189,37280,37288,37293,37298,37300,37316,37318,37397,37399,37416,37422,37426,37428,37449,37453,37456,37468,37472,37475,37478,37495,37498,37574,37576,37593,37598,37602,37610,37613,37628,37630,37719,37721,37766,37769,37773,37776,37855,37857,37879,37882,37889,37894,37897,38000,38002,38027,38030,38037,38043,38048,38051,38062,38168,38170,38191,38199,38206,38212,38231,38236,38239,38258,38260,38345,38347,38376,38379,38384,38389,38392,38403,38405,38494,38496,38516,38522,38628,38630,38650,38653,38737,38739,38759,38766,38768,38772,38778,38781,38838,38841,38844,38905,38914,38917,38920,38948,38951,39011,39013,39030,39034,39037,39115,39117,39137,39140,39215,39219,39222,39224,39233,39238,39240,39291,39299,39311,39316,39377,39379,39396,39400,39463,39465,39490,39498,39500,39506,39512,39519,39527,39533,39536,39543,39553,39559,39565,39568,39585,39591,39593,39619],[10,37152,3143,37154,3147],{"id":37153},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37155,37156],{},"filter()",[20,37158,37159,37161],{},[15,37160,37156],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37163,37164],{},"It takes:",[33,37166,37167,37170],{},[36,37168,37169],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,37171,37172],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37174,37175,37176,37179,37180,37183,37184,37186],{},"The result is ",[43,37177,37178],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37181,37182],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37185,24356],{}," to see the values.",[51,37188,1570],{"id":1569},[56,37190,37192],{"className":58,"code":37191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37193,37194,37227,37263],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37195,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37197,3185],{"class":71},[65,37199,76],{"class":75},[65,37201,1339],{"class":79},[65,37203,84],{"class":83},[65,37205,87],{"class":79},[65,37207,90],{"class":83},[65,37209,87],{"class":79},[65,37211,95],{"class":83},[65,37213,87],{"class":79},[65,37215,116],{"class":83},[65,37217,87],{"class":79},[65,37219,121],{"class":83},[65,37221,87],{"class":79},[65,37223,37224],{"class":83}," 6",[65,37226,1352],{"class":79},[65,37228,37229,37231,37233,37236,37238,37241,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37230,136],{"class":71},[65,37232,76],{"class":75},[65,37234,37235],{"class":163}," filter",[65,37237,151],{"class":79},[65,37239,37240],{"class":1632},"lambda",[65,37242,37244],{"class":37243},"sFwrP"," x",[65,37246,191],{"class":79},[65,37248,3448],{"class":147},[65,37250,5973],{"class":75},[65,37252,90],{"class":83},[65,37254,5978],{"class":75},[65,37256,3400],{"class":83},[65,37258,87],{"class":79},[65,37260,3833],{"class":147},[65,37262,157],{"class":79},[65,37264,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37266,164],{"class":163},[65,37268,151],{"class":79},[65,37270,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37272,151],{"class":79},[65,37274,169],{"class":147},[65,37276,758],{"class":79},[65,37278,37279],{"class":175},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37281,37282,37284,37285,37287],{},[15,37283,37156],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37286,24356],{}," to see the results.",[51,37289,183,37291,186],{"id":37290},"what-filter-does",[15,37292,37156],{},[20,37294,37295,37297],{},[15,37296,37156],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37299,1675],{},[33,37301,37302,37305,37311],{},[36,37303,37304],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,37306,37307,37308,37310],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37309,3172],{},", the item is kept",[36,37312,37307,37313,37315],{},[15,37314,3240],{},", the item is removed",[20,37317,267],{},[56,37319,37321],{"className":58,"code":37320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37322,37323,37351,37355,37383],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37324,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37326,3185],{"class":71},[65,37328,76],{"class":75},[65,37330,1339],{"class":79},[65,37332,84],{"class":83},[65,37334,87],{"class":79},[65,37336,90],{"class":83},[65,37338,87],{"class":79},[65,37340,95],{"class":83},[65,37342,87],{"class":79},[65,37344,116],{"class":83},[65,37346,87],{"class":79},[65,37348,121],{"class":83},[65,37350,1352],{"class":79},[65,37352,37353],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37354,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,37356,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37358,136],{"class":71},[65,37360,76],{"class":75},[65,37362,37235],{"class":163},[65,37364,151],{"class":79},[65,37366,37240],{"class":1632},[65,37368,37244],{"class":37243},[65,37370,191],{"class":79},[65,37372,3448],{"class":147},[65,37374,3822],{"class":75},[65,37376,95],{"class":83},[65,37378,87],{"class":79},[65,37380,3833],{"class":147},[65,37382,157],{"class":79},[65,37384,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37386,164],{"class":163},[65,37388,151],{"class":79},[65,37390,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37392,151],{"class":79},[65,37394,169],{"class":147},[65,37396,1028],{"class":79},[20,37398,350],{},[56,37400,37402],{"className":58,"code":37401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37403,37404],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37405,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37407,3469],{"class":79},[65,37409,2072],{"class":83},[65,37411,87],{"class":79},[65,37413,121],{"class":83},[65,37415,1352],{"class":79},[20,37417,37418,37419,37421],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37420,111],{}," are kept.",[51,37423,37425],{"id":37424},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37427,1728],{},[56,37429,37431],{"className":58,"code":37430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37432,37433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37434,37435,37437,37439,37442,37444,37447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37436,37182],{"class":163},[65,37438,151],{"class":79},[65,37440,37441],{"class":147},"function",[65,37443,87],{"class":79},[65,37445,37446],{"class":147}," iterable",[65,37448,157],{"class":79},[1286,37450,37451],{"id":37441},[15,37452,37441],{},[20,37454,37455],{},"This is the test function.",[33,37457,37458,37461],{},[36,37459,37460],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,37462,37463,37464,214,37466],{},"It should return ",[15,37465,3172],{},[15,37467,3240],{},[1286,37469,37470],{"id":3286},[15,37471,3286],{},[20,37473,37474],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37476,37477],{},"It can be:",[33,37479,37480,37483,37486,37489,37492],{},[36,37481,37482],{},"a list",[36,37484,37485],{},"a tuple",[36,37487,37488],{},"a string",[36,37490,37491],{},"a set",[36,37493,37494],{},"another iterable object",[20,37496,37497],{},"Example with a tuple:",[56,37499,37501],{"className":58,"code":37500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37502,37503,37528,37532,37560],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37504,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37506,3185],{"class":71},[65,37508,76],{"class":75},[65,37510,8815],{"class":79},[65,37512,1898],{"class":83},[65,37514,87],{"class":79},[65,37516,37517],{"class":83}," 15",[65,37519,87],{"class":79},[65,37521,7364],{"class":83},[65,37523,87],{"class":79},[65,37525,8884],{"class":83},[65,37527,157],{"class":79},[65,37529,37530],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37531,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,37533,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37535,136],{"class":71},[65,37537,76],{"class":75},[65,37539,37235],{"class":163},[65,37541,151],{"class":79},[65,37543,37240],{"class":1632},[65,37545,37244],{"class":37243},[65,37547,191],{"class":79},[65,37549,3448],{"class":147},[65,37551,4667],{"class":75},[65,37553,7364],{"class":83},[65,37555,87],{"class":79},[65,37557,3833],{"class":147},[65,37559,157],{"class":79},[65,37561,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37563,164],{"class":163},[65,37565,151],{"class":79},[65,37567,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37569,151],{"class":79},[65,37571,169],{"class":147},[65,37573,1028],{"class":79},[20,37575,350],{},[56,37577,37579],{"className":58,"code":37578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37580,37581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37582,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37584,3469],{"class":79},[65,37586,15329],{"class":83},[65,37588,87],{"class":79},[65,37590,8884],{"class":83},[65,37592,1352],{"class":79},[20,37594,37595,37596,144],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[210,37597,4705],{"href":5155},[51,37599,37601],{"id":37600},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37603,37604,37605,21550,37607,144],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37606,37156],{},[43,37608,37609],{},"filter object",[20,37611,37612],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,37614,37615,37618,37623],{},[36,37616,37617],{},"loop through it",[36,37619,37620,37621],{},"convert it with ",[15,37622,24356],{},[36,37624,37620,37625],{},[15,37626,37627],{},"tuple()",[20,37629,267],{},[56,37631,37633],{"className":58,"code":37632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37634,37635,37677,37681,37691,37705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37636,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37638,136],{"class":71},[65,37640,76],{"class":75},[65,37642,37235],{"class":163},[65,37644,151],{"class":79},[65,37646,37240],{"class":1632},[65,37648,37244],{"class":37243},[65,37650,191],{"class":79},[65,37652,3448],{"class":147},[65,37654,3822],{"class":75},[65,37656,90],{"class":83},[65,37658,87],{"class":79},[65,37660,1339],{"class":79},[65,37662,84],{"class":83},[65,37664,87],{"class":79},[65,37666,90],{"class":83},[65,37668,87],{"class":79},[65,37670,95],{"class":83},[65,37672,87],{"class":79},[65,37674,116],{"class":83},[65,37676,3457],{"class":79},[65,37678,37679],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37680,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,37682,37683,37685,37687,37689],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37684,164],{"class":163},[65,37686,151],{"class":79},[65,37688,169],{"class":147},[65,37690,157],{"class":79},[65,37692,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37694,164],{"class":163},[65,37696,151],{"class":79},[65,37698,1260],{"class":1259},[65,37700,151],{"class":79},[65,37702,169],{"class":147},[65,37704,1028],{"class":79},[65,37706,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,37708,164],{"class":163},[65,37710,151],{"class":79},[65,37712,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37714,151],{"class":79},[65,37716,169],{"class":147},[65,37718,1028],{"class":79},[20,37720,350],{},[56,37722,37724],{"className":58,"code":37723,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37725,37726,37740,37754],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37727,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37729,2857],{"class":75},[65,37731,37182],{"class":163},[65,37733,24192],{"class":1259},[65,37735,36944],{"class":71},[65,37737,36951],{"class":34030},[65,37739,2869],{"class":75},[65,37741,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37743,2857],{"class":75},[65,37745,2860],{"class":1632},[65,37747,603],{"class":487},[65,37749,37182],{"class":491},[65,37751,594],{"class":487},[65,37753,2869],{"class":75},[65,37755,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37757,3469],{"class":79},[65,37759,111],{"class":83},[65,37761,87],{"class":79},[65,37763,116],{"class":83},[65,37765,1352],{"class":79},[20,37767,37768],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1286,37770,37772],{"id":37771},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37774,37775],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[56,37777,37779],{"className":58,"code":37778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37780,37781,37823,37827,37841],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37782,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37784,136],{"class":71},[65,37786,76],{"class":75},[65,37788,37235],{"class":163},[65,37790,151],{"class":79},[65,37792,37240],{"class":1632},[65,37794,37244],{"class":37243},[65,37796,191],{"class":79},[65,37798,3448],{"class":147},[65,37800,3822],{"class":75},[65,37802,90],{"class":83},[65,37804,87],{"class":79},[65,37806,1339],{"class":79},[65,37808,84],{"class":83},[65,37810,87],{"class":79},[65,37812,90],{"class":83},[65,37814,87],{"class":79},[65,37816,95],{"class":83},[65,37818,87],{"class":79},[65,37820,116],{"class":83},[65,37822,3457],{"class":79},[65,37824,37825],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37826,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,37828,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37830,164],{"class":163},[65,37832,151],{"class":79},[65,37834,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37836,151],{"class":79},[65,37838,169],{"class":147},[65,37840,1028],{"class":79},[65,37842,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37844,164],{"class":163},[65,37846,151],{"class":79},[65,37848,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37850,151],{"class":79},[65,37852,169],{"class":147},[65,37854,1028],{"class":79},[20,37856,350],{},[56,37858,37860],{"className":58,"code":37859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37861,37862,37874],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37863,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37865,3469],{"class":79},[65,37867,111],{"class":83},[65,37869,87],{"class":79},[65,37871,116],{"class":83},[65,37873,1352],{"class":79},[65,37875,37876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37877,37878],{"class":79},"[]\n",[20,37880,37881],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[51,37883,7994,37885,8282,37887],{"id":37884},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37886,37156],{},[15,37888,37240],{},[20,37890,14764,37891,37893],{},[15,37892,37240],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37895,37896],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[56,37898,37900],{"className":58,"code":37899,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37901,37902,37944,37948,37986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37940,37942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37905,3639],{"class":71},[65,37907,76],{"class":75},[65,37909,1339],{"class":79},[65,37911,488],{"class":487},[65,37913,3648],{"class":491},[65,37915,488],{"class":487},[65,37917,87],{"class":79},[65,37919,499],{"class":487},[65,37921,37922],{"class":491},"kiwi",[65,37924,488],{"class":487},[65,37926,87],{"class":79},[65,37928,499],{"class":487},[65,37930,3657],{"class":491},[65,37932,488],{"class":487},[65,37934,87],{"class":79},[65,37936,499],{"class":487},[65,37938,37939],{"class":491},"fig",[65,37941,488],{"class":487},[65,37943,1352],{"class":79},[65,37945,37946],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,37947,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,37949,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37963,37965,37968,37970,37973,37975,37978,37980,37982,37984],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,37951,136],{"class":71},[65,37953,76],{"class":75},[65,37955,37235],{"class":163},[65,37957,151],{"class":79},[65,37959,37240],{"class":1632},[65,37961,37962],{"class":37243}," word",[65,37964,191],{"class":79},[65,37966,37967],{"class":163}," len",[65,37969,151],{"class":79},[65,37971,37972],{"class":147},"word",[65,37974,172],{"class":79},[65,37976,37977],{"class":75}," >",[65,37979,116],{"class":83},[65,37981,87],{"class":79},[65,37983,5738],{"class":147},[65,37985,157],{"class":79},[65,37987,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37989,164],{"class":163},[65,37991,151],{"class":79},[65,37993,7669],{"class":1259},[65,37995,151],{"class":79},[65,37997,169],{"class":147},[65,37999,1028],{"class":79},[20,38001,350],{},[56,38003,38005],{"className":58,"code":38004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38006,38007],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38008,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38010,3469],{"class":79},[65,38012,594],{"class":487},[65,38014,3648],{"class":491},[65,38016,594],{"class":487},[65,38018,87],{"class":79},[65,38020,603],{"class":487},[65,38022,3657],{"class":491},[65,38024,594],{"class":487},[65,38026,1352],{"class":79},[20,38028,38029],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38031,38032,38033,144],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[210,38034,38036],{"href":38035},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[51,38038,7994,38040,38042],{"id":38039},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38041,37156],{}," with a named function",[20,38044,38045,38046,144],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38047,37240],{},[20,38049,38050],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,38052,38053,38056,38059],{},[36,38054,38055],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,38057,38058],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,38060,38061],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[56,38063,38065],{"className":58,"code":38064,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38066,38067,38080,38095,38099,38131,38150,38154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38068,38069,38071,38074,38076,38078],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38070,34429],{"class":1632},[65,38072,38073],{"class":34432}," is_even",[65,38075,151],{"class":79},[65,38077,1807],{"class":37243},[65,38079,7918],{"class":79},[65,38081,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38083,34440],{"class":3444},[65,38085,5956],{"class":71},[65,38087,5973],{"class":75},[65,38089,90],{"class":83},[65,38091,5978],{"class":75},[65,38093,38094],{"class":83}," 0\n",[65,38096,38097],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,38098,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38100,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38102,3185],{"class":71},[65,38104,76],{"class":75},[65,38106,1339],{"class":79},[65,38108,84],{"class":83},[65,38110,87],{"class":79},[65,38112,90],{"class":83},[65,38114,87],{"class":79},[65,38116,95],{"class":83},[65,38118,87],{"class":79},[65,38120,116],{"class":83},[65,38122,87],{"class":79},[65,38124,121],{"class":83},[65,38126,87],{"class":79},[65,38128,37224],{"class":83},[65,38130,1352],{"class":79},[65,38132,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38144,38146,38148],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,38134,136],{"class":71},[65,38136,76],{"class":75},[65,38138,37235],{"class":163},[65,38140,151],{"class":79},[65,38142,38143],{"class":147},"is_even",[65,38145,87],{"class":79},[65,38147,3833],{"class":147},[65,38149,157],{"class":79},[65,38151,38152],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,38153,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,38157,164],{"class":163},[65,38159,151],{"class":79},[65,38161,7669],{"class":1259},[65,38163,151],{"class":79},[65,38165,169],{"class":147},[65,38167,1028],{"class":79},[20,38169,350],{},[56,38171,38173],{"className":58,"code":38172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38174,38175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38176,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38178,3469],{"class":79},[65,38180,1624],{"class":83},[65,38182,87],{"class":79},[65,38184,116],{"class":83},[65,38186,87],{"class":79},[65,38188,37224],{"class":83},[65,38190,1352],{"class":79},[20,38192,20346,38193,1965,38196,38198],{},[15,38194,38195],{},"is_even()",[15,38197,3172],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[51,38200,7994,38202,8282,38204],{"id":38201},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38203,3344],{},[15,38205,37156],{},[20,38207,38208,38209,38211],{},"You can pass ",[15,38210,3344],{}," as the first argument:",[56,38213,38215],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38216,38217],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38218,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38220,37182],{"class":163},[65,38222,151],{"class":79},[65,38224,3344],{"class":3419},[65,38226,87],{"class":79},[65,38228,37446],{"class":147},[65,38230,157],{"class":79},[20,38232,38233,38234,6912],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[43,38235,5165],{},[20,38237,38238],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,38240,38241,38245,38250,38254],{},[36,38242,38243],{},[15,38244,1688],{},[36,38246,38247,38249],{},[15,38248,3339],{}," (empty string)",[36,38251,38252],{},[15,38253,3344],{},[36,38255,38256],{},[15,38257,3240],{},[20,38259,267],{},[56,38261,38263],{"className":58,"code":38262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38264,38265,38309,38313,38331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38266,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38268,7353],{"class":71},[65,38270,76],{"class":75},[65,38272,1339],{"class":79},[65,38274,1688],{"class":83},[65,38276,87],{"class":79},[65,38278,5066],{"class":83},[65,38280,87],{"class":79},[65,38282,5696],{"class":487},[65,38284,87],{"class":79},[65,38286,499],{"class":487},[65,38288,3412],{"class":491},[65,38290,488],{"class":487},[65,38292,87],{"class":79},[65,38294,3420],{"class":3419},[65,38296,87],{"class":79},[65,38298,3485],{"class":3419},[65,38300,87],{"class":79},[65,38302,3476],{"class":3419},[65,38304,87],{"class":79},[65,38306,121],{"class":83},[65,38308,1352],{"class":79},[65,38310,38311],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38312,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38314,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,38316,136],{"class":71},[65,38318,76],{"class":75},[65,38320,37235],{"class":163},[65,38322,151],{"class":79},[65,38324,3344],{"class":3419},[65,38326,87],{"class":79},[65,38328,5535],{"class":147},[65,38330,157],{"class":79},[65,38332,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38334,164],{"class":163},[65,38336,151],{"class":79},[65,38338,7669],{"class":1259},[65,38340,151],{"class":79},[65,38342,169],{"class":147},[65,38344,1028],{"class":79},[20,38346,350],{},[56,38348,38350],{"className":58,"code":38349,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38351,38352],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38353,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38355,3469],{"class":79},[65,38357,84],{"class":83},[65,38359,87],{"class":79},[65,38361,603],{"class":487},[65,38363,3412],{"class":491},[65,38365,594],{"class":487},[65,38367,87],{"class":79},[65,38369,3485],{"class":3419},[65,38371,87],{"class":79},[65,38373,121],{"class":83},[65,38375,1352],{"class":79},[20,38377,38378],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[51,38380,4529,38382],{"id":38381},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38383,37156],{},[20,38385,1660,38386,38388],{},[15,38387,37156],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38390,38391],{},"It works well for:",[33,38393,38394,38397,38400],{},[36,38395,38396],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,38398,38399],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,38401,38402],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38404,267],{},[56,38406,38408],{"className":58,"code":38407,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38409,38410,38442,38475,38479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38411,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38413,3185],{"class":71},[65,38415,76],{"class":75},[65,38417,1339],{"class":79},[65,38419,84],{"class":83},[65,38421,87],{"class":79},[65,38423,90],{"class":83},[65,38425,87],{"class":79},[65,38427,95],{"class":83},[65,38429,87],{"class":79},[65,38431,116],{"class":83},[65,38433,87],{"class":79},[65,38435,121],{"class":83},[65,38437,87],{"class":79},[65,38439,37224],{"class":83},[65,38441,1352],{"class":79},[65,38443,38444,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38445,38446],{"class":71},"evens ",[65,38448,76],{"class":75},[65,38450,37235],{"class":163},[65,38452,151],{"class":79},[65,38454,37240],{"class":1632},[65,38456,37244],{"class":37243},[65,38458,191],{"class":79},[65,38460,3448],{"class":147},[65,38462,5973],{"class":75},[65,38464,90],{"class":83},[65,38466,5978],{"class":75},[65,38468,3400],{"class":83},[65,38470,87],{"class":79},[65,38472,3833],{"class":147},[65,38474,157],{"class":79},[65,38476,38477],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,38478,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38480,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38482,164],{"class":163},[65,38484,151],{"class":79},[65,38486,7669],{"class":1259},[65,38488,151],{"class":79},[65,38490,38491],{"class":147},"evens",[65,38493,1028],{"class":79},[20,38495,350],{},[56,38497,38498],{"className":58,"code":38172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,38499,38500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38501,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38503,3469],{"class":79},[65,38505,1624],{"class":83},[65,38507,87],{"class":79},[65,38509,116],{"class":83},[65,38511,87],{"class":79},[65,38513,37224],{"class":83},[65,38515,1352],{"class":79},[20,38517,38518,38519,38521],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38520,5527],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[56,38523,38525],{"className":58,"code":38524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38526,38527,38559,38567,38571,38583,38599,38614,38618],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38530,3185],{"class":71},[65,38532,76],{"class":75},[65,38534,1339],{"class":79},[65,38536,84],{"class":83},[65,38538,87],{"class":79},[65,38540,90],{"class":83},[65,38542,87],{"class":79},[65,38544,95],{"class":83},[65,38546,87],{"class":79},[65,38548,116],{"class":83},[65,38550,87],{"class":79},[65,38552,121],{"class":83},[65,38554,87],{"class":79},[65,38556,37224],{"class":83},[65,38558,1352],{"class":79},[65,38560,38561,38563,38565],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38562,38446],{"class":71},[65,38564,76],{"class":75},[65,38566,7413],{"class":79},[65,38568,38569],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,38570,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38572,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38574,5527],{"class":3444},[65,38576,5956],{"class":71},[65,38578,3451],{"class":3444},[65,38580,3833],{"class":71},[65,38582,5963],{"class":79},[65,38584,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,38586,5968],{"class":3444},[65,38588,5956],{"class":71},[65,38590,5973],{"class":75},[65,38592,90],{"class":83},[65,38594,5978],{"class":75},[65,38596,3400],{"class":83},[65,38598,5963],{"class":79},[65,38600,38601,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,38602,38603],{"class":71},"        evens",[65,38605,144],{"class":79},[65,38607,13127],{"class":147},[65,38609,151],{"class":79},[65,38611,1807],{"class":147},[65,38613,157],{"class":79},[65,38615,38616],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,38617,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38619,38620,38622,38624,38626],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,38621,164],{"class":163},[65,38623,151],{"class":79},[65,38625,38491],{"class":147},[65,38627,157],{"class":79},[20,38629,350],{},[56,38631,38632],{"className":58,"code":38172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,38633,38634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38635,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38637,3469],{"class":79},[65,38639,1624],{"class":83},[65,38641,87],{"class":79},[65,38643,116],{"class":83},[65,38645,87],{"class":79},[65,38647,37224],{"class":83},[65,38649,1352],{"class":79},[20,38651,38652],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[56,38654,38656],{"className":58,"code":38655,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38657,38658,38690,38723,38727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38659,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38661,3185],{"class":71},[65,38663,76],{"class":75},[65,38665,1339],{"class":79},[65,38667,84],{"class":83},[65,38669,87],{"class":79},[65,38671,90],{"class":83},[65,38673,87],{"class":79},[65,38675,95],{"class":83},[65,38677,87],{"class":79},[65,38679,116],{"class":83},[65,38681,87],{"class":79},[65,38683,121],{"class":83},[65,38685,87],{"class":79},[65,38687,37224],{"class":83},[65,38689,1352],{"class":79},[65,38691,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38693,38446],{"class":71},[65,38695,76],{"class":75},[65,38697,1339],{"class":79},[65,38699,1785],{"class":71},[65,38701,5527],{"class":3444},[65,38703,5956],{"class":71},[65,38705,3451],{"class":3444},[65,38707,38708],{"class":71}," numbers ",[65,38710,6569],{"class":3444},[65,38712,5956],{"class":71},[65,38714,5973],{"class":75},[65,38716,90],{"class":83},[65,38718,5978],{"class":75},[65,38720,3400],{"class":83},[65,38722,1352],{"class":79},[65,38724,38725],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,38726,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,38728,38729,38731,38733,38735],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38730,164],{"class":163},[65,38732,151],{"class":79},[65,38734,38491],{"class":147},[65,38736,157],{"class":79},[20,38738,350],{},[56,38740,38741],{"className":58,"code":38172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,38742,38743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38744,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38746,3469],{"class":79},[65,38748,1624],{"class":83},[65,38750,87],{"class":79},[65,38752,116],{"class":83},[65,38754,87],{"class":79},[65,38756,37224],{"class":83},[65,38758,1352],{"class":79},[20,38760,38761,38762,144],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[210,38763,38765],{"href":38764},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[51,38767,2396],{"id":2395},[20,38769,14308,38770,144],{},[15,38771,37156],{},[1286,38773,8030,38775,38777],{"id":38774},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38776,37156],{}," to return a list",[20,38779,38780],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[56,38782,38784],{"className":58,"code":38783,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38785,38786,38828],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38787,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38789,136],{"class":71},[65,38791,76],{"class":75},[65,38793,37235],{"class":163},[65,38795,151],{"class":79},[65,38797,37240],{"class":1632},[65,38799,37244],{"class":37243},[65,38801,191],{"class":79},[65,38803,3448],{"class":147},[65,38805,3822],{"class":75},[65,38807,90],{"class":83},[65,38809,87],{"class":79},[65,38811,1339],{"class":79},[65,38813,84],{"class":83},[65,38815,87],{"class":79},[65,38817,90],{"class":83},[65,38819,87],{"class":79},[65,38821,95],{"class":83},[65,38823,87],{"class":79},[65,38825,116],{"class":83},[65,38827,3457],{"class":79},[65,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38831,164],{"class":163},[65,38833,151],{"class":79},[65,38835,169],{"class":147},[65,38837,157],{"class":79},[20,38839,38840],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38842,38843],{},"Fix:",[56,38845,38847],{"className":58,"code":38846,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38848,38849,38891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38850,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38852,136],{"class":71},[65,38854,76],{"class":75},[65,38856,37235],{"class":163},[65,38858,151],{"class":79},[65,38860,37240],{"class":1632},[65,38862,37244],{"class":37243},[65,38864,191],{"class":79},[65,38866,3448],{"class":147},[65,38868,3822],{"class":75},[65,38870,90],{"class":83},[65,38872,87],{"class":79},[65,38874,1339],{"class":79},[65,38876,84],{"class":83},[65,38878,87],{"class":79},[65,38880,90],{"class":83},[65,38882,87],{"class":79},[65,38884,95],{"class":83},[65,38886,87],{"class":79},[65,38888,116],{"class":83},[65,38890,3457],{"class":79},[65,38892,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38894,164],{"class":163},[65,38896,151],{"class":79},[65,38898,7669],{"class":1259},[65,38900,151],{"class":79},[65,38902,169],{"class":147},[65,38904,1028],{"class":79},[1286,38906,38908,38909,214,38911,38913],{"id":38907},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38910,3172],{},[15,38912,3240],{}," clearly",[20,38915,38916],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38918,38919],{},"Good example:",[56,38921,38923],{"className":58,"code":38922,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38924,38925,38938],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38926,38927,38929,38932,38934,38936],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38928,34429],{"class":1632},[65,38930,38931],{"class":34432}," is_positive",[65,38933,151],{"class":79},[65,38935,1807],{"class":37243},[65,38937,7918],{"class":79},[65,38939,38940,38942,38944,38946],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38941,34440],{"class":3444},[65,38943,5956],{"class":71},[65,38945,3822],{"class":75},[65,38947,38094],{"class":83},[20,38949,38950],{},"Then use it with:",[56,38952,38954],{"className":58,"code":38953,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38955,38956,38988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38957,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38959,3185],{"class":71},[65,38961,76],{"class":75},[65,38963,1339],{"class":79},[65,38965,1589],{"class":75},[65,38967,1624],{"class":83},[65,38969,87],{"class":79},[65,38971,1790],{"class":75},[65,38973,84],{"class":83},[65,38975,87],{"class":79},[65,38977,3400],{"class":83},[65,38979,87],{"class":79},[65,38981,5066],{"class":83},[65,38983,87],{"class":79},[65,38985,90],{"class":83},[65,38987,1352],{"class":79},[65,38989,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39005,39007,39009],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,38991,164],{"class":163},[65,38993,151],{"class":79},[65,38995,7669],{"class":1259},[65,38997,151],{"class":79},[65,38999,37182],{"class":163},[65,39001,151],{"class":79},[65,39003,39004],{"class":147},"is_positive",[65,39006,87],{"class":79},[65,39008,3833],{"class":147},[65,39010,2478],{"class":79},[20,39012,350],{},[56,39014,39016],{"className":58,"code":39015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39017,39018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39019,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39021,3469],{"class":79},[65,39023,84],{"class":83},[65,39025,87],{"class":79},[65,39027,90],{"class":83},[65,39029,1352],{"class":79},[1286,39031,39033],{"id":39032},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39035,39036],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[56,39038,39039],{"className":58,"code":37778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,39040,39041,39083,39087,39101],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39042,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39044,136],{"class":71},[65,39046,76],{"class":75},[65,39048,37235],{"class":163},[65,39050,151],{"class":79},[65,39052,37240],{"class":1632},[65,39054,37244],{"class":37243},[65,39056,191],{"class":79},[65,39058,3448],{"class":147},[65,39060,3822],{"class":75},[65,39062,90],{"class":83},[65,39064,87],{"class":79},[65,39066,1339],{"class":79},[65,39068,84],{"class":83},[65,39070,87],{"class":79},[65,39072,90],{"class":83},[65,39074,87],{"class":79},[65,39076,95],{"class":83},[65,39078,87],{"class":79},[65,39080,116],{"class":83},[65,39082,3457],{"class":79},[65,39084,39085],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39086,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,39088,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,39090,164],{"class":163},[65,39092,151],{"class":79},[65,39094,7669],{"class":1259},[65,39096,151],{"class":79},[65,39098,169],{"class":147},[65,39100,1028],{"class":79},[65,39102,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39104,164],{"class":163},[65,39106,151],{"class":79},[65,39108,7669],{"class":1259},[65,39110,151],{"class":79},[65,39112,169],{"class":147},[65,39114,1028],{"class":79},[20,39116,350],{},[56,39118,39119],{"className":58,"code":37859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,39120,39121,39133],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39122,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39124,3469],{"class":79},[65,39126,111],{"class":83},[65,39128,87],{"class":79},[65,39130,116],{"class":83},[65,39132,1352],{"class":79},[65,39134,39135],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39136,37878],{"class":79},[20,39138,39139],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[56,39141,39143],{"className":58,"code":39142,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39144,39145,39191,39195,39205],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39148,136],{"class":71},[65,39150,76],{"class":75},[65,39152,22134],{"class":1259},[65,39154,151],{"class":79},[65,39156,37182],{"class":163},[65,39158,151],{"class":79},[65,39160,37240],{"class":1632},[65,39162,37244],{"class":37243},[65,39164,191],{"class":79},[65,39166,3448],{"class":147},[65,39168,3822],{"class":75},[65,39170,90],{"class":83},[65,39172,87],{"class":79},[65,39174,1339],{"class":79},[65,39176,84],{"class":83},[65,39178,87],{"class":79},[65,39180,90],{"class":83},[65,39182,87],{"class":79},[65,39184,95],{"class":83},[65,39186,87],{"class":79},[65,39188,116],{"class":83},[65,39190,2565],{"class":79},[65,39192,39193],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39194,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,39196,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,39198,164],{"class":163},[65,39200,151],{"class":79},[65,39202,169],{"class":147},[65,39204,157],{"class":79},[65,39206,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39208,164],{"class":163},[65,39210,151],{"class":79},[65,39212,169],{"class":147},[65,39214,157],{"class":79},[1286,39216,39218],{"id":39217},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39220,39221],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39223,16219],{},[56,39225,39227],{"className":58,"code":39226,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39228,39229],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39230,39231],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39232,39226],{"class":175},[20,39234,39235,39236,6122],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39237,1898],{},[20,39239,16231],{},[56,39241,39243],{"className":58,"code":39242,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39244,39245],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39246,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39248,164],{"class":163},[65,39250,151],{"class":79},[65,39252,7669],{"class":1259},[65,39254,151],{"class":79},[65,39256,37182],{"class":163},[65,39258,151],{"class":79},[65,39260,37240],{"class":1632},[65,39262,37244],{"class":37243},[65,39264,191],{"class":79},[65,39266,3448],{"class":147},[65,39268,3822],{"class":75},[65,39270,90],{"class":83},[65,39272,87],{"class":79},[65,39274,1339],{"class":79},[65,39276,84],{"class":83},[65,39278,87],{"class":79},[65,39280,90],{"class":83},[65,39282,87],{"class":79},[65,39284,95],{"class":83},[65,39286,87],{"class":79},[65,39288,116],{"class":83},[65,39290,36845],{"class":79},[1286,39292,36784,39294,8282,39296],{"id":39293},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39295,37156],{},[15,39297,39298],{},"map()",[33,39300,39301,39306],{},[36,39302,39303,39305],{},[15,39304,37156],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,39307,39308,39310],{},[15,39309,39298],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39312,39313,39314,191],{},"Example of ",[15,39315,37156],{},[56,39317,39319],{"className":58,"code":39318,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39320,39321,39345],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39322,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39324,3185],{"class":71},[65,39326,76],{"class":75},[65,39328,1339],{"class":79},[65,39330,84],{"class":83},[65,39332,87],{"class":79},[65,39334,90],{"class":83},[65,39336,87],{"class":79},[65,39338,95],{"class":83},[65,39340,87],{"class":79},[65,39342,116],{"class":83},[65,39344,1352],{"class":79},[65,39346,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39348,164],{"class":163},[65,39350,151],{"class":79},[65,39352,7669],{"class":1259},[65,39354,151],{"class":79},[65,39356,37182],{"class":163},[65,39358,151],{"class":79},[65,39360,37240],{"class":1632},[65,39362,37244],{"class":37243},[65,39364,191],{"class":79},[65,39366,3448],{"class":147},[65,39368,3822],{"class":75},[65,39370,90],{"class":83},[65,39372,87],{"class":79},[65,39374,3833],{"class":147},[65,39376,2478],{"class":79},[20,39378,350],{},[56,39380,39382],{"className":58,"code":39381,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39383,39384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39385,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39387,3469],{"class":79},[65,39389,111],{"class":83},[65,39391,87],{"class":79},[65,39393,116],{"class":83},[65,39395,1352],{"class":79},[20,39397,39313,39398,191],{},[15,39399,39298],{},[56,39401,39403],{"className":58,"code":39402,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39404,39405,39429],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39406,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39408,3185],{"class":71},[65,39410,76],{"class":75},[65,39412,1339],{"class":79},[65,39414,84],{"class":83},[65,39416,87],{"class":79},[65,39418,90],{"class":83},[65,39420,87],{"class":79},[65,39422,95],{"class":83},[65,39424,87],{"class":79},[65,39426,116],{"class":83},[65,39428,1352],{"class":79},[65,39430,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39455,39457,39459,39461],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39432,164],{"class":163},[65,39434,151],{"class":79},[65,39436,7669],{"class":1259},[65,39438,151],{"class":79},[65,39440,39441],{"class":163},"map",[65,39443,151],{"class":79},[65,39445,37240],{"class":1632},[65,39447,37244],{"class":37243},[65,39449,191],{"class":79},[65,39451,3448],{"class":147},[65,39453,39454],{"class":75},"*",[65,39456,90],{"class":83},[65,39458,87],{"class":79},[65,39460,3833],{"class":147},[65,39462,2478],{"class":79},[20,39464,350],{},[56,39466,39468],{"className":58,"code":39467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39469,39470],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39471,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39473,3469],{"class":79},[65,39475,1624],{"class":83},[65,39477,87],{"class":79},[65,39479,116],{"class":83},[65,39481,87],{"class":79},[65,39483,37224],{"class":83},[65,39485,87],{"class":79},[65,39487,5929],{"class":83},[65,39489,1352],{"class":79},[20,39491,39492,39493,144],{},"For the related function, see ",[210,39494,3143,39496,3076],{"href":39495},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39497,39298],{},[51,39499,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,39501,1289,39503,39505],{"id":39502},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39504,37156],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39507,39508,39509,39511],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39510,24356],{}," if needed.",[1286,39513,39515,39516,39518],{"id":39514},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39517,37156],{}," need to return?",[20,39520,37463,39521,39523,39524,39526],{},[15,39522,3172],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39525,3240],{}," to remove it.",[1286,39528,1316,39530,39532],{"id":39529},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39531,37156],{}," without lambda?",[20,39534,39535],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1286,39537,4711,39539,39542],{"id":39538},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39540,39541],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39544,39545,39546,39548,39549,1494,39551,144],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39547,1688],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39550,3344],{},[15,39552,3240],{},[1286,39554,20995,39556,39558],{"id":39555},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39557,37156],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39560,39561,39562,39564],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39563,5527],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39566,39567],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,39569,39570,39576,39582],{},[36,39571,39572,39573,39575],{},"use ",[15,39574,37156],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,39577,39578,39579,39581],{},"use a ",[15,39580,5527],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,39583,39584],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39586,39587,39588,144],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[210,39589,4701],{"href":39590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[51,39592,1455],{"id":1454},[33,39594,39595,39600,39604,39609,39615],{},[36,39596,39597],{},[210,39598,39599],{"href":38035},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,39601,39602],{},[210,39603,4790],{"href":39590},[36,39605,39606],{},[210,39607,39608],{"href":38764},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,39610,39611],{},[210,39612,3143,39613,3076],{"href":39495},[15,39614,39298],{},[36,39616,39617],{},[210,39618,4785],{"href":5155},[1499,39620,39621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":39623},[39624,39625,39627,39631,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39652,39664],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":37290,"depth":101,"text":39626},"What filter() does",{"id":37424,"depth":101,"text":37425,"children":39628},[39629,39630],{"id":37441,"depth":126,"text":37441},{"id":3286,"depth":126,"text":3286},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601,"children":39632},[39633],{"id":37771,"depth":126,"text":37772},{"id":37884,"depth":101,"text":39635},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38039,"depth":101,"text":39637},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38201,"depth":101,"text":39639},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38381,"depth":101,"text":39641},"When to use filter()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":39643},[39644,39646,39648,39649,39650],{"id":38774,"depth":126,"text":39645},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38907,"depth":126,"text":39647},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39032,"depth":126,"text":39033},{"id":39217,"depth":126,"text":39218},{"id":39293,"depth":126,"text":39651},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":39653},[39654,39656,39658,39660,39662],{"id":39502,"depth":126,"text":39655},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39514,"depth":126,"text":39657},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39529,"depth":126,"text":39659},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39538,"depth":126,"text":39661},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39555,"depth":126,"text":39663},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37148,"description":39665},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39672,"title":39673,"body":39674,"description":41827,"extension":1528,"meta":41828,"navigation":129,"path":41829,"seo":41830,"stem":41831,"__hash__":41832},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39675,"toc":41781},[39676,39679,39684,39690,39692,39744,39746,39765,39770,39774,39779,39782,39797,39800,39822,39824,39873,39875,39899,39901,39903,39918,39923,39931,39946,39948,39957,39960,39995,39999,40004,40008,40015,40050,40052,40068,40072,40075,40116,40118,40132,40136,40139,40163,40165,40174,40178,40181,40214,40216,40229,40233,40239,40258,40260,40268,40272,40277,40281,40287,40310,40312,40341,40344,40363,40367,40370,40397,40399,40433,40437,40440,40464,40468,40479,40481,40486,40492,40494,40578,40580,40622,40625,40629,40636,40645,40701,40708,40717,40722,40726,40797,40799,40808,40812,40815,40859,40861,40870,40874,40880,40930,40934,40939,40943,40967,40969,40978,40982,41006,41008,41019,41023,41047,41049,41058,41061,41078,41084,41088,41094,41097,41102,41105,41126,41128,41160,41163,41168,41170,41181,41183,41227,41231,41238,41290,41292,41301,41305,41308,41401,41404,41428,41432,41435,41527,41532,41536,41543,41548,41572,41574,41583,41588,41611,41613,41621,41628,41651,41659,41661,41674,41684,41686,41690,41697,41701,41710,41714,41721,41725,41729,41733,41746,41748,41778],[10,39677,39673],{"id":39678},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39680,8701,39681,39683],{},[15,39682,2450],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39685,39686,39687,39689],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39688,2450],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[51,39691,1570],{"id":1569},[56,39693,39695],{"className":58,"code":39694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39696,39697,39711,39730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39700,164],{"class":163},[65,39702,151],{"class":79},[65,39704,1760],{"class":1259},[65,39706,151],{"class":79},[65,39708,1705],{"class":83},[65,39710,1028],{"class":79},[65,39712,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39726,39728],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39714,164],{"class":163},[65,39716,151],{"class":79},[65,39718,1760],{"class":1259},[65,39720,151],{"class":79},[65,39722,488],{"class":487},[65,39724,39725],{"class":491},"3.14",[65,39727,488],{"class":487},[65,39729,1028],{"class":79},[65,39731,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,39733,164],{"class":163},[65,39735,151],{"class":79},[65,39737,1760],{"class":1259},[65,39739,151],{"class":79},[65,39741,3172],{"class":3419},[65,39743,1028],{"class":79},[20,39745,350],{},[56,39747,39749],{"className":58,"code":39748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39750,39751,39755,39760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39752,39753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39754,2047],{"class":83},[65,39756,39757],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39758,39759],{"class":83},"3.14\n",[65,39761,39762],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,39763,39764],{"class":83},"1.0\n",[20,39766,1660,39767,39769],{},[15,39768,2450],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[51,39771,39773],{"id":39772},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39775,39776,39778],{},[15,39777,2450],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39780,39781],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,39783,39784,39788,39792],{},[36,39785,39786],{},[15,39787,2059],{},[36,39789,39790],{},[15,39791,39725],{},[36,39793,39794],{},[15,39795,39796],{},"0.5",[20,39798,39799],{},"A few key points:",[33,39801,39802,39809,39812,39815],{},[36,39803,39804,39806,39807],{},[15,39805,2450],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39808,1760],{},[36,39810,39811],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,39813,39814],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,39816,39817,39818],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[210,39819,39820],{"href":7795},[15,39821,2524],{},[20,39823,267],{},[56,39825,39827],{"className":58,"code":39826,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39828,39829,39849,39859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39830,39831,39833,39835,39838,39840,39842,39845,39847],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39832,1785],{"class":71},[65,39834,76],{"class":75},[65,39836,39837],{"class":1259}," float",[65,39839,151],{"class":79},[65,39841,488],{"class":487},[65,39843,39844],{"class":491},"2.75",[65,39846,488],{"class":487},[65,39848,157],{"class":79},[65,39850,39851,39853,39855,39857],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39852,164],{"class":163},[65,39854,151],{"class":79},[65,39856,1807],{"class":147},[65,39858,157],{"class":79},[65,39860,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,39862,164],{"class":163},[65,39864,151],{"class":79},[65,39866,1260],{"class":1259},[65,39868,151],{"class":79},[65,39870,1807],{"class":147},[65,39872,1028],{"class":79},[20,39874,350],{},[56,39876,39878],{"className":58,"code":39877,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39879,39880,39885],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39881,39882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39883,39884],{"class":83},"2.75\n",[65,39886,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39888,2857],{"class":75},[65,39890,2860],{"class":1632},[65,39892,603],{"class":487},[65,39894,1760],{"class":491},[65,39896,594],{"class":487},[65,39898,2869],{"class":75},[51,39900,222],{"id":221},[20,39902,6790],{},[56,39904,39906],{"className":58,"code":39905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"float(value)\n",[15,39907,39908],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39909,39910,39912,39914,39916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39911,1760],{"class":1259},[65,39913,151],{"class":79},[65,39915,2040],{"class":147},[65,39917,157],{"class":79},[20,39919,39920,39921,144],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39922,2450],{},[20,39924,39925,39926,39928,39929,191],{},"If you call ",[15,39927,2450],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39930,3334],{},[56,39932,39934],{"className":58,"code":39933,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float())\n",[15,39935,39936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39937,39938,39940,39942,39944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39939,164],{"class":163},[65,39941,151],{"class":79},[65,39943,1760],{"class":1259},[65,39945,6766],{"class":79},[20,39947,350],{},[56,39949,39951],{"className":58,"code":39950,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0.0\n",[15,39952,39953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39954,39955],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39956,39950],{"class":83},[20,39958,39959],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[56,39961,39963],{"className":58,"code":39962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39964,39965,39985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39966,39967,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39981,39983],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39968,39969],{"class":71},"price ",[65,39971,76],{"class":75},[65,39973,39837],{"class":1259},[65,39975,151],{"class":79},[65,39977,488],{"class":487},[65,39979,39980],{"class":491},"19.99",[65,39982,488],{"class":487},[65,39984,157],{"class":79},[65,39986,39987,39989,39991,39993],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,39988,164],{"class":163},[65,39990,151],{"class":79},[65,39992,24725],{"class":147},[65,39994,157],{"class":79},[51,39996,39998],{"id":39997},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40000,40001,40003],{},[15,40002,2450],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1286,40005,40007],{"id":40006},"integers","Integers",[20,40009,40010,40011,40014],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40012,40013],{},".0"," added:",[56,40016,40018],{"className":58,"code":40017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40019,40020,40034],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40021,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40023,164],{"class":163},[65,40025,151],{"class":79},[65,40027,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40029,151],{"class":79},[65,40031,1705],{"class":83},[65,40033,1028],{"class":79},[65,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40037,164],{"class":163},[65,40039,151],{"class":79},[65,40041,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40043,151],{"class":79},[65,40045,1589],{"class":75},[65,40047,1624],{"class":83},[65,40049,1028],{"class":79},[20,40051,350],{},[56,40053,40055],{"className":58,"code":40054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40056,40057,40061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40058,40059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40060,2047],{"class":83},[65,40062,40063,40065],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40064,1589],{"class":75},[65,40066,40067],{"class":83},"2.0\n",[1286,40069,40071],{"id":40070},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40073,40074],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[56,40076,40078],{"className":58,"code":40077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40079,40080,40098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40081,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094,40096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40083,164],{"class":163},[65,40085,151],{"class":79},[65,40087,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40089,151],{"class":79},[65,40091,488],{"class":487},[65,40093,39725],{"class":491},[65,40095,488],{"class":487},[65,40097,1028],{"class":79},[65,40099,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40101,164],{"class":163},[65,40103,151],{"class":79},[65,40105,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40107,151],{"class":79},[65,40109,488],{"class":487},[65,40111,1898],{"class":491},[65,40113,488],{"class":487},[65,40115,1028],{"class":79},[20,40117,350],{},[56,40119,40121],{"className":58,"code":40120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40122,40123,40127],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40124,40125],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40126,39759],{"class":83},[65,40128,40129],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40130,40131],{"class":83},"10.0\n",[1286,40133,40135],{"id":40134},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40137,40138],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[56,40140,40142],{"className":58,"code":40141,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40143,40144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40145,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154,40156,40159,40161],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40147,164],{"class":163},[65,40149,151],{"class":79},[65,40151,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40153,151],{"class":79},[65,40155,488],{"class":487},[65,40157,40158],{"class":491},"  8.5  ",[65,40160,488],{"class":487},[65,40162,1028],{"class":79},[20,40164,350],{},[56,40166,40168],{"className":58,"code":40167,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8.5\n",[15,40169,40170],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40171,40172],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40173,40167],{"class":83},[1286,40175,40177],{"id":40176},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40179,40180],{},"Boolean values also work:",[56,40182,40184],{"className":58,"code":40183,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40185,40186,40200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40187,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40189,164],{"class":163},[65,40191,151],{"class":79},[65,40193,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40195,151],{"class":79},[65,40197,3172],{"class":3419},[65,40199,1028],{"class":79},[65,40201,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40203,164],{"class":163},[65,40205,151],{"class":79},[65,40207,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40209,151],{"class":79},[65,40211,3240],{"class":3419},[65,40213,1028],{"class":79},[20,40215,350],{},[56,40217,40219],{"className":58,"code":40218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40220,40221,40225],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40222,40223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40224,39764],{"class":83},[65,40226,40227],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40228,39950],{"class":83},[1286,40230,40232],{"id":40231},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40234,40235,40236,40238],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40237,2450],{}," returns a float version of it:",[56,40240,40242],{"className":58,"code":40241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40243,40244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40245,40246,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40247,164],{"class":163},[65,40249,151],{"class":79},[65,40251,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40253,151],{"class":79},[65,40255,1930],{"class":83},[65,40257,1028],{"class":79},[20,40259,350],{},[56,40261,40262],{"className":58,"code":1954,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,40263,40264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40265,40266],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40267,1954],{"class":83},[51,40269,40271],{"id":40270},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40273,40274,40275,144],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40276,2450],{},[1286,40278,40280],{"id":40279},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40282,40283,40284,191],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40285,40286],{},"ValueError",[56,40288,40290],{"className":58,"code":40289,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40291,40292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40293,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302,40304,40306,40308],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40295,164],{"class":163},[65,40297,151],{"class":79},[65,40299,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40301,151],{"class":79},[65,40303,488],{"class":487},[65,40305,3412],{"class":491},[65,40307,488],{"class":487},[65,40309,1028],{"class":79},[20,40311,29256],{},[56,40313,40315],{"className":58,"code":40314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40316,40317],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40318,40319,40321,40323,40326,40328,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40320,40286],{"class":1259},[65,40322,191],{"class":79},[65,40324,40325],{"class":71}," could ",[65,40327,45],{"class":75},[65,40329,40330],{"class":71}," convert string to ",[65,40332,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40334,191],{"class":79},[65,40336,603],{"class":487},[65,40338,3412],{"class":491},[65,40340,29275],{"class":487},[20,40342,40343],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[56,40345,40347],{"className":58,"code":40346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40348,40349],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40350,40351,40353,40355,40357,40359,40361],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40352,164],{"class":163},[65,40354,151],{"class":79},[65,40356,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40358,151],{"class":79},[65,40360,5842],{"class":487},[65,40362,1028],{"class":79},[1286,40364,40366],{"id":40365},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40368,40369],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[56,40371,40373],{"className":58,"code":40372,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40374,40375],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40376,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40378,164],{"class":163},[65,40380,151],{"class":79},[65,40382,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40384,2552],{"class":79},[65,40386,84],{"class":83},[65,40388,87],{"class":79},[65,40390,90],{"class":83},[65,40392,87],{"class":79},[65,40394,95],{"class":83},[65,40396,2565],{"class":79},[20,40398,29256],{},[56,40400,40402],{"className":58,"code":40401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40403,40404],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40405,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40417,40420,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40407,2571],{"class":1259},[65,40409,191],{"class":79},[65,40411,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40413,6938],{"class":79},[65,40415,40416],{"class":71}," argument must be a string ",[65,40418,40419],{"class":75},"or",[65,40421,40422],{"class":71}," a real number",[65,40424,87],{"class":79},[65,40426,7675],{"class":75},[65,40428,603],{"class":487},[65,40430,7669],{"class":491},[65,40432,29275],{"class":487},[1286,40434,40436],{"id":40435},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40438,40439],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[56,40441,40443],{"className":58,"code":40442,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40444,40445],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40446,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457,40460,40462],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40448,164],{"class":163},[65,40450,151],{"class":79},[65,40452,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40454,151],{"class":79},[65,40456,488],{"class":487},[65,40458,40459],{"class":491},"3,14",[65,40461,488],{"class":487},[65,40463,1028],{"class":79},[20,40465,2568,40466,144],{},[15,40467,40286],{},[20,40469,40470,40471,634,40475,144],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[210,40472,40474],{"href":40473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[210,40476,40478],{"href":40477},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[51,40480,16994],{"id":16993},[20,40482,40483,40485],{},[15,40484,2450],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40487,40488,40489,40491],{},"It does ",[43,40490,45],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40493,267],{},[56,40495,40497],{"className":58,"code":40496,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40498,40499,40512,40526,40530,40540,40550,40564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40500,40501,40503,40505,40507,40510],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40502,34265],{"class":71},[65,40504,76],{"class":75},[65,40506,499],{"class":487},[65,40508,40509],{"class":491},"6.5",[65,40511,2925],{"class":487},[65,40513,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522,40524],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40515,1785],{"class":71},[65,40517,76],{"class":75},[65,40519,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40521,151],{"class":79},[65,40523,34286],{"class":147},[65,40525,157],{"class":79},[65,40527,40528],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40529,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,40531,40532,40534,40536,40538],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40533,164],{"class":163},[65,40535,151],{"class":79},[65,40537,34286],{"class":147},[65,40539,157],{"class":79},[65,40541,40542,40544,40546,40548],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,40543,164],{"class":163},[65,40545,151],{"class":79},[65,40547,1807],{"class":147},[65,40549,157],{"class":79},[65,40551,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,40553,164],{"class":163},[65,40555,151],{"class":79},[65,40557,1260],{"class":1259},[65,40559,151],{"class":79},[65,40561,34286],{"class":147},[65,40563,1028],{"class":79},[65,40565,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,40567,164],{"class":163},[65,40569,151],{"class":79},[65,40571,1260],{"class":1259},[65,40573,151],{"class":79},[65,40575,1807],{"class":147},[65,40577,1028],{"class":79},[20,40579,350],{},[56,40581,40583],{"className":58,"code":40582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40584,40585,40590,40594,40608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40586,40587],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40588,40589],{"class":83},"6.5\n",[65,40591,40592],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40593,40589],{"class":83},[65,40595,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40597,2857],{"class":75},[65,40599,2860],{"class":1632},[65,40601,603],{"class":487},[65,40603,3010],{"class":491},[65,40605,594],{"class":487},[65,40607,2869],{"class":75},[65,40609,40610,40612,40614,40616,40618,40620],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40611,2857],{"class":75},[65,40613,2860],{"class":1632},[65,40615,603],{"class":487},[65,40617,1760],{"class":491},[65,40619,594],{"class":487},[65,40621,2869],{"class":75},[20,40623,40624],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[51,40626,40628],{"id":40627},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1286,40630,40632,40633,40635],{"id":40631},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40634,2524],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40637,1545,40638,40642,40643,144],{},[210,40639,40640,1870],{"href":7795},[15,40641,2524],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40644,2450],{},[56,40646,40648],{"className":58,"code":40647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40649,40650,40669,40683,40687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40651,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40665,40667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40653,7813],{"class":71},[65,40655,76],{"class":75},[65,40657,7818],{"class":163},[65,40659,151],{"class":79},[65,40661,488],{"class":487},[65,40663,40664],{"class":491},"Enter a price: ",[65,40666,488],{"class":487},[65,40668,157],{"class":79},[65,40670,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40672,39969],{"class":71},[65,40674,76],{"class":75},[65,40676,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40678,151],{"class":79},[65,40680,7842],{"class":147},[65,40682,157],{"class":79},[65,40684,40685],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40686,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,40688,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40690,164],{"class":163},[65,40692,151],{"class":79},[65,40694,39969],{"class":147},[65,40696,39454],{"class":75},[65,40698,90],{"class":83},[65,40700,157],{"class":79},[20,40702,40703,40704,40707],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40705,40706],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[56,40709,40711],{"className":58,"code":40710,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"9.0\n",[15,40712,40713],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40714,40715],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40716,40710],{"class":83},[20,40718,40719,40720,144],{},"For more help with this, see ",[210,40721,8559],{"href":8558},[1286,40723,40725],{"id":40724},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[56,40727,40729],{"className":58,"code":40728,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40730,40731,40744,40757,40761,40786],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40732,40733,40735,40737,40739,40742],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40734,72],{"class":71},[65,40736,76],{"class":75},[65,40738,499],{"class":487},[65,40740,40741],{"class":491},"2.5",[65,40743,2925],{"class":487},[65,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40755],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40747,104],{"class":71},[65,40749,76],{"class":75},[65,40751,499],{"class":487},[65,40753,40754],{"class":491},"1.5",[65,40756,2925],{"class":487},[65,40758,40759],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40760,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,40762,40763,40766,40768,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40764,40765],{"class":71},"total ",[65,40767,76],{"class":75},[65,40769,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40771,151],{"class":79},[65,40773,210],{"class":147},[65,40775,172],{"class":79},[65,40777,2022],{"class":75},[65,40779,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40781,151],{"class":79},[65,40783,154],{"class":147},[65,40785,157],{"class":79},[65,40787,40788,40790,40792,40795],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,40789,164],{"class":163},[65,40791,151],{"class":79},[65,40793,40794],{"class":147},"total",[65,40796,157],{"class":79},[20,40798,350],{},[56,40800,40802],{"className":58,"code":40801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4.0\n",[15,40803,40804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40805,40806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40807,40801],{"class":83},[1286,40809,40811],{"id":40810},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40813,40814],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[56,40816,40818],{"className":58,"code":40817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40819,40820,40830,40845,40849],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40821,40822,40825,40827],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40823,40824],{"class":71},"count ",[65,40826,76],{"class":75},[65,40828,40829],{"class":83}," 7\n",[65,40831,40832,40834,40836,40838,40840,40843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40833,136],{"class":71},[65,40835,76],{"class":75},[65,40837,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40839,151],{"class":79},[65,40841,40842],{"class":147},"count",[65,40844,157],{"class":79},[65,40846,40847],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40848,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,40850,40851,40853,40855,40857],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40852,164],{"class":163},[65,40854,151],{"class":79},[65,40856,169],{"class":147},[65,40858,157],{"class":79},[20,40860,350],{},[56,40862,40864],{"className":58,"code":40863,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.0\n",[15,40865,40866],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40867,40868],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40869,40863],{"class":83},[1286,40871,40873],{"id":40872},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40875,40876,40877,40879],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40878,2450],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[56,40881,40883],{"className":58,"code":40882,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40884,40885,40899,40915,40919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40886,40887,40890,40892,40894,40897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40888,40889],{"class":71},"temperature_text ",[65,40891,76],{"class":75},[65,40893,499],{"class":487},[65,40895,40896],{"class":491},"21.8",[65,40898,2925],{"class":487},[65,40900,40901,40904,40906,40908,40910,40913],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,40902,40903],{"class":71},"temperature ",[65,40905,76],{"class":75},[65,40907,39837],{"class":1259},[65,40909,151],{"class":79},[65,40911,40912],{"class":147},"temperature_text",[65,40914,157],{"class":79},[65,40916,40917],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,40918,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,40920,40921,40923,40925,40928],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40922,164],{"class":163},[65,40924,151],{"class":79},[65,40926,40927],{"class":147},"temperature",[65,40929,157],{"class":79},[51,40931,40933],{"id":40932},"special-values","Special values",[20,40935,40936,40938],{},[15,40937,2450],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1286,40940,40942],{"id":40941},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[56,40944,40946],{"className":58,"code":40945,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40947,40948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40949,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40960,40963,40965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40951,164],{"class":163},[65,40953,151],{"class":79},[65,40955,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40957,151],{"class":79},[65,40959,488],{"class":487},[65,40961,40962],{"class":491},"inf",[65,40964,488],{"class":487},[65,40966,1028],{"class":79},[20,40968,350],{},[56,40970,40972],{"className":58,"code":40971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"inf\n",[15,40973,40974],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40975,40976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40977,40971],{"class":71},[1286,40979,40981],{"id":40980},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[56,40983,40985],{"className":58,"code":40984,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40986,40987],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40988,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41002,41004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40990,164],{"class":163},[65,40992,151],{"class":79},[65,40994,1760],{"class":1259},[65,40996,151],{"class":79},[65,40998,488],{"class":487},[65,41000,41001],{"class":491},"-inf",[65,41003,488],{"class":487},[65,41005,1028],{"class":79},[20,41007,350],{},[56,41009,41011],{"className":58,"code":41010,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-inf\n",[15,41012,41013],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41014,41015,41017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41016,1589],{"class":75},[65,41018,40971],{"class":71},[1286,41020,41022],{"id":41021},"not-a-number","Not a number",[56,41024,41026],{"className":58,"code":41025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41027,41028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41029,41030,41032,41034,41036,41038,41040,41043,41045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41031,164],{"class":163},[65,41033,151],{"class":79},[65,41035,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41037,151],{"class":79},[65,41039,488],{"class":487},[65,41041,41042],{"class":491},"nan",[65,41044,488],{"class":487},[65,41046,1028],{"class":79},[20,41048,350],{},[56,41050,41052],{"className":58,"code":41051,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nan\n",[15,41053,41054],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41055,41056],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41057,41051],{"class":71},[20,41059,41060],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,41062,41063,41068,41073],{},[36,41064,41065,41067],{},[15,41066,40962],{}," means positive infinity",[36,41069,41070,41072],{},[15,41071,41001],{}," means negative infinity",[36,41074,41075,41077],{},[15,41076,41042],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41079,41080,41081,41083],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41082,2450],{}," accepts them.",[51,41085,41087],{"id":41086},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41089,41090,41091,41093],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41092,2450],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1286,41095,40286],{"id":41096},"valueerror",[20,41098,14764,41099,41101],{},[15,41100,40286],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41103,41104],{},"Common causes:",[33,41106,41107,41113,41116,41119],{},[36,41108,41109,41110],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41111,41112],{},"\"abc\"",[36,41114,41115],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,41117,41118],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,41120,4272,41121],{},[210,41122,41123,41125],{"href":7795},[15,41124,2524],{}," returns a string",[20,41127,267],{},[56,41129,41131],{"className":58,"code":41130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41132,41133,41146],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41134,41135,41137,41139,41141,41144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41136,2015],{"class":71},[65,41138,76],{"class":75},[65,41140,499],{"class":487},[65,41142,41143],{"class":491},"abc",[65,41145,2925],{"class":487},[65,41147,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41149,164],{"class":163},[65,41151,151],{"class":79},[65,41153,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41155,151],{"class":79},[65,41157,2040],{"class":147},[65,41159,1028],{"class":79},[1286,41161,2571],{"id":41162},"typeerror",[20,41164,14764,41165,41167],{},[15,41166,2571],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41169,41104],{},[33,41171,41172,41175,41178],{},[36,41173,41174],{},"Passing a list",[36,41176,41177],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,41179,41180],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41182,267],{},[56,41184,41186],{"className":58,"code":41185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41187,41188,41213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41189,41190,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200,41202,41204,41206,41209,41211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41191,2015],{"class":71},[65,41193,76],{"class":75},[65,41195,80],{"class":79},[65,41197,488],{"class":487},[65,41199,24725],{"class":491},[65,41201,488],{"class":487},[65,41203,191],{"class":79},[65,41205,499],{"class":487},[65,41207,41208],{"class":491},"9.99",[65,41210,488],{"class":487},[65,41212,98],{"class":79},[65,41214,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41216,164],{"class":163},[65,41218,151],{"class":79},[65,41220,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41222,151],{"class":79},[65,41224,2040],{"class":147},[65,41226,1028],{"class":79},[1286,41228,41230],{"id":41229},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41232,41233,41234,41237],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41235,41236],{},"strip()"," can help:",[56,41239,41241],{"className":58,"code":41240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41242,41243,41256,41271,41275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41244,41245,41247,41249,41251,41254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41246,2015],{"class":71},[65,41248,76],{"class":75},[65,41250,499],{"class":487},[65,41252,41253],{"class":491},"  7.25  ",[65,41255,2925],{"class":487},[65,41257,41258,41261,41263,41265,41267,41269],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41259,41260],{"class":71},"clean_value ",[65,41262,76],{"class":75},[65,41264,8010],{"class":71},[65,41266,144],{"class":79},[65,41268,8211],{"class":147},[65,41270,8220],{"class":79},[65,41272,41273],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,41274,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,41276,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285,41288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41278,164],{"class":163},[65,41280,151],{"class":79},[65,41282,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41284,151],{"class":79},[65,41286,41287],{"class":147},"clean_value",[65,41289,1028],{"class":79},[20,41291,350],{},[56,41293,41295],{"className":58,"code":41294,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.25\n",[15,41296,41297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41298,41299],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41300,41294],{"class":83},[1286,41302,41304],{"id":41303},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41306,41307],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[56,41309,41311],{"className":58,"code":41310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41312,41313,41326,41330,41340,41354,41369,41373,41387],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41314,41315,41317,41319,41321,41324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41316,2015],{"class":71},[65,41318,76],{"class":75},[65,41320,499],{"class":487},[65,41322,41323],{"class":491}," 3.5 ",[65,41325,2925],{"class":487},[65,41327,41328],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41329,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,41331,41332,41334,41336,41338],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,41333,164],{"class":163},[65,41335,151],{"class":79},[65,41337,2040],{"class":147},[65,41339,157],{"class":79},[65,41341,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41343,164],{"class":163},[65,41345,151],{"class":79},[65,41347,1260],{"class":1259},[65,41349,151],{"class":79},[65,41351,2040],{"class":147},[65,41353,1028],{"class":79},[65,41355,41356,41358,41360,41363,41365,41367],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,41357,164],{"class":163},[65,41359,151],{"class":79},[65,41361,41362],{"class":163},"repr",[65,41364,151],{"class":79},[65,41366,2040],{"class":147},[65,41368,1028],{"class":79},[65,41370,41371],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,41372,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,41374,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383,41385],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,41376,41260],{"class":71},[65,41378,76],{"class":75},[65,41380,8010],{"class":71},[65,41382,144],{"class":79},[65,41384,8211],{"class":147},[65,41386,8220],{"class":79},[65,41388,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41399],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,41390,164],{"class":163},[65,41392,151],{"class":79},[65,41394,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41396,151],{"class":79},[65,41398,41287],{"class":147},[65,41400,1028],{"class":79},[20,41402,41403],{},"Why this helps:",[33,41405,41406,41412,41417,41423],{},[36,41407,41408,41411],{},[15,41409,41410],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,41413,41414,20942],{},[15,41415,41416],{},"print(type(value))",[36,41418,41419,41422],{},[15,41420,41421],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,41424,41425,41427],{},[15,41426,41236],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1286,41429,41431],{"id":41430},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41433,41434],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[56,41436,41438],{"className":58,"code":41437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41439,41440,41459,41463,41469,41484,41503,41512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452,41455,41457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41443,2015],{"class":71},[65,41445,76],{"class":75},[65,41447,7818],{"class":163},[65,41449,151],{"class":79},[65,41451,488],{"class":487},[65,41453,41454],{"class":491},"Enter a number: ",[65,41456,488],{"class":487},[65,41458,157],{"class":79},[65,41460,41461],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41462,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,41464,41465,41467],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,41466,29379],{"class":3444},[65,41468,5963],{"class":79},[65,41470,41471,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41472,41473],{"class":71},"    number ",[65,41475,76],{"class":75},[65,41477,39837],{"class":1259},[65,41479,151],{"class":79},[65,41481,2040],{"class":147},[65,41483,157],{"class":79},[65,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41495,41497,41499,41501],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,41487,7644],{"class":163},[65,41489,151],{"class":79},[65,41491,488],{"class":487},[65,41493,41494],{"class":491},"Converted:",[65,41496,488],{"class":487},[65,41498,87],{"class":79},[65,41500,1765],{"class":147},[65,41502,157],{"class":79},[65,41504,41505,41507,41510],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,41506,29410],{"class":3444},[65,41508,41509],{"class":1259}," ValueError",[65,41511,5963],{"class":79},[65,41513,41514,41516,41518,41520,41523,41525],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,41515,7644],{"class":163},[65,41517,151],{"class":79},[65,41519,488],{"class":487},[65,41521,41522],{"class":491},"That is not a valid number.",[65,41524,488],{"class":487},[65,41526,157],{"class":79},[20,41528,41529,41530,144],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[210,41531,40478],{"href":40477},[51,41533,41535],{"id":41534},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41537,10166,41538,634,41540,41542],{},[15,41539,2450],{},[15,41541,2444],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41544,41545,41547],{},[15,41546,2450],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[56,41549,41551],{"className":58,"code":41550,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41552,41553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41554,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41568,41570],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41556,164],{"class":163},[65,41558,151],{"class":79},[65,41560,1760],{"class":1259},[65,41562,151],{"class":79},[65,41564,488],{"class":487},[65,41566,41567],{"class":491},"3.9",[65,41569,488],{"class":487},[65,41571,1028],{"class":79},[20,41573,350],{},[56,41575,41577],{"className":58,"code":41576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.9\n",[15,41578,41579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41580,41581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41582,41576],{"class":83},[20,41584,41585,41587],{},[15,41586,2444],{}," creates whole numbers:",[56,41589,41591],{"className":58,"code":41590,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41592,41593],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603,41605,41607,41609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41596,164],{"class":163},[65,41598,151],{"class":79},[65,41600,1757],{"class":1259},[65,41602,151],{"class":79},[65,41604,488],{"class":487},[65,41606,1898],{"class":491},[65,41608,488],{"class":487},[65,41610,1028],{"class":79},[20,41612,350],{},[56,41614,41615],{"className":58,"code":1944,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,41616,41617],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41618,41619],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41620,1944],{"class":83},[20,41622,41623,41624,41627],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41625,41626],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[56,41629,41631],{"className":58,"code":41630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41632,41633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41634,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643,41645,41647,41649],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41636,164],{"class":163},[65,41638,151],{"class":79},[65,41640,1757],{"class":1259},[65,41642,151],{"class":79},[65,41644,488],{"class":487},[65,41646,41567],{"class":491},[65,41648,488],{"class":487},[65,41650,1028],{"class":79},[20,41652,2568,41653,8179,41655,41658],{},[15,41654,40286],{},[15,41656,41657],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41660,10289],{},[33,41662,41663,41669],{},[36,41664,41665,41668],{},[15,41666,41667],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,41670,41671,41673],{},[15,41672,41626],{}," fails",[20,41675,41676,41677,41680,41681,41683],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[210,41678,41679],{"href":2441},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[210,41682,1988],{"href":1987}," helpful.",[51,41685,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,41687,41689],{"id":41688},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41691,41692,41693,214,41695,144],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41694,2059],{},[15,41696,39725],{},[1286,41698,41700],{"id":41699},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41702,41703,41704,214,41707,144],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41705,41706],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41708,41709],{},"\"10\"",[1286,41711,41713],{"id":41712},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41715,28636,41716,41718,41719,144],{},[15,41717,41112],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41720,40286],{},[1286,41722,41724],{"id":41723},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41726,4717,41727,144],{},[15,41728,3334],{},[1286,41730,41732],{"id":41731},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41734,41735,41736,41738,41739,634,41742,41738,41744,144],{},"Yes. ",[15,41737,3172],{}," becomes ",[15,41740,41741],{},"1.0",[15,41743,3240],{},[15,41745,3334],{},[51,41747,1455],{"id":1454},[33,41749,41750,41754,41760,41765,41769,41773],{},[36,41751,41752],{},[210,41753,41679],{"href":2441},[36,41755,41756],{},[210,41757,41759],{"href":41758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[36,41761,41762],{},[210,41763,41764],{"href":40473},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,41766,41767],{},[210,41768,8636],{"href":8558},[36,41770,41771],{},[210,41772,40478],{"href":40477},[36,41774,41775],{},[210,41776,41777],{"href":7795},"Python input() Function Explained",[1499,41779,41780],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":41782},[41783,41784,41785,41786,41793,41798,41799,41806,41811,41818,41819,41826],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":39772,"depth":101,"text":39773},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":39997,"depth":101,"text":39998,"children":41787},[41788,41789,41790,41791,41792],{"id":40006,"depth":126,"text":40007},{"id":40070,"depth":126,"text":40071},{"id":40134,"depth":126,"text":40135},{"id":40176,"depth":126,"text":40177},{"id":40231,"depth":126,"text":40232},{"id":40270,"depth":101,"text":40271,"children":41794},[41795,41796,41797],{"id":40279,"depth":126,"text":40280},{"id":40365,"depth":126,"text":40366},{"id":40435,"depth":126,"text":40436},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":40627,"depth":101,"text":40628,"children":41800},[41801,41803,41804,41805],{"id":40631,"depth":126,"text":41802},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40724,"depth":126,"text":40725},{"id":40810,"depth":126,"text":40811},{"id":40872,"depth":126,"text":40873},{"id":40932,"depth":101,"text":40933,"children":41807},[41808,41809,41810],{"id":40941,"depth":126,"text":40942},{"id":40980,"depth":126,"text":40981},{"id":41021,"depth":126,"text":41022},{"id":41086,"depth":101,"text":41087,"children":41812},[41813,41814,41815,41816,41817],{"id":41096,"depth":126,"text":40286},{"id":41162,"depth":126,"text":2571},{"id":41229,"depth":126,"text":41230},{"id":41303,"depth":126,"text":41304},{"id":41430,"depth":126,"text":41431},{"id":41534,"depth":101,"text":41535},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":41820},[41821,41822,41823,41824,41825],{"id":41688,"depth":126,"text":41689},{"id":41699,"depth":126,"text":41700},{"id":41712,"depth":126,"text":41713},{"id":41723,"depth":126,"text":41724},{"id":41731,"depth":126,"text":41732},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39673,"description":41827},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41834,"title":41835,"body":41836,"description":43057,"extension":1528,"meta":43058,"navigation":129,"path":34602,"seo":43059,"stem":43060,"__hash__":43061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41837,"toc":43023},[41838,41841,41846,41849,41851,41890,41904,41908,41913,41916,41933,41936,41946,41961,41964,41966,41969,41985,41988,41991,42011,42015,42026,42029,42033,42037,42051,42086,42090,42101,42136,42139,42141,42149,42182,42198,42200,42210,42231,42242,42244,42249,42252,42266,42268,42287,42290,42303,42306,42310,42314,42328,42331,42349,42352,42367,42371,42376,42390,42396,42398,42455,42457,42490,42493,42509,42513,42520,42524,42529,42532,42543,42547,42552,42567,42576,42581,42600,42603,42615,42617,42622,42632,42635,42664,42669,42678,42682,42687,42690,42694,42699,42701,42731,42734,42741,42746,42751,42755,42758,42766,42769,42847,42850,42872,42874,42878,42881,42885,42891,42954,42958,42966,42970,42973,42975,43000,43020],[10,41839,41835],{"id":41840},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41842,3150,41843,41845],{},[15,41844,34605],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41847,41848],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[51,41850,1570],{"id":1569},[56,41852,41854],{"className":58,"code":41853,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41855,41856,41866,41876],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41857,41858,41860,41862,41864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41859,31728],{"class":163},[65,41861,151],{"class":79},[65,41863,10737],{"class":163},[65,41865,157],{"class":79},[65,41867,41868,41870,41872,41874],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,41869,31728],{"class":163},[65,41871,151],{"class":79},[65,41873,3010],{"class":1259},[65,41875,157],{"class":79},[65,41877,41878,41880,41882,41884,41886,41888],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,41879,31728],{"class":163},[65,41881,151],{"class":79},[65,41883,594],{"class":487},[65,41885,34236],{"class":491},[65,41887,594],{"class":487},[65,41889,157],{"class":79},[20,41891,1660,41892,41894,41895,214,41897,41899,41900,41903],{},[15,41893,34605],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41896,10737],{},[15,41898,3010],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41901,41902],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[51,41905,41907],{"id":41906},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41909,41910,41912],{},[15,41911,34605],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41914,41915],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,41917,41918,41921,41924,41927,41930],{},[36,41919,41920],{},"Functions",[36,41922,41923],{},"Classes",[36,41925,41926],{},"Methods",[36,41928,41929],{},"Modules",[36,41931,41932],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41934,41935],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41937,41938,41939,41945],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[210,41940,41942],{"href":41941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41943,41944],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[56,41947,41949],{"className":58,"code":41948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\n",[15,41950,41951],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41952,41953,41955,41957,41959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41954,31728],{"class":163},[65,41956,151],{"class":79},[65,41958,10737],{"class":163},[65,41960,157],{"class":79},[20,41962,41963],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[51,41965,222],{"id":221},[20,41967,41968],{},"The main form is:",[56,41970,41972],{"className":58,"code":41971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(object)\n",[15,41973,41974],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41975,41976,41978,41980,41983],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41977,31728],{"class":163},[65,41979,151],{"class":79},[65,41981,41982],{"class":1259},"object",[65,41984,157],{"class":79},[20,41986,41987],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41989,41990],{},"Common examples include:",[33,41992,41993,41997,42002,42006],{},[36,41994,41995],{},[15,41996,10737],{},[36,41998,41999],{},[15,42000,42001],{},"list.append",[36,42003,42004],{},[15,42005,3010],{},[36,42007,42008],{},[15,42009,42010],{},"open",[20,42012,6747,42013,6750],{},[15,42014,34605],{},[56,42016,42018],{"className":58,"code":42017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help()\n",[15,42019,42020],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42021,42022,42024],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42023,31728],{"class":163},[65,42025,8220],{"class":79},[20,42027,42028],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[51,42030,42032],{"id":42031},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1286,42034,42036],{"id":42035},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42038,42039,42040,1491,42042,1491,42044,1494,42047,144],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42041,10737],{},[15,42043,164],{},[15,42045,42046],{},"input",[210,42048,42049],{"href":1866},[15,42050,1869],{},[56,42052,42054],{"className":58,"code":42053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42055,42056,42066,42076],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42057,42058,42060,42062,42064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42059,31728],{"class":163},[65,42061,151],{"class":79},[65,42063,164],{"class":163},[65,42065,157],{"class":79},[65,42067,42068,42070,42072,42074],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42069,31728],{"class":163},[65,42071,151],{"class":79},[65,42073,42046],{"class":163},[65,42075,157],{"class":79},[65,42077,42078,42080,42082,42084],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,42079,31728],{"class":163},[65,42081,151],{"class":79},[65,42083,1260],{"class":1259},[65,42085,157],{"class":79},[1286,42087,42089],{"id":42088},"data-types","Data types",[20,42091,42092,42093,1491,42095,1491,42097,1494,42099,144],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42094,3010],{},[15,42096,7669],{},[15,42098,8399],{},[15,42100,1401],{},[56,42102,42104],{"className":58,"code":42103,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42105,42106,42116,42126],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42107,42108,42110,42112,42114],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42109,31728],{"class":163},[65,42111,151],{"class":79},[65,42113,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42115,157],{"class":79},[65,42117,42118,42120,42122,42124],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42119,31728],{"class":163},[65,42121,151],{"class":79},[65,42123,7669],{"class":1259},[65,42125,157],{"class":79},[65,42127,42128,42130,42132,42134],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,42129,31728],{"class":163},[65,42131,151],{"class":79},[65,42133,8399],{"class":1259},[65,42135,157],{"class":79},[20,42137,42138],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1286,42140,41926],{"id":34083},[20,42142,42143,42144,634,42147,144],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42145,42146],{},"str.split",[15,42148,42001],{},[56,42150,42152],{"className":58,"code":42151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42153,42154,42168],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42155,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164,42166],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42157,31728],{"class":163},[65,42159,151],{"class":79},[65,42161,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42163,144],{"class":79},[65,42165,34046],{"class":24325},[65,42167,157],{"class":79},[65,42169,42170,42172,42174,42176,42178,42180],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42171,31728],{"class":163},[65,42173,151],{"class":79},[65,42175,7669],{"class":1259},[65,42177,144],{"class":79},[65,42179,13127],{"class":24325},[65,42181,157],{"class":79},[20,42183,42184,42185,8282,42187,27889,42192,42194,42195,42197],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42186,34605],{},[210,42188,42190],{"href":42189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42191,33888],{},[15,42193,33888],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42196,34605],{}," explains one of them.",[1286,42199,41929],{"id":34236},[20,42201,42202,42203,1491,42205,1494,42207,144],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42204,17992],{},[15,42206,34768],{},[15,42208,42209],{},"os",[56,42211,42213],{"className":58,"code":42212,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42214,42215,42221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42216,42217,42219],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42218,34669],{"class":3444},[65,42220,34672],{"class":71},[65,42222,42223,42225,42227,42229],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42224,31728],{"class":163},[65,42226,151],{"class":79},[65,42228,17992],{"class":147},[65,42230,157],{"class":79},[20,42232,42233,42234,42238,42239,144],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[210,42235,42237],{"href":42236},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[210,42240,34735],{"href":42241},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[51,42243,34496],{"id":34495},[20,42245,42246,42248],{},[15,42247,34605],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42250,42251],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,42253,42254,42257,42260,42263],{},[36,42255,42256],{},"The function signature",[36,42258,42259],{},"The short description",[36,42261,42262],{},"Parameter names",[36,42264,42265],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42267,405],{},[56,42269,42271],{"className":58,"code":42270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42272,42273],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42274,42275,42277,42279,42281,42283,42285],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42276,31728],{"class":163},[65,42278,151],{"class":79},[65,42280,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42282,144],{"class":79},[65,42284,34046],{"class":24325},[65,42286,157],{"class":79},[20,42288,42289],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,42291,42292,42295,42298,42300],{},[36,42293,42294],{},"What object this is",[36,42296,42297],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,42299,21545],{},[36,42301,42302],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42304,42305],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[51,42307,42309],{"id":42308},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42311,42312,29449],{},[15,42313,34605],{},[33,42315,42316,42319,42322,42325],{},[36,42317,42318],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,42320,42321],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,42323,42324],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,42326,42327],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42329,42330],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[56,42332,42333],{"className":58,"code":42270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,42334,42335],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42336,42337,42339,42341,42343,42345,42347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42338,31728],{"class":163},[65,42340,151],{"class":79},[65,42342,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42344,144],{"class":79},[65,42346,34046],{"class":24325},[65,42348,157],{"class":79},[20,42350,42351],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[56,42353,42355],{"className":58,"code":42354,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(open)\n",[15,42356,42357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42358,42359,42361,42363,42365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42360,31728],{"class":163},[65,42362,151],{"class":79},[65,42364,42010],{"class":163},[65,42366,157],{"class":79},[51,42368,42370],{"id":42369},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42372,42373,42375],{},[15,42374,34605],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,42377,42378,42381,42384,42387],{},[36,42379,42380],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,42382,42383],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,42385,42386],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,42388,42389],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42391,42392,42393,42395],{},"So, ",[15,42394,34605],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42397,405],{},[56,42399,42401],{"className":58,"code":42400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42402,42403,42416,42440,42444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42404,42405,42407,42409,42411,42414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42406,34265],{"class":71},[65,42408,76],{"class":75},[65,42410,499],{"class":487},[65,42412,42413],{"class":491},"a,b,c",[65,42415,2925],{"class":487},[65,42417,42418,42421,42423,42426,42428,42430,42432,42434,42436,42438],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42419,42420],{"class":71},"parts ",[65,42422,76],{"class":75},[65,42424,42425],{"class":71}," text",[65,42427,144],{"class":79},[65,42429,34046],{"class":147},[65,42431,151],{"class":79},[65,42433,488],{"class":487},[65,42435,87],{"class":491},[65,42437,488],{"class":487},[65,42439,157],{"class":79},[65,42441,42442],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,42443,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,42445,42446,42448,42450,42453],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42447,164],{"class":163},[65,42449,151],{"class":79},[65,42451,42452],{"class":147},"parts",[65,42454,157],{"class":79},[20,42456,5128],{},[56,42458,42460],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42461,42462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42463,42464,42466,42468,42470,42472,42474,42476,42478,42480,42482,42484,42486,42488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42465,3469],{"class":79},[65,42467,594],{"class":487},[65,42469,210],{"class":491},[65,42471,594],{"class":487},[65,42473,87],{"class":79},[65,42475,603],{"class":487},[65,42477,154],{"class":491},[65,42479,594],{"class":487},[65,42481,87],{"class":79},[65,42483,603],{"class":487},[65,42485,9317],{"class":491},[65,42487,594],{"class":487},[65,42489,1352],{"class":79},[20,42491,42492],{},"A good workflow is:",[28288,42494,42495,42500,42503,42506],{},[36,42496,1660,42497,42499],{},[15,42498,34605],{}," to inspect something",[36,42501,42502],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,42504,42505],{},"Check the result",[36,42507,42508],{},"Repeat",[51,42510,42512],{"id":42511},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42514,42515,634,42517,42519],{},[15,42516,34605],{},[15,42518,33888],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1286,42521,42522],{"id":31728},[15,42523,34605],{},[20,42525,1660,42526,42528],{},[15,42527,34605],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42530,42531],{},"It tells you:",[33,42533,42534,42537,42540],{},[36,42535,42536],{},"What something is",[36,42538,42539],{},"How to use it",[36,42541,42542],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1286,42544,42545],{"id":33949},[15,42546,33888],{},[20,42548,1660,42549,42551],{},[15,42550,33888],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[56,42553,42555],{"className":58,"code":42554,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dir(str)\n",[15,42556,42557],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42558,42559,42561,42563,42565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42560,33949],{"class":163},[65,42562,151],{"class":79},[65,42564,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42566,157],{"class":79},[20,42568,42569,42570,1491,42572,1494,42574,144],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42571,34046],{},[15,42573,8211],{},[15,42575,8217],{},[20,42577,42578,42579,191],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42580,34605],{},[56,42582,42584],{"className":58,"code":42583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42585,42586],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42587,42588,42590,42592,42594,42596,42598],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42589,31728],{"class":163},[65,42591,151],{"class":79},[65,42593,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42595,144],{"class":79},[65,42597,8217],{"class":24325},[65,42599,157],{"class":79},[20,42601,42602],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,42604,42605,42610],{},[36,42606,1660,42607,42609],{},[15,42608,33888],{}," to discover options",[36,42611,1660,42612,42614],{},[15,42613,34605],{}," to understand one option",[51,42616,2396],{"id":2395},[20,42618,42619,42620,144],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42621,34605],{},[1286,42623,7994,42625,42628,42629],{"id":42624},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42626,42627],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42630,42631],{},"help(len)",[20,42633,42634],{},"These are not always the same.",[56,42636,42638],{"className":58,"code":42637,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42639,42640,42650],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42641,42642,42644,42646,42648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42643,31728],{"class":163},[65,42645,151],{"class":79},[65,42647,10737],{"class":163},[65,42649,157],{"class":79},[65,42651,42652,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42653,31728],{"class":163},[65,42655,151],{"class":79},[65,42657,594],{"class":487},[65,42659,10737],{"class":491},[65,42661,594],{"class":487},[65,42663,157],{"class":79},[20,42665,42666,42668],{},[15,42667,42631],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42670,42671,42673,42674,42677],{},[15,42672,42627],{}," treats ",[15,42675,42676],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1286,42679,42681],{"id":42680},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42683,42684,42686],{},[15,42685,34605],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42688,42689],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1286,42691,42693],{"id":42692},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42695,39925,42696,42698],{},[15,42697,34605],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42700,267],{},[56,42702,42704],{"className":58,"code":42703,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42705,42706,42716],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42707,42708,42710,42712,42714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42709,31728],{"class":163},[65,42711,151],{"class":79},[65,42713,10737],{"class":163},[65,42715,157],{"class":79},[65,42717,42718,42720,42722,42724,42727,42729],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42719,164],{"class":163},[65,42721,151],{"class":79},[65,42723,488],{"class":487},[65,42725,42726],{"class":491},"Done",[65,42728,488],{"class":487},[65,42730,157],{"class":79},[20,42732,42733],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1286,42735,36784,42737,8282,42739],{"id":42736},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42738,34605],{},[15,42740,33888],{},[20,42742,42743,42744,144],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42745,33888],{},[20,42747,42748,42749,144],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42750,34605],{},[51,42752,42754],{"id":42753},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42756,42757],{},"Open Python:",[56,42759,42760],{"className":58,"code":35121,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,42761,42762],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42763,42764],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42765,35121],{"class":71},[20,42767,42768],{},"Then test these commands:",[56,42770,42772],{"className":58,"code":42771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42773,42774,42784,42798,42812,42822,42837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42775,42776,42778,42780,42782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42777,31728],{"class":163},[65,42779,151],{"class":79},[65,42781,10737],{"class":163},[65,42783,157],{"class":79},[65,42785,42786,42788,42790,42792,42794,42796],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42787,31728],{"class":163},[65,42789,151],{"class":79},[65,42791,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42793,144],{"class":79},[65,42795,34046],{"class":24325},[65,42797,157],{"class":79},[65,42799,42800,42802,42804,42806,42808,42810],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,42801,31728],{"class":163},[65,42803,151],{"class":79},[65,42805,7669],{"class":1259},[65,42807,144],{"class":79},[65,42809,13127],{"class":24325},[65,42811,157],{"class":79},[65,42813,42814,42816,42818,42820],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42815,31728],{"class":163},[65,42817,151],{"class":79},[65,42819,42010],{"class":163},[65,42821,157],{"class":79},[65,42823,42824,42826,42828,42830,42833,42835],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,42825,31728],{"class":163},[65,42827,151],{"class":79},[65,42829,594],{"class":487},[65,42831,42832],{"class":491},"keywords",[65,42834,594],{"class":487},[65,42836,157],{"class":79},[65,42838,42839,42841,42843,42845],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,42840,33949],{"class":163},[65,42842,151],{"class":79},[65,42844,3010],{"class":1259},[65,42846,157],{"class":79},[20,42848,42849],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,42851,42852,42855,42858,42861,42864,42867],{},[36,42853,42854],{},"A built-in function",[36,42856,42857],{},"A string method",[36,42859,42860],{},"A list method",[36,42862,42863],{},"A built-in file function",[36,42865,42866],{},"A special help topic",[36,42868,14764,42869,42871],{},[15,42870,33888],{}," example for comparison",[51,42873,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,42875,42877],{"id":42876},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42879,42880],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1286,42882,42884],{"id":42883},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42886,42887,42888,42890],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42889,34605],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[56,42892,42894],{"className":58,"code":42893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42895,42896,42908,42921,42940,42944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42897,42898,42900,42902,42904,42906],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42899,34429],{"class":1632},[65,42901,34433],{"class":34432},[65,42903,151],{"class":79},[65,42905,7241],{"class":37243},[65,42907,7918],{"class":79},[65,42909,42910,42914,42918],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,42911,42913],{"class":42912},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[65,42915,42917],{"class":42916},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[65,42919,42920],{"class":42912},"\"\"\"\n",[65,42922,42923,42925,42928,42931,42933,42935,42937],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,42924,34440],{"class":3444},[65,42926,42927],{"class":1632}," f",[65,42929,42930],{"class":491},"\"Hello, ",[65,42932,360],{"class":83},[65,42934,7241],{"class":71},[65,42936,21878],{"class":83},[65,42938,42939],{"class":491},"!\"\n",[65,42941,42942],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42943,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,42945,42946,42948,42950,42952],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,42947,31728],{"class":163},[65,42949,151],{"class":79},[65,42951,34475],{"class":147},[65,42953,157],{"class":79},[1286,42955,42957],{"id":42956},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42959,42960,42962,42963,42965],{},[15,42961,42631],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42964,42627],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1286,42967,42969],{"id":42968},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42971,42972],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[51,42974,1455],{"id":1454},[33,42976,42977,42982,42986,42991,42996],{},[36,42978,42979],{},[210,42980,42981],{"href":42189},"Python dir() function explained",[36,42983,42984],{},[210,42985,8019],{"href":1866},[36,42987,42988],{},[210,42989,42990],{"href":41941},"Python len() function explained",[36,42992,42993],{},[210,42994,42995],{"href":42236},"How import works in Python",[36,42997,42998],{},[210,42999,34735],{"href":42241},[20,43001,43002,43003,43005,43006,1491,43008,1494,43010,43012,43013,214,43016,43019],{},"Try ",[15,43004,34605],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43007,10737],{},[15,43009,164],{},[15,43011,42046],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43014,43015],{},"dir(str)",[15,43017,43018],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1499,43021,43022],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":43024},[43025,43026,43027,43028,43034,43035,43036,43037,43041,43049,43050,43056],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":41906,"depth":101,"text":41907},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":42031,"depth":101,"text":42032,"children":43029},[43030,43031,43032,43033],{"id":42035,"depth":126,"text":42036},{"id":42088,"depth":126,"text":42089},{"id":34083,"depth":126,"text":41926},{"id":34236,"depth":126,"text":41929},{"id":34495,"depth":101,"text":34496},{"id":42308,"depth":101,"text":42309},{"id":42369,"depth":101,"text":42370},{"id":42511,"depth":101,"text":42512,"children":43038},[43039,43040],{"id":31728,"depth":126,"text":34605},{"id":33949,"depth":126,"text":33888},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":43042},[43043,43045,43046,43047],{"id":42624,"depth":126,"text":43044},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42680,"depth":126,"text":42681},{"id":42692,"depth":126,"text":42693},{"id":42736,"depth":126,"text":43048},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42753,"depth":101,"text":42754},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":43051},[43052,43053,43054,43055],{"id":42876,"depth":126,"text":42877},{"id":42883,"depth":126,"text":42884},{"id":42956,"depth":126,"text":42957},{"id":42968,"depth":126,"text":42969},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41835,"description":43057},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43063,"title":43064,"body":43065,"description":44426,"extension":1528,"meta":44427,"navigation":129,"path":44428,"seo":44429,"stem":44430,"__hash__":44431},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43066,"toc":44399},[43067,43073,43078,43084,43094,43153,43163,43174,43179,43185,43187,43205,43213,43215,43217,43232,43235,43246,43248,43339,43342,43346,43351,43372,43374,43485,43487,43514,43525,43529,43532,43615,43617,43625,43631,43637,43641,43644,43754,43756,43769,43772,43786,43794,43801,43806,43820,43826,43939,43941,44002,44005,44011,44017,44020,44042,44045,44115,44118,44150,44157,44159,44162,44180,44183,44195,44201,44203,44208,44233,44236,44308,44310,44316,44319,44325,44328,44334,44344,44350,44353,44360,44363,44365,44396],[10,43068,3143,43070,3147],{"id":43069},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43071,43072],{},"id()",[20,43074,31893,43075,43077],{},[15,43076,43072],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43079,43080,43081,43083],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43082,43072],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43085,1660,43086,43088,43089,43091,43092,144],{},[15,43087,43072],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[43,43090,45],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43093,4256],{},[56,43095,43097],{"className":58,"code":43096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43098,43099,43111,43125,43129,43139],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43100,43101,43103,43105,43107,43109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43102,7451],{"class":71},[65,43104,76],{"class":75},[65,43106,499],{"class":487},[65,43108,6869],{"class":491},[65,43110,2925],{"class":487},[65,43112,43113,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43114,164],{"class":163},[65,43116,151],{"class":79},[65,43118,12225],{"class":163},[65,43120,151],{"class":79},[65,43122,7241],{"class":147},[65,43124,1028],{"class":79},[65,43126,43127],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43128,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43130,43131,43134,43136],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43132,43133],{"class":71},"other ",[65,43135,76],{"class":75},[65,43137,43138],{"class":71}," name\n",[65,43140,43141,43143,43145,43147,43149,43151],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43142,164],{"class":163},[65,43144,151],{"class":79},[65,43146,12225],{"class":163},[65,43148,151],{"class":79},[65,43150,30318],{"class":147},[65,43152,1028],{"class":79},[20,43154,43155,43156,43159,43160,43162],{},"In this example, ",[15,43157,43158],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43161,43072],{}," values match.",[43164,43165,43166],"blockquote",{},[20,43167,1660,43168,43170,43171,43173],{},[15,43169,43072],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43172,4256],{}," for value comparison.",[51,43175,183,43177,186],{"id":43176},"what-id-does",[15,43178,43072],{},[20,43180,43181,43184],{},[15,43182,43183],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43186,12628],{},[33,43188,43189,43192,43199,43202],{},[36,43190,43191],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,43193,43194,43195,43198],{},"It shows ",[43,43196,43197],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,43200,43201],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,43203,43204],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43206,43207,43208,43212],{},"This is closely related to how ",[210,43209,43211],{"href":43210},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[51,43214,222],{"id":221},[20,43216,5003],{},[56,43218,43220],{"className":58,"code":43219,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"id(object)\n",[15,43221,43222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43223,43224,43226,43228,43230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43225,12225],{"class":163},[65,43227,151],{"class":79},[65,43229,41982],{"class":1259},[65,43231,157],{"class":79},[20,43233,43234],{},"Important details:",[33,43236,43237,43240,43243],{},[36,43238,43239],{},"It takes one argument",[36,43241,43242],{},"It returns an integer",[36,43244,43245],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43247,267],{},[56,43249,43251],{"className":58,"code":43250,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43252,43253,43265,43273,43293,43297,43311,43325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43254,43255,43257,43259,43261,43263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43256,34265],{"class":71},[65,43258,76],{"class":75},[65,43260,499],{"class":487},[65,43262,3412],{"class":491},[65,43264,2925],{"class":487},[65,43266,43267,43269,43271],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43268,1785],{"class":71},[65,43270,76],{"class":75},[65,43272,2335],{"class":83},[65,43274,43275,43277,43279,43281,43283,43285,43287,43289,43291],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43276,7353],{"class":71},[65,43278,76],{"class":75},[65,43280,1339],{"class":79},[65,43282,84],{"class":83},[65,43284,87],{"class":79},[65,43286,90],{"class":83},[65,43288,87],{"class":79},[65,43290,95],{"class":83},[65,43292,1352],{"class":79},[65,43294,43295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43296,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43298,43299,43301,43303,43305,43307,43309],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43300,164],{"class":163},[65,43302,151],{"class":79},[65,43304,12225],{"class":163},[65,43306,151],{"class":79},[65,43308,34286],{"class":147},[65,43310,1028],{"class":79},[65,43312,43313,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,43314,164],{"class":163},[65,43316,151],{"class":79},[65,43318,12225],{"class":163},[65,43320,151],{"class":79},[65,43322,1807],{"class":147},[65,43324,1028],{"class":79},[65,43326,43327,43329,43331,43333,43335,43337],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,43328,164],{"class":163},[65,43330,151],{"class":79},[65,43332,12225],{"class":163},[65,43334,151],{"class":79},[65,43336,7384],{"class":147},[65,43338,1028],{"class":79},[20,43340,43341],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[51,43343,43345],{"id":43344},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43347,43348,43349,144],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43350,43072],{},[33,43352,43353,43360,43367],{},[36,43354,43355,43357,43358],{},[15,43356,4256],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[43,43359,2040],{},[36,43361,43362,43364,43365],{},[15,43363,11769],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[43,43366,41982],{},[36,43368,43369,43371],{},[15,43370,43072],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43373,267],{},[56,43375,43377],{"className":58,"code":43376,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43378,43379,43399,43419,43423,43440,43457,43471],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43380,43381,43383,43385,43387,43389,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43382,72],{"class":71},[65,43384,76],{"class":75},[65,43386,1339],{"class":79},[65,43388,84],{"class":83},[65,43390,87],{"class":79},[65,43392,90],{"class":83},[65,43394,87],{"class":79},[65,43396,95],{"class":83},[65,43398,1352],{"class":79},[65,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409,43411,43413,43415,43417],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43402,104],{"class":71},[65,43404,76],{"class":75},[65,43406,1339],{"class":79},[65,43408,84],{"class":83},[65,43410,87],{"class":79},[65,43412,90],{"class":83},[65,43414,87],{"class":79},[65,43416,95],{"class":83},[65,43418,1352],{"class":79},[65,43420,43421],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43422,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43424,43425,43427,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43426,164],{"class":163},[65,43428,151],{"class":79},[65,43430,72],{"class":147},[65,43432,4256],{"class":75},[65,43434,2126],{"class":147},[65,43436,172],{"class":79},[65,43438,43439],{"class":175},"   # True\n",[65,43441,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450,43452,43454],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43443,164],{"class":163},[65,43445,151],{"class":79},[65,43447,72],{"class":147},[65,43449,11769],{"class":3444},[65,43451,2126],{"class":147},[65,43453,172],{"class":79},[65,43455,43456],{"class":175},"   # False\n",[65,43458,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,43460,164],{"class":163},[65,43462,151],{"class":79},[65,43464,12225],{"class":163},[65,43466,151],{"class":79},[65,43468,210],{"class":147},[65,43470,1028],{"class":79},[65,43472,43473,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,43474,164],{"class":163},[65,43476,151],{"class":79},[65,43478,12225],{"class":163},[65,43480,151],{"class":79},[65,43482,154],{"class":147},[65,43484,1028],{"class":79},[20,43486,1747],{},[33,43488,43489,43497,43505],{},[36,43490,43491,4351,43494,43496],{},[15,43492,43493],{},"a == b",[15,43495,3172],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,43498,43499,4351,43502,43504],{},[15,43500,43501],{},"a is b",[15,43503,3240],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,43506,43507,634,43510,43513],{},[15,43508,43509],{},"id(a)",[15,43511,43512],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43515,43516,43517,634,43521,144],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[210,43518,43520],{"href":43519},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[210,43522,43524],{"href":43523},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[51,43526,43528],{"id":43527},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43530,43531],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[56,43533,43535],{"className":58,"code":43534,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43536,43537,43557,43567,43571,43585,43600],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43538,43539,43541,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551,43553,43555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43540,3185],{"class":71},[65,43542,76],{"class":75},[65,43544,1339],{"class":79},[65,43546,1898],{"class":83},[65,43548,87],{"class":79},[65,43550,7364],{"class":83},[65,43552,87],{"class":79},[65,43554,7369],{"class":83},[65,43556,1352],{"class":79},[65,43558,43559,43562,43564],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43560,43561],{"class":71},"other_numbers ",[65,43563,76],{"class":75},[65,43565,43566],{"class":71}," numbers\n",[65,43568,43569],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43570,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43572,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43574,164],{"class":163},[65,43576,151],{"class":79},[65,43578,12225],{"class":163},[65,43580,151],{"class":79},[65,43582,3215],{"class":147},[65,43584,1028],{"class":79},[65,43586,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43598],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43588,164],{"class":163},[65,43590,151],{"class":79},[65,43592,12225],{"class":163},[65,43594,151],{"class":79},[65,43596,43597],{"class":147},"other_numbers",[65,43599,1028],{"class":79},[65,43601,43602,43604,43606,43608,43610,43613],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,43603,164],{"class":163},[65,43605,151],{"class":79},[65,43607,3185],{"class":147},[65,43609,11769],{"class":3444},[65,43611,43612],{"class":147}," other_numbers",[65,43614,157],{"class":79},[20,43616,5128],{},[56,43618,43619],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,43620,43621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43622,43623],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43624,3549],{"class":3419},[20,43626,43627,43628,43630],{},"The two ",[15,43629,43072],{}," values will also match.",[20,43632,21764,43633,43636],{},[15,43634,43635],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[51,43638,43640],{"id":43639},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43642,43643],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[56,43645,43647],{"className":58,"code":43646,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43648,43649,43670,43691,43695,43710,43724,43739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43650,43651,43654,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43652,43653],{"class":71},"list_a ",[65,43655,76],{"class":75},[65,43657,1339],{"class":79},[65,43659,84],{"class":83},[65,43661,87],{"class":79},[65,43663,90],{"class":83},[65,43665,87],{"class":79},[65,43667,95],{"class":83},[65,43669,1352],{"class":79},[65,43671,43672,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43673,43674],{"class":71},"list_b ",[65,43676,76],{"class":75},[65,43678,1339],{"class":79},[65,43680,84],{"class":83},[65,43682,87],{"class":79},[65,43684,90],{"class":83},[65,43686,87],{"class":79},[65,43688,95],{"class":83},[65,43690,1352],{"class":79},[65,43692,43693],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43694,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43696,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705,43708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43698,164],{"class":163},[65,43700,151],{"class":79},[65,43702,43653],{"class":147},[65,43704,4256],{"class":75},[65,43706,43707],{"class":147}," list_b",[65,43709,157],{"class":79},[65,43711,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720,43722],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43713,164],{"class":163},[65,43715,151],{"class":79},[65,43717,43653],{"class":147},[65,43719,11769],{"class":3444},[65,43721,43707],{"class":147},[65,43723,157],{"class":79},[65,43725,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43737],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,43727,164],{"class":163},[65,43729,151],{"class":79},[65,43731,12225],{"class":163},[65,43733,151],{"class":79},[65,43735,43736],{"class":147},"list_a",[65,43738,1028],{"class":79},[65,43740,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749,43752],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,43742,164],{"class":163},[65,43744,151],{"class":79},[65,43746,12225],{"class":163},[65,43748,151],{"class":79},[65,43750,43751],{"class":147},"list_b",[65,43753,1028],{"class":79},[20,43755,5128],{},[56,43757,43759],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43760,43761,43765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43762,43763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43764,3549],{"class":3419},[65,43766,43767],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43768,3610],{"class":3419},[20,43770,43771],{},"What this means:",[33,43773,43774,43777,43780],{},[36,43775,43776],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,43778,43779],{},"They are not the same object",[36,43781,43782,43783,43785],{},"Their ",[15,43784,43072],{}," values are usually different",[20,43787,43788,43789,43791,43792,144],{},"This is why ",[15,43790,43072],{}," should not replace ",[15,43793,4256],{},[51,43795,43797,43798,43800],{"id":43796},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43799,43072],{}," is useful",[20,43802,43803,43805],{},[15,43804,43072],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,43807,43808,43811,43814,43817],{},[36,43809,43810],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,43812,43813],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,43815,43816],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,43818,43819],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43821,43822,43823,43825],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43824,43072],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[56,43827,43829],{"className":58,"code":43828,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43830,43831,43855,43864,43868,43887,43891,43901,43911,43925],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43832,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43834,11661],{"class":71},[65,43836,76],{"class":75},[65,43838,1339],{"class":79},[65,43840,488],{"class":487},[65,43842,210],{"class":491},[65,43844,488],{"class":487},[65,43846,87],{"class":79},[65,43848,499],{"class":487},[65,43850,154],{"class":491},[65,43852,488],{"class":487},[65,43854,1352],{"class":79},[65,43856,43857,43860,43862],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43858,43859],{"class":71},"copy_ref ",[65,43861,76],{"class":75},[65,43863,11699],{"class":71},[65,43865,43866],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,43867,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43869,43870,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43871,43872],{"class":71},"copy_ref",[65,43874,144],{"class":79},[65,43876,13127],{"class":147},[65,43878,151],{"class":79},[65,43880,488],{"class":487},[65,43882,9317],{"class":491},[65,43884,488],{"class":487},[65,43886,157],{"class":79},[65,43888,43889],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,43890,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,43894,164],{"class":163},[65,43896,151],{"class":79},[65,43898,11708],{"class":147},[65,43900,157],{"class":79},[65,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,43904,164],{"class":163},[65,43906,151],{"class":79},[65,43908,43872],{"class":147},[65,43910,157],{"class":79},[65,43912,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,43914,164],{"class":163},[65,43916,151],{"class":79},[65,43918,12225],{"class":163},[65,43920,151],{"class":79},[65,43922,11708],{"class":147},[65,43924,1028],{"class":79},[65,43926,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,43928,164],{"class":163},[65,43930,151],{"class":79},[65,43932,12225],{"class":163},[65,43934,151],{"class":79},[65,43936,43872],{"class":147},[65,43938,1028],{"class":79},[20,43940,5128],{},[56,43942,43944],{"className":58,"code":43943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43945,43946,43974],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43947,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43949,3469],{"class":79},[65,43951,594],{"class":487},[65,43953,210],{"class":491},[65,43955,594],{"class":487},[65,43957,87],{"class":79},[65,43959,603],{"class":487},[65,43961,154],{"class":491},[65,43963,594],{"class":487},[65,43965,87],{"class":79},[65,43967,603],{"class":487},[65,43969,9317],{"class":491},[65,43971,594],{"class":487},[65,43973,1352],{"class":79},[65,43975,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,43977,3469],{"class":79},[65,43979,594],{"class":487},[65,43981,210],{"class":491},[65,43983,594],{"class":487},[65,43985,87],{"class":79},[65,43987,603],{"class":487},[65,43989,154],{"class":491},[65,43991,594],{"class":487},[65,43993,87],{"class":79},[65,43995,603],{"class":487},[65,43997,9317],{"class":491},[65,43999,594],{"class":487},[65,44001,1352],{"class":79},[20,44003,44004],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[51,44006,44008,44009],{"id":44007},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44010,43072],{},[20,44012,44013,44014,44016],{},"Do not use ",[15,44015,43072],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44018,44019],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,44021,44022,44028,44034,44037],{},[36,44023,44024,44025,44027],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44026,4256],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,44029,44030,44031,44033],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44032,43072],{}," values across program runs",[36,44035,44036],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,44038,44039,44040],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44041,43072],{},[20,44043,44044],{},"Bad example:",[56,44046,44048],{"className":58,"code":44047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44049,44050,44062,44074,44078,44100],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44051,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44053,72],{"class":71},[65,44055,76],{"class":75},[65,44057,499],{"class":487},[65,44059,36627],{"class":491},[65,44061,2925],{"class":487},[65,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44065,104],{"class":71},[65,44067,76],{"class":75},[65,44069,499],{"class":487},[65,44071,36627],{"class":491},[65,44073,2925],{"class":487},[65,44075,44076],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44077,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,44079,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44081,6569],{"class":3444},[65,44083,14391],{"class":163},[65,44085,151],{"class":79},[65,44087,210],{"class":147},[65,44089,172],{"class":79},[65,44091,5978],{"class":75},[65,44093,14391],{"class":163},[65,44095,151],{"class":79},[65,44097,154],{"class":147},[65,44099,7918],{"class":79},[65,44101,44102,44104,44106,44108,44111,44113],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,44103,7644],{"class":163},[65,44105,151],{"class":79},[65,44107,488],{"class":487},[65,44109,44110],{"class":491},"The values are equal",[65,44112,488],{"class":487},[65,44114,157],{"class":79},[20,44116,44117],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[56,44119,44121],{"className":58,"code":44120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44122,44123,44136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44124,44125,44127,44130,44132,44134],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44126,6569],{"class":3444},[65,44128,44129],{"class":71}," a ",[65,44131,4256],{"class":75},[65,44133,2126],{"class":71},[65,44135,5963],{"class":79},[65,44137,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44139,7644],{"class":163},[65,44141,151],{"class":79},[65,44143,488],{"class":487},[65,44145,44110],{"class":491},[65,44147,488],{"class":487},[65,44149,157],{"class":79},[20,44151,1660,44152,214,44154,44156],{},[15,44153,11769],{},[15,44155,43072],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[51,44158,20376],{"id":20375},[20,44160,44161],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,44163,44164,44167,44170,44175],{},[36,44165,44166],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,44168,44169],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,44171,44172,44173],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44174,43072],{},[36,44176,44177,44178],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44179,43072],{},[20,44181,44182],{},"The important rule is:",[33,44184,44185,44190],{},[36,44186,1660,44187,44189],{},[15,44188,4256],{}," to check value",[36,44191,1660,44192,44194],{},[15,44193,11769],{}," to check identity",[20,44196,44197,44198,44200],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44199,43072],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[51,44202,2396],{"id":2395},[20,44204,44205,44206,191],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44207,43072],{},[33,44209,44210,44217,44220,44223,44228],{},[36,44211,7994,44212,1169,44214,44216],{},[15,44213,43072],{},[15,44215,4256],{}," should be used",[36,44218,44219],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,44221,44222],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,44224,44225,44226],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44227,43072],{},[36,44229,7994,44230,44232],{},[15,44231,43072],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44234,44235],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[56,44237,44239],{"className":58,"code":44238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44240,44241,44256,44270,44284,44298],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44242,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251,44254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44244,164],{"class":163},[65,44246,151],{"class":79},[65,44248,12225],{"class":163},[65,44250,151],{"class":79},[65,44252,44253],{"class":147},"my_object",[65,44255,1028],{"class":79},[65,44257,44258,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44259,164],{"class":163},[65,44261,151],{"class":79},[65,44263,72],{"class":147},[65,44265,4256],{"class":75},[65,44267,2126],{"class":147},[65,44269,157],{"class":79},[65,44271,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44273,164],{"class":163},[65,44275,151],{"class":79},[65,44277,72],{"class":147},[65,44279,11769],{"class":3444},[65,44281,2126],{"class":147},[65,44283,157],{"class":79},[65,44285,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44287,164],{"class":163},[65,44289,151],{"class":79},[65,44291,1260],{"class":1259},[65,44293,151],{"class":79},[65,44295,44253],{"class":147},[65,44297,1028],{"class":79},[65,44299,44300,44302,44304,44306],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,44301,31728],{"class":163},[65,44303,151],{"class":79},[65,44305,12225],{"class":163},[65,44307,157],{"class":79},[51,44309,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,44311,44313,44314,12291],{"id":44312},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44315,43072],{},[20,44317,44318],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1286,44320,14478,44322,44324],{"id":44321},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44323,43072],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44326,44327],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1286,44329,20995,44331,44333],{"id":44330},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44332,43072],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44335,29845,44336,44338,44339,214,44341,44343],{},[15,44337,4256],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44340,43072],{},[15,44342,11769],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1286,44345,44347,44348,1304],{"id":44346},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44349,43072],{},[20,44351,44352],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1286,44354,44356,44357,44359],{"id":44355},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44358,43072],{}," values?",[20,44361,44362],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[51,44364,1455],{"id":1454},[33,44366,44367,44372,44377,44382,44390],{},[36,44368,44369],{},[210,44370,44371],{"href":43210},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,44373,44374],{},[210,44375,44376],{"href":43519},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,44378,44379],{},[210,44380,44381],{"href":43523},"Python data types overview",[36,44383,44384],{},[210,44385,3143,44387,3076],{"href":44386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44388,44389],{},"isinstance()",[36,44391,44392],{},[210,44393,44395],{"href":44394},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1499,44397,44398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":44400},[44401,44403,44404,44405,44406,44407,44409,44411,44412,44413,44425],{"id":43176,"depth":101,"text":44402},"What id() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":43344,"depth":101,"text":43345},{"id":43527,"depth":101,"text":43528},{"id":43639,"depth":101,"text":43640},{"id":43796,"depth":101,"text":44408},"When id() is useful",{"id":44007,"depth":101,"text":44410},"When not to use id()",{"id":20375,"depth":101,"text":20376},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":44414},[44415,44417,44419,44421,44423],{"id":44312,"depth":126,"text":44416},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44321,"depth":126,"text":44418},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44330,"depth":126,"text":44420},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44346,"depth":126,"text":44422},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44355,"depth":126,"text":44424},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43064,"description":44426},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44433,"title":41777,"body":44434,"description":46074,"extension":1528,"meta":46075,"navigation":129,"path":46076,"seo":46077,"stem":46078,"__hash__":46079},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44435,"toc":46040},[44436,44441,44446,44449,44451,44494,44499,44502,44507,44512,44515,44531,44533,44577,44579,44606,44608,44623,44625,44627,44629,44645,44647,44659,44662,44696,44699,44724,44729,44731,44736,44740,44743,44745,44793,44795,44828,44834,44845,44847,44899,44901,44932,44934,44938,44942,44985,44991,44997,45049,45057,45062,45066,45157,45159,45192,45195,45197,45257,45259,45285,45295,45297,45301,45306,45311,45313,45350,45352,45371,45374,45378,45381,45437,45449,45458,45460,45487,45495,45502,45506,45509,45546,45549,45555,45592,45594,45598,45604,45622,45627,45675,45679,45768,45771,45778,45780,45782,45787,45805,45807,45850,45856,45873,45875,45937,45939,45941,45947,45955,45961,45967,45976,45986,45990,45998,46000,46002,46037],[10,44437,3143,44439,3147],{"id":44438},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44440,2524],{},[20,44442,1545,44443,44445],{},[15,44444,2524],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44447,44448],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[51,44450,1570],{"id":1569},[56,44452,44454],{"className":58,"code":44453,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44455,44456,44475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44457,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44471,44473],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44459,7451],{"class":71},[65,44461,76],{"class":75},[65,44463,7818],{"class":163},[65,44465,151],{"class":79},[65,44467,488],{"class":487},[65,44469,44470],{"class":491},"Enter your name: ",[65,44472,488],{"class":487},[65,44474,157],{"class":79},[65,44476,44477,44479,44481,44483,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44478,164],{"class":163},[65,44480,151],{"class":79},[65,44482,488],{"class":487},[65,44484,44485],{"class":491},"Hello, ",[65,44487,488],{"class":487},[65,44489,2022],{"class":75},[65,44491,35571],{"class":147},[65,44493,157],{"class":79},[20,44495,1660,44496,44498],{},[15,44497,2524],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44500,44501],"hr",{},[51,44503,183,44505,186],{"id":44504},"what-input-does",[15,44506,2524],{},[20,44508,44509,44511],{},[15,44510,2524],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44513,44514],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,44516,44517,44522,44525,44528],{},[36,44518,44519,44521],{},[15,44520,2524],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,44523,44524],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,44526,44527],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,44529,44530],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44532,267],{},[56,44534,44536],{"className":58,"code":44535,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44537,44538,44558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44539,44540,44543,44545,44547,44549,44551,44554,44556],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44541,44542],{"class":71},"color ",[65,44544,76],{"class":75},[65,44546,7818],{"class":163},[65,44548,151],{"class":79},[65,44550,488],{"class":487},[65,44552,44553],{"class":491},"What is your favorite color? ",[65,44555,488],{"class":487},[65,44557,157],{"class":79},[65,44559,44560,44562,44564,44566,44569,44571,44573,44575],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44561,164],{"class":163},[65,44563,151],{"class":79},[65,44565,488],{"class":487},[65,44567,44568],{"class":491},"Your favorite color is",[65,44570,488],{"class":487},[65,44572,87],{"class":79},[65,44574,35430],{"class":147},[65,44576,157],{"class":79},[20,44578,1046],{},[56,44580,44582],{"className":58,"code":44581,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44583,44584,44597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44585,44586,44588,44590,44593,44595],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44587,183],{"class":71},[65,44589,11769],{"class":75},[65,44591,44592],{"class":71}," your favorite color",[65,44594,1304],{"class":36947},[65,44596,35460],{"class":71},[65,44598,44599,44602,44604],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44600,44601],{"class":71},"Your favorite color ",[65,44603,11769],{"class":75},[65,44605,35460],{"class":71},[20,44607,19532],{},[33,44609,44610,44615,44620],{},[36,44611,44612,44613],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44614,44553],{},[36,44616,44617,44618],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44619,32467],{},[36,44621,44622],{},"That value is then printed",[44500,44624],{},[51,44626,222],{"id":221},[20,44628,6790],{},[56,44630,44632],{"className":58,"code":44631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44633,44634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44635,44636,44638,44640,44643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44637,42046],{"class":163},[65,44639,151],{"class":79},[65,44641,44642],{"class":147},"prompt",[65,44644,157],{"class":79},[20,44646,11034],{},[33,44648,44649,44653,44656],{},[36,44650,1545,44651,19614],{},[15,44652,44642],{},[36,44654,44655],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,44657,44658],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44660,44661],{},"Example with a prompt:",[56,44663,44665],{"className":58,"code":44664,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44666,44667,44686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44668,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677,44679,44682,44684],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44670,7536],{"class":71},[65,44672,76],{"class":75},[65,44674,7818],{"class":163},[65,44676,151],{"class":79},[65,44678,488],{"class":487},[65,44680,44681],{"class":491},"Enter your username: ",[65,44683,488],{"class":487},[65,44685,157],{"class":79},[65,44687,44688,44690,44692,44694],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44689,164],{"class":163},[65,44691,151],{"class":79},[65,44693,7560],{"class":147},[65,44695,157],{"class":79},[20,44697,44698],{},"Example without a prompt:",[56,44700,44702],{"className":58,"code":44701,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44703,44704,44714],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44705,44706,44708,44710,44712],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44707,2015],{"class":71},[65,44709,76],{"class":75},[65,44711,7818],{"class":163},[65,44713,8220],{"class":79},[65,44715,44716,44718,44720,44722],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44717,164],{"class":163},[65,44719,151],{"class":79},[65,44721,2040],{"class":147},[65,44723,157],{"class":79},[20,44725,7336,44726,44728],{},[15,44727,2524],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44500,44730],{},[51,44732,183,44734,11280],{"id":44733},"what-input-returns",[15,44735,2524],{},[20,44737,44738,7801],{},[15,44739,2524],{},[20,44741,44742],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44744,267],{},[56,44746,44748],{"className":58,"code":44747,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44749,44750,44769,44779],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44751,44752,44754,44756,44758,44760,44762,44765,44767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44753,21203],{"class":71},[65,44755,76],{"class":75},[65,44757,7818],{"class":163},[65,44759,151],{"class":79},[65,44761,488],{"class":487},[65,44763,44764],{"class":491},"Enter your age: ",[65,44766,488],{"class":487},[65,44768,157],{"class":79},[65,44770,44771,44773,44775,44777],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44772,164],{"class":163},[65,44774,151],{"class":79},[65,44776,8877],{"class":147},[65,44778,157],{"class":79},[65,44780,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44782,164],{"class":163},[65,44784,151],{"class":79},[65,44786,1260],{"class":1259},[65,44788,151],{"class":79},[65,44790,8877],{"class":147},[65,44792,1028],{"class":79},[20,44794,1046],{},[56,44796,44798],{"className":58,"code":44797,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44799,44800,44810,44814],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44801,44802,44805,44807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44803,44804],{"class":71},"Enter your age",[65,44806,191],{"class":79},[65,44808,44809],{"class":83}," 25\n",[65,44811,44812],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44813,2275],{"class":83},[65,44815,44816,44818,44820,44822,44824,44826],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44817,2857],{"class":75},[65,44819,2860],{"class":1632},[65,44821,603],{"class":487},[65,44823,3010],{"class":491},[65,44825,594],{"class":487},[65,44827,2869],{"class":75},[20,44829,44830,44831,44833],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44832,8772],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44835,44836,44837,214,44841,144],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[210,44838,44839],{"href":2441},[15,44840,2444],{},[210,44842,44843],{"href":2447},[15,44844,2450],{},[20,44846,267],{},[56,44848,44850],{"className":58,"code":44849,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44851,44852,44875,44885],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44853,44854,44856,44858,44861,44863,44865,44867,44869,44871,44873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44855,21203],{"class":71},[65,44857,76],{"class":75},[65,44859,44860],{"class":1259}," int",[65,44862,151],{"class":79},[65,44864,42046],{"class":163},[65,44866,151],{"class":79},[65,44868,488],{"class":487},[65,44870,44764],{"class":491},[65,44872,488],{"class":487},[65,44874,1028],{"class":79},[65,44876,44877,44879,44881,44883],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44878,164],{"class":163},[65,44880,151],{"class":79},[65,44882,8877],{"class":147},[65,44884,157],{"class":79},[65,44886,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895,44897],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44888,164],{"class":163},[65,44890,151],{"class":79},[65,44892,1260],{"class":1259},[65,44894,151],{"class":79},[65,44896,8877],{"class":147},[65,44898,1028],{"class":79},[20,44900,1046],{},[56,44902,44904],{"className":58,"code":44903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44905,44906,44914,44918],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44907,44908,44910,44912],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44909,44804],{"class":71},[65,44911,191],{"class":79},[65,44913,44809],{"class":83},[65,44915,44916],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44917,2275],{"class":83},[65,44919,44920,44922,44924,44926,44928,44930],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,44921,2857],{"class":75},[65,44923,2860],{"class":1632},[65,44925,603],{"class":487},[65,44927,1757],{"class":491},[65,44929,594],{"class":487},[65,44931,2869],{"class":75},[44500,44933],{},[51,44935,44937],{"id":44936},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1286,44939,44941],{"id":44940},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[56,44943,44945],{"className":58,"code":44944,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44946,44947,44966],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44948,44949,44951,44953,44955,44957,44959,44962,44964],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44950,7451],{"class":71},[65,44952,76],{"class":75},[65,44954,7818],{"class":163},[65,44956,151],{"class":79},[65,44958,488],{"class":487},[65,44960,44961],{"class":491},"What is your name? ",[65,44963,488],{"class":487},[65,44965,157],{"class":79},[65,44967,44968,44970,44972,44974,44977,44979,44981,44983],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,44969,164],{"class":163},[65,44971,151],{"class":79},[65,44973,488],{"class":487},[65,44975,44976],{"class":491},"Hello,",[65,44978,488],{"class":487},[65,44980,87],{"class":79},[65,44982,35571],{"class":147},[65,44984,157],{"class":79},[20,44986,44987,44988,44990],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44989,7241],{}," and prints it.",[1286,44992,44994,44995],{"id":44993},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44996,2444],{},[56,44998,45000],{"className":58,"code":44999,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45001,45002,45025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45003,45004,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016,45018,45021,45023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45005,21203],{"class":71},[65,45007,76],{"class":75},[65,45009,44860],{"class":1259},[65,45011,151],{"class":79},[65,45013,42046],{"class":163},[65,45015,151],{"class":79},[65,45017,488],{"class":487},[65,45019,45020],{"class":491},"How old are you? ",[65,45022,488],{"class":487},[65,45024,1028],{"class":79},[65,45026,45027,45029,45031,45033,45036,45038,45040,45043,45045,45047],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45028,164],{"class":163},[65,45030,151],{"class":79},[65,45032,488],{"class":487},[65,45034,45035],{"class":491},"Next year you will be",[65,45037,488],{"class":487},[65,45039,87],{"class":79},[65,45041,45042],{"class":147}," age ",[65,45044,1627],{"class":75},[65,45046,5066],{"class":83},[65,45048,157],{"class":79},[20,45050,5630,45051,45053,45054,45056],{},[15,45052,2444],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45055,2524],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45058,45059,45060,144],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[210,45061,8559],{"href":8558},[1286,45063,45065],{"id":45064},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[56,45067,45069],{"className":58,"code":45068,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45070,45071,45095,45119,45133,45137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45072,45073,45076,45078,45080,45082,45084,45086,45088,45091,45093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45074,45075],{"class":71},"num1 ",[65,45077,76],{"class":75},[65,45079,44860],{"class":1259},[65,45081,151],{"class":79},[65,45083,42046],{"class":163},[65,45085,151],{"class":79},[65,45087,488],{"class":487},[65,45089,45090],{"class":491},"Enter the first number: ",[65,45092,488],{"class":487},[65,45094,1028],{"class":79},[65,45096,45097,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45112,45115,45117],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45098,45099],{"class":71},"num2 ",[65,45101,76],{"class":75},[65,45103,44860],{"class":1259},[65,45105,151],{"class":79},[65,45107,42046],{"class":163},[65,45109,151],{"class":79},[65,45111,488],{"class":487},[65,45113,45114],{"class":491},"Enter the second number: ",[65,45116,488],{"class":487},[65,45118,1028],{"class":79},[65,45120,45121,45123,45125,45128,45130],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45122,40765],{"class":71},[65,45124,76],{"class":75},[65,45126,45127],{"class":71}," num1 ",[65,45129,1627],{"class":75},[65,45131,45132],{"class":71}," num2\n",[65,45134,45135],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45136,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,45138,45139,45141,45143,45145,45148,45150,45152,45155],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,45140,164],{"class":163},[65,45142,151],{"class":79},[65,45144,488],{"class":487},[65,45146,45147],{"class":491},"Total:",[65,45149,488],{"class":487},[65,45151,87],{"class":79},[65,45153,45154],{"class":147}," total",[65,45156,157],{"class":79},[20,45158,1046],{},[56,45160,45162],{"className":58,"code":45161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45163,45164,45174,45183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45165,45166,45169,45171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45167,45168],{"class":71},"Enter the first number",[65,45170,191],{"class":79},[65,45172,45173],{"class":83}," 2\n",[65,45175,45176,45179,45181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45177,45178],{"class":71},"Enter the second number",[65,45180,191],{"class":79},[65,45182,2144],{"class":83},[65,45184,45185,45188,45190],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45186,45187],{"class":71},"Total",[65,45189,191],{"class":79},[65,45191,34420],{"class":83},[20,45193,45194],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45196,267],{},[56,45198,45200],{"className":58,"code":45199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45201,45202,45220,45238,45242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45203,45204,45206,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45205,45075],{"class":71},[65,45207,76],{"class":75},[65,45209,7818],{"class":163},[65,45211,151],{"class":79},[65,45213,488],{"class":487},[65,45215,45090],{"class":491},[65,45217,488],{"class":487},[65,45219,157],{"class":79},[65,45221,45222,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45223,45099],{"class":71},[65,45225,76],{"class":75},[65,45227,7818],{"class":163},[65,45229,151],{"class":79},[65,45231,488],{"class":487},[65,45233,45114],{"class":491},[65,45235,488],{"class":487},[65,45237,157],{"class":79},[65,45239,45240],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45241,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,45243,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252,45255],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45245,164],{"class":163},[65,45247,151],{"class":79},[65,45249,45075],{"class":147},[65,45251,1627],{"class":75},[65,45253,45254],{"class":147}," num2",[65,45256,157],{"class":79},[20,45258,1046],{},[56,45260,45262],{"className":58,"code":45261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45263,45264,45272,45280],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45265,45266,45268,45270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45267,45168],{"class":71},[65,45269,191],{"class":79},[65,45271,45173],{"class":83},[65,45273,45274,45276,45278],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45275,45178],{"class":71},[65,45277,191],{"class":79},[65,45279,2144],{"class":83},[65,45281,45282],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45283,45284],{"class":83},"23\n",[20,45286,45287,45288,45291,45292,144],{},"That happens because ",[15,45289,45290],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45293,45294],{},"\"23\"",[44500,45296],{},[51,45298,45300],{"id":45299},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45302,45303,45304,144],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45305,2524],{},[1286,45307,4272,45309,41125],{"id":45308},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45310,2524],{},[20,45312,38780],{},[56,45314,45316],{"className":58,"code":45315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45317,45318,45336],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45319,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45321,2015],{"class":71},[65,45323,76],{"class":75},[65,45325,7818],{"class":163},[65,45327,151],{"class":79},[65,45329,488],{"class":487},[65,45331,41454],{"class":491},[65,45333,488],{"class":487},[65,45335,157],{"class":79},[65,45337,45338,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45339,164],{"class":163},[65,45341,151],{"class":79},[65,45343,1260],{"class":1259},[65,45345,151],{"class":79},[65,45347,2040],{"class":147},[65,45349,1028],{"class":79},[20,45351,350],{},[56,45353,45355],{"className":58,"code":45354,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45356,45357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45360,2857],{"class":75},[65,45362,2860],{"class":1632},[65,45364,603],{"class":487},[65,45366,3010],{"class":491},[65,45368,594],{"class":487},[65,45370,2869],{"class":75},[20,45372,45373],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1286,45375,45377],{"id":45376},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45379,45380],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[56,45382,45384],{"className":58,"code":45383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45385,45386,45404,45423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45387,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45389,72],{"class":71},[65,45391,76],{"class":75},[65,45393,7818],{"class":163},[65,45395,151],{"class":79},[65,45397,488],{"class":487},[65,45399,41454],{"class":491},[65,45401,488],{"class":487},[65,45403,157],{"class":79},[65,45405,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45419,45421],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45407,104],{"class":71},[65,45409,76],{"class":75},[65,45411,7818],{"class":163},[65,45413,151],{"class":79},[65,45415,488],{"class":487},[65,45417,45418],{"class":491},"Enter another number: ",[65,45420,488],{"class":487},[65,45422,157],{"class":79},[65,45424,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433,45435],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45426,164],{"class":163},[65,45428,151],{"class":79},[65,45430,72],{"class":147},[65,45432,1627],{"class":75},[65,45434,2126],{"class":147},[65,45436,157],{"class":79},[20,45438,40703,45439,634,45441,45443,45444,18538,45447,144],{},[15,45440,2072],{},[15,45442,1705],{},", the result is ",[15,45445,45446],{},"45",[15,45448,1713],{},[1286,45450,45452,45453,45455,45456],{"id":45451},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45454,40286],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45457,2444],{},[20,45459,267],{},[56,45461,45463],{"className":58,"code":45462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45464,45465],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45466,45467,45469,45471,45473,45475,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45468,21203],{"class":71},[65,45470,76],{"class":75},[65,45472,44860],{"class":1259},[65,45474,151],{"class":79},[65,45476,42046],{"class":163},[65,45478,151],{"class":79},[65,45480,488],{"class":487},[65,45482,44764],{"class":491},[65,45484,488],{"class":487},[65,45486,1028],{"class":79},[20,45488,7847,45489,45492,45493,144],{},[15,45490,45491],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45494,40286],{},[20,45496,45497,45498,144],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[210,45499,45501],{"href":45500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1286,45503,45505],{"id":45504},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45507,45508],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[56,45510,45512],{"className":58,"code":45511,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45513,45514,45532],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45515,45516,45518,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45517,7451],{"class":71},[65,45519,76],{"class":75},[65,45521,7818],{"class":163},[65,45523,151],{"class":79},[65,45525,488],{"class":487},[65,45527,44470],{"class":491},[65,45529,488],{"class":487},[65,45531,157],{"class":79},[65,45533,45534,45536,45538,45540,45542,45544],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45535,164],{"class":163},[65,45537,151],{"class":79},[65,45539,41362],{"class":163},[65,45541,151],{"class":79},[65,45543,7241],{"class":147},[65,45545,1028],{"class":79},[20,45547,45548],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45550,45551,45552,191],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45553,45554],{},".strip()",[56,45556,45558],{"className":58,"code":45557,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45559,45560,45582],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45561,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45563,7451],{"class":71},[65,45565,76],{"class":75},[65,45567,7818],{"class":163},[65,45569,151],{"class":79},[65,45571,488],{"class":487},[65,45573,44470],{"class":491},[65,45575,488],{"class":487},[65,45577,1394],{"class":79},[65,45579,8211],{"class":147},[65,45581,8220],{"class":79},[65,45583,45584,45586,45588,45590],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45585,164],{"class":163},[65,45587,151],{"class":79},[65,45589,7241],{"class":147},[65,45591,157],{"class":79},[44500,45593],{},[51,45595,45597],{"id":45596},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45599,45600,45601,45603],{},"These habits make ",[15,45602,2524],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,45605,45606,45609,45614,45617],{},[36,45607,45608],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,45610,1660,45611,45613],{},[15,45612,45554],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,45615,45616],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,45618,1660,45619,45621],{},[15,45620,29357],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45623,45624,45625,191],{},"Example with ",[15,45626,45554],{},[56,45628,45630],{"className":58,"code":45629,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45631,45632,45656],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45633,45634,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45648,45650,45652,45654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45635,45636],{"class":71},"city ",[65,45638,76],{"class":75},[65,45640,7818],{"class":163},[65,45642,151],{"class":79},[65,45644,488],{"class":487},[65,45646,45647],{"class":491},"Enter your city: ",[65,45649,488],{"class":487},[65,45651,1394],{"class":79},[65,45653,8211],{"class":147},[65,45655,8220],{"class":79},[65,45657,45658,45660,45662,45664,45667,45669,45671,45673],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45659,164],{"class":163},[65,45661,151],{"class":79},[65,45663,488],{"class":487},[65,45665,45666],{"class":491},"City:",[65,45668,488],{"class":487},[65,45670,87],{"class":79},[65,45672,30960],{"class":147},[65,45674,157],{"class":79},[20,45676,45624,45677,191],{},[15,45678,29357],{},[56,45680,45682],{"className":58,"code":45681,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45683,45684,45690,45713,45745,45753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45685,45686,45688],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45687,29379],{"class":3444},[65,45689,5963],{"class":79},[65,45691,45692,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45693,45694],{"class":71},"    age ",[65,45696,76],{"class":75},[65,45698,44860],{"class":1259},[65,45700,151],{"class":79},[65,45702,42046],{"class":163},[65,45704,151],{"class":79},[65,45706,488],{"class":487},[65,45708,44764],{"class":491},[65,45710,488],{"class":487},[65,45712,1028],{"class":79},[65,45714,45715,45717,45719,45721,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732,45734,45736,45738,45741,45743],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45716,7644],{"class":163},[65,45718,151],{"class":79},[65,45720,488],{"class":487},[65,45722,45723],{"class":491},"You will be",[65,45725,488],{"class":487},[65,45727,87],{"class":79},[65,45729,45042],{"class":147},[65,45731,1627],{"class":75},[65,45733,5066],{"class":83},[65,45735,87],{"class":79},[65,45737,499],{"class":487},[65,45739,45740],{"class":491},"next year",[65,45742,488],{"class":487},[65,45744,157],{"class":79},[65,45746,45747,45749,45751],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45748,29410],{"class":3444},[65,45750,41509],{"class":1259},[65,45752,5963],{"class":79},[65,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761,45764,45766],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,45756,7644],{"class":163},[65,45758,151],{"class":79},[65,45760,488],{"class":487},[65,45762,45763],{"class":491},"Please enter a whole number.",[65,45765,488],{"class":487},[65,45767,157],{"class":79},[20,45769,45770],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45772,45773,45774,144],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[210,45775,45777],{"href":45776},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44500,45779],{},[51,45781,2396],{"id":2395},[20,45783,45784,45785,191],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45786,2524],{},[33,45788,45789,45796,45799,45802],{},[36,45790,45791,45792,214,45794],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45793,2444],{},[15,45795,2450],{},[36,45797,45798],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,45800,45801],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,45803,45804],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45806,31658],{},[56,45808,45810],{"className":58,"code":45809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45811,45812,45822,45836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45813,45814,45816,45818,45820],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45815,164],{"class":163},[65,45817,151],{"class":79},[65,45819,2040],{"class":147},[65,45821,157],{"class":79},[65,45823,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45825,164],{"class":163},[65,45827,151],{"class":79},[65,45829,1260],{"class":1259},[65,45831,151],{"class":79},[65,45833,2040],{"class":147},[65,45835,1028],{"class":79},[65,45837,45838,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45839,164],{"class":163},[65,45841,151],{"class":79},[65,45843,41362],{"class":163},[65,45845,151],{"class":79},[65,45847,2040],{"class":147},[65,45849,1028],{"class":79},[20,45851,45852,45853,45855],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45854,2524],{}," actually returned:",[33,45857,45858,45863,45868],{},[36,45859,45860,45862],{},[15,45861,41410],{}," shows the value",[36,45864,45865,45867],{},[15,45866,41416],{}," shows the data type",[36,45869,45870,45872],{},[15,45871,41421],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45874,267],{},[56,45876,45878],{"className":58,"code":45877,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45879,45880,45899,45909,45923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45881,45882,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892,45895,45897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45883,2015],{"class":71},[65,45885,76],{"class":75},[65,45887,7818],{"class":163},[65,45889,151],{"class":79},[65,45891,488],{"class":487},[65,45893,45894],{"class":491},"Enter something: ",[65,45896,488],{"class":487},[65,45898,157],{"class":79},[65,45900,45901,45903,45905,45907],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,45902,164],{"class":163},[65,45904,151],{"class":79},[65,45906,2040],{"class":147},[65,45908,157],{"class":79},[65,45910,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,45912,164],{"class":163},[65,45914,151],{"class":79},[65,45916,1260],{"class":1259},[65,45918,151],{"class":79},[65,45920,2040],{"class":147},[65,45922,1028],{"class":79},[65,45924,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45926,164],{"class":163},[65,45928,151],{"class":79},[65,45930,41362],{"class":163},[65,45932,151],{"class":79},[65,45934,2040],{"class":147},[65,45936,1028],{"class":79},[44500,45938],{},[51,45940,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,45942,1289,45944,45946],{"id":45943},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45945,2524],{}," return an integer?",[20,45948,45949,45950,45952,45953,39511],{},"No. ",[15,45951,2524],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45954,2444],{},[1286,45956,45958,45959,1304],{"id":45957},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45960,2524],{},[20,45962,45963,45964,45966],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45965,2524],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1286,45968,4727,45970,45973,45974,1304],{"id":45969},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45971,45972],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45975,2524],{},[20,45977,28636,45978,45980,45981,41738,45983,45985],{},[15,45979,2524],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45982,45290],{},[15,45984,45294],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1286,45987,45989],{"id":45988},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45991,1660,45992,45994,45995,144],{},[15,45993,45554],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45996,45997],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44500,45999],{},[51,46001,1455],{"id":1454},[33,46003,46004,46009,46013,46019,46025,46029],{},[36,46005,46006],{},[210,46007,46008],{"href":45776},"How to get user input in Python",[36,46010,46011],{},[210,46012,8636],{"href":8558},[36,46014,46015],{},[210,46016,3143,46017,3076],{"href":2441},[15,46018,2444],{},[36,46020,46021],{},[210,46022,3143,46023,3076],{"href":2447},[15,46024,2450],{},[36,46026,46027],{},[210,46028,45501],{"href":45500},[36,46030,46031],{},[210,46032,3143,46034,3076],{"href":46033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46035,46036],{},"print()",[1499,46038,46039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":46041},[46042,46043,46045,46046,46048,46054,46062,46063,46064,46073],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":44504,"depth":101,"text":46044},"What input() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":44733,"depth":101,"text":46047},"What input() returns",{"id":44936,"depth":101,"text":44937,"children":46049},[46050,46051,46053],{"id":44940,"depth":126,"text":44941},{"id":44993,"depth":126,"text":46052},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45064,"depth":126,"text":45065},{"id":45299,"depth":101,"text":45300,"children":46055},[46056,46058,46059,46061],{"id":45308,"depth":126,"text":46057},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45376,"depth":126,"text":45377},{"id":45451,"depth":126,"text":46060},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45504,"depth":126,"text":45505},{"id":45596,"depth":101,"text":45597},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":46065},[46066,46068,46070,46072],{"id":45943,"depth":126,"text":46067},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45957,"depth":126,"text":46069},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45969,"depth":126,"text":46071},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45988,"depth":126,"text":45989},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41777,"description":46074},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46081,"title":41679,"body":46082,"description":48395,"extension":1528,"meta":48396,"navigation":129,"path":48397,"seo":48398,"stem":48399,"__hash__":48400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46083,"toc":48347},[46084,46089,46094,46099,46120,46123,46125,46185,46187,46206,46211,46216,46221,46223,46236,46238,46321,46323,46364,46370,46372,46402,46408,46411,46428,46430,46482,46484,46502,46508,46514,46517,46535,46537,46610,46612,46631,46638,46644,46649,46652,46712,46714,46733,46736,46739,46754,46760,46764,46825,46827,46848,46852,46981,46983,47113,47123,47129,47135,47143,47209,47211,47236,47239,47256,47269,47275,47278,47311,47313,47326,47329,47372,47374,47382,47389,47393,47400,47404,47431,47433,47441,47447,47464,47469,47473,47500,47502,47510,47514,47519,47522,47548,47551,47560,47568,47572,47582,47586,47589,47591,47642,47644,47674,47684,47711,47713,47721,47731,47735,47738,47740,47788,47790,47834,47840,47891,47893,47912,47917,47922,47925,47944,47947,47999,48001,48010,48012,48016,48020,48023,48032,48039,48041,48068,48072,48074,48083,48086,48093,48099,48159,48163,48165,48173,48176,48202,48208,48211,48231,48233,48242,48250,48252,48258,48263,48270,48280,48286,48294,48298,48301,48303,48344],[10,46085,3143,46087,3147],{"id":46086},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46088,2444],{},[20,46090,31893,46091,46093],{},[15,46092,2444],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46095,34984,46096,46098],{},[15,46097,2444],{}," when they want to:",[33,46100,46101,46111,46114,46117],{},[36,46102,46103,46104,46107,46108],{},"turn text like ",[15,46105,46106],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46109,46110],{},"42",[36,46112,46113],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,46115,46116],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,46118,46119],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46121,46122],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[51,46124,1570],{"id":1569},[56,46126,46128],{"className":58,"code":46127,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46129,46130,46148,46162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46131,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46133,164],{"class":163},[65,46135,151],{"class":79},[65,46137,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46139,151],{"class":79},[65,46141,488],{"class":487},[65,46143,46110],{"class":491},[65,46145,488],{"class":487},[65,46147,1028],{"class":79},[65,46149,46150,46152,46154,46156,46158,46160],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46151,164],{"class":163},[65,46153,151],{"class":79},[65,46155,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46157,151],{"class":79},[65,46159,41567],{"class":83},[65,46161,1028],{"class":79},[65,46163,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46177,46179,46181,46183],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46165,164],{"class":163},[65,46167,151],{"class":79},[65,46169,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46171,151],{"class":79},[65,46173,488],{"class":487},[65,46175,46176],{"class":491},"101",[65,46178,488],{"class":487},[65,46180,87],{"class":79},[65,46182,90],{"class":83},[65,46184,1028],{"class":79},[20,46186,350],{},[56,46188,46190],{"className":58,"code":46189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46191,46192,46197,46202],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46193,46194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46195,46196],{"class":83},"42\n",[65,46198,46199],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46200,46201],{"class":83},"3\n",[65,46203,46204],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46205,2513],{"class":83},[20,46207,1660,46208,46210],{},[15,46209,2444],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[51,46212,183,46214,186],{"id":46213},"what-int-does",[15,46215,2444],{},[20,46217,46218,46220],{},[15,46219,2444],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46222,12628],{},[33,46224,46225,46230,46233],{},[36,46226,46227,46228,6912],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46229,1757],{},[36,46231,46232],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,46234,46235],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46237,267],{},[56,46239,46241],{"className":58,"code":46240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46242,46243,46255,46269,46273,46283,46293,46307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46244,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46246,34265],{"class":71},[65,46248,76],{"class":75},[65,46250,499],{"class":487},[65,46252,8772],{"class":491},[65,46254,2925],{"class":487},[65,46256,46257,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46258,1785],{"class":71},[65,46260,76],{"class":75},[65,46262,44860],{"class":1259},[65,46264,151],{"class":79},[65,46266,34286],{"class":147},[65,46268,157],{"class":79},[65,46270,46271],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46272,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,46274,46275,46277,46279,46281],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46276,164],{"class":163},[65,46278,151],{"class":79},[65,46280,34286],{"class":147},[65,46282,157],{"class":79},[65,46284,46285,46287,46289,46291],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,46286,164],{"class":163},[65,46288,151],{"class":79},[65,46290,1807],{"class":147},[65,46292,157],{"class":79},[65,46294,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,46296,164],{"class":163},[65,46298,151],{"class":79},[65,46300,1260],{"class":1259},[65,46302,151],{"class":79},[65,46304,34286],{"class":147},[65,46306,1028],{"class":79},[65,46308,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,46310,164],{"class":163},[65,46312,151],{"class":79},[65,46314,1260],{"class":1259},[65,46316,151],{"class":79},[65,46318,1807],{"class":147},[65,46320,1028],{"class":79},[20,46322,350],{},[56,46324,46326],{"className":58,"code":46325,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46327,46328,46332,46336,46350],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46329,46330],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46331,2275],{"class":83},[65,46333,46334],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46335,2275],{"class":83},[65,46337,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46348],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46339,2857],{"class":75},[65,46341,2860],{"class":1632},[65,46343,603],{"class":487},[65,46345,3010],{"class":491},[65,46347,594],{"class":487},[65,46349,2869],{"class":75},[65,46351,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46362],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46353,2857],{"class":75},[65,46355,2860],{"class":1632},[65,46357,603],{"class":487},[65,46359,1757],{"class":491},[65,46361,594],{"class":487},[65,46363,2869],{"class":75},[20,46365,46366,46367,46369],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46368,2444],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[51,46371,222],{"id":221},[56,46373,46375],{"className":58,"code":46374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46376,46377,46387],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46378,46379,46381,46383,46385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46380,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46382,151],{"class":79},[65,46384,1742],{"class":147},[65,46386,157],{"class":79},[65,46388,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397,46400],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46390,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46392,151],{"class":79},[65,46394,1742],{"class":147},[65,46396,87],{"class":79},[65,46398,46399],{"class":147}," base",[65,46401,157],{"class":79},[1286,46403,46405],{"id":46404},"intx",[15,46406,46407],{},"int(x)",[20,46409,46410],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,46412,46413,46418,46423],{},[36,46414,46415,46416],{},"a string such as ",[15,46417,41709],{},[36,46419,46420,46421],{},"a float such as ",[15,46422,41567],{},[36,46424,46425,46426],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46427,3172],{},[20,46429,267],{},[56,46431,46433],{"className":58,"code":46432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46434,46435,46453,46468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46436,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46438,164],{"class":163},[65,46440,151],{"class":79},[65,46442,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46444,151],{"class":79},[65,46446,488],{"class":487},[65,46448,1898],{"class":491},[65,46450,488],{"class":487},[65,46452,1028],{"class":79},[65,46454,46455,46457,46459,46461,46463,46466],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46456,164],{"class":163},[65,46458,151],{"class":79},[65,46460,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46462,151],{"class":79},[65,46464,46465],{"class":83},"8.7",[65,46467,1028],{"class":79},[65,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46471,164],{"class":163},[65,46473,151],{"class":79},[65,46475,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46477,151],{"class":79},[65,46479,3172],{"class":3419},[65,46481,1028],{"class":79},[20,46483,350],{},[56,46485,46487],{"className":58,"code":46486,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46488,46489,46493,46497],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46490,46491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46492,1944],{"class":83},[65,46494,46495],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46496,1949],{"class":83},[65,46498,46499],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46500,46501],{"class":83},"1\n",[1286,46503,46505],{"id":46504},"intx-base",[15,46506,46507],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46509,46510,46511,46513],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46512,1742],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46515,46516],{},"Common bases:",[33,46518,46519,46524,46529],{},[36,46520,46521,46523],{},[15,46522,1624],{}," for binary",[36,46525,46526,46528],{},[15,46527,1913],{}," for octal",[36,46530,46531,46534],{},[15,46532,46533],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46536,267],{},[56,46538,46540],{"className":58,"code":46539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46541,46542,46564,46587],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46543,46544,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560,46562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46545,164],{"class":163},[65,46547,151],{"class":79},[65,46549,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46551,151],{"class":79},[65,46553,488],{"class":487},[65,46555,46176],{"class":491},[65,46557,488],{"class":487},[65,46559,87],{"class":79},[65,46561,90],{"class":83},[65,46563,1028],{"class":79},[65,46565,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576,46579,46581,46583,46585],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46567,164],{"class":163},[65,46569,151],{"class":79},[65,46571,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46573,151],{"class":79},[65,46575,488],{"class":487},[65,46577,46578],{"class":491},"17",[65,46580,488],{"class":487},[65,46582,87],{"class":79},[65,46584,5929],{"class":83},[65,46586,1028],{"class":79},[65,46588,46589,46591,46593,46595,46597,46599,46602,46604,46606,46608],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46590,164],{"class":163},[65,46592,151],{"class":79},[65,46594,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46596,151],{"class":79},[65,46598,488],{"class":487},[65,46600,46601],{"class":491},"1A",[65,46603,488],{"class":487},[65,46605,87],{"class":79},[65,46607,13562],{"class":83},[65,46609,1028],{"class":79},[20,46611,350],{},[56,46613,46615],{"className":58,"code":46614,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46616,46617,46621,46626],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46618,46619],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46620,2513],{"class":83},[65,46622,46623],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46624,46625],{"class":83},"15\n",[65,46627,46628],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46629,46630],{"class":83},"26\n",[20,46632,46633,46634,144],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[210,46635,46636,1870],{"href":2447},[15,46637,2450],{},[51,46639,7994,46641,46643],{"id":46640},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46642,2444],{}," with strings",[20,46645,46646,46648],{},[15,46647,2444],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46650,46651],{},"Examples that work:",[56,46653,46655],{"className":58,"code":46654,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46656,46657,46675,46693],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46658,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669,46671,46673],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46660,164],{"class":163},[65,46662,151],{"class":79},[65,46664,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46666,151],{"class":79},[65,46668,488],{"class":487},[65,46670,1705],{"class":491},[65,46672,488],{"class":487},[65,46674,1028],{"class":79},[65,46676,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46678,164],{"class":163},[65,46680,151],{"class":79},[65,46682,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46684,151],{"class":79},[65,46686,488],{"class":487},[65,46688,1859],{"class":491},[65,46690,488],{"class":487},[65,46692,1028],{"class":79},[65,46694,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705,46708,46710],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46696,164],{"class":163},[65,46698,151],{"class":79},[65,46700,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46702,151],{"class":79},[65,46704,488],{"class":487},[65,46706,46707],{"class":491},"  42  ",[65,46709,488],{"class":487},[65,46711,1028],{"class":79},[20,46713,350],{},[56,46715,46717],{"className":58,"code":46716,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46718,46719,46723,46729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46720,46721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46722,2513],{"class":83},[65,46724,46725,46727],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46726,1589],{"class":75},[65,46728,1793],{"class":83},[65,46730,46731],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46732,46196],{"class":83},[20,46734,46735],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46737,46738],{},"Examples that fail:",[56,46740,46742],{"className":58,"code":46741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46743,46744,46749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46745,46746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46747,46748],{"class":175},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[65,46750,46751],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46752,46753],{"class":175},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46755,46756,46757,46759],{},"These raise ",[15,46758,40286],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1286,46761,46763],{"id":46762},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[56,46765,46767],{"className":58,"code":46766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46768,46769,46787,46806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46770,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783,46785],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46772,164],{"class":163},[65,46774,151],{"class":79},[65,46776,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46778,151],{"class":79},[65,46780,488],{"class":487},[65,46782,1688],{"class":491},[65,46784,488],{"class":487},[65,46786,1028],{"class":79},[65,46788,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46802,46804],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46790,164],{"class":163},[65,46792,151],{"class":79},[65,46794,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46796,151],{"class":79},[65,46798,488],{"class":487},[65,46800,46801],{"class":491},"+7",[65,46803,488],{"class":487},[65,46805,1028],{"class":79},[65,46807,46808,46810,46812,46814,46816,46818,46821,46823],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46809,164],{"class":163},[65,46811,151],{"class":79},[65,46813,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46815,151],{"class":79},[65,46817,488],{"class":487},[65,46819,46820],{"class":491},"-100",[65,46822,488],{"class":487},[65,46824,1028],{"class":79},[20,46826,350],{},[56,46828,46830],{"className":58,"code":46829,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46831,46832,46837,46841],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46833,46834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46835,46836],{"class":83},"0\n",[65,46838,46839],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46840,1647],{"class":83},[65,46842,46843,46845],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46844,1589],{"class":75},[65,46846,46847],{"class":83},"100\n",[1286,46849,46851],{"id":46850},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[56,46853,46855],{"className":58,"code":46854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46856,46857,46895,46899,46911,46918,46933,46948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46858,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46891,46893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46860,3389],{"class":71},[65,46862,76],{"class":75},[65,46864,1339],{"class":79},[65,46866,488],{"class":487},[65,46868,39725],{"class":491},[65,46870,488],{"class":487},[65,46872,87],{"class":79},[65,46874,499],{"class":487},[65,46876,46877],{"class":491},"12abc",[65,46879,488],{"class":487},[65,46881,87],{"class":79},[65,46883,5696],{"class":487},[65,46885,87],{"class":79},[65,46887,499],{"class":487},[65,46889,46890],{"class":491},"seven",[65,46892,488],{"class":487},[65,46894,1352],{"class":79},[65,46896,46897],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,46898,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,46900,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,46902,5527],{"class":3444},[65,46904,21159],{"class":71},[65,46906,3451],{"class":3444},[65,46908,3454],{"class":71},[65,46910,5963],{"class":79},[65,46912,46913,46916],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46914,46915],{"class":3444},"    try",[65,46917,5963],{"class":79},[65,46919,46920,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,46921,46922],{"class":163},"        print",[65,46924,151],{"class":79},[65,46926,1757],{"class":1259},[65,46928,151],{"class":79},[65,46930,2040],{"class":147},[65,46932,1028],{"class":79},[65,46934,46935,46938,46940,46943,46946],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,46936,46937],{"class":3444},"    except",[65,46939,41509],{"class":1259},[65,46941,46942],{"class":3444}," as",[65,46944,46945],{"class":71}," error",[65,46947,5963],{"class":79},[65,46949,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46965,46967,46970,46972,46975,46977,46979],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,46951,46922],{"class":163},[65,46953,151],{"class":79},[65,46955,21869],{"class":1632},[65,46957,488],{"class":491},[65,46959,360],{"class":83},[65,46961,2040],{"class":147},[65,46963,46964],{"class":1632},"!r",[65,46966,21878],{"class":83},[65,46968,46969],{"class":491}," -> ",[65,46971,360],{"class":83},[65,46973,46974],{"class":147},"error",[65,46976,21878],{"class":83},[65,46978,488],{"class":491},[65,46980,157],{"class":79},[20,46982,350],{},[56,46984,46986],{"className":58,"code":46985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46987,46988,47024,47056,47081],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46989,46990,46992,46994,46996,46999,47002,47004,47006,47008,47011,47014,47016,47018,47020,47022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46991,594],{"class":42912},[65,46993,39725],{"class":42916},[65,46995,594],{"class":42912},[65,46997,46998],{"class":36947}," ->",[65,47000,47001],{"class":71}," invalid literal ",[65,47003,5527],{"class":3444},[65,47005,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47007,6938],{"class":79},[65,47009,47010],{"class":3444}," with",[65,47012,47013],{"class":71}," base ",[65,47015,1898],{"class":83},[65,47017,191],{"class":79},[65,47019,603],{"class":487},[65,47021,39725],{"class":491},[65,47023,29275],{"class":487},[65,47025,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47027,594],{"class":487},[65,47029,46877],{"class":491},[65,47031,594],{"class":487},[65,47033,46998],{"class":36947},[65,47035,47001],{"class":71},[65,47037,5527],{"class":3444},[65,47039,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47041,6938],{"class":79},[65,47043,47010],{"class":3444},[65,47045,47013],{"class":71},[65,47047,1898],{"class":83},[65,47049,191],{"class":79},[65,47051,603],{"class":487},[65,47053,46877],{"class":491},[65,47055,29275],{"class":487},[65,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074,47076,47078],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47059,3339],{"class":487},[65,47061,46998],{"class":36947},[65,47063,47001],{"class":71},[65,47065,5527],{"class":3444},[65,47067,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47069,6938],{"class":79},[65,47071,47010],{"class":3444},[65,47073,47013],{"class":71},[65,47075,1898],{"class":83},[65,47077,191],{"class":79},[65,47079,47080],{"class":487}," ''\n",[65,47082,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109,47111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47084,594],{"class":487},[65,47086,46890],{"class":491},[65,47088,594],{"class":487},[65,47090,46998],{"class":36947},[65,47092,47001],{"class":71},[65,47094,5527],{"class":3444},[65,47096,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47098,6938],{"class":79},[65,47100,47010],{"class":3444},[65,47102,47013],{"class":71},[65,47104,1898],{"class":83},[65,47106,191],{"class":79},[65,47108,603],{"class":487},[65,47110,46890],{"class":491},[65,47112,29275],{"class":487},[20,47114,47115,47116,47118,47119,144],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[210,47117,8559],{"href":8558}," and the ",[210,47120,47121,1870],{"href":7795},[15,47122,2524],{},[51,47124,7994,47126,47128],{"id":47125},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47127,2444],{}," with floats",[20,47130,47131,47132,47134],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47133,2444],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47136,47137,47138,13628,47140,47142],{},"Important: ",[15,47139,2444],{},[43,47141,45],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[56,47144,47146],{"className":58,"code":47145,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47147,47148,47162,47177,47193],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47149,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47151,164],{"class":163},[65,47153,151],{"class":79},[65,47155,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47157,151],{"class":79},[65,47159,41567],{"class":83},[65,47161,1028],{"class":79},[65,47163,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47175],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47165,164],{"class":163},[65,47167,151],{"class":79},[65,47169,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47171,151],{"class":79},[65,47173,47174],{"class":83},"3.1",[65,47176,1028],{"class":79},[65,47178,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47180,164],{"class":163},[65,47182,151],{"class":79},[65,47184,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47186,151],{"class":79},[65,47188,1589],{"class":75},[65,47190,41567],{"class":83},[65,47192,1028],{"class":79},[65,47194,47195,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205,47207],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47196,164],{"class":163},[65,47198,151],{"class":79},[65,47200,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47202,151],{"class":79},[65,47204,1589],{"class":75},[65,47206,47174],{"class":83},[65,47208,1028],{"class":79},[20,47210,350],{},[56,47212,47214],{"className":58,"code":47213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47215,47216,47220,47224,47230],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47217,47218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47219,46201],{"class":83},[65,47221,47222],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47223,46201],{"class":83},[65,47225,47226,47228],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47227,1589],{"class":75},[65,47229,46201],{"class":83},[65,47231,47232,47234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47233,1589],{"class":75},[65,47235,46201],{"class":83},[20,47237,47238],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,47240,47241,47248],{},[36,47242,47243,41738,47246],{},[15,47244,47245],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47247,111],{},[36,47249,47250,41738,47253],{},[15,47251,47252],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47254,47255],{},"-3",[20,47257,47258,47259,47263,47264,144],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[210,47260,47261],{"href":2447},[15,47262,2450],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[210,47265,47266],{"href":41758},[15,47267,47268],{},"str()",[51,47270,7994,47272,47274],{"id":47271},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47273,2444],{}," with booleans",[20,47276,47277],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[56,47279,47281],{"className":58,"code":47280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47282,47283,47297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47284,47285,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47286,164],{"class":163},[65,47288,151],{"class":79},[65,47290,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47292,151],{"class":79},[65,47294,3172],{"class":3419},[65,47296,1028],{"class":79},[65,47298,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47300,164],{"class":163},[65,47302,151],{"class":79},[65,47304,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47306,151],{"class":79},[65,47308,3240],{"class":3419},[65,47310,1028],{"class":79},[20,47312,350],{},[56,47314,47316],{"className":58,"code":47315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n0\n",[15,47317,47318,47322],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47319,47320],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47321,46501],{"class":83},[65,47323,47324],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47325,46836],{"class":83},[20,47327,47328],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[56,47330,47332],{"className":58,"code":47331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47333,47334,47343,47358,47362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47335,47336,47339,47341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47337,47338],{"class":71},"passed ",[65,47340,76],{"class":75},[65,47342,5993],{"class":3419},[65,47344,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47356],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47346,40765],{"class":71},[65,47348,76],{"class":75},[65,47350,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47352,151],{"class":79},[65,47354,47355],{"class":147},"passed",[65,47357,157],{"class":79},[65,47359,47360],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47361,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,47363,47364,47366,47368,47370],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47365,164],{"class":163},[65,47367,151],{"class":79},[65,47369,40794],{"class":147},[65,47371,157],{"class":79},[20,47373,350],{},[56,47375,47376],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47377,47378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47379,47380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47381,46501],{"class":83},[20,47383,47384,47385,144],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[210,47386,47387,1870],{"href":5349},[15,47388,3379],{},[51,47390,47392],{"id":47391},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47394,47395,47396,47399],{},"Use the ",[15,47397,47398],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1286,47401,47403],{"id":47402},"binary-example","Binary example",[56,47405,47407],{"className":58,"code":47406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47408,47409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47410,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47423,47425,47427,47429],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47412,164],{"class":163},[65,47414,151],{"class":79},[65,47416,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47418,151],{"class":79},[65,47420,488],{"class":487},[65,47422,46176],{"class":491},[65,47424,488],{"class":487},[65,47426,87],{"class":79},[65,47428,90],{"class":83},[65,47430,1028],{"class":79},[20,47432,350],{},[56,47434,47435],{"className":58,"code":2513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47436,47437],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47438,47439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47440,2513],{"class":83},[20,47442,47443,47446],{},[15,47444,47445],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,47448,47449,47454,47459],{},[36,47450,47451],{},[15,47452,47453],{},"1 × 4",[36,47455,47456],{},[15,47457,47458],{},"0 × 2",[36,47460,47461],{},[15,47462,47463],{},"1 × 1",[20,47465,47466,47467,144],{},"So the result is ",[15,47468,1705],{},[1286,47470,47472],{"id":47471},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[56,47474,47476],{"className":58,"code":47475,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47477,47478],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47479,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496,47498],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47481,164],{"class":163},[65,47483,151],{"class":79},[65,47485,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47487,151],{"class":79},[65,47489,488],{"class":487},[65,47491,46601],{"class":491},[65,47493,488],{"class":487},[65,47495,87],{"class":79},[65,47497,13562],{"class":83},[65,47499,1028],{"class":79},[20,47501,350],{},[56,47503,47504],{"className":58,"code":46630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47505,47506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47507,47508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47509,46630],{"class":83},[1286,47511,47513],{"id":47512},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47515,1545,47516,47518],{},[15,47517,47398],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47520,47521],{},"Good:",[56,47523,47524],{"className":58,"code":47406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47525,47526],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47529,164],{"class":163},[65,47531,151],{"class":79},[65,47533,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47535,151],{"class":79},[65,47537,488],{"class":487},[65,47539,46176],{"class":491},[65,47541,488],{"class":487},[65,47543,87],{"class":79},[65,47545,90],{"class":83},[65,47547,1028],{"class":79},[20,47549,47550],{},"Not correct:",[56,47552,47554],{"className":58,"code":47553,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47555,47556],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47557,47558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47559,47553],{"class":175},[20,47561,47562,47563,8179,47565,47567],{},"That causes a ",[15,47564,2571],{},[15,47566,47398],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[51,47569,47571],{"id":47570},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47573,47574,47575,47577,47578,634,47580,144],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47576,2444],{}," are ",[15,47579,40286],{},[15,47581,2571],{},[1286,47583,47584],{"id":41096},[15,47585,40286],{},[20,47587,47588],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47590,267],{},[56,47592,47594],{"className":58,"code":47593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47595,47596,47602,47620,47632],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47597,47598,47600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47599,29379],{"class":3444},[65,47601,5963],{"class":79},[65,47603,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47605,7644],{"class":163},[65,47607,151],{"class":79},[65,47609,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47611,151],{"class":79},[65,47613,488],{"class":487},[65,47615,39725],{"class":491},[65,47617,488],{"class":487},[65,47619,1028],{"class":79},[65,47621,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47623,29410],{"class":3444},[65,47625,41509],{"class":1259},[65,47627,46942],{"class":3444},[65,47629,46945],{"class":71},[65,47631,5963],{"class":79},[65,47633,47634,47636,47638,47640],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47635,7644],{"class":163},[65,47637,151],{"class":79},[65,47639,46974],{"class":147},[65,47641,157],{"class":79},[20,47643,350],{},[56,47645,47647],{"className":58,"code":47646,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47648,47649],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47650,47651,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47652,47653],{"class":71},"invalid literal ",[65,47655,5527],{"class":3444},[65,47657,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47659,6938],{"class":79},[65,47661,47010],{"class":3444},[65,47663,47013],{"class":71},[65,47665,1898],{"class":83},[65,47667,191],{"class":79},[65,47669,603],{"class":487},[65,47671,39725],{"class":491},[65,47673,29275],{"class":487},[20,47675,47676,47677,47680,47681,47683],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47678,47679],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47682,2444],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[56,47685,47687],{"className":58,"code":47686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47688,47689],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47690,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47692,164],{"class":163},[65,47694,151],{"class":79},[65,47696,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47698,151],{"class":79},[65,47700,1760],{"class":1259},[65,47702,151],{"class":79},[65,47704,488],{"class":487},[65,47706,39725],{"class":491},[65,47708,488],{"class":487},[65,47710,2478],{"class":79},[20,47712,350],{},[56,47714,47715],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47716,47717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47718,47719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47720,46201],{"class":83},[20,47722,47723,47724,634,47727,144],{},"If you see this often, read ",[210,47725,47726],{"href":2528},"how to convert string to int in Python",[210,47728,25255,47729],{"href":45500},[15,47730,45501],{},[1286,47732,47733],{"id":41162},[15,47734,2571],{},[20,47736,47737],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47739,267],{},[56,47741,47743],{"className":58,"code":47742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47744,47745,47751,47765,47778],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47746,47747,47749],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47748,29379],{"class":3444},[65,47750,5963],{"class":79},[65,47752,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47754,7644],{"class":163},[65,47756,151],{"class":79},[65,47758,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47760,151],{"class":79},[65,47762,3344],{"class":3419},[65,47764,1028],{"class":79},[65,47766,47767,47769,47772,47774,47776],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47768,29410],{"class":3444},[65,47770,47771],{"class":1259}," TypeError",[65,47773,46942],{"class":3444},[65,47775,46945],{"class":71},[65,47777,5963],{"class":79},[65,47779,47780,47782,47784,47786],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47781,7644],{"class":163},[65,47783,151],{"class":79},[65,47785,46974],{"class":147},[65,47787,157],{"class":79},[20,47789,350],{},[56,47791,47793],{"className":58,"code":47792,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47794,47795],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47796,47797,47799,47801,47804,47806,47808,47811,47813,47816,47818,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47798,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47800,6938],{"class":79},[65,47802,47803],{"class":71}," argument must be a string",[65,47805,87],{"class":79},[65,47807,44129],{"class":71},[65,47809,47810],{"class":1259},"bytes",[65,47812,1589],{"class":75},[65,47814,47815],{"class":71},"like ",[65,47817,41982],{"class":1259},[65,47819,47820],{"class":75}," or",[65,47822,40422],{"class":71},[65,47824,87],{"class":79},[65,47826,7675],{"class":75},[65,47828,603],{"class":487},[65,47830,47831],{"class":491},"NoneType",[65,47833,29275],{"class":487},[20,47835,47836,47837,47839],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47838,47398],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[56,47841,47843],{"className":58,"code":47842,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47844,47845,47851,47869,47881],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47846,47847,47849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47848,29379],{"class":3444},[65,47850,5963],{"class":79},[65,47852,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863,47865,47867],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47854,7644],{"class":163},[65,47856,151],{"class":79},[65,47858,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47860,151],{"class":79},[65,47862,46176],{"class":83},[65,47864,87],{"class":79},[65,47866,90],{"class":83},[65,47868,1028],{"class":79},[65,47870,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47872,29410],{"class":3444},[65,47874,47771],{"class":1259},[65,47876,46942],{"class":3444},[65,47878,46945],{"class":71},[65,47880,5963],{"class":79},[65,47882,47883,47885,47887,47889],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47884,7644],{"class":163},[65,47886,151],{"class":79},[65,47888,46974],{"class":147},[65,47890,157],{"class":79},[20,47892,350],{},[56,47894,47896],{"className":58,"code":47895,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47897,47898],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47899,47900,47902,47904,47907,47909],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47901,1757],{"class":1259},[65,47903,6938],{"class":79},[65,47905,47906],{"class":71}," can",[65,47908,594],{"class":487},[65,47910,47911],{"class":491},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[51,47913,4529,47915],{"id":47914},"when-to-use-int",[15,47916,2444],{},[20,47918,1660,47919,47921],{},[15,47920,2444],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47923,47924],{},"Common uses:",[33,47926,47927,47933,47936,47939],{},[36,47928,47929,47930,47932],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47931,2524],{}," into integers",[36,47934,47935],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,47937,47938],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,47940,47941,47942,36195],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47943,47398],{},[20,47945,47946],{},"Example with user input:",[56,47948,47950],{"className":58,"code":47949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47951,47952,47966,47981,47985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47953,47954,47957,47959,47961,47964],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47955,47956],{"class":71},"age_text ",[65,47958,76],{"class":75},[65,47960,499],{"class":487},[65,47962,47963],{"class":491},"18",[65,47965,2925],{"class":487},[65,47967,47968,47970,47972,47974,47976,47979],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,47969,21203],{"class":71},[65,47971,76],{"class":75},[65,47973,44860],{"class":1259},[65,47975,151],{"class":79},[65,47977,47978],{"class":147},"age_text",[65,47980,157],{"class":79},[65,47982,47983],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,47984,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,47986,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47988,164],{"class":163},[65,47990,151],{"class":79},[65,47992,21203],{"class":147},[65,47994,1627],{"class":75},[65,47996,5066],{"class":83},[65,47998,157],{"class":79},[20,48000,350],{},[56,48002,48004],{"className":58,"code":48003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"19\n",[15,48005,48006],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48007,48008],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48009,48003],{"class":83},[51,48011,2396],{"id":2395},[20,48013,14308,48014,144],{},[15,48015,2444],{},[1286,48017,48019],{"id":48018},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48021,48022],{},"This fails:",[56,48024,48026],{"className":58,"code":48025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48027,48028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48029,48030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48031,48025],{"class":175},[20,48033,48034,48035,48038],{},"Why: ",[15,48036,48037],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48040,18415],{},[56,48042,48044],{"className":58,"code":48043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48045,48046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48047,48048,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48049,164],{"class":163},[65,48051,151],{"class":79},[65,48053,1757],{"class":1259},[65,48055,151],{"class":79},[65,48057,1760],{"class":1259},[65,48059,151],{"class":79},[65,48061,488],{"class":487},[65,48063,40706],{"class":491},[65,48065,488],{"class":487},[65,48067,2478],{"class":79},[1286,48069,48071],{"id":48070},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48073,48022],{},[56,48075,48077],{"className":58,"code":48076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48078,48079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48080,48081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48082,48076],{"class":175},[20,48084,48085],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1286,48087,48089,48090],{"id":48088},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48091,48092],{},"int(None)",[20,48094,48095,48096,48098],{},"This fails because ",[15,48097,3344],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[56,48100,48102],{"className":58,"code":48101,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48103,48104,48113,48117,48123,48137,48149],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48105,48106,48108,48110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48107,2015],{"class":71},[65,48109,76],{"class":75},[65,48111,48112],{"class":3419}," None\n",[65,48114,48115],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48116,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48118,48119,48121],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48120,29379],{"class":3444},[65,48122,5963],{"class":79},[65,48124,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48126,7644],{"class":163},[65,48128,151],{"class":79},[65,48130,1757],{"class":1259},[65,48132,151],{"class":79},[65,48134,2040],{"class":147},[65,48136,1028],{"class":79},[65,48138,48139,48141,48143,48145,48147],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,48140,29410],{"class":3444},[65,48142,47771],{"class":1259},[65,48144,46942],{"class":3444},[65,48146,46945],{"class":71},[65,48148,5963],{"class":79},[65,48150,48151,48153,48155,48157],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,48152,7644],{"class":163},[65,48154,151],{"class":79},[65,48156,46974],{"class":147},[65,48158,157],{"class":79},[1286,48160,48162],{"id":48161},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48164,48022],{},[56,48166,48167],{"className":58,"code":47553,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48168,48169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48170,48171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48172,47553],{"class":175},[20,48174,48175],{},"Use a string instead:",[56,48177,48178],{"className":58,"code":47406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48179,48180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48181,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48183,164],{"class":163},[65,48185,151],{"class":79},[65,48187,1757],{"class":1259},[65,48189,151],{"class":79},[65,48191,488],{"class":487},[65,48193,46176],{"class":491},[65,48195,488],{"class":487},[65,48197,87],{"class":79},[65,48199,90],{"class":83},[65,48201,1028],{"class":79},[1286,48203,8030,48205,48207],{"id":48204},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48206,2444],{}," to round",[20,48209,48210],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[56,48212,48214],{"className":58,"code":48213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48215,48216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48217,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226,48229],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48219,164],{"class":163},[65,48221,151],{"class":79},[65,48223,1757],{"class":1259},[65,48225,151],{"class":79},[65,48227,48228],{"class":83},"4.9",[65,48230,1028],{"class":79},[20,48232,350],{},[56,48234,48236],{"className":58,"code":48235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4\n",[15,48237,48238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48239,48240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48241,48235],{"class":83},[20,48243,2736,48244,48246,48247,48249],{},[15,48245,1705],{},", remember that ",[15,48248,2444],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[51,48251,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,48253,1289,48255,48257],{"id":48254},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48256,2444],{}," round numbers?",[20,48259,45949,48260,48262],{},[15,48261,2444],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1286,48264,4727,48266,48269],{"id":48265},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48267,48268],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48271,28636,48272,48274,48275,48277,48278,39511],{},[15,48273,47679],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48276,2450],{}," first, then use ",[15,48279,2444],{},[1286,48281,4711,48283,12291],{"id":48282},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48284,48285],{},"int(True)",[20,48287,4717,48288,27889,48290,41738,48292,144],{},[15,48289,84],{},[15,48291,3240],{},[15,48293,1688],{},[1286,48295,48297],{"id":48296},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48299,48300],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[51,48302,1455],{"id":1454},[33,48304,48305,48311,48317,48323,48328,48332,48338],{},[36,48306,48307],{},[210,48308,48309,3076],{"href":2447},[15,48310,2450],{},[36,48312,48313],{},[210,48314,48315,3076],{"href":41758},[15,48316,47268],{},[36,48318,48319],{},[210,48320,48321,3076],{"href":5349},[15,48322,3379],{},[36,48324,48325],{},[210,48326,48327],{"href":2528},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,48329,48330],{},[210,48331,8636],{"href":8558},[36,48333,48334],{},[210,48335,48336,3076],{"href":7795},[15,48337,2524],{},[36,48339,48340],{},[210,48341,29922,48342],{"href":45500},[15,48343,45501],{},[1499,48345,48346],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":48348},[48349,48350,48352,48356,48361,48363,48365,48370,48374,48376,48385,48394],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":46213,"depth":101,"text":48351},"What int() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":48353},[48354,48355],{"id":46404,"depth":126,"text":46407},{"id":46504,"depth":126,"text":46507},{"id":46640,"depth":101,"text":48357,"children":48358},"Using int() with strings",[48359,48360],{"id":46762,"depth":126,"text":46763},{"id":46850,"depth":126,"text":46851},{"id":47125,"depth":101,"text":48362},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47271,"depth":101,"text":48364},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47391,"depth":101,"text":47392,"children":48366},[48367,48368,48369],{"id":47402,"depth":126,"text":47403},{"id":47471,"depth":126,"text":47472},{"id":47512,"depth":126,"text":47513},{"id":47570,"depth":101,"text":47571,"children":48371},[48372,48373],{"id":41096,"depth":126,"text":40286},{"id":41162,"depth":126,"text":2571},{"id":47914,"depth":101,"text":48375},"When to use int()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":48377},[48378,48379,48380,48382,48383],{"id":48018,"depth":126,"text":48019},{"id":48070,"depth":126,"text":48071},{"id":48088,"depth":126,"text":48381},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48161,"depth":126,"text":48162},{"id":48204,"depth":126,"text":48384},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":48386},[48387,48389,48391,48393],{"id":48254,"depth":126,"text":48388},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48265,"depth":126,"text":48390},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48282,"depth":126,"text":48392},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48296,"depth":126,"text":48297},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41679,"description":48395},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48402,"title":48403,"body":48404,"description":50239,"extension":1528,"meta":50240,"navigation":129,"path":44386,"seo":50241,"stem":50242,"__hash__":50243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48405,"toc":50195},[48406,48411,48416,48424,48433,48435,48494,48500,48505,48510,48513,48541,48544,48547,48558,48568,48570,48572,48592,48596,48624,48626,48665,48667,48675,48677,48680,48684,48737,48739,48751,48755,48812,48814,48826,48832,48838,48842,48845,48848,48914,48916,48928,48934,48936,48988,48991,49032,49035,49042,49051,49057,49060,49093,49099,49102,49133,49139,49142,49154,49158,49163,49167,49325,49327,49342,49345,49349,49453,49455,49472,49476,49537,49539,49547,49550,49554,49621,49623,49632,49638,49640,49649,49651,49686,49691,49693,49723,49727,49729,49766,49769,49771,49808,49814,49816,49866,49868,49876,49886,49892,49896,49901,49950,49952,49965,49968,49970,49973,50048,50051,50070,50073,50102,50112,50114,50119,50126,50132,50138,50145,50153,50159,50162,50164,50192],[10,48407,3143,48409,3147],{"id":48408},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48410,44389],{},[20,48412,48413,48415],{},[15,48414,44389],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48417,48418,48419,214,48421,48423],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48420,3172],{},[15,48422,3240],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48425,48426,48427,48429,48430,48432],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48428,44389],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48431,1869],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[51,48434,54],{"id":53},[56,48436,48438],{"className":58,"code":48437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48439,48440,48448,48452,48473],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48441,48442,48444,48446],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48443,2015],{"class":71},[65,48445,76],{"class":75},[65,48447,2153],{"class":83},[65,48449,48450],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48451,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48453,48454,48456,48458,48461,48463,48465,48467,48469,48471],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48455,164],{"class":163},[65,48457,151],{"class":79},[65,48459,48460],{"class":163},"isinstance",[65,48462,151],{"class":79},[65,48464,2040],{"class":147},[65,48466,87],{"class":79},[65,48468,44860],{"class":1259},[65,48470,758],{"class":79},[65,48472,43439],{"class":175},[65,48474,48475,48477,48479,48481,48483,48485,48487,48490,48492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48476,164],{"class":163},[65,48478,151],{"class":79},[65,48480,48460],{"class":163},[65,48482,151],{"class":79},[65,48484,2040],{"class":147},[65,48486,87],{"class":79},[65,48488,48489],{"class":1259}," str",[65,48491,758],{"class":79},[65,48493,43456],{"class":175},[20,48495,1660,48496,48499],{},[15,48497,48498],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[51,48501,183,48503,186],{"id":48502},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48504,44389],{},[20,48506,48507,48509],{},[15,48508,44389],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48511,48512],{},"It:",[33,48514,48515,48518,48524,48527],{},[36,48516,48517],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,48519,10999,48520,214,48522],{},[15,48521,3172],{},[15,48523,3240],{},[36,48525,48526],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,48528,48529,48530,1491,48532,1491,48534,1491,48536,1494,48539],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48531,3010],{},[15,48533,1757],{},[15,48535,7669],{},[15,48537,48538],{},"tuple",[15,48540,8399],{},[20,48542,48543],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48545,48546],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,48548,48549,48552,48555],{},[36,48550,48551],{},"loop through a list",[36,48553,48554],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,48556,48557],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48559,48560,48561,214,48564,144],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[210,48562,44381],{"href":48563},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[210,48565,48567],{"href":48566},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[51,48569,222],{"id":221},[20,48571,1728],{},[56,48573,48575],{"className":58,"code":48574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48576,48577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48578,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48580,48460],{"class":163},[65,48582,151],{"class":79},[65,48584,41982],{"class":1259},[65,48586,87],{"class":79},[65,48588,48589],{"class":147}," classinfo",[65,48591,157],{"class":79},[1286,48593,48595],{"id":48594},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,48597,48598,48603,48617],{},[36,48599,48600,48602],{},[15,48601,41982],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,48604,48605,48608,48609,1491,48611,1491,48613,1761,48615],{},[15,48606,48607],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48610,1757],{},[15,48612,3010],{},[15,48614,7669],{},[15,48616,8399],{},[36,48618,48619,48620,214,48622],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48621,3172],{},[15,48623,3240],{},[20,48625,267],{},[56,48627,48629],{"className":58,"code":48628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48630,48631,48643,48647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48632,48633,48635,48637,48639,48641],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48634,7451],{"class":71},[65,48636,76],{"class":75},[65,48638,499],{"class":487},[65,48640,11083],{"class":491},[65,48642,2925],{"class":487},[65,48644,48645],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48646,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48648,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48650,164],{"class":163},[65,48652,151],{"class":79},[65,48654,48460],{"class":163},[65,48656,151],{"class":79},[65,48658,7241],{"class":147},[65,48660,87],{"class":79},[65,48662,48489],{"class":1259},[65,48664,1028],{"class":79},[20,48666,350],{},[56,48668,48669],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48670,48671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48672,48673],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48674,3549],{"class":3419},[51,48676,467],{"id":466},[20,48678,48679],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1286,48681,48683],{"id":48682},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[56,48685,48687],{"className":58,"code":48686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48688,48689,48697,48701,48719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48690,48691,48693,48695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48692,2015],{"class":71},[65,48694,76],{"class":75},[65,48696,44809],{"class":83},[65,48698,48699],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48700,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48702,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711,48713,48715,48717],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48704,164],{"class":163},[65,48706,151],{"class":79},[65,48708,48460],{"class":163},[65,48710,151],{"class":79},[65,48712,2040],{"class":147},[65,48714,87],{"class":79},[65,48716,44860],{"class":1259},[65,48718,1028],{"class":79},[65,48720,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729,48731,48733,48735],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48722,164],{"class":163},[65,48724,151],{"class":79},[65,48726,48460],{"class":163},[65,48728,151],{"class":79},[65,48730,2040],{"class":147},[65,48732,87],{"class":79},[65,48734,48489],{"class":1259},[65,48736,1028],{"class":79},[20,48738,350],{},[56,48740,48741],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48742,48743,48747],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48744,48745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48746,3549],{"class":3419},[65,48748,48749],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48750,3610],{"class":3419},[1286,48752,48754],{"id":48753},"check-text","Check text",[56,48756,48758],{"className":58,"code":48757,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48759,48760,48772,48776,48794],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48761,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48763,34265],{"class":71},[65,48765,76],{"class":75},[65,48767,499],{"class":487},[65,48769,3412],{"class":491},[65,48771,2925],{"class":487},[65,48773,48774],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48775,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48777,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48779,164],{"class":163},[65,48781,151],{"class":79},[65,48783,48460],{"class":163},[65,48785,151],{"class":79},[65,48787,34286],{"class":147},[65,48789,87],{"class":79},[65,48791,48489],{"class":1259},[65,48793,1028],{"class":79},[65,48795,48796,48798,48800,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48797,164],{"class":163},[65,48799,151],{"class":79},[65,48801,48460],{"class":163},[65,48803,151],{"class":79},[65,48805,34286],{"class":147},[65,48807,87],{"class":79},[65,48809,44860],{"class":1259},[65,48811,1028],{"class":79},[20,48813,350],{},[56,48815,48816],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48817,48818,48822],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48819,48820],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48821,3549],{"class":3419},[65,48823,48824],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48825,3610],{"class":3419},[20,48827,48828,48829,48831],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48830,44389],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48833,48834,48835,144],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[210,48836,48837],{"href":2528},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[51,48839,48841],{"id":48840},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48843,48844],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48846,48847],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[56,48849,48851],{"className":58,"code":48850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48852,48853,48862,48866,48890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48854,48855,48857,48859],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48856,2015],{"class":71},[65,48858,76],{"class":75},[65,48860,48861],{"class":83}," 3.5\n",[65,48863,48864],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48865,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48867,48868,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48869,164],{"class":163},[65,48871,151],{"class":79},[65,48873,48460],{"class":163},[65,48875,151],{"class":79},[65,48877,2040],{"class":147},[65,48879,87],{"class":79},[65,48881,8815],{"class":79},[65,48883,1757],{"class":1259},[65,48885,87],{"class":79},[65,48887,39837],{"class":1259},[65,48889,2478],{"class":79},[65,48891,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48893,164],{"class":163},[65,48895,151],{"class":79},[65,48897,48460],{"class":163},[65,48899,151],{"class":79},[65,48901,2040],{"class":147},[65,48903,87],{"class":79},[65,48905,8815],{"class":79},[65,48907,3010],{"class":1259},[65,48909,87],{"class":79},[65,48911,22134],{"class":1259},[65,48913,2478],{"class":79},[20,48915,350],{},[56,48917,48918],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48919,48920,48924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48921,48922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48923,3549],{"class":3419},[65,48925,48926],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48927,3610],{"class":3419},[20,48929,48930,48931,48933],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48932,40419],{}," conditions.",[20,48935,7874],{},[56,48937,48939],{"className":58,"code":48938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48940,48941,48949,48953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48942,48943,48945,48947],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48944,2015],{"class":71},[65,48946,76],{"class":75},[65,48948,48861],{"class":83},[65,48950,48951],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,48952,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,48954,48955,48957,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,48956,164],{"class":163},[65,48958,151],{"class":79},[65,48960,1260],{"class":1259},[65,48962,151],{"class":79},[65,48964,2040],{"class":147},[65,48966,172],{"class":79},[65,48968,5978],{"class":75},[65,48970,44860],{"class":1259},[65,48972,47820],{"class":3444},[65,48974,48975],{"class":1259}," type",[65,48977,151],{"class":79},[65,48979,2040],{"class":147},[65,48981,172],{"class":79},[65,48983,5978],{"class":75},[65,48985,39837],{"class":1259},[65,48987,157],{"class":79},[20,48989,48990],{},"you can write this:",[56,48992,48994],{"className":58,"code":48993,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48995,48996,49004,49008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48997,48998,49000,49002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48999,2015],{"class":71},[65,49001,76],{"class":75},[65,49003,48861],{"class":83},[65,49005,49006],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49007,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49009,49010,49012,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49011,164],{"class":163},[65,49013,151],{"class":79},[65,49015,48460],{"class":163},[65,49017,151],{"class":79},[65,49019,2040],{"class":147},[65,49021,87],{"class":79},[65,49023,8815],{"class":79},[65,49025,1757],{"class":1259},[65,49027,87],{"class":79},[65,49029,39837],{"class":1259},[65,49031,2478],{"class":79},[20,49033,49034],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[51,49036,49038,657,49040],{"id":49037},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49039,44389],{},[15,49041,1869],{},[20,49043,10166,49044,634,49046,49050],{},[15,49045,44389],{},[210,49047,49048],{"href":1866},[15,49049,1869],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1286,49052,49054],{"id":49053},"typevalue-int",[15,49055,49056],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49058,49059],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[56,49061,49063],{"className":58,"code":49062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49064,49065,49073],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49066,49067,49069,49071],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49068,2015],{"class":71},[65,49070,76],{"class":75},[65,49072,2153],{"class":83},[65,49074,49075,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49076,164],{"class":163},[65,49078,151],{"class":79},[65,49080,1260],{"class":1259},[65,49082,151],{"class":79},[65,49084,2040],{"class":147},[65,49086,172],{"class":79},[65,49088,5978],{"class":75},[65,49090,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49092,157],{"class":79},[1286,49094,49096],{"id":49095},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49097,49098],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49100,49101],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[56,49103,49105],{"className":58,"code":49104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49106,49107,49115],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49108,49109,49111,49113],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49110,2015],{"class":71},[65,49112,76],{"class":75},[65,49114,2153],{"class":83},[65,49116,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125,49127,49129,49131],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49118,164],{"class":163},[65,49120,151],{"class":79},[65,49122,48460],{"class":163},[65,49124,151],{"class":79},[65,49126,2040],{"class":147},[65,49128,87],{"class":79},[65,49130,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49132,1028],{"class":79},[20,49134,49135,49136,49138],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49137,44389],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49140,49141],{},"In everyday code:",[33,49143,49144,49149],{},[36,49145,39572,49146,49148],{},[15,49147,1869],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,49150,39572,49151,49153],{},[15,49152,44389],{}," when you want a practical type check",[51,49155,49157],{"id":49156},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49159,49160,49161,144],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49162,44389],{},[1286,49164,49166],{"id":49165},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[56,49168,49170],{"className":58,"code":49169,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49171,49172,49190,49209,49221,49226,49244,49255,49259,49271,49275,49299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49173,49174,49176,49179,49181,49183,49185,49188],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49175,34429],{"class":1632},[65,49177,49178],{"class":34432}," repeat_text",[65,49180,151],{"class":79},[65,49182,34286],{"class":37243},[65,49184,87],{"class":79},[65,49186,49187],{"class":37243}," count",[65,49189,7918],{"class":79},[65,49191,49192,49194,49196,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49193,5968],{"class":3444},[65,49195,7675],{"class":75},[65,49197,49198],{"class":163}," isinstance",[65,49200,151],{"class":79},[65,49202,34286],{"class":147},[65,49204,87],{"class":79},[65,49206,48489],{"class":1259},[65,49208,7918],{"class":79},[65,49210,49211,49214,49216,49219],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49212,49213],{"class":3444},"        return",[65,49215,499],{"class":487},[65,49217,49218],{"class":491},"text must be a string",[65,49220,2925],{"class":487},[65,49222,49223],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49224,49225],{"class":71},"    \n",[65,49227,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,49229,5968],{"class":3444},[65,49231,7675],{"class":75},[65,49233,49198],{"class":163},[65,49235,151],{"class":79},[65,49237,40842],{"class":147},[65,49239,87],{"class":79},[65,49241,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49243,7918],{"class":79},[65,49245,49246,49248,49250,49253],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,49247,49213],{"class":3444},[65,49249,499],{"class":487},[65,49251,49252],{"class":491},"count must be an integer",[65,49254,2925],{"class":487},[65,49256,49257],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,49258,49225],{"class":71},[65,49260,49261,49263,49266,49268],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,49262,34440],{"class":3444},[65,49264,49265],{"class":71}," text ",[65,49267,39454],{"class":75},[65,49269,49270],{"class":71}," count\n",[65,49272,49273],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,49274,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49276,49277,49279,49281,49284,49286,49288,49291,49293,49295,49297],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,49278,164],{"class":163},[65,49280,151],{"class":79},[65,49282,49283],{"class":147},"repeat_text",[65,49285,151],{"class":79},[65,49287,488],{"class":487},[65,49289,49290],{"class":491},"Hi ",[65,49292,488],{"class":487},[65,49294,87],{"class":79},[65,49296,95],{"class":83},[65,49298,1028],{"class":79},[65,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323],{"class":67,"line":11169},[65,49302,164],{"class":163},[65,49304,151],{"class":79},[65,49306,49283],{"class":147},[65,49308,151],{"class":79},[65,49310,488],{"class":487},[65,49312,49290],{"class":491},[65,49314,488],{"class":487},[65,49316,87],{"class":79},[65,49318,499],{"class":487},[65,49320,111],{"class":491},[65,49322,488],{"class":487},[65,49324,1028],{"class":79},[20,49326,350],{},[56,49328,49330],{"className":58,"code":49329,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49331,49332,49337],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49333,49334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49335,49336],{"class":71},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[65,49338,49339],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49340,49341],{"class":71},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49343,49344],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1286,49346,49348],{"id":49347},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[56,49350,49352],{"className":58,"code":49351,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49353,49354,49386,49390,49406,49421,49438],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49357,2015],{"class":71},[65,49359,76],{"class":75},[65,49361,1339],{"class":79},[65,49363,488],{"class":487},[65,49365,210],{"class":491},[65,49367,488],{"class":487},[65,49369,87],{"class":79},[65,49371,499],{"class":487},[65,49373,154],{"class":491},[65,49375,488],{"class":487},[65,49377,87],{"class":79},[65,49379,499],{"class":487},[65,49381,9317],{"class":491},[65,49383,488],{"class":487},[65,49385,1352],{"class":79},[65,49387,49388],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49389,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49391,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49393,6569],{"class":3444},[65,49395,49198],{"class":163},[65,49397,151],{"class":79},[65,49399,2040],{"class":147},[65,49401,87],{"class":79},[65,49403,48489],{"class":1259},[65,49405,7918],{"class":79},[65,49407,49408,49410,49412,49414,49417,49419],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49409,7644],{"class":163},[65,49411,151],{"class":79},[65,49413,488],{"class":487},[65,49415,49416],{"class":491},"This is text",[65,49418,488],{"class":487},[65,49420,157],{"class":79},[65,49422,49423,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,49424,49425],{"class":3444},"elif",[65,49427,49198],{"class":163},[65,49429,151],{"class":79},[65,49431,2040],{"class":147},[65,49433,87],{"class":79},[65,49435,22134],{"class":1259},[65,49437,7918],{"class":79},[65,49439,49440,49442,49444,49446,49449,49451],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,49441,7644],{"class":163},[65,49443,151],{"class":79},[65,49445,488],{"class":487},[65,49447,49448],{"class":491},"This is a list",[65,49450,488],{"class":487},[65,49452,157],{"class":79},[20,49454,350],{},[56,49456,49458],{"className":58,"code":49457,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This is a list\n",[15,49459,49460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49461,49462,49465,49467,49469],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49463,49464],{"class":71},"This ",[65,49466,11769],{"class":75},[65,49468,44129],{"class":71},[65,49470,49471],{"class":1259},"list\n",[1286,49473,49475],{"id":49474},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[56,49477,49479],{"className":58,"code":49478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49480,49481,49493,49497,49513,49527],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49482,49483,49485,49487,49489,49491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49484,2015],{"class":71},[65,49486,76],{"class":75},[65,49488,499],{"class":487},[65,49490,46110],{"class":491},[65,49492,2925],{"class":487},[65,49494,49495],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49496,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49498,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49500,6569],{"class":3444},[65,49502,49198],{"class":163},[65,49504,151],{"class":79},[65,49506,2040],{"class":147},[65,49508,87],{"class":79},[65,49510,48489],{"class":1259},[65,49512,7918],{"class":79},[65,49514,49515,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49516,41473],{"class":71},[65,49518,76],{"class":75},[65,49520,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49522,151],{"class":79},[65,49524,2040],{"class":147},[65,49526,157],{"class":79},[65,49528,49529,49531,49533,49535],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,49530,7644],{"class":163},[65,49532,151],{"class":79},[65,49534,1807],{"class":147},[65,49536,157],{"class":79},[20,49538,350],{},[56,49540,49541],{"className":58,"code":46196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49542,49543],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49544,49545],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49546,46196],{"class":83},[20,49548,49549],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1286,49551,49553],{"id":49552},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[56,49555,49557],{"className":58,"code":49556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49558,49559,49583,49587,49603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49560,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49562,2015],{"class":71},[65,49564,76],{"class":75},[65,49566,80],{"class":79},[65,49568,488],{"class":487},[65,49570,7241],{"class":491},[65,49572,488],{"class":487},[65,49574,191],{"class":79},[65,49576,499],{"class":487},[65,49578,12456],{"class":491},[65,49580,488],{"class":487},[65,49582,98],{"class":79},[65,49584,49585],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49586,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49588,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49590,6569],{"class":3444},[65,49592,49198],{"class":163},[65,49594,151],{"class":79},[65,49596,2040],{"class":147},[65,49598,87],{"class":79},[65,49600,8749],{"class":1259},[65,49602,7918],{"class":79},[65,49604,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49606,7644],{"class":163},[65,49608,151],{"class":79},[65,49610,2040],{"class":147},[65,49612,3469],{"class":79},[65,49614,488],{"class":487},[65,49616,7241],{"class":491},[65,49618,488],{"class":487},[65,49620,3457],{"class":79},[20,49622,350],{},[56,49624,49626],{"className":58,"code":49625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\n",[15,49627,49628],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49629,49630],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49631,49625],{"class":71},[20,49633,49634,49635,49637],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49636,2571],{}," messages later.",[51,49639,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,49641,49643,49644,10667,49647],{"id":49642},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49645,49646],{},"\"int\"",[15,49648,1757],{},[20,49650,16219],{},[56,49652,49654],{"className":58,"code":49653,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49655,49656,49664],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49657,49658,49660,49662],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49659,2015],{"class":71},[65,49661,76],{"class":75},[65,49663,2153],{"class":83},[65,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49667,164],{"class":163},[65,49669,151],{"class":79},[65,49671,48460],{"class":163},[65,49673,151],{"class":79},[65,49675,2040],{"class":147},[65,49677,87],{"class":79},[65,49679,499],{"class":487},[65,49681,1757],{"class":491},[65,49683,488],{"class":487},[65,49685,1028],{"class":79},[20,49687,49688,49690],{},[15,49689,49646],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49692,16231],{},[56,49694,49695],{"className":58,"code":49104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49696,49697,49705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49698,49699,49701,49703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49700,2015],{"class":71},[65,49702,76],{"class":75},[65,49704,2153],{"class":83},[65,49706,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49708,164],{"class":163},[65,49710,151],{"class":79},[65,49712,48460],{"class":163},[65,49714,151],{"class":79},[65,49716,2040],{"class":147},[65,49718,87],{"class":79},[65,49720,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49722,1028],{"class":79},[1286,49724,49726],{"id":49725},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49728,16219],{},[56,49730,49732],{"className":58,"code":49731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49733,49734,49742],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49735,49736,49738,49740],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49737,2015],{"class":71},[65,49739,76],{"class":75},[65,49741,34420],{"class":83},[65,49743,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49745,164],{"class":163},[65,49747,151],{"class":79},[65,49749,48460],{"class":163},[65,49751,151],{"class":79},[65,49753,2040],{"class":147},[65,49755,87],{"class":79},[65,49757,1339],{"class":79},[65,49759,1757],{"class":1259},[65,49761,87],{"class":79},[65,49763,39837],{"class":1259},[65,49765,2565],{"class":79},[20,49767,49768],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49770,16231],{},[56,49772,49774],{"className":58,"code":49773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49775,49776,49784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49777,49778,49780,49782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49779,2015],{"class":71},[65,49781,76],{"class":75},[65,49783,34420],{"class":83},[65,49785,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49787,164],{"class":163},[65,49789,151],{"class":79},[65,49791,48460],{"class":163},[65,49793,151],{"class":79},[65,49795,2040],{"class":147},[65,49797,87],{"class":79},[65,49799,8815],{"class":79},[65,49801,1757],{"class":1259},[65,49803,87],{"class":79},[65,49805,39837],{"class":1259},[65,49807,2478],{"class":79},[1286,49809,25350,49811,49813],{"id":49810},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49812,44389],{}," converts a value",[20,49815,18488],{},[56,49817,49819],{"className":58,"code":49818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49820,49821,49834,49852,49856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49822,49823,49825,49827,49829,49832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49824,2015],{"class":71},[65,49826,76],{"class":75},[65,49828,499],{"class":487},[65,49830,49831],{"class":491},"123",[65,49833,2925],{"class":487},[65,49835,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49837,136],{"class":71},[65,49839,76],{"class":75},[65,49841,49198],{"class":163},[65,49843,151],{"class":79},[65,49845,2040],{"class":147},[65,49847,87],{"class":79},[65,49849,44860],{"class":1259},[65,49851,157],{"class":79},[65,49853,49854],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49855,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49857,49858,49860,49862,49864],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49859,164],{"class":163},[65,49861,151],{"class":79},[65,49863,169],{"class":147},[65,49865,157],{"class":79},[20,49867,350],{},[56,49869,49870],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49871,49872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49873,49874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49875,3610],{"class":3419},[20,49877,49878,49879,49882,49883,49885],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49880,49881],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49884,49831],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49887,49888,49889,6202],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49890,49891],{},"int(value)",[1286,49893,49895],{"id":49894},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49897,49898,49900],{},[15,49899,44389],{}," does not modify anything.",[56,49902,49904],{"className":58,"code":49903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49905,49906,49918,49922,49940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49907,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49909,2015],{"class":71},[65,49911,76],{"class":75},[65,49913,499],{"class":487},[65,49915,13132],{"class":491},[65,49917,2925],{"class":487},[65,49919,49920],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49921,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,49923,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,49925,164],{"class":163},[65,49927,151],{"class":79},[65,49929,48460],{"class":163},[65,49931,151],{"class":79},[65,49933,2040],{"class":147},[65,49935,87],{"class":79},[65,49937,48489],{"class":1259},[65,49939,1028],{"class":79},[65,49941,49942,49944,49946,49948],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49943,164],{"class":163},[65,49945,151],{"class":79},[65,49947,2040],{"class":147},[65,49949,157],{"class":79},[20,49951,350],{},[56,49953,49955],{"className":58,"code":49954,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n100\n",[15,49956,49957,49961],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49958,49959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49960,3549],{"class":3419},[65,49962,49963],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49964,46847],{"class":83},[20,49966,49967],{},"The value stays the same.",[51,49969,25518],{"id":25517},[20,49971,49972],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[56,49974,49976],{"className":58,"code":49975,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49977,49978,49992,50010,50034],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49979,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49981,164],{"class":163},[65,49983,151],{"class":79},[65,49985,1260],{"class":1259},[65,49987,151],{"class":79},[65,49989,2040],{"class":147},[65,49991,1028],{"class":79},[65,49993,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004,50006,50008],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,49995,164],{"class":163},[65,49997,151],{"class":79},[65,49999,48460],{"class":163},[65,50001,151],{"class":79},[65,50003,2040],{"class":147},[65,50005,87],{"class":79},[65,50007,44860],{"class":1259},[65,50009,1028],{"class":79},[65,50011,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,50013,164],{"class":163},[65,50015,151],{"class":79},[65,50017,48460],{"class":163},[65,50019,151],{"class":79},[65,50021,2040],{"class":147},[65,50023,87],{"class":79},[65,50025,8815],{"class":79},[65,50027,1757],{"class":1259},[65,50029,87],{"class":79},[65,50031,39837],{"class":1259},[65,50033,2478],{"class":79},[65,50035,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50037,164],{"class":163},[65,50039,151],{"class":79},[65,50041,41362],{"class":163},[65,50043,151],{"class":79},[65,50045,2040],{"class":147},[65,50047,1028],{"class":79},[20,50049,50050],{},"These can help when:",[33,50052,50053,50056,50061,50064],{},[36,50054,50055],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,50057,50058,50059],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50060,2571],{},[36,50062,50063],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,50065,50066,50067,50069],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50068,44389],{}," is invalid",[20,50071,50072],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,50074,50075,50088,50094,50099],{},[36,50076,1166,50077,214,50080,50083,50084,214,50086],{},[15,50078,50079],{},"'int'",[15,50081,50082],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50085,1757],{},[15,50087,3010],{},[36,50089,50090,50091,50093],{},"expecting ",[15,50092,44389],{}," to convert a value",[36,50095,1166,50096,50098],{},[15,50097,1869],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,50100,50101],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50103,50104,50105,144],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[210,50106,50108,50109],{"href":50107},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50110,50111],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[51,50113,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,50115,4711,50117,4714],{"id":50116},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50118,44389],{},[20,50120,4717,50121,50123,50124,144],{},[15,50122,3172],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50125,3240],{},[1286,50127,4739,50129,50131],{"id":50128},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50130,44389],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50133,50134,50135,144],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50136,50137],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1286,50139,1299,50141,634,50143,1304],{"id":50140},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50142,44389],{},[15,50144,1869],{},[20,50146,50147,50149,50150,50152],{},[15,50148,1869],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50151,44389],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1286,50154,1289,50156,50158],{"id":50155},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50157,44389],{}," convert a value?",[20,50160,50161],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[51,50163,1455],{"id":1454},[33,50165,50166,50172,50176,50181,50186],{},[36,50167,50168],{},[210,50169,3143,50170,3076],{"href":1866},[15,50171,1869],{},[36,50173,50174],{},[210,50175,44381],{"href":48563},[36,50177,50178],{},[210,50179,50180],{"href":2528},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,50182,50183],{},[210,50184,50185],{"href":48566},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,50187,50188],{},[210,50189,50108,50190],{"href":50107},[15,50191,50111],{},[1499,50193,50194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":50196},[50197,50198,50200,50203,50207,50208,50213,50219,50227,50228,50238],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":48502,"depth":101,"text":50199},"What isinstance() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":50201},[50202],{"id":48594,"depth":126,"text":48595},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467,"children":50204},[50205,50206],{"id":48682,"depth":126,"text":48683},{"id":48753,"depth":126,"text":48754},{"id":48840,"depth":101,"text":48841},{"id":49037,"depth":101,"text":50209,"children":50210},"isinstance() vs type()",[50211,50212],{"id":49053,"depth":126,"text":49056},{"id":49095,"depth":126,"text":49098},{"id":49156,"depth":101,"text":49157,"children":50214},[50215,50216,50217,50218],{"id":49165,"depth":126,"text":49166},{"id":49347,"depth":126,"text":49348},{"id":49474,"depth":126,"text":49475},{"id":49552,"depth":126,"text":49553},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":50220},[50221,50223,50224,50226],{"id":49642,"depth":126,"text":50222},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49725,"depth":126,"text":49726},{"id":49810,"depth":126,"text":50225},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49894,"depth":126,"text":49895},{"id":25517,"depth":101,"text":25518},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":50229},[50230,50232,50234,50236],{"id":50116,"depth":126,"text":50231},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50128,"depth":126,"text":50233},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50140,"depth":126,"text":50235},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50155,"depth":126,"text":50237},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48403,"description":50239},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50245,"title":50246,"body":50247,"description":52220,"extension":1528,"meta":52221,"navigation":129,"path":52222,"seo":52223,"stem":52224,"__hash__":52225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50248,"toc":52195},[50249,50252,50257,50262,50276,50279,50281,50356,50361,50365,50370,50373,50387,50389,50555,50568,50570,50572,50587,50590,50593,50606,50608,50706,50710,50716,50719,50728,50730,50765,50770,50791,50796,50801,50833,50836,50893,50897,50903,50906,50959,50961,51001,51004,51072,51075,51126,51133,51137,51143,51228,51234,51240,51289,51292,51295,51345,51347,51352,51356,51406,51410,51457,51461,51538,51542,51607,51610,51614,51619,51624,51636,51638,51657,51663,51666,51685,51690,51717,51724,51728,51734,51737,51832,51835,51838,51887,51892,51894,51898,51933,51936,51993,52003,52006,52040,52043,52045,52049,52052,52056,52059,52063,52066,52070,52083,52087,52092,52094,52144,52156,52158,52192],[10,50250,50246],{"id":50251},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50253,8701,50254,50256],{},[15,50255,41944],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50258,34984,50259,50261],{},[15,50260,41944],{}," to count:",[33,50263,50264,50267,50270,50273],{},[36,50265,50266],{},"characters in a string",[36,50268,50269],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,50271,50272],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,50274,50275],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50277,50278],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[51,50280,1570],{"id":1569},[56,50282,50284],{"className":58,"code":50283,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50285,50286,50298,50318,50322,50339],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50287,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50289,34265],{"class":71},[65,50291,76],{"class":75},[65,50293,499],{"class":487},[65,50295,3412],{"class":491},[65,50297,2925],{"class":487},[65,50299,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308,50310,50312,50314,50316],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50301,7353],{"class":71},[65,50303,76],{"class":75},[65,50305,1339],{"class":79},[65,50307,1898],{"class":83},[65,50309,87],{"class":79},[65,50311,7364],{"class":83},[65,50313,87],{"class":79},[65,50315,7369],{"class":83},[65,50317,1352],{"class":79},[65,50319,50320],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,50321,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,50323,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50325,164],{"class":163},[65,50327,151],{"class":79},[65,50329,10737],{"class":163},[65,50331,151],{"class":79},[65,50333,34286],{"class":147},[65,50335,758],{"class":79},[65,50337,50338],{"class":175},"   # 5\n",[65,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,50342,164],{"class":163},[65,50344,151],{"class":79},[65,50346,10737],{"class":163},[65,50348,151],{"class":79},[65,50350,7384],{"class":147},[65,50352,758],{"class":79},[65,50354,50355],{"class":175},"  # 3\n",[20,50357,1660,50358,50360],{},[15,50359,41944],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[51,50362,50364],{"id":50363},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50366,50367,50369],{},[15,50368,41944],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50371,50372],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,50374,50375,50378,50381,50384],{},[36,50376,50377],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,50379,50380],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,50382,50383],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,50385,50386],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50388,267],{},[56,50390,50392],{"className":58,"code":50391,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50393,50394,50406,50431,50463,50483,50487,50504,50521,50538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50395,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50397,7451],{"class":71},[65,50399,76],{"class":75},[65,50401,499],{"class":487},[65,50403,7250],{"class":491},[65,50405,2925],{"class":487},[65,50407,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50429],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50409,3185],{"class":71},[65,50411,76],{"class":75},[65,50413,1339],{"class":79},[65,50415,1898],{"class":83},[65,50417,87],{"class":79},[65,50419,7364],{"class":83},[65,50421,87],{"class":79},[65,50423,7369],{"class":83},[65,50425,87],{"class":79},[65,50427,50428],{"class":83}," 40",[65,50430,1352],{"class":79},[65,50432,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,50434,8744],{"class":71},[65,50436,76],{"class":75},[65,50438,80],{"class":79},[65,50440,488],{"class":487},[65,50442,210],{"class":491},[65,50444,488],{"class":487},[65,50446,191],{"class":79},[65,50448,5066],{"class":83},[65,50450,87],{"class":79},[65,50452,499],{"class":487},[65,50454,154],{"class":491},[65,50456,488],{"class":487},[65,50458,191],{"class":79},[65,50460,90],{"class":83},[65,50462,98],{"class":79},[65,50464,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50466,3389],{"class":71},[65,50468,76],{"class":75},[65,50470,80],{"class":79},[65,50472,1705],{"class":83},[65,50474,87],{"class":79},[65,50476,37224],{"class":83},[65,50478,87],{"class":79},[65,50480,5563],{"class":83},[65,50482,98],{"class":79},[65,50484,50485],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,50486,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,50488,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,50490,164],{"class":163},[65,50492,151],{"class":79},[65,50494,10737],{"class":163},[65,50496,151],{"class":79},[65,50498,7241],{"class":147},[65,50500,758],{"class":79},[65,50502,50503],{"class":175},"     # 3\n",[65,50505,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,50507,164],{"class":163},[65,50509,151],{"class":79},[65,50511,10737],{"class":163},[65,50513,151],{"class":79},[65,50515,3215],{"class":147},[65,50517,758],{"class":79},[65,50519,50520],{"class":175},"  # 4\n",[65,50522,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,50524,164],{"class":163},[65,50526,151],{"class":79},[65,50528,10737],{"class":163},[65,50530,151],{"class":79},[65,50532,8783],{"class":147},[65,50534,758],{"class":79},[65,50536,50537],{"class":175},"     # 2\n",[65,50539,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,50541,164],{"class":163},[65,50543,151],{"class":79},[65,50545,10737],{"class":163},[65,50547,151],{"class":79},[65,50549,4928],{"class":147},[65,50551,758],{"class":79},[65,50553,50554],{"class":175},"   # 3\n",[20,50556,50557,50558,1491,50562,1494,50566,144],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[210,50559,50561],{"href":50560},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[210,50563,50565],{"href":50564},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[210,50567,8734],{"href":8733},[51,50569,222],{"id":221},[20,50571,1728],{},[56,50573,50575],{"className":58,"code":50574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len(object)\n",[15,50576,50577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50578,50579,50581,50583,50585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50580,10737],{"class":163},[65,50582,151],{"class":79},[65,50584,41982],{"class":1259},[65,50586,157],{"class":79},[20,50588,50589],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50591,50592],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603],{},[36,50596,37488],{},[36,50598,37482],{},[36,50600,37485],{},[36,50602,37491],{},[36,50604,50605],{},"a dictionary",[20,50607,267],{},[56,50609,50611],{"className":58,"code":50610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50612,50613,50634,50658,50680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50614,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50616,164],{"class":163},[65,50618,151],{"class":79},[65,50620,10737],{"class":163},[65,50622,151],{"class":79},[65,50624,488],{"class":487},[65,50626,60],{"class":491},[65,50628,488],{"class":487},[65,50630,758],{"class":79},[65,50632,50633],{"class":175},"      # 6\n",[65,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50637,164],{"class":163},[65,50639,151],{"class":79},[65,50641,10737],{"class":163},[65,50643,2552],{"class":79},[65,50645,84],{"class":83},[65,50647,87],{"class":79},[65,50649,90],{"class":83},[65,50651,87],{"class":79},[65,50653,95],{"class":83},[65,50655,4303],{"class":79},[65,50657,50503],{"class":175},[65,50659,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50677],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,50661,164],{"class":163},[65,50663,151],{"class":79},[65,50665,10737],{"class":163},[65,50667,5079],{"class":79},[65,50669,1898],{"class":83},[65,50671,87],{"class":79},[65,50673,7364],{"class":83},[65,50675,50676],{"class":79},")))",[65,50678,50679],{"class":175},"      # 2\n",[65,50681,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700,50703],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50683,164],{"class":163},[65,50685,151],{"class":79},[65,50687,10737],{"class":163},[65,50689,5098],{"class":79},[65,50691,488],{"class":487},[65,50693,1742],{"class":491},[65,50695,488],{"class":487},[65,50697,191],{"class":79},[65,50699,5066],{"class":83},[65,50701,50702],{"class":79},"}))",[65,50704,50705],{"class":175},"      # 1\n",[51,50707,50709],{"id":50708},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50711,50712,50713,50715],{},"When you use ",[15,50714,41944],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50717,50718],{},"That includes:",[33,50720,50721,50723,50725],{},[36,50722,35723],{},[36,50724,10029],{},[36,50726,50727],{},"punctuation",[20,50729,267],{},[56,50731,50733],{"className":58,"code":50732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50734,50735,50748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50736,50737,50739,50741,50743,50746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50738,34265],{"class":71},[65,50740,76],{"class":75},[65,50742,499],{"class":487},[65,50744,50745],{"class":491},"Hi there!",[65,50747,2925],{"class":487},[65,50749,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50751,164],{"class":163},[65,50753,151],{"class":79},[65,50755,10737],{"class":163},[65,50757,151],{"class":79},[65,50759,34286],{"class":147},[65,50761,758],{"class":79},[65,50763,50764],{"class":175},"  # 9\n",[20,50766,50767,50768,1304],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50769,1713],{},[33,50771,50772,50778,50782,50785],{},[36,50773,50774,50777],{},[15,50775,50776],{},"H"," = 1",[36,50779,50780,50777],{},[15,50781,35734],{},[36,50783,50784],{},"space = 1",[36,50786,50787,50790],{},[15,50788,50789],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50792,50793,50794],{},"Total: ",[15,50795,1713],{},[20,50797,50798,50799,191],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50800,1688],{},[56,50802,50804],{"className":58,"code":50803,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50805,50806,50815],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50807,50808,50811,50813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50809,50810],{"class":71},"empty_text ",[65,50812,76],{"class":75},[65,50814,7456],{"class":487},[65,50816,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50828,50830],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50818,164],{"class":163},[65,50820,151],{"class":79},[65,50822,10737],{"class":163},[65,50824,151],{"class":79},[65,50826,50827],{"class":147},"empty_text",[65,50829,758],{"class":79},[65,50831,50832],{"class":175},"  # 0\n",[20,50834,50835],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[56,50837,50839],{"className":58,"code":50838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50840,50841,50854,50858,50878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50842,50843,50846,50848,50850,50852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50844,50845],{"class":71},"user_name ",[65,50847,76],{"class":75},[65,50849,499],{"class":487},[65,50851,4572],{"class":491},[65,50853,2925],{"class":487},[65,50855,50856],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50857,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,50859,50860,50862,50864,50866,50869,50871,50874,50876],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,50861,6569],{"class":3444},[65,50863,37967],{"class":163},[65,50865,151],{"class":79},[65,50867,50868],{"class":147},"user_name",[65,50870,172],{"class":79},[65,50872,50873],{"class":75}," >=",[65,50875,95],{"class":83},[65,50877,5963],{"class":79},[65,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886,50889,50891],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50881,7644],{"class":163},[65,50883,151],{"class":79},[65,50885,488],{"class":487},[65,50887,50888],{"class":491},"Name is long enough",[65,50890,488],{"class":487},[65,50892,157],{"class":79},[51,50894,50896],{"id":50895},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50898,50899,50900,50902],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50901,41944],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50904,50905],{},"Example with a list:",[56,50907,50909],{"className":58,"code":50908,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50910,50911,50943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50912,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50914,12652],{"class":71},[65,50916,76],{"class":75},[65,50918,1339],{"class":79},[65,50920,488],{"class":487},[65,50922,492],{"class":491},[65,50924,488],{"class":487},[65,50926,87],{"class":79},[65,50928,499],{"class":487},[65,50930,511],{"class":491},[65,50932,488],{"class":487},[65,50934,87],{"class":79},[65,50936,499],{"class":487},[65,50938,502],{"class":491},[65,50940,488],{"class":487},[65,50942,1352],{"class":79},[65,50944,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50946,164],{"class":163},[65,50948,151],{"class":79},[65,50950,10737],{"class":163},[65,50952,151],{"class":79},[65,50954,17077],{"class":147},[65,50956,758],{"class":79},[65,50958,50355],{"class":175},[20,50960,37497],{},[56,50962,50964],{"className":58,"code":50963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50965,50966,50983],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50967,50968,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50969,50970],{"class":71},"point ",[65,50972,76],{"class":75},[65,50974,8815],{"class":79},[65,50976,1898],{"class":83},[65,50978,87],{"class":79},[65,50980,7364],{"class":83},[65,50982,157],{"class":79},[65,50984,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50996,50998],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,50986,164],{"class":163},[65,50988,151],{"class":79},[65,50990,10737],{"class":163},[65,50992,151],{"class":79},[65,50994,50995],{"class":147},"point",[65,50997,758],{"class":79},[65,50999,51000],{"class":175},"  # 2\n",[20,51002,51003],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[56,51005,51007],{"className":58,"code":51006,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51008,51009,51033,51037,51055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51010,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51012,7353],{"class":71},[65,51014,76],{"class":75},[65,51016,1339],{"class":79},[65,51018,488],{"class":487},[65,51020,3648],{"class":491},[65,51022,488],{"class":487},[65,51024,87],{"class":79},[65,51026,499],{"class":487},[65,51028,3657],{"class":491},[65,51030,488],{"class":487},[65,51032,1352],{"class":79},[65,51034,51035],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51036,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51038,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51040,6569],{"class":3444},[65,51042,37967],{"class":163},[65,51044,151],{"class":79},[65,51046,7384],{"class":147},[65,51048,172],{"class":79},[65,51050,37977],{"class":75},[65,51052,5066],{"class":83},[65,51054,5963],{"class":79},[65,51056,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51058,7644],{"class":163},[65,51060,151],{"class":79},[65,51062,7384],{"class":147},[65,51064,3469],{"class":79},[65,51066,84],{"class":83},[65,51068,20021],{"class":79},[65,51070,51071],{"class":175},"  # banana\n",[20,51073,51074],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[56,51076,51078],{"className":58,"code":51077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51079,51080,51103],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51081,51082,51084,51086,51088,51091,51093,51096,51098,51101],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51083,4632],{"class":71},[65,51085,76],{"class":75},[65,51087,1339],{"class":79},[65,51089,51090],{"class":83},"88",[65,51092,87],{"class":79},[65,51094,51095],{"class":83}," 91",[65,51097,87],{"class":79},[65,51099,51100],{"class":83}," 75",[65,51102,1352],{"class":79},[65,51104,51105,51107,51109,51111,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51106,164],{"class":163},[65,51108,151],{"class":79},[65,51110,488],{"class":487},[65,51112,51113],{"class":491},"Number of scores:",[65,51115,488],{"class":487},[65,51117,87],{"class":79},[65,51119,37967],{"class":163},[65,51121,151],{"class":79},[65,51123,15964],{"class":147},[65,51125,1028],{"class":79},[20,51127,51128,51129,144],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[210,51130,51132],{"href":51131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[51,51134,51136],{"id":51135},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51138,51139,51140,51142],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51141,41944],{}," counts keys.",[56,51144,51146],{"className":58,"code":51145,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51147,51148,51156,51174,51188,51204,51208,51212],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51149,51150,51152,51154],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51151,12439],{"class":71},[65,51153,76],{"class":75},[65,51155,11067],{"class":79},[65,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51159,11072],{"class":487},[65,51161,7241],{"class":491},[65,51163,488],{"class":487},[65,51165,191],{"class":79},[65,51167,499],{"class":487},[65,51169,7496],{"class":491},[65,51171,488],{"class":487},[65,51173,11088],{"class":79},[65,51175,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51177,11072],{"class":487},[65,51179,8877],{"class":491},[65,51181,488],{"class":487},[65,51183,191],{"class":79},[65,51185,30518],{"class":83},[65,51187,11088],{"class":79},[65,51189,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51191,11072],{"class":487},[65,51193,19466],{"class":491},[65,51195,488],{"class":487},[65,51197,191],{"class":79},[65,51199,499],{"class":487},[65,51201,21820],{"class":491},[65,51203,2925],{"class":487},[65,51205,51206],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,51207,98],{"class":79},[65,51209,51210],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,51211,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51213,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,51215,164],{"class":163},[65,51217,151],{"class":79},[65,51219,10737],{"class":163},[65,51221,151],{"class":79},[65,51223,13200],{"class":147},[65,51225,758],{"class":79},[65,51227,50355],{"class":175},[20,51229,51230,51231,51233],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51232,41944],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51235,51236,51237,51239],{},"For sets, ",[15,51238,41944],{}," counts unique items:",[56,51241,51243],{"className":58,"code":51242,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51244,51245,51273],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51246,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51248,3185],{"class":71},[65,51250,76],{"class":75},[65,51252,80],{"class":79},[65,51254,84],{"class":83},[65,51256,87],{"class":79},[65,51258,90],{"class":83},[65,51260,87],{"class":79},[65,51262,95],{"class":83},[65,51264,87],{"class":79},[65,51266,95],{"class":83},[65,51268,87],{"class":79},[65,51270,90],{"class":83},[65,51272,98],{"class":79},[65,51274,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51276,164],{"class":163},[65,51278,151],{"class":79},[65,51280,10737],{"class":163},[65,51282,151],{"class":79},[65,51284,3215],{"class":147},[65,51286,758],{"class":79},[65,51288,50355],{"class":175},[20,51290,51291],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51293,51294],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[56,51296,51298],{"className":58,"code":51297,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51299,51300,51308,51312,51330],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51301,51302,51304,51306],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51303,8744],{"class":71},[65,51305,76],{"class":75},[65,51307,9416],{"class":79},[65,51309,51310],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51311,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51313,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51315,6569],{"class":3444},[65,51317,37967],{"class":163},[65,51319,151],{"class":79},[65,51321,8783],{"class":147},[65,51323,172],{"class":79},[65,51325,5978],{"class":75},[65,51327,3400],{"class":83},[65,51329,5963],{"class":79},[65,51331,51332,51334,51336,51338,51341,51343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51333,7644],{"class":163},[65,51335,151],{"class":79},[65,51337,488],{"class":487},[65,51339,51340],{"class":491},"The dictionary is empty",[65,51342,488],{"class":487},[65,51344,157],{"class":79},[51,51346,40628],{"id":40627},[20,51348,51349,51350,144],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51351,41944],{},[1286,51353,51355],{"id":51354},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[56,51357,51359],{"className":58,"code":51358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51360,51361,51369,51373,51391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51362,51363,51365,51367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51364,7353],{"class":71},[65,51366,76],{"class":75},[65,51368,7413],{"class":79},[65,51370,51371],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51372,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51374,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51376,6569],{"class":3444},[65,51378,37967],{"class":163},[65,51380,151],{"class":79},[65,51382,7384],{"class":147},[65,51384,172],{"class":79},[65,51386,5978],{"class":75},[65,51388,3400],{"class":83},[65,51390,5963],{"class":79},[65,51392,51393,51395,51397,51399,51402,51404],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51394,7644],{"class":163},[65,51396,151],{"class":79},[65,51398,488],{"class":487},[65,51400,51401],{"class":491},"The list is empty",[65,51403,488],{"class":487},[65,51405,157],{"class":79},[1286,51407,51409],{"id":51408},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[56,51411,51413],{"className":58,"code":51412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51414,51415,51434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51416,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427,51430,51432],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51418,5724],{"class":71},[65,51420,76],{"class":75},[65,51422,7818],{"class":163},[65,51424,151],{"class":79},[65,51426,488],{"class":487},[65,51428,51429],{"class":491},"Enter a word: ",[65,51431,488],{"class":487},[65,51433,157],{"class":79},[65,51435,51436,51438,51440,51442,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51437,164],{"class":163},[65,51439,151],{"class":79},[65,51441,488],{"class":487},[65,51443,51444],{"class":491},"Number of characters:",[65,51446,488],{"class":487},[65,51448,87],{"class":79},[65,51450,37967],{"class":163},[65,51452,151],{"class":79},[65,51454,37972],{"class":147},[65,51456,1028],{"class":79},[1286,51458,51460],{"id":51459},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[56,51462,51464],{"className":58,"code":51463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51465,51466,51480,51484,51502,51517,51523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51467,51468,51471,51473,51475,51478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51469,51470],{"class":71},"password ",[65,51472,76],{"class":75},[65,51474,499],{"class":487},[65,51476,51477],{"class":491},"secret123",[65,51479,2925],{"class":487},[65,51481,51482],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51483,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51485,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51487,6569],{"class":3444},[65,51489,37967],{"class":163},[65,51491,151],{"class":79},[65,51493,17196],{"class":147},[65,51495,172],{"class":79},[65,51497,50873],{"class":75},[65,51499,5929],{"class":83},[65,51501,5963],{"class":79},[65,51503,51504,51506,51508,51510,51513,51515],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51505,7644],{"class":163},[65,51507,151],{"class":79},[65,51509,488],{"class":487},[65,51511,51512],{"class":491},"Password length is valid",[65,51514,488],{"class":487},[65,51516,157],{"class":79},[65,51518,51519,51521],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,51520,27009],{"class":3444},[65,51522,5963],{"class":79},[65,51524,51525,51527,51529,51531,51534,51536],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,51526,7644],{"class":163},[65,51528,151],{"class":79},[65,51530,488],{"class":487},[65,51532,51533],{"class":491},"Password is too short",[65,51535,488],{"class":487},[65,51537,157],{"class":79},[1286,51539,51541],{"id":51540},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[56,51543,51545],{"className":58,"code":51544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51546,51547,51583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51548,51549,51552,51554,51556,51558,51561,51563,51565,51567,51570,51572,51574,51576,51579,51581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51550,51551],{"class":71},"results ",[65,51553,76],{"class":75},[65,51555,1339],{"class":79},[65,51557,488],{"class":487},[65,51559,51560],{"class":491},"item1",[65,51562,488],{"class":487},[65,51564,87],{"class":79},[65,51566,499],{"class":487},[65,51568,51569],{"class":491},"item2",[65,51571,488],{"class":487},[65,51573,87],{"class":79},[65,51575,499],{"class":487},[65,51577,51578],{"class":491},"item3",[65,51580,488],{"class":487},[65,51582,1352],{"class":79},[65,51584,51585,51587,51589,51591,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51605],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51586,164],{"class":163},[65,51588,151],{"class":79},[65,51590,488],{"class":487},[65,51592,51593],{"class":491},"Items found:",[65,51595,488],{"class":487},[65,51597,87],{"class":79},[65,51599,37967],{"class":163},[65,51601,151],{"class":79},[65,51603,51604],{"class":147},"results",[65,51606,1028],{"class":79},[20,51608,51609],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[51,51611,51613],{"id":51612},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51615,51616,51618],{},[15,51617,41944],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51620,51621,51622,191],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51623,2571],{},[33,51625,51626,51629,51632],{},[36,51627,51628],{},"plain integers",[36,51630,51631],{},"floats",[36,51633,51634],{},[15,51635,3344],{},[20,51637,267],{},[56,51639,51641],{"className":58,"code":51640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51642,51643],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51644,51645,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51646,164],{"class":163},[65,51648,151],{"class":79},[65,51650,10737],{"class":163},[65,51652,151],{"class":79},[65,51654,1705],{"class":83},[65,51656,1028],{"class":79},[20,51658,51659,51660,51662],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51661,1705],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51664,51665],{},"Another example:",[56,51667,51669],{"className":58,"code":51668,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51670,51671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51672,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51674,164],{"class":163},[65,51676,151],{"class":79},[65,51678,10737],{"class":163},[65,51680,151],{"class":79},[65,51682,39725],{"class":83},[65,51684,1028],{"class":79},[20,51686,51687,51688,191],{},"And with ",[15,51689,3344],{},[56,51691,51693],{"className":58,"code":51692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51694,51695,51703],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51696,51697,51699,51701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51698,2015],{"class":71},[65,51700,76],{"class":75},[65,51702,48112],{"class":3419},[65,51704,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51706,164],{"class":163},[65,51708,151],{"class":79},[65,51710,10737],{"class":163},[65,51712,151],{"class":79},[65,51714,2040],{"class":147},[65,51716,1028],{"class":79},[20,51718,51719,51720,144],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[210,51721,51723],{"href":51722},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[51,51725,51727],{"id":51726},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51729,51730,51731,51733],{},"Before using ",[15,51732,41944],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51735,51736],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[56,51738,51740],{"className":58,"code":51739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51741,51742,51750,51754,51764,51778,51796,51814],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51743,51744,51746,51748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51745,2015],{"class":71},[65,51747,76],{"class":75},[65,51749,48112],{"class":3419},[65,51751,51752],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51753,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51755,51756,51758,51760,51762],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51757,164],{"class":163},[65,51759,151],{"class":79},[65,51761,2040],{"class":147},[65,51763,157],{"class":79},[65,51765,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51767,164],{"class":163},[65,51769,151],{"class":79},[65,51771,1260],{"class":1259},[65,51773,151],{"class":79},[65,51775,2040],{"class":147},[65,51777,1028],{"class":79},[65,51779,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,51781,164],{"class":163},[65,51783,151],{"class":79},[65,51785,48460],{"class":163},[65,51787,151],{"class":79},[65,51789,2040],{"class":147},[65,51791,87],{"class":79},[65,51793,48489],{"class":1259},[65,51795,1028],{"class":79},[65,51797,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,51799,164],{"class":163},[65,51801,151],{"class":79},[65,51803,48460],{"class":163},[65,51805,151],{"class":79},[65,51807,2040],{"class":147},[65,51809,87],{"class":79},[65,51811,22134],{"class":1259},[65,51813,1028],{"class":79},[65,51815,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828,51830],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,51817,164],{"class":163},[65,51819,151],{"class":79},[65,51821,48460],{"class":163},[65,51823,151],{"class":79},[65,51825,2040],{"class":147},[65,51827,87],{"class":79},[65,51829,8749],{"class":1259},[65,51831,1028],{"class":79},[20,51833,51834],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51836,51837],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[56,51839,51841],{"className":58,"code":51840,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51842,51843,51855,51859,51873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51846,2015],{"class":71},[65,51848,76],{"class":75},[65,51850,499],{"class":487},[65,51852,3412],{"class":491},[65,51854,2925],{"class":487},[65,51856,51857],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51858,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,51860,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,51862,6569],{"class":3444},[65,51864,21159],{"class":71},[65,51866,11769],{"class":75},[65,51868,7675],{"class":75},[65,51870,3420],{"class":3419},[65,51872,5963],{"class":79},[65,51874,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51876,7644],{"class":163},[65,51878,151],{"class":79},[65,51880,10737],{"class":163},[65,51882,151],{"class":79},[65,51884,2040],{"class":147},[65,51886,1028],{"class":79},[20,51888,51889,51890,144],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[210,51891,8019],{"href":1866},[51,51893,2396],{"id":2395},[20,51895,22669,51896,191],{},[15,51897,41944],{},[33,51899,51900,51908,51916,51924,51930],{},[36,51901,7994,51902,51904,51905],{},[15,51903,41944],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51906,51907],{},"len(5)",[36,51909,7994,51910,51912,51913],{},[15,51911,41944],{}," on a float like ",[15,51914,51915],{},"len(3.14)",[36,51917,7994,51918,51920,51921,51923],{},[15,51919,41944],{}," on ",[15,51922,3344],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,51925,4148,51926,51929],{},[15,51927,51928],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,51931,51932],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51934,51935],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[56,51937,51939],{"className":58,"code":51938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51940,51941,51977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51942,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51944,12779],{"class":71},[65,51946,76],{"class":75},[65,51948,80],{"class":79},[65,51950,488],{"class":487},[65,51952,7241],{"class":491},[65,51954,488],{"class":487},[65,51956,191],{"class":79},[65,51958,499],{"class":487},[65,51960,12456],{"class":491},[65,51962,488],{"class":487},[65,51964,87],{"class":79},[65,51966,499],{"class":487},[65,51968,8877],{"class":491},[65,51970,488],{"class":487},[65,51972,191],{"class":79},[65,51974,7364],{"class":83},[65,51976,98],{"class":79},[65,51978,51979,51981,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,51980,164],{"class":163},[65,51982,151],{"class":79},[65,51984,10737],{"class":163},[65,51986,151],{"class":79},[65,51988,16882],{"class":147},[65,51990,758],{"class":79},[65,51992,51000],{"class":175},[20,51994,37175,51995,51997,51998,634,52000,144],{},[15,51996,1624],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51999,14815],{},[15,52001,52002],{},"\"age\"",[20,52004,52005],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[56,52007,52009],{"className":58,"code":52008,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52010,52011,52024],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52012,52013,52015,52017,52019,52022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52014,34265],{"class":71},[65,52016,76],{"class":75},[65,52018,499],{"class":487},[65,52020,52021],{"class":491},"a b",[65,52023,2925],{"class":487},[65,52025,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52027,164],{"class":163},[65,52029,151],{"class":79},[65,52031,10737],{"class":163},[65,52033,151],{"class":79},[65,52035,34286],{"class":147},[65,52037,758],{"class":79},[65,52039,50355],{"class":175},[20,52041,52042],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[51,52044,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,52046,52048],{"id":52047},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52050,52051],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1286,52053,52055],{"id":52054},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52057,52058],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1286,52060,52062],{"id":52061},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52064,52065],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1286,52067,52069],{"id":52068},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52071,52072,52073,52075,52076,214,52078,52080,52081,144],{},"No. Using ",[15,52074,41944],{}," on an ",[15,52077,1757],{},[15,52079,1760],{}," raises a ",[15,52082,2571],{},[1286,52084,52086],{"id":52085},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52088,7336,52089,144],{},[15,52090,52091],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52093,267],{},[56,52095,52097],{"className":58,"code":52096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52098,52099,52107,52111,52129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52100,52101,52103,52105],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52102,7884],{"class":71},[65,52104,76],{"class":75},[65,52106,7413],{"class":79},[65,52108,52109],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52110,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52112,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52114,6569],{"class":3444},[65,52116,37967],{"class":163},[65,52118,151],{"class":79},[65,52120,7915],{"class":147},[65,52122,172],{"class":79},[65,52124,5978],{"class":75},[65,52126,3400],{"class":83},[65,52128,5963],{"class":79},[65,52130,52131,52133,52135,52137,52140,52142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52132,7644],{"class":163},[65,52134,151],{"class":79},[65,52136,488],{"class":487},[65,52138,52139],{"class":491},"Empty list",[65,52141,488],{"class":487},[65,52143,157],{"class":79},[20,52145,52146,52147,52149,52150,52152,52153,52155],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52148,3240],{}," in an ",[15,52151,6569],{}," statement, but ",[15,52154,41944],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[51,52157,1455],{"id":1454},[33,52159,52160,52164,52168,52172,52177,52181,52187],{},[36,52161,52162],{},[210,52163,50561],{"href":50560},[36,52165,52166],{},[210,52167,50565],{"href":50564},[36,52169,52170],{},[210,52171,8734],{"href":8733},[36,52173,52174],{},[210,52175,52176],{"href":51131},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52178,52179],{},[210,52180,8019],{"href":1866},[36,52182,52183],{},[210,52184,52186],{"href":52185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,52188,52189],{},[210,52190,52191],{"href":51722},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1499,52193,52194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":52196},[52197,52198,52199,52200,52201,52202,52203,52209,52210,52211,52212,52219],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":50363,"depth":101,"text":50364},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":50708,"depth":101,"text":50709},{"id":50895,"depth":101,"text":50896},{"id":51135,"depth":101,"text":51136},{"id":40627,"depth":101,"text":40628,"children":52204},[52205,52206,52207,52208],{"id":51354,"depth":126,"text":51355},{"id":51408,"depth":126,"text":51409},{"id":51459,"depth":126,"text":51460},{"id":51540,"depth":126,"text":51541},{"id":51612,"depth":101,"text":51613},{"id":51726,"depth":101,"text":51727},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":52213},[52214,52215,52216,52217,52218],{"id":52047,"depth":126,"text":52048},{"id":52054,"depth":126,"text":52055},{"id":52061,"depth":126,"text":52062},{"id":52068,"depth":126,"text":52069},{"id":52085,"depth":126,"text":52086},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50246,"description":52220},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52227,"title":52228,"body":52229,"description":53914,"extension":1528,"meta":53915,"navigation":129,"path":53916,"seo":53917,"stem":53918,"__hash__":53919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52230,"toc":53887},[52231,52234,52248,52254,52256,52310,52315,52319,52335,52338,52352,52358,52360,52363,52382,52398,52400,52476,52478,52515,52526,52528,52531,52592,52594,52627,52630,52636,52640,52643,52768,52770,52829,52837,52890,52892,52919,52925,52935,52939,52942,52947,52999,53001,53027,53033,53087,53089,53114,53117,53141,53147,53149,53153,53155,53212,53214,53222,53224,53246,53248,53301,53303,53327,53331,53333,53372,53374,53382,53388,53392,53444,53446,53472,53480,53484,53489,53498,53500,53566,53568,53600,53604,53609,53611,53625,53628,53701,53703,53729,53731,53735,53742,53746,53753,53757,53760,53762,53815,53817,53843,53847,53856,53858,53884],[10,52232,52228],{"id":52233},"python-list-append-method",[20,52235,1545,52236,52239,52240,52243,52244,52247],{},[15,52237,52238],{},"append()"," method adds ",[43,52241,52242],{},"one item"," to the ",[43,52245,52246],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52249,52250,52251,52253],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[43,52252,45],{}," create a new list.",[51,52255,54],{"id":53},[56,52257,52259],{"className":58,"code":52258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52260,52261,52281,52295,52305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52262,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52264,3185],{"class":71},[65,52266,76],{"class":75},[65,52268,1339],{"class":79},[65,52270,84],{"class":83},[65,52272,87],{"class":79},[65,52274,90],{"class":83},[65,52276,87],{"class":79},[65,52278,95],{"class":83},[65,52280,1352],{"class":79},[65,52282,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291,52293],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52284,3215],{"class":71},[65,52286,144],{"class":79},[65,52288,13127],{"class":147},[65,52290,151],{"class":79},[65,52292,2072],{"class":83},[65,52294,157],{"class":79},[65,52296,52297,52299,52301,52303],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52298,164],{"class":163},[65,52300,151],{"class":79},[65,52302,3215],{"class":147},[65,52304,157],{"class":79},[65,52306,52307],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52308,52309],{"class":175},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52311,1660,52312,52314],{},[15,52313,52238],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[51,52316,52318],{"id":52317},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,52320,52321,52326,52329,52332],{},[36,52322,52323,52325],{},[15,52324,52238],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,52327,52328],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,52330,52331],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,52333,52334],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52336,52337],{},"This means you can append:",[33,52339,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350],{},[36,52341,3215],{},[36,52343,4878],{},[36,52345,40176],{},[36,52347,4869],{},[36,52349,6823],{},[36,52351,34239],{},[20,52353,52354,52355,144],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[210,52356,52357],{"href":50564},"Python lists explained for beginners",[51,52359,5000],{"id":4999},[20,52361,52362],{},"Basic form:",[56,52364,52366],{"className":58,"code":52365,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52367,52368],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52369,52370,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52371,7915],{"class":71},[65,52373,144],{"class":79},[65,52375,13127],{"class":147},[65,52377,151],{"class":79},[65,52379,22885],{"class":147},[65,52381,157],{"class":79},[33,52383,52384,52389,52394],{},[36,52385,52386,52388],{},[15,52387,7915],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,52390,52391,52393],{},[15,52392,22885],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,52395,11486,52396],{},[15,52397,3344],{},[20,52399,267],{},[56,52401,52403],{"className":58,"code":52402,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52404,52405,52429,52452,52456,52466],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52406,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52408,35819],{"class":71},[65,52410,76],{"class":75},[65,52412,1339],{"class":79},[65,52414,488],{"class":487},[65,52416,3648],{"class":491},[65,52418,488],{"class":487},[65,52420,87],{"class":79},[65,52422,499],{"class":487},[65,52424,3657],{"class":491},[65,52426,488],{"class":487},[65,52428,1352],{"class":79},[65,52430,52431,52433,52435,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448,52450],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52432,136],{"class":71},[65,52434,76],{"class":75},[65,52436,52437],{"class":71}," fruits",[65,52439,144],{"class":79},[65,52441,13127],{"class":147},[65,52443,151],{"class":79},[65,52445,488],{"class":487},[65,52447,32797],{"class":491},[65,52449,488],{"class":487},[65,52451,157],{"class":79},[65,52453,52454],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52455,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52457,52458,52460,52462,52464],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52459,164],{"class":163},[65,52461,151],{"class":79},[65,52463,35871],{"class":147},[65,52465,157],{"class":79},[65,52467,52468,52470,52472,52474],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,52469,164],{"class":163},[65,52471,151],{"class":79},[65,52473,169],{"class":147},[65,52475,157],{"class":79},[20,52477,350],{},[56,52479,52481],{"className":58,"code":52480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52482,52483,52511],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52484,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52486,3469],{"class":79},[65,52488,594],{"class":487},[65,52490,3648],{"class":491},[65,52492,594],{"class":487},[65,52494,87],{"class":79},[65,52496,603],{"class":487},[65,52498,3657],{"class":491},[65,52500,594],{"class":487},[65,52502,87],{"class":79},[65,52504,603],{"class":487},[65,52506,32797],{"class":491},[65,52508,594],{"class":487},[65,52510,1352],{"class":79},[65,52512,52513],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52514,11383],{"class":3419},[20,52516,52517,52518,52520,52521,52523,52524,144],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52519,52238],{}," updates ",[15,52522,35871],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52525,3344],{},[51,52527,467],{"id":466},[20,52529,52530],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[56,52532,52534],{"className":58,"code":52533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52535,52536,52560,52578,52582],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52537,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52539,12652],{"class":71},[65,52541,76],{"class":75},[65,52543,1339],{"class":79},[65,52545,488],{"class":487},[65,52547,492],{"class":491},[65,52549,488],{"class":487},[65,52551,87],{"class":79},[65,52553,499],{"class":487},[65,52555,502],{"class":491},[65,52557,488],{"class":487},[65,52559,1352],{"class":79},[65,52561,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52563,17077],{"class":71},[65,52565,144],{"class":79},[65,52567,13127],{"class":147},[65,52569,151],{"class":79},[65,52571,488],{"class":487},[65,52573,511],{"class":491},[65,52575,488],{"class":487},[65,52577,157],{"class":79},[65,52579,52580],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52581,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52583,52584,52586,52588,52590],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52585,164],{"class":163},[65,52587,151],{"class":79},[65,52589,17077],{"class":147},[65,52591,157],{"class":79},[20,52593,350],{},[56,52595,52597],{"className":58,"code":52596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52598,52599],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52600,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52602,3469],{"class":79},[65,52604,594],{"class":487},[65,52606,492],{"class":491},[65,52608,594],{"class":487},[65,52610,87],{"class":79},[65,52612,603],{"class":487},[65,52614,502],{"class":491},[65,52616,594],{"class":487},[65,52618,87],{"class":79},[65,52620,603],{"class":487},[65,52622,511],{"class":491},[65,52624,594],{"class":487},[65,52626,1352],{"class":79},[20,52628,52629],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52631,30658,52632,144],{},[210,52633,52635],{"href":52634},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[51,52637,52639],{"id":52638},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52641,52642],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[56,52644,52646],{"className":58,"code":52645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52647,52648,52656,52660,52674,52692,52706,52732,52754,52758],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52649,52650,52652,52654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52651,7353],{"class":71},[65,52653,76],{"class":75},[65,52655,7413],{"class":79},[65,52657,52658],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52659,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52661,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52663,7384],{"class":71},[65,52665,144],{"class":79},[65,52667,13127],{"class":147},[65,52669,151],{"class":79},[65,52671,1898],{"class":83},[65,52673,157],{"class":79},[65,52675,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52677,7384],{"class":71},[65,52679,144],{"class":79},[65,52681,13127],{"class":147},[65,52683,151],{"class":79},[65,52685,488],{"class":487},[65,52687,3412],{"class":491},[65,52689,488],{"class":487},[65,52691,157],{"class":79},[65,52693,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,52695,7384],{"class":71},[65,52697,144],{"class":79},[65,52699,13127],{"class":147},[65,52701,151],{"class":79},[65,52703,3172],{"class":3419},[65,52705,157],{"class":79},[65,52707,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,52709,7384],{"class":71},[65,52711,144],{"class":79},[65,52713,13127],{"class":147},[65,52715,5098],{"class":79},[65,52717,488],{"class":487},[65,52719,7241],{"class":491},[65,52721,488],{"class":487},[65,52723,191],{"class":79},[65,52725,499],{"class":487},[65,52727,7250],{"class":491},[65,52729,488],{"class":487},[65,52731,30071],{"class":79},[65,52733,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,52735,7384],{"class":71},[65,52737,144],{"class":79},[65,52739,13127],{"class":147},[65,52741,2552],{"class":79},[65,52743,84],{"class":83},[65,52745,87],{"class":79},[65,52747,90],{"class":83},[65,52749,87],{"class":79},[65,52751,95],{"class":83},[65,52753,3457],{"class":79},[65,52755,52756],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,52757,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,52761,164],{"class":163},[65,52763,151],{"class":79},[65,52765,7384],{"class":147},[65,52767,157],{"class":79},[20,52769,350],{},[56,52771,52773],{"className":58,"code":52772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52774,52775],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52776,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52778,3469],{"class":79},[65,52780,1898],{"class":83},[65,52782,87],{"class":79},[65,52784,603],{"class":487},[65,52786,3412],{"class":491},[65,52788,594],{"class":487},[65,52790,87],{"class":79},[65,52792,3485],{"class":3419},[65,52794,87],{"class":79},[65,52796,80],{"class":79},[65,52798,594],{"class":487},[65,52800,7241],{"class":491},[65,52802,594],{"class":487},[65,52804,191],{"class":79},[65,52806,603],{"class":487},[65,52808,7250],{"class":491},[65,52810,594],{"class":487},[65,52812,52813],{"class":79},"},",[65,52815,1339],{"class":79},[65,52817,84],{"class":83},[65,52819,87],{"class":79},[65,52821,90],{"class":83},[65,52823,87],{"class":79},[65,52825,95],{"class":83},[65,52827,52828],{"class":79},"]]\n",[20,52830,52831,52832,41738,52834,144],{},"A list added with ",[15,52833,52238],{},[43,52835,52836],{},"one single item",[56,52838,52840],{"className":58,"code":52839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52841,52842,52858,52876,52880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52843,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52845,3185],{"class":71},[65,52847,76],{"class":75},[65,52849,1339],{"class":79},[65,52851,84],{"class":83},[65,52853,87],{"class":79},[65,52855,90],{"class":83},[65,52857,1352],{"class":79},[65,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52861,3215],{"class":71},[65,52863,144],{"class":79},[65,52865,13127],{"class":147},[65,52867,2552],{"class":79},[65,52869,111],{"class":83},[65,52871,87],{"class":79},[65,52873,116],{"class":83},[65,52875,3457],{"class":79},[65,52877,52878],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52879,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52881,52882,52884,52886,52888],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52883,164],{"class":163},[65,52885,151],{"class":79},[65,52887,3215],{"class":147},[65,52889,157],{"class":79},[20,52891,350],{},[56,52893,52895],{"className":58,"code":52894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52896,52897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52898,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52900,3469],{"class":79},[65,52902,84],{"class":83},[65,52904,87],{"class":79},[65,52906,90],{"class":83},[65,52908,87],{"class":79},[65,52910,1339],{"class":79},[65,52912,111],{"class":83},[65,52914,87],{"class":79},[65,52916,116],{"class":83},[65,52918,52828],{"class":79},[20,52920,1853,52921,52924],{},[15,52922,52923],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52926,52927,52928,52934],{},"This is different from ",[210,52929,52931],{"href":52930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52932,52933],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[51,52936,52938],{"id":52937},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52940,52941],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1286,52943,7994,52945],{"id":52944},"using-append",[15,52946,52238],{},[56,52948,52949],{"className":58,"code":52839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,52950,52951,52967,52985,52989],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52952,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52954,3185],{"class":71},[65,52956,76],{"class":75},[65,52958,1339],{"class":79},[65,52960,84],{"class":83},[65,52962,87],{"class":79},[65,52964,90],{"class":83},[65,52966,1352],{"class":79},[65,52968,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,52970,3215],{"class":71},[65,52972,144],{"class":79},[65,52974,13127],{"class":147},[65,52976,2552],{"class":79},[65,52978,111],{"class":83},[65,52980,87],{"class":79},[65,52982,116],{"class":83},[65,52984,3457],{"class":79},[65,52986,52987],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,52988,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52992,164],{"class":163},[65,52994,151],{"class":79},[65,52996,3215],{"class":147},[65,52998,157],{"class":79},[20,53000,350],{},[56,53002,53003],{"className":58,"code":52894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53004,53005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53008,3469],{"class":79},[65,53010,84],{"class":83},[65,53012,87],{"class":79},[65,53014,90],{"class":83},[65,53016,87],{"class":79},[65,53018,1339],{"class":79},[65,53020,111],{"class":83},[65,53022,87],{"class":79},[65,53024,116],{"class":83},[65,53026,52828],{"class":79},[1286,53028,7994,53030],{"id":53029},"using-extend",[15,53031,53032],{},"extend()",[56,53034,53036],{"className":58,"code":53035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53037,53038,53054,53073,53077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53039,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53041,3185],{"class":71},[65,53043,76],{"class":75},[65,53045,1339],{"class":79},[65,53047,84],{"class":83},[65,53049,87],{"class":79},[65,53051,90],{"class":83},[65,53053,1352],{"class":79},[65,53055,53056,53058,53060,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53057,3215],{"class":71},[65,53059,144],{"class":79},[65,53061,53062],{"class":147},"extend",[65,53064,2552],{"class":79},[65,53066,111],{"class":83},[65,53068,87],{"class":79},[65,53070,116],{"class":83},[65,53072,3457],{"class":79},[65,53074,53075],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53076,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53078,53079,53081,53083,53085],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53080,164],{"class":163},[65,53082,151],{"class":79},[65,53084,3215],{"class":147},[65,53086,157],{"class":79},[20,53088,350],{},[56,53090,53092],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53093,53094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53095,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53097,3469],{"class":79},[65,53099,84],{"class":83},[65,53101,87],{"class":79},[65,53103,90],{"class":83},[65,53105,87],{"class":79},[65,53107,95],{"class":83},[65,53109,87],{"class":79},[65,53111,116],{"class":83},[65,53113,1352],{"class":79},[20,53115,53116],{},"The difference:",[33,53118,53119,53125,53131,53136],{},[36,53120,53121,53124],{},[15,53122,53123],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,53126,53127,53130],{},[15,53128,53129],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,53132,1660,53133,53135],{},[15,53134,52238],{}," for one item",[36,53137,1660,53138,53140],{},[15,53139,53032],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53142,53143,53144,144],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[210,53145,53146],{"href":52930},"Python list extend() method",[51,53148,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,53150,53152],{"id":53151},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53154,25266],{},[56,53156,53158],{"className":58,"code":53157,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53159,53160,53180,53198,53202],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53161,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174,53176,53178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53163,7353],{"class":71},[65,53165,76],{"class":75},[65,53167,1339],{"class":79},[65,53169,84],{"class":83},[65,53171,87],{"class":79},[65,53173,90],{"class":83},[65,53175,87],{"class":79},[65,53177,95],{"class":83},[65,53179,1352],{"class":79},[65,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53183,7353],{"class":71},[65,53185,76],{"class":75},[65,53187,5535],{"class":71},[65,53189,144],{"class":79},[65,53191,13127],{"class":147},[65,53193,151],{"class":79},[65,53195,2072],{"class":83},[65,53197,157],{"class":79},[65,53199,53200],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53201,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53203,53204,53206,53208,53210],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53205,164],{"class":163},[65,53207,151],{"class":79},[65,53209,7384],{"class":147},[65,53211,157],{"class":79},[20,53213,350],{},[56,53215,53216],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53217,53218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53219,53220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53221,11383],{"class":3419},[20,53223,11475],{},[33,53225,53226,53231,53237],{},[36,53227,53228,53230],{},[15,53229,52238],{}," changes the list in place",[36,53232,53233,1965,53235],{},[15,53234,52238],{},[15,53236,3344],{},[36,53238,53239,53240,53243,53244],{},"So ",[15,53241,53242],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53245,3344],{},[20,53247,10383],{},[56,53249,53251],{"className":58,"code":53250,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53252,53253,53273,53287,53291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53254,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53256,7353],{"class":71},[65,53258,76],{"class":75},[65,53260,1339],{"class":79},[65,53262,84],{"class":83},[65,53264,87],{"class":79},[65,53266,90],{"class":83},[65,53268,87],{"class":79},[65,53270,95],{"class":83},[65,53272,1352],{"class":79},[65,53274,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53276,7384],{"class":71},[65,53278,144],{"class":79},[65,53280,13127],{"class":147},[65,53282,151],{"class":79},[65,53284,2072],{"class":83},[65,53286,157],{"class":79},[65,53288,53289],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53290,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53292,53293,53295,53297,53299],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53294,164],{"class":163},[65,53296,151],{"class":79},[65,53298,7384],{"class":147},[65,53300,157],{"class":79},[20,53302,350],{},[56,53304,53305],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53306,53307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53310,3469],{"class":79},[65,53312,84],{"class":83},[65,53314,87],{"class":79},[65,53316,90],{"class":83},[65,53318,87],{"class":79},[65,53320,95],{"class":83},[65,53322,87],{"class":79},[65,53324,116],{"class":83},[65,53326,1352],{"class":79},[1286,53328,53330],{"id":53329},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53332,18488],{},[56,53334,53336],{"className":58,"code":53335,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53337,53338,53362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53339,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53341,31458],{"class":71},[65,53343,76],{"class":75},[65,53345,1339],{"class":79},[65,53347,84],{"class":83},[65,53349,87],{"class":79},[65,53351,90],{"class":83},[65,53353,13124],{"class":79},[65,53355,13127],{"class":147},[65,53357,151],{"class":79},[65,53359,111],{"class":83},[65,53361,157],{"class":79},[65,53363,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53365,164],{"class":163},[65,53367,151],{"class":79},[65,53369,31477],{"class":147},[65,53371,157],{"class":79},[20,53373,350],{},[56,53375,53376],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53377,53378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53379,53380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53381,11383],{"class":3419},[20,53383,53384,53385,53387],{},"Remember: ",[15,53386,52238],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1286,53389,53391],{"id":53390},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[56,53393,53394],{"className":58,"code":52839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53395,53396,53412,53430,53434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53397,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53399,3185],{"class":71},[65,53401,76],{"class":75},[65,53403,1339],{"class":79},[65,53405,84],{"class":83},[65,53407,87],{"class":79},[65,53409,90],{"class":83},[65,53411,1352],{"class":79},[65,53413,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53415,3215],{"class":71},[65,53417,144],{"class":79},[65,53419,13127],{"class":147},[65,53421,2552],{"class":79},[65,53423,111],{"class":83},[65,53425,87],{"class":79},[65,53427,116],{"class":83},[65,53429,3457],{"class":79},[65,53431,53432],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53433,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53435,53436,53438,53440,53442],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53437,164],{"class":163},[65,53439,151],{"class":79},[65,53441,3215],{"class":147},[65,53443,157],{"class":79},[20,53445,350],{},[56,53447,53448],{"className":58,"code":52894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53449,53450],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53451,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53453,3469],{"class":79},[65,53455,84],{"class":83},[65,53457,87],{"class":79},[65,53459,90],{"class":83},[65,53461,87],{"class":79},[65,53463,1339],{"class":79},[65,53465,111],{"class":83},[65,53467,87],{"class":79},[65,53469,116],{"class":83},[65,53471,52828],{"class":79},[20,53473,2736,53474,53477,53478,6202],{},[15,53475,53476],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53479,53032],{},[1286,53481,53483],{"id":53482},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53485,53486,53488],{},[15,53487,52238],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53490,53491,53492,144],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[210,53493,53495],{"href":53494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53496,53497],{},"list.insert()",[20,53499,267],{},[56,53501,53503],{"className":58,"code":53502,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53504,53505,53529,53552,53556],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53506,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53508,35670],{"class":71},[65,53510,76],{"class":75},[65,53512,1339],{"class":79},[65,53514,488],{"class":487},[65,53516,210],{"class":491},[65,53518,488],{"class":487},[65,53520,87],{"class":79},[65,53522,499],{"class":487},[65,53524,9317],{"class":491},[65,53526,488],{"class":487},[65,53528,1352],{"class":79},[65,53530,53531,53533,53535,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53532,35723],{"class":71},[65,53534,144],{"class":79},[65,53536,53537],{"class":147},"insert",[65,53539,151],{"class":79},[65,53541,84],{"class":83},[65,53543,87],{"class":79},[65,53545,499],{"class":487},[65,53547,154],{"class":491},[65,53549,488],{"class":487},[65,53551,157],{"class":79},[65,53553,53554],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53555,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53557,53558,53560,53562,53564],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53559,164],{"class":163},[65,53561,151],{"class":79},[65,53563,35723],{"class":147},[65,53565,157],{"class":79},[20,53567,350],{},[56,53569,53570],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53571,53572],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53575,3469],{"class":79},[65,53577,594],{"class":487},[65,53579,210],{"class":491},[65,53581,594],{"class":487},[65,53583,87],{"class":79},[65,53585,603],{"class":487},[65,53587,154],{"class":491},[65,53589,594],{"class":487},[65,53591,87],{"class":79},[65,53593,603],{"class":487},[65,53595,9317],{"class":491},[65,53597,594],{"class":487},[65,53599,1352],{"class":79},[51,53601,53603],{"id":53602},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53605,53606,53608],{},[15,53607,52238],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53610,36006],{},[33,53612,53613,53616,53619,53622],{},[36,53614,53615],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,53617,53618],{},"collecting user input",[36,53620,53621],{},"storing results step by step",[36,53623,53624],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53626,53627],{},"Example with a loop:",[56,53629,53631],{"className":58,"code":53630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53632,53633,53642,53646,53667,53686,53690],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53634,53635,53638,53640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53636,53637],{"class":71},"squares ",[65,53639,76],{"class":75},[65,53641,7413],{"class":79},[65,53643,53644],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53645,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53647,53648,53650,53652,53654,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53649,5527],{"class":3444},[65,53651,5956],{"class":71},[65,53653,3451],{"class":3444},[65,53655,53656],{"class":163}," range",[65,53658,151],{"class":79},[65,53660,84],{"class":83},[65,53662,87],{"class":79},[65,53664,121],{"class":83},[65,53666,7918],{"class":79},[65,53668,53669,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53670,53671],{"class":71},"    squares",[65,53673,144],{"class":79},[65,53675,13127],{"class":147},[65,53677,151],{"class":79},[65,53679,1785],{"class":147},[65,53681,39454],{"class":75},[65,53683,1765],{"class":147},[65,53685,157],{"class":79},[65,53687,53688],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,53689,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53691,53692,53694,53696,53699],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,53693,164],{"class":163},[65,53695,151],{"class":79},[65,53697,53698],{"class":147},"squares",[65,53700,157],{"class":79},[20,53702,350],{},[56,53704,53706],{"className":58,"code":53705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53707,53708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53709,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53723,53725,53727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53711,3469],{"class":79},[65,53713,84],{"class":83},[65,53715,87],{"class":79},[65,53717,116],{"class":83},[65,53719,87],{"class":79},[65,53721,53722],{"class":83}," 9",[65,53724,87],{"class":79},[65,53726,13562],{"class":83},[65,53728,1352],{"class":79},[51,53730,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,53732,53734],{"id":53733},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53736,45949,53737,53739,53740,144],{},[15,53738,52238],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53741,3344],{},[1286,53743,53745],{"id":53744},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53747,53748,53749,144],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[210,53750,53751],{"href":52930},[15,53752,53032],{},[1286,53754,53756],{"id":53755},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53758,53759],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53761,267],{},[56,53763,53765],{"className":58,"code":53764,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53766,53767,53783,53801,53805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53768,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53770,8744],{"class":71},[65,53772,76],{"class":75},[65,53774,1339],{"class":79},[65,53776,84],{"class":83},[65,53778,87],{"class":79},[65,53780,90],{"class":83},[65,53782,1352],{"class":79},[65,53784,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53786,8783],{"class":71},[65,53788,144],{"class":79},[65,53790,13127],{"class":147},[65,53792,2552],{"class":79},[65,53794,111],{"class":83},[65,53796,87],{"class":79},[65,53798,116],{"class":83},[65,53800,3457],{"class":79},[65,53802,53803],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53804,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,53806,53807,53809,53811,53813],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53808,164],{"class":163},[65,53810,151],{"class":79},[65,53812,8783],{"class":147},[65,53814,157],{"class":79},[20,53816,350],{},[56,53818,53819],{"className":58,"code":52894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53820,53821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53822,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53824,3469],{"class":79},[65,53826,84],{"class":83},[65,53828,87],{"class":79},[65,53830,90],{"class":83},[65,53832,87],{"class":79},[65,53834,1339],{"class":79},[65,53836,111],{"class":83},[65,53838,87],{"class":79},[65,53840,116],{"class":83},[65,53842,52828],{"class":79},[1286,53844,53846],{"id":53845},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53848,53849,53851,53852,53855],{},[15,53850,52238],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53853,53854],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[51,53857,1455],{"id":1454},[33,53859,53860,53865,53869,53874,53878],{},[36,53861,53862],{},[210,53863,53864],{"href":52634},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,53866,53867],{},[210,53868,53146],{"href":52930},[36,53870,53871],{},[210,53872,53873],{"href":53494},"Python list insert() method",[36,53875,53876],{},[210,53877,52357],{"href":50564},[36,53879,53880],{},[210,53881,53883],{"href":53882},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1499,53885,53886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":53888},[53889,53890,53891,53892,53893,53894,53900,53906,53907,53913],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":52317,"depth":101,"text":52318},{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":52638,"depth":101,"text":52639},{"id":52937,"depth":101,"text":52938,"children":53895},[53896,53898],{"id":52944,"depth":126,"text":53897},"Using append()",{"id":53029,"depth":126,"text":53899},"Using extend()",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":53901},[53902,53903,53904,53905],{"id":53151,"depth":126,"text":53152},{"id":53329,"depth":126,"text":53330},{"id":53390,"depth":126,"text":53391},{"id":53482,"depth":126,"text":53483},{"id":53602,"depth":101,"text":53603},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":53908},[53909,53910,53911,53912],{"id":53733,"depth":126,"text":53734},{"id":53744,"depth":126,"text":53745},{"id":53755,"depth":126,"text":53756},{"id":53845,"depth":126,"text":53846},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52228,"description":53914},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53921,"title":53922,"body":53923,"description":55167,"extension":1528,"meta":55168,"navigation":129,"path":55169,"seo":55170,"stem":55171,"__hash__":55172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53924,"toc":55132},[53925,53931,53937,53943,53945,53993,53998,54003,54007,54023,54029,54031,54034,54049,54051,54062,54064,54066,54123,54125,54133,54135,54151,54157,54159,54165,54169,54253,54256,54305,54312,54320,54323,54337,54350,54356,54431,54438,54445,54519,54527,54530,54541,54550,54554,54558,54569,54571,54648,54669,54671,54681,54684,54732,54734,54755,54758,54760,54811,54817,54824,54891,54897,54903,54906,54933,54938,54944,54947,55019,55022,55033,55039,55041,55047,55050,55056,55062,55069,55077,55083,55089,55091,55129],[10,53926,53928,53929,18],{"id":53927},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53930,10897],{},[20,53932,53933,53936],{},[15,53934,53935],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53938,53939,53940,53942],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[43,53941,10909],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[51,53944,54],{"id":53},[56,53946,53948],{"className":58,"code":53947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53949,53950,53970,53980],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53951,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53953,7353],{"class":71},[65,53955,76],{"class":75},[65,53957,1339],{"class":79},[65,53959,84],{"class":83},[65,53961,87],{"class":79},[65,53963,90],{"class":83},[65,53965,87],{"class":79},[65,53967,95],{"class":83},[65,53969,1352],{"class":79},[65,53971,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,53973,7384],{"class":71},[65,53975,144],{"class":79},[65,53977,10958],{"class":147},[65,53979,8220],{"class":79},[65,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,53983,164],{"class":163},[65,53985,151],{"class":79},[65,53987,7384],{"class":147},[65,53989,172],{"class":79},[65,53991,53992],{"class":175},"  # []\n",[20,53994,1660,53995,53997],{},[15,53996,10897],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[51,53999,183,54001,186],{"id":54000},"what-listclear-does",[15,54002,53935],{},[20,54004,54005,191],{},[15,54006,53935],{},[33,54008,54009,54012,54015,54020],{},[36,54010,54011],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,54013,54014],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,54016,54017,54018],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54019,3353],{},[36,54021,54022],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54024,54025,54026,54028],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54027,10897],{},", but it contains no values.",[51,54030,222],{"id":221},[20,54032,54033],{},"Syntax:",[56,54035,54037],{"className":58,"code":54036,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54038,54039],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54040,54041,54043,54045,54047],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54042,7915],{"class":71},[65,54044,144],{"class":79},[65,54046,10958],{"class":147},[65,54048,8220],{"class":79},[20,54050,11034],{},[33,54052,54053,54056,54059],{},[36,54054,54055],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,54057,54058],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,54060,54061],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[51,54063,467],{"id":466},[20,54065,11052],{},[56,54067,54069],{"className":58,"code":54068,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54070,54071,54095,54099,54109,54113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54072,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54074,3185],{"class":71},[65,54076,76],{"class":75},[65,54078,1339],{"class":79},[65,54080,1898],{"class":83},[65,54082,87],{"class":79},[65,54084,7364],{"class":83},[65,54086,87],{"class":79},[65,54088,7369],{"class":83},[65,54090,87],{"class":79},[65,54092,50428],{"class":83},[65,54094,1352],{"class":79},[65,54096,54097],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54098,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54100,54101,54103,54105,54107],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54102,3215],{"class":71},[65,54104,144],{"class":79},[65,54106,10958],{"class":147},[65,54108,8220],{"class":79},[65,54110,54111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54112,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54116,164],{"class":163},[65,54118,151],{"class":79},[65,54120,3215],{"class":147},[65,54122,157],{"class":79},[20,54124,350],{},[56,54126,54127],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,54128,54129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54130,54131],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54132,37878],{"class":79},[20,54134,11258],{},[33,54136,54137,54142,54148],{},[36,54138,54139,54141],{},[15,54140,3215],{}," starts with four items",[36,54143,54144,54147],{},[15,54145,54146],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,54149,54150],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54152,54153,54154,144],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[210,54155,52357],{"href":54156},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[51,54158,16994],{"id":16993},[20,54160,54161,1965,54163,144],{},[15,54162,10897],{},[15,54164,3344],{},[20,54166,40488,54167,52253],{},[43,54168,45],{},[56,54170,54172],{"className":58,"code":54171,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54173,54174,54206,54210,54224,54228,54241],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54175,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54177,7353],{"class":71},[65,54179,76],{"class":75},[65,54181,1339],{"class":79},[65,54183,488],{"class":487},[65,54185,210],{"class":491},[65,54187,488],{"class":487},[65,54189,87],{"class":79},[65,54191,499],{"class":487},[65,54193,154],{"class":491},[65,54195,488],{"class":487},[65,54197,87],{"class":79},[65,54199,499],{"class":487},[65,54201,9317],{"class":491},[65,54203,488],{"class":487},[65,54205,1352],{"class":79},[65,54207,54208],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54209,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54211,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54213,136],{"class":71},[65,54215,76],{"class":75},[65,54217,5535],{"class":71},[65,54219,144],{"class":79},[65,54221,10958],{"class":147},[65,54223,8220],{"class":79},[65,54225,54226],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54227,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54229,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54231,164],{"class":163},[65,54233,151],{"class":79},[65,54235,7384],{"class":147},[65,54237,172],{"class":79},[65,54239,54240],{"class":175},"   # []\n",[65,54242,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,54244,164],{"class":163},[65,54246,151],{"class":79},[65,54248,169],{"class":147},[65,54250,172],{"class":79},[65,54252,20451],{"class":175},[20,54254,54255],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[56,54257,54259],{"className":58,"code":54258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54260,54261,54281,54295],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54262,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54264,7353],{"class":71},[65,54266,76],{"class":75},[65,54268,1339],{"class":79},[65,54270,84],{"class":83},[65,54272,87],{"class":79},[65,54274,90],{"class":83},[65,54276,87],{"class":79},[65,54278,95],{"class":83},[65,54280,1352],{"class":79},[65,54282,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54284,7353],{"class":71},[65,54286,76],{"class":75},[65,54288,5535],{"class":71},[65,54290,144],{"class":79},[65,54292,10958],{"class":147},[65,54294,8220],{"class":79},[65,54296,54297,54299,54301,54303],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54298,164],{"class":163},[65,54300,151],{"class":79},[65,54302,7384],{"class":147},[65,54304,157],{"class":79},[20,54306,11491,54307,41738,54309,54311],{},[15,54308,7384],{},[15,54310,3344],{},", not an empty list.",[51,54313,54315,54317,54318],{"id":54314},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54316,10897],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54319,3353],{},[20,54321,54322],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[56,54324,54325],{"className":58,"code":54036,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,54326,54327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54328,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54330,7915],{"class":71},[65,54332,144],{"class":79},[65,54334,10958],{"class":147},[65,54336,8220],{"class":79},[56,54338,54340],{"className":58,"code":54339,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n",[15,54341,54342],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54343,54344,54346,54348],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54345,7884],{"class":71},[65,54347,76],{"class":75},[65,54349,7413],{"class":79},[1286,54351,54353,54355],{"id":54352},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54354,10897],{}," empties the same list object",[56,54357,54359],{"className":58,"code":54358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54360,54361,54381,54389,54393,54403,54407,54419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54364,72],{"class":71},[65,54366,76],{"class":75},[65,54368,1339],{"class":79},[65,54370,84],{"class":83},[65,54372,87],{"class":79},[65,54374,90],{"class":83},[65,54376,87],{"class":79},[65,54378,95],{"class":83},[65,54380,1352],{"class":79},[65,54382,54383,54385,54387],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54384,104],{"class":71},[65,54386,76],{"class":75},[65,54388,35755],{"class":71},[65,54390,54391],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54392,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54394,54395,54397,54399,54401],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54396,210],{"class":71},[65,54398,144],{"class":79},[65,54400,10958],{"class":147},[65,54402,8220],{"class":79},[65,54404,54405],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54406,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54408,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,54410,164],{"class":163},[65,54412,151],{"class":79},[65,54414,210],{"class":147},[65,54416,172],{"class":79},[65,54418,53992],{"class":175},[65,54420,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,54422,164],{"class":163},[65,54424,151],{"class":79},[65,54426,154],{"class":147},[65,54428,172],{"class":79},[65,54430,53992],{"class":175},[20,54432,10166,54433,634,54435,54437],{},[15,54434,210],{},[15,54436,154],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1286,54439,54441,54444],{"id":54440},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54442,54443],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[56,54446,54448],{"className":58,"code":54447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54449,54450,54470,54478,54482,54490,54494,54506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54453,72],{"class":71},[65,54455,76],{"class":75},[65,54457,1339],{"class":79},[65,54459,84],{"class":83},[65,54461,87],{"class":79},[65,54463,90],{"class":83},[65,54465,87],{"class":79},[65,54467,95],{"class":83},[65,54469,1352],{"class":79},[65,54471,54472,54474,54476],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54473,104],{"class":71},[65,54475,76],{"class":75},[65,54477,35755],{"class":71},[65,54479,54480],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54481,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54483,54484,54486,54488],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54485,72],{"class":71},[65,54487,76],{"class":75},[65,54489,7413],{"class":79},[65,54491,54492],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54493,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,54497,164],{"class":163},[65,54499,151],{"class":79},[65,54501,210],{"class":147},[65,54503,172],{"class":79},[65,54505,53992],{"class":175},[65,54507,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,54509,164],{"class":163},[65,54511,151],{"class":79},[65,54513,154],{"class":147},[65,54515,172],{"class":79},[65,54517,54518],{"class":175},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54520,20346,54521,54523,54524,54526],{},[15,54522,210],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54525,154],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54528,54529],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,54531,54532,54535,54538],{},[36,54533,54534],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,54536,54537],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,54539,54540],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54542,54543,54544,144],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[210,54545,54547,54548,1474],{"href":54546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54549,12352],{},[51,54551,4529,54552],{"id":12013},[15,54553,10897],{},[20,54555,1660,54556,5887],{},[15,54557,10897],{},[33,54559,54560,54563,54566],{},[36,54561,54562],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,54564,54565],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,54567,54568],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54570,267],{},[56,54572,54574],{"className":58,"code":54573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54575,54576,54612,54616,54621,54632,54636],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54577,54578,54581,54583,54585,54587,54590,54592,54594,54596,54599,54601,54603,54605,54608,54610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54579,54580],{"class":71},"shopping_cart ",[65,54582,76],{"class":75},[65,54584,1339],{"class":79},[65,54586,488],{"class":487},[65,54588,54589],{"class":491},"milk",[65,54591,488],{"class":487},[65,54593,87],{"class":79},[65,54595,499],{"class":487},[65,54597,54598],{"class":491},"bread",[65,54600,488],{"class":487},[65,54602,87],{"class":79},[65,54604,499],{"class":487},[65,54606,54607],{"class":491},"eggs",[65,54609,488],{"class":487},[65,54611,1352],{"class":79},[65,54613,54614],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54615,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54617,54618],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54619,54620],{"class":175},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[65,54622,54623,54626,54628,54630],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54624,54625],{"class":71},"shopping_cart",[65,54627,144],{"class":79},[65,54629,10958],{"class":147},[65,54631,8220],{"class":79},[65,54633,54634],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54635,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54637,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,54639,164],{"class":163},[65,54641,151],{"class":79},[65,54643,54625],{"class":147},[65,54645,172],{"class":79},[65,54647,53992],{"class":175},[20,54649,54650,54651,54655,54656,54662,54663,144],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[210,54652,54654],{"href":54653},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[210,54657,54659,1474],{"href":54658},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54660,54661],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[210,54664,54666,1474],{"href":54665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54667,54668],{},"list.pop()",[51,54670,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,54672,54674,54675,10667,54678],{"id":54673},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54676,54677],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54679,54680],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54682,54683],{},"This does not call the method.",[56,54685,54687],{"className":58,"code":54686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54688,54689,54709,54713,54722],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54692,7353],{"class":71},[65,54694,76],{"class":75},[65,54696,1339],{"class":79},[65,54698,84],{"class":83},[65,54700,87],{"class":79},[65,54702,90],{"class":83},[65,54704,87],{"class":79},[65,54706,95],{"class":83},[65,54708,1352],{"class":79},[65,54710,54711],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54712,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54714,54715,54717,54719],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54716,7384],{"class":71},[65,54718,144],{"class":79},[65,54720,54721],{"class":24325},"clear\n",[65,54723,54724,54726,54728,54730],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54725,164],{"class":163},[65,54727,151],{"class":79},[65,54729,7384],{"class":147},[65,54731,157],{"class":79},[20,54733,350],{},[56,54735,54737],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54738,54739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54742,3469],{"class":79},[65,54744,84],{"class":83},[65,54746,87],{"class":79},[65,54748,90],{"class":83},[65,54750,87],{"class":79},[65,54752,95],{"class":83},[65,54754,1352],{"class":79},[20,54756,54757],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54759,10383],{},[56,54761,54763],{"className":58,"code":54762,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54764,54765,54785,54789,54799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781,54783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54768,7353],{"class":71},[65,54770,76],{"class":75},[65,54772,1339],{"class":79},[65,54774,84],{"class":83},[65,54776,87],{"class":79},[65,54778,90],{"class":83},[65,54780,87],{"class":79},[65,54782,95],{"class":83},[65,54784,1352],{"class":79},[65,54786,54787],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54788,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54790,54791,54793,54795,54797],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54792,7384],{"class":71},[65,54794,144],{"class":79},[65,54796,10958],{"class":147},[65,54798,8220],{"class":79},[65,54800,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54802,164],{"class":163},[65,54804,151],{"class":79},[65,54806,7384],{"class":147},[65,54808,172],{"class":79},[65,54810,53992],{"class":175},[1286,54812,8030,54814,54816],{"id":54813},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54815,10897],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54818,54819,1965,54821,54823],{},[15,54820,10897],{},[15,54822,3344],{},", not the list.",[56,54825,54827],{"className":58,"code":54826,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54828,54829,54849,54863,54867,54879],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54830,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54832,7353],{"class":71},[65,54834,76],{"class":75},[65,54836,1339],{"class":79},[65,54838,84],{"class":83},[65,54840,87],{"class":79},[65,54842,90],{"class":83},[65,54844,87],{"class":79},[65,54846,95],{"class":83},[65,54848,1352],{"class":79},[65,54850,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54852,136],{"class":71},[65,54854,76],{"class":75},[65,54856,5535],{"class":71},[65,54858,144],{"class":79},[65,54860,10958],{"class":147},[65,54862,8220],{"class":79},[65,54864,54865],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54866,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,54868,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54870,164],{"class":163},[65,54872,151],{"class":79},[65,54874,169],{"class":147},[65,54876,172],{"class":79},[65,54878,20451],{"class":175},[65,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,54882,164],{"class":163},[65,54884,151],{"class":79},[65,54886,7384],{"class":147},[65,54888,172],{"class":79},[65,54890,54240],{"class":175},[1286,54892,7994,54894,54896],{"id":54893},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54895,10897],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54898,54899,54900,54902],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54901,10897],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54904,54905],{},"This will fail:",[56,54907,54909],{"className":58,"code":54908,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54910,54911,54923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54912,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54914,34265],{"class":71},[65,54916,76],{"class":75},[65,54918,499],{"class":487},[65,54920,3412],{"class":491},[65,54922,2925],{"class":487},[65,54924,54925,54927,54929,54931],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54926,34286],{"class":71},[65,54928,144],{"class":79},[65,54930,10958],{"class":147},[65,54932,8220],{"class":79},[20,54934,54935,54936,33177],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54937,10897],{},[20,54939,54940,54941,54943],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54942,3344],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54945,54946],{},"Useful checks:",[56,54948,54950],{"className":58,"code":54949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54951,54952,54962,54976,54990,54999,55009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54955,164],{"class":163},[65,54957,151],{"class":79},[65,54959,7915],{"class":147},[65,54961,157],{"class":79},[65,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,54965,164],{"class":163},[65,54967,151],{"class":79},[65,54969,1260],{"class":1259},[65,54971,151],{"class":79},[65,54973,7915],{"class":147},[65,54975,1028],{"class":79},[65,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984,54986,54988],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,54979,164],{"class":163},[65,54981,151],{"class":79},[65,54983,12225],{"class":163},[65,54985,151],{"class":79},[65,54987,7915],{"class":147},[65,54989,1028],{"class":79},[65,54991,54992,54994,54996],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54993,43133],{"class":71},[65,54995,76],{"class":75},[65,54997,54998],{"class":71}," my_list\n",[65,55000,55001,55003,55005,55007],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55002,7915],{"class":71},[65,55004,144],{"class":79},[65,55006,10958],{"class":147},[65,55008,8220],{"class":79},[65,55010,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,55012,164],{"class":163},[65,55014,151],{"class":79},[65,55016,30318],{"class":147},[65,55018,157],{"class":79},[20,55020,55021],{},"These can help you see:",[33,55023,55024,55027,55030],{},[36,55025,55026],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,55028,55029],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,55031,55032],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55034,55035,55036,144],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[210,55037,55038],{"href":53882},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[51,55040,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,55042,1289,55044,55046],{"id":55043},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55045,53935],{}," delete the list?",[20,55048,55049],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1286,55051,1289,55053,55055],{"id":55052},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55054,53935],{}," return a new list?",[20,55057,55058,55059,55061],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55060,3344],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1286,55063,1299,55065,634,55067,1304],{"id":55064},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55066,10897],{},[15,55068,54443],{},[20,55070,55071,55073,55074,55076],{},[15,55072,10897],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55075,54443],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1286,55078,1316,55080,55082],{"id":55079},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55081,10897],{}," on other types?",[20,55084,55085,55086,55088],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55087,10897],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[51,55090,1455],{"id":1454},[33,55092,55093,55097,55102,55109,55116,55122],{},[36,55094,55095],{},[210,55096,52357],{"href":54156},[36,55098,55099],{},[210,55100,55101],{"href":54653},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,55103,55104],{},[210,55105,55106,55107,1474],{"href":54665},"Python list ",[15,55108,12338],{},[36,55110,55111],{},[210,55112,55106,55113,1474],{"href":54658},[15,55114,55115],{},"remove()",[36,55117,55118],{},[210,55119,55106,55120,1474],{"href":54546},[15,55121,12352],{},[36,55123,55124],{},[210,55125,29922,55126,33210],{"href":53882},[15,55127,55128],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1499,55130,55131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":55133},[55134,55135,55137,55138,55139,55140,55147,55148,55156,55166],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":54000,"depth":101,"text":55136},"What list.clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":54314,"depth":101,"text":55141,"children":55142},"clear() vs assigning []",[55143,55145],{"id":54352,"depth":126,"text":55144},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54440,"depth":126,"text":55146},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12013,"depth":101,"text":12384},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":55149},[55150,55152,55154],{"id":54673,"depth":126,"text":55151},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54813,"depth":126,"text":55153},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54893,"depth":126,"text":55155},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":55157},[55158,55160,55162,55164],{"id":55043,"depth":126,"text":55159},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55052,"depth":126,"text":55161},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55064,"depth":126,"text":55163},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55079,"depth":126,"text":55165},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53922,"description":55167},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55174,"title":55175,"body":55176,"description":56859,"extension":1528,"meta":56860,"navigation":129,"path":56861,"seo":56862,"stem":56863,"__hash__":56864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55177,"toc":56827},[55178,55183,55189,55197,55199,55288,55295,55300,55304,55318,55320,55397,55399,55460,55463,55465,55467,55488,55491,55505,55508,55553,55555,55563,55566,55572,55578,55581,55658,55660,55705,55708,55713,55796,55798,55839,55844,55848,55854,55856,55864,55867,55960,55962,56020,56023,56039,56044,56054,56059,56061,56066,56071,56074,56076,56133,56136,56189,56195,56200,56204,56221,56223,56307,56309,56350,56358,56360,56365,56371,56373,56436,56441,56510,56514,56549,56552,56554,56593,56597,56673,56679,56685,56690,56712,56715,56734,56742,56744,56750,56753,56760,56768,56773,56776,56780,56786,56794,56797,56799,56825],[10,55179,53928,55181,18],{"id":55180},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55182,12352],{},[20,55184,55185,55188],{},[15,55186,55187],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55190,55191,55192,13628,55194,55196],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55193,76],{},[43,55195,45],{}," make a real copy.",[51,55198,1570],{"id":1569},[56,55200,55202],{"className":58,"code":55201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55203,55204,55224,55239,55243,55258,55262,55275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55205,55206,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218,55220,55222],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55207,3185],{"class":71},[65,55209,76],{"class":75},[65,55211,1339],{"class":79},[65,55213,84],{"class":83},[65,55215,87],{"class":79},[65,55217,90],{"class":83},[65,55219,87],{"class":79},[65,55221,95],{"class":83},[65,55223,1352],{"class":79},[65,55225,55226,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55227,55228],{"class":71},"new_numbers ",[65,55230,76],{"class":75},[65,55232,3833],{"class":71},[65,55234,144],{"class":79},[65,55236,12487],{"class":147},[65,55238,8220],{"class":79},[65,55240,55241],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55242,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55244,55245,55248,55250,55252,55254,55256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55246,55247],{"class":71},"new_numbers",[65,55249,144],{"class":79},[65,55251,13127],{"class":147},[65,55253,151],{"class":79},[65,55255,2072],{"class":83},[65,55257,157],{"class":79},[65,55259,55260],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55261,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55263,55264,55266,55268,55270,55272],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,55265,164],{"class":163},[65,55267,151],{"class":79},[65,55269,3215],{"class":147},[65,55271,172],{"class":79},[65,55273,55274],{"class":175},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[65,55276,55277,55279,55281,55283,55285],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,55278,164],{"class":163},[65,55280,151],{"class":79},[65,55282,55247],{"class":147},[65,55284,172],{"class":79},[65,55286,55287],{"class":175},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55289,1660,55290,55292,55293,144],{},[15,55291,55187],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[43,55294,12426],{},[51,55296,183,55298,186],{"id":55297},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55299,55187],{},[20,55301,55302,191],{},[15,55303,55187],{},[33,55305,55306,55309,55312,55315],{},[36,55307,55308],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,55310,55311],{},"Returns that new list",[36,55313,55314],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,55316,55317],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55319,267],{},[56,55321,55323],{"className":58,"code":55322,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55324,55325,55357,55372,55376,55386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55326,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55328,35819],{"class":71},[65,55330,76],{"class":75},[65,55332,1339],{"class":79},[65,55334,488],{"class":487},[65,55336,3648],{"class":491},[65,55338,488],{"class":487},[65,55340,87],{"class":79},[65,55342,499],{"class":487},[65,55344,3657],{"class":491},[65,55346,488],{"class":487},[65,55348,87],{"class":79},[65,55350,499],{"class":487},[65,55352,32797],{"class":491},[65,55354,488],{"class":487},[65,55356,1352],{"class":79},[65,55358,55359,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55360,55361],{"class":71},"copied_fruits ",[65,55363,76],{"class":75},[65,55365,52437],{"class":71},[65,55367,144],{"class":79},[65,55369,12487],{"class":147},[65,55371,8220],{"class":79},[65,55373,55374],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55375,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55377,55378,55380,55382,55384],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55379,164],{"class":163},[65,55381,151],{"class":79},[65,55383,35871],{"class":147},[65,55385,157],{"class":79},[65,55387,55388,55390,55392,55395],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55389,164],{"class":163},[65,55391,151],{"class":79},[65,55393,55394],{"class":147},"copied_fruits",[65,55396,157],{"class":79},[20,55398,350],{},[56,55400,55402],{"className":58,"code":55401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55403,55404,55432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55405,55406,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55407,3469],{"class":79},[65,55409,594],{"class":487},[65,55411,3648],{"class":491},[65,55413,594],{"class":487},[65,55415,87],{"class":79},[65,55417,603],{"class":487},[65,55419,3657],{"class":491},[65,55421,594],{"class":487},[65,55423,87],{"class":79},[65,55425,603],{"class":487},[65,55427,32797],{"class":491},[65,55429,594],{"class":487},[65,55431,1352],{"class":79},[65,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55435,3469],{"class":79},[65,55437,594],{"class":487},[65,55439,3648],{"class":491},[65,55441,594],{"class":487},[65,55443,87],{"class":79},[65,55445,603],{"class":487},[65,55447,3657],{"class":491},[65,55449,594],{"class":487},[65,55451,87],{"class":79},[65,55453,603],{"class":487},[65,55455,32797],{"class":491},[65,55457,594],{"class":487},[65,55459,1352],{"class":79},[20,55461,55462],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[51,55464,222],{"id":221},[20,55466,1728],{},[56,55468,55470],{"className":58,"code":55469,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55471,55472],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55473,55474,55477,55479,55482,55484,55486],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55475,55476],{"class":71},"new_list ",[65,55478,76],{"class":75},[65,55480,55481],{"class":71}," old_list",[65,55483,144],{"class":79},[65,55485,12487],{"class":147},[65,55487,8220],{"class":79},[20,55489,55490],{},"How it works:",[33,55492,55493,55499,55502],{},[36,55494,55495,55496,55498],{},"Call ",[15,55497,12352],{}," on an existing list",[36,55500,55501],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,55503,55504],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55506,55507],{},"Example with an empty list:",[56,55509,55511],{"className":58,"code":55510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55512,55513,55522,55538,55542],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55514,55515,55518,55520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55516,55517],{"class":71},"empty_list ",[65,55519,76],{"class":75},[65,55521,7413],{"class":79},[65,55523,55524,55527,55529,55532,55534,55536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55525,55526],{"class":71},"new_empty_list ",[65,55528,76],{"class":75},[65,55530,55531],{"class":71}," empty_list",[65,55533,144],{"class":79},[65,55535,12487],{"class":147},[65,55537,8220],{"class":79},[65,55539,55540],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55541,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55543,55544,55546,55548,55551],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55545,164],{"class":163},[65,55547,151],{"class":79},[65,55549,55550],{"class":147},"new_empty_list",[65,55552,157],{"class":79},[20,55554,350],{},[56,55556,55557],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,55558,55559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55560,55561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55562,37878],{"class":79},[20,55564,55565],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[51,55567,55569,55570],{"id":55568},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55571,76],{},[20,55573,7994,55574,13628,55576,52253],{},[15,55575,76],{},[43,55577,45],{},[20,55579,55580],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[56,55582,55584],{"className":58,"code":55583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55585,55586,55606,55615,55619,55634,55638,55648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55587,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602,55604],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55589,3185],{"class":71},[65,55591,76],{"class":75},[65,55593,1339],{"class":79},[65,55595,84],{"class":83},[65,55597,87],{"class":79},[65,55599,90],{"class":83},[65,55601,87],{"class":79},[65,55603,95],{"class":83},[65,55605,1352],{"class":79},[65,55607,55608,55611,55613],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55609,55610],{"class":71},"same_list ",[65,55612,76],{"class":75},[65,55614,43566],{"class":71},[65,55616,55617],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55618,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55620,55621,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55622,55623],{"class":71},"same_list",[65,55625,144],{"class":79},[65,55627,13127],{"class":147},[65,55629,151],{"class":79},[65,55631,2072],{"class":83},[65,55633,157],{"class":79},[65,55635,55636],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55637,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55639,55640,55642,55644,55646],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,55641,164],{"class":163},[65,55643,151],{"class":79},[65,55645,3215],{"class":147},[65,55647,157],{"class":79},[65,55649,55650,55652,55654,55656],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,55651,164],{"class":163},[65,55653,151],{"class":79},[65,55655,55623],{"class":147},[65,55657,157],{"class":79},[20,55659,350],{},[56,55661,55663],{"className":58,"code":55662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55664,55665,55685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55666,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55668,3469],{"class":79},[65,55670,84],{"class":83},[65,55672,87],{"class":79},[65,55674,90],{"class":83},[65,55676,87],{"class":79},[65,55678,95],{"class":83},[65,55680,87],{"class":79},[65,55682,116],{"class":83},[65,55684,1352],{"class":79},[65,55686,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55688,3469],{"class":79},[65,55690,84],{"class":83},[65,55692,87],{"class":79},[65,55694,90],{"class":83},[65,55696,87],{"class":79},[65,55698,95],{"class":83},[65,55700,87],{"class":79},[65,55702,116],{"class":83},[65,55704,1352],{"class":79},[20,55706,55707],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55709,55710,55711,191],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55712,12352],{},[56,55714,55716],{"className":58,"code":55715,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55717,55718,55738,55753,55757,55772,55776,55786],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55719,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55721,3185],{"class":71},[65,55723,76],{"class":75},[65,55725,1339],{"class":79},[65,55727,84],{"class":83},[65,55729,87],{"class":79},[65,55731,90],{"class":83},[65,55733,87],{"class":79},[65,55735,95],{"class":83},[65,55737,1352],{"class":79},[65,55739,55740,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55741,55742],{"class":71},"copied_numbers ",[65,55744,76],{"class":75},[65,55746,3833],{"class":71},[65,55748,144],{"class":79},[65,55750,12487],{"class":147},[65,55752,8220],{"class":79},[65,55754,55755],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55756,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55758,55759,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55760,55761],{"class":71},"copied_numbers",[65,55763,144],{"class":79},[65,55765,13127],{"class":147},[65,55767,151],{"class":79},[65,55769,2072],{"class":83},[65,55771,157],{"class":79},[65,55773,55774],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55775,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55777,55778,55780,55782,55784],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,55779,164],{"class":163},[65,55781,151],{"class":79},[65,55783,3215],{"class":147},[65,55785,157],{"class":79},[65,55787,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,55789,164],{"class":163},[65,55791,151],{"class":79},[65,55793,55761],{"class":147},[65,55795,157],{"class":79},[20,55797,350],{},[56,55799,55801],{"className":58,"code":55800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55802,55803,55819],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55804,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55806,3469],{"class":79},[65,55808,84],{"class":83},[65,55810,87],{"class":79},[65,55812,90],{"class":83},[65,55814,87],{"class":79},[65,55816,95],{"class":83},[65,55818,1352],{"class":79},[65,55820,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55822,3469],{"class":79},[65,55824,84],{"class":83},[65,55826,87],{"class":79},[65,55828,90],{"class":83},[65,55830,87],{"class":79},[65,55832,95],{"class":83},[65,55834,87],{"class":79},[65,55836,116],{"class":83},[65,55838,1352],{"class":79},[20,55840,55841,55842,144],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[210,55843,52357],{"href":50564},[51,55845,55847],{"id":55846},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55849,55850,12423,55852,144],{},[15,55851,55187],{},[43,55853,12426],{},[20,55855,1675],{},[33,55857,55858,55861],{},[36,55859,55860],{},"The outer list is new",[36,55862,55863],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55865,55866],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[56,55868,55870],{"className":58,"code":55869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55871,55872,55899,55913,55917,55936,55940,55950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55873,55874,55876,55878,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55875,11661],{"class":71},[65,55877,76],{"class":75},[65,55879,55880],{"class":79}," [[",[65,55882,84],{"class":83},[65,55884,87],{"class":79},[65,55886,90],{"class":83},[65,55888,17637],{"class":79},[65,55890,1339],{"class":79},[65,55892,111],{"class":83},[65,55894,87],{"class":79},[65,55896,116],{"class":83},[65,55898,52828],{"class":79},[65,55900,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55902,13886],{"class":71},[65,55904,76],{"class":75},[65,55906,11736],{"class":71},[65,55908,144],{"class":79},[65,55910,12487],{"class":147},[65,55912,8220],{"class":79},[65,55914,55915],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,55916,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55918,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55934],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55920,13905],{"class":71},[65,55922,3469],{"class":79},[65,55924,1688],{"class":83},[65,55926,13124],{"class":79},[65,55928,13127],{"class":147},[65,55930,151],{"class":79},[65,55932,55933],{"class":83},"99",[65,55935,157],{"class":79},[65,55937,55938],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,55939,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,55941,55942,55944,55946,55948],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,55943,164],{"class":163},[65,55945,151],{"class":79},[65,55947,11708],{"class":147},[65,55949,157],{"class":79},[65,55951,55952,55954,55956,55958],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,55953,164],{"class":163},[65,55955,151],{"class":79},[65,55957,13905],{"class":147},[65,55959,157],{"class":79},[20,55961,350],{},[56,55963,55965],{"className":58,"code":55964,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55966,55967,55994],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55968,55969,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55970,55971],{"class":79},"[[",[65,55973,84],{"class":83},[65,55975,87],{"class":79},[65,55977,90],{"class":83},[65,55979,87],{"class":79},[65,55981,9774],{"class":83},[65,55983,17637],{"class":79},[65,55985,1339],{"class":79},[65,55987,111],{"class":83},[65,55989,87],{"class":79},[65,55991,116],{"class":83},[65,55993,52828],{"class":79},[65,55995,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,55997,55971],{"class":79},[65,55999,84],{"class":83},[65,56001,87],{"class":79},[65,56003,90],{"class":83},[65,56005,87],{"class":79},[65,56007,9774],{"class":83},[65,56009,17637],{"class":79},[65,56011,1339],{"class":79},[65,56013,111],{"class":83},[65,56015,87],{"class":79},[65,56017,116],{"class":83},[65,56019,52828],{"class":79},[20,56021,56022],{},"Why did both change?",[33,56024,56025,56032],{},[36,56026,56027,634,56029,56031],{},[15,56028,11708],{},[15,56030,13905],{}," are different outer lists",[36,56033,56034,56035,56038],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56036,56037],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56040,53239,56041,56043],{},[15,56042,12352],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,56045,56046,56049,56052],{},[36,56047,56048],{},"Numbers",[36,56050,56051],{},"Strings",[36,56053,40177],{},[20,56055,56056,56057,144],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[210,56058,13365],{"href":13364},[51,56060,16994],{"id":16993},[20,56062,56063,56065],{},[15,56064,55187],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56067,40488,56068,56070],{},[43,56069,45],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56072,56073],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56075,16231],{},[56,56077,56079],{"className":58,"code":56078,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56080,56081,56105,56119,56123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56082,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56084,12652],{"class":71},[65,56086,76],{"class":75},[65,56088,1339],{"class":79},[65,56090,488],{"class":487},[65,56092,492],{"class":491},[65,56094,488],{"class":487},[65,56096,87],{"class":79},[65,56098,499],{"class":487},[65,56100,502],{"class":491},[65,56102,488],{"class":487},[65,56104,1352],{"class":79},[65,56106,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56108,12693],{"class":71},[65,56110,76],{"class":75},[65,56112,12698],{"class":71},[65,56114,144],{"class":79},[65,56116,12487],{"class":147},[65,56118,8220],{"class":79},[65,56120,56121],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56122,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56124,56125,56127,56129,56131],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56126,164],{"class":163},[65,56128,151],{"class":79},[65,56130,12717],{"class":147},[65,56132,157],{"class":79},[20,56134,56135],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[56,56137,56139],{"className":58,"code":56138,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56140,56141,56165,56175,56179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56142,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56144,12652],{"class":71},[65,56146,76],{"class":75},[65,56148,1339],{"class":79},[65,56150,488],{"class":487},[65,56152,492],{"class":491},[65,56154,488],{"class":487},[65,56156,87],{"class":79},[65,56158,499],{"class":487},[65,56160,502],{"class":491},[65,56162,488],{"class":487},[65,56164,1352],{"class":79},[65,56166,56167,56169,56171,56173],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56168,17077],{"class":71},[65,56170,144],{"class":79},[65,56172,12487],{"class":147},[65,56174,8220],{"class":79},[65,56176,56177],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56178,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56182,164],{"class":163},[65,56184,151],{"class":79},[65,56186,17077],{"class":147},[65,56188,157],{"class":79},[20,56190,56191,56192,56194],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56193,12352],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[51,56196,4529,56198],{"id":56197},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56199,55187],{},[20,56201,1660,56202,10177],{},[15,56203,55187],{},[33,56205,56206,56209,56212,56215],{},[36,56207,56208],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,56210,56211],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,56213,56214],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,56216,56217,56218],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56219,56220],{},"[:]",[20,56222,267],{},[56,56224,56226],{"className":58,"code":56225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56227,56228,56248,56263,56267,56282,56286,56296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56229,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56231,4632],{"class":71},[65,56233,76],{"class":75},[65,56235,1339],{"class":79},[65,56237,1898],{"class":83},[65,56239,87],{"class":79},[65,56241,7364],{"class":83},[65,56243,87],{"class":79},[65,56245,7369],{"class":83},[65,56247,1352],{"class":79},[65,56249,56250,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56251,56252],{"class":71},"backup_scores ",[65,56254,76],{"class":75},[65,56256,4679],{"class":71},[65,56258,144],{"class":79},[65,56260,12487],{"class":147},[65,56262,8220],{"class":79},[65,56264,56265],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56266,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56268,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56280],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56270,15964],{"class":71},[65,56272,144],{"class":79},[65,56274,13127],{"class":147},[65,56276,151],{"class":79},[65,56278,56279],{"class":83},"40",[65,56281,157],{"class":79},[65,56283,56284],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,56285,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56287,56288,56290,56292,56294],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,56289,164],{"class":163},[65,56291,151],{"class":79},[65,56293,15964],{"class":147},[65,56295,157],{"class":79},[65,56297,56298,56300,56302,56305],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,56299,164],{"class":163},[65,56301,151],{"class":79},[65,56303,56304],{"class":147},"backup_scores",[65,56306,157],{"class":79},[20,56308,350],{},[56,56310,56312],{"className":58,"code":56311,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56313,56314,56334],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56315,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56317,3469],{"class":79},[65,56319,1898],{"class":83},[65,56321,87],{"class":79},[65,56323,7364],{"class":83},[65,56325,87],{"class":79},[65,56327,7369],{"class":83},[65,56329,87],{"class":79},[65,56331,50428],{"class":83},[65,56333,1352],{"class":79},[65,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56337,3469],{"class":79},[65,56339,1898],{"class":83},[65,56341,87],{"class":79},[65,56343,7364],{"class":83},[65,56345,87],{"class":79},[65,56347,7369],{"class":83},[65,56349,1352],{"class":79},[20,56351,56352,56353,144],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[210,56354,55106,56356,1474],{"href":56355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56357,52238],{},[51,56359,1109],{"id":1108},[20,56361,56362,56363,144],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56364,55187],{},[1286,56366,7994,56368,56370],{"id":56367},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56369,76],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56372,38780],{},[56,56374,56376],{"className":58,"code":56375,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56377,56378,56398,56406,56420,56424],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56379,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56381,72],{"class":71},[65,56383,76],{"class":75},[65,56385,1339],{"class":79},[65,56387,84],{"class":83},[65,56389,87],{"class":79},[65,56391,90],{"class":83},[65,56393,87],{"class":79},[65,56395,95],{"class":83},[65,56397,1352],{"class":79},[65,56399,56400,56402,56404],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56401,104],{"class":71},[65,56403,76],{"class":75},[65,56405,35755],{"class":71},[65,56407,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56409,154],{"class":71},[65,56411,144],{"class":79},[65,56413,13127],{"class":147},[65,56415,151],{"class":79},[65,56417,2072],{"class":83},[65,56419,157],{"class":79},[65,56421,56422],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56423,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56425,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,56427,164],{"class":163},[65,56429,151],{"class":79},[65,56431,210],{"class":147},[65,56433,172],{"class":79},[65,56435,55287],{"class":175},[20,56437,56438,56439,6202],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56440,12352],{},[56,56442,56444],{"className":58,"code":56443,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56445,56446,56466,56480,56494,56498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56447,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56449,72],{"class":71},[65,56451,76],{"class":75},[65,56453,1339],{"class":79},[65,56455,84],{"class":83},[65,56457,87],{"class":79},[65,56459,90],{"class":83},[65,56461,87],{"class":79},[65,56463,95],{"class":83},[65,56465,1352],{"class":79},[65,56467,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56469,104],{"class":71},[65,56471,76],{"class":75},[65,56473,141],{"class":71},[65,56475,144],{"class":79},[65,56477,12487],{"class":147},[65,56479,8220],{"class":79},[65,56481,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56483,154],{"class":71},[65,56485,144],{"class":79},[65,56487,13127],{"class":147},[65,56489,151],{"class":79},[65,56491,2072],{"class":83},[65,56493,157],{"class":79},[65,56495,56496],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56497,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56499,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,56501,164],{"class":163},[65,56503,151],{"class":79},[65,56505,210],{"class":147},[65,56507,172],{"class":79},[65,56509,54518],{"class":175},[1286,56511,56513],{"id":56512},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[56,56515,56517],{"className":58,"code":56516,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56518,56519,56539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56522,3185],{"class":71},[65,56524,76],{"class":75},[65,56526,1339],{"class":79},[65,56528,84],{"class":83},[65,56530,87],{"class":79},[65,56532,90],{"class":83},[65,56534,87],{"class":79},[65,56536,95],{"class":83},[65,56538,1352],{"class":79},[65,56540,56541,56543,56545,56547],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56542,3215],{"class":71},[65,56544,144],{"class":79},[65,56546,12487],{"class":147},[65,56548,8220],{"class":79},[20,56550,56551],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56553,38843],{},[56,56555,56557],{"className":58,"code":56556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56558,56559,56579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56560,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56562,3185],{"class":71},[65,56564,76],{"class":75},[65,56566,1339],{"class":79},[65,56568,84],{"class":83},[65,56570,87],{"class":79},[65,56572,90],{"class":83},[65,56574,87],{"class":79},[65,56576,95],{"class":83},[65,56578,1352],{"class":79},[65,56580,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56582,55742],{"class":71},[65,56584,76],{"class":75},[65,56586,3833],{"class":71},[65,56588,144],{"class":79},[65,56590,12487],{"class":147},[65,56592,8220],{"class":79},[1286,56594,56596],{"id":56595},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[56,56598,56600],{"className":58,"code":56599,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56601,56602,56620,56634,56638,56656,56660],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56603,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56605,72],{"class":71},[65,56607,76],{"class":75},[65,56609,55880],{"class":79},[65,56611,84],{"class":83},[65,56613,17637],{"class":79},[65,56615,1339],{"class":79},[65,56617,1624],{"class":83},[65,56619,52828],{"class":79},[65,56621,56622,56624,56626,56628,56630,56632],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56623,104],{"class":71},[65,56625,76],{"class":75},[65,56627,141],{"class":71},[65,56629,144],{"class":79},[65,56631,12487],{"class":147},[65,56633,8220],{"class":79},[65,56635,56636],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56637,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56639,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652,56654],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56641,154],{"class":71},[65,56643,3469],{"class":79},[65,56645,1688],{"class":83},[65,56647,13124],{"class":79},[65,56649,13127],{"class":147},[65,56651,151],{"class":79},[65,56653,55933],{"class":83},[65,56655,157],{"class":79},[65,56657,56658],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,56659,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,56661,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,56663,164],{"class":163},[65,56665,151],{"class":79},[65,56667,210],{"class":147},[65,56669,172],{"class":79},[65,56671,56672],{"class":175},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56674,56675,56676,56678],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56677,55187],{}," is shallow.",[1286,56680,25192,56682,56684],{"id":56681},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56683,12352],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56686,56687,56689],{},[15,56688,12352],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[56,56691,56693],{"className":58,"code":56692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56694,56695,56707],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56696,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56698,7451],{"class":71},[65,56700,76],{"class":75},[65,56702,499],{"class":487},[65,56704,4572],{"class":491},[65,56706,2925],{"class":487},[65,56708,56709],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56710,56711],{"class":175},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56713,56714],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[56,56716,56718],{"className":58,"code":56717,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56719,56720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56721,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56723,164],{"class":163},[65,56725,151],{"class":79},[65,56727,1260],{"class":1259},[65,56729,151],{"class":79},[65,56731,7241],{"class":147},[65,56733,1028],{"class":79},[20,56735,56736,56737,56741],{},"You can also review ",[210,56738,56740],{"href":56739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[51,56743,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,56745,1289,56747,56749],{"id":56746},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56748,55187],{}," change the original list?",[20,56751,56752],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1286,56754,1299,56756,634,56758,1304],{"id":56755},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56757,55187],{},[15,56759,76],{},[20,56761,56762,56764,56765,56767],{},[15,56763,12352],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56766,76],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1286,56769,14478,56771,14481],{"id":56770},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56772,55187],{},[20,56774,56775],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1286,56777,56779],{"id":56778},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56781,41735,56782,56785],{},[15,56783,56784],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1286,56787,14478,56789,56791,56792,1304],{"id":56788},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56790,55187],{}," the same as ",[15,56793,56220],{},[20,56795,56796],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[51,56798,1455],{"id":1454},[33,56800,56801,56806,56810,56815,56821],{},[36,56802,56803],{},[210,56804,14540],{"href":56805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,56807,56808],{},[210,56809,52357],{"href":50564},[36,56811,56812],{},[210,56813,56814],{"href":56739},"Creating a list in Python",[36,56816,56817],{},[210,56818,55106,56819,1474],{"href":56355},[15,56820,52238],{},[36,56822,56823],{},[210,56824,13365],{"href":13364},[1499,56826,1501],{},{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":56828},[56829,56830,56832,56833,56835,56836,56837,56839,56847,56858],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":55297,"depth":101,"text":56831},"What list.copy() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":55568,"depth":101,"text":56834},"Why not use =",{"id":55846,"depth":101,"text":55847},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":56197,"depth":101,"text":56838},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":56840},[56841,56843,56844,56845],{"id":56367,"depth":126,"text":56842},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56512,"depth":126,"text":56513},{"id":56595,"depth":126,"text":56596},{"id":56681,"depth":126,"text":56846},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":56848},[56849,56851,56853,56855,56856],{"id":56746,"depth":126,"text":56850},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56755,"depth":126,"text":56852},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56770,"depth":126,"text":56854},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56778,"depth":126,"text":56779},{"id":56788,"depth":126,"text":56857},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55175,"description":56859},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56866,"title":56867,"body":56868,"description":58609,"extension":1528,"meta":58610,"navigation":129,"path":58611,"seo":58612,"stem":58613,"__hash__":58614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56869,"toc":58568},[56870,56876,56882,56885,56896,56899,56901,56964,56970,56975,56979,56993,56996,57001,57006,57008,57010,57029,57041,57043,57110,57112,57120,57125,57127,57135,57138,57155,57157,57281,57292,57296,57301,57304,57306,57324,57328,57414,57423,57431,57500,57502,57505,57517,57522,57526,57597,57600,57604,57608,57673,57675,57683,57687,57770,57772,57780,57784,57845,57847,57855,57859,57946,57948,57956,57961,57966,57969,57980,57982,58067,58072,58081,58083,58087,58091,58096,58158,58162,58170,58176,58185,58190,58239,58242,58263,58267,58329,58336,58341,58344,58431,58434,58445,58447,58467,58469,58475,58478,58482,58486,58492,58495,58501,58508,58516,58527,58529,58565],[10,56871,53928,56873,18],{"id":56872},"python-list-count-method",[15,56874,56875],{},"count()",[20,56877,56878,56881],{},[15,56879,56880],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56883,56884],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,56886,56887,56890,56893],{},[36,56888,56889],{},"count one specific item",[36,56891,56892],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,56894,56895],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56897,56898],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[51,56900,54],{"id":53},[56,56902,56904],{"className":58,"code":56903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56905,56906,56934,56952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56907,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56909,3185],{"class":71},[65,56911,76],{"class":75},[65,56913,1339],{"class":79},[65,56915,84],{"class":83},[65,56917,87],{"class":79},[65,56919,90],{"class":83},[65,56921,87],{"class":79},[65,56923,90],{"class":83},[65,56925,87],{"class":79},[65,56927,95],{"class":83},[65,56929,87],{"class":79},[65,56931,90],{"class":83},[65,56933,1352],{"class":79},[65,56935,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,56937,136],{"class":71},[65,56939,76],{"class":75},[65,56941,3833],{"class":71},[65,56943,144],{"class":79},[65,56945,40842],{"class":147},[65,56947,151],{"class":79},[65,56949,1624],{"class":83},[65,56951,157],{"class":79},[65,56953,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,56955,164],{"class":163},[65,56957,151],{"class":79},[65,56959,169],{"class":147},[65,56961,172],{"class":79},[65,56963,50355],{"class":175},[20,56965,1660,56966,56969],{},[15,56967,56968],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[51,56971,183,56973,186],{"id":56972},"what-listcount-does",[15,56974,56880],{},[20,56976,56977,191],{},[15,56978,56880],{},[33,56980,56981,56984,56987,56990],{},[36,56982,56983],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,56985,56986],{},"returns an integer",[36,56988,56989],{},"does not change the original list",[36,56991,56992],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56994,56995],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56997,56998,56999,144],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57000,111],{},[20,57002,57003,57004,144],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57005,1688],{},[51,57007,222],{"id":221},[20,57009,1728],{},[56,57011,57013],{"className":58,"code":57012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57014,57015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57016,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57018,7915],{"class":71},[65,57020,144],{"class":79},[65,57022,40842],{"class":147},[65,57024,151],{"class":79},[65,57026,2040],{"class":147},[65,57028,157],{"class":79},[33,57030,57031,57036],{},[36,57032,57033,57035],{},[15,57034,7915],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,57037,57038,57040],{},[15,57039,2040],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57042,267],{},[56,57044,57046],{"className":58,"code":57045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57047,57048,57088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57049,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57051,35670],{"class":71},[65,57053,76],{"class":75},[65,57055,1339],{"class":79},[65,57057,488],{"class":487},[65,57059,210],{"class":491},[65,57061,488],{"class":487},[65,57063,87],{"class":79},[65,57065,499],{"class":487},[65,57067,154],{"class":491},[65,57069,488],{"class":487},[65,57071,87],{"class":79},[65,57073,499],{"class":487},[65,57075,210],{"class":491},[65,57077,488],{"class":487},[65,57079,87],{"class":79},[65,57081,499],{"class":487},[65,57083,9317],{"class":491},[65,57085,488],{"class":487},[65,57087,1352],{"class":79},[65,57089,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57091,164],{"class":163},[65,57093,151],{"class":79},[65,57095,35723],{"class":147},[65,57097,144],{"class":79},[65,57099,40842],{"class":147},[65,57101,151],{"class":79},[65,57103,488],{"class":487},[65,57105,210],{"class":491},[65,57107,488],{"class":487},[65,57109,1028],{"class":79},[20,57111,350],{},[56,57113,57114],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57115,57116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57117,57118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57119,16632],{"class":83},[20,57121,57122,57123,144],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57124,1688],{},[51,57126,37601],{"id":37600},[20,57128,57129,57130,57132,57133,144],{},"The return value from ",[15,57131,56875],{}," is always an ",[15,57134,1757],{},[20,57136,57137],{},"Possible results:",[33,57139,57140,57145,57150],{},[36,57141,57142,57144],{},[15,57143,1688],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,57146,57147,57149],{},[15,57148,84],{}," if it appears once",[36,57151,57152,57154],{},[15,57153,1624],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57156,267],{},[56,57158,57160],{"className":58,"code":57159,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57161,57162,57202,57206,57231,57256],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57163,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57165,12652],{"class":71},[65,57167,76],{"class":75},[65,57169,1339],{"class":79},[65,57171,488],{"class":487},[65,57173,492],{"class":491},[65,57175,488],{"class":487},[65,57177,87],{"class":79},[65,57179,499],{"class":487},[65,57181,502],{"class":491},[65,57183,488],{"class":487},[65,57185,87],{"class":79},[65,57187,499],{"class":487},[65,57189,511],{"class":491},[65,57191,488],{"class":487},[65,57193,87],{"class":79},[65,57195,499],{"class":487},[65,57197,502],{"class":491},[65,57199,488],{"class":487},[65,57201,1352],{"class":79},[65,57203,57204],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57205,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,57207,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57209,164],{"class":163},[65,57211,151],{"class":79},[65,57213,17077],{"class":147},[65,57215,144],{"class":79},[65,57217,40842],{"class":147},[65,57219,151],{"class":79},[65,57221,488],{"class":487},[65,57223,502],{"class":491},[65,57225,488],{"class":487},[65,57227,758],{"class":79},[65,57229,57230],{"class":175},"   # 2\n",[65,57232,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57234,164],{"class":163},[65,57236,151],{"class":79},[65,57238,17077],{"class":147},[65,57240,144],{"class":79},[65,57242,40842],{"class":147},[65,57244,151],{"class":79},[65,57246,488],{"class":487},[65,57248,492],{"class":491},[65,57250,488],{"class":487},[65,57252,758],{"class":79},[65,57254,57255],{"class":175},"    # 1\n",[65,57257,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,57259,164],{"class":163},[65,57261,151],{"class":79},[65,57263,17077],{"class":147},[65,57265,144],{"class":79},[65,57267,40842],{"class":147},[65,57269,151],{"class":79},[65,57271,488],{"class":487},[65,57273,537],{"class":491},[65,57275,488],{"class":487},[65,57277,758],{"class":79},[65,57279,57280],{"class":175}," # 0\n",[20,57282,57283,57284,57286,57287,57289,57290,144],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57285,56875],{}," works, but using ",[15,57288,3451],{}," is often simpler. See ",[210,57291,5768],{"href":5767},[51,57293,57295],{"id":57294},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57297,57298,57300],{},[15,57299,56880],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57302,57303],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57305,43234],{},[33,57307,57308,57311,57314,57321],{},[36,57309,57310],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,57312,57313],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,57315,57316,634,57318,57320],{},[15,57317,84],{},[15,57319,3172],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,57322,57323],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1286,57325,57327],{"id":57326},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[56,57329,57331],{"className":58,"code":57330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57332,57333,57366,57390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57334,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57336,3639],{"class":71},[65,57338,76],{"class":75},[65,57340,1339],{"class":79},[65,57342,488],{"class":487},[65,57344,3648],{"class":491},[65,57346,488],{"class":487},[65,57348,87],{"class":79},[65,57350,499],{"class":487},[65,57352,57353],{"class":491},"Apple",[65,57355,488],{"class":487},[65,57357,87],{"class":79},[65,57359,499],{"class":487},[65,57361,3648],{"class":491},[65,57363,488],{"class":487},[65,57365,1352],{"class":79},[65,57367,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57369,164],{"class":163},[65,57371,151],{"class":79},[65,57373,3683],{"class":147},[65,57375,144],{"class":79},[65,57377,40842],{"class":147},[65,57379,151],{"class":79},[65,57381,488],{"class":487},[65,57383,3648],{"class":491},[65,57385,488],{"class":487},[65,57387,758],{"class":79},[65,57389,51000],{"class":175},[65,57391,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57393,164],{"class":163},[65,57395,151],{"class":79},[65,57397,3683],{"class":147},[65,57399,144],{"class":79},[65,57401,40842],{"class":147},[65,57403,151],{"class":79},[65,57405,488],{"class":487},[65,57407,57353],{"class":491},[65,57409,488],{"class":487},[65,57411,758],{"class":79},[65,57413,27355],{"class":175},[20,57415,57416,634,57419,57422],{},[15,57417,57418],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57420,57421],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1286,57424,57426,634,57428,57430],{"id":57425},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57427,84],{},[15,57429,3172],{}," can match",[56,57432,57434],{"className":58,"code":57433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57435,57436,57460,57480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57437,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57439,3389],{"class":71},[65,57441,76],{"class":75},[65,57443,1339],{"class":79},[65,57445,84],{"class":83},[65,57447,87],{"class":79},[65,57449,3485],{"class":3419},[65,57451,87],{"class":79},[65,57453,90],{"class":83},[65,57455,87],{"class":79},[65,57457,5066],{"class":83},[65,57459,1352],{"class":79},[65,57461,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57463,164],{"class":163},[65,57465,151],{"class":79},[65,57467,4928],{"class":147},[65,57469,144],{"class":79},[65,57471,40842],{"class":147},[65,57473,151],{"class":79},[65,57475,84],{"class":83},[65,57477,758],{"class":79},[65,57479,50503],{"class":175},[65,57481,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57483,164],{"class":163},[65,57485,151],{"class":79},[65,57487,4928],{"class":147},[65,57489,144],{"class":79},[65,57491,40842],{"class":147},[65,57493,151],{"class":79},[65,57495,3172],{"class":3419},[65,57497,758],{"class":79},[65,57499,50355],{"class":175},[20,57501,3980],{},[20,57503,57504],{},"In Python:",[33,57506,57507,57512],{},[36,57508,57509],{},[15,57510,57511],{},"True == 1",[36,57513,57514],{},[15,57515,57516],{},"False == 0",[20,57518,53239,57519,57521],{},[15,57520,56875],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1286,57523,57525],{"id":57524},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[56,57527,57529],{"className":58,"code":57528,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57530,57531,57573],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57532,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57534,7353],{"class":71},[65,57536,76],{"class":75},[65,57538,55880],{"class":79},[65,57540,84],{"class":83},[65,57542,87],{"class":79},[65,57544,90],{"class":83},[65,57546,17637],{"class":79},[65,57548,1339],{"class":79},[65,57550,111],{"class":83},[65,57552,87],{"class":79},[65,57554,116],{"class":83},[65,57556,17637],{"class":79},[65,57558,1339],{"class":79},[65,57560,84],{"class":83},[65,57562,87],{"class":79},[65,57564,90],{"class":83},[65,57566,17637],{"class":79},[65,57568,1339],{"class":79},[65,57570,84],{"class":83},[65,57572,52828],{"class":79},[65,57574,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57576,164],{"class":163},[65,57578,151],{"class":79},[65,57580,7384],{"class":147},[65,57582,144],{"class":79},[65,57584,40842],{"class":147},[65,57586,2552],{"class":79},[65,57588,84],{"class":83},[65,57590,87],{"class":79},[65,57592,90],{"class":83},[65,57594,4303],{"class":79},[65,57596,51000],{"class":175},[20,57598,57599],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[51,57601,57603],{"id":57602},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1286,57605,57607],{"id":57606},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[56,57609,57611],{"className":58,"code":57610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57612,57613,57641,57659,57663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57614,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57616,3185],{"class":71},[65,57618,76],{"class":75},[65,57620,1339],{"class":79},[65,57622,1898],{"class":83},[65,57624,87],{"class":79},[65,57626,7364],{"class":83},[65,57628,87],{"class":79},[65,57630,5574],{"class":83},[65,57632,87],{"class":79},[65,57634,7369],{"class":83},[65,57636,87],{"class":79},[65,57638,5574],{"class":83},[65,57640,1352],{"class":79},[65,57642,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57644,136],{"class":71},[65,57646,76],{"class":75},[65,57648,3833],{"class":71},[65,57650,144],{"class":79},[65,57652,40842],{"class":147},[65,57654,151],{"class":79},[65,57656,1898],{"class":83},[65,57658,157],{"class":79},[65,57660,57661],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57662,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,57664,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57666,164],{"class":163},[65,57668,151],{"class":79},[65,57670,169],{"class":147},[65,57672,157],{"class":79},[20,57674,350],{},[56,57676,57677],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57678,57679],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57680,57681],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57682,46201],{"class":83},[1286,57684,57686],{"id":57685},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[56,57688,57690],{"className":58,"code":57689,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57691,57692,57734,57756,57760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57693,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57730,57732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57695,3639],{"class":71},[65,57697,76],{"class":75},[65,57699,1339],{"class":79},[65,57701,488],{"class":487},[65,57703,36627],{"class":491},[65,57705,488],{"class":487},[65,57707,87],{"class":79},[65,57709,499],{"class":487},[65,57711,57712],{"class":491},"dog",[65,57714,488],{"class":487},[65,57716,87],{"class":79},[65,57718,499],{"class":487},[65,57720,36627],{"class":491},[65,57722,488],{"class":487},[65,57724,87],{"class":79},[65,57726,499],{"class":487},[65,57728,57729],{"class":491},"bird",[65,57731,488],{"class":487},[65,57733,1352],{"class":79},[65,57735,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57737,136],{"class":71},[65,57739,76],{"class":75},[65,57741,5738],{"class":71},[65,57743,144],{"class":79},[65,57745,40842],{"class":147},[65,57747,151],{"class":79},[65,57749,488],{"class":487},[65,57751,36627],{"class":491},[65,57753,488],{"class":487},[65,57755,157],{"class":79},[65,57757,57758],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57759,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,57761,57762,57764,57766,57768],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57763,164],{"class":163},[65,57765,151],{"class":79},[65,57767,169],{"class":147},[65,57769,157],{"class":79},[20,57771,350],{},[56,57773,57774],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57775,57776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57777,57778],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57779,16632],{"class":83},[1286,57781,57783],{"id":57782},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[56,57785,57787],{"className":58,"code":57786,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57788,57789,57813,57831,57835],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57790,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57792,3185],{"class":71},[65,57794,76],{"class":75},[65,57796,1339],{"class":79},[65,57798,84],{"class":83},[65,57800,87],{"class":79},[65,57802,90],{"class":83},[65,57804,87],{"class":79},[65,57806,95],{"class":83},[65,57808,87],{"class":79},[65,57810,116],{"class":83},[65,57812,1352],{"class":79},[65,57814,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57816,136],{"class":71},[65,57818,76],{"class":75},[65,57820,3833],{"class":71},[65,57822,144],{"class":79},[65,57824,40842],{"class":147},[65,57826,151],{"class":79},[65,57828,1705],{"class":83},[65,57830,157],{"class":79},[65,57832,57833],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57834,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,57836,57837,57839,57841,57843],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57838,164],{"class":163},[65,57840,151],{"class":79},[65,57842,169],{"class":147},[65,57844,157],{"class":79},[20,57846,350],{},[56,57848,57849],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57850,57851],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57852,57853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57854,46836],{"class":83},[1286,57856,57858],{"id":57857},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[56,57860,57862],{"className":58,"code":57861,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57863,57864,57910,57932,57936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57865,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57867,8744],{"class":71},[65,57869,76],{"class":75},[65,57871,55880],{"class":79},[65,57873,84],{"class":83},[65,57875,87],{"class":79},[65,57877,90],{"class":83},[65,57879,17637],{"class":79},[65,57881,1339],{"class":79},[65,57883,84],{"class":83},[65,57885,87],{"class":79},[65,57887,90],{"class":83},[65,57889,17637],{"class":79},[65,57891,1339],{"class":79},[65,57893,1624],{"class":83},[65,57895,87],{"class":79},[65,57897,95],{"class":83},[65,57899,17637],{"class":79},[65,57901,1339],{"class":79},[65,57903,84],{"class":83},[65,57905,87],{"class":79},[65,57907,90],{"class":83},[65,57909,52828],{"class":79},[65,57911,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,57913,136],{"class":71},[65,57915,76],{"class":75},[65,57917,14141],{"class":71},[65,57919,144],{"class":79},[65,57921,40842],{"class":147},[65,57923,2552],{"class":79},[65,57925,84],{"class":83},[65,57927,87],{"class":79},[65,57929,90],{"class":83},[65,57931,3457],{"class":79},[65,57933,57934],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,57935,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,57937,57938,57940,57942,57944],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57939,164],{"class":163},[65,57941,151],{"class":79},[65,57943,169],{"class":147},[65,57945,157],{"class":79},[20,57947,350],{},[56,57949,57950],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57951,57952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57953,57954],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57955,46201],{"class":83},[51,57957,4529,57959],{"id":57958},"when-to-use-count",[15,57960,56875],{},[20,57962,1660,57963,57965],{},[15,57964,56875],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57967,57968],{},"Good use cases:",[33,57970,57971,57974,57977],{},[36,57972,57973],{},"counting one specific item",[36,57975,57976],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,57978,57979],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57981,267],{},[56,57983,57985],{"className":58,"code":57984,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57986,57987,58028,58052,58056],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57988,57989,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57990,57991],{"class":71},"votes ",[65,57993,76],{"class":75},[65,57995,1339],{"class":79},[65,57997,488],{"class":487},[65,57999,8235],{"class":491},[65,58001,488],{"class":487},[65,58003,87],{"class":79},[65,58005,499],{"class":487},[65,58007,8175],{"class":491},[65,58009,488],{"class":487},[65,58011,87],{"class":79},[65,58013,499],{"class":487},[65,58015,8235],{"class":491},[65,58017,488],{"class":487},[65,58019,87],{"class":79},[65,58021,499],{"class":487},[65,58023,8235],{"class":491},[65,58025,488],{"class":487},[65,58027,1352],{"class":79},[65,58029,58030,58033,58035,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58031,58032],{"class":71},"yes_votes ",[65,58034,76],{"class":75},[65,58036,58037],{"class":71}," votes",[65,58039,144],{"class":79},[65,58041,40842],{"class":147},[65,58043,151],{"class":79},[65,58045,488],{"class":487},[65,58047,8235],{"class":491},[65,58049,488],{"class":487},[65,58051,157],{"class":79},[65,58053,58054],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,58055,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,58057,58058,58060,58062,58065],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58059,164],{"class":163},[65,58061,151],{"class":79},[65,58063,58064],{"class":147},"yes_votes",[65,58066,157],{"class":79},[20,58068,58069,58071],{},[15,58070,56875],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58073,58074,58075,634,58077,144],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[210,58076,52357],{"href":50564},[210,58078,58080],{"href":58079},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[51,58082,2396],{"id":2395},[20,58084,8024,58085,144],{},[15,58086,56880],{},[1286,58088,58090],{"id":58089},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58092,58093,58095],{},[15,58094,56880],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[56,58097,58099],{"className":58,"code":58098,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58100,58101,58134],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58102,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58104,3639],{"class":71},[65,58106,76],{"class":75},[65,58108,1339],{"class":79},[65,58110,488],{"class":487},[65,58112,58113],{"class":491},"apple pie",[65,58115,488],{"class":487},[65,58117,87],{"class":79},[65,58119,499],{"class":487},[65,58121,3657],{"class":491},[65,58123,488],{"class":487},[65,58125,87],{"class":79},[65,58127,499],{"class":487},[65,58129,58113],{"class":491},[65,58131,488],{"class":487},[65,58133,1352],{"class":79},[65,58135,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58137,164],{"class":163},[65,58139,151],{"class":79},[65,58141,3683],{"class":147},[65,58143,144],{"class":79},[65,58145,40842],{"class":147},[65,58147,151],{"class":79},[65,58149,488],{"class":487},[65,58151,3648],{"class":491},[65,58153,488],{"class":487},[65,58155,758],{"class":79},[65,58157,50832],{"class":175},[20,58159,2056,58160,1304],{},[15,58161,1688],{},[20,58163,28636,58164,58166,58167,144],{},[15,58165,57418],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58168,58169],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58171,58172,58173,144],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58174,58175],{},"str.count()",[1286,58177,8030,58179,8033,58181,214,58183],{"id":58178},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58180,56875],{},[15,58182,3172],{},[15,58184,3240],{},[20,58186,58187,58189],{},[15,58188,56875],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[56,58191,58193],{"className":58,"code":58192,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58194,58195,58219],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58196,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58198,3185],{"class":71},[65,58200,76],{"class":75},[65,58202,1339],{"class":79},[65,58204,84],{"class":83},[65,58206,87],{"class":79},[65,58208,90],{"class":83},[65,58210,87],{"class":79},[65,58212,90],{"class":83},[65,58214,87],{"class":79},[65,58216,95],{"class":83},[65,58218,1352],{"class":79},[65,58220,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58222,164],{"class":163},[65,58224,151],{"class":79},[65,58226,3215],{"class":147},[65,58228,144],{"class":79},[65,58230,40842],{"class":147},[65,58232,151],{"class":79},[65,58234,1624],{"class":83},[65,58236,758],{"class":79},[65,58238,51000],{"class":175},[20,58240,58241],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[56,58243,58245],{"className":58,"code":58244,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58246,58247],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58248,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58250,164],{"class":163},[65,58252,151],{"class":79},[65,58254,1624],{"class":83},[65,58256,20749],{"class":3444},[65,58258,3833],{"class":147},[65,58260,172],{"class":79},[65,58262,3230],{"class":175},[1286,58264,58266],{"id":58265},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[56,58268,58270],{"className":58,"code":58269,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58271,58272,58305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58301,58303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58275,4563],{"class":71},[65,58277,76],{"class":75},[65,58279,1339],{"class":79},[65,58281,488],{"class":487},[65,58283,7250],{"class":491},[65,58285,488],{"class":487},[65,58287,87],{"class":79},[65,58289,499],{"class":487},[65,58291,19793],{"class":491},[65,58293,488],{"class":487},[65,58295,87],{"class":79},[65,58297,499],{"class":487},[65,58299,58300],{"class":491},"SAM",[65,58302,488],{"class":487},[65,58304,1352],{"class":79},[65,58306,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58308,164],{"class":163},[65,58310,151],{"class":79},[65,58312,4607],{"class":147},[65,58314,144],{"class":79},[65,58316,40842],{"class":147},[65,58318,151],{"class":79},[65,58320,488],{"class":487},[65,58322,19793],{"class":491},[65,58324,488],{"class":487},[65,58326,758],{"class":79},[65,58328,27355],{"class":175},[20,58330,58331,58332,58335],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58333,58334],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1286,58337,29225,58339,33125],{"id":58338},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58340,56875],{},[20,58342,58343],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[56,58345,58347],{"className":58,"code":58346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58348,58349,58359,58373,58391,58405,58417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58350,58351,58353,58355,58357],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58352,164],{"class":163},[65,58354,151],{"class":79},[65,58356,7915],{"class":147},[65,58358,157],{"class":79},[65,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58362,164],{"class":163},[65,58364,151],{"class":79},[65,58366,1260],{"class":1259},[65,58368,151],{"class":79},[65,58370,7915],{"class":147},[65,58372,1028],{"class":79},[65,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,58376,164],{"class":163},[65,58378,151],{"class":79},[65,58380,7915],{"class":147},[65,58382,144],{"class":79},[65,58384,40842],{"class":147},[65,58386,151],{"class":79},[65,58388,2040],{"class":147},[65,58390,1028],{"class":79},[65,58392,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58394,164],{"class":163},[65,58396,151],{"class":79},[65,58398,2015],{"class":147},[65,58400,3451],{"class":3444},[65,58402,7972],{"class":147},[65,58404,157],{"class":79},[65,58406,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,58408,5527],{"class":3444},[65,58410,5530],{"class":71},[65,58412,3451],{"class":3444},[65,58414,7972],{"class":71},[65,58416,5963],{"class":79},[65,58418,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,58420,7644],{"class":163},[65,58422,151],{"class":79},[65,58424,41362],{"class":163},[65,58426,151],{"class":79},[65,58428,22885],{"class":147},[65,58430,1028],{"class":79},[20,58432,58433],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,58435,58436,58439,58442],{},[36,58437,58438],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,58440,58441],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,58443,58444],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58446,1161],{},[33,58448,58449,58454,58457,58464],{},[36,58450,1166,58451,58453],{},[15,58452,56875],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,58455,58456],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,58458,10682,58459,58461,58462],{},[15,58460,56880],{}," with string ",[15,58463,56875],{},[36,58465,58466],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[51,58468,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,58470,1289,58472,58474],{"id":58471},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58473,56880],{}," change the list?",[20,58476,58477],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1286,58479,58481],{"id":58480},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58483,11486,58484,144],{},[15,58485,1688],{},[1286,58487,4739,58489,58491],{"id":58488},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58490,56880],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58493,58494],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1286,58496,14478,58498,58500],{"id":58497},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58499,56880],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58502,41735,58503,634,58505,58507],{},[15,58504,57421],{},[15,58506,57418],{}," are different values.",[1286,58509,4727,58511,58513,58514,1304],{"id":58510},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58512,3172],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58515,84],{},[20,58517,8363,58518,58520,58521,634,58523,58520,58525,144],{},[15,58519,3172],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58522,84],{},[15,58524,3240],{},[15,58526,1688],{},[51,58528,1455],{"id":1454},[33,58530,58531,58535,58541,58545,58553,58560],{},[36,58532,58533],{},[210,58534,52357],{"href":50564},[36,58536,58537],{},[210,58538,58540],{"href":58539},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,58542,58543],{},[210,58544,6507],{"href":5767},[36,58546,58547],{},[210,58548,55106,58550,1474],{"href":58549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58551,58552],{},"index()",[36,58554,58555],{},[210,58556,3143,58558],{"href":58557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58559,41944],{},[36,58561,58562],{},[210,58563,58564],{"href":58079},"What is a list in Python",[1499,58566,58567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":58569},[58570,58571,58573,58574,58575,58581,58587,58589,58597,58608],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":56972,"depth":101,"text":58572},"What list.count() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601},{"id":57294,"depth":101,"text":57295,"children":58576},[58577,58578,58580],{"id":57326,"depth":126,"text":57327},{"id":57425,"depth":126,"text":58579},"1 and True can match",{"id":57524,"depth":126,"text":57525},{"id":57602,"depth":101,"text":57603,"children":58582},[58583,58584,58585,58586],{"id":57606,"depth":126,"text":57607},{"id":57685,"depth":126,"text":57686},{"id":57782,"depth":126,"text":57783},{"id":57857,"depth":126,"text":57858},{"id":57958,"depth":101,"text":58588},"When to use count()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":58590},[58591,58592,58594,58595],{"id":58089,"depth":126,"text":58090},{"id":58178,"depth":126,"text":58593},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58265,"depth":126,"text":58266},{"id":58338,"depth":126,"text":58596},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":58598},[58599,58601,58602,58604,58606],{"id":58471,"depth":126,"text":58600},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58480,"depth":126,"text":58481},{"id":58488,"depth":126,"text":58603},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58497,"depth":126,"text":58605},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58510,"depth":126,"text":58607},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56867,"description":58609},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58616,"title":58617,"body":58618,"description":60581,"extension":1528,"meta":60582,"navigation":129,"path":60583,"seo":60584,"stem":60585,"__hash__":60586},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58619,"toc":60544},[58620,58623,58626,58628,58756,58760,58841,58852,58854,58873,58877,58880,58883,58901,58903,58946,58950,58975,58984,58988,58993,58996,59113,59117,59186,59190,59202,59206,59209,59250,59254,59267,59270,59355,59359,59392,59399,59405,59410,59412,59424,59428,59461,59465,59497,59501,59538,59542,59562,59566,59600,59604,59633,59644,59648,59651,59654,59667,59724,59728,59767,59773,59776,59778,59781,59785,59788,59813,59815,59840,59847,59850,59895,59899,59918,59921,59960,59967,59972,60006,60010,60111,60118,60151,60155,60181,60185,60188,60226,60229,60266,60270,60273,60292,60296,60357,60359,60377,60381,60384,60387,60416,60418,60422,60425,60433,60437,60440,60460,60466,60472,60476,60479,60486,60494,60496,60535,60541],[10,58621,58617],{"id":58622},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58624,58625],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[51,58627,54],{"id":53},[56,58629,58631],{"className":58,"code":58630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58632,58633,58653,58685,58693,58711,58715,58725,58735,58746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58634,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58636,3185],{"class":71},[65,58638,76],{"class":75},[65,58640,1339],{"class":79},[65,58642,84],{"class":83},[65,58644,87],{"class":79},[65,58646,90],{"class":83},[65,58648,87],{"class":79},[65,58650,95],{"class":83},[65,58652,1352],{"class":79},[65,58654,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58656,4563],{"class":71},[65,58658,76],{"class":75},[65,58660,1339],{"class":79},[65,58662,488],{"class":487},[65,58664,12456],{"class":491},[65,58666,488],{"class":487},[65,58668,87],{"class":79},[65,58670,499],{"class":487},[65,58672,35520],{"class":491},[65,58674,488],{"class":487},[65,58676,87],{"class":79},[65,58678,499],{"class":487},[65,58680,35529],{"class":491},[65,58682,488],{"class":487},[65,58684,1352],{"class":79},[65,58686,58687,58689,58691],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,58688,55517],{"class":71},[65,58690,76],{"class":75},[65,58692,7413],{"class":79},[65,58694,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58696,35670],{"class":71},[65,58698,76],{"class":75},[65,58700,22134],{"class":1259},[65,58702,151],{"class":79},[65,58704,488],{"class":487},[65,58706,41143],{"class":491},[65,58708,488],{"class":487},[65,58710,157],{"class":79},[65,58712,58713],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,58714,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,58716,58717,58719,58721,58723],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,58718,164],{"class":163},[65,58720,151],{"class":79},[65,58722,3215],{"class":147},[65,58724,157],{"class":79},[65,58726,58727,58729,58731,58733],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,58728,164],{"class":163},[65,58730,151],{"class":79},[65,58732,4607],{"class":147},[65,58734,157],{"class":79},[65,58736,58737,58739,58741,58744],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,58738,164],{"class":163},[65,58740,151],{"class":79},[65,58742,58743],{"class":147},"empty_list",[65,58745,157],{"class":79},[65,58747,58748,58750,58752,58754],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,58749,164],{"class":163},[65,58751,151],{"class":79},[65,58753,35723],{"class":147},[65,58755,157],{"class":79},[20,58757,58758],{},[43,58759,350],{},[56,58761,58763],{"className":58,"code":58762,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58764,58765,58781,58809,58813],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58766,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58768,3469],{"class":79},[65,58770,84],{"class":83},[65,58772,87],{"class":79},[65,58774,90],{"class":83},[65,58776,87],{"class":79},[65,58778,95],{"class":83},[65,58780,1352],{"class":79},[65,58782,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58784,3469],{"class":79},[65,58786,594],{"class":487},[65,58788,12456],{"class":491},[65,58790,594],{"class":487},[65,58792,87],{"class":79},[65,58794,603],{"class":487},[65,58796,35520],{"class":491},[65,58798,594],{"class":487},[65,58800,87],{"class":79},[65,58802,603],{"class":487},[65,58804,35529],{"class":491},[65,58806,594],{"class":487},[65,58808,1352],{"class":79},[65,58810,58811],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,58812,37878],{"class":79},[65,58814,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58816,3469],{"class":79},[65,58818,594],{"class":487},[65,58820,210],{"class":491},[65,58822,594],{"class":487},[65,58824,87],{"class":79},[65,58826,603],{"class":487},[65,58828,154],{"class":491},[65,58830,594],{"class":487},[65,58832,87],{"class":79},[65,58834,603],{"class":487},[65,58836,9317],{"class":491},[65,58838,594],{"class":487},[65,58840,1352],{"class":79},[20,58842,58843,58844,58846,58847,58849,58850,144],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58845,3353],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58848,24356],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58851,35778],{},[51,58853,14738],{"id":14737},[33,58855,58856,58859,58862,58865,58870],{},[36,58857,58858],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,58860,58861],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,58863,58864],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,58866,58867,58868,1870],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58869,24356],{},[36,58871,58872],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[51,58874,58876],{"id":58875},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58878,58879],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58881,58882],{},"This means:",[33,58884,58885,58888,58891,58894],{},[36,58886,58887],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,58889,58890],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,58892,58893],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,58895,58896,58897,58900],{},"A list is ",[43,58898,58899],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58902,267],{},[56,58904,58906],{"className":58,"code":58905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58907,58908,58932,58936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58909,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58911,7353],{"class":71},[65,58913,76],{"class":75},[65,58915,1339],{"class":79},[65,58917,488],{"class":487},[65,58919,3648],{"class":491},[65,58921,488],{"class":487},[65,58923,87],{"class":79},[65,58925,5574],{"class":83},[65,58927,87],{"class":79},[65,58929,3485],{"class":3419},[65,58931,1352],{"class":79},[65,58933,58934],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,58935,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,58937,58938,58940,58942,58944],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,58939,164],{"class":163},[65,58941,151],{"class":79},[65,58943,7384],{"class":147},[65,58945,157],{"class":79},[20,58947,58948],{},[43,58949,350],{},[56,58951,58953],{"className":58,"code":58952,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58954,58955],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58958,3469],{"class":79},[65,58960,594],{"class":487},[65,58962,3648],{"class":491},[65,58964,594],{"class":487},[65,58966,87],{"class":79},[65,58968,5574],{"class":83},[65,58970,87],{"class":79},[65,58972,3485],{"class":3419},[65,58974,1352],{"class":79},[20,58976,58977,58978,214,58981,144],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[210,58979,58980],{"href":50564},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[210,58982,58983],{"href":58079},"What is a List in Python?",[51,58985,58987],{"id":58986},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58989,58843,58990,58992],{},[15,58991,3353],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58994,58995],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[56,58997,58999],{"className":58,"code":58998,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59000,59001,59021,59053,59078,59082,59092,59102],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59002,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59004,3185],{"class":71},[65,59006,76],{"class":75},[65,59008,1339],{"class":79},[65,59010,84],{"class":83},[65,59012,87],{"class":79},[65,59014,90],{"class":83},[65,59016,87],{"class":79},[65,59018,95],{"class":83},[65,59020,1352],{"class":79},[65,59022,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59024,4563],{"class":71},[65,59026,76],{"class":75},[65,59028,1339],{"class":79},[65,59030,488],{"class":487},[65,59032,12456],{"class":491},[65,59034,488],{"class":487},[65,59036,87],{"class":79},[65,59038,499],{"class":487},[65,59040,35520],{"class":491},[65,59042,488],{"class":487},[65,59044,87],{"class":79},[65,59046,499],{"class":487},[65,59048,35529],{"class":491},[65,59050,488],{"class":487},[65,59052,1352],{"class":79},[65,59054,59055,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59056,59057],{"class":71},"mixed ",[65,59059,76],{"class":75},[65,59061,1339],{"class":79},[65,59063,1898],{"class":83},[65,59065,87],{"class":79},[65,59067,499],{"class":487},[65,59069,3412],{"class":491},[65,59071,488],{"class":487},[65,59073,87],{"class":79},[65,59075,3476],{"class":3419},[65,59077,1352],{"class":79},[65,59079,59080],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59081,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59083,59084,59086,59088,59090],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,59085,164],{"class":163},[65,59087,151],{"class":79},[65,59089,3215],{"class":147},[65,59091,157],{"class":79},[65,59093,59094,59096,59098,59100],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,59095,164],{"class":163},[65,59097,151],{"class":79},[65,59099,4607],{"class":147},[65,59101,157],{"class":79},[65,59103,59104,59106,59108,59111],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,59105,164],{"class":163},[65,59107,151],{"class":79},[65,59109,59110],{"class":147},"mixed",[65,59112,157],{"class":79},[20,59114,59115],{},[43,59116,350],{},[56,59118,59120],{"className":58,"code":59119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59121,59122,59138,59166],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59123,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59125,3469],{"class":79},[65,59127,84],{"class":83},[65,59129,87],{"class":79},[65,59131,90],{"class":83},[65,59133,87],{"class":79},[65,59135,95],{"class":83},[65,59137,1352],{"class":79},[65,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59141,3469],{"class":79},[65,59143,594],{"class":487},[65,59145,12456],{"class":491},[65,59147,594],{"class":487},[65,59149,87],{"class":79},[65,59151,603],{"class":487},[65,59153,35520],{"class":491},[65,59155,594],{"class":487},[65,59157,87],{"class":79},[65,59159,603],{"class":487},[65,59161,35529],{"class":491},[65,59163,594],{"class":487},[65,59165,1352],{"class":79},[65,59167,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59169,3469],{"class":79},[65,59171,1898],{"class":83},[65,59173,87],{"class":79},[65,59175,603],{"class":487},[65,59177,3412],{"class":491},[65,59179,594],{"class":487},[65,59181,87],{"class":79},[65,59183,3476],{"class":3419},[65,59185,1352],{"class":79},[1286,59187,59189],{"id":59188},"key-points","Key points",[33,59191,59192,59197,59199],{},[36,59193,1660,59194,59196],{},[15,59195,3353],{}," to make a new list",[36,59198,15008],{},[36,59200,59201],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[51,59203,59205],{"id":59204},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59207,59208],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[56,59210,59212],{"className":58,"code":59211,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59213,59214,59222,59226,59236],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59215,59216,59218,59220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59217,7884],{"class":71},[65,59219,76],{"class":75},[65,59221,7413],{"class":79},[65,59223,59224],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59225,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59227,59228,59230,59232,59234],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59229,164],{"class":163},[65,59231,151],{"class":79},[65,59233,7915],{"class":147},[65,59235,157],{"class":79},[65,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59239,164],{"class":163},[65,59241,151],{"class":79},[65,59243,10737],{"class":163},[65,59245,151],{"class":79},[65,59247,7915],{"class":147},[65,59249,1028],{"class":79},[20,59251,59252],{},[43,59253,350],{},[56,59255,59257],{"className":58,"code":59256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[]\n0\n",[15,59258,59259,59263],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59260,59261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59262,37878],{"class":79},[65,59264,59265],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59266,46836],{"class":83},[20,59268,59269],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[56,59271,59273],{"className":58,"code":59272,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59274,59275,59283,59287,59305,59323,59341,59345],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59276,59277,59279,59281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59278,4563],{"class":71},[65,59280,76],{"class":75},[65,59282,7413],{"class":79},[65,59284,59285],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59286,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59288,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59290,4607],{"class":71},[65,59292,144],{"class":79},[65,59294,13127],{"class":147},[65,59296,151],{"class":79},[65,59298,488],{"class":487},[65,59300,12456],{"class":491},[65,59302,488],{"class":487},[65,59304,157],{"class":79},[65,59306,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59308,4607],{"class":71},[65,59310,144],{"class":79},[65,59312,13127],{"class":147},[65,59314,151],{"class":79},[65,59316,488],{"class":487},[65,59318,35520],{"class":491},[65,59320,488],{"class":487},[65,59322,157],{"class":79},[65,59324,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,59326,4607],{"class":71},[65,59328,144],{"class":79},[65,59330,13127],{"class":147},[65,59332,151],{"class":79},[65,59334,488],{"class":487},[65,59336,35529],{"class":491},[65,59338,488],{"class":487},[65,59340,157],{"class":79},[65,59342,59343],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,59344,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59346,59347,59349,59351,59353],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,59348,164],{"class":163},[65,59350,151],{"class":79},[65,59352,4607],{"class":147},[65,59354,157],{"class":79},[20,59356,59357],{},[43,59358,350],{},[56,59360,59362],{"className":58,"code":59361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59363,59364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59365,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59367,3469],{"class":79},[65,59369,594],{"class":487},[65,59371,12456],{"class":491},[65,59373,594],{"class":487},[65,59375,87],{"class":79},[65,59377,603],{"class":487},[65,59379,35520],{"class":491},[65,59381,594],{"class":487},[65,59383,87],{"class":79},[65,59385,603],{"class":487},[65,59387,35529],{"class":491},[65,59389,594],{"class":487},[65,59391,1352],{"class":79},[20,59393,59394,59395,144],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[210,59396,59397,1474],{"href":56355},[15,59398,52238],{},[51,59400,59402,59403],{"id":59401},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59404,24356],{},[20,59406,1660,59407,59409],{},[15,59408,24356],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59411,5026],{},[33,59413,59414,59416,59418,59420],{},[36,59415,4878],{},[36,59417,4872],{},[36,59419,4875],{},[36,59421,59422],{},[15,59423,35778],{},[1286,59425,59427],{"id":59426},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[56,59429,59431],{"className":58,"code":59430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59432,59433,59451],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59436,35670],{"class":71},[65,59438,76],{"class":75},[65,59440,22134],{"class":1259},[65,59442,151],{"class":79},[65,59444,488],{"class":487},[65,59446,41143],{"class":491},[65,59448,488],{"class":487},[65,59450,157],{"class":79},[65,59452,59453,59455,59457,59459],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59454,164],{"class":163},[65,59456,151],{"class":79},[65,59458,35723],{"class":147},[65,59460,157],{"class":79},[20,59462,59463],{},[43,59464,350],{},[56,59466,59467],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,59468,59469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59470,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59472,3469],{"class":79},[65,59474,594],{"class":487},[65,59476,210],{"class":491},[65,59478,594],{"class":487},[65,59480,87],{"class":79},[65,59482,603],{"class":487},[65,59484,154],{"class":491},[65,59486,594],{"class":487},[65,59488,87],{"class":79},[65,59490,603],{"class":487},[65,59492,9317],{"class":491},[65,59494,594],{"class":487},[65,59496,1352],{"class":79},[1286,59498,59500],{"id":59499},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[56,59502,59504],{"className":58,"code":59503,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59505,59506,59528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59507,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59509,3185],{"class":71},[65,59511,76],{"class":75},[65,59513,22134],{"class":1259},[65,59515,5079],{"class":79},[65,59517,84],{"class":83},[65,59519,87],{"class":79},[65,59521,90],{"class":83},[65,59523,87],{"class":79},[65,59525,95],{"class":83},[65,59527,1028],{"class":79},[65,59529,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59531,164],{"class":163},[65,59533,151],{"class":79},[65,59535,3215],{"class":147},[65,59537,157],{"class":79},[20,59539,59540],{},[43,59541,350],{},[56,59543,59544],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,59545,59546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59547,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59549,3469],{"class":79},[65,59551,84],{"class":83},[65,59553,87],{"class":79},[65,59555,90],{"class":83},[65,59557,87],{"class":79},[65,59559,95],{"class":83},[65,59561,1352],{"class":79},[1286,59563,59565],{"id":59564},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[56,59567,59569],{"className":58,"code":59568,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59570,59571,59590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59572,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59584,59586,59588],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59574,3389],{"class":71},[65,59576,76],{"class":75},[65,59578,22134],{"class":1259},[65,59580,151],{"class":79},[65,59582,59583],{"class":163},"range",[65,59585,151],{"class":79},[65,59587,1705],{"class":83},[65,59589,1028],{"class":79},[65,59591,59592,59594,59596,59598],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59593,164],{"class":163},[65,59595,151],{"class":79},[65,59597,4928],{"class":147},[65,59599,157],{"class":79},[20,59601,59602],{},[43,59603,350],{},[56,59605,59607],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59608,59609],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59610,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59612,3469],{"class":79},[65,59614,1688],{"class":83},[65,59616,87],{"class":79},[65,59618,5066],{"class":83},[65,59620,87],{"class":79},[65,59622,90],{"class":83},[65,59624,87],{"class":79},[65,59626,95],{"class":83},[65,59628,87],{"class":79},[65,59630,116],{"class":83},[65,59632,1352],{"class":79},[20,59634,59635,59637,59638,144],{},[15,59636,24356],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[210,59639,59641,59643],{"href":59640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59642,24356],{},": Function Explained",[51,59645,59647],{"id":59646},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59649,59650],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59652,59653],{},"Examples include:",[33,59655,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664],{},[36,59657,4878],{},[36,59659,40006],{},[36,59661,51631],{},[36,59663,40176],{},[36,59665,59666],{},"other lists",[56,59668,59670],{"className":58,"code":59669,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59671,59672,59710,59714],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59673,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59675,8744],{"class":71},[65,59677,76],{"class":75},[65,59679,1339],{"class":79},[65,59681,488],{"class":487},[65,59683,12456],{"class":491},[65,59685,488],{"class":487},[65,59687,87],{"class":79},[65,59689,8884],{"class":83},[65,59691,87],{"class":79},[65,59693,3485],{"class":3419},[65,59695,87],{"class":79},[65,59697,1339],{"class":79},[65,59699,84],{"class":83},[65,59701,87],{"class":79},[65,59703,90],{"class":83},[65,59705,87],{"class":79},[65,59707,95],{"class":83},[65,59709,52828],{"class":79},[65,59711,59712],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59713,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59715,59716,59718,59720,59722],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59717,164],{"class":163},[65,59719,151],{"class":79},[65,59721,8783],{"class":147},[65,59723,157],{"class":79},[20,59725,59726],{},[43,59727,350],{},[56,59729,59731],{"className":58,"code":59730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59732,59733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59734,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59736,3469],{"class":79},[65,59738,594],{"class":487},[65,59740,12456],{"class":491},[65,59742,594],{"class":487},[65,59744,87],{"class":79},[65,59746,8884],{"class":83},[65,59748,87],{"class":79},[65,59750,3485],{"class":3419},[65,59752,87],{"class":79},[65,59754,1339],{"class":79},[65,59756,84],{"class":83},[65,59758,87],{"class":79},[65,59760,90],{"class":83},[65,59762,87],{"class":79},[65,59764,95],{"class":83},[65,59766,52828],{"class":79},[20,59768,59769,59770,144],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[43,59771,59772],{},"nested list",[20,59774,59775],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[51,59777,1109],{"id":1108},[20,59779,59780],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1286,59782,59784],{"id":59783},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59786,59787],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[56,59789,59791],{"className":58,"code":59790,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59792,59793,59797],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59794,59795],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59796,4104],{"class":175},[65,59798,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59800,3185],{"class":71},[65,59802,76],{"class":75},[65,59804,1339],{"class":79},[65,59806,84],{"class":83},[65,59808,90],{"class":83},[65,59810,95],{"class":83},[65,59812,1352],{"class":79},[20,59814,10383],{},[56,59816,59818],{"className":58,"code":59817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59819,59820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59821,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59823,3185],{"class":71},[65,59825,76],{"class":75},[65,59827,1339],{"class":79},[65,59829,84],{"class":83},[65,59831,87],{"class":79},[65,59833,90],{"class":83},[65,59835,87],{"class":79},[65,59837,95],{"class":83},[65,59839,1352],{"class":79},[1286,59841,7994,59843,10667,59845],{"id":59842},"using-instead-of",[15,59844,6938],{},[15,59846,3353],{},[20,59848,59849],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[56,59851,59853],{"className":58,"code":59852,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59854,59855,59876,59880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59856,59857,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59858,59859],{"class":71},"my_values ",[65,59861,76],{"class":75},[65,59863,8815],{"class":79},[65,59865,84],{"class":83},[65,59867,87],{"class":79},[65,59869,90],{"class":83},[65,59871,87],{"class":79},[65,59873,95],{"class":83},[65,59875,157],{"class":79},[65,59877,59878],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59879,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,59881,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59893],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,59883,164],{"class":163},[65,59885,151],{"class":79},[65,59887,1260],{"class":1259},[65,59889,151],{"class":79},[65,59891,59892],{"class":147},"my_values",[65,59894,1028],{"class":79},[20,59896,59897],{},[43,59898,350],{},[56,59900,59902],{"className":58,"code":59901,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59903,59904],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59905,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59907,2857],{"class":75},[65,59909,2860],{"class":1632},[65,59911,603],{"class":487},[65,59913,48538],{"class":491},[65,59915,594],{"class":487},[65,59917,2869],{"class":75},[20,59919,59920],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[56,59922,59924],{"className":58,"code":59923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59925,59926,59946],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59927,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59929,59859],{"class":71},[65,59931,76],{"class":75},[65,59933,1339],{"class":79},[65,59935,84],{"class":83},[65,59937,87],{"class":79},[65,59939,90],{"class":83},[65,59941,87],{"class":79},[65,59943,95],{"class":83},[65,59945,1352],{"class":79},[65,59947,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59949,164],{"class":163},[65,59951,151],{"class":79},[65,59953,1260],{"class":1259},[65,59955,151],{"class":79},[65,59957,59892],{"class":147},[65,59959,1028],{"class":79},[1286,59961,8030,59963,59966],{"id":59962},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59964,59965],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59968,59969,59971],{},[15,59970,24356],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[56,59973,59975],{"className":58,"code":59974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59976,59977,59996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59978,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59992,59994],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59980,136],{"class":71},[65,59982,76],{"class":75},[65,59984,22134],{"class":1259},[65,59986,151],{"class":79},[65,59988,488],{"class":487},[65,59990,59991],{"class":491},"hello world",[65,59993,488],{"class":487},[65,59995,157],{"class":79},[65,59997,59998,60000,60002,60004],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,59999,164],{"class":163},[65,60001,151],{"class":79},[65,60003,169],{"class":147},[65,60005,157],{"class":79},[20,60007,60008],{},[43,60009,350],{},[56,60011,60013],{"className":58,"code":60012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60014,60015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60016,60017,60019,60021,60024,60026,60028,60030,60033,60035,60037,60039,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60018,3469],{"class":79},[65,60020,594],{"class":487},[65,60022,60023],{"class":491},"h",[65,60025,594],{"class":487},[65,60027,87],{"class":79},[65,60029,603],{"class":487},[65,60031,60032],{"class":491},"e",[65,60034,594],{"class":487},[65,60036,87],{"class":79},[65,60038,603],{"class":487},[65,60040,60041],{"class":491},"l",[65,60043,594],{"class":487},[65,60045,87],{"class":79},[65,60047,603],{"class":487},[65,60049,60041],{"class":491},[65,60051,594],{"class":487},[65,60053,87],{"class":79},[65,60055,603],{"class":487},[65,60057,60058],{"class":491},"o",[65,60060,594],{"class":487},[65,60062,87],{"class":79},[65,60064,603],{"class":487},[65,60066,603],{"class":487},[65,60068,87],{"class":79},[65,60070,603],{"class":487},[65,60072,60073],{"class":491},"w",[65,60075,594],{"class":487},[65,60077,87],{"class":79},[65,60079,603],{"class":487},[65,60081,60058],{"class":491},[65,60083,594],{"class":487},[65,60085,87],{"class":79},[65,60087,603],{"class":487},[65,60089,60090],{"class":491},"r",[65,60092,594],{"class":487},[65,60094,87],{"class":79},[65,60096,603],{"class":487},[65,60098,60041],{"class":491},[65,60100,594],{"class":487},[65,60102,87],{"class":79},[65,60104,603],{"class":487},[65,60106,18342],{"class":491},[65,60108,594],{"class":487},[65,60110,1352],{"class":79},[20,60112,60113,60114,60117],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60115,60116],{},"split()"," instead:",[56,60119,60121],{"className":58,"code":60120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60122,60123,60141],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60124,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60126,3639],{"class":71},[65,60128,76],{"class":75},[65,60130,499],{"class":487},[65,60132,59991],{"class":491},[65,60134,488],{"class":487},[65,60136,144],{"class":79},[65,60138,34046],{"class":147},[65,60140,8220],{"class":79},[65,60142,60143,60145,60147,60149],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60144,164],{"class":163},[65,60146,151],{"class":79},[65,60148,3683],{"class":147},[65,60150,157],{"class":79},[20,60152,60153],{},[43,60154,350],{},[56,60156,60158],{"className":58,"code":60157,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60159,60160],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60161,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60177,60179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60163,3469],{"class":79},[65,60165,594],{"class":487},[65,60167,3412],{"class":491},[65,60169,594],{"class":487},[65,60171,87],{"class":79},[65,60173,603],{"class":487},[65,60175,60176],{"class":491},"world",[65,60178,594],{"class":487},[65,60180,1352],{"class":79},[1286,60182,60184],{"id":60183},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60186,60187],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[56,60189,60191],{"className":58,"code":60190,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60192,60193,60197],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60194,60195],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60196,4104],{"class":175},[65,60198,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60218,60220,60222,60224],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60200,4563],{"class":71},[65,60202,76],{"class":75},[65,60204,1339],{"class":79},[65,60206,488],{"class":487},[65,60208,12456],{"class":491},[65,60210,488],{"class":487},[65,60212,87],{"class":79},[65,60214,499],{"class":487},[65,60216,60217],{"class":491},"Ben', ",[65,60219,488],{"class":487},[65,60221,35529],{"class":71},[65,60223,488],{"class":487},[65,60225,1352],{"class":491},[20,60227,60228],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[56,60230,60232],{"className":58,"code":60231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60233,60234],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60235,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60237,4563],{"class":71},[65,60239,76],{"class":75},[65,60241,1339],{"class":79},[65,60243,488],{"class":487},[65,60245,12456],{"class":491},[65,60247,488],{"class":487},[65,60249,87],{"class":79},[65,60251,499],{"class":487},[65,60253,35520],{"class":491},[65,60255,488],{"class":487},[65,60257,87],{"class":79},[65,60259,499],{"class":487},[65,60261,35529],{"class":491},[65,60263,488],{"class":487},[65,60265,1352],{"class":79},[1286,60267,60269],{"id":60268},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60271,60272],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,60274,60275,60278,60281,60286],{},[36,60276,60277],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,60279,60280],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,60282,60283,60284],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60285,24356],{},[36,60287,8030,60288,60291],{},[15,60289,60290],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1286,60293,60295],{"id":60294},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[56,60297,60299],{"className":58,"code":60298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60300,60301,60311,60325,60339],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60302,60303,60305,60307,60309],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60304,164],{"class":163},[65,60306,151],{"class":79},[65,60308,7915],{"class":147},[65,60310,157],{"class":79},[65,60312,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60314,164],{"class":163},[65,60316,151],{"class":79},[65,60318,1260],{"class":1259},[65,60320,151],{"class":79},[65,60322,7915],{"class":147},[65,60324,1028],{"class":79},[65,60326,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,60328,164],{"class":163},[65,60330,151],{"class":79},[65,60332,10737],{"class":163},[65,60334,151],{"class":79},[65,60336,7915],{"class":147},[65,60338,1028],{"class":79},[65,60340,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60342,164],{"class":163},[65,60344,151],{"class":79},[65,60346,7669],{"class":1259},[65,60348,151],{"class":79},[65,60350,59583],{"class":163},[65,60352,151],{"class":79},[65,60354,1705],{"class":83},[65,60356,2478],{"class":79},[20,60358,25584],{},[33,60360,60361,60364,60367,60370],{},[36,60362,60363],{},"what the list contains",[36,60365,60366],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,60368,60369],{},"how many items it has",[36,60371,25595,60372,60374,60375],{},[15,60373,24356],{}," does with ",[15,60376,35778],{},[51,60378,60380],{"id":60379},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60382,60383],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60385,60386],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,60388,60389,60404,60409],{},[36,60390,1660,60391,1491,60395,1494,60399,60403],{},[210,60392,60393],{"href":56355},[15,60394,52238],{},[210,60396,60397],{"href":52930},[15,60398,53032],{},[210,60400,60401],{"href":53494},[15,60402,53854],{}," to add items later",[36,60405,1660,60406,60408],{},[210,60407,58980],{"href":50564}," for a broader introduction",[36,60410,1660,60411,60415],{},[210,60412,60413,59643],{"href":59640},[15,60414,24356],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[51,60417,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,60419,60421],{"id":60420},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60423,60424],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[56,60426,60427],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,60428,60429],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60430,60431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60432,37878],{"class":79},[1286,60434,60436],{"id":60435},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60438,60439],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[56,60441,60442],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,60443,60444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60445,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60447,3469],{"class":79},[65,60449,84],{"class":83},[65,60451,87],{"class":79},[65,60453,90],{"class":83},[65,60455,87],{"class":79},[65,60457,95],{"class":83},[65,60459,1352],{"class":79},[1286,60461,4711,60463,60465],{"id":60462},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60464,24356],{}," do in Python?",[20,60467,60468,60469,60471],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60470,35778],{},", into a list.",[1286,60473,60475],{"id":60474},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60477,60478],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1286,60480,1299,60482,634,60484,1304],{"id":60481},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60483,3353],{},[15,60485,6938],{},[20,60487,60488,60490,60491,60493],{},[15,60489,3353],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60492,6938],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[51,60495,1455],{"id":1454},[33,60497,60498,60502,60508,60514,60520,60526,60530],{},[36,60499,60500],{},[210,60501,58980],{"href":50564},[36,60503,60504],{},[210,60505,55106,60506,18],{"href":56355},[15,60507,52238],{},[36,60509,60510],{},[210,60511,55106,60512,18],{"href":52930},[15,60513,53032],{},[36,60515,60516],{},[210,60517,55106,60518,18],{"href":53494},[15,60519,53854],{},[36,60521,60522],{},[210,60523,3143,60524,3147],{"href":59640},[15,60525,24356],{},[36,60527,60528],{},[210,60529,58983],{"href":58079},[36,60531,60532],{},[210,60533,60534],{"href":11640},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60536,60537,60538,60540],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60539,52238],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1499,60542,60543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":60545},[60546,60547,60548,60549,60552,60553,60559,60560,60570,60571,60580],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":58875,"depth":101,"text":58876},{"id":58986,"depth":101,"text":58987,"children":60550},[60551],{"id":59188,"depth":126,"text":59189},{"id":59204,"depth":101,"text":59205},{"id":59401,"depth":101,"text":60554,"children":60555},"Create a list with list()",[60556,60557,60558],{"id":59426,"depth":126,"text":59427},{"id":59499,"depth":126,"text":59500},{"id":59564,"depth":126,"text":59565},{"id":59646,"depth":101,"text":59647},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":60561},[60562,60563,60565,60567,60568,60569],{"id":59783,"depth":126,"text":59784},{"id":59842,"depth":126,"text":60564},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59962,"depth":126,"text":60566},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60183,"depth":126,"text":60184},{"id":60268,"depth":126,"text":60269},{"id":60294,"depth":126,"text":60295},{"id":60379,"depth":101,"text":60380},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":60572},[60573,60574,60575,60577,60578],{"id":60420,"depth":126,"text":60421},{"id":60435,"depth":126,"text":60436},{"id":60462,"depth":126,"text":60576},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60474,"depth":126,"text":60475},{"id":60481,"depth":126,"text":60579},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58617,"description":60581},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60588,"title":60589,"body":60590,"description":62330,"extension":1528,"meta":62331,"navigation":129,"path":62332,"seo":62333,"stem":62334,"__hash__":62335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60591,"toc":62285},[60592,60597,60602,60605,60607,60678,60683,60688,60692,60706,60711,60713,60733,60738,60741,60764,60768,60773,60865,60867,60889,60895,60901,60908,60915,60921,60978,60984,61042,61044,61056,61064,61070,61075,61079,61136,61139,61143,61202,61205,61209,61267,61279,61283,61336,61339,61343,61349,61355,61417,61420,61481,61484,61540,61545,61547,61551,61558,61619,61624,61633,61689,61696,61700,61758,61767,61825,61829,61864,61868,61878,61880,61935,61949,61952,62067,62072,62076,62087,62089,62168,62178,62180,62185,62190,62197,62205,62211,62214,62220,62223,62229,62235,62237,62273,62282],[10,60593,53928,60595,18],{"id":60594},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60596,53032],{},[20,60598,60599,60601],{},[15,60600,52933],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60603,60604],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[51,60606,1570],{"id":1569},[56,60608,60610],{"className":58,"code":60609,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60611,60612,60628,60645,60649,60664,60674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60613,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60615,3185],{"class":71},[65,60617,76],{"class":75},[65,60619,1339],{"class":79},[65,60621,84],{"class":83},[65,60623,87],{"class":79},[65,60625,90],{"class":83},[65,60627,1352],{"class":79},[65,60629,60630,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60631,60632],{"class":71},"more_numbers ",[65,60634,76],{"class":75},[65,60636,1339],{"class":79},[65,60638,111],{"class":83},[65,60640,87],{"class":79},[65,60642,116],{"class":83},[65,60644,1352],{"class":79},[65,60646,60647],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,60648,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,60650,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60662],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60652,3215],{"class":71},[65,60654,144],{"class":79},[65,60656,53062],{"class":147},[65,60658,151],{"class":79},[65,60660,60661],{"class":147},"more_numbers",[65,60663,157],{"class":79},[65,60665,60666,60668,60670,60672],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,60667,164],{"class":163},[65,60669,151],{"class":79},[65,60671,3215],{"class":147},[65,60673,157],{"class":79},[65,60675,60676],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,60677,52309],{"class":175},[20,60679,1660,60680,60682],{},[15,60681,53032],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[51,60684,183,60686,186],{"id":60685},"what-listextend-does",[15,60687,52933],{},[20,60689,60690,191],{},[15,60691,53032],{},[33,60693,60694,60697,60699,60702],{},[36,60695,60696],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,60698,54014],{},[36,60700,60701],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,60703,10999,60704],{},[15,60705,3344],{},[20,60707,60708,60709,53387],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60710,53032],{},[51,60712,222],{"id":221},[56,60714,60716],{"className":58,"code":60715,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60717,60718],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60719,60720,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60721,60722],{"class":71},"list_name",[65,60724,144],{"class":79},[65,60726,53062],{"class":147},[65,60728,151],{"class":79},[65,60730,3286],{"class":147},[65,60732,157],{"class":79},[20,60734,5021,60735,60737],{},[43,60736,3286],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60739,60740],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,60742,60743,60747,60751,60755,60760],{},[36,60744,60745],{},[15,60746,7669],{},[36,60748,60749],{},[15,60750,48538],{},[36,60752,60753],{},[15,60754,1401],{},[36,60756,60757],{},[15,60758,60759],{},"string",[36,60761,60762],{},[15,60763,59583],{},[51,60765,60767],{"id":60766},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60769,60770,60771,191],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60772,53032],{},[56,60774,60776],{"className":58,"code":60775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60777,60778,60802,60827,60831,60846,60850,60860],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60779,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60781,35819],{"class":71},[65,60783,76],{"class":75},[65,60785,1339],{"class":79},[65,60787,488],{"class":487},[65,60789,3648],{"class":491},[65,60791,488],{"class":487},[65,60793,87],{"class":79},[65,60795,499],{"class":487},[65,60797,3657],{"class":491},[65,60799,488],{"class":487},[65,60801,1352],{"class":79},[65,60803,60804,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60805,60806],{"class":71},"more_fruits ",[65,60808,76],{"class":75},[65,60810,1339],{"class":79},[65,60812,488],{"class":487},[65,60814,32797],{"class":491},[65,60816,488],{"class":487},[65,60818,87],{"class":79},[65,60820,499],{"class":487},[65,60822,22107],{"class":491},[65,60824,488],{"class":487},[65,60826,1352],{"class":79},[65,60828,60829],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,60830,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,60832,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841,60844],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60834,35871],{"class":71},[65,60836,144],{"class":79},[65,60838,53062],{"class":147},[65,60840,151],{"class":79},[65,60842,60843],{"class":147},"more_fruits",[65,60845,157],{"class":79},[65,60847,60848],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,60849,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,60851,60852,60854,60856,60858],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,60853,164],{"class":163},[65,60855,151],{"class":79},[65,60857,35871],{"class":147},[65,60859,157],{"class":79},[65,60861,60862],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,60863,60864],{"class":175},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60866,11258],{},[33,60868,60869,60874,60879],{},[36,60870,60871,60873],{},[15,60872,35871],{}," starts with two items",[36,60875,60876,60878],{},[15,60877,60843],{}," has two more items",[36,60880,60881,60883,60884,60886,60887],{},[15,60882,53032],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60885,60843],{}," to ",[15,60888,35871],{},[20,60890,60891,60892,60894],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60893,35871],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60896,54153,60897,634,60899,144],{},[210,60898,52357],{"href":50564},[210,60900,56740],{"href":56739},[51,60902,60904,657,60906],{"id":60903},"extend-vs-append",[15,60905,53032],{},[15,60907,52238],{},[20,60909,60910,634,60912,60914],{},[15,60911,53032],{},[15,60913,52238],{}," are often confused.",[1286,60916,60918,60920],{"id":60917},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60919,53032],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[56,60922,60924],{"className":58,"code":60923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60925,60926,60942,60960,60964,60974],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60927,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60929,3185],{"class":71},[65,60931,76],{"class":75},[65,60933,1339],{"class":79},[65,60935,84],{"class":83},[65,60937,87],{"class":79},[65,60939,90],{"class":83},[65,60941,1352],{"class":79},[65,60943,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,60945,3215],{"class":71},[65,60947,144],{"class":79},[65,60949,53062],{"class":147},[65,60951,2552],{"class":79},[65,60953,111],{"class":83},[65,60955,87],{"class":79},[65,60957,116],{"class":83},[65,60959,3457],{"class":79},[65,60961,60962],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,60963,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,60965,60966,60968,60970,60972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60967,164],{"class":163},[65,60969,151],{"class":79},[65,60971,3215],{"class":147},[65,60973,157],{"class":79},[65,60975,60976],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,60977,52309],{"class":175},[1286,60979,60981,60983],{"id":60980},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60982,52238],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[56,60985,60987],{"className":58,"code":60986,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60988,60989,61005,61023,61027,61037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60990,60991,60993,60995,60997,60999,61001,61003],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60992,3185],{"class":71},[65,60994,76],{"class":75},[65,60996,1339],{"class":79},[65,60998,84],{"class":83},[65,61000,87],{"class":79},[65,61002,90],{"class":83},[65,61004,1352],{"class":79},[65,61006,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61008,3215],{"class":71},[65,61010,144],{"class":79},[65,61012,13127],{"class":147},[65,61014,2552],{"class":79},[65,61016,111],{"class":83},[65,61018,87],{"class":79},[65,61020,116],{"class":83},[65,61022,3457],{"class":79},[65,61024,61025],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61026,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61028,61029,61031,61033,61035],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61030,164],{"class":163},[65,61032,151],{"class":79},[65,61034,3215],{"class":147},[65,61036,157],{"class":79},[65,61038,61039],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61040,61041],{"class":175},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61043,784],{},[33,61045,61046,61051],{},[36,61047,61048,61050],{},[15,61049,53032],{}," to combine values",[36,61052,61053,61055],{},[15,61054,52238],{}," to add one item",[20,61057,41676,61058,634,61062,144],{},[210,61059,55106,61060,1474],{"href":56355},[15,61061,52238],{},[210,61063,52635],{"href":52634},[51,61065,7994,61067,61069],{"id":61066},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61068,53032],{}," with different iterables",[20,61071,61072,61074],{},[15,61073,53032],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1286,61076,61078],{"id":61077},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[56,61080,61082],{"className":58,"code":61081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61083,61084,61100,61118,61122,61132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61085,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61087,3389],{"class":71},[65,61089,76],{"class":75},[65,61091,1339],{"class":79},[65,61093,84],{"class":83},[65,61095,87],{"class":79},[65,61097,90],{"class":83},[65,61099,1352],{"class":79},[65,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114,61116],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61103,4928],{"class":71},[65,61105,144],{"class":79},[65,61107,53062],{"class":147},[65,61109,5079],{"class":79},[65,61111,111],{"class":83},[65,61113,87],{"class":79},[65,61115,116],{"class":83},[65,61117,1028],{"class":79},[65,61119,61120],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61121,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61123,61124,61126,61128,61130],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61125,164],{"class":163},[65,61127,151],{"class":79},[65,61129,4928],{"class":147},[65,61131,157],{"class":79},[65,61133,61134],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61135,52309],{"class":175},[20,61137,61138],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1286,61140,61142],{"id":61141},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[56,61144,61146],{"className":58,"code":61145,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61147,61148,61164,61183,61187,61197],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61149,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61151,35670],{"class":71},[65,61153,76],{"class":75},[65,61155,1339],{"class":79},[65,61157,488],{"class":487},[65,61159,210],{"class":491},[65,61161,488],{"class":487},[65,61163,1352],{"class":79},[65,61165,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61179,61181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61167,35723],{"class":71},[65,61169,144],{"class":79},[65,61171,53062],{"class":147},[65,61173,151],{"class":79},[65,61175,488],{"class":487},[65,61177,61178],{"class":491},"bc",[65,61180,488],{"class":487},[65,61182,157],{"class":79},[65,61184,61185],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61186,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61188,61189,61191,61193,61195],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61190,164],{"class":163},[65,61192,151],{"class":79},[65,61194,35723],{"class":147},[65,61196,157],{"class":79},[65,61198,61199],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61200,61201],{"class":175},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61203,61204],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1286,61206,61208],{"id":61207},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[56,61210,61212],{"className":58,"code":61211,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61213,61214,61226,61248,61252,61262],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61215,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61217,3185],{"class":71},[65,61219,76],{"class":75},[65,61221,1339],{"class":79},[65,61223,1688],{"class":83},[65,61225,1352],{"class":79},[65,61227,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61229,3215],{"class":71},[65,61231,144],{"class":79},[65,61233,53062],{"class":147},[65,61235,151],{"class":79},[65,61237,59583],{"class":163},[65,61239,151],{"class":79},[65,61241,84],{"class":83},[65,61243,87],{"class":79},[65,61245,116],{"class":83},[65,61247,1028],{"class":79},[65,61249,61250],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61251,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61253,61254,61256,61258,61260],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61255,164],{"class":163},[65,61257,151],{"class":79},[65,61259,3215],{"class":147},[65,61261,157],{"class":79},[65,61263,61264],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61265,61266],{"class":175},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61268,61269,61272,61273,1491,61275,1494,61277,144],{},[15,61270,61271],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61274,84],{},[15,61276,1624],{},[15,61278,111],{},[1286,61280,61282],{"id":61281},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[56,61284,61286],{"className":58,"code":61285,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61287,61288,61304,61322,61326],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61289,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61291,7353],{"class":71},[65,61293,76],{"class":75},[65,61295,1339],{"class":79},[65,61297,84],{"class":83},[65,61299,87],{"class":79},[65,61301,90],{"class":83},[65,61303,1352],{"class":79},[65,61305,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61307,7384],{"class":71},[65,61309,144],{"class":79},[65,61311,53062],{"class":147},[65,61313,5098],{"class":79},[65,61315,111],{"class":83},[65,61317,87],{"class":79},[65,61319,116],{"class":83},[65,61321,30071],{"class":79},[65,61323,61324],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61325,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61327,61328,61330,61332,61334],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61329,164],{"class":163},[65,61331,151],{"class":79},[65,61333,7384],{"class":147},[65,61335,157],{"class":79},[20,61337,61338],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[51,61340,61342],{"id":61341},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61344,61345,1965,61347,144],{},[15,61346,53032],{},[15,61348,3344],{},[20,61350,61351,61352,191],{},"That means this is ",[43,61353,61354],{},"wrong",[56,61356,61358],{"className":58,"code":61357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61359,61360,61376,61398,61402,61412],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61361,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61363,3185],{"class":71},[65,61365,76],{"class":75},[65,61367,1339],{"class":79},[65,61369,84],{"class":83},[65,61371,87],{"class":79},[65,61373,90],{"class":83},[65,61375,1352],{"class":79},[65,61377,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61379,136],{"class":71},[65,61381,76],{"class":75},[65,61383,3833],{"class":71},[65,61385,144],{"class":79},[65,61387,53062],{"class":147},[65,61389,2552],{"class":79},[65,61391,111],{"class":83},[65,61393,87],{"class":79},[65,61395,116],{"class":83},[65,61397,3457],{"class":79},[65,61399,61400],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61401,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61403,61404,61406,61408,61410],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61405,164],{"class":163},[65,61407,151],{"class":79},[65,61409,169],{"class":147},[65,61411,157],{"class":79},[65,61413,61414],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61415,61416],{"class":175},"# None\n",[20,61418,61419],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[56,61421,61423],{"className":58,"code":61422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61424,61425,61441,61463,61467,61477],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61426,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61428,3185],{"class":71},[65,61430,76],{"class":75},[65,61432,1339],{"class":79},[65,61434,84],{"class":83},[65,61436,87],{"class":79},[65,61438,90],{"class":83},[65,61440,1352],{"class":79},[65,61442,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61444,3185],{"class":71},[65,61446,76],{"class":75},[65,61448,3833],{"class":71},[65,61450,144],{"class":79},[65,61452,53062],{"class":147},[65,61454,2552],{"class":79},[65,61456,111],{"class":83},[65,61458,87],{"class":79},[65,61460,116],{"class":83},[65,61462,3457],{"class":79},[65,61464,61465],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61466,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61468,61469,61471,61473,61475],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61470,164],{"class":163},[65,61472,151],{"class":79},[65,61474,3215],{"class":147},[65,61476,157],{"class":79},[65,61478,61479],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61480,61416],{"class":175},[20,61482,61483],{},"The correct way is:",[56,61485,61486],{"className":58,"code":60923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,61487,61488,61504,61522,61526,61536],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61489,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61491,3185],{"class":71},[65,61493,76],{"class":75},[65,61495,1339],{"class":79},[65,61497,84],{"class":83},[65,61499,87],{"class":79},[65,61501,90],{"class":83},[65,61503,1352],{"class":79},[65,61505,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61507,3215],{"class":71},[65,61509,144],{"class":79},[65,61511,53062],{"class":147},[65,61513,2552],{"class":79},[65,61515,111],{"class":83},[65,61517,87],{"class":79},[65,61519,116],{"class":83},[65,61521,3457],{"class":79},[65,61523,61524],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61525,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61529,164],{"class":163},[65,61531,151],{"class":79},[65,61533,3215],{"class":147},[65,61535,157],{"class":79},[65,61537,61538],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61539,52309],{"class":175},[20,61541,55495,61542,61544],{},[15,61543,53032],{}," first, then use the original list.",[51,61546,1109],{"id":1108},[20,61548,14308,61549,144],{},[15,61550,53032],{},[1286,61552,61554,61555,61557],{"id":61553},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61556,53032],{}," to return a new list",[56,61559,61561],{"className":58,"code":61560,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61562,61563,61579,61601,61605,61615],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61566,3185],{"class":71},[65,61568,76],{"class":75},[65,61570,1339],{"class":79},[65,61572,84],{"class":83},[65,61574,87],{"class":79},[65,61576,90],{"class":83},[65,61578,1352],{"class":79},[65,61580,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61582,55228],{"class":71},[65,61584,76],{"class":75},[65,61586,3833],{"class":71},[65,61588,144],{"class":79},[65,61590,53062],{"class":147},[65,61592,2552],{"class":79},[65,61594,111],{"class":83},[65,61596,87],{"class":79},[65,61598,116],{"class":83},[65,61600,3457],{"class":79},[65,61602,61603],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61604,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61606,61607,61609,61611,61613],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61608,164],{"class":163},[65,61610,151],{"class":79},[65,61612,55247],{"class":147},[65,61614,157],{"class":79},[65,61616,61617],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61618,61416],{"class":175},[20,61620,61621,61622,144],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61623,53032],{},[1286,61625,61627,61628,1169,61630,61632],{"id":61626},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61629,52238],{},[15,61631,53032],{}," is needed",[56,61634,61635],{"className":58,"code":60986,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,61636,61637,61653,61671,61675,61685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61638,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61640,3185],{"class":71},[65,61642,76],{"class":75},[65,61644,1339],{"class":79},[65,61646,84],{"class":83},[65,61648,87],{"class":79},[65,61650,90],{"class":83},[65,61652,1352],{"class":79},[65,61654,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61656,3215],{"class":71},[65,61658,144],{"class":79},[65,61660,13127],{"class":147},[65,61662,2552],{"class":79},[65,61664,111],{"class":83},[65,61666,87],{"class":79},[65,61668,116],{"class":83},[65,61670,3457],{"class":79},[65,61672,61673],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61674,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61678,164],{"class":163},[65,61680,151],{"class":79},[65,61682,3215],{"class":147},[65,61684,157],{"class":79},[65,61686,61687],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61688,61041],{"class":175},[20,61690,61691,61692,53477,61694,6202],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61693,53476],{},[15,61695,53032],{},[1286,61697,61699],{"id":61698},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[56,61701,61703],{"className":58,"code":61702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61704,61705,61721,61739,61743,61753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61708,3639],{"class":71},[65,61710,76],{"class":75},[65,61712,1339],{"class":79},[65,61714,488],{"class":487},[65,61716,3412],{"class":491},[65,61718,488],{"class":487},[65,61720,1352],{"class":79},[65,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61724,3683],{"class":71},[65,61726,144],{"class":79},[65,61728,53062],{"class":147},[65,61730,151],{"class":79},[65,61732,488],{"class":487},[65,61734,60176],{"class":491},[65,61736,488],{"class":487},[65,61738,157],{"class":79},[65,61740,61741],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61742,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61746,164],{"class":163},[65,61748,151],{"class":79},[65,61750,3683],{"class":147},[65,61752,157],{"class":79},[65,61754,61755],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61756,61757],{"class":175},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61759,61760,61761,61764,61765,191],{},"If you want ",[15,61762,61763],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61766,52238],{},[56,61768,61770],{"className":58,"code":61769,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61771,61772,61788,61806,61810,61820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61773,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61775,3639],{"class":71},[65,61777,76],{"class":75},[65,61779,1339],{"class":79},[65,61781,488],{"class":487},[65,61783,3412],{"class":491},[65,61785,488],{"class":487},[65,61787,1352],{"class":79},[65,61789,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61791,3683],{"class":71},[65,61793,144],{"class":79},[65,61795,13127],{"class":147},[65,61797,151],{"class":79},[65,61799,488],{"class":487},[65,61801,60176],{"class":491},[65,61803,488],{"class":487},[65,61805,157],{"class":79},[65,61807,61808],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61809,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61811,61812,61814,61816,61818],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61813,164],{"class":163},[65,61815,151],{"class":79},[65,61817,3683],{"class":147},[65,61819,157],{"class":79},[65,61821,61822],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,61823,61824],{"class":175},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1286,61826,61828],{"id":61827},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[56,61830,61832],{"className":58,"code":61831,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61833,61834,61850],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61837,3185],{"class":71},[65,61839,76],{"class":75},[65,61841,1339],{"class":79},[65,61843,84],{"class":83},[65,61845,87],{"class":79},[65,61847,90],{"class":83},[65,61849,1352],{"class":79},[65,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61853,3215],{"class":71},[65,61855,144],{"class":79},[65,61857,53062],{"class":147},[65,61859,151],{"class":79},[65,61861,1705],{"class":83},[65,61863,157],{"class":79},[20,61865,39235,61866,6122],{},[15,61867,1705],{},[20,61869,61870,61871,61873,61874,61877],{},"You will get a ",[15,61872,2571],{},". See ",[210,61875,61876],{"href":52185},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61879,1193],{},[56,61881,61883],{"className":58,"code":61882,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61884,61885,61895,61909,61921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61886,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61888,164],{"class":163},[65,61890,151],{"class":79},[65,61892,7915],{"class":147},[65,61894,157],{"class":79},[65,61896,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61898,164],{"class":163},[65,61900,151],{"class":79},[65,61902,1260],{"class":1259},[65,61904,151],{"class":79},[65,61906,4928],{"class":147},[65,61908,1028],{"class":79},[65,61910,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61912,164],{"class":163},[65,61914,151],{"class":79},[65,61916,169],{"class":147},[65,61918,172],{"class":79},[65,61920,157],{"class":71},[65,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61924,31728],{"class":163},[65,61926,151],{"class":79},[65,61928,7669],{"class":1259},[65,61930,144],{"class":79},[65,61932,53062],{"class":24325},[65,61934,157],{"class":79},[43164,61936,61937],{},[20,61938,61939,61940,61943,61944,61946,61947,144],{},"Note: ",[15,61941,61942],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61945,172],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61948,32603],{},[20,61950,61951],{},"Correct debugging example:",[56,61953,61955],{"className":58,"code":61954,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61956,61957,61973,61989,61993,62007,62011,62019,62029,62043,62053],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61958,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61960,7884],{"class":71},[65,61962,76],{"class":75},[65,61964,1339],{"class":79},[65,61966,84],{"class":83},[65,61968,87],{"class":79},[65,61970,90],{"class":83},[65,61972,1352],{"class":79},[65,61974,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,61976,3389],{"class":71},[65,61978,76],{"class":75},[65,61980,1339],{"class":79},[65,61982,111],{"class":83},[65,61984,87],{"class":79},[65,61986,116],{"class":83},[65,61988,1352],{"class":79},[65,61990,61991],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,61992,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,61994,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61996,7915],{"class":71},[65,61998,144],{"class":79},[65,62000,53062],{"class":147},[65,62002,151],{"class":79},[65,62004,4928],{"class":147},[65,62006,157],{"class":79},[65,62008,62009],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,62010,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62012,62013,62015,62017],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,62014,136],{"class":71},[65,62016,76],{"class":75},[65,62018,48112],{"class":3419},[65,62020,62021,62023,62025,62027],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,62022,164],{"class":163},[65,62024,151],{"class":79},[65,62026,7915],{"class":147},[65,62028,157],{"class":79},[65,62030,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,62032,164],{"class":163},[65,62034,151],{"class":79},[65,62036,1260],{"class":1259},[65,62038,151],{"class":79},[65,62040,4928],{"class":147},[65,62042,1028],{"class":79},[65,62044,62045,62047,62049,62051],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,62046,164],{"class":163},[65,62048,151],{"class":79},[65,62050,169],{"class":147},[65,62052,157],{"class":79},[65,62054,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,62056,31728],{"class":163},[65,62058,151],{"class":79},[65,62060,7669],{"class":1259},[65,62062,144],{"class":79},[65,62064,53062],{"class":24325},[65,62066,157],{"class":79},[51,62068,4529,62070],{"id":62069},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62071,53032],{},[20,62073,1660,62074,5887],{},[15,62075,53032],{},[33,62077,62078,62081,62084],{},[36,62079,62080],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,62082,62083],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,62085,62086],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62088,405],{},[56,62090,62092],{"className":58,"code":62091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62093,62094,62111,62129,62133,62149,62153,62163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62095,62096,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62097,62098],{"class":71},"all_scores ",[65,62100,76],{"class":75},[65,62102,1339],{"class":79},[65,62104,13076],{"class":83},[65,62106,87],{"class":79},[65,62108,13081],{"class":83},[65,62110,1352],{"class":79},[65,62112,62113,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124,62127],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62114,62115],{"class":71},"new_scores ",[65,62117,76],{"class":75},[65,62119,1339],{"class":79},[65,62121,51090],{"class":83},[65,62123,87],{"class":79},[65,62125,62126],{"class":83}," 92",[65,62128,1352],{"class":79},[65,62130,62131],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,62132,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62134,62135,62138,62140,62142,62144,62147],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62136,62137],{"class":71},"all_scores",[65,62139,144],{"class":79},[65,62141,53062],{"class":147},[65,62143,151],{"class":79},[65,62145,62146],{"class":147},"new_scores",[65,62148,157],{"class":79},[65,62150,62151],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,62152,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62154,62155,62157,62159,62161],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,62156,164],{"class":163},[65,62158,151],{"class":79},[65,62160,62137],{"class":147},[65,62162,157],{"class":79},[65,62164,62165],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,62166,62167],{"class":175},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62169,62170,62171,62173,62174,144],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62172,52238],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[210,62175,55106,62176,1474],{"href":53494},[15,62177,53854],{},[51,62179,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,62181,1289,62183,55055],{"id":62182},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62184,52933],{},[20,62186,62187,62188,144],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62189,3344],{},[1286,62191,1299,62193,634,62195,1304],{"id":62192},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62194,53032],{},[15,62196,52238],{},[20,62198,62199,62201,62202,62204],{},[15,62200,53032],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62203,52238],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1286,62206,1316,62208,62210],{"id":62207},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62209,53032],{}," with a string?",[20,62212,62213],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1286,62215,1316,62217,62219],{"id":62216},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62218,53032],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62221,62222],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1286,62224,62226,62227,1304],{"id":62225},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62228,53032],{},[20,62230,62231,62232,62234],{},"You get a ",[15,62233,2571],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[51,62236,1455],{"id":1454},[33,62238,62239,62245,62249,62253,62257,62263,62267],{},[36,62240,62241],{},[210,62242,55106,62243,1474],{"href":56355},[15,62244,52238],{},[36,62246,62247],{},[210,62248,53864],{"href":52634},[36,62250,62251],{},[210,62252,56814],{"href":56739},[36,62254,62255],{},[210,62256,52357],{"href":50564},[36,62258,62259],{},[210,62260,55106,62261,1474],{"href":53494},[15,62262,53854],{},[36,62264,62265],{},[210,62266,61876],{"href":52185},[36,62268,62269],{},[210,62270,55106,62271,1474],{"href":54546},[15,62272,12352],{},[20,62274,62275,62276,62278,62279,62281],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62277,52238],{},", when to use ",[15,62280,53854],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1499,62283,62284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":62286},[62287,62288,62290,62291,62292,62299,62306,62307,62315,62317,62329],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":60685,"depth":101,"text":62289},"What list.extend() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":60766,"depth":101,"text":60767},{"id":60903,"depth":101,"text":62293,"children":62294},"extend() vs append()",[62295,62297],{"id":60917,"depth":126,"text":62296},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60980,"depth":126,"text":62298},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61066,"depth":101,"text":62300,"children":62301},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62302,62303,62304,62305],{"id":61077,"depth":126,"text":61078},{"id":61141,"depth":126,"text":61142},{"id":61207,"depth":126,"text":61208},{"id":61281,"depth":126,"text":61282},{"id":61341,"depth":101,"text":61342},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":62308},[62309,62311,62313,62314],{"id":61553,"depth":126,"text":62310},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61626,"depth":126,"text":62312},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61698,"depth":126,"text":61699},{"id":61827,"depth":126,"text":61828},{"id":62069,"depth":101,"text":62316},"When to use extend()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":62318},[62319,62321,62323,62325,62327],{"id":62182,"depth":126,"text":62320},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62192,"depth":126,"text":62322},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62207,"depth":126,"text":62324},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62216,"depth":126,"text":62326},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62225,"depth":126,"text":62328},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60589,"description":62330},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62337,"title":62338,"body":62339,"description":64430,"extension":1528,"meta":64431,"navigation":129,"path":64432,"seo":64433,"stem":64434,"__hash__":64435},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62340,"toc":64393},[62341,62344,62349,62355,62366,62372,62374,62443,62445,62494,62502,62506,62511,62514,62525,62530,62532,62534,62555,62568,62571,62584,62586,62591,62616,62618,62626,62629,62698,62700,62724,62730,62734,62738,62774,62776,62796,62803,62807,62840,62842,62876,62881,62885,62918,62920,62948,62956,62960,62997,62999,63020,63023,63027,63096,63098,63122,63128,63135,63139,63142,63144,63158,63161,63185,63187,63212,63215,63234,63236,63262,63271,63275,63282,63359,63361,63402,63408,63414,63505,63507,63563,63566,63571,63575,63580,63584,63643,63645,63670,63674,63737,63739,63764,63768,63831,63833,63876,63879,63883,63887,63909,63913,63995,63997,64032,64040,64042,64046,64050,64052,64079,64084,64086,64113,64120,64123,64146,64148,64197,64200,64203,64222,64226,64229,64280,64283,64289,64293,64298,64301,64303,64309,64318,64322,64328,64332,64335,64339,64342,64346,64352,64354,64390],[10,62342,62338],{"id":62343},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62345,8701,62346,62348],{},[15,62347,24356],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62350,62351,62352,62354],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62353,24356],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,62356,62357,62360],{},[36,62358,62359],{},"to make an empty list",[36,62361,62362,62363,62365],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62364,59583],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62367,62368,62369,62371],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62370,24356],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[51,62373,1570],{"id":1569},[56,62375,62377],{"className":58,"code":62376,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62378,62379,62401,62419,62423,62433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62380,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62382,3185],{"class":71},[65,62384,76],{"class":75},[65,62386,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62388,5079],{"class":79},[65,62390,84],{"class":83},[65,62392,87],{"class":79},[65,62394,90],{"class":83},[65,62396,87],{"class":79},[65,62398,95],{"class":83},[65,62400,1028],{"class":79},[65,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62404,35670],{"class":71},[65,62406,76],{"class":75},[65,62408,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62410,151],{"class":79},[65,62412,488],{"class":487},[65,62414,41143],{"class":491},[65,62416,488],{"class":487},[65,62418,157],{"class":79},[65,62420,62421],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,62422,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62424,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62426,164],{"class":163},[65,62428,151],{"class":79},[65,62430,3215],{"class":147},[65,62432,157],{"class":79},[65,62434,62435,62437,62439,62441],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,62436,164],{"class":163},[65,62438,151],{"class":79},[65,62440,35723],{"class":147},[65,62442,157],{"class":79},[20,62444,350],{},[56,62446,62448],{"className":58,"code":62447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62449,62450,62466],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62451,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462,62464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62453,3469],{"class":79},[65,62455,84],{"class":83},[65,62457,87],{"class":79},[65,62459,90],{"class":83},[65,62461,87],{"class":79},[65,62463,95],{"class":83},[65,62465,1352],{"class":79},[65,62467,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62469,3469],{"class":79},[65,62471,594],{"class":487},[65,62473,210],{"class":491},[65,62475,594],{"class":487},[65,62477,87],{"class":79},[65,62479,603],{"class":487},[65,62481,154],{"class":491},[65,62483,594],{"class":487},[65,62485,87],{"class":79},[65,62487,603],{"class":487},[65,62489,9317],{"class":491},[65,62491,594],{"class":487},[65,62493,1352],{"class":79},[20,62495,1660,62496,62498,62499,62501],{},[15,62497,24356],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62500,59583],{},", set, or dictionary.",[51,62503,62505],{"id":62504},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62507,62508,62510],{},[15,62509,24356],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62512,62513],{},"It can:",[33,62515,62516,62519,62522],{},[36,62517,62518],{},"create a new list object",[36,62520,62521],{},"make an empty list",[36,62523,62524],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62526,62527,62528,144],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[210,62529,52357],{"href":50564},[51,62531,222],{"id":221},[20,62533,26063],{},[56,62535,62537],{"className":58,"code":62536,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62538,62539,62545],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62540,62541,62543],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62542,7669],{"class":1259},[65,62544,8220],{"class":79},[65,62546,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62548,7669],{"class":1259},[65,62550,151],{"class":79},[65,62552,3286],{"class":147},[65,62554,157],{"class":79},[33,62556,62557,62562],{},[36,62558,62559,62561],{},[15,62560,24356],{}," makes an empty list",[36,62563,62564,62567],{},[15,62565,62566],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62569,62570],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,62572,62573,62575,62577,62579,62582],{},[36,62574,4878],{},[36,62576,4872],{},[36,62578,4875],{},[36,62580,62581],{},"ranges",[36,62583,6823],{},[51,62585,59205],{"id":59204},[20,62587,1660,62588,62590],{},[15,62589,24356],{}," with no arguments:",[56,62592,62594],{"className":58,"code":62593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62595,62596,62606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62599,7353],{"class":71},[65,62601,76],{"class":75},[65,62603,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62605,8220],{"class":79},[65,62607,62608,62610,62612,62614],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62609,164],{"class":163},[65,62611,151],{"class":79},[65,62613,7384],{"class":147},[65,62615,157],{"class":79},[20,62617,350],{},[56,62619,62620],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62621,62622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62623,62624],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62625,37878],{"class":79},[20,62627,62628],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[56,62630,62632],{"className":58,"code":62631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62633,62634,62644,62648,62666,62684,62688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62635,62636,62638,62640,62642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62637,7353],{"class":71},[65,62639,76],{"class":75},[65,62641,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62643,8220],{"class":79},[65,62645,62646],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62647,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62649,62650,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,62651,7384],{"class":71},[65,62653,144],{"class":79},[65,62655,13127],{"class":147},[65,62657,151],{"class":79},[65,62659,488],{"class":487},[65,62661,3648],{"class":491},[65,62663,488],{"class":487},[65,62665,157],{"class":79},[65,62667,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62669,7384],{"class":71},[65,62671,144],{"class":79},[65,62673,13127],{"class":147},[65,62675,151],{"class":79},[65,62677,488],{"class":487},[65,62679,3657],{"class":491},[65,62681,488],{"class":487},[65,62683,157],{"class":79},[65,62685,62686],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,62687,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,62689,62690,62692,62694,62696],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,62691,164],{"class":163},[65,62693,151],{"class":79},[65,62695,7384],{"class":147},[65,62697,157],{"class":79},[20,62699,350],{},[56,62701,62702],{"className":58,"code":38004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62703,62704],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62705,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62707,3469],{"class":79},[65,62709,594],{"class":487},[65,62711,3648],{"class":491},[65,62713,594],{"class":487},[65,62715,87],{"class":79},[65,62717,603],{"class":487},[65,62719,3657],{"class":491},[65,62721,594],{"class":487},[65,62723,1352],{"class":79},[20,62725,62726,62727,62729],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62728,3353],{},". Both are valid.",[51,62731,62733],{"id":62732},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1286,62735,62737],{"id":62736},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[56,62739,62740],{"className":58,"code":59503,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62741,62742,62764],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62743,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760,62762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62745,3185],{"class":71},[65,62747,76],{"class":75},[65,62749,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62751,5079],{"class":79},[65,62753,84],{"class":83},[65,62755,87],{"class":79},[65,62757,90],{"class":83},[65,62759,87],{"class":79},[65,62761,95],{"class":83},[65,62763,1028],{"class":79},[65,62765,62766,62768,62770,62772],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62767,164],{"class":163},[65,62769,151],{"class":79},[65,62771,3215],{"class":147},[65,62773,157],{"class":79},[20,62775,350],{},[56,62777,62778],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62779,62780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62781,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790,62792,62794],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62783,3469],{"class":79},[65,62785,84],{"class":83},[65,62787,87],{"class":79},[65,62789,90],{"class":83},[65,62791,87],{"class":79},[65,62793,95],{"class":83},[65,62795,1352],{"class":79},[20,62797,62798,62799,144],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[210,62800,62802],{"href":62801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1286,62804,62806],{"id":62805},"string-to-list","String to list",[56,62808,62810],{"className":58,"code":62809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62811,62812,62830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62813,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62815,35670],{"class":71},[65,62817,76],{"class":75},[65,62819,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62821,151],{"class":79},[65,62823,488],{"class":487},[65,62825,36627],{"class":491},[65,62827,488],{"class":487},[65,62829,157],{"class":79},[65,62831,62832,62834,62836,62838],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62833,164],{"class":163},[65,62835,151],{"class":79},[65,62837,35723],{"class":147},[65,62839,157],{"class":79},[20,62841,350],{},[56,62843,62845],{"className":58,"code":62844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62846,62847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62848,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62872,62874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62850,3469],{"class":79},[65,62852,594],{"class":487},[65,62854,9317],{"class":491},[65,62856,594],{"class":487},[65,62858,87],{"class":79},[65,62860,603],{"class":487},[65,62862,210],{"class":491},[65,62864,594],{"class":487},[65,62866,87],{"class":79},[65,62868,603],{"class":487},[65,62870,62871],{"class":491},"t",[65,62873,594],{"class":487},[65,62875,1352],{"class":79},[20,62877,62878,62880],{},[15,62879,24356],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1286,62882,62884],{"id":62883},"range-to-list","Range to list",[56,62886,62888],{"className":58,"code":62887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62889,62890,62908],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62891,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62893,3185],{"class":71},[65,62895,76],{"class":75},[65,62897,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62899,151],{"class":79},[65,62901,59583],{"class":163},[65,62903,151],{"class":79},[65,62905,1705],{"class":83},[65,62907,1028],{"class":79},[65,62909,62910,62912,62914,62916],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62911,164],{"class":163},[65,62913,151],{"class":79},[65,62915,3215],{"class":147},[65,62917,157],{"class":79},[20,62919,350],{},[56,62921,62922],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62923,62924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62925,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62927,3469],{"class":79},[65,62929,1688],{"class":83},[65,62931,87],{"class":79},[65,62933,5066],{"class":83},[65,62935,87],{"class":79},[65,62937,90],{"class":83},[65,62939,87],{"class":79},[65,62941,95],{"class":83},[65,62943,87],{"class":79},[65,62945,116],{"class":83},[65,62947,1352],{"class":79},[20,62949,62950,62951,62955],{},"This is common when working with ",[210,62952,62953],{"href":35775},[15,62954,35778],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1286,62957,62959],{"id":62958},"set-to-list","Set to list",[56,62961,62963],{"className":58,"code":62962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62964,62965,62987],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62966,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62968,3389],{"class":71},[65,62970,76],{"class":75},[65,62972,22134],{"class":1259},[65,62974,5098],{"class":79},[65,62976,1898],{"class":83},[65,62978,87],{"class":79},[65,62980,7364],{"class":83},[65,62982,87],{"class":79},[65,62984,7369],{"class":83},[65,62986,30071],{"class":79},[65,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,62990,164],{"class":163},[65,62992,151],{"class":79},[65,62994,4928],{"class":147},[65,62996,157],{"class":79},[20,62998,16534],{},[56,63000,63002],{"className":58,"code":63001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63003,63004],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63005,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63007,3469],{"class":79},[65,63009,1898],{"class":83},[65,63011,87],{"class":79},[65,63013,7364],{"class":83},[65,63015,87],{"class":79},[65,63017,7369],{"class":83},[65,63019,1352],{"class":79},[20,63021,63022],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1286,63024,63026],{"id":63025},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[56,63028,63030],{"className":58,"code":63029,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63031,63032,63068,63082,63086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63033,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63035,12779],{"class":71},[65,63037,76],{"class":75},[65,63039,80],{"class":79},[65,63041,488],{"class":487},[65,63043,7241],{"class":491},[65,63045,488],{"class":487},[65,63047,191],{"class":79},[65,63049,499],{"class":487},[65,63051,12456],{"class":491},[65,63053,488],{"class":487},[65,63055,87],{"class":79},[65,63057,499],{"class":487},[65,63059,8877],{"class":491},[65,63061,488],{"class":487},[65,63063,191],{"class":79},[65,63065,8884],{"class":83},[65,63067,98],{"class":79},[65,63069,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63071,136],{"class":71},[65,63073,76],{"class":75},[65,63075,22134],{"class":1259},[65,63077,151],{"class":79},[65,63079,16882],{"class":147},[65,63081,157],{"class":79},[65,63083,63084],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,63085,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,63087,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63089,164],{"class":163},[65,63091,151],{"class":79},[65,63093,169],{"class":147},[65,63095,157],{"class":79},[20,63097,350],{},[56,63099,63100],{"className":58,"code":25056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63101,63102],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63103,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63105,3469],{"class":79},[65,63107,594],{"class":487},[65,63109,7241],{"class":491},[65,63111,594],{"class":487},[65,63113,87],{"class":79},[65,63115,603],{"class":487},[65,63117,8877],{"class":491},[65,63119,594],{"class":487},[65,63121,1352],{"class":79},[20,63123,63124,63125,63127],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63126,24356],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63129,63130,63131,144],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[210,63132,63134],{"href":63133},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[51,63136,63138],{"id":63137},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63140,63141],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63143,60740],{},[33,63145,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{},[36,63147,4869],{},[36,63149,4872],{},[36,63151,4878],{},[36,63153,4875],{},[36,63155,62581],{},[36,63157,6823],{},[20,63159,63160],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[56,63162,63164],{"className":58,"code":63163,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63165,63166],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63167,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63181,63183],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63169,164],{"class":163},[65,63171,151],{"class":79},[65,63173,7669],{"class":1259},[65,63175,151],{"class":79},[65,63177,488],{"class":487},[65,63179,63180],{"class":491},"hi",[65,63182,488],{"class":487},[65,63184,1028],{"class":79},[20,63186,350],{},[56,63188,63190],{"className":58,"code":63189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63191,63192],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63193,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63195,3469],{"class":79},[65,63197,594],{"class":487},[65,63199,60023],{"class":491},[65,63201,594],{"class":487},[65,63203,87],{"class":79},[65,63205,603],{"class":487},[65,63207,35734],{"class":491},[65,63209,594],{"class":487},[65,63211,1352],{"class":79},[20,63213,63214],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[56,63216,63218],{"className":58,"code":63217,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63219,63220],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63221,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63223,164],{"class":163},[65,63225,151],{"class":79},[65,63227,7669],{"class":1259},[65,63229,151],{"class":79},[65,63231,1705],{"class":83},[65,63233,1028],{"class":79},[20,63235,350],{},[56,63237,63239],{"className":58,"code":63238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63240,63241],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63244,2571],{"class":1259},[65,63246,191],{"class":79},[65,63248,603],{"class":487},[65,63250,1757],{"class":491},[65,63252,594],{"class":487},[65,63254,24192],{"class":1259},[65,63256,7672],{"class":75},[65,63258,7675],{"class":75},[65,63260,63261],{"class":71}," iterable\n",[20,63263,63264,63265,63267,63268,144],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[210,63266,4705],{"href":5155},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[210,63269,63270],{"href":52185},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[51,63272,63274],{"id":63273},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63276,63277,63278,63281],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63279,63280],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[56,63283,63285],{"className":58,"code":63284,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63286,63287,63307,63321,63325,63335,63345],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63288,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63290,11661],{"class":71},[65,63292,76],{"class":75},[65,63294,1339],{"class":79},[65,63296,84],{"class":83},[65,63298,87],{"class":79},[65,63300,90],{"class":83},[65,63302,87],{"class":79},[65,63304,95],{"class":83},[65,63306,1352],{"class":79},[65,63308,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63310,13886],{"class":71},[65,63312,76],{"class":75},[65,63314,22134],{"class":1259},[65,63316,151],{"class":79},[65,63318,11708],{"class":147},[65,63320,157],{"class":79},[65,63322,63323],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,63324,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,63326,63327,63329,63331,63333],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63328,164],{"class":163},[65,63330,151],{"class":79},[65,63332,11708],{"class":147},[65,63334,157],{"class":79},[65,63336,63337,63339,63341,63343],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,63338,164],{"class":163},[65,63340,151],{"class":79},[65,63342,13905],{"class":147},[65,63344,157],{"class":79},[65,63346,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,63348,164],{"class":163},[65,63350,151],{"class":79},[65,63352,11661],{"class":147},[65,63354,11769],{"class":3444},[65,63356,13959],{"class":147},[65,63358,157],{"class":79},[20,63360,350],{},[56,63362,63364],{"className":58,"code":63363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63365,63366,63382,63398],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63367,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63369,3469],{"class":79},[65,63371,84],{"class":83},[65,63373,87],{"class":79},[65,63375,90],{"class":83},[65,63377,87],{"class":79},[65,63379,95],{"class":83},[65,63381,1352],{"class":79},[65,63383,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63385,3469],{"class":79},[65,63387,84],{"class":83},[65,63389,87],{"class":79},[65,63391,90],{"class":83},[65,63393,87],{"class":79},[65,63395,95],{"class":83},[65,63397,1352],{"class":79},[65,63399,63400],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,63401,3610],{"class":3419},[20,63403,63404,63405,63407],{},"This means ",[15,63406,13905],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63409,63410,63411,63413],{},"However, this is only a ",[43,63412,12426],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[56,63415,63417],{"className":58,"code":63416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63418,63419,63445,63459,63463,63481,63485,63495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63420,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63422,11661],{"class":71},[65,63424,76],{"class":75},[65,63426,55880],{"class":79},[65,63428,84],{"class":83},[65,63430,87],{"class":79},[65,63432,90],{"class":83},[65,63434,17637],{"class":79},[65,63436,1339],{"class":79},[65,63438,111],{"class":83},[65,63440,87],{"class":79},[65,63442,116],{"class":83},[65,63444,52828],{"class":79},[65,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63448,13886],{"class":71},[65,63450,76],{"class":75},[65,63452,22134],{"class":1259},[65,63454,151],{"class":79},[65,63456,11708],{"class":147},[65,63458,157],{"class":79},[65,63460,63461],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,63462,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,63464,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63466,13905],{"class":71},[65,63468,3469],{"class":79},[65,63470,1688],{"class":83},[65,63472,13124],{"class":79},[65,63474,13127],{"class":147},[65,63476,151],{"class":79},[65,63478,55933],{"class":83},[65,63480,157],{"class":79},[65,63482,63483],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,63484,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,63486,63487,63489,63491,63493],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,63488,164],{"class":163},[65,63490,151],{"class":79},[65,63492,11708],{"class":147},[65,63494,157],{"class":79},[65,63496,63497,63499,63501,63503],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,63498,164],{"class":163},[65,63500,151],{"class":79},[65,63502,13905],{"class":147},[65,63504,157],{"class":79},[20,63506,350],{},[56,63508,63509],{"className":58,"code":55964,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63510,63511,63537],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63512,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63514,55971],{"class":79},[65,63516,84],{"class":83},[65,63518,87],{"class":79},[65,63520,90],{"class":83},[65,63522,87],{"class":79},[65,63524,9774],{"class":83},[65,63526,17637],{"class":79},[65,63528,1339],{"class":79},[65,63530,111],{"class":83},[65,63532,87],{"class":79},[65,63534,116],{"class":83},[65,63536,52828],{"class":79},[65,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63540,55971],{"class":79},[65,63542,84],{"class":83},[65,63544,87],{"class":79},[65,63546,90],{"class":83},[65,63548,87],{"class":79},[65,63550,9774],{"class":83},[65,63552,17637],{"class":79},[65,63554,1339],{"class":79},[65,63556,111],{"class":83},[65,63558,87],{"class":79},[65,63560,116],{"class":83},[65,63562,52828],{"class":79},[20,63564,63565],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63567,63568,63569,144],{},"For more on this, see ",[210,63570,13365],{"href":13364},[51,63572,63574],{"id":63573},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63576,63577,63578,144],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63579,24356],{},[1286,63581,63583],{"id":63582},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[56,63585,63587],{"className":58,"code":63586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63588,63589,63629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63590,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63592,12439],{"class":71},[65,63594,76],{"class":75},[65,63596,80],{"class":79},[65,63598,488],{"class":487},[65,63600,7241],{"class":491},[65,63602,488],{"class":487},[65,63604,191],{"class":79},[65,63606,499],{"class":487},[65,63608,7496],{"class":491},[65,63610,488],{"class":487},[65,63612,87],{"class":79},[65,63614,499],{"class":487},[65,63616,19466],{"class":491},[65,63618,488],{"class":487},[65,63620,191],{"class":79},[65,63622,499],{"class":487},[65,63624,21820],{"class":491},[65,63626,488],{"class":487},[65,63628,98],{"class":79},[65,63630,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63632,164],{"class":163},[65,63634,151],{"class":79},[65,63636,7669],{"class":1259},[65,63638,151],{"class":79},[65,63640,13200],{"class":147},[65,63642,1028],{"class":79},[20,63644,350],{},[56,63646,63648],{"className":58,"code":63647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63649,63650],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63653,3469],{"class":79},[65,63655,594],{"class":487},[65,63657,7241],{"class":491},[65,63659,594],{"class":487},[65,63661,87],{"class":79},[65,63663,603],{"class":487},[65,63665,19466],{"class":491},[65,63667,594],{"class":487},[65,63669,1352],{"class":79},[1286,63671,63673],{"id":63672},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[56,63675,63677],{"className":58,"code":63676,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63678,63679,63719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63680,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63682,12439],{"class":71},[65,63684,76],{"class":75},[65,63686,80],{"class":79},[65,63688,488],{"class":487},[65,63690,7241],{"class":491},[65,63692,488],{"class":487},[65,63694,191],{"class":79},[65,63696,499],{"class":487},[65,63698,7496],{"class":491},[65,63700,488],{"class":487},[65,63702,87],{"class":79},[65,63704,499],{"class":487},[65,63706,19466],{"class":491},[65,63708,488],{"class":487},[65,63710,191],{"class":79},[65,63712,499],{"class":487},[65,63714,21820],{"class":491},[65,63716,488],{"class":487},[65,63718,98],{"class":79},[65,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63722,164],{"class":163},[65,63724,151],{"class":79},[65,63726,7669],{"class":1259},[65,63728,151],{"class":79},[65,63730,13200],{"class":147},[65,63732,144],{"class":79},[65,63734,4928],{"class":147},[65,63736,5859],{"class":79},[20,63738,350],{},[56,63740,63742],{"className":58,"code":63741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63743,63744],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63747,3469],{"class":79},[65,63749,594],{"class":487},[65,63751,7496],{"class":491},[65,63753,594],{"class":487},[65,63755,87],{"class":79},[65,63757,603],{"class":487},[65,63759,21820],{"class":491},[65,63761,594],{"class":487},[65,63763,1352],{"class":79},[1286,63765,63767],{"id":63766},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[56,63769,63771],{"className":58,"code":63770,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63772,63773,63813],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63774,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63776,12439],{"class":71},[65,63778,76],{"class":75},[65,63780,80],{"class":79},[65,63782,488],{"class":487},[65,63784,7241],{"class":491},[65,63786,488],{"class":487},[65,63788,191],{"class":79},[65,63790,499],{"class":487},[65,63792,7496],{"class":491},[65,63794,488],{"class":487},[65,63796,87],{"class":79},[65,63798,499],{"class":487},[65,63800,19466],{"class":491},[65,63802,488],{"class":487},[65,63804,191],{"class":79},[65,63806,499],{"class":487},[65,63808,21820],{"class":491},[65,63810,488],{"class":487},[65,63812,98],{"class":79},[65,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63816,164],{"class":163},[65,63818,151],{"class":79},[65,63820,7669],{"class":1259},[65,63822,151],{"class":79},[65,63824,13200],{"class":147},[65,63826,144],{"class":79},[65,63828,7384],{"class":147},[65,63830,5859],{"class":79},[20,63832,350],{},[56,63834,63836],{"className":58,"code":63835,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63837,63838],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63841,21315],{"class":79},[65,63843,594],{"class":487},[65,63845,7241],{"class":491},[65,63847,594],{"class":487},[65,63849,87],{"class":79},[65,63851,603],{"class":487},[65,63853,7496],{"class":491},[65,63855,594],{"class":487},[65,63857,8812],{"class":79},[65,63859,8815],{"class":79},[65,63861,594],{"class":487},[65,63863,19466],{"class":491},[65,63865,594],{"class":487},[65,63867,87],{"class":79},[65,63869,603],{"class":487},[65,63871,21820],{"class":491},[65,63873,594],{"class":487},[65,63875,8828],{"class":79},[20,63877,63878],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[51,63880,63882],{"id":63881},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63884,1660,63885,10177],{},[15,63886,24356],{},[33,63888,63889,63897,63906],{},[36,63890,63891,63892,214,63894],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63893,52238],{},[15,63895,63896],{},"sort()",[36,63898,63899,63900,214,63902,63905],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63901,35778],{},[15,63903,63904],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,63907,63908],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63910,45624,63911,191],{},[15,63912,63904],{},[56,63914,63916],{"className":58,"code":63915,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63917,63918,63942,63958,63962,63985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63919,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63921,4563],{"class":71},[65,63923,76],{"class":75},[65,63925,1339],{"class":79},[65,63927,488],{"class":487},[65,63929,12456],{"class":491},[65,63931,488],{"class":487},[65,63933,87],{"class":79},[65,63935,499],{"class":487},[65,63937,35520],{"class":491},[65,63939,488],{"class":487},[65,63941,1352],{"class":79},[65,63943,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,63945,4632],{"class":71},[65,63947,76],{"class":75},[65,63949,1339],{"class":79},[65,63951,13076],{"class":83},[65,63953,87],{"class":79},[65,63955,13081],{"class":83},[65,63957,1352],{"class":79},[65,63959,63960],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,63961,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,63963,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63965,8794],{"class":71},[65,63967,76],{"class":75},[65,63969,22134],{"class":1259},[65,63971,151],{"class":79},[65,63973,63974],{"class":163},"zip",[65,63976,151],{"class":79},[65,63978,4607],{"class":147},[65,63980,87],{"class":79},[65,63982,4679],{"class":147},[65,63984,1028],{"class":79},[65,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,63988,164],{"class":163},[65,63990,151],{"class":79},[65,63992,8841],{"class":147},[65,63994,157],{"class":79},[20,63996,350],{},[56,63998,64000],{"className":58,"code":63999,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64001,64002],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64003,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64005,21315],{"class":79},[65,64007,594],{"class":487},[65,64009,12456],{"class":491},[65,64011,594],{"class":487},[65,64013,87],{"class":79},[65,64015,19473],{"class":83},[65,64017,8812],{"class":79},[65,64019,8815],{"class":79},[65,64021,594],{"class":487},[65,64023,35520],{"class":491},[65,64025,594],{"class":487},[65,64027,87],{"class":79},[65,64029,13081],{"class":83},[65,64031,8828],{"class":79},[20,64033,64034,64035,64037,64038,144],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64036,52238],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[210,64039,52635],{"href":52634},[51,64041,1109],{"id":1108},[20,64043,56362,64044,144],{},[15,64045,24356],{},[1286,64047,64049],{"id":64048},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64051,4094],{},[56,64053,64055],{"className":58,"code":64054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64056,64057,64061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64058,64059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64060,4104],{"class":175},[65,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64064,7669],{"class":1259},[65,64066,151],{"class":79},[65,64068,84],{"class":83},[65,64070,87],{"class":79},[65,64072,90],{"class":83},[65,64074,87],{"class":79},[65,64076,95],{"class":83},[65,64078,157],{"class":79},[20,64080,64081,64083],{},[15,64082,24356],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64085,784],{},[56,64087,64089],{"className":58,"code":64088,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64090,64091],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64092,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64094,164],{"class":163},[65,64096,151],{"class":79},[65,64098,7669],{"class":1259},[65,64100,5079],{"class":79},[65,64102,84],{"class":83},[65,64104,87],{"class":79},[65,64106,90],{"class":83},[65,64108,87],{"class":79},[65,64110,95],{"class":83},[65,64112,2478],{"class":79},[1286,64114,64116,64117],{"id":64115},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[65,64118,64119],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64121,64122],{},"This is a common surprise:",[56,64124,64126],{"className":58,"code":64125,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64127,64128],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64129,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64131,164],{"class":163},[65,64133,151],{"class":79},[65,64135,7669],{"class":1259},[65,64137,151],{"class":79},[65,64139,488],{"class":487},[65,64141,3412],{"class":491},[65,64143,488],{"class":487},[65,64145,1028],{"class":79},[20,64147,350],{},[56,64149,64151],{"className":58,"code":64150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64152,64153],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64154,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64156,3469],{"class":79},[65,64158,594],{"class":487},[65,64160,60023],{"class":491},[65,64162,594],{"class":487},[65,64164,87],{"class":79},[65,64166,603],{"class":487},[65,64168,60032],{"class":491},[65,64170,594],{"class":487},[65,64172,87],{"class":79},[65,64174,603],{"class":487},[65,64176,60041],{"class":491},[65,64178,594],{"class":487},[65,64180,87],{"class":79},[65,64182,603],{"class":487},[65,64184,60041],{"class":491},[65,64186,594],{"class":487},[65,64188,87],{"class":79},[65,64190,603],{"class":487},[65,64192,60058],{"class":491},[65,64194,594],{"class":487},[65,64196,1352],{"class":79},[20,64198,64199],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64201,64202],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[56,64204,64206],{"className":58,"code":64205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64207,64208],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64209,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64211,164],{"class":163},[65,64213,2552],{"class":79},[65,64215,488],{"class":487},[65,64217,3412],{"class":491},[65,64219,488],{"class":487},[65,64221,3457],{"class":79},[1286,64223,64225],{"id":64224},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64227,64228],{},"This:",[56,64230,64232],{"className":58,"code":64231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64233,64234,64266],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64235,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64237,8744],{"class":71},[65,64239,76],{"class":75},[65,64241,80],{"class":79},[65,64243,488],{"class":487},[65,64245,210],{"class":491},[65,64247,488],{"class":487},[65,64249,191],{"class":79},[65,64251,5066],{"class":83},[65,64253,87],{"class":79},[65,64255,499],{"class":487},[65,64257,154],{"class":491},[65,64259,488],{"class":487},[65,64261,191],{"class":79},[65,64263,90],{"class":83},[65,64265,98],{"class":79},[65,64267,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64269,164],{"class":163},[65,64271,151],{"class":79},[65,64273,7669],{"class":1259},[65,64275,151],{"class":79},[65,64277,8783],{"class":147},[65,64279,1028],{"class":79},[20,64281,64282],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64284,1660,64285,64288],{},[15,64286,64287],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1286,64290,64292],{"id":64291},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64294,64295,64297],{},[15,64296,24356],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64299,64300],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[51,64302,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,64304,1299,64306,64308],{"id":64305},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[65,64307],{}," and list()?",[20,64310,64311,64312,64314,64315,64317],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64313,3353],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64316,24356],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1286,64319,64321],{"id":64320},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64323,64324,64325,64327],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64326,24356],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1286,64329,64331],{"id":64330},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64333,64334],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1286,64336,64338],{"id":64337},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64340,64341],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1286,64343,64345],{"id":64344},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64347,64348,64349,64351],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64350,24356],{}," cannot loop through it.",[51,64353,1455],{"id":1454},[33,64355,64356,64360,64365,64369,64373,64377,64381,64386],{},[36,64357,64358],{},[210,64359,52357],{"href":50564},[36,64361,64362],{},[210,64363,64364],{"href":35775},"Python range() function explained",[36,64366,64367],{},[210,64368,62802],{"href":62801},[36,64370,64371],{},[210,64372,63134],{"href":63133},[36,64374,64375],{},[210,64376,4785],{"href":5155},[36,64378,64379],{},[210,64380,13365],{"href":13364},[36,64382,64383],{},[210,64384,64385],{"href":52185},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,64387,64388],{},[210,64389,53864],{"href":52634},[1499,64391,64392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":64394},[64395,64396,64397,64398,64399,64406,64407,64408,64413,64414,64421,64429],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":62504,"depth":101,"text":62505},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":59204,"depth":101,"text":59205},{"id":62732,"depth":101,"text":62733,"children":64400},[64401,64402,64403,64404,64405],{"id":62736,"depth":126,"text":62737},{"id":62805,"depth":126,"text":62806},{"id":62883,"depth":126,"text":62884},{"id":62958,"depth":126,"text":62959},{"id":63025,"depth":126,"text":63026},{"id":63137,"depth":101,"text":63138},{"id":63273,"depth":101,"text":63274},{"id":63573,"depth":101,"text":63574,"children":64409},[64410,64411,64412],{"id":63582,"depth":126,"text":63583},{"id":63672,"depth":126,"text":63673},{"id":63766,"depth":126,"text":63767},{"id":63881,"depth":101,"text":63882},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":64415},[64416,64417,64419,64420],{"id":64048,"depth":126,"text":64049},{"id":64115,"depth":126,"text":64418},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64224,"depth":126,"text":64225},{"id":64291,"depth":126,"text":64292},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":64422},[64423,64425,64426,64427,64428],{"id":64305,"depth":126,"text":64424},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64320,"depth":126,"text":64321},{"id":64330,"depth":126,"text":64331},{"id":64337,"depth":126,"text":64338},{"id":64344,"depth":126,"text":64345},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62338,"description":64430},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64437,"title":64438,"body":64439,"description":65789,"extension":1528,"meta":65790,"navigation":129,"path":65791,"seo":65792,"stem":65793,"__hash__":65794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64440,"toc":65763},[64441,64446,64452,64461,64463,64536,64545,64550,64554,64570,64574,64576,64578,64597,64600,64628,64631,64656,64664,64666,64671,64678,64680,64737,64739,64747,64753,64757,64760,64833,64835,64843,64846,64869,64876,64882,64886,64892,64963,64965,64973,64981,64988,64995,65003,65147,65149,65166,65169,65208,65211,65215,65220,65222,65281,65287,65290,65397,65399,65414,65417,65424,65426,65430,65578,65581,65642,65645,65648,65669,65674,65678,65689,65692,65694,65699,65702,65710,65715,65721,65724,65730,65738,65740,65760],[10,64442,53928,64444,18],{"id":64443},"python-list-index-method",[15,64445,58552],{},[20,64447,64448,64451],{},[15,64449,64450],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64453,64454,64455,64458,64459,144],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[43,64456,64457],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64460,40286],{},[51,64462,54],{"id":53},[56,64464,64466],{"className":58,"code":64465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64467,64468,64500,64523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64469,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64471,7353],{"class":71},[65,64473,76],{"class":75},[65,64475,1339],{"class":79},[65,64477,488],{"class":487},[65,64479,3648],{"class":491},[65,64481,488],{"class":487},[65,64483,87],{"class":79},[65,64485,499],{"class":487},[65,64487,3657],{"class":491},[65,64489,488],{"class":487},[65,64491,87],{"class":79},[65,64493,499],{"class":487},[65,64495,3666],{"class":491},[65,64497,488],{"class":487},[65,64499,1352],{"class":79},[65,64501,64502,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64503,64504],{"class":71},"position ",[65,64506,76],{"class":75},[65,64508,5535],{"class":71},[65,64510,144],{"class":79},[65,64512,35425],{"class":147},[65,64514,151],{"class":79},[65,64516,488],{"class":487},[65,64518,3657],{"class":491},[65,64520,488],{"class":487},[65,64522,157],{"class":79},[65,64524,64525,64527,64529,64532,64534],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,64526,164],{"class":163},[65,64528,151],{"class":79},[65,64530,64531],{"class":147},"position",[65,64533,172],{"class":79},[65,64535,27355],{"class":175},[20,64537,1660,64538,64541,64542,64544],{},[15,64539,64540],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64543,40286],{}," if the item is not found.",[51,64546,183,64548,186],{"id":64547},"what-listindex-does",[15,64549,64450],{},[20,64551,64552,191],{},[15,64553,64450],{},[33,64555,64556,64559,64562,64567],{},[36,64557,64558],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,64560,64561],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,64563,64564,64565],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64566,1688],{},[36,64568,64569],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64571,54153,64572,144],{},[210,64573,52357],{"href":54156},[51,64575,222],{"id":221},[20,64577,30300],{},[56,64579,64581],{"className":58,"code":64580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64582,64583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64584,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64586,7915],{"class":71},[65,64588,144],{"class":79},[65,64590,35425],{"class":147},[65,64592,151],{"class":79},[65,64594,2040],{"class":147},[65,64596,157],{"class":79},[20,64598,64599],{},"You can also limit the search:",[56,64601,64603],{"className":58,"code":64602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64604,64605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64606,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64608,7915],{"class":71},[65,64610,144],{"class":79},[65,64612,35425],{"class":147},[65,64614,151],{"class":79},[65,64616,2040],{"class":147},[65,64618,87],{"class":79},[65,64620,35631],{"class":147},[65,64622,87],{"class":79},[65,64624,64625],{"class":147}," end",[65,64627,157],{"class":79},[20,64629,64630],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,64632,64633,64638,64643,64648],{},[36,64634,64635,64637],{},[15,64636,2040],{},": the item to search for",[36,64639,64640,64642],{},[15,64641,35652],{},": where the search begins",[36,64644,64645,64647],{},[15,64646,52246],{},": where the search stops",[36,64649,64650,4351,64652,64655],{},[15,64651,52246],{},[43,64653,64654],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64657,64658,64659,64661,64662,144],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64660,35652],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64663,52246],{},[51,64665,37601],{"id":37600},[20,64667,64668,64670],{},[15,64669,64450],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64672,64673,64674,64677],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[43,64675,64676],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64679,267],{},[56,64681,64683],{"className":58,"code":64682,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64684,64685,64705,64723,64727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64686,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64688,3185],{"class":71},[65,64690,76],{"class":75},[65,64692,1339],{"class":79},[65,64694,1898],{"class":83},[65,64696,87],{"class":79},[65,64698,7364],{"class":83},[65,64700,87],{"class":79},[65,64702,7369],{"class":83},[65,64704,1352],{"class":79},[65,64706,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64708,136],{"class":71},[65,64710,76],{"class":75},[65,64712,3833],{"class":71},[65,64714,144],{"class":79},[65,64716,35425],{"class":147},[65,64718,151],{"class":79},[65,64720,15329],{"class":83},[65,64722,157],{"class":79},[65,64724,64725],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,64726,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,64728,64729,64731,64733,64735],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64730,164],{"class":163},[65,64732,151],{"class":79},[65,64734,169],{"class":147},[65,64736,157],{"class":79},[20,64738,350],{},[56,64740,64741],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,64742,64743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64744,64745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64746,46501],{"class":83},[20,64748,64749,64750,64752],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64751,58552],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[51,64754,64756],{"id":64755},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64758,64759],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[56,64761,64763],{"className":58,"code":64762,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64764,64765,64797,64819,64823],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64766,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64768,35819],{"class":71},[65,64770,76],{"class":75},[65,64772,1339],{"class":79},[65,64774,488],{"class":487},[65,64776,3648],{"class":491},[65,64778,488],{"class":487},[65,64780,87],{"class":79},[65,64782,499],{"class":487},[65,64784,3657],{"class":491},[65,64786,488],{"class":487},[65,64788,87],{"class":79},[65,64790,499],{"class":487},[65,64792,3666],{"class":491},[65,64794,488],{"class":487},[65,64796,1352],{"class":79},[65,64798,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64800,64504],{"class":71},[65,64802,76],{"class":75},[65,64804,52437],{"class":71},[65,64806,144],{"class":79},[65,64808,35425],{"class":147},[65,64810,151],{"class":79},[65,64812,488],{"class":487},[65,64814,3666],{"class":491},[65,64816,488],{"class":487},[65,64818,157],{"class":79},[65,64820,64821],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,64822,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,64824,64825,64827,64829,64831],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64826,164],{"class":163},[65,64828,151],{"class":79},[65,64830,64531],{"class":147},[65,64832,157],{"class":79},[20,64834,350],{},[56,64836,64837],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,64838,64839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64840,64841],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64842,16632],{"class":83},[20,64844,64845],{},"In this list:",[33,64847,64848,64855,64862],{},[36,64849,64850,64852,64853],{},[15,64851,57418],{}," is at index ",[15,64854,1688],{},[36,64856,64857,64852,64860],{},[15,64858,64859],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64861,84],{},[36,64863,64864,64852,64867],{},[15,64865,64866],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64868,1624],{},[20,64870,53239,64871,1965,64874,144],{},[15,64872,64873],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64875,1624],{},[20,64877,51128,64878,144],{},[210,64879,64881],{"href":64880},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[51,64883,64885],{"id":64884},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64887,64888,64889,64891],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64890,58552],{}," returns the first match only.",[56,64893,64895],{"className":58,"code":64894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64896,64897,64937,64941],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64898,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64900,12652],{"class":71},[65,64902,76],{"class":75},[65,64904,1339],{"class":79},[65,64906,488],{"class":487},[65,64908,492],{"class":491},[65,64910,488],{"class":487},[65,64912,87],{"class":79},[65,64914,499],{"class":487},[65,64916,502],{"class":491},[65,64918,488],{"class":487},[65,64920,87],{"class":79},[65,64922,499],{"class":487},[65,64924,492],{"class":491},[65,64926,488],{"class":487},[65,64928,87],{"class":79},[65,64930,499],{"class":487},[65,64932,511],{"class":491},[65,64934,488],{"class":487},[65,64936,1352],{"class":79},[65,64938,64939],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,64940,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,64942,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,64944,164],{"class":163},[65,64946,151],{"class":79},[65,64948,17077],{"class":147},[65,64950,144],{"class":79},[65,64952,35425],{"class":147},[65,64954,151],{"class":79},[65,64956,488],{"class":487},[65,64958,492],{"class":491},[65,64960,488],{"class":487},[65,64962,1028],{"class":79},[20,64964,350],{},[56,64966,64967],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,64968,64969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64970,64971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64972,46836],{"class":83},[20,64974,20553,64975,64977,64978,64980],{},[15,64976,633],{}," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64979,1688],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64982,64983,64984,144],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[210,64985,55106,64986,1474],{"href":58611},[15,64987,56875],{},[51,64989,7994,64991,634,64993],{"id":64990},"using-start-and-end",[15,64992,35652],{},[15,64994,52246],{},[20,64996,64997,64998,634,65000,65002],{},"The optional ",[15,64999,35652],{},[15,65001,52246],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[56,65004,65006],{"className":58,"code":65005,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65007,65008,65056,65060,65085,65114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65009,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65011,35670],{"class":71},[65,65013,76],{"class":75},[65,65015,1339],{"class":79},[65,65017,488],{"class":487},[65,65019,210],{"class":491},[65,65021,488],{"class":487},[65,65023,87],{"class":79},[65,65025,499],{"class":487},[65,65027,154],{"class":491},[65,65029,488],{"class":487},[65,65031,87],{"class":79},[65,65033,499],{"class":487},[65,65035,9317],{"class":491},[65,65037,488],{"class":487},[65,65039,87],{"class":79},[65,65041,499],{"class":487},[65,65043,154],{"class":491},[65,65045,488],{"class":487},[65,65047,87],{"class":79},[65,65049,499],{"class":487},[65,65051,18342],{"class":491},[65,65053,488],{"class":487},[65,65055,1352],{"class":79},[65,65057,65058],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65059,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,65061,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,65063,164],{"class":163},[65,65065,151],{"class":79},[65,65067,35723],{"class":147},[65,65069,144],{"class":79},[65,65071,35425],{"class":147},[65,65073,151],{"class":79},[65,65075,488],{"class":487},[65,65077,154],{"class":491},[65,65079,488],{"class":487},[65,65081,758],{"class":79},[65,65083,65084],{"class":175},"        # first match\n",[65,65086,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65088,164],{"class":163},[65,65090,151],{"class":79},[65,65092,35723],{"class":147},[65,65094,144],{"class":79},[65,65096,35425],{"class":147},[65,65098,151],{"class":79},[65,65100,488],{"class":487},[65,65102,154],{"class":491},[65,65104,488],{"class":487},[65,65106,87],{"class":79},[65,65108,90],{"class":83},[65,65110,758],{"class":79},[65,65112,65113],{"class":175},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[65,65115,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,65117,164],{"class":163},[65,65119,151],{"class":79},[65,65121,35723],{"class":147},[65,65123,144],{"class":79},[65,65125,35425],{"class":147},[65,65127,151],{"class":79},[65,65129,488],{"class":487},[65,65131,154],{"class":491},[65,65133,488],{"class":487},[65,65135,87],{"class":79},[65,65137,5066],{"class":83},[65,65139,87],{"class":79},[65,65141,116],{"class":83},[65,65143,758],{"class":79},[65,65145,65146],{"class":175},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65148,350],{},[56,65150,65152],{"className":58,"code":65151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65153,65154,65158,65162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65155,65156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65157,46501],{"class":83},[65,65159,65160],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65161,46201],{"class":83},[65,65163,65164],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,65165,46501],{"class":83},[20,65167,65168],{},"How this works:",[33,65170,65171,65183,65196],{},[36,65172,65173,65176,65177,65180,65181],{},[15,65174,65175],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65178,65179],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65182,84],{},[36,65184,65185,65188,65189,65191,65192,65180,65194],{},[15,65186,65187],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65190,1624],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65193,65179],{},[15,65195,111],{},[36,65197,65198,65201,65202,1491,65204,1494,65206],{},[15,65199,65200],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65203,84],{},[15,65205,1624],{},[15,65207,111],{},[20,65209,65210],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[51,65212,65214],{"id":65213},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65216,65217,65218,144],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65219,40286],{},[20,65221,267],{},[56,65223,65225],{"className":58,"code":65224,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65226,65227,65259],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65228,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65230,7353],{"class":71},[65,65232,76],{"class":75},[65,65234,1339],{"class":79},[65,65236,488],{"class":487},[65,65238,3648],{"class":491},[65,65240,488],{"class":487},[65,65242,87],{"class":79},[65,65244,499],{"class":487},[65,65246,3657],{"class":491},[65,65248,488],{"class":487},[65,65250,87],{"class":79},[65,65252,499],{"class":487},[65,65254,3666],{"class":491},[65,65256,488],{"class":487},[65,65258,1352],{"class":79},[65,65260,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65262,164],{"class":163},[65,65264,151],{"class":79},[65,65266,7384],{"class":147},[65,65268,144],{"class":79},[65,65270,35425],{"class":147},[65,65272,151],{"class":79},[65,65274,488],{"class":487},[65,65276,32797],{"class":491},[65,65278,488],{"class":487},[65,65280,1028],{"class":79},[20,65282,39235,65283,65286],{},[15,65284,65285],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65288,65289],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[56,65291,65293],{"className":58,"code":65292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65294,65295,65327,65340,65344,65357,65376,65382],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65296,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65298,7353],{"class":71},[65,65300,76],{"class":75},[65,65302,1339],{"class":79},[65,65304,488],{"class":487},[65,65306,3648],{"class":491},[65,65308,488],{"class":487},[65,65310,87],{"class":79},[65,65312,499],{"class":487},[65,65314,3657],{"class":491},[65,65316,488],{"class":487},[65,65318,87],{"class":79},[65,65320,499],{"class":487},[65,65322,3666],{"class":491},[65,65324,488],{"class":487},[65,65326,1352],{"class":79},[65,65328,65329,65332,65334,65336,65338],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65330,65331],{"class":71},"search_value ",[65,65333,76],{"class":75},[65,65335,499],{"class":487},[65,65337,32797],{"class":491},[65,65339,2925],{"class":487},[65,65341,65342],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,65343,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,65345,65346,65348,65351,65353,65355],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65347,6569],{"class":3444},[65,65349,65350],{"class":71}," search_value ",[65,65352,3451],{"class":75},[65,65354,5535],{"class":71},[65,65356,5963],{"class":79},[65,65358,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65374],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,65360,7644],{"class":163},[65,65362,151],{"class":79},[65,65364,7384],{"class":147},[65,65366,144],{"class":79},[65,65368,35425],{"class":147},[65,65370,151],{"class":79},[65,65372,65373],{"class":147},"search_value",[65,65375,1028],{"class":79},[65,65377,65378,65380],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,65379,27009],{"class":3444},[65,65381,5963],{"class":79},[65,65383,65384,65386,65388,65390,65393,65395],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,65385,7644],{"class":163},[65,65387,151],{"class":79},[65,65389,488],{"class":487},[65,65391,65392],{"class":491},"Item not found",[65,65394,488],{"class":487},[65,65396,157],{"class":79},[20,65398,350],{},[56,65400,65402],{"className":58,"code":65401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Item not found\n",[15,65403,65404],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65405,65406,65409,65411],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65407,65408],{"class":71},"Item ",[65,65410,45],{"class":75},[65,65412,65413],{"class":71}," found\n",[20,65415,65416],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65418,65419,65420,144],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,65421,65423],{"href":65422},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[51,65425,1109],{"id":1108},[20,65427,1112,65428,191],{},[15,65429,64450],{},[33,65431,65432,65450,65462,65522],{},[36,65433,25350,65434,1965,65436,65439,65440,65442,65443,4730,65445,65447,65448,144],{},[15,65435,58552],{},[15,65437,65438],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[1123,65441],{},"\nPython does ",[43,65444,45],{},[15,65446,65438],{},". It raises ",[15,65449,40286],{},[36,65451,65452,65453,65455,65458,65459,65461],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[1123,65454],{},[15,65456,65457],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65460,64859],{},", not the value itself.",[36,65463,7994,65464,10667,65467,65469,65471,65472,16231,65474,65497,16219,65499],{},[15,65465,65466],{},"index[]",[15,65468,58552],{},[1123,65470],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[1123,65473],{},[56,65475,65477],{"className":58,"code":65476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65478,65479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65480,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65482,7384],{"class":71},[65,65484,144],{"class":79},[65,65486,35425],{"class":147},[65,65488,151],{"class":79},[65,65490,488],{"class":487},[65,65492,3657],{"class":491},[65,65494,488],{"class":487},[65,65496,157],{"class":79},[1123,65498],{},[56,65500,65502],{"className":58,"code":65501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65503,65504],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65505,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65507,7384],{"class":71},[65,65509,144],{"class":79},[65,65511,35425],{"class":24325},[65,65513,3469],{"class":79},[65,65515,488],{"class":487},[65,65517,3657],{"class":491},[65,65519,488],{"class":487},[65,65521,1352],{"class":79},[36,65523,65524,65525,65527,634,65530,65532,65533],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[1123,65526],{},[15,65528,65529],{},"\"3\"",[15,65531,111],{}," are different values in Python.",[56,65534,65536],{"className":58,"code":65535,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65537,65538,65558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65539,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65541,3185],{"class":71},[65,65543,76],{"class":75},[65,65545,1339],{"class":79},[65,65547,84],{"class":83},[65,65549,87],{"class":79},[65,65551,90],{"class":83},[65,65553,87],{"class":79},[65,65555,95],{"class":83},[65,65557,1352],{"class":79},[65,65559,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65561,164],{"class":163},[65,65563,151],{"class":79},[65,65565,488],{"class":487},[65,65567,111],{"class":491},[65,65569,488],{"class":487},[65,65571,20749],{"class":3444},[65,65573,3833],{"class":147},[65,65575,172],{"class":79},[65,65577,4339],{"class":175},[20,65579,65580],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[56,65582,65584],{"className":58,"code":65583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65585,65586,65596,65610,65624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65587,65588,65590,65592,65594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65589,164],{"class":163},[65,65591,151],{"class":79},[65,65593,7915],{"class":147},[65,65595,157],{"class":79},[65,65597,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65599,164],{"class":163},[65,65601,151],{"class":79},[65,65603,1260],{"class":1259},[65,65605,151],{"class":79},[65,65607,65373],{"class":147},[65,65609,1028],{"class":79},[65,65611,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,65613,164],{"class":163},[65,65615,151],{"class":79},[65,65617,65331],{"class":147},[65,65619,3451],{"class":3444},[65,65621,7972],{"class":147},[65,65623,157],{"class":79},[65,65625,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65627,164],{"class":163},[65,65629,151],{"class":79},[65,65631,7915],{"class":147},[65,65633,144],{"class":79},[65,65635,35425],{"class":147},[65,65637,151],{"class":79},[65,65639,65373],{"class":147},[65,65641,1028],{"class":79},[20,65643,65644],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65646,65647],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,65649,65650,65653,65660,65666],{},[36,65651,65652],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,65654,65655,65656,10667,65658],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65657,65529],{},[15,65659,111],{},[36,65661,65662,65663,65665],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65664,58552],{}," returns only the first one",[36,65667,65668],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[51,65670,4529,65672],{"id":65671},"when-to-use-index",[15,65673,58552],{},[20,65675,1660,65676,10177],{},[15,65677,58552],{},[33,65679,65680,65683,65686],{},[36,65681,65682],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,65684,65685],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,65687,65688],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65690,65691],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[51,65693,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,65695,4711,65697,4714],{"id":65696},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65698,64450],{},[20,65700,65701],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1286,65703,1289,65705,4730,65707,65709],{"id":65704},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65706,64450],{},[15,65708,65438],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65711,65712,65713,6202],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65714,40286],{},[1286,65716,4739,65718,65720],{"id":65717},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65719,64450],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65722,65723],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1286,65725,65727,65728,1304],{"id":65726},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65729,58552],{},[20,65731,65732,65733,634,65735,65737],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65734,35652],{},[15,65736,52246],{}," arguments.",[51,65739,1455],{"id":1454},[33,65741,65742,65746,65750,65754],{},[36,65743,65744],{},[210,65745,58540],{"href":64880},[36,65747,65748],{},[210,65749,52357],{"href":54156},[36,65751,65752],{},[210,65753,65423],{"href":65422},[36,65755,65756],{},[210,65757,55106,65758,1474],{"href":58611},[15,65759,56875],{},[1499,65761,65762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":65764},[65765,65766,65768,65769,65770,65771,65772,65774,65775,65776,65778,65788],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":64547,"depth":101,"text":65767},"What list.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601},{"id":64755,"depth":101,"text":64756},{"id":64884,"depth":101,"text":64885},{"id":64990,"depth":101,"text":65773},"Using start and end",{"id":65213,"depth":101,"text":65214},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109},{"id":65671,"depth":101,"text":65777},"When to use index()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":65779},[65780,65782,65784,65786],{"id":65696,"depth":126,"text":65781},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65704,"depth":126,"text":65783},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65717,"depth":126,"text":65785},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65726,"depth":126,"text":65787},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64438,"description":65789},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65796,"title":65797,"body":65798,"description":67740,"extension":1528,"meta":67741,"navigation":129,"path":67742,"seo":67743,"stem":67744,"__hash__":67745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65799,"toc":67700},[65800,65805,65810,65813,65822,65879,65885,65890,65894,65908,65914,65916,65939,65956,65958,66019,66021,66053,66066,66068,66071,66171,66173,66251,66257,66261,66269,66273,66279,66334,66336,66360,66364,66367,66420,66422,66446,66450,66453,66506,66508,66532,66536,66542,66613,66615,66656,66662,66669,66672,66677,66685,66690,66698,66700,66797,66799,66868,66875,66880,66882,66886,66891,66893,66964,66966,66995,67001,67003,67030,67033,67056,67060,67063,67085,67088,67111,67113,67173,67175,67207,67213,67218,67271,67273,67298,67301,67350,67352,67373,67377,67382,67385,67440,67442,67469,67476,67480,67485,67556,67559,67573,67578,67583,67585,67599,67611,67616,67618,67623,67628,67632,67635,67641,67647,67654,67662,67664,67697],[10,65801,53928,65803,18],{"id":65802},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65804,53854],{},[20,65806,65807,65809],{},[15,65808,53497],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65811,65812],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65814,1660,65815,65817,65818,144],{},[15,65816,53854],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[210,65819,55106,65820,1474],{"href":56355},[15,65821,52238],{},[56,65823,65825],{"className":58,"code":65824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65826,65827,65847,65865,65875],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65828,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65830,3185],{"class":71},[65,65832,76],{"class":75},[65,65834,1339],{"class":79},[65,65836,84],{"class":83},[65,65838,87],{"class":79},[65,65840,90],{"class":83},[65,65842,87],{"class":79},[65,65844,116],{"class":83},[65,65846,1352],{"class":79},[65,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65850,3215],{"class":71},[65,65852,144],{"class":79},[65,65854,53537],{"class":147},[65,65856,151],{"class":79},[65,65858,1624],{"class":83},[65,65860,87],{"class":79},[65,65862,95],{"class":83},[65,65864,157],{"class":79},[65,65866,65867,65869,65871,65873],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,65868,164],{"class":163},[65,65870,151],{"class":79},[65,65872,3215],{"class":147},[65,65874,157],{"class":79},[65,65876,65877],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65878,52309],{"class":175},[20,65880,1660,65881,65884],{},[15,65882,65883],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[51,65886,183,65888,186],{"id":65887},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65889,53497],{},[20,65891,65892,191],{},[15,65893,53497],{},[33,65895,65896,65899,65902,65904],{},[36,65897,65898],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,65900,65901],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,65903,54014],{},[36,65905,10999,65906],{},[15,65907,3344],{},[20,65909,65910,65911,65913],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65912,53854],{}," does not create a new list.",[51,65915,5000],{"id":4999},[56,65917,65919],{"className":58,"code":65918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65920,65921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65922,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65924,7915],{"class":71},[65,65926,144],{"class":79},[65,65928,53537],{"class":147},[65,65930,151],{"class":79},[65,65932,35425],{"class":147},[65,65934,87],{"class":79},[65,65936,29082],{"class":147},[65,65938,157],{"class":79},[33,65940,65941,65946,65951],{},[36,65942,65943,65945],{},[15,65944,35425],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,65947,65948,65950],{},[15,65949,22885],{}," is the value to add",[36,65952,65953,65954],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65955,1688],{},[20,65957,267],{},[56,65959,65961],{"className":58,"code":65960,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65962,65963,65987,66009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65964,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65966,35670],{"class":71},[65,65968,76],{"class":75},[65,65970,1339],{"class":79},[65,65972,488],{"class":487},[65,65974,210],{"class":491},[65,65976,488],{"class":487},[65,65978,87],{"class":79},[65,65980,499],{"class":487},[65,65982,9317],{"class":491},[65,65984,488],{"class":487},[65,65986,1352],{"class":79},[65,65988,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,65990,35723],{"class":71},[65,65992,144],{"class":79},[65,65994,53537],{"class":147},[65,65996,151],{"class":79},[65,65998,84],{"class":83},[65,66000,87],{"class":79},[65,66002,499],{"class":487},[65,66004,154],{"class":491},[65,66006,488],{"class":487},[65,66008,157],{"class":79},[65,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66012,164],{"class":163},[65,66014,151],{"class":79},[65,66016,35723],{"class":147},[65,66018,157],{"class":79},[20,66020,350],{},[56,66022,66023],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66024,66025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66026,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66028,3469],{"class":79},[65,66030,594],{"class":487},[65,66032,210],{"class":491},[65,66034,594],{"class":487},[65,66036,87],{"class":79},[65,66038,603],{"class":487},[65,66040,154],{"class":491},[65,66042,594],{"class":487},[65,66044,87],{"class":79},[65,66046,603],{"class":487},[65,66048,9317],{"class":491},[65,66050,594],{"class":487},[65,66052,1352],{"class":79},[20,66054,20346,66055,66057,66058,66060,66061,634,66063,144],{},[15,66056,65179],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66059,84],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66062,17671],{},[15,66064,66065],{},"\"c\"",[51,66067,5356],{"id":5355},[20,66069,66070],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[56,66072,66074],{"className":58,"code":66073,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66075,66076,66108,66126,66130,66152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66077,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66079,12652],{"class":71},[65,66081,76],{"class":75},[65,66083,1339],{"class":79},[65,66085,488],{"class":487},[65,66087,492],{"class":491},[65,66089,488],{"class":487},[65,66091,87],{"class":79},[65,66093,499],{"class":487},[65,66095,502],{"class":491},[65,66097,488],{"class":487},[65,66099,87],{"class":79},[65,66101,499],{"class":487},[65,66103,511],{"class":491},[65,66105,488],{"class":487},[65,66107,1352],{"class":79},[65,66109,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66111,164],{"class":163},[65,66113,151],{"class":79},[65,66115,488],{"class":487},[65,66117,11138],{"class":491},[65,66119,488],{"class":487},[65,66121,87],{"class":79},[65,66123,12698],{"class":147},[65,66125,157],{"class":79},[65,66127,66128],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66129,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,66131,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66133,17077],{"class":71},[65,66135,144],{"class":79},[65,66137,53537],{"class":147},[65,66139,151],{"class":79},[65,66141,84],{"class":83},[65,66143,87],{"class":79},[65,66145,499],{"class":487},[65,66147,537],{"class":491},[65,66149,488],{"class":487},[65,66151,157],{"class":79},[65,66153,66154,66156,66158,66160,66163,66165,66167,66169],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,66155,164],{"class":163},[65,66157,151],{"class":79},[65,66159,488],{"class":487},[65,66161,66162],{"class":491},"After: ",[65,66164,488],{"class":487},[65,66166,87],{"class":79},[65,66168,12698],{"class":147},[65,66170,157],{"class":79},[20,66172,350],{},[56,66174,66176],{"className":58,"code":66175,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66177,66178,66210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66181,11198],{"class":71},[65,66183,191],{"class":79},[65,66185,1339],{"class":79},[65,66187,594],{"class":487},[65,66189,492],{"class":491},[65,66191,594],{"class":487},[65,66193,87],{"class":79},[65,66195,603],{"class":487},[65,66197,502],{"class":491},[65,66199,594],{"class":487},[65,66201,87],{"class":79},[65,66203,603],{"class":487},[65,66205,511],{"class":491},[65,66207,594],{"class":487},[65,66209,1352],{"class":79},[65,66211,66212,66214,66216,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66213,11251],{"class":71},[65,66215,191],{"class":79},[65,66217,66218],{"class":79},"  [",[65,66220,594],{"class":487},[65,66222,492],{"class":491},[65,66224,594],{"class":487},[65,66226,87],{"class":79},[65,66228,603],{"class":487},[65,66230,537],{"class":491},[65,66232,594],{"class":487},[65,66234,87],{"class":79},[65,66236,603],{"class":487},[65,66238,502],{"class":491},[65,66240,594],{"class":487},[65,66242,87],{"class":79},[65,66244,603],{"class":487},[65,66246,511],{"class":491},[65,66248,594],{"class":487},[65,66250,1352],{"class":79},[20,66252,66253,66254,66256],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66255,84],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[51,66258,66260],{"id":66259},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66262,1545,66263,34908,66265,66268],{},[15,66264,35425],{},[15,66266,66267],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1286,66270,66272],{"id":66271},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66274,66275,66276,66278],{},"Use index ",[15,66277,1688],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[56,66280,66282],{"className":58,"code":66281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66283,66284,66305,66324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66285,66286,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66287,66288],{"class":71},"nums ",[65,66290,76],{"class":75},[65,66292,1339],{"class":79},[65,66294,1624],{"class":83},[65,66296,87],{"class":79},[65,66298,95],{"class":83},[65,66300,87],{"class":79},[65,66302,116],{"class":83},[65,66304,1352],{"class":79},[65,66306,66307,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66308,66309],{"class":71},"nums",[65,66311,144],{"class":79},[65,66313,53537],{"class":147},[65,66315,151],{"class":79},[65,66317,1688],{"class":83},[65,66319,87],{"class":79},[65,66321,5066],{"class":83},[65,66323,157],{"class":79},[65,66325,66326,66328,66330,66332],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66327,164],{"class":163},[65,66329,151],{"class":79},[65,66331,66309],{"class":147},[65,66333,157],{"class":79},[20,66335,350],{},[56,66337,66338],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66339,66340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66341,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66343,3469],{"class":79},[65,66345,84],{"class":83},[65,66347,87],{"class":79},[65,66349,90],{"class":83},[65,66351,87],{"class":79},[65,66353,95],{"class":83},[65,66355,87],{"class":79},[65,66357,116],{"class":83},[65,66359,1352],{"class":79},[1286,66361,66363],{"id":66362},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66365,66366],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[56,66368,66370],{"className":58,"code":66369,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66371,66372,66392,66410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66373,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66375,66288],{"class":71},[65,66377,76],{"class":75},[65,66379,1339],{"class":79},[65,66381,84],{"class":83},[65,66383,87],{"class":79},[65,66385,90],{"class":83},[65,66387,87],{"class":79},[65,66389,116],{"class":83},[65,66391,1352],{"class":79},[65,66393,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66395,66309],{"class":71},[65,66397,144],{"class":79},[65,66399,53537],{"class":147},[65,66401,151],{"class":79},[65,66403,1624],{"class":83},[65,66405,87],{"class":79},[65,66407,95],{"class":83},[65,66409,157],{"class":79},[65,66411,66412,66414,66416,66418],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66413,164],{"class":163},[65,66415,151],{"class":79},[65,66417,66309],{"class":147},[65,66419,157],{"class":79},[20,66421,350],{},[56,66423,66424],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66425,66426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66427,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66429,3469],{"class":79},[65,66431,84],{"class":83},[65,66433,87],{"class":79},[65,66435,90],{"class":83},[65,66437,87],{"class":79},[65,66439,95],{"class":83},[65,66441,87],{"class":79},[65,66443,116],{"class":83},[65,66445,1352],{"class":79},[1286,66447,66449],{"id":66448},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66451,66452],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[56,66454,66456],{"className":58,"code":66455,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66457,66458,66478,66496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66459,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66461,66288],{"class":71},[65,66463,76],{"class":75},[65,66465,1339],{"class":79},[65,66467,84],{"class":83},[65,66469,87],{"class":79},[65,66471,90],{"class":83},[65,66473,87],{"class":79},[65,66475,95],{"class":83},[65,66477,1352],{"class":79},[65,66479,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66481,66309],{"class":71},[65,66483,144],{"class":79},[65,66485,53537],{"class":147},[65,66487,151],{"class":79},[65,66489,1898],{"class":83},[65,66491,87],{"class":79},[65,66493,116],{"class":83},[65,66495,157],{"class":79},[65,66497,66498,66500,66502,66504],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66499,164],{"class":163},[65,66501,151],{"class":79},[65,66503,66309],{"class":147},[65,66505,157],{"class":79},[20,66507,350],{},[56,66509,66510],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66511,66512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66515,3469],{"class":79},[65,66517,84],{"class":83},[65,66519,87],{"class":79},[65,66521,90],{"class":83},[65,66523,87],{"class":79},[65,66525,95],{"class":83},[65,66527,87],{"class":79},[65,66529,116],{"class":83},[65,66531,1352],{"class":79},[1286,66533,66535],{"id":66534},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66537,66538,66539,66541],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66540,53854],{}," places the item before that position.",[56,66543,66545],{"className":58,"code":66544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66546,66547,66579,66603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66548,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66550,35670],{"class":71},[65,66552,76],{"class":75},[65,66554,1339],{"class":79},[65,66556,488],{"class":487},[65,66558,210],{"class":491},[65,66560,488],{"class":487},[65,66562,87],{"class":79},[65,66564,499],{"class":487},[65,66566,154],{"class":491},[65,66568,488],{"class":487},[65,66570,87],{"class":79},[65,66572,499],{"class":487},[65,66574,18342],{"class":491},[65,66576,488],{"class":487},[65,66578,1352],{"class":79},[65,66580,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66582,35723],{"class":71},[65,66584,144],{"class":79},[65,66586,53537],{"class":147},[65,66588,151],{"class":79},[65,66590,1589],{"class":75},[65,66592,84],{"class":83},[65,66594,87],{"class":79},[65,66596,499],{"class":487},[65,66598,9317],{"class":491},[65,66600,488],{"class":487},[65,66602,157],{"class":79},[65,66604,66605,66607,66609,66611],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66606,164],{"class":163},[65,66608,151],{"class":79},[65,66610,35723],{"class":147},[65,66612,157],{"class":79},[20,66614,350],{},[56,66616,66618],{"className":58,"code":66617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66619,66620],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66623,3469],{"class":79},[65,66625,594],{"class":487},[65,66627,210],{"class":491},[65,66629,594],{"class":487},[65,66631,87],{"class":79},[65,66633,603],{"class":487},[65,66635,154],{"class":491},[65,66637,594],{"class":487},[65,66639,87],{"class":79},[65,66641,603],{"class":487},[65,66643,9317],{"class":491},[65,66645,594],{"class":487},[65,66647,87],{"class":79},[65,66649,603],{"class":487},[65,66651,18342],{"class":491},[65,66653,594],{"class":487},[65,66655,1352],{"class":79},[20,66657,66658,66659,1871],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[210,66660,66661],{"href":50564},"Python lists beginner guide",[51,66663,66665,657,66667],{"id":66664},"insert-vs-append",[15,66666,53854],{},[15,66668,52238],{},[20,66670,66671],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1286,66673,1660,66675,10177],{"id":66674},"use-insert-when",[15,66676,53854],{},[33,66678,66679,66682],{},[36,66680,66681],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,66683,66684],{},"The order of the list matters",[1286,66686,1660,66688,10177],{"id":66687},"use-append-when",[15,66689,52238],{},[33,66691,66692,66695],{},[36,66693,66694],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,66696,66697],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66699,267],{},[56,66701,66703],{"className":58,"code":66702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66704,66705,66729,66733,66755,66765,66769,66787],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66706,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66708,7353],{"class":71},[65,66710,76],{"class":75},[65,66712,1339],{"class":79},[65,66714,488],{"class":487},[65,66716,3648],{"class":491},[65,66718,488],{"class":487},[65,66720,87],{"class":79},[65,66722,499],{"class":487},[65,66724,32797],{"class":491},[65,66726,488],{"class":487},[65,66728,1352],{"class":79},[65,66730,66731],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66732,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,66734,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66736,7384],{"class":71},[65,66738,144],{"class":79},[65,66740,53537],{"class":147},[65,66742,151],{"class":79},[65,66744,84],{"class":83},[65,66746,87],{"class":79},[65,66748,499],{"class":487},[65,66750,3657],{"class":491},[65,66752,488],{"class":487},[65,66754,157],{"class":79},[65,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66758,164],{"class":163},[65,66760,151],{"class":79},[65,66762,7384],{"class":147},[65,66764,157],{"class":79},[65,66766,66767],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,66768,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,66770,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,66772,7384],{"class":71},[65,66774,144],{"class":79},[65,66776,13127],{"class":147},[65,66778,151],{"class":79},[65,66780,488],{"class":487},[65,66782,22107],{"class":491},[65,66784,488],{"class":487},[65,66786,157],{"class":79},[65,66788,66789,66791,66793,66795],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,66790,164],{"class":163},[65,66792,151],{"class":79},[65,66794,7384],{"class":147},[65,66796,157],{"class":79},[20,66798,350],{},[56,66800,66802],{"className":58,"code":66801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66803,66804,66832],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66805,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66807,3469],{"class":79},[65,66809,594],{"class":487},[65,66811,3648],{"class":491},[65,66813,594],{"class":487},[65,66815,87],{"class":79},[65,66817,603],{"class":487},[65,66819,3657],{"class":491},[65,66821,594],{"class":487},[65,66823,87],{"class":79},[65,66825,603],{"class":487},[65,66827,32797],{"class":491},[65,66829,594],{"class":487},[65,66831,1352],{"class":79},[65,66833,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66835,3469],{"class":79},[65,66837,594],{"class":487},[65,66839,3648],{"class":491},[65,66841,594],{"class":487},[65,66843,87],{"class":79},[65,66845,603],{"class":487},[65,66847,3657],{"class":491},[65,66849,594],{"class":487},[65,66851,87],{"class":79},[65,66853,603],{"class":487},[65,66855,32797],{"class":491},[65,66857,594],{"class":487},[65,66859,87],{"class":79},[65,66861,603],{"class":487},[65,66863,22107],{"class":491},[65,66865,594],{"class":487},[65,66867,1352],{"class":79},[20,66869,66870,66871,144],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[210,66872,55106,66873,1474],{"href":56355},[15,66874,52238],{},[20,66876,66877,66878,144],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[210,66879,52635],{"href":52634},[51,66881,1109],{"id":1108},[20,66883,14308,66884,144],{},[15,66885,53854],{},[1286,66887,12170,66889],{"id":66888},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66890,53854],{},[20,66892,25266],{},[56,66894,66896],{"className":58,"code":66895,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66897,66898,66918,66940,66944,66954],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66899,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66901,3185],{"class":71},[65,66903,76],{"class":75},[65,66905,1339],{"class":79},[65,66907,84],{"class":83},[65,66909,87],{"class":79},[65,66911,90],{"class":83},[65,66913,87],{"class":79},[65,66915,95],{"class":83},[65,66917,1352],{"class":79},[65,66919,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66921,136],{"class":71},[65,66923,76],{"class":75},[65,66925,3833],{"class":71},[65,66927,144],{"class":79},[65,66929,53537],{"class":147},[65,66931,151],{"class":79},[65,66933,84],{"class":83},[65,66935,87],{"class":79},[65,66937,9774],{"class":83},[65,66939,157],{"class":79},[65,66941,66942],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,66943,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,66945,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66947,164],{"class":163},[65,66949,151],{"class":79},[65,66951,169],{"class":147},[65,66953,157],{"class":79},[65,66955,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,66957,164],{"class":163},[65,66959,151],{"class":79},[65,66961,3215],{"class":147},[65,66963,157],{"class":79},[20,66965,350],{},[56,66967,66969],{"className":58,"code":66968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66970,66971,66975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66972,66973],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66974,11383],{"class":3419},[65,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,66978,3469],{"class":79},[65,66980,84],{"class":83},[65,66982,87],{"class":79},[65,66984,9774],{"class":83},[65,66986,87],{"class":79},[65,66988,90],{"class":83},[65,66990,87],{"class":79},[65,66992,95],{"class":83},[65,66994,1352],{"class":79},[20,66996,66997,53739,66999,144],{},[15,66998,53854],{},[15,67000,3344],{},[20,67002,16219],{},[56,67004,67006],{"className":58,"code":67005,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67007,67008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67009,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67011,55476],{"class":71},[65,67013,76],{"class":75},[65,67015,3833],{"class":71},[65,67017,144],{"class":79},[65,67019,53537],{"class":147},[65,67021,151],{"class":79},[65,67023,84],{"class":83},[65,67025,87],{"class":79},[65,67027,9774],{"class":83},[65,67029,157],{"class":79},[20,67031,67032],{},"Right:",[56,67034,67036],{"className":58,"code":67035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67037,67038],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67039,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67041,3215],{"class":71},[65,67043,144],{"class":79},[65,67045,53537],{"class":147},[65,67047,151],{"class":79},[65,67049,84],{"class":83},[65,67051,87],{"class":79},[65,67053,9774],{"class":83},[65,67055,157],{"class":79},[1286,67057,67059],{"id":67058},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67061,67062],{},"The correct order is:",[56,67064,67065],{"className":58,"code":65918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67066,67067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67068,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67070,7915],{"class":71},[65,67072,144],{"class":79},[65,67074,53537],{"class":147},[65,67076,151],{"class":79},[65,67078,35425],{"class":147},[65,67080,87],{"class":79},[65,67082,29082],{"class":147},[65,67084,157],{"class":79},[20,67086,67087],{},"Not:",[56,67089,67091],{"className":58,"code":67090,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67092,67093],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67094,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67096,7915],{"class":71},[65,67098,144],{"class":79},[65,67100,53537],{"class":147},[65,67102,151],{"class":79},[65,67104,22885],{"class":147},[65,67106,87],{"class":79},[65,67108,35400],{"class":147},[65,67110,157],{"class":79},[20,67112,267],{},[56,67114,67115],{"className":58,"code":65960,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67116,67117,67141,67163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67118,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67120,35670],{"class":71},[65,67122,76],{"class":75},[65,67124,1339],{"class":79},[65,67126,488],{"class":487},[65,67128,210],{"class":491},[65,67130,488],{"class":487},[65,67132,87],{"class":79},[65,67134,499],{"class":487},[65,67136,9317],{"class":491},[65,67138,488],{"class":487},[65,67140,1352],{"class":79},[65,67142,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67144,35723],{"class":71},[65,67146,144],{"class":79},[65,67148,53537],{"class":147},[65,67150,151],{"class":79},[65,67152,84],{"class":83},[65,67154,87],{"class":79},[65,67156,499],{"class":487},[65,67158,154],{"class":491},[65,67160,488],{"class":487},[65,67162,157],{"class":79},[65,67164,67165,67167,67169,67171],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67166,164],{"class":163},[65,67168,151],{"class":79},[65,67170,35723],{"class":147},[65,67172,157],{"class":79},[20,67174,350],{},[56,67176,67177],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67178,67179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67182,3469],{"class":79},[65,67184,594],{"class":487},[65,67186,210],{"class":491},[65,67188,594],{"class":487},[65,67190,87],{"class":79},[65,67192,603],{"class":487},[65,67194,154],{"class":491},[65,67196,594],{"class":487},[65,67198,87],{"class":79},[65,67200,603],{"class":487},[65,67202,9317],{"class":491},[65,67204,594],{"class":487},[65,67206,1352],{"class":79},[1286,67208,8030,67210,67212],{"id":67209},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67211,53854],{}," to replace an item",[20,67214,67215,67217],{},[15,67216,53854],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[56,67219,67221],{"className":58,"code":67220,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67222,67223,67243,67261],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67224,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67226,3185],{"class":71},[65,67228,76],{"class":75},[65,67230,1339],{"class":79},[65,67232,84],{"class":83},[65,67234,87],{"class":79},[65,67236,90],{"class":83},[65,67238,87],{"class":79},[65,67240,95],{"class":83},[65,67242,1352],{"class":79},[65,67244,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67246,3215],{"class":71},[65,67248,144],{"class":79},[65,67250,53537],{"class":147},[65,67252,151],{"class":79},[65,67254,84],{"class":83},[65,67256,87],{"class":79},[65,67258,9774],{"class":83},[65,67260,157],{"class":79},[65,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67264,164],{"class":163},[65,67266,151],{"class":79},[65,67268,3215],{"class":147},[65,67270,157],{"class":79},[20,67272,350],{},[56,67274,67276],{"className":58,"code":67275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67277,67278],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67281,3469],{"class":79},[65,67283,84],{"class":83},[65,67285,87],{"class":79},[65,67287,9774],{"class":83},[65,67289,87],{"class":79},[65,67291,90],{"class":83},[65,67293,87],{"class":79},[65,67295,95],{"class":83},[65,67297,1352],{"class":79},[20,67299,67300],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[56,67302,67304],{"className":58,"code":67303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67305,67306,67326,67340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67309,3185],{"class":71},[65,67311,76],{"class":75},[65,67313,1339],{"class":79},[65,67315,84],{"class":83},[65,67317,87],{"class":79},[65,67319,90],{"class":83},[65,67321,87],{"class":79},[65,67323,95],{"class":83},[65,67325,1352],{"class":79},[65,67327,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67329,3215],{"class":71},[65,67331,3469],{"class":79},[65,67333,84],{"class":83},[65,67335,12848],{"class":79},[65,67337,12851],{"class":75},[65,67339,13705],{"class":83},[65,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67343,164],{"class":163},[65,67345,151],{"class":79},[65,67347,3215],{"class":147},[65,67349,157],{"class":79},[20,67351,350],{},[56,67353,67355],{"className":58,"code":67354,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67356,67357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67358,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67360,3469],{"class":79},[65,67362,84],{"class":83},[65,67364,87],{"class":79},[65,67366,9774],{"class":83},[65,67368,87],{"class":79},[65,67370,95],{"class":83},[65,67372,1352],{"class":79},[1286,67374,67376],{"id":67375},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67378,67379,67381],{},[15,67380,53854],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67383,67384],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[56,67386,67388],{"className":58,"code":67387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67389,67390,67406,67430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67391,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67393,3185],{"class":71},[65,67395,76],{"class":75},[65,67397,1339],{"class":79},[65,67399,84],{"class":83},[65,67401,87],{"class":79},[65,67403,116],{"class":83},[65,67405,1352],{"class":79},[65,67407,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67409,3215],{"class":71},[65,67411,144],{"class":79},[65,67413,53537],{"class":147},[65,67415,151],{"class":79},[65,67417,84],{"class":83},[65,67419,87],{"class":79},[65,67421,1339],{"class":79},[65,67423,1624],{"class":83},[65,67425,87],{"class":79},[65,67427,95],{"class":83},[65,67429,3457],{"class":79},[65,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67433,164],{"class":163},[65,67435,151],{"class":79},[65,67437,3215],{"class":147},[65,67439,157],{"class":79},[20,67441,350],{},[56,67443,67445],{"className":58,"code":67444,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67446,67447],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67448,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67450,3469],{"class":79},[65,67452,84],{"class":83},[65,67454,87],{"class":79},[65,67456,1339],{"class":79},[65,67458,1624],{"class":83},[65,67460,87],{"class":79},[65,67462,95],{"class":83},[65,67464,17637],{"class":79},[65,67466,116],{"class":83},[65,67468,1352],{"class":79},[20,67470,67471,67472,144],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[210,67473,55106,67474,1474],{"href":52930},[15,67475,53032],{},[1286,67477,67479],{"id":67478},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67481,8453,67482,67484],{},[15,67483,53854],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[56,67486,67488],{"className":58,"code":67487,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67489,67490,67500,67514,67532,67546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67493,164],{"class":163},[65,67495,151],{"class":79},[65,67497,7915],{"class":147},[65,67499,157],{"class":79},[65,67501,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67503,164],{"class":163},[65,67505,151],{"class":79},[65,67507,10737],{"class":163},[65,67509,151],{"class":79},[65,67511,7915],{"class":147},[65,67513,1028],{"class":79},[65,67515,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67517,164],{"class":163},[65,67519,151],{"class":79},[65,67521,7915],{"class":147},[65,67523,144],{"class":79},[65,67525,53537],{"class":24325},[65,67527,144],{"class":79},[65,67529,34023],{"class":34030},[65,67531,157],{"class":79},[65,67533,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67535,31728],{"class":163},[65,67537,151],{"class":79},[65,67539,7669],{"class":1259},[65,67541,144],{"class":79},[65,67543,53537],{"class":24325},[65,67545,157],{"class":79},[65,67547,67548,67550,67552,67554],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,67549,1260],{"class":1259},[65,67551,151],{"class":79},[65,67553,7915],{"class":147},[65,67555,157],{"class":79},[20,67557,67558],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,67560,67561,67564,67567,67570],{},[36,67562,67563],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,67565,67566],{},"How long the list is",[36,67568,67569],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,67571,67572],{},"How Python describes the method",[51,67574,4529,67576],{"id":67575},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67577,53854],{},[20,67579,1660,67580,67582],{},[15,67581,53854],{}," when position matters.",[20,67584,36006],{},[33,67586,67587,67590,67593,67596],{},[36,67588,67589],{},"Ordered menus",[36,67591,67592],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,67594,67595],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,67597,67598],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67600,67601,67602,67604,67605,67607,67608,67610],{},"You usually do ",[43,67603,45],{}," need ",[15,67606,53854],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67609,52238],{}," is simpler.",[20,67612,67613,67614,144],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[210,67615,56740],{"href":56739},[51,67617,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,67619,1289,67621,55055],{"id":67620},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67622,53497],{},[20,67624,67625,67626,144],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67627,3344],{},[1286,67629,67631],{"id":67630},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67633,67634],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1286,67636,4739,67638,67640],{"id":67637},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67639,53497],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67642,67643,67644,67646],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67645,53032],{}," or slicing.",[1286,67648,1299,67650,634,67652,1304],{"id":67649},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67651,53854],{},[15,67653,52238],{},[20,67655,67656,67658,67659,67661],{},[15,67657,53854],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67660,52238],{}," adds only at the end.",[51,67663,1455],{"id":1454},[33,67665,67666,67672,67678,67682,67686,67690],{},[36,67667,67668],{},[210,67669,55106,67670,1474],{"href":56355},[15,67671,52238],{},[36,67673,67674],{},[210,67675,55106,67676,1474],{"href":52930},[15,67677,53032],{},[36,67679,67680],{},[210,67681,53864],{"href":52634},[36,67683,67684],{},[210,67685,52357],{"href":50564},[36,67687,67688],{},[210,67689,56814],{"href":56739},[36,67691,67692],{},[210,67693,29922,67694,33210],{"href":53882},[15,67695,67696],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1499,67698,67699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":67701},[67702,67704,67705,67706,67712,67719,67728,67730,67739],{"id":65887,"depth":101,"text":67703},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000},{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":66259,"depth":101,"text":66260,"children":67707},[67708,67709,67710,67711],{"id":66271,"depth":126,"text":66272},{"id":66362,"depth":126,"text":66363},{"id":66448,"depth":126,"text":66449},{"id":66534,"depth":126,"text":66535},{"id":66664,"depth":101,"text":67713,"children":67714},"insert() vs append()",[67715,67717],{"id":66674,"depth":126,"text":67716},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66687,"depth":126,"text":67718},"Use append() when:",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":67720},[67721,67723,67724,67726,67727],{"id":66888,"depth":126,"text":67722},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67058,"depth":126,"text":67059},{"id":67209,"depth":126,"text":67725},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67375,"depth":126,"text":67376},{"id":67478,"depth":126,"text":67479},{"id":67575,"depth":101,"text":67729},"When to use insert()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":67731},[67732,67734,67735,67737],{"id":67620,"depth":126,"text":67733},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67630,"depth":126,"text":67631},{"id":67637,"depth":126,"text":67736},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67649,"depth":126,"text":67738},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65797,"description":67740},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67747,"title":67748,"body":67749,"description":69304,"extension":1528,"meta":69305,"navigation":129,"path":58557,"seo":69306,"stem":69307,"__hash__":69308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67750,"toc":69277},[67751,67757,67766,67815,67817,67825,67831,67833,67851,67857,67862,67865,67868,67883,67885,67937,67939,67947,67955,67962,67964,67970,68035,68037,68045,68047,68066,68069,68120,68124,68129,68156,68158,68166,68169,68238,68240,68255,68261,68265,68274,68277,68332,68334,68342,68345,68347,68392,68394,68402,68408,68410,68418,68421,68423,68462,68464,68503,68508,68510,68512,68547,68550,68552,68590,68594,68600,68602,68653,68655,68663,68670,68673,68694,68697,68752,68763,68765,68826,68828,68837,68844,68850,68853,68856,68913,68916,68929,68936,68942,68948,68950,68963,68966,69063,69065,69082,69085,69167,69169,69191,69198,69204,69206,69210,69216,69222,69227,69231,69234,69240,69247,69249,69274],[10,67752,67754,67755,172],{"id":67753},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67756,10737],{},[20,67758,67759,67760,67762,67763,67765],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67761,41944],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67764,41944],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[56,67767,67769],{"className":58,"code":67768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67770,67771,67791,67805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67772,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67774,3185],{"class":71},[65,67776,76],{"class":75},[65,67778,1339],{"class":79},[65,67780,1898],{"class":83},[65,67782,87],{"class":79},[65,67784,7364],{"class":83},[65,67786,87],{"class":79},[65,67788,7369],{"class":83},[65,67790,1352],{"class":79},[65,67792,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67794,40824],{"class":71},[65,67796,76],{"class":75},[65,67798,37967],{"class":163},[65,67800,151],{"class":79},[65,67802,3215],{"class":147},[65,67804,157],{"class":79},[65,67806,67807,67809,67811,67813],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,67808,164],{"class":163},[65,67810,151],{"class":79},[65,67812,40842],{"class":147},[65,67814,157],{"class":79},[20,67816,350],{},[56,67818,67819],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67820,67821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67822,67823],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67824,46201],{"class":83},[20,67826,1660,67827,67830],{},[15,67828,67829],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[51,67832,14738],{"id":14737},[33,67834,67835,67840,67845,67848],{},[36,67836,3768,67837,67839],{},[15,67838,41944],{}," works with Python lists",[36,67841,67842,67843,11280],{},"What value ",[15,67844,41944],{},[36,67846,67847],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,67849,67850],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[51,67852,183,67854,67856],{"id":67853},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67855,41944],{}," returns for a list",[20,67858,67859,64670],{},[15,67860,67861],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67863,67864],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67866,67867],{},"A few important points:",[33,67869,67870,67873,67878],{},[36,67871,67872],{},"It counts list items",[36,67874,40488,67875,67877],{},[43,67876,45],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,67879,67880,67881],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67882,1688],{},[20,67884,267],{},[56,67886,67888],{"className":58,"code":67887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67889,67890,67923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67891,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67893,3639],{"class":71},[65,67895,76],{"class":75},[65,67897,1339],{"class":79},[65,67899,488],{"class":487},[65,67901,36627],{"class":491},[65,67903,488],{"class":487},[65,67905,87],{"class":79},[65,67907,499],{"class":487},[65,67909,67910],{"class":491},"elephant",[65,67912,488],{"class":487},[65,67914,87],{"class":79},[65,67916,499],{"class":487},[65,67918,57712],{"class":491},[65,67920,488],{"class":487},[65,67922,1352],{"class":79},[65,67924,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,67926,164],{"class":163},[65,67928,151],{"class":79},[65,67930,10737],{"class":163},[65,67932,151],{"class":79},[65,67934,3683],{"class":147},[65,67936,1028],{"class":79},[20,67938,350],{},[56,67940,67941],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67942,67943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67944,67945],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67946,46201],{"class":83},[20,67948,20553,67949,67952,67953,64677],{},[15,67950,67951],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[43,67954,52242],{},[20,67956,67957,67958,144],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[210,67959,3143,67960,3076],{"href":41941},[15,67961,41944],{},[51,67963,5356],{"id":5355},[20,67965,67966,67967,67969],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67968,41944],{},", and print the result.",[56,67971,67973],{"className":58,"code":67972,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67974,67975,68007,68021,68025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67976,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67978,12652],{"class":71},[65,67980,76],{"class":75},[65,67982,1339],{"class":79},[65,67984,488],{"class":487},[65,67986,492],{"class":491},[65,67988,488],{"class":487},[65,67990,87],{"class":79},[65,67992,499],{"class":487},[65,67994,511],{"class":491},[65,67996,488],{"class":487},[65,67998,87],{"class":79},[65,68000,499],{"class":487},[65,68002,502],{"class":491},[65,68004,488],{"class":487},[65,68006,1352],{"class":79},[65,68008,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68010,40824],{"class":71},[65,68012,76],{"class":75},[65,68014,37967],{"class":163},[65,68016,151],{"class":79},[65,68018,17077],{"class":147},[65,68020,157],{"class":79},[65,68022,68023],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,68024,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,68026,68027,68029,68031,68033],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68028,164],{"class":163},[65,68030,151],{"class":79},[65,68032,40842],{"class":147},[65,68034,157],{"class":79},[20,68036,350],{},[56,68038,68039],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68040,68041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68042,68043],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68044,46201],{"class":83},[20,68046,11258],{},[33,68048,68049,68054,68061],{},[36,68050,68051,68053],{},[15,68052,17077],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,68055,68056,1965,68059],{},[15,68057,68058],{},"len(colors)",[15,68060,111],{},[36,68062,68063,68064],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68065,40842],{},[20,68067,68068],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[56,68070,68072],{"className":58,"code":68071,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68073,68074,68106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68075,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68077,12652],{"class":71},[65,68079,76],{"class":75},[65,68081,1339],{"class":79},[65,68083,488],{"class":487},[65,68085,492],{"class":491},[65,68087,488],{"class":487},[65,68089,87],{"class":79},[65,68091,499],{"class":487},[65,68093,511],{"class":491},[65,68095,488],{"class":487},[65,68097,87],{"class":79},[65,68099,499],{"class":487},[65,68101,502],{"class":491},[65,68103,488],{"class":487},[65,68105,1352],{"class":79},[65,68107,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68109,164],{"class":163},[65,68111,151],{"class":79},[65,68113,10737],{"class":163},[65,68115,151],{"class":79},[65,68117,17077],{"class":147},[65,68119,1028],{"class":79},[51,68121,68123],{"id":68122},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68125,68126,68127,144],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68128,1688],{},[56,68130,68132],{"className":58,"code":68131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68133,68134,68142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68135,68136,68138,68140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68137,7353],{"class":71},[65,68139,76],{"class":75},[65,68141,7413],{"class":79},[65,68143,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68145,164],{"class":163},[65,68147,151],{"class":79},[65,68149,10737],{"class":163},[65,68151,151],{"class":79},[65,68153,7384],{"class":147},[65,68155,1028],{"class":79},[20,68157,350],{},[56,68159,68160],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68161,68162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68163,68164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68165,46836],{"class":83},[20,68167,68168],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[56,68170,68172],{"className":58,"code":68171,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68173,68174,68182,68186,68204,68218,68224],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68175,68176,68178,68180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68177,7353],{"class":71},[65,68179,76],{"class":75},[65,68181,7413],{"class":79},[65,68183,68184],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68185,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,68187,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,68189,6569],{"class":3444},[65,68191,37967],{"class":163},[65,68193,151],{"class":79},[65,68195,7384],{"class":147},[65,68197,172],{"class":79},[65,68199,37977],{"class":75},[65,68201,3400],{"class":83},[65,68203,5963],{"class":79},[65,68205,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68207,7644],{"class":163},[65,68209,151],{"class":79},[65,68211,7384],{"class":147},[65,68213,3469],{"class":79},[65,68215,1688],{"class":83},[65,68217,3457],{"class":79},[65,68219,68220,68222],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,68221,27009],{"class":3444},[65,68223,5963],{"class":79},[65,68225,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,68227,7644],{"class":163},[65,68229,151],{"class":79},[65,68231,488],{"class":487},[65,68233,51401],{"class":491},[65,68235,488],{"class":487},[65,68237,157],{"class":79},[20,68239,350],{},[56,68241,68243],{"className":58,"code":68242,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The list is empty\n",[15,68244,68245],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68246,68247,68249,68251,68253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68248,1545],{"class":71},[65,68250,7669],{"class":1259},[65,68252,7672],{"class":75},[65,68254,7678],{"class":71},[20,68256,68257,68258,68260],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[210,68259,52357],{"href":50564}," is a good next step.",[51,68262,68264],{"id":68263},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68266,68267,68269,68270,68273],{},[15,68268,41944],{}," counts only the ",[43,68271,68272],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68275,68276],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[56,68278,68280],{"className":58,"code":68279,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68281,68282,68318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68285,8744],{"class":71},[65,68287,76],{"class":75},[65,68289,55880],{"class":79},[65,68291,84],{"class":83},[65,68293,87],{"class":79},[65,68295,90],{"class":83},[65,68297,17637],{"class":79},[65,68299,1339],{"class":79},[65,68301,111],{"class":83},[65,68303,87],{"class":79},[65,68305,116],{"class":83},[65,68307,17637],{"class":79},[65,68309,1339],{"class":79},[65,68311,1705],{"class":83},[65,68313,87],{"class":79},[65,68315,37224],{"class":83},[65,68317,52828],{"class":79},[65,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68321,164],{"class":163},[65,68323,151],{"class":79},[65,68325,10737],{"class":163},[65,68327,151],{"class":79},[65,68329,8783],{"class":147},[65,68331,1028],{"class":79},[20,68333,350],{},[56,68335,68336],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68337,68338],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68339,68340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68341,46201],{"class":83},[20,68343,68344],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68346,51665],{},[56,68348,68350],{"className":58,"code":68349,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68351,68352,68378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68353,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68355,59057],{"class":71},[65,68357,76],{"class":75},[65,68359,1339],{"class":79},[65,68361,84],{"class":83},[65,68363,87],{"class":79},[65,68365,1339],{"class":79},[65,68367,1624],{"class":83},[65,68369,87],{"class":79},[65,68371,95],{"class":83},[65,68373,17637],{"class":79},[65,68375,116],{"class":83},[65,68377,1352],{"class":79},[65,68379,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68381,164],{"class":163},[65,68383,151],{"class":79},[65,68385,10737],{"class":163},[65,68387,151],{"class":79},[65,68389,59110],{"class":147},[65,68391,1028],{"class":79},[20,68393,350],{},[56,68395,68396],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68397,68398],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68399,68400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68401,46201],{"class":83},[20,68403,20553,68404,68407],{},[15,68405,68406],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[51,68409,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,68411,7994,68413,10667,68416],{"id":68412},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68414,68415],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68417,67861],{},[20,68419,68420],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68422,16219],{},[56,68424,68426],{"className":58,"code":68425,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68427,68428,68448],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68429,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68431,3185],{"class":71},[65,68433,76],{"class":75},[65,68435,1339],{"class":79},[65,68437,1898],{"class":83},[65,68439,87],{"class":79},[65,68441,7364],{"class":83},[65,68443,87],{"class":79},[65,68445,7369],{"class":83},[65,68447,1352],{"class":79},[65,68449,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68451,164],{"class":163},[65,68453,151],{"class":79},[65,68455,3215],{"class":147},[65,68457,144],{"class":79},[65,68459,10737],{"class":147},[65,68461,6766],{"class":79},[20,68463,16231],{},[56,68465,68467],{"className":58,"code":68466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68468,68469,68489],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68470,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68472,3185],{"class":71},[65,68474,76],{"class":75},[65,68476,1339],{"class":79},[65,68478,1898],{"class":83},[65,68480,87],{"class":79},[65,68482,7364],{"class":83},[65,68484,87],{"class":79},[65,68486,7369],{"class":83},[65,68488,1352],{"class":79},[65,68490,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68492,164],{"class":163},[65,68494,151],{"class":79},[65,68496,10737],{"class":163},[65,68498,151],{"class":79},[65,68500,3215],{"class":147},[65,68502,1028],{"class":79},[20,68504,68505,68507],{},[15,68506,41944],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1286,68509,25263],{"id":25262},[20,68511,16219],{},[56,68513,68515],{"className":58,"code":68514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68516,68517,68537],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68518,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68520,3185],{"class":71},[65,68522,76],{"class":75},[65,68524,1339],{"class":79},[65,68526,1898],{"class":83},[65,68528,87],{"class":79},[65,68530,7364],{"class":83},[65,68532,87],{"class":79},[65,68534,7369],{"class":83},[65,68536,1352],{"class":79},[65,68538,68539,68541,68543,68545],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68540,164],{"class":163},[65,68542,151],{"class":79},[65,68544,10737],{"class":163},[65,68546,157],{"class":79},[20,68548,68549],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68551,16231],{},[56,68553,68554],{"className":58,"code":68466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68555,68556,68576],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68557,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68559,3185],{"class":71},[65,68561,76],{"class":75},[65,68563,1339],{"class":79},[65,68565,1898],{"class":83},[65,68567,87],{"class":79},[65,68569,7364],{"class":83},[65,68571,87],{"class":79},[65,68573,7369],{"class":83},[65,68575,1352],{"class":79},[65,68577,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68579,164],{"class":163},[65,68581,151],{"class":79},[65,68583,10737],{"class":163},[65,68585,151],{"class":79},[65,68587,3215],{"class":147},[65,68589,1028],{"class":79},[1286,68591,68593],{"id":68592},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68595,68596,68597,68599],{},"The length of a list is ",[43,68598,45],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68601,267],{},[56,68603,68605],{"className":58,"code":68604,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68606,68607,68639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68608,68609,68611,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68610,35670],{"class":71},[65,68612,76],{"class":75},[65,68614,1339],{"class":79},[65,68616,488],{"class":487},[65,68618,210],{"class":491},[65,68620,488],{"class":487},[65,68622,87],{"class":79},[65,68624,499],{"class":487},[65,68626,154],{"class":491},[65,68628,488],{"class":487},[65,68630,87],{"class":79},[65,68632,499],{"class":487},[65,68634,9317],{"class":491},[65,68636,488],{"class":487},[65,68638,1352],{"class":79},[65,68640,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68642,164],{"class":163},[65,68644,151],{"class":79},[65,68646,10737],{"class":163},[65,68648,151],{"class":79},[65,68650,35723],{"class":147},[65,68652,1028],{"class":79},[20,68654,350],{},[56,68656,68657],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68658,68659],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68660,68661],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68662,46201],{"class":83},[20,68664,68665,68666,18538,68668,144],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68667,1624],{},[15,68669,111],{},[20,68671,68672],{},"Indexes are:",[33,68674,68675,68682,68688],{},[36,68676,68677,68679,68680],{},[15,68678,1688],{}," for ",[15,68681,17671],{},[36,68683,68684,68679,68686],{},[15,68685,84],{},[15,68687,65179],{},[36,68689,68690,68679,68692],{},[15,68691,1624],{},[15,68693,66065],{},[20,68695,68696],{},"So this causes an error:",[56,68698,68700],{"className":58,"code":68699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68701,68702,68734],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68703,68704,68706,68708,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68705,35670],{"class":71},[65,68707,76],{"class":75},[65,68709,1339],{"class":79},[65,68711,488],{"class":487},[65,68713,210],{"class":491},[65,68715,488],{"class":487},[65,68717,87],{"class":79},[65,68719,499],{"class":487},[65,68721,154],{"class":491},[65,68723,488],{"class":487},[65,68725,87],{"class":79},[65,68727,499],{"class":487},[65,68729,9317],{"class":491},[65,68731,488],{"class":487},[65,68733,1352],{"class":79},[65,68735,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68737,164],{"class":163},[65,68739,151],{"class":79},[65,68741,35723],{"class":147},[65,68743,3469],{"class":79},[65,68745,10737],{"class":163},[65,68747,151],{"class":79},[65,68749,35723],{"class":147},[65,68751,10255],{"class":79},[20,68753,8073,68754,4351,68757,68759,68760,68762],{},[15,68755,68756],{},"len(letters)",[15,68758,111],{},", and index ",[15,68761,111],{}," does not exist.",[20,68764,18415],{},[56,68766,68768],{"className":58,"code":68767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68769,68770,68802],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68773,35670],{"class":71},[65,68775,76],{"class":75},[65,68777,1339],{"class":79},[65,68779,488],{"class":487},[65,68781,210],{"class":491},[65,68783,488],{"class":487},[65,68785,87],{"class":79},[65,68787,499],{"class":487},[65,68789,154],{"class":491},[65,68791,488],{"class":487},[65,68793,87],{"class":79},[65,68795,499],{"class":487},[65,68797,9317],{"class":491},[65,68799,488],{"class":487},[65,68801,1352],{"class":79},[65,68803,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68805,164],{"class":163},[65,68807,151],{"class":79},[65,68809,35723],{"class":147},[65,68811,3469],{"class":79},[65,68813,10737],{"class":163},[65,68815,151],{"class":79},[65,68817,35723],{"class":147},[65,68819,172],{"class":79},[65,68821,1790],{"class":75},[65,68823,5066],{"class":83},[65,68825,3457],{"class":79},[20,68827,350],{},[56,68829,68831],{"className":58,"code":68830,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"c\n",[15,68832,68833],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68834,68835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68836,68830],{"class":71},[20,68838,68839,68840,144],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[210,68841,68843],{"href":68842},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1286,68845,7994,68847,68849],{"id":68846},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68848,41944],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68851,68852],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68854,68855],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[56,68857,68859],{"className":58,"code":68858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68860,68861,68871,68885,68899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68862,68863,68865,68867,68869],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68864,164],{"class":163},[65,68866,151],{"class":79},[65,68868,7915],{"class":147},[65,68870,157],{"class":79},[65,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68874,164],{"class":163},[65,68876,151],{"class":79},[65,68878,10737],{"class":163},[65,68880,151],{"class":79},[65,68882,7915],{"class":147},[65,68884,1028],{"class":79},[65,68886,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,68888,164],{"class":163},[65,68890,151],{"class":79},[65,68892,1260],{"class":1259},[65,68894,151],{"class":79},[65,68896,7915],{"class":147},[65,68898,1028],{"class":79},[65,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68902,164],{"class":163},[65,68904,151],{"class":79},[65,68906,7915],{"class":147},[65,68908,3469],{"class":79},[65,68910,1688],{"class":83},[65,68912,3457],{"class":79},[20,68914,68915],{},"These help you verify:",[33,68917,68918,68921,68923,68926],{},[36,68919,68920],{},"what the variable contains",[36,68922,60369],{},[36,68924,68925],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,68927,68928],{},"what the first item is",[20,68930,68931,68932,68935],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68933,68934],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[51,68937,4529,68939,68941],{"id":68938},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68940,41944],{}," with lists",[20,68943,68944,68945,68947],{},"You will often use ",[15,68946,41944],{}," in real programs.",[20,68949,8951],{},[33,68951,68952,68954,68957,68960],{},[36,68953,51355],{},[36,68955,68956],{},"Control loops",[36,68958,68959],{},"Validate input or results",[36,68961,68962],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68964,68965],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[56,68967,68969],{"className":58,"code":68968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68970,68971,68991,69007,69011,69025,69039],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68972,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68974,72],{"class":71},[65,68976,76],{"class":75},[65,68978,1339],{"class":79},[65,68980,84],{"class":83},[65,68982,87],{"class":79},[65,68984,90],{"class":83},[65,68986,87],{"class":79},[65,68988,95],{"class":83},[65,68990,1352],{"class":79},[65,68992,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,68994,104],{"class":71},[65,68996,76],{"class":75},[65,68998,1339],{"class":79},[65,69000,1898],{"class":83},[65,69002,87],{"class":79},[65,69004,7364],{"class":83},[65,69006,1352],{"class":79},[65,69008,69009],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69010,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69012,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69014,164],{"class":163},[65,69016,151],{"class":79},[65,69018,10737],{"class":163},[65,69020,151],{"class":79},[65,69022,210],{"class":147},[65,69024,1028],{"class":79},[65,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69028,164],{"class":163},[65,69030,151],{"class":79},[65,69032,10737],{"class":163},[65,69034,151],{"class":79},[65,69036,154],{"class":147},[65,69038,1028],{"class":79},[65,69040,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,69042,164],{"class":163},[65,69044,151],{"class":79},[65,69046,10737],{"class":163},[65,69048,151],{"class":79},[65,69050,210],{"class":147},[65,69052,172],{"class":79},[65,69054,37977],{"class":75},[65,69056,37967],{"class":163},[65,69058,151],{"class":79},[65,69060,154],{"class":147},[65,69062,1028],{"class":79},[20,69064,350],{},[56,69066,69068],{"className":58,"code":69067,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69069,69070,69074,69078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69071,69072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69073,46201],{"class":83},[65,69075,69076],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69077,16632],{"class":83},[65,69079,69080],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69081,3549],{"class":3419},[20,69083,69084],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[56,69086,69088],{"className":58,"code":69087,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69089,69090,69122,69126,69148],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69091,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69093,4563],{"class":71},[65,69095,76],{"class":75},[65,69097,1339],{"class":79},[65,69099,488],{"class":487},[65,69101,12456],{"class":491},[65,69103,488],{"class":487},[65,69105,87],{"class":79},[65,69107,499],{"class":487},[65,69109,35520],{"class":491},[65,69111,488],{"class":487},[65,69113,87],{"class":79},[65,69115,499],{"class":487},[65,69117,35529],{"class":491},[65,69119,488],{"class":487},[65,69121,1352],{"class":79},[65,69123,69124],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69125,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69127,69128,69130,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69129,5527],{"class":3444},[65,69131,69132],{"class":71}," i ",[65,69134,3451],{"class":3444},[65,69136,53656],{"class":163},[65,69138,151],{"class":79},[65,69140,10737],{"class":163},[65,69142,151],{"class":79},[65,69144,4607],{"class":147},[65,69146,69147],{"class":79},")):\n",[65,69149,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69161,69163,69165],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69151,7644],{"class":163},[65,69153,151],{"class":79},[65,69155,35734],{"class":147},[65,69157,87],{"class":79},[65,69159,69160],{"class":147}," names",[65,69162,3469],{"class":79},[65,69164,35734],{"class":147},[65,69166,3457],{"class":79},[20,69168,350],{},[56,69170,69171],{"className":58,"code":35578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,69172,69173,69179,69185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69174,69175,69177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69176,1688],{"class":83},[65,69178,35587],{"class":71},[65,69180,69181,69183],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69182,84],{"class":83},[65,69184,35594],{"class":71},[65,69186,69187,69189],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69188,1624],{"class":83},[65,69190,35601],{"class":71},[20,69192,69193,69194,144],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[210,69195,69197],{"href":69196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69199,69200,69201,69203],{},"You can also read ",[210,69202,51132],{"href":51131}," for a task-focused guide.",[51,69205,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,69207,69209],{"id":69208},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69211,1660,69212,69215],{},[15,69213,69214],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1286,69217,4711,69219,12291],{"id":69218},"what-does-len-return",[15,69220,69221],{},"len([])",[20,69223,4717,69224,69226],{},[15,69225,1688],{}," because the list is empty.",[1286,69228,69230],{"id":69229},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69232,69233],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1286,69235,1316,69237,69239],{"id":69236},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69238,68415],{}," in Python?",[20,69241,29845,69242,7798,69244,69246],{},[15,69243,67861],{},[15,69245,41944],{}," is a built-in function.",[51,69248,1455],{"id":1454},[33,69250,69251,69257,69261,69265,69269],{},[36,69252,69253],{},[210,69254,3143,69255,3076],{"href":41941},[15,69256,41944],{},[36,69258,69259],{},[210,69260,52176],{"href":51131},[36,69262,69263],{},[210,69264,52357],{"href":50564},[36,69266,69267],{},[210,69268,68843],{"href":68842},[36,69270,69271],{},[210,69272,69273],{"href":69196},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1499,69275,69276],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":69278},[69279,69280,69282,69283,69284,69285,69293,69295,69303],{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":67853,"depth":101,"text":69281},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":68122,"depth":101,"text":68123},{"id":68263,"depth":101,"text":68264},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":69286},[69287,69289,69290,69291],{"id":68412,"depth":126,"text":69288},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25262,"depth":126,"text":25263},{"id":68592,"depth":126,"text":68593},{"id":68846,"depth":126,"text":69292},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68938,"depth":101,"text":69294},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":69296},[69297,69298,69300,69301],{"id":69208,"depth":126,"text":69209},{"id":69218,"depth":126,"text":69299},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69229,"depth":126,"text":69230},{"id":69236,"depth":126,"text":69302},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67748,"description":69304},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69310,"title":69311,"body":69312,"description":71294,"extension":1528,"meta":71295,"navigation":129,"path":71296,"seo":71297,"stem":71298,"__hash__":71299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69313,"toc":71267},[69314,69317,69322,69325,69333,69346,69348,69413,69415,69437,69442,69446,69451,69459,69461,69471,69473,69554,69556,69586,69588,69607,69612,69629,69631,69715,69717,69747,69752,69756,69762,69846,69848,69878,69881,69885,69888,69979,69981,70019,70022,70107,70109,70139,70145,70152,70156,70161,70170,70172,70257,70259,70288,70291,70299,70303,70307,70316,70339,70341,70363,70365,70379,70381,70441,70445,70450,70489,70491,70508,70510,70520,70619,70624,70628,70633,70676,70678,70706,70708,70722,70797,70799,70821,70825,70828,70833,70844,70849,70857,70860,70931,70933,70958,71015,71017,71038,71047,71055,71060,71062,71067,71088,71091,71166,71169,71183,71190,71192,71196,71202,71206,71216,71220,71227,71231,71237,71239,71264],[10,69315,69311],{"id":69316},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69318,69319,69321],{},[15,69320,54668],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69323,69324],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,69326,69327,69330],{},[36,69328,69329],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,69331,69332],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69334,69335,69336,69338,69339,8282,69341,69345],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69337,12338],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69340,12338],{},[210,69342,69343],{"href":54658},[15,69344,55115],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[51,69347,1570],{"id":1569},[56,69349,69351],{"className":58,"code":69350,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69352,69353,69373,69388,69392,69403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69354,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69356,3185],{"class":71},[65,69358,76],{"class":75},[65,69360,1339],{"class":79},[65,69362,1898],{"class":83},[65,69364,87],{"class":79},[65,69366,7364],{"class":83},[65,69368,87],{"class":79},[65,69370,7369],{"class":83},[65,69372,1352],{"class":79},[65,69374,69375,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69376,69377],{"class":71},"last_item ",[65,69379,76],{"class":75},[65,69381,3833],{"class":71},[65,69383,144],{"class":79},[65,69385,25817],{"class":147},[65,69387,8220],{"class":79},[65,69389,69390],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69391,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69393,69394,69396,69398,69401],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69395,164],{"class":163},[65,69397,151],{"class":79},[65,69399,69400],{"class":147},"last_item",[65,69402,157],{"class":79},[65,69404,69405,69407,69409,69411],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69406,164],{"class":163},[65,69408,151],{"class":79},[65,69410,3215],{"class":147},[65,69412,157],{"class":79},[20,69414,350],{},[56,69416,69418],{"className":58,"code":69417,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69419,69420,69425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69421,69422],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69423,69424],{"class":83},"30\n",[65,69426,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69428,3469],{"class":79},[65,69430,1898],{"class":83},[65,69432,87],{"class":79},[65,69434,7364],{"class":83},[65,69436,1352],{"class":79},[20,69438,1660,69439,69441],{},[15,69440,12338],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[51,69443,69445],{"id":69444},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69447,69448,69450],{},[15,69449,12338],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,69452,69453,69456],{},[36,69454,69455],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,69457,69458],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69460,43234],{},[33,69462,69463,69466,69469],{},[36,69464,69465],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,69467,69468],{},"It changes the original list",[36,69470,52331],{},[20,69472,267],{},[56,69474,69476],{"className":58,"code":69475,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69477,69478,69510,69514,69529,69533,69544],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69479,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69481,12652],{"class":71},[65,69483,76],{"class":75},[65,69485,1339],{"class":79},[65,69487,488],{"class":487},[65,69489,492],{"class":491},[65,69491,488],{"class":487},[65,69493,87],{"class":79},[65,69495,499],{"class":487},[65,69497,511],{"class":491},[65,69499,488],{"class":487},[65,69501,87],{"class":79},[65,69503,499],{"class":487},[65,69505,502],{"class":491},[65,69507,488],{"class":487},[65,69509,1352],{"class":79},[65,69511,69512],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69513,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69515,69516,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69517,69518],{"class":71},"removed ",[65,69520,76],{"class":75},[65,69522,12698],{"class":71},[65,69524,144],{"class":79},[65,69526,25817],{"class":147},[65,69528,8220],{"class":79},[65,69530,69531],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69532,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69534,69535,69537,69539,69542],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69536,164],{"class":163},[65,69538,151],{"class":79},[65,69540,69541],{"class":147},"removed",[65,69543,157],{"class":79},[65,69545,69546,69548,69550,69552],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,69547,164],{"class":163},[65,69549,151],{"class":79},[65,69551,17077],{"class":147},[65,69553,157],{"class":79},[20,69555,350],{},[56,69557,69559],{"className":58,"code":69558,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69560,69561,69566],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69562,69563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69564,69565],{"class":71},"blue\n",[65,69567,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69569,3469],{"class":79},[65,69571,594],{"class":487},[65,69573,492],{"class":491},[65,69575,594],{"class":487},[65,69577,87],{"class":79},[65,69579,603],{"class":487},[65,69581,511],{"class":491},[65,69583,594],{"class":487},[65,69585,1352],{"class":79},[51,69587,222],{"id":221},[56,69589,69591],{"className":58,"code":69590,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69592,69593],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69594,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69596,7669],{"class":1259},[65,69598,144],{"class":79},[65,69600,25817],{"class":147},[65,69602,2552],{"class":79},[65,69604,35425],{"class":147},[65,69606,3457],{"class":79},[20,69608,1545,69609,69611],{},[15,69610,35425],{}," is optional.",[33,69613,69614,69620,69626],{},[36,69615,69616,69617,69619],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69618,12338],{}," removes the last item",[36,69621,69622,69623,69625],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69624,12338],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,69627,69628],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69630,267],{},[56,69632,69634],{"className":58,"code":69633,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69635,69636,69668,69672,69691,69695,69705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69637,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69639,35670],{"class":71},[65,69641,76],{"class":75},[65,69643,1339],{"class":79},[65,69645,488],{"class":487},[65,69647,210],{"class":491},[65,69649,488],{"class":487},[65,69651,87],{"class":79},[65,69653,499],{"class":487},[65,69655,154],{"class":491},[65,69657,488],{"class":487},[65,69659,87],{"class":79},[65,69661,499],{"class":487},[65,69663,9317],{"class":491},[65,69665,488],{"class":487},[65,69667,1352],{"class":79},[65,69669,69670],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69671,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69673,69674,69676,69678,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69675,28113],{"class":71},[65,69677,76],{"class":75},[65,69679,69680],{"class":71}," letters",[65,69682,144],{"class":79},[65,69684,25817],{"class":147},[65,69686,151],{"class":79},[65,69688,84],{"class":83},[65,69690,157],{"class":79},[65,69692,69693],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69694,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69696,69697,69699,69701,69703],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69698,164],{"class":163},[65,69700,151],{"class":79},[65,69702,22885],{"class":147},[65,69704,157],{"class":79},[65,69706,69707,69709,69711,69713],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,69708,164],{"class":163},[65,69710,151],{"class":79},[65,69712,35723],{"class":147},[65,69714,157],{"class":79},[20,69716,350],{},[56,69718,69720],{"className":58,"code":69719,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69721,69722,69727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69723,69724],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69725,69726],{"class":71},"b\n",[65,69728,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69730,3469],{"class":79},[65,69732,594],{"class":487},[65,69734,210],{"class":491},[65,69736,594],{"class":487},[65,69738,87],{"class":79},[65,69740,603],{"class":487},[65,69742,9317],{"class":491},[65,69744,594],{"class":487},[65,69746,1352],{"class":79},[20,69748,69749,69750,144],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[210,69751,52357],{"href":50564},[51,69753,69755],{"id":69754},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69757,69758,69759,69761],{},"When you call ",[15,69760,12338],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[56,69763,69765],{"className":58,"code":69764,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69766,69767,69802,69806,69821,69825,69836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69768,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69780,69782,69784,69786,69789,69791,69793,69795,69798,69800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69770,29473],{"class":71},[65,69772,76],{"class":75},[65,69774,1339],{"class":79},[65,69776,488],{"class":487},[65,69778,69779],{"class":491},"write",[65,69781,488],{"class":487},[65,69783,87],{"class":79},[65,69785,499],{"class":487},[65,69787,69788],{"class":491},"test",[65,69790,488],{"class":487},[65,69792,87],{"class":79},[65,69794,499],{"class":487},[65,69796,69797],{"class":491},"submit",[65,69799,488],{"class":487},[65,69801,1352],{"class":79},[65,69803,69804],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69805,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69807,69808,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69809,69810],{"class":71},"last_task ",[65,69812,76],{"class":75},[65,69814,29551],{"class":71},[65,69816,144],{"class":79},[65,69818,25817],{"class":147},[65,69820,8220],{"class":79},[65,69822,69823],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69824,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69826,69827,69829,69831,69834],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69828,164],{"class":163},[65,69830,151],{"class":79},[65,69832,69833],{"class":147},"last_task",[65,69835,157],{"class":79},[65,69837,69838,69840,69842,69844],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,69839,164],{"class":163},[65,69841,151],{"class":79},[65,69843,36086],{"class":147},[65,69845,157],{"class":79},[20,69847,350],{},[56,69849,69851],{"className":58,"code":69850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69852,69853,69858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69854,69855],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69856,69857],{"class":71},"submit\n",[65,69859,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69861,3469],{"class":79},[65,69863,594],{"class":487},[65,69865,69779],{"class":491},[65,69867,594],{"class":487},[65,69869,87],{"class":79},[65,69871,603],{"class":487},[65,69873,69788],{"class":491},[65,69875,594],{"class":487},[65,69877,1352],{"class":79},[20,69879,69880],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[51,69882,69884],{"id":69883},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69886,69887],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[56,69889,69891],{"className":58,"code":69890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69892,69893,69933,69937,69955,69959,69969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69894,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69896,35819],{"class":71},[65,69898,76],{"class":75},[65,69900,1339],{"class":79},[65,69902,488],{"class":487},[65,69904,3648],{"class":491},[65,69906,488],{"class":487},[65,69908,87],{"class":79},[65,69910,499],{"class":487},[65,69912,3657],{"class":491},[65,69914,488],{"class":487},[65,69916,87],{"class":79},[65,69918,499],{"class":487},[65,69920,3666],{"class":491},[65,69922,488],{"class":487},[65,69924,87],{"class":79},[65,69926,499],{"class":487},[65,69928,32797],{"class":491},[65,69930,488],{"class":487},[65,69932,1352],{"class":79},[65,69934,69935],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69936,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69938,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,69940,69518],{"class":71},[65,69942,76],{"class":75},[65,69944,52437],{"class":71},[65,69946,144],{"class":79},[65,69948,25817],{"class":147},[65,69950,151],{"class":79},[65,69952,84],{"class":83},[65,69954,157],{"class":79},[65,69956,69957],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69958,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,69960,69961,69963,69965,69967],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,69962,164],{"class":163},[65,69964,151],{"class":79},[65,69966,69541],{"class":147},[65,69968,157],{"class":79},[65,69970,69971,69973,69975,69977],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,69972,164],{"class":163},[65,69974,151],{"class":79},[65,69976,35871],{"class":147},[65,69978,157],{"class":79},[20,69980,350],{},[56,69982,69984],{"className":58,"code":69983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69985,69986,69991],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69987,69988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69989,69990],{"class":71},"banana\n",[65,69992,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,69994,3469],{"class":79},[65,69996,594],{"class":487},[65,69998,3648],{"class":491},[65,70000,594],{"class":487},[65,70002,87],{"class":79},[65,70004,603],{"class":487},[65,70006,3666],{"class":491},[65,70008,594],{"class":487},[65,70010,87],{"class":79},[65,70012,603],{"class":487},[65,70014,32797],{"class":491},[65,70016,594],{"class":487},[65,70018,1352],{"class":79},[20,70020,70021],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[56,70023,70025],{"className":58,"code":70024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70026,70027,70059,70063,70083,70087,70097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70028,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70030,35819],{"class":71},[65,70032,76],{"class":75},[65,70034,1339],{"class":79},[65,70036,488],{"class":487},[65,70038,3648],{"class":491},[65,70040,488],{"class":487},[65,70042,87],{"class":79},[65,70044,499],{"class":487},[65,70046,3657],{"class":491},[65,70048,488],{"class":487},[65,70050,87],{"class":79},[65,70052,499],{"class":487},[65,70054,3666],{"class":491},[65,70056,488],{"class":487},[65,70058,1352],{"class":79},[65,70060,70061],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70062,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70064,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70066,69518],{"class":71},[65,70068,76],{"class":75},[65,70070,52437],{"class":71},[65,70072,144],{"class":79},[65,70074,25817],{"class":147},[65,70076,151],{"class":79},[65,70078,1589],{"class":75},[65,70080,84],{"class":83},[65,70082,157],{"class":79},[65,70084,70085],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70086,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70088,70089,70091,70093,70095],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70090,164],{"class":163},[65,70092,151],{"class":79},[65,70094,69541],{"class":147},[65,70096,157],{"class":79},[65,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,70100,164],{"class":163},[65,70102,151],{"class":79},[65,70104,35871],{"class":147},[65,70106,157],{"class":79},[20,70108,350],{},[56,70110,70112],{"className":58,"code":70111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70113,70114,70119],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70115,70116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70117,70118],{"class":71},"cherry\n",[65,70120,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70122,3469],{"class":79},[65,70124,594],{"class":487},[65,70126,3648],{"class":491},[65,70128,594],{"class":487},[65,70130,87],{"class":79},[65,70132,603],{"class":487},[65,70134,3657],{"class":491},[65,70136,594],{"class":487},[65,70138,1352],{"class":79},[20,70140,70141,70142,70144],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70143,65438],{}," means the last item.",[20,70146,70147,70148,144],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[210,70149,70150,1474],{"href":58549},[15,70151,64450],{},[51,70153,70155],{"id":70154},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70157,70158,70160],{},[15,70159,12338],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70162,70163,70164,634,70166,144],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70165,12338],{},[210,70167,70168],{"href":54658},[15,70169,55115],{},[20,70171,267],{},[56,70173,70175],{"className":58,"code":70174,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70176,70177,70209,70213,70232,70236,70247],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70178,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70180,4563],{"class":71},[65,70182,76],{"class":75},[65,70184,1339],{"class":79},[65,70186,488],{"class":487},[65,70188,12456],{"class":491},[65,70190,488],{"class":487},[65,70192,87],{"class":79},[65,70194,499],{"class":487},[65,70196,35520],{"class":491},[65,70198,488],{"class":487},[65,70200,87],{"class":79},[65,70202,499],{"class":487},[65,70204,35529],{"class":491},[65,70206,488],{"class":487},[65,70208,1352],{"class":79},[65,70210,70211],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70212,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70214,70215,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70216,70217],{"class":71},"removed_name ",[65,70219,76],{"class":75},[65,70221,69160],{"class":71},[65,70223,144],{"class":79},[65,70225,25817],{"class":147},[65,70227,151],{"class":79},[65,70229,1688],{"class":83},[65,70231,157],{"class":79},[65,70233,70234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70235,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70237,70238,70240,70242,70245],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70239,164],{"class":163},[65,70241,151],{"class":79},[65,70243,70244],{"class":147},"removed_name",[65,70246,157],{"class":79},[65,70248,70249,70251,70253,70255],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,70250,164],{"class":163},[65,70252,151],{"class":79},[65,70254,4607],{"class":147},[65,70256,157],{"class":79},[20,70258,350],{},[56,70260,70262],{"className":58,"code":70261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70263,70264,70268],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70265,70266],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70267,49625],{"class":71},[65,70269,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70271,3469],{"class":79},[65,70273,594],{"class":487},[65,70275,35520],{"class":491},[65,70277,594],{"class":487},[65,70279,87],{"class":79},[65,70281,603],{"class":487},[65,70283,35529],{"class":491},[65,70285,594],{"class":487},[65,70287,1352],{"class":79},[20,70289,70290],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70292,70293,70294,70296,70297,144],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70295,55115],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70298,3344],{},[51,70300,70302],{"id":70301},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1286,70304,70306],{"id":70305},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70308,70309,70310,70312,70313,144],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70311,12338],{}," raises an ",[15,70314,70315],{},"IndexError",[56,70317,70319],{"className":58,"code":70318,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70320,70321,70329],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70322,70323,70325,70327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70324,7353],{"class":71},[65,70326,76],{"class":75},[65,70328,7413],{"class":79},[65,70330,70331,70333,70335,70337],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70332,7384],{"class":71},[65,70334,144],{"class":79},[65,70336,25817],{"class":147},[65,70338,8220],{"class":79},[20,70340,350],{},[56,70342,70344],{"className":58,"code":70343,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70345,70346],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70347,70348,70350,70352,70355,70358,70361],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70349,70315],{"class":1259},[65,70351,191],{"class":79},[65,70353,70354],{"class":71}," pop ",[65,70356,70357],{"class":3444},"from",[65,70359,70360],{"class":71}," empty ",[65,70362,49471],{"class":1259},[20,70364,38843],{},[33,70366,70367,70372],{},[36,70368,70369,70370],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70371,12338],{},[36,70373,70374,70375,634,70377],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70376,29379],{},[15,70378,29410],{},[20,70380,267],{},[56,70382,70384],{"className":58,"code":70383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70385,70386,70394,70398,70406,70420,70426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70387,70388,70390,70392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70389,7353],{"class":71},[65,70391,76],{"class":75},[65,70393,7413],{"class":79},[65,70395,70396],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70397,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70399,70400,70402,70404],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70401,6569],{"class":3444},[65,70403,5535],{"class":71},[65,70405,5963],{"class":79},[65,70407,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70409,7644],{"class":163},[65,70411,151],{"class":79},[65,70413,7384],{"class":147},[65,70415,144],{"class":79},[65,70417,25817],{"class":147},[65,70419,6766],{"class":79},[65,70421,70422,70424],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70423,27009],{"class":3444},[65,70425,5963],{"class":79},[65,70427,70428,70430,70432,70434,70437,70439],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,70429,7644],{"class":163},[65,70431,151],{"class":79},[65,70433,488],{"class":487},[65,70435,70436],{"class":491},"The list is empty.",[65,70438,488],{"class":487},[65,70440,157],{"class":79},[1286,70442,70444],{"id":70443},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70446,70447,70448,144],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70449,70315],{},[56,70451,70453],{"className":58,"code":70452,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70454,70455,70475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70456,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70458,3185],{"class":71},[65,70460,76],{"class":75},[65,70462,1339],{"class":79},[65,70464,1898],{"class":83},[65,70466,87],{"class":79},[65,70468,7364],{"class":83},[65,70470,87],{"class":79},[65,70472,7369],{"class":83},[65,70474,1352],{"class":79},[65,70476,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485,70487],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70478,3215],{"class":71},[65,70480,144],{"class":79},[65,70482,25817],{"class":147},[65,70484,151],{"class":79},[65,70486,1705],{"class":83},[65,70488,157],{"class":79},[20,70490,350],{},[56,70492,70494],{"className":58,"code":70493,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70495,70496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70497,70498,70500,70502,70505],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70499,70315],{"class":1259},[65,70501,191],{"class":79},[65,70503,70504],{"class":71}," pop index out of ",[65,70506,70507],{"class":163},"range\n",[20,70509,38843],{},[33,70511,70512,70517],{},[36,70513,70514,70515],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70516,41944],{},[36,70518,70519],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[56,70521,70523],{"className":58,"code":70522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70524,70525,70545,70554,70558,70580,70598,70604],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70526,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70528,3185],{"class":71},[65,70530,76],{"class":75},[65,70532,1339],{"class":79},[65,70534,1898],{"class":83},[65,70536,87],{"class":79},[65,70538,7364],{"class":83},[65,70540,87],{"class":79},[65,70542,7369],{"class":83},[65,70544,1352],{"class":79},[65,70546,70547,70550,70552],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70548,70549],{"class":71},"index ",[65,70551,76],{"class":75},[65,70553,45173],{"class":83},[65,70555,70556],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70557,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70559,70560,70562,70564,70567,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70561,6569],{"class":3444},[65,70563,3400],{"class":83},[65,70565,70566],{"class":75}," \u003C=",[65,70568,70569],{"class":71}," index ",[65,70571,2857],{"class":75},[65,70573,37967],{"class":163},[65,70575,151],{"class":79},[65,70577,3215],{"class":147},[65,70579,7918],{"class":79},[65,70581,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70583,7644],{"class":163},[65,70585,151],{"class":79},[65,70587,3215],{"class":147},[65,70589,144],{"class":79},[65,70591,25817],{"class":147},[65,70593,151],{"class":79},[65,70595,35425],{"class":147},[65,70597,1028],{"class":79},[65,70599,70600,70602],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,70601,27009],{"class":3444},[65,70603,5963],{"class":79},[65,70605,70606,70608,70610,70612,70615,70617],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,70607,7644],{"class":163},[65,70609,151],{"class":79},[65,70611,488],{"class":487},[65,70613,70614],{"class":491},"Index is out of range.",[65,70616,488],{"class":487},[65,70618,157],{"class":79},[20,70620,70621,70622,144],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,70623,68843],{"href":68842},[1286,70625,70627],{"id":70626},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70629,70630,70632],{},[15,70631,12338],{}," expects an integer index.",[56,70634,70636],{"className":58,"code":70635,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70637,70638,70658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70639,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70641,3185],{"class":71},[65,70643,76],{"class":75},[65,70645,1339],{"class":79},[65,70647,1898],{"class":83},[65,70649,87],{"class":79},[65,70651,7364],{"class":83},[65,70653,87],{"class":79},[65,70655,7369],{"class":83},[65,70657,1352],{"class":79},[65,70659,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70661,3215],{"class":71},[65,70663,144],{"class":79},[65,70665,25817],{"class":147},[65,70667,151],{"class":79},[65,70669,488],{"class":487},[65,70671,84],{"class":491},[65,70673,488],{"class":487},[65,70675,157],{"class":79},[20,70677,350],{},[56,70679,70681],{"className":58,"code":70680,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70682,70683],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70684,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70700,70703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70686,2571],{"class":1259},[65,70688,191],{"class":79},[65,70690,603],{"class":487},[65,70692,3010],{"class":491},[65,70694,594],{"class":487},[65,70696,24192],{"class":1259},[65,70698,70699],{"class":71}," cannot be interpreted ",[65,70701,70702],{"class":3444},"as",[65,70704,70705],{"class":71}," an integer\n",[20,70707,38843],{},[33,70709,70710,70719],{},[36,70711,70712,70713,1491,70715,1761,70717],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70714,1688],{},[15,70716,84],{},[15,70718,65438],{},[36,70720,70721],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[56,70723,70725],{"className":58,"code":70724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70726,70727,70747,70765,70769,70787],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70728,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70730,3185],{"class":71},[65,70732,76],{"class":75},[65,70734,1339],{"class":79},[65,70736,1898],{"class":83},[65,70738,87],{"class":79},[65,70740,7364],{"class":83},[65,70742,87],{"class":79},[65,70744,7369],{"class":83},[65,70746,1352],{"class":79},[65,70748,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70750,70549],{"class":71},[65,70752,76],{"class":75},[65,70754,44860],{"class":1259},[65,70756,151],{"class":79},[65,70758,488],{"class":487},[65,70760,84],{"class":491},[65,70762,488],{"class":487},[65,70764,157],{"class":79},[65,70766,70767],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70768,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70772,164],{"class":163},[65,70774,151],{"class":79},[65,70776,3215],{"class":147},[65,70778,144],{"class":79},[65,70780,25817],{"class":147},[65,70782,151],{"class":79},[65,70784,35425],{"class":147},[65,70786,1028],{"class":79},[65,70788,70789,70791,70793,70795],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70790,164],{"class":163},[65,70792,151],{"class":79},[65,70794,3215],{"class":147},[65,70796,157],{"class":79},[20,70798,350],{},[56,70800,70802],{"className":58,"code":70801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70803,70804,70809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70805,70806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70807,70808],{"class":83},"20\n",[65,70810,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70812,3469],{"class":79},[65,70814,1898],{"class":83},[65,70816,87],{"class":79},[65,70818,7369],{"class":83},[65,70820,1352],{"class":79},[51,70822,70824],{"id":70823},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70826,70827],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1286,70829,1660,70831,10177],{"id":70830},"use-pop-when",[15,70832,12338],{},[33,70834,70835,70838,70841],{},[36,70836,70837],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,70839,70840],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,70842,70843],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1286,70845,1660,70847,10177],{"id":70846},"use-remove-when",[15,70848,55115],{},[33,70850,70851,70854],{},[36,70852,70853],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,70855,70856],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70858,70859],{},"Compare these examples:",[56,70861,70863],{"className":58,"code":70862,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70864,70865,70889,70893,70911,70921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70866,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70868,3185],{"class":71},[65,70870,76],{"class":75},[65,70872,1339],{"class":79},[65,70874,1898],{"class":83},[65,70876,87],{"class":79},[65,70878,7364],{"class":83},[65,70880,87],{"class":79},[65,70882,7369],{"class":83},[65,70884,87],{"class":79},[65,70886,7364],{"class":83},[65,70888,1352],{"class":79},[65,70890,70891],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70892,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70894,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70896,69518],{"class":71},[65,70898,76],{"class":75},[65,70900,3833],{"class":71},[65,70902,144],{"class":79},[65,70904,25817],{"class":147},[65,70906,151],{"class":79},[65,70908,84],{"class":83},[65,70910,157],{"class":79},[65,70912,70913,70915,70917,70919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70914,164],{"class":163},[65,70916,151],{"class":79},[65,70918,69541],{"class":147},[65,70920,157],{"class":79},[65,70922,70923,70925,70927,70929],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,70924,164],{"class":163},[65,70926,151],{"class":79},[65,70928,3215],{"class":147},[65,70930,157],{"class":79},[20,70932,350],{},[56,70934,70936],{"className":58,"code":70935,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70937,70938,70942],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70939,70940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70941,70808],{"class":83},[65,70943,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70945,3469],{"class":79},[65,70947,1898],{"class":83},[65,70949,87],{"class":79},[65,70951,7369],{"class":83},[65,70953,87],{"class":79},[65,70955,7364],{"class":83},[65,70957,1352],{"class":79},[56,70959,70961],{"className":58,"code":70960,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70962,70963,70987,70991,71005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70964,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70966,3185],{"class":71},[65,70968,76],{"class":75},[65,70970,1339],{"class":79},[65,70972,1898],{"class":83},[65,70974,87],{"class":79},[65,70976,7364],{"class":83},[65,70978,87],{"class":79},[65,70980,7369],{"class":83},[65,70982,87],{"class":79},[65,70984,7364],{"class":83},[65,70986,1352],{"class":79},[65,70988,70989],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,70990,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,70992,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001,71003],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,70994,3215],{"class":71},[65,70996,144],{"class":79},[65,70998,34372],{"class":147},[65,71000,151],{"class":79},[65,71002,15329],{"class":83},[65,71004,157],{"class":79},[65,71006,71007,71009,71011,71013],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71008,164],{"class":163},[65,71010,151],{"class":79},[65,71012,3215],{"class":147},[65,71014,157],{"class":79},[20,71016,350],{},[56,71018,71020],{"className":58,"code":71019,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71021,71022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71023,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71025,3469],{"class":79},[65,71027,1898],{"class":83},[65,71029,87],{"class":79},[65,71031,7369],{"class":83},[65,71033,87],{"class":79},[65,71035,7364],{"class":83},[65,71037,1352],{"class":79},[20,71039,71040,71041,71044,71045,144],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71042,71043],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71046,84],{},[20,71048,56191,71049,71052,71053,144],{},[15,71050,71051],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71054,15329],{},[20,71056,71057,71058,144],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[210,71059,54654],{"href":54653},[51,71061,2396],{"id":2395},[20,71063,71064,71065,191],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71066,12338],{},[33,71068,71069,71072,71075,71081,71085],{},[36,71070,71071],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,71073,71074],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,71076,36784,71077,8282,71079],{},[15,71078,12338],{},[15,71080,55115],{},[36,71082,8030,71083,61557],{},[15,71084,12338],{},[36,71086,71087],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71089,71090],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[56,71092,71094],{"className":58,"code":71093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71095,71096,71106,71120,71134,71152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71097,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71099,164],{"class":163},[65,71101,151],{"class":79},[65,71103,7915],{"class":147},[65,71105,157],{"class":79},[65,71107,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71109,164],{"class":163},[65,71111,151],{"class":79},[65,71113,10737],{"class":163},[65,71115,151],{"class":79},[65,71117,7915],{"class":147},[65,71119,1028],{"class":79},[65,71121,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71123,164],{"class":163},[65,71125,151],{"class":79},[65,71127,7915],{"class":147},[65,71129,144],{"class":79},[65,71131,25817],{"class":147},[65,71133,6766],{"class":79},[65,71135,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146,71148,71150],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71137,164],{"class":163},[65,71139,151],{"class":79},[65,71141,7915],{"class":147},[65,71143,144],{"class":79},[65,71145,25817],{"class":147},[65,71147,151],{"class":79},[65,71149,1688],{"class":83},[65,71151,1028],{"class":79},[65,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,71155,164],{"class":163},[65,71157,151],{"class":79},[65,71159,1260],{"class":1259},[65,71161,151],{"class":79},[65,71163,35425],{"class":147},[65,71165,1028],{"class":79},[20,71167,71168],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,71170,71171,71177],{},[36,71172,71173,71176],{},[15,71174,71175],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,71178,71179,71182],{},[15,71180,71181],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71184,71185,71186,71189],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71187,71188],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[51,71191,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,71193,71195],{"id":71194},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71197,71198,71199,71201],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71200,12338],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1286,71203,71205],{"id":71204},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71207,71208,71210,71211,71213,71214,144],{},[15,71209,12338],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71212,55115],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71215,3344],{},[1286,71217,71219],{"id":71218},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71221,71222,71223,71226],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71224,71225],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1286,71228,71230],{"id":71229},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71232,71233,71234,71236],{},"Python raises ",[15,71235,70315],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[51,71238,1455],{"id":1454},[33,71240,71241,71245,71250,71255,71260],{},[36,71242,71243],{},[210,71244,55101],{"href":54653},[36,71246,71247],{},[210,71248,71249],{"href":54658},"Python list remove() method",[36,71251,71252],{},[210,71253,71254],{"href":58549},"Python list index() method",[36,71256,71257],{},[210,71258,71259],{"href":50564},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,71261,71262],{},[210,71263,68843],{"href":68842},[1499,71265,71266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":71268},[71269,71270,71271,71272,71273,71274,71275,71280,71286,71287,71293],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":69444,"depth":101,"text":69445},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":69754,"depth":101,"text":69755},{"id":69883,"depth":101,"text":69884},{"id":70154,"depth":101,"text":70155},{"id":70301,"depth":101,"text":70302,"children":71276},[71277,71278,71279],{"id":70305,"depth":126,"text":70306},{"id":70443,"depth":126,"text":70444},{"id":70626,"depth":126,"text":70627},{"id":70823,"depth":101,"text":70824,"children":71281},[71282,71284],{"id":70830,"depth":126,"text":71283},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70846,"depth":126,"text":71285},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":71288},[71289,71290,71291,71292],{"id":71194,"depth":126,"text":71195},{"id":71204,"depth":126,"text":71205},{"id":71218,"depth":126,"text":71219},{"id":71229,"depth":126,"text":71230},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69311,"description":71294},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71301,"title":71302,"body":71303,"description":73089,"extension":1528,"meta":73090,"navigation":129,"path":73091,"seo":73092,"stem":73093,"__hash__":73094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71304,"toc":73071},[71305,71308,71313,71319,71321,71391,71397,71401,71406,71427,71430,71497,71499,71520,71528,71530,71549,71565,71567,71632,71634,71659,71661,71663,71728,71730,71755,71757,71771,71774,71827,71829,71850,71854,71862,71935,71937,71970,71976,71982,72073,72075,72100,72106,72195,72197,72221,72223,72227,72282,72284,72316,72319,72322,72416,72418,72451,72457,72463,72467,72474,72500,72504,72569,72571,72596,72600,72681,72683,72712,72717,72722,72728,72732,72739,72761,72765,72824,72826,72850,72859,72864,72866,72870,72899,72901,72976,72979,72993,72999,73001,73005,73008,73012,73017,73021,73030,73034,73042,73044,73068],[10,71306,71302],{"id":71307},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71309,1545,71310,71312],{},[15,71311,54661],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71314,71315,71316,71318],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[43,71317,2040],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[51,71320,1570],{"id":1569},[56,71322,71324],{"className":58,"code":71323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71325,71326,71358,71376,71386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71327,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71329,7353],{"class":71},[65,71331,76],{"class":75},[65,71333,1339],{"class":79},[65,71335,488],{"class":487},[65,71337,3648],{"class":491},[65,71339,488],{"class":487},[65,71341,87],{"class":79},[65,71343,499],{"class":487},[65,71345,3657],{"class":491},[65,71347,488],{"class":487},[65,71349,87],{"class":79},[65,71351,499],{"class":487},[65,71353,32797],{"class":491},[65,71355,488],{"class":487},[65,71357,1352],{"class":79},[65,71359,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71361,7384],{"class":71},[65,71363,144],{"class":79},[65,71365,34372],{"class":147},[65,71367,151],{"class":79},[65,71369,488],{"class":487},[65,71371,3657],{"class":491},[65,71373,488],{"class":487},[65,71375,157],{"class":79},[65,71377,71378,71380,71382,71384],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71379,164],{"class":163},[65,71381,151],{"class":79},[65,71383,7384],{"class":147},[65,71385,157],{"class":79},[65,71387,71388],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71389,71390],{"class":175},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71392,1660,71393,71396],{},[15,71394,71395],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[51,71398,71400],{"id":71399},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71402,71403,71405],{},[15,71404,55115],{}," is a list method that:",[33,71407,71408,71414,71419,71424],{},[36,71409,71410,71411,71413],{},"Deletes the ",[43,71412,29484],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,71415,71416,71417],{},"Changes the original list ",[43,71418,10909],{},[36,71420,1289,71421,71423],{},[43,71422,45],{}," return a new list",[36,71425,71426],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71428,71429],{},"This is important for beginners:",[56,71431,71433],{"className":58,"code":71432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71434,71435,71455,71473,71477,71487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71436,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71438,3185],{"class":71},[65,71440,76],{"class":75},[65,71442,1339],{"class":79},[65,71444,84],{"class":83},[65,71446,87],{"class":79},[65,71448,90],{"class":83},[65,71450,87],{"class":79},[65,71452,95],{"class":83},[65,71454,1352],{"class":79},[65,71456,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71458,136],{"class":71},[65,71460,76],{"class":75},[65,71462,3833],{"class":71},[65,71464,144],{"class":79},[65,71466,34372],{"class":147},[65,71468,151],{"class":79},[65,71470,1624],{"class":83},[65,71472,157],{"class":79},[65,71474,71475],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71476,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71480,164],{"class":163},[65,71482,151],{"class":79},[65,71484,3215],{"class":147},[65,71486,157],{"class":79},[65,71488,71489,71491,71493,71495],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,71490,164],{"class":163},[65,71492,151],{"class":79},[65,71494,169],{"class":147},[65,71496,157],{"class":79},[20,71498,350],{},[56,71500,71502],{"className":58,"code":71501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71503,71504,71516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71505,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71507,3469],{"class":79},[65,71509,84],{"class":83},[65,71511,87],{"class":79},[65,71513,95],{"class":83},[65,71515,1352],{"class":79},[65,71517,71518],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71519,11383],{"class":3419},[20,71521,71522,71523,71525,71526,144],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71524,55115],{}," itself returned ",[15,71527,3344],{},[51,71529,5000],{"id":4999},[56,71531,71533],{"className":58,"code":71532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71534,71535],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71536,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71538,7669],{"class":1259},[65,71540,144],{"class":79},[65,71542,34372],{"class":147},[65,71544,151],{"class":79},[65,71546,2040],{"class":147},[65,71548,157],{"class":79},[33,71550,71551,71556,71559],{},[36,71552,71553,71555],{},[15,71554,2040],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,71557,71558],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,71560,71561,71562,71564],{},"Only the ",[43,71563,29484],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71566,267],{},[56,71568,71570],{"className":58,"code":71569,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71571,71572,71604,71622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71573,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71575,35670],{"class":71},[65,71577,76],{"class":75},[65,71579,1339],{"class":79},[65,71581,488],{"class":487},[65,71583,210],{"class":491},[65,71585,488],{"class":487},[65,71587,87],{"class":79},[65,71589,499],{"class":487},[65,71591,154],{"class":491},[65,71593,488],{"class":487},[65,71595,87],{"class":79},[65,71597,499],{"class":487},[65,71599,9317],{"class":491},[65,71601,488],{"class":487},[65,71603,1352],{"class":79},[65,71605,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71607,35723],{"class":71},[65,71609,144],{"class":79},[65,71611,34372],{"class":147},[65,71613,151],{"class":79},[65,71615,488],{"class":487},[65,71617,154],{"class":491},[65,71619,488],{"class":487},[65,71621,157],{"class":79},[65,71623,71624,71626,71628,71630],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71625,164],{"class":163},[65,71627,151],{"class":79},[65,71629,35723],{"class":147},[65,71631,157],{"class":79},[20,71633,350],{},[56,71635,71637],{"className":58,"code":71636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71638,71639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71640,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71642,3469],{"class":79},[65,71644,594],{"class":487},[65,71646,210],{"class":491},[65,71648,594],{"class":487},[65,71650,87],{"class":79},[65,71652,603],{"class":487},[65,71654,9317],{"class":491},[65,71656,594],{"class":487},[65,71658,1352],{"class":79},[51,71660,5356],{"id":5355},[20,71662,64759],{},[56,71664,71666],{"className":58,"code":71665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71667,71668,71700,71718],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71669,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71671,12652],{"class":71},[65,71673,76],{"class":75},[65,71675,1339],{"class":79},[65,71677,488],{"class":487},[65,71679,492],{"class":491},[65,71681,488],{"class":487},[65,71683,87],{"class":79},[65,71685,499],{"class":487},[65,71687,502],{"class":491},[65,71689,488],{"class":487},[65,71691,87],{"class":79},[65,71693,499],{"class":487},[65,71695,511],{"class":491},[65,71697,488],{"class":487},[65,71699,1352],{"class":79},[65,71701,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71703,17077],{"class":71},[65,71705,144],{"class":79},[65,71707,34372],{"class":147},[65,71709,151],{"class":79},[65,71711,488],{"class":487},[65,71713,502],{"class":491},[65,71715,488],{"class":487},[65,71717,157],{"class":79},[65,71719,71720,71722,71724,71726],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71721,164],{"class":163},[65,71723,151],{"class":79},[65,71725,17077],{"class":147},[65,71727,157],{"class":79},[20,71729,350],{},[56,71731,71733],{"className":58,"code":71732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71734,71735],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71736,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71738,3469],{"class":79},[65,71740,594],{"class":487},[65,71742,492],{"class":491},[65,71744,594],{"class":487},[65,71746,87],{"class":79},[65,71748,603],{"class":487},[65,71750,511],{"class":491},[65,71752,594],{"class":487},[65,71754,1352],{"class":79},[20,71756,11258],{},[33,71758,71759,71762,71768],{},[36,71760,71761],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,71763,71764,71767],{},[15,71765,71766],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,71769,71770],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71772,71773],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[56,71775,71777],{"className":58,"code":71776,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71778,71779,71803,71817],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71780,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71782,4632],{"class":71},[65,71784,76],{"class":75},[65,71786,1339],{"class":79},[65,71788,1898],{"class":83},[65,71790,87],{"class":79},[65,71792,7364],{"class":83},[65,71794,87],{"class":79},[65,71796,7369],{"class":83},[65,71798,87],{"class":79},[65,71800,50428],{"class":83},[65,71802,1352],{"class":79},[65,71804,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71806,15964],{"class":71},[65,71808,144],{"class":79},[65,71810,34372],{"class":147},[65,71812,151],{"class":79},[65,71814,36421],{"class":83},[65,71816,157],{"class":79},[65,71818,71819,71821,71823,71825],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71820,164],{"class":163},[65,71822,151],{"class":79},[65,71824,15964],{"class":147},[65,71826,157],{"class":79},[20,71828,350],{},[56,71830,71832],{"className":58,"code":71831,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71833,71834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71835,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71837,3469],{"class":79},[65,71839,1898],{"class":83},[65,71841,87],{"class":79},[65,71843,7364],{"class":83},[65,71845,87],{"class":79},[65,71847,50428],{"class":83},[65,71849,1352],{"class":79},[51,71851,71853],{"id":71852},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71855,64749,71856,71858,71859,71861],{},[15,71857,55115],{}," deletes only the ",[43,71860,29484],{}," one.",[56,71863,71865],{"className":58,"code":71864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71866,71867,71907,71925],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71868,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71870,7353],{"class":71},[65,71872,76],{"class":75},[65,71874,1339],{"class":79},[65,71876,488],{"class":487},[65,71878,3648],{"class":491},[65,71880,488],{"class":487},[65,71882,87],{"class":79},[65,71884,499],{"class":487},[65,71886,3657],{"class":491},[65,71888,488],{"class":487},[65,71890,87],{"class":79},[65,71892,499],{"class":487},[65,71894,3648],{"class":491},[65,71896,488],{"class":487},[65,71898,87],{"class":79},[65,71900,499],{"class":487},[65,71902,32797],{"class":491},[65,71904,488],{"class":487},[65,71906,1352],{"class":79},[65,71908,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,71910,7384],{"class":71},[65,71912,144],{"class":79},[65,71914,34372],{"class":147},[65,71916,151],{"class":79},[65,71918,488],{"class":487},[65,71920,3648],{"class":491},[65,71922,488],{"class":487},[65,71924,157],{"class":79},[65,71926,71927,71929,71931,71933],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,71928,164],{"class":163},[65,71930,151],{"class":79},[65,71932,7384],{"class":147},[65,71934,157],{"class":79},[20,71936,350],{},[56,71938,71940],{"className":58,"code":71939,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71941,71942],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71943,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71945,3469],{"class":79},[65,71947,594],{"class":487},[65,71949,3657],{"class":491},[65,71951,594],{"class":487},[65,71953,87],{"class":79},[65,71955,603],{"class":487},[65,71957,3648],{"class":491},[65,71959,594],{"class":487},[65,71961,87],{"class":79},[65,71963,603],{"class":487},[65,71965,32797],{"class":491},[65,71967,594],{"class":487},[65,71969,1352],{"class":79},[20,71971,71972,71973,71975],{},"Only the first ",[15,71974,57418],{}," was removed.",[20,71977,71978,71979,71981],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71980,55115],{}," again:",[56,71983,71985],{"className":58,"code":71984,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71986,71987,72027,72045,72063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71988,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71990,7353],{"class":71},[65,71992,76],{"class":75},[65,71994,1339],{"class":79},[65,71996,488],{"class":487},[65,71998,3648],{"class":491},[65,72000,488],{"class":487},[65,72002,87],{"class":79},[65,72004,499],{"class":487},[65,72006,3657],{"class":491},[65,72008,488],{"class":487},[65,72010,87],{"class":79},[65,72012,499],{"class":487},[65,72014,3648],{"class":491},[65,72016,488],{"class":487},[65,72018,87],{"class":79},[65,72020,499],{"class":487},[65,72022,32797],{"class":491},[65,72024,488],{"class":487},[65,72026,1352],{"class":79},[65,72028,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72030,7384],{"class":71},[65,72032,144],{"class":79},[65,72034,34372],{"class":147},[65,72036,151],{"class":79},[65,72038,488],{"class":487},[65,72040,3648],{"class":491},[65,72042,488],{"class":487},[65,72044,157],{"class":79},[65,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72048,7384],{"class":71},[65,72050,144],{"class":79},[65,72052,34372],{"class":147},[65,72054,151],{"class":79},[65,72056,488],{"class":487},[65,72058,3648],{"class":491},[65,72060,488],{"class":487},[65,72062,157],{"class":79},[65,72064,72065,72067,72069,72071],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72066,164],{"class":163},[65,72068,151],{"class":79},[65,72070,7384],{"class":147},[65,72072,157],{"class":79},[20,72074,350],{},[56,72076,72078],{"className":58,"code":72077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72079,72080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72081,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72083,3469],{"class":79},[65,72085,594],{"class":487},[65,72087,3657],{"class":491},[65,72089,594],{"class":487},[65,72091,87],{"class":79},[65,72093,603],{"class":487},[65,72095,32797],{"class":491},[65,72097,594],{"class":487},[65,72099,1352],{"class":79},[20,72101,72102,72103,72105],{},"If you need to remove ",[43,72104,3281],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[56,72107,72109],{"className":58,"code":72108,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72110,72111,72151,72185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72112,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72114,7353],{"class":71},[65,72116,76],{"class":75},[65,72118,1339],{"class":79},[65,72120,488],{"class":487},[65,72122,3648],{"class":491},[65,72124,488],{"class":487},[65,72126,87],{"class":79},[65,72128,499],{"class":487},[65,72130,3657],{"class":491},[65,72132,488],{"class":487},[65,72134,87],{"class":79},[65,72136,499],{"class":487},[65,72138,3648],{"class":491},[65,72140,488],{"class":487},[65,72142,87],{"class":79},[65,72144,499],{"class":487},[65,72146,32797],{"class":491},[65,72148,488],{"class":487},[65,72150,1352],{"class":79},[65,72152,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72170,72172,72174,72177,72179,72181,72183],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72154,7353],{"class":71},[65,72156,76],{"class":75},[65,72158,1339],{"class":79},[65,72160,28113],{"class":71},[65,72162,5527],{"class":3444},[65,72164,5530],{"class":71},[65,72166,3451],{"class":3444},[65,72168,72169],{"class":71}," items ",[65,72171,6569],{"class":3444},[65,72173,5530],{"class":71},[65,72175,72176],{"class":75},"!=",[65,72178,499],{"class":487},[65,72180,3648],{"class":491},[65,72182,488],{"class":487},[65,72184,1352],{"class":79},[65,72186,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72188,164],{"class":163},[65,72190,151],{"class":79},[65,72192,7384],{"class":147},[65,72194,157],{"class":79},[20,72196,350],{},[56,72198,72199],{"className":58,"code":72077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,72200,72201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72202,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72204,3469],{"class":79},[65,72206,594],{"class":487},[65,72208,3657],{"class":491},[65,72210,594],{"class":487},[65,72212,87],{"class":79},[65,72214,603],{"class":487},[65,72216,32797],{"class":491},[65,72218,594],{"class":487},[65,72220,1352],{"class":79},[51,72222,65214],{"id":65213},[20,72224,65217,72225,144],{},[15,72226,40286],{},[56,72228,72230],{"className":58,"code":72229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72231,72232,72264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72233,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72235,7353],{"class":71},[65,72237,76],{"class":75},[65,72239,1339],{"class":79},[65,72241,488],{"class":487},[65,72243,3648],{"class":491},[65,72245,488],{"class":487},[65,72247,87],{"class":79},[65,72249,499],{"class":487},[65,72251,3657],{"class":491},[65,72253,488],{"class":487},[65,72255,87],{"class":79},[65,72257,499],{"class":487},[65,72259,32797],{"class":491},[65,72261,488],{"class":487},[65,72263,1352],{"class":79},[65,72265,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72267,7384],{"class":71},[65,72269,144],{"class":79},[65,72271,34372],{"class":147},[65,72273,151],{"class":79},[65,72275,488],{"class":487},[65,72277,22107],{"class":491},[65,72279,488],{"class":487},[65,72281,157],{"class":79},[20,72283,350],{},[56,72285,72287],{"className":58,"code":72286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72288,72289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72290,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72292,40286],{"class":1259},[65,72294,191],{"class":79},[65,72296,22134],{"class":1259},[65,72298,144],{"class":79},[65,72300,34372],{"class":147},[65,72302,151],{"class":79},[65,72304,1742],{"class":147},[65,72306,16027],{"class":79},[65,72308,3448],{"class":71},[65,72310,45],{"class":75},[65,72312,20749],{"class":75},[65,72314,72315],{"class":1259}," list\n",[20,72317,72318],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72320,72321],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[56,72323,72325],{"className":58,"code":72324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72326,72327,72359,72371,72375,72387,72402,72406],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72328,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72330,7353],{"class":71},[65,72332,76],{"class":75},[65,72334,1339],{"class":79},[65,72336,488],{"class":487},[65,72338,3648],{"class":491},[65,72340,488],{"class":487},[65,72342,87],{"class":79},[65,72344,499],{"class":487},[65,72346,3657],{"class":491},[65,72348,488],{"class":487},[65,72350,87],{"class":79},[65,72352,499],{"class":487},[65,72354,32797],{"class":491},[65,72356,488],{"class":487},[65,72358,1352],{"class":79},[65,72360,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72362,2015],{"class":71},[65,72364,76],{"class":75},[65,72366,499],{"class":487},[65,72368,22107],{"class":491},[65,72370,2925],{"class":487},[65,72372,72373],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72374,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72378,6569],{"class":3444},[65,72380,21159],{"class":71},[65,72382,3451],{"class":75},[65,72384,5535],{"class":71},[65,72386,5963],{"class":79},[65,72388,72389,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,72390,72391],{"class":71},"    items",[65,72393,144],{"class":79},[65,72395,34372],{"class":147},[65,72397,151],{"class":79},[65,72399,2040],{"class":147},[65,72401,157],{"class":79},[65,72403,72404],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,72405,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,72409,164],{"class":163},[65,72411,151],{"class":79},[65,72413,7384],{"class":147},[65,72415,157],{"class":79},[20,72417,350],{},[56,72419,72421],{"className":58,"code":72420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72422,72423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72424,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72426,3469],{"class":79},[65,72428,594],{"class":487},[65,72430,3648],{"class":491},[65,72432,594],{"class":487},[65,72434,87],{"class":79},[65,72436,603],{"class":487},[65,72438,3657],{"class":491},[65,72440,594],{"class":487},[65,72442,87],{"class":79},[65,72444,603],{"class":487},[65,72446,32797],{"class":491},[65,72448,594],{"class":487},[65,72450,1352],{"class":79},[20,72452,72453,72454,72456],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72455,55115],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72458,72459,72460,144],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[210,72461,65423],{"href":72462},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[51,72464,72466],{"id":72465},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72468,72469,634,72471,72473],{},[15,72470,55115],{},[15,72472,12338],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,72475,72476,72483,72489,72495],{},[36,72477,72478,72480,72481],{},[15,72479,55115],{}," deletes by ",[43,72482,2040],{},[36,72484,72485,72480,72487],{},[15,72486,12338],{},[43,72488,35425],{},[36,72490,72491,1965,72493],{},[15,72492,55115],{},[15,72494,3344],{},[36,72496,72497,72499],{},[15,72498,12338],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72501,45624,72502,191],{},[15,72503,55115],{},[56,72505,72507],{"className":58,"code":72506,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72508,72509,72541,72559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72512,7353],{"class":71},[65,72514,76],{"class":75},[65,72516,1339],{"class":79},[65,72518,488],{"class":487},[65,72520,3648],{"class":491},[65,72522,488],{"class":487},[65,72524,87],{"class":79},[65,72526,499],{"class":487},[65,72528,3657],{"class":491},[65,72530,488],{"class":487},[65,72532,87],{"class":79},[65,72534,499],{"class":487},[65,72536,32797],{"class":491},[65,72538,488],{"class":487},[65,72540,1352],{"class":79},[65,72542,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72544,7384],{"class":71},[65,72546,144],{"class":79},[65,72548,34372],{"class":147},[65,72550,151],{"class":79},[65,72552,488],{"class":487},[65,72554,3657],{"class":491},[65,72556,488],{"class":487},[65,72558,157],{"class":79},[65,72560,72561,72563,72565,72567],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72562,164],{"class":163},[65,72564,151],{"class":79},[65,72566,7384],{"class":147},[65,72568,157],{"class":79},[20,72570,350],{},[56,72572,72574],{"className":58,"code":72573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72575,72576],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72577,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72579,3469],{"class":79},[65,72581,594],{"class":487},[65,72583,3648],{"class":491},[65,72585,594],{"class":487},[65,72587,87],{"class":79},[65,72589,603],{"class":487},[65,72591,32797],{"class":491},[65,72593,594],{"class":487},[65,72595,1352],{"class":79},[20,72597,45624,72598,191],{},[15,72599,12338],{},[56,72601,72603],{"className":58,"code":72602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72604,72605,72637,72656,72660,72670],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72606,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72608,7353],{"class":71},[65,72610,76],{"class":75},[65,72612,1339],{"class":79},[65,72614,488],{"class":487},[65,72616,3648],{"class":491},[65,72618,488],{"class":487},[65,72620,87],{"class":79},[65,72622,499],{"class":487},[65,72624,3657],{"class":491},[65,72626,488],{"class":487},[65,72628,87],{"class":79},[65,72630,499],{"class":487},[65,72632,32797],{"class":491},[65,72634,488],{"class":487},[65,72636,1352],{"class":79},[65,72638,72639,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72640,72641],{"class":71},"removed_item ",[65,72643,76],{"class":75},[65,72645,5535],{"class":71},[65,72647,144],{"class":79},[65,72649,25817],{"class":147},[65,72651,151],{"class":79},[65,72653,84],{"class":83},[65,72655,157],{"class":79},[65,72657,72658],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72659,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,72661,72662,72664,72666,72668],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72663,164],{"class":163},[65,72665,151],{"class":79},[65,72667,7384],{"class":147},[65,72669,157],{"class":79},[65,72671,72672,72674,72676,72679],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,72673,164],{"class":163},[65,72675,151],{"class":79},[65,72677,72678],{"class":147},"removed_item",[65,72680,157],{"class":79},[20,72682,350],{},[56,72684,72686],{"className":58,"code":72685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72687,72688,72708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72689,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72691,3469],{"class":79},[65,72693,594],{"class":487},[65,72695,3648],{"class":491},[65,72697,594],{"class":487},[65,72699,87],{"class":79},[65,72701,603],{"class":487},[65,72703,32797],{"class":491},[65,72705,594],{"class":487},[65,72707,1352],{"class":79},[65,72709,72710],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72711,69990],{"class":71},[20,72713,1660,72714,72716],{},[15,72715,55115],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72718,1660,72719,72721],{},[15,72720,12338],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72723,72724,72725,144],{},"For more detail, see the ",[210,72726,72727],{"href":54665},"Python list pop() method",[51,72729,72731],{"id":72730},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72733,72734,634,72736,72738],{},[15,72735,55115],{},[15,72737,26601],{}," are also different.",[33,72740,72741,72746,72751,72756],{},[36,72742,72743,72745],{},[15,72744,55115],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,72747,72748,72750],{},[15,72749,26601],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,72752,1660,72753,72755],{},[15,72754,26601],{}," when you know the position",[36,72757,1660,72758,72760],{},[15,72759,55115],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72762,45624,72763,191],{},[15,72764,26601],{},[56,72766,72768],{"className":58,"code":72767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72769,72770,72802,72814],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72771,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72773,7353],{"class":71},[65,72775,76],{"class":75},[65,72777,1339],{"class":79},[65,72779,488],{"class":487},[65,72781,3648],{"class":491},[65,72783,488],{"class":487},[65,72785,87],{"class":79},[65,72787,499],{"class":487},[65,72789,3657],{"class":491},[65,72791,488],{"class":487},[65,72793,87],{"class":79},[65,72795,499],{"class":487},[65,72797,32797],{"class":491},[65,72799,488],{"class":487},[65,72801,1352],{"class":79},[65,72803,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72805,26601],{"class":3444},[65,72807,5535],{"class":71},[65,72809,3469],{"class":79},[65,72811,84],{"class":83},[65,72813,1352],{"class":79},[65,72815,72816,72818,72820,72822],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72817,164],{"class":163},[65,72819,151],{"class":79},[65,72821,7384],{"class":147},[65,72823,157],{"class":79},[20,72825,350],{},[56,72827,72828],{"className":58,"code":72573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,72829,72830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72831,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72833,3469],{"class":79},[65,72835,594],{"class":487},[65,72837,3648],{"class":491},[65,72839,594],{"class":487},[65,72841,87],{"class":79},[65,72843,603],{"class":487},[65,72845,32797],{"class":491},[65,72847,594],{"class":487},[65,72849,1352],{"class":79},[20,72851,72852,72853,72855,72856,72858],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72854,84],{},", not the value ",[15,72857,64859],{}," directly.",[20,72860,72861,72862,144],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[210,72863,54654],{"href":54653},[51,72865,2396],{"id":2395},[20,72867,1112,72868,191],{},[15,72869,55115],{},[33,72871,72872,72875,72880,72887,72896],{},[36,72873,72874],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,72876,8030,72877,72879],{},[15,72878,55115],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,72881,12170,72882,72884,72885],{},[15,72883,55115],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72886,3344],{},[36,72888,7994,72889,1169,72891,214,72893,72895],{},[15,72890,55115],{},[15,72892,12338],{},[15,72894,26601],{}," would be a better fit",[36,72897,72898],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72900,71090],{},[56,72902,72904],{"className":58,"code":72903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72905,72906,72916,72930,72948,72962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72907,72908,72910,72912,72914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72909,164],{"class":163},[65,72911,151],{"class":79},[65,72913,7915],{"class":147},[65,72915,157],{"class":79},[65,72917,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,72919,164],{"class":163},[65,72921,151],{"class":79},[65,72923,2015],{"class":147},[65,72925,3451],{"class":3444},[65,72927,7972],{"class":147},[65,72929,157],{"class":79},[65,72931,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,72933,164],{"class":163},[65,72935,151],{"class":79},[65,72937,7915],{"class":147},[65,72939,144],{"class":79},[65,72941,40842],{"class":147},[65,72943,151],{"class":79},[65,72945,2040],{"class":147},[65,72947,1028],{"class":79},[65,72949,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72951,164],{"class":163},[65,72953,151],{"class":79},[65,72955,1260],{"class":1259},[65,72957,151],{"class":79},[65,72959,7915],{"class":147},[65,72961,1028],{"class":79},[65,72963,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,72965,31728],{"class":163},[65,72967,151],{"class":79},[65,72969,7669],{"class":1259},[65,72971,144],{"class":79},[65,72973,34372],{"class":24325},[65,72975,157],{"class":79},[20,72977,72978],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,72980,72981,72984,72987,72990],{},[36,72982,72983],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,72985,72986],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,72988,72989],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,72991,72992],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72994,72995,72996,72998],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[210,72997,71254],{"href":58549}," may also help.",[51,73000,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,73002,73004],{"id":73003},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73006,73007],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1286,73009,73011],{"id":73010},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73013,4717,73014,73016],{},[15,73015,3344],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1286,73018,73020],{"id":73019},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73022,73023,73024,73027,73028,144],{},"Check with ",[15,73025,73026],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73029,55115],{},[1286,73031,73033],{"id":73032},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73035,1660,73036,73038,73039,73041],{},[15,73037,55115],{}," for a value and ",[15,73040,12338],{}," for an index.",[51,73043,1455],{"id":1454},[33,73045,73046,73050,73054,73058,73062],{},[36,73047,73048],{},[210,73049,55101],{"href":54653},[36,73051,73052],{},[210,73053,72727],{"href":54665},[36,73055,73056],{},[210,73057,71254],{"href":58549},[36,73059,73060],{},[210,73061,65423],{"href":72462},[36,73063,73064],{},[210,73065,73067],{"href":73066},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1499,73069,73070],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":73072},[73073,73074,73075,73076,73077,73078,73079,73080,73081,73082,73088],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":71399,"depth":101,"text":71400},{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000},{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":71852,"depth":101,"text":71853},{"id":65213,"depth":101,"text":65214},{"id":72465,"depth":101,"text":72466},{"id":72730,"depth":101,"text":72731},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":73083},[73084,73085,73086,73087],{"id":73003,"depth":126,"text":73004},{"id":73010,"depth":126,"text":73011},{"id":73019,"depth":126,"text":73020},{"id":73032,"depth":126,"text":73033},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71302,"description":73089},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73096,"title":73097,"body":73098,"description":74989,"extension":1528,"meta":74990,"navigation":129,"path":74991,"seo":74992,"stem":74993,"__hash__":74994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73099,"toc":74959},[73100,73106,73112,73115,73126,73128,73177,73182,73187,73191,73206,73208,73273,73275,73316,73318,73320,73335,73337,73348,73350,73407,73409,73442,73444,73447,73496,73498,73523,73525,73541,73547,73554,73615,73617,73650,73655,73658,73738,73740,73801,73807,73811,73814,73878,73880,73905,73907,73927,73929,73978,73980,74001,74010,74013,74017,74022,74067,74069,74090,74096,74101,74109,74173,74175,74212,74218,74222,74229,74294,74296,74333,74337,74354,74364,74369,74374,74385,74392,74394,74400,74423,74426,74453,74458,74461,74562,74564,74619,74622,74729,74731,74802,74805,74831,74833,74838,74842,74850,74855,74860,74866,74871,74875,74878,74895,74898,74918,74926,74928,74956],[10,73101,53928,73103,18],{"id":73102},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73104,73105],{},"reverse()",[20,73107,73108,73111],{},[15,73109,73110],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73113,73114],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73116,73117,73118,73120,73121,73125],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73119,73105],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[210,73122,73124],{"href":73123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[51,73127,54],{"id":53},[56,73129,73131],{"className":58,"code":73130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73132,73133,73153,73164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73134,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73136,3185],{"class":71},[65,73138,76],{"class":75},[65,73140,1339],{"class":79},[65,73142,84],{"class":83},[65,73144,87],{"class":79},[65,73146,90],{"class":83},[65,73148,87],{"class":79},[65,73150,95],{"class":83},[65,73152,1352],{"class":79},[65,73154,73155,73157,73159,73162],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73156,3215],{"class":71},[65,73158,144],{"class":79},[65,73160,73161],{"class":147},"reverse",[65,73163,8220],{"class":79},[65,73165,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73167,164],{"class":163},[65,73169,151],{"class":79},[65,73171,3215],{"class":147},[65,73173,172],{"class":79},[65,73175,73176],{"class":175},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73178,73179,73181],{},[15,73180,73105],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[51,73183,183,73185,186],{"id":73184},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73186,73110],{},[20,73188,73189,191],{},[15,73190,73110],{},[33,73192,73193,73196,73199,73203],{},[36,73194,73195],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,73197,73198],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,73200,10999,73201],{},[15,73202,3344],{},[36,73204,73205],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73207,267],{},[56,73209,73211],{"className":58,"code":73210,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73212,73213,73253,73263],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73214,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73216,35670],{"class":71},[65,73218,76],{"class":75},[65,73220,1339],{"class":79},[65,73222,488],{"class":487},[65,73224,210],{"class":491},[65,73226,488],{"class":487},[65,73228,87],{"class":79},[65,73230,499],{"class":487},[65,73232,154],{"class":491},[65,73234,488],{"class":487},[65,73236,87],{"class":79},[65,73238,499],{"class":487},[65,73240,9317],{"class":491},[65,73242,488],{"class":487},[65,73244,87],{"class":79},[65,73246,499],{"class":487},[65,73248,18342],{"class":491},[65,73250,488],{"class":487},[65,73252,1352],{"class":79},[65,73254,73255,73257,73259,73261],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73256,35723],{"class":71},[65,73258,144],{"class":79},[65,73260,73161],{"class":147},[65,73262,8220],{"class":79},[65,73264,73265,73267,73269,73271],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73266,164],{"class":163},[65,73268,151],{"class":79},[65,73270,35723],{"class":147},[65,73272,157],{"class":79},[20,73274,350],{},[56,73276,73278],{"className":58,"code":73277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73279,73280],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73281,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73283,3469],{"class":79},[65,73285,594],{"class":487},[65,73287,18342],{"class":491},[65,73289,594],{"class":487},[65,73291,87],{"class":79},[65,73293,603],{"class":487},[65,73295,9317],{"class":491},[65,73297,594],{"class":487},[65,73299,87],{"class":79},[65,73301,603],{"class":487},[65,73303,154],{"class":491},[65,73305,594],{"class":487},[65,73307,87],{"class":79},[65,73309,603],{"class":487},[65,73311,210],{"class":491},[65,73313,594],{"class":487},[65,73315,1352],{"class":79},[51,73317,222],{"id":221},[20,73319,1728],{},[56,73321,73323],{"className":58,"code":73322,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73324,73325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73326,73327,73329,73331,73333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73328,7915],{"class":71},[65,73330,144],{"class":79},[65,73332,73161],{"class":147},[65,73334,8220],{"class":79},[20,73336,12628],{},[33,73338,73339,73342,73345],{},[36,73340,73341],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,73343,73344],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,73346,73347],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73349,267],{},[56,73351,73353],{"className":58,"code":73352,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73354,73355,73387,73397],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73356,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73358,12652],{"class":71},[65,73360,76],{"class":75},[65,73362,1339],{"class":79},[65,73364,488],{"class":487},[65,73366,492],{"class":491},[65,73368,488],{"class":487},[65,73370,87],{"class":79},[65,73372,499],{"class":487},[65,73374,511],{"class":491},[65,73376,488],{"class":487},[65,73378,87],{"class":79},[65,73380,499],{"class":487},[65,73382,502],{"class":491},[65,73384,488],{"class":487},[65,73386,1352],{"class":79},[65,73388,73389,73391,73393,73395],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73390,17077],{"class":71},[65,73392,144],{"class":79},[65,73394,73161],{"class":147},[65,73396,8220],{"class":79},[65,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73400,164],{"class":163},[65,73402,151],{"class":79},[65,73404,17077],{"class":147},[65,73406,157],{"class":79},[20,73408,350],{},[56,73410,73412],{"className":58,"code":73411,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73413,73414],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73415,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73417,3469],{"class":79},[65,73419,594],{"class":487},[65,73421,502],{"class":491},[65,73423,594],{"class":487},[65,73425,87],{"class":79},[65,73427,603],{"class":487},[65,73429,511],{"class":491},[65,73431,594],{"class":487},[65,73433,87],{"class":79},[65,73435,603],{"class":487},[65,73437,492],{"class":491},[65,73439,594],{"class":487},[65,73441,1352],{"class":79},[51,73443,467],{"id":466},[20,73445,73446],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[56,73448,73450],{"className":58,"code":73449,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73451,73452,73476,73486],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73453,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73455,3185],{"class":71},[65,73457,76],{"class":75},[65,73459,1339],{"class":79},[65,73461,1898],{"class":83},[65,73463,87],{"class":79},[65,73465,7364],{"class":83},[65,73467,87],{"class":79},[65,73469,7369],{"class":83},[65,73471,87],{"class":79},[65,73473,50428],{"class":83},[65,73475,1352],{"class":79},[65,73477,73478,73480,73482,73484],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73479,3215],{"class":71},[65,73481,144],{"class":79},[65,73483,73161],{"class":147},[65,73485,8220],{"class":79},[65,73487,73488,73490,73492,73494],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73489,164],{"class":163},[65,73491,151],{"class":79},[65,73493,3215],{"class":147},[65,73495,157],{"class":79},[20,73497,350],{},[56,73499,73501],{"className":58,"code":73500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73502,73503],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73504,73505,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73506,3469],{"class":79},[65,73508,56279],{"class":83},[65,73510,87],{"class":79},[65,73512,7369],{"class":83},[65,73514,87],{"class":79},[65,73516,7364],{"class":83},[65,73518,87],{"class":79},[65,73520,5574],{"class":83},[65,73522,1352],{"class":79},[20,73524,11258],{},[33,73526,73527,73533,73538],{},[36,73528,73529,73530],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73531,73532],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,73534,73535,73537],{},[15,73536,73105],{}," flips the order",[36,73539,73540],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[51,73542,73544,73546],{"id":73543},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73545,73105],{}," changes the original list",[20,73548,73549,73550,73553],{},"This method is ",[43,73551,73552],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[56,73555,73557],{"className":58,"code":73556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73558,73559,73591,73601,73605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73560,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73562,35819],{"class":71},[65,73564,76],{"class":75},[65,73566,1339],{"class":79},[65,73568,488],{"class":487},[65,73570,3648],{"class":491},[65,73572,488],{"class":487},[65,73574,87],{"class":79},[65,73576,499],{"class":487},[65,73578,3657],{"class":491},[65,73580,488],{"class":487},[65,73582,87],{"class":79},[65,73584,499],{"class":487},[65,73586,3666],{"class":491},[65,73588,488],{"class":487},[65,73590,1352],{"class":79},[65,73592,73593,73595,73597,73599],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73594,35871],{"class":71},[65,73596,144],{"class":79},[65,73598,73161],{"class":147},[65,73600,8220],{"class":79},[65,73602,73603],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73604,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73608,164],{"class":163},[65,73610,151],{"class":79},[65,73612,35871],{"class":147},[65,73614,157],{"class":79},[20,73616,350],{},[56,73618,73620],{"className":58,"code":73619,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73621,73622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73623,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73625,3469],{"class":79},[65,73627,594],{"class":487},[65,73629,3666],{"class":491},[65,73631,594],{"class":487},[65,73633,87],{"class":79},[65,73635,603],{"class":487},[65,73637,3657],{"class":491},[65,73639,594],{"class":487},[65,73641,87],{"class":79},[65,73643,603],{"class":487},[65,73645,3648],{"class":491},[65,73647,594],{"class":487},[65,73649,1352],{"class":79},[20,73651,1660,73652,73654],{},[15,73653,73105],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73656,73657],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[56,73659,73661],{"className":58,"code":73660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73662,73663,73695,73713,73717,73727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73664,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73666,35819],{"class":71},[65,73668,76],{"class":75},[65,73670,1339],{"class":79},[65,73672,488],{"class":487},[65,73674,3648],{"class":491},[65,73676,488],{"class":487},[65,73678,87],{"class":79},[65,73680,499],{"class":487},[65,73682,3657],{"class":491},[65,73684,488],{"class":487},[65,73686,87],{"class":79},[65,73688,499],{"class":487},[65,73690,3666],{"class":491},[65,73692,488],{"class":487},[65,73694,1352],{"class":79},[65,73696,73697,73700,73702,73704,73707,73709,73711],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73698,73699],{"class":71},"reversed_fruits ",[65,73701,76],{"class":75},[65,73703,52437],{"class":71},[65,73705,73706],{"class":79},"[::",[65,73708,1589],{"class":75},[65,73710,84],{"class":83},[65,73712,1352],{"class":79},[65,73714,73715],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73716,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,73718,73719,73721,73723,73725],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73720,164],{"class":163},[65,73722,151],{"class":79},[65,73724,35871],{"class":147},[65,73726,157],{"class":79},[65,73728,73729,73731,73733,73736],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,73730,164],{"class":163},[65,73732,151],{"class":79},[65,73734,73735],{"class":147},"reversed_fruits",[65,73737,157],{"class":79},[20,73739,350],{},[56,73741,73743],{"className":58,"code":73742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73744,73745,73773],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73746,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73748,3469],{"class":79},[65,73750,594],{"class":487},[65,73752,3648],{"class":491},[65,73754,594],{"class":487},[65,73756,87],{"class":79},[65,73758,603],{"class":487},[65,73760,3657],{"class":491},[65,73762,594],{"class":487},[65,73764,87],{"class":79},[65,73766,603],{"class":487},[65,73768,3666],{"class":491},[65,73770,594],{"class":487},[65,73772,1352],{"class":79},[65,73774,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73776,3469],{"class":79},[65,73778,594],{"class":487},[65,73780,3666],{"class":491},[65,73782,594],{"class":487},[65,73784,87],{"class":79},[65,73786,603],{"class":487},[65,73788,3657],{"class":491},[65,73790,594],{"class":487},[65,73792,87],{"class":79},[65,73794,603],{"class":487},[65,73796,3648],{"class":491},[65,73798,594],{"class":487},[65,73800,1352],{"class":79},[20,73802,73803,73804,144],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[210,73805,73806],{"href":73123},"Python list slicing explained",[51,73808,73810],{"id":73809},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73812,73813],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[56,73815,73817],{"className":58,"code":73816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73818,73819,73839,73853,73857,73868],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73820,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73822,3185],{"class":71},[65,73824,76],{"class":75},[65,73826,1339],{"class":79},[65,73828,84],{"class":83},[65,73830,87],{"class":79},[65,73832,90],{"class":83},[65,73834,87],{"class":79},[65,73836,95],{"class":83},[65,73838,1352],{"class":79},[65,73840,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73842,55476],{"class":71},[65,73844,76],{"class":75},[65,73846,3833],{"class":71},[65,73848,144],{"class":79},[65,73850,73161],{"class":147},[65,73852,8220],{"class":79},[65,73854,73855],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73856,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,73858,73859,73861,73863,73866],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73860,164],{"class":163},[65,73862,151],{"class":79},[65,73864,73865],{"class":147},"new_list",[65,73867,157],{"class":79},[65,73869,73870,73872,73874,73876],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,73871,164],{"class":163},[65,73873,151],{"class":79},[65,73875,3215],{"class":147},[65,73877,157],{"class":79},[20,73879,350],{},[56,73881,73883],{"className":58,"code":73882,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73884,73885,73889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73886,73887],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73888,11383],{"class":3419},[65,73890,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73892,3469],{"class":79},[65,73894,111],{"class":83},[65,73896,87],{"class":79},[65,73898,90],{"class":83},[65,73900,87],{"class":79},[65,73902,5066],{"class":83},[65,73904,1352],{"class":79},[20,73906,11475],{},[33,73908,73909,73917,73921],{},[36,73910,73911,73913,73914,73916],{},[15,73912,73105],{}," changes ",[15,73915,3215],{}," directly",[36,73918,40488,73919,71423],{},[43,73920,45],{},[36,73922,53239,73923,41738,73925],{},[15,73924,73865],{},[15,73926,3344],{},[20,73928,61483],{},[56,73930,73932],{"className":58,"code":73931,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73933,73934,73954,73964,73968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73937,3185],{"class":71},[65,73939,76],{"class":75},[65,73941,1339],{"class":79},[65,73943,84],{"class":83},[65,73945,87],{"class":79},[65,73947,90],{"class":83},[65,73949,87],{"class":79},[65,73951,95],{"class":83},[65,73953,1352],{"class":79},[65,73955,73956,73958,73960,73962],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,73957,3215],{"class":71},[65,73959,144],{"class":79},[65,73961,73161],{"class":147},[65,73963,8220],{"class":79},[65,73965,73966],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,73967,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73971,164],{"class":163},[65,73973,151],{"class":79},[65,73975,3215],{"class":147},[65,73977,157],{"class":79},[20,73979,350],{},[56,73981,73983],{"className":58,"code":73982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73984,73985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73986,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73988,3469],{"class":79},[65,73990,111],{"class":83},[65,73992,87],{"class":79},[65,73994,90],{"class":83},[65,73996,87],{"class":79},[65,73998,5066],{"class":83},[65,74000,1352],{"class":79},[51,74002,74004,657,74006,74009],{"id":74003},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74005,73105],{},[15,74007,74008],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74011,74012],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1286,74014,74015],{"id":73161},[15,74016,73105],{},[20,74018,74019,74021],{},[15,74020,73105],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[56,74023,74025],{"className":58,"code":74024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74026,74027,74047,74057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74028,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74030,3185],{"class":71},[65,74032,76],{"class":75},[65,74034,1339],{"class":79},[65,74036,111],{"class":83},[65,74038,87],{"class":79},[65,74040,5066],{"class":83},[65,74042,87],{"class":79},[65,74044,90],{"class":83},[65,74046,1352],{"class":79},[65,74048,74049,74051,74053,74055],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74050,3215],{"class":71},[65,74052,144],{"class":79},[65,74054,73161],{"class":147},[65,74056,8220],{"class":79},[65,74058,74059,74061,74063,74065],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74060,164],{"class":163},[65,74062,151],{"class":79},[65,74064,3215],{"class":147},[65,74066,157],{"class":79},[20,74068,350],{},[56,74070,74072],{"className":58,"code":74071,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74073,74074],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74075,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74077,3469],{"class":79},[65,74079,1624],{"class":83},[65,74081,87],{"class":79},[65,74083,5066],{"class":83},[65,74085,87],{"class":79},[65,74087,95],{"class":83},[65,74089,1352],{"class":79},[20,74091,74092,74093,74095],{},"Notice that this is ",[43,74094,45],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1286,74097,74099],{"id":74098},"sorted",[15,74100,74008],{},[20,74102,74103,74108],{},[210,74104,74106],{"href":74105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74107,74008],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[56,74110,74112],{"className":58,"code":74111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74113,74114,74134,74149,74153,74163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74117,3185],{"class":71},[65,74119,76],{"class":75},[65,74121,1339],{"class":79},[65,74123,111],{"class":83},[65,74125,87],{"class":79},[65,74127,5066],{"class":83},[65,74129,87],{"class":79},[65,74131,90],{"class":83},[65,74133,1352],{"class":79},[65,74135,74136,74138,74140,74143,74145,74147],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74137,136],{"class":71},[65,74139,76],{"class":75},[65,74141,74142],{"class":163}," sorted",[65,74144,151],{"class":79},[65,74146,3215],{"class":147},[65,74148,157],{"class":79},[65,74150,74151],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74152,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74154,74155,74157,74159,74161],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74156,164],{"class":163},[65,74158,151],{"class":79},[65,74160,3215],{"class":147},[65,74162,157],{"class":79},[65,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,74166,164],{"class":163},[65,74168,151],{"class":79},[65,74170,169],{"class":147},[65,74172,157],{"class":79},[20,74174,350],{},[56,74176,74178],{"className":58,"code":74177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74179,74180,74196],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74181,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74183,3469],{"class":79},[65,74185,111],{"class":83},[65,74187,87],{"class":79},[65,74189,5066],{"class":83},[65,74191,87],{"class":79},[65,74193,90],{"class":83},[65,74195,1352],{"class":79},[65,74197,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74199,3469],{"class":79},[65,74201,84],{"class":83},[65,74203,87],{"class":79},[65,74205,90],{"class":83},[65,74207,87],{"class":79},[65,74209,95],{"class":83},[65,74211,1352],{"class":79},[20,74213,74214,74215,144],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74216,74217],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1286,74219,74221],{"id":74220},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74223,74224,74225,74228],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74226,74227],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[56,74230,74232],{"className":58,"code":74231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74233,74234,74254,74270,74274,74284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74235,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74237,3185],{"class":71},[65,74239,76],{"class":75},[65,74241,1339],{"class":79},[65,74243,111],{"class":83},[65,74245,87],{"class":79},[65,74247,5066],{"class":83},[65,74249,87],{"class":79},[65,74251,90],{"class":83},[65,74253,1352],{"class":79},[65,74255,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74257,136],{"class":71},[65,74259,76],{"class":75},[65,74261,3833],{"class":71},[65,74263,73706],{"class":79},[65,74265,1589],{"class":75},[65,74267,84],{"class":83},[65,74269,1352],{"class":79},[65,74271,74272],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74273,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74275,74276,74278,74280,74282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74277,164],{"class":163},[65,74279,151],{"class":79},[65,74281,3215],{"class":147},[65,74283,157],{"class":79},[65,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,74287,164],{"class":163},[65,74289,151],{"class":79},[65,74291,169],{"class":147},[65,74293,157],{"class":79},[20,74295,350],{},[56,74297,74299],{"className":58,"code":74298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74300,74301,74317],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74302,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74304,3469],{"class":79},[65,74306,111],{"class":83},[65,74308,87],{"class":79},[65,74310,5066],{"class":83},[65,74312,87],{"class":79},[65,74314,90],{"class":83},[65,74316,1352],{"class":79},[65,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74320,3469],{"class":79},[65,74322,1624],{"class":83},[65,74324,87],{"class":79},[65,74326,5066],{"class":83},[65,74328,87],{"class":79},[65,74330,95],{"class":83},[65,74332,1352],{"class":79},[1286,74334,74336],{"id":74335},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,74338,74339,74344,74349],{},[36,74340,1660,74341,74343],{},[15,74342,73105],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,74345,1660,74346,74348],{},[15,74347,74227],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,74350,1660,74351,74353],{},[15,74352,74008],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74355,74356,74357,74363],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[210,74358,74360,74361,1474],{"href":74359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74362,63896],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[51,74365,4529,74367],{"id":74366},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74368,73105],{},[20,74370,74371,74373],{},[15,74372,73105],{}," is a good choice:",[33,74375,74376,74379,74382],{},[36,74377,74378],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,74380,74381],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,74383,74384],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74386,74387,74388,144],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[210,74389,74391],{"href":74390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[51,74393,2396],{"id":2395},[20,74395,74396,74397,74399],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74398,73105],{}," for these reasons:",[33,74401,74402,74406,74411,74416],{},[36,74403,12170,74404,12173],{},[15,74405,73105],{},[36,74407,8030,74408,74410],{},[15,74409,73105],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,74412,7994,74413,74415],{},[15,74414,73105],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,74417,36784,74418,8282,74420],{},[15,74419,73105],{},[15,74421,74422],{},"reversed()",[20,74424,74425],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[56,74427,74429],{"className":58,"code":74428,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74430,74431,74443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74434,34265],{"class":71},[65,74436,76],{"class":75},[65,74438,499],{"class":487},[65,74440,3412],{"class":491},[65,74442,2925],{"class":487},[65,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74446,34286],{"class":71},[65,74448,144],{"class":79},[65,74450,73161],{"class":147},[65,74452,8220],{"class":79},[20,74454,74455,74456,33177],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74457,73105],{},[20,74459,74460],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[56,74462,74464],{"className":58,"code":74463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74465,74466,74486,74490,74500,74514,74518,74532,74542,74546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74467,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74469,7884],{"class":71},[65,74471,76],{"class":75},[65,74473,1339],{"class":79},[65,74475,84],{"class":83},[65,74477,87],{"class":79},[65,74479,90],{"class":83},[65,74481,87],{"class":79},[65,74483,95],{"class":83},[65,74485,1352],{"class":79},[65,74487,74488],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74489,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74491,74492,74494,74496,74498],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74493,164],{"class":163},[65,74495,151],{"class":79},[65,74497,7915],{"class":147},[65,74499,157],{"class":79},[65,74501,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74503,164],{"class":163},[65,74505,151],{"class":79},[65,74507,1260],{"class":1259},[65,74509,151],{"class":79},[65,74511,7915],{"class":147},[65,74513,1028],{"class":79},[65,74515,74516],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,74517,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74519,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,74521,136],{"class":71},[65,74523,76],{"class":75},[65,74525,7972],{"class":71},[65,74527,144],{"class":79},[65,74529,73161],{"class":147},[65,74531,8220],{"class":79},[65,74533,74534,74536,74538,74540],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,74535,164],{"class":163},[65,74537,151],{"class":79},[65,74539,169],{"class":147},[65,74541,157],{"class":79},[65,74543,74544],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,74545,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74547,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558,74560],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,74549,164],{"class":163},[65,74551,151],{"class":79},[65,74553,7915],{"class":147},[65,74555,73706],{"class":79},[65,74557,1589],{"class":75},[65,74559,84],{"class":83},[65,74561,3457],{"class":79},[20,74563,350],{},[56,74565,74567],{"className":58,"code":74566,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74568,74569,74585,74599,74603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74570,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74572,3469],{"class":79},[65,74574,84],{"class":83},[65,74576,87],{"class":79},[65,74578,90],{"class":83},[65,74580,87],{"class":79},[65,74582,95],{"class":83},[65,74584,1352],{"class":79},[65,74586,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74588,2857],{"class":75},[65,74590,2860],{"class":1632},[65,74592,603],{"class":487},[65,74594,7669],{"class":491},[65,74596,594],{"class":487},[65,74598,2869],{"class":75},[65,74600,74601],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74602,11383],{"class":3419},[65,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74606,3469],{"class":79},[65,74608,84],{"class":83},[65,74610,87],{"class":79},[65,74612,90],{"class":83},[65,74614,87],{"class":79},[65,74616,5066],{"class":83},[65,74618,1352],{"class":79},[20,74620,74621],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[56,74623,74625],{"className":58,"code":74624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74626,74627,74647,74651,74661,74675,74679,74693,74703,74713],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74630,7884],{"class":71},[65,74632,76],{"class":75},[65,74634,1339],{"class":79},[65,74636,84],{"class":83},[65,74638,87],{"class":79},[65,74640,90],{"class":83},[65,74642,87],{"class":79},[65,74644,95],{"class":83},[65,74646,1352],{"class":79},[65,74648,74649],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74650,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74652,74653,74655,74657,74659],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74654,164],{"class":163},[65,74656,151],{"class":79},[65,74658,7915],{"class":147},[65,74660,157],{"class":79},[65,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74664,164],{"class":163},[65,74666,151],{"class":79},[65,74668,1260],{"class":1259},[65,74670,151],{"class":79},[65,74672,7915],{"class":147},[65,74674,1028],{"class":79},[65,74676,74677],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,74678,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,74680,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,74682,136],{"class":71},[65,74684,76],{"class":75},[65,74686,7972],{"class":71},[65,74688,144],{"class":79},[65,74690,73161],{"class":147},[65,74692,8220],{"class":79},[65,74694,74695,74697,74699,74701],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,74696,164],{"class":163},[65,74698,151],{"class":79},[65,74700,169],{"class":147},[65,74702,157],{"class":79},[65,74704,74705,74707,74709,74711],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,74706,164],{"class":163},[65,74708,151],{"class":79},[65,74710,7915],{"class":147},[65,74712,157],{"class":79},[65,74714,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,74716,164],{"class":163},[65,74718,151],{"class":79},[65,74720,7915],{"class":147},[65,74722,73706],{"class":79},[65,74724,1589],{"class":75},[65,74726,84],{"class":83},[65,74728,3457],{"class":79},[20,74730,350],{},[56,74732,74734],{"className":58,"code":74733,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74735,74736,74752,74766,74770,74786],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74737,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74739,3469],{"class":79},[65,74741,84],{"class":83},[65,74743,87],{"class":79},[65,74745,90],{"class":83},[65,74747,87],{"class":79},[65,74749,95],{"class":83},[65,74751,1352],{"class":79},[65,74753,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,74755,2857],{"class":75},[65,74757,2860],{"class":1632},[65,74759,603],{"class":487},[65,74761,7669],{"class":491},[65,74763,594],{"class":487},[65,74765,2869],{"class":75},[65,74767,74768],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,74769,11383],{"class":3419},[65,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74773,3469],{"class":79},[65,74775,111],{"class":83},[65,74777,87],{"class":79},[65,74779,90],{"class":83},[65,74781,87],{"class":79},[65,74783,5066],{"class":83},[65,74785,1352],{"class":79},[65,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,74789,3469],{"class":79},[65,74791,84],{"class":83},[65,74793,87],{"class":79},[65,74795,90],{"class":83},[65,74797,87],{"class":79},[65,74799,95],{"class":83},[65,74801,1352],{"class":79},[20,74803,74804],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,74806,74807,74816,74825],{},[36,74808,27371,74809,74812,74813],{},[15,74810,74811],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74814,74815],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,74817,11491,74818,74821,74822,22134],{},[15,74819,74820],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[43,74823,74824],{},"current",[36,74826,74827,74828],{},"So it prints ",[15,74829,74830],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[51,74832,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,74834,1289,74836,55055],{"id":74835},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74837,73110],{},[20,74839,62187,74840,144],{},[15,74841,3344],{},[1286,74843,33782,74845,33785,74847,1304],{"id":74844},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74846,73105],{},[15,74848,74849],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74851,74852,74854],{},[15,74853,73105],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74856,74857,74859],{},[15,74858,74849],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1286,74861,1316,74863,74865],{"id":74862},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74864,73105],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74867,45949,74868,74870],{},[15,74869,73105],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1286,74872,74874],{"id":74873},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74876,74877],{},"Use slicing:",[56,74879,74881],{"className":58,"code":74880,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74882,74883],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74884,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74886,7915],{"class":71},[65,74888,73706],{"class":79},[65,74890,1589],{"class":75},[65,74892,84],{"class":83},[65,74894,1352],{"class":79},[20,74896,74897],{},"Or use:",[56,74899,74901],{"className":58,"code":74900,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74902,74903],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74904,74905,74907,74909,74912,74914,74916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74906,7669],{"class":1259},[65,74908,151],{"class":79},[65,74910,74911],{"class":163},"reversed",[65,74913,151],{"class":79},[65,74915,7915],{"class":147},[65,74917,1028],{"class":79},[20,74919,74920,74921,74925],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[210,74922,55106,74923],{"href":54546},[15,74924,12352],{}," can also help.",[51,74927,1455],{"id":1454},[33,74929,74930,74936,74942,74946,74950],{},[36,74931,74932],{},[210,74933,55106,74934,1474],{"href":74359},[15,74935,63896],{},[36,74937,74938],{},[210,74939,3143,74940,3076],{"href":74105},[15,74941,74008],{},[36,74943,74944],{},[210,74945,74391],{"href":74390},[36,74947,74948],{},[210,74949,73806],{"href":73123},[36,74951,74952],{},[210,74953,55106,74954,1474],{"href":54546},[15,74955,12352],{},[1499,74957,74958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":74960},[74961,74962,74964,74965,74966,74968,74969,74976,74978,74979,74988],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":73184,"depth":101,"text":74963},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":73543,"depth":101,"text":74967},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73809,"depth":101,"text":73810},{"id":74003,"depth":101,"text":74970,"children":74971},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74972,74973,74974,74975],{"id":73161,"depth":126,"text":73105},{"id":74098,"depth":126,"text":74008},{"id":74220,"depth":126,"text":74221},{"id":74335,"depth":126,"text":74336},{"id":74366,"depth":101,"text":74977},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":74980},[74981,74983,74985,74987],{"id":74835,"depth":126,"text":74982},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74844,"depth":126,"text":74984},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74862,"depth":126,"text":74986},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74873,"depth":126,"text":74874},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73097,"description":74989},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74996,"title":74997,"body":74998,"description":77431,"extension":1528,"meta":77432,"navigation":129,"path":77433,"seo":77434,"stem":77435,"__hash__":77436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74999,"toc":77399},[75000,75003,75015,75018,75041,75049,75051,75163,75172,75176,75179,75182,75269,75271,75304,75306,75329,75335,75339,75342,75364,75366,75383,75386,75406,75408,75518,75520,75597,75601,75604,75647,75649,75782,75784,75886,75891,75895,75898,75900,75914,75917,76031,76033,76107,76109,76137,76141,76146,76176,76179,76305,76307,76389,76395,76399,76401,76440,76449,76453,76456,76460,76507,76509,76517,76521,76572,76574,76587,76589,76603,76606,76614,76616,76663,76665,76673,76676,76719,76724,76727,76730,76753,76757,76808,76811,76832,76842,76846,76848,76878,76881,76904,76908,76911,76978,76980,77017,77020,77028,77095,77097,77134,77140,77147,77151,77154,77184,77189,77193,77196,77220,77223,77317,77327,77329,77333,77336,77340,77343,77348,77351,77357,77360,77362,77390,77396],[10,75001,74997],{"id":75002},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75004,75005,75006,1491,75008,1494,75011,75014],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75007,35652],{},[15,75009,75010],{},"stop",[15,75012,75013],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75016,75017],{},"The basic slice form is:",[56,75019,75021],{"className":58,"code":75020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75022,75023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75024,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75026,7915],{"class":71},[65,75028,3469],{"class":79},[65,75030,35652],{"class":71},[65,75032,191],{"class":79},[65,75034,75010],{"class":71},[65,75036,191],{"class":79},[65,75038,75013],{"class":71},[65,75040,1352],{"class":79},[20,75042,75043,75044,75046,75047,144],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75045,75010],{}," position is ",[43,75048,64654],{},[51,75050,1570],{"id":1569},[56,75052,75054],{"className":58,"code":75053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75055,75056,75084,75088,75109,75127,75144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75059,3185],{"class":71},[65,75061,76],{"class":75},[65,75063,1339],{"class":79},[65,75065,1898],{"class":83},[65,75067,87],{"class":79},[65,75069,7364],{"class":83},[65,75071,87],{"class":79},[65,75073,7369],{"class":83},[65,75075,87],{"class":79},[65,75077,50428],{"class":83},[65,75079,87],{"class":79},[65,75081,4649],{"class":83},[65,75083,1352],{"class":79},[65,75085,75086],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75087,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,75089,75090,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75091,164],{"class":163},[65,75093,151],{"class":79},[65,75095,3215],{"class":147},[65,75097,3469],{"class":79},[65,75099,84],{"class":83},[65,75101,191],{"class":79},[65,75103,2072],{"class":83},[65,75105,20021],{"class":79},[65,75107,75108],{"class":175},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[65,75110,75111,75113,75115,75117,75120,75122,75124],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75112,164],{"class":163},[65,75114,151],{"class":79},[65,75116,3215],{"class":147},[65,75118,75119],{"class":79},"[:",[65,75121,111],{"class":83},[65,75123,20021],{"class":79},[65,75125,75126],{"class":175},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[65,75128,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,75130,164],{"class":163},[65,75132,151],{"class":79},[65,75134,3215],{"class":147},[65,75136,73706],{"class":79},[65,75138,1624],{"class":83},[65,75140,20021],{"class":79},[65,75142,75143],{"class":175},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[65,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,75147,164],{"class":163},[65,75149,151],{"class":79},[65,75151,3215],{"class":147},[65,75153,73706],{"class":79},[65,75155,1589],{"class":75},[65,75157,84],{"class":83},[65,75159,20021],{"class":79},[65,75161,75162],{"class":175},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75164,1660,75165,75168,75169,75171],{},[15,75166,75167],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75170,75010],{}," value is not included.",[51,75173,75175],{"id":75174},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75177,75178],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75180,75181],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[56,75183,75185],{"className":58,"code":75184,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75186,75187,75235,75239,75258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75188,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75190,35670],{"class":71},[65,75192,76],{"class":75},[65,75194,1339],{"class":79},[65,75196,488],{"class":487},[65,75198,210],{"class":491},[65,75200,488],{"class":487},[65,75202,87],{"class":79},[65,75204,499],{"class":487},[65,75206,154],{"class":491},[65,75208,488],{"class":487},[65,75210,87],{"class":79},[65,75212,499],{"class":487},[65,75214,9317],{"class":491},[65,75216,488],{"class":487},[65,75218,87],{"class":79},[65,75220,499],{"class":487},[65,75222,18342],{"class":491},[65,75224,488],{"class":487},[65,75226,87],{"class":79},[65,75228,499],{"class":487},[65,75230,60032],{"class":491},[65,75232,488],{"class":487},[65,75234,1352],{"class":79},[65,75236,75237],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75238,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,75240,75241,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75242,75243],{"class":71},"part ",[65,75245,76],{"class":75},[65,75247,69680],{"class":71},[65,75249,3469],{"class":79},[65,75251,84],{"class":83},[65,75253,191],{"class":79},[65,75255,2072],{"class":83},[65,75257,1352],{"class":79},[65,75259,75260,75262,75264,75267],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75261,164],{"class":163},[65,75263,151],{"class":79},[65,75265,75266],{"class":147},"part",[65,75268,157],{"class":79},[20,75270,350],{},[56,75272,75274],{"className":58,"code":75273,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75275,75276],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75277,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75279,3469],{"class":79},[65,75281,594],{"class":487},[65,75283,154],{"class":491},[65,75285,594],{"class":487},[65,75287,87],{"class":79},[65,75289,603],{"class":487},[65,75291,9317],{"class":491},[65,75293,594],{"class":487},[65,75295,87],{"class":79},[65,75297,603],{"class":487},[65,75299,18342],{"class":491},[65,75301,594],{"class":487},[65,75303,1352],{"class":79},[20,75305,12628],{},[33,75307,75308,75311,75314,75320,75326],{},[36,75309,75310],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,75312,75313],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,75315,75316,75317],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75318,75319],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,75321,75322,75323,75325],{},"The item at ",[15,75324,75010],{}," is not included",[36,75327,75328],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75330,75331,75332,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[210,75333,75334],{"href":50564},"beginner guide to Python lists",[51,75336,75338],{"id":75337},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75340,75341],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[56,75343,75344],{"className":58,"code":75020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,75345,75346],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75347,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75349,7915],{"class":71},[65,75351,3469],{"class":79},[65,75353,35652],{"class":71},[65,75355,191],{"class":79},[65,75357,75010],{"class":71},[65,75359,191],{"class":79},[65,75361,75013],{"class":71},[65,75363,1352],{"class":79},[20,75365,64630],{},[33,75367,75368,75373,75378],{},[36,75369,75370,75372],{},[15,75371,35652],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,75374,75375,75377],{},[15,75376,75010],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,75379,75380,75382],{},[15,75381,75013],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75384,75385],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,75387,75388,75394,75399],{},[36,75389,75390,75391,75393],{},"Missing ",[15,75392,35652],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,75395,75390,75396,75398],{},[15,75397,75010],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,75400,75390,75401,75403,75404],{},[15,75402,75013],{}," means use ",[15,75405,84],{},[20,75407,267],{},[56,75409,75411],{"className":58,"code":75410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75412,75413,75441,75445,75466,75483,75501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75414,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75416,3185],{"class":71},[65,75418,76],{"class":75},[65,75420,1339],{"class":79},[65,75422,1898],{"class":83},[65,75424,87],{"class":79},[65,75426,7364],{"class":83},[65,75428,87],{"class":79},[65,75430,7369],{"class":83},[65,75432,87],{"class":79},[65,75434,50428],{"class":83},[65,75436,87],{"class":79},[65,75438,4649],{"class":83},[65,75440,1352],{"class":79},[65,75442,75443],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75444,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,75446,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75448,164],{"class":163},[65,75450,151],{"class":79},[65,75452,3215],{"class":147},[65,75454,3469],{"class":79},[65,75456,84],{"class":83},[65,75458,191],{"class":79},[65,75460,2072],{"class":83},[65,75462,20021],{"class":79},[65,75464,75465],{"class":175},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[65,75467,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75469,164],{"class":163},[65,75471,151],{"class":79},[65,75473,3215],{"class":147},[65,75475,75119],{"class":79},[65,75477,111],{"class":83},[65,75479,20021],{"class":79},[65,75481,75482],{"class":175},"    # start from the beginning\n",[65,75484,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75498],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,75486,164],{"class":163},[65,75488,151],{"class":79},[65,75490,3215],{"class":147},[65,75492,3469],{"class":79},[65,75494,1624],{"class":83},[65,75496,75497],{"class":79},":])",[65,75499,75500],{"class":175},"    # go to the end\n",[65,75502,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,75504,164],{"class":163},[65,75506,151],{"class":79},[65,75508,3215],{"class":147},[65,75510,73706],{"class":79},[65,75512,84],{"class":83},[65,75514,20021],{"class":79},[65,75516,75517],{"class":175},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75519,350],{},[56,75521,75523],{"className":58,"code":75522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75524,75525,75541,75557,75573],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75526,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75528,3469],{"class":79},[65,75530,15329],{"class":83},[65,75532,87],{"class":79},[65,75534,7369],{"class":83},[65,75536,87],{"class":79},[65,75538,50428],{"class":83},[65,75540,1352],{"class":79},[65,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75544,3469],{"class":79},[65,75546,1898],{"class":83},[65,75548,87],{"class":79},[65,75550,7364],{"class":83},[65,75552,87],{"class":79},[65,75554,7369],{"class":83},[65,75556,1352],{"class":79},[65,75558,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75560,3469],{"class":79},[65,75562,36421],{"class":83},[65,75564,87],{"class":79},[65,75566,50428],{"class":83},[65,75568,87],{"class":79},[65,75570,4649],{"class":83},[65,75572,1352],{"class":79},[65,75574,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75576,3469],{"class":79},[65,75578,1898],{"class":83},[65,75580,87],{"class":79},[65,75582,7364],{"class":83},[65,75584,87],{"class":79},[65,75586,7369],{"class":83},[65,75588,87],{"class":79},[65,75590,50428],{"class":83},[65,75592,87],{"class":79},[65,75594,4649],{"class":83},[65,75596,1352],{"class":79},[51,75598,75600],{"id":75599},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75602,75603],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,75605,75606,75615,75624,75635,75641],{},[36,75607,75608,75611,75612,5535],{},[15,75609,75610],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75613,75614],{},"n",[36,75616,75617,75620,75621,75623],{},[15,75618,75619],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75622,75614],{}," to the end",[36,75625,75626,75629,75630,75632,75633],{},[15,75627,75628],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75631,210],{}," up to ",[15,75634,154],{},[36,75636,75637,75640],{},[15,75638,75639],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,75642,75643,75646],{},[15,75644,75645],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75648,267],{},[56,75650,75652],{"className":58,"code":75651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75653,75654,75687,75691,75708,75725,75746,75763],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75655,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75657,3185],{"class":71},[65,75659,76],{"class":75},[65,75661,1339],{"class":79},[65,75663,1898],{"class":83},[65,75665,87],{"class":79},[65,75667,7364],{"class":83},[65,75669,87],{"class":79},[65,75671,7369],{"class":83},[65,75673,87],{"class":79},[65,75675,50428],{"class":83},[65,75677,87],{"class":79},[65,75679,4649],{"class":83},[65,75681,87],{"class":79},[65,75683,75684],{"class":83}," 60",[65,75686,1352],{"class":79},[65,75688,75689],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75690,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75694,164],{"class":163},[65,75696,151],{"class":79},[65,75698,3215],{"class":147},[65,75700,75119],{"class":79},[65,75702,111],{"class":83},[65,75704,20021],{"class":79},[65,75706,75707],{"class":175},"    # first 3 items\n",[65,75709,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75711,164],{"class":163},[65,75713,151],{"class":79},[65,75715,3215],{"class":147},[65,75717,3469],{"class":79},[65,75719,111],{"class":83},[65,75721,75497],{"class":79},[65,75723,75724],{"class":175},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[65,75726,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,75728,164],{"class":163},[65,75730,151],{"class":79},[65,75732,3215],{"class":147},[65,75734,3469],{"class":79},[65,75736,84],{"class":83},[65,75738,191],{"class":79},[65,75740,1705],{"class":83},[65,75742,20021],{"class":79},[65,75744,75745],{"class":175},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[65,75747,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,75749,164],{"class":163},[65,75751,151],{"class":79},[65,75753,3215],{"class":147},[65,75755,73706],{"class":79},[65,75757,1624],{"class":83},[65,75759,20021],{"class":79},[65,75761,75762],{"class":175},"   # every second item\n",[65,75764,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,75766,164],{"class":163},[65,75768,151],{"class":79},[65,75770,3215],{"class":147},[65,75772,73706],{"class":79},[65,75774,1589],{"class":75},[65,75776,84],{"class":83},[65,75778,20021],{"class":79},[65,75780,75781],{"class":175},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75783,350],{},[56,75785,75787],{"className":58,"code":75786,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75788,75789,75805,75821,75841,75857],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75790,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75792,3469],{"class":79},[65,75794,1898],{"class":83},[65,75796,87],{"class":79},[65,75798,7364],{"class":83},[65,75800,87],{"class":79},[65,75802,7369],{"class":83},[65,75804,1352],{"class":79},[65,75806,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75808,3469],{"class":79},[65,75810,56279],{"class":83},[65,75812,87],{"class":79},[65,75814,4649],{"class":83},[65,75816,87],{"class":79},[65,75818,75684],{"class":83},[65,75820,1352],{"class":79},[65,75822,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75824,3469],{"class":79},[65,75826,15329],{"class":83},[65,75828,87],{"class":79},[65,75830,7369],{"class":83},[65,75832,87],{"class":79},[65,75834,50428],{"class":83},[65,75836,87],{"class":79},[65,75838,4649],{"class":83},[65,75840,1352],{"class":79},[65,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75844,3469],{"class":79},[65,75846,1898],{"class":83},[65,75848,87],{"class":79},[65,75850,7369],{"class":83},[65,75852,87],{"class":79},[65,75854,4649],{"class":83},[65,75856,1352],{"class":79},[65,75858,75859,75861,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,75860,3469],{"class":79},[65,75862,75863],{"class":83},"60",[65,75865,87],{"class":79},[65,75867,4649],{"class":83},[65,75869,87],{"class":79},[65,75871,50428],{"class":83},[65,75873,87],{"class":79},[65,75875,7369],{"class":83},[65,75877,87],{"class":79},[65,75879,7364],{"class":83},[65,75881,87],{"class":79},[65,75883,5574],{"class":83},[65,75885,1352],{"class":79},[20,75887,75888,75889,144],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[210,75890,14463],{"href":56805},[51,75892,75894],{"id":75893},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75896,75897],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75899,405],{},[33,75901,75902,75908],{},[36,75903,75904,75907],{},[15,75905,75906],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,75909,75910,75913],{},[15,75911,75912],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75915,75916],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[56,75918,75920],{"className":58,"code":75919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75921,75922,75970,75974,75993,76012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75925,35670],{"class":71},[65,75927,76],{"class":75},[65,75929,1339],{"class":79},[65,75931,488],{"class":487},[65,75933,210],{"class":491},[65,75935,488],{"class":487},[65,75937,87],{"class":79},[65,75939,499],{"class":487},[65,75941,154],{"class":491},[65,75943,488],{"class":487},[65,75945,87],{"class":79},[65,75947,499],{"class":487},[65,75949,9317],{"class":491},[65,75951,488],{"class":487},[65,75953,87],{"class":79},[65,75955,499],{"class":487},[65,75957,18342],{"class":491},[65,75959,488],{"class":487},[65,75961,87],{"class":79},[65,75963,499],{"class":487},[65,75965,60032],{"class":491},[65,75967,488],{"class":487},[65,75969,1352],{"class":79},[65,75971,75972],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,75973,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,75975,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,75977,164],{"class":163},[65,75979,151],{"class":79},[65,75981,35723],{"class":147},[65,75983,3469],{"class":79},[65,75985,1589],{"class":75},[65,75987,84],{"class":83},[65,75989,20021],{"class":79},[65,75991,75992],{"class":175},"    # last item\n",[65,75994,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75996,164],{"class":163},[65,75998,151],{"class":79},[65,76000,35723],{"class":147},[65,76002,3469],{"class":79},[65,76004,1589],{"class":75},[65,76006,111],{"class":83},[65,76008,75497],{"class":79},[65,76010,76011],{"class":175},"   # last 3 items\n",[65,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,76015,164],{"class":163},[65,76017,151],{"class":79},[65,76019,35723],{"class":147},[65,76021,75119],{"class":79},[65,76023,1589],{"class":75},[65,76025,84],{"class":83},[65,76027,20021],{"class":79},[65,76029,76030],{"class":175},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76032,350],{},[56,76034,76036],{"className":58,"code":76035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76037,76038,76043,76071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76039,76040],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76041,76042],{"class":71},"e\n",[65,76044,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76046,3469],{"class":79},[65,76048,594],{"class":487},[65,76050,9317],{"class":491},[65,76052,594],{"class":487},[65,76054,87],{"class":79},[65,76056,603],{"class":487},[65,76058,18342],{"class":491},[65,76060,594],{"class":487},[65,76062,87],{"class":79},[65,76064,603],{"class":487},[65,76066,60032],{"class":491},[65,76068,594],{"class":487},[65,76070,1352],{"class":79},[65,76072,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76074,3469],{"class":79},[65,76076,594],{"class":487},[65,76078,210],{"class":491},[65,76080,594],{"class":487},[65,76082,87],{"class":79},[65,76084,603],{"class":487},[65,76086,154],{"class":491},[65,76088,594],{"class":487},[65,76090,87],{"class":79},[65,76092,603],{"class":487},[65,76094,9317],{"class":491},[65,76096,594],{"class":487},[65,76098,87],{"class":79},[65,76100,603],{"class":487},[65,76102,18342],{"class":491},[65,76104,594],{"class":487},[65,76106,1352],{"class":79},[20,76108,12628],{},[33,76110,76111,76114,76118,76124,76130],{},[36,76112,76113],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,76115,76116,75907],{},[15,76117,75906],{},[36,76119,76120,76123],{},[15,76121,76122],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,76125,76126,76129],{},[15,76127,76128],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,76131,76132,76133,634,76135],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76134,35652],{},[15,76136,75010],{},[51,76138,76140],{"id":76139},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76142,1545,76143,76145],{},[15,76144,75013],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,76147,76148,76151,76154,76159,76169],{},[36,76149,76150],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,76152,76153],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,76155,76156,76158],{},[15,76157,75645],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,76160,8453,76161,76163,76164,76166,76167],{},[15,76162,75013],{}," is negative, ",[15,76165,35652],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76168,75010],{},[36,76170,76171,76173,76174],{},[15,76172,75013],{}," cannot be ",[15,76175,1688],{},[20,76177,76178],{},"Example with different step values:",[56,76180,76182],{"className":58,"code":76181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76183,76184,76216,76220,76237,76259,76278],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76185,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76187,3185],{"class":71},[65,76189,76],{"class":75},[65,76191,1339],{"class":79},[65,76193,1898],{"class":83},[65,76195,87],{"class":79},[65,76197,7364],{"class":83},[65,76199,87],{"class":79},[65,76201,7369],{"class":83},[65,76203,87],{"class":79},[65,76205,50428],{"class":83},[65,76207,87],{"class":79},[65,76209,4649],{"class":83},[65,76211,87],{"class":79},[65,76213,75684],{"class":83},[65,76215,1352],{"class":79},[65,76217,76218],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76219,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76221,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76223,164],{"class":163},[65,76225,151],{"class":79},[65,76227,3215],{"class":147},[65,76229,73706],{"class":79},[65,76231,1624],{"class":83},[65,76233,20021],{"class":79},[65,76235,76236],{"class":175},"     # every second item\n",[65,76238,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76252,76254,76256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76240,164],{"class":163},[65,76242,151],{"class":79},[65,76244,3215],{"class":147},[65,76246,3469],{"class":79},[65,76248,84],{"class":83},[65,76250,76251],{"class":79},"::",[65,76253,1624],{"class":83},[65,76255,20021],{"class":79},[65,76257,76258],{"class":175},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[65,76260,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,76262,164],{"class":163},[65,76264,151],{"class":79},[65,76266,3215],{"class":147},[65,76268,73706],{"class":79},[65,76270,1589],{"class":75},[65,76272,84],{"class":83},[65,76274,20021],{"class":79},[65,76276,76277],{"class":175},"    # reverse the list\n",[65,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,76281,164],{"class":163},[65,76283,151],{"class":79},[65,76285,3215],{"class":147},[65,76287,3469],{"class":79},[65,76289,2072],{"class":83},[65,76291,191],{"class":79},[65,76293,84],{"class":83},[65,76295,191],{"class":79},[65,76297,1589],{"class":75},[65,76299,84],{"class":83},[65,76301,20021],{"class":79},[65,76303,76304],{"class":175},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76306,350],{},[56,76308,76310],{"className":58,"code":76309,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76311,76312,76328,76344,76372],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76313,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76315,3469],{"class":79},[65,76317,1898],{"class":83},[65,76319,87],{"class":79},[65,76321,7369],{"class":83},[65,76323,87],{"class":79},[65,76325,4649],{"class":83},[65,76327,1352],{"class":79},[65,76329,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76331,3469],{"class":79},[65,76333,15329],{"class":83},[65,76335,87],{"class":79},[65,76337,50428],{"class":83},[65,76339,87],{"class":79},[65,76341,75684],{"class":83},[65,76343,1352],{"class":79},[65,76345,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76347,3469],{"class":79},[65,76349,75863],{"class":83},[65,76351,87],{"class":79},[65,76353,4649],{"class":83},[65,76355,87],{"class":79},[65,76357,50428],{"class":83},[65,76359,87],{"class":79},[65,76361,7369],{"class":83},[65,76363,87],{"class":79},[65,76365,7364],{"class":83},[65,76367,87],{"class":79},[65,76369,5574],{"class":83},[65,76371,1352],{"class":79},[65,76373,76374,76376,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76375,3469],{"class":79},[65,76377,76378],{"class":83},"50",[65,76380,87],{"class":79},[65,76382,50428],{"class":83},[65,76384,87],{"class":79},[65,76386,7369],{"class":83},[65,76388,1352],{"class":79},[20,76390,76391,76392,144],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[210,76393,76394],{"href":74390},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1286,76396,76398],{"id":76397},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76400,2403],{},[56,76402,76404],{"className":58,"code":76403,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76405,76406,76426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76407,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76409,3185],{"class":71},[65,76411,76],{"class":75},[65,76413,1339],{"class":79},[65,76415,84],{"class":83},[65,76417,87],{"class":79},[65,76419,90],{"class":83},[65,76421,87],{"class":79},[65,76423,95],{"class":83},[65,76425,1352],{"class":79},[65,76427,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76429,164],{"class":163},[65,76431,151],{"class":79},[65,76433,3215],{"class":147},[65,76435,73706],{"class":79},[65,76437,1688],{"class":83},[65,76439,3457],{"class":79},[20,76441,76442,76443,76445,76446,76448],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76444,40286],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76447,1688],{}," does not make sense.",[51,76450,76452],{"id":76451},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76454,76455],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1286,76457,76459],{"id":76458},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[56,76461,76463],{"className":58,"code":76462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76464,76465,76489,76493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76466,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76468,3185],{"class":71},[65,76470,76],{"class":75},[65,76472,1339],{"class":79},[65,76474,1898],{"class":83},[65,76476,87],{"class":79},[65,76478,7364],{"class":83},[65,76480,87],{"class":79},[65,76482,7369],{"class":83},[65,76484,87],{"class":79},[65,76486,50428],{"class":83},[65,76488,1352],{"class":79},[65,76490,76491],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76492,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76494,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76496,164],{"class":163},[65,76498,151],{"class":79},[65,76500,3215],{"class":147},[65,76502,3469],{"class":79},[65,76504,1624],{"class":83},[65,76506,3457],{"class":79},[20,76508,350],{},[56,76510,76511],{"className":58,"code":69424,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,76512,76513],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76514,76515],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76516,69424],{"class":83},[1286,76518,76520],{"id":76519},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[56,76522,76524],{"className":58,"code":76523,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76525,76526,76550,76554],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76527,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76529,3185],{"class":71},[65,76531,76],{"class":75},[65,76533,1339],{"class":79},[65,76535,1898],{"class":83},[65,76537,87],{"class":79},[65,76539,7364],{"class":83},[65,76541,87],{"class":79},[65,76543,7369],{"class":83},[65,76545,87],{"class":79},[65,76547,50428],{"class":83},[65,76549,1352],{"class":79},[65,76551,76552],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76553,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76555,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76557,164],{"class":163},[65,76559,151],{"class":79},[65,76561,3215],{"class":147},[65,76563,3469],{"class":79},[65,76565,1624],{"class":83},[65,76567,191],{"class":79},[65,76569,111],{"class":83},[65,76571,3457],{"class":79},[20,76573,350],{},[56,76575,76577],{"className":58,"code":76576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[30]\n",[15,76578,76579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76580,76581,76583,76585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76582,3469],{"class":79},[65,76584,36421],{"class":83},[65,76586,1352],{"class":79},[20,76588,13337],{},[33,76590,76591,76597],{},[36,76592,76593,76596],{},[15,76594,76595],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,76598,76599,76602],{},[15,76600,76601],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76604,76605],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,76607,76608,76611],{},[36,76609,76610],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,76612,76613],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76615,267],{},[56,76617,76619],{"className":58,"code":76618,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76620,76621,76641,76645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76624,3185],{"class":71},[65,76626,76],{"class":75},[65,76628,1339],{"class":79},[65,76630,1898],{"class":83},[65,76632,87],{"class":79},[65,76634,7364],{"class":83},[65,76636,87],{"class":79},[65,76638,7369],{"class":83},[65,76640,1352],{"class":79},[65,76642,76643],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76644,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76646,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76648,164],{"class":163},[65,76650,151],{"class":79},[65,76652,3215],{"class":147},[65,76654,3469],{"class":79},[65,76656,1705],{"class":83},[65,76658,191],{"class":79},[65,76660,1898],{"class":83},[65,76662,3457],{"class":79},[20,76664,350],{},[56,76666,76667],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,76668,76669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76670,76671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76672,37878],{"class":79},[20,76674,76675],{},"But this would raise an error:",[56,76677,76679],{"className":58,"code":76678,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76680,76681,76701,76705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76682,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76684,3185],{"class":71},[65,76686,76],{"class":75},[65,76688,1339],{"class":79},[65,76690,1898],{"class":83},[65,76692,87],{"class":79},[65,76694,7364],{"class":83},[65,76696,87],{"class":79},[65,76698,7369],{"class":83},[65,76700,1352],{"class":79},[65,76702,76703],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76704,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76706,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76708,164],{"class":163},[65,76710,151],{"class":79},[65,76712,3215],{"class":147},[65,76714,3469],{"class":79},[65,76716,1705],{"class":83},[65,76718,3457],{"class":79},[20,76720,76721,76722,144],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[210,76723,68843],{"href":68842},[51,76725,14752],{"id":76726},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76728,76729],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,76731,76732,76736,76738,76741,76747],{},[36,76733,4272,76734,75325],{},[15,76735,75010],{},[36,76737,60277],{},[36,76739,76740],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,76742,36784,76743,8282,76745],{},[15,76744,75645],{},[15,76746,73110],{},[36,76748,76749,76750,76752],{},"Using step ",[15,76751,1688],{},", which causes an error",[1286,76754,76756],{"id":76755},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[56,76758,76760],{"className":58,"code":76759,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76761,76762,76790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76763,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76765,3185],{"class":71},[65,76767,76],{"class":75},[65,76769,1339],{"class":79},[65,76771,1898],{"class":83},[65,76773,87],{"class":79},[65,76775,7364],{"class":83},[65,76777,87],{"class":79},[65,76779,7369],{"class":83},[65,76781,87],{"class":79},[65,76783,50428],{"class":83},[65,76785,87],{"class":79},[65,76787,4649],{"class":83},[65,76789,1352],{"class":79},[65,76791,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76793,164],{"class":163},[65,76795,151],{"class":79},[65,76797,3215],{"class":147},[65,76799,3469],{"class":79},[65,76801,84],{"class":83},[65,76803,191],{"class":79},[65,76805,2072],{"class":83},[65,76807,3457],{"class":79},[20,76809,76810],{},"This returns:",[56,76812,76814],{"className":58,"code":76813,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76815,76816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76819,3469],{"class":79},[65,76821,15329],{"class":83},[65,76823,87],{"class":79},[65,76825,7369],{"class":83},[65,76827,87],{"class":79},[65,76829,50428],{"class":83},[65,76831,1352],{"class":79},[20,76833,40488,76834,76836,76837,76839,76840,144],{},[43,76835,45],{}," include ",[15,76838,76378],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76841,2072],{},[1286,76843,76845],{"id":76844},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76847,16219],{},[56,76849,76851],{"className":58,"code":76850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76852,76853,76873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76854,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76856,3185],{"class":71},[65,76858,76],{"class":75},[65,76860,1339],{"class":79},[65,76862,1898],{"class":83},[65,76864,87],{"class":79},[65,76866,7364],{"class":83},[65,76868,87],{"class":79},[65,76870,7369],{"class":83},[65,76872,1352],{"class":79},[65,76874,76875],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76876,76877],{"class":175},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76879,76880],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[56,76882,76884],{"className":58,"code":76883,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76885,76886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76887,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76889,164],{"class":163},[65,76891,151],{"class":79},[65,76893,3215],{"class":147},[65,76895,3469],{"class":79},[65,76897,84],{"class":83},[65,76899,191],{"class":79},[65,76901,111],{"class":83},[65,76903,3457],{"class":79},[1286,76905,76907],{"id":76906},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76909,76910],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[56,76912,76914],{"className":58,"code":76913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76915,76916,76940,76954,76958,76968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76919,3185],{"class":71},[65,76921,76],{"class":75},[65,76923,1339],{"class":79},[65,76925,1898],{"class":83},[65,76927,87],{"class":79},[65,76929,7364],{"class":83},[65,76931,87],{"class":79},[65,76933,7369],{"class":83},[65,76935,87],{"class":79},[65,76937,50428],{"class":83},[65,76939,1352],{"class":79},[65,76941,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,76943,75243],{"class":71},[65,76945,76],{"class":75},[65,76947,3833],{"class":71},[65,76949,75119],{"class":79},[65,76951,1624],{"class":83},[65,76953,1352],{"class":79},[65,76955,76956],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,76957,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,76959,76960,76962,76964,76966],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76961,164],{"class":163},[65,76963,151],{"class":79},[65,76965,75266],{"class":147},[65,76967,157],{"class":79},[65,76969,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,76971,164],{"class":163},[65,76973,151],{"class":79},[65,76975,3215],{"class":147},[65,76977,157],{"class":79},[20,76979,350],{},[56,76981,76983],{"className":58,"code":76982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76984,76985,76997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76988,3469],{"class":79},[65,76990,1898],{"class":83},[65,76992,87],{"class":79},[65,76994,7364],{"class":83},[65,76996,1352],{"class":79},[65,76998,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77000,3469],{"class":79},[65,77002,1898],{"class":83},[65,77004,87],{"class":79},[65,77006,7364],{"class":83},[65,77008,87],{"class":79},[65,77010,7369],{"class":83},[65,77012,87],{"class":79},[65,77014,50428],{"class":83},[65,77016,1352],{"class":79},[20,77018,77019],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1286,77021,77023,77024,8282,77026],{"id":77022},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77025,75645],{},[15,77027,73110],{},[56,77029,77031],{"className":58,"code":77030,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77032,77033,77053,77057,77074,77085],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77034,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77036,3185],{"class":71},[65,77038,76],{"class":75},[65,77040,1339],{"class":79},[65,77042,1898],{"class":83},[65,77044,87],{"class":79},[65,77046,7364],{"class":83},[65,77048,87],{"class":79},[65,77050,7369],{"class":83},[65,77052,1352],{"class":79},[65,77054,77055],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77056,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,77058,77059,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77060,77061],{"class":71},"reversed_copy ",[65,77063,76],{"class":75},[65,77065,3833],{"class":71},[65,77067,73706],{"class":79},[65,77069,1589],{"class":75},[65,77071,84],{"class":83},[65,77073,1352],{"class":79},[65,77075,77076,77078,77080,77083],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77077,164],{"class":163},[65,77079,151],{"class":79},[65,77081,77082],{"class":147},"reversed_copy",[65,77084,157],{"class":79},[65,77086,77087,77089,77091,77093],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,77088,164],{"class":163},[65,77090,151],{"class":79},[65,77092,3215],{"class":147},[65,77094,157],{"class":79},[20,77096,350],{},[56,77098,77100],{"className":58,"code":77099,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77101,77102,77118],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77103,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77105,3469],{"class":79},[65,77107,36421],{"class":83},[65,77109,87],{"class":79},[65,77111,7364],{"class":83},[65,77113,87],{"class":79},[65,77115,5574],{"class":83},[65,77117,1352],{"class":79},[65,77119,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77121,3469],{"class":79},[65,77123,1898],{"class":83},[65,77125,87],{"class":79},[65,77127,7364],{"class":83},[65,77129,87],{"class":79},[65,77131,7369],{"class":83},[65,77133,1352],{"class":79},[20,77135,77136,77139],{},[15,77137,77138],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77141,77142,77143,77146],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77144,77145],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1286,77148,77150],{"id":77149},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77152,77153],{},"This is not allowed:",[56,77155,77157],{"className":58,"code":77156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77158,77159,77179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77160,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77162,3185],{"class":71},[65,77164,76],{"class":75},[65,77166,1339],{"class":79},[65,77168,1898],{"class":83},[65,77170,87],{"class":79},[65,77172,7364],{"class":83},[65,77174,87],{"class":79},[65,77176,7369],{"class":83},[65,77178,1352],{"class":79},[65,77180,77181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77182,77183],{"class":175},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77185,77186,77187,144],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77188,40286],{},[51,77190,77192],{"id":77191},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77194,77195],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,77197,77198,77205,77211,77214,77217],{},[36,77199,36784,77200,634,77202,77204],{},[15,77201,35652],{},[15,77203,75010],{}," positions",[36,77206,77207,77208,77210],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77209,75010],{}," index is included",[36,77212,77213],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,77215,77216],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,77218,77219],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77221,77222],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[56,77224,77226],{"className":58,"code":77225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77227,77228,77238,77252,77270,77284,77301],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77229,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77231,164],{"class":163},[65,77233,151],{"class":79},[65,77235,7915],{"class":147},[65,77237,157],{"class":79},[65,77239,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77241,164],{"class":163},[65,77243,151],{"class":79},[65,77245,10737],{"class":163},[65,77247,151],{"class":79},[65,77249,7915],{"class":147},[65,77251,1028],{"class":79},[65,77253,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77255,164],{"class":163},[65,77257,151],{"class":79},[65,77259,7915],{"class":147},[65,77261,3469],{"class":79},[65,77263,84],{"class":83},[65,77265,191],{"class":79},[65,77267,2072],{"class":83},[65,77269,3457],{"class":79},[65,77271,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77273,164],{"class":163},[65,77275,151],{"class":79},[65,77277,7915],{"class":147},[65,77279,75119],{"class":79},[65,77281,111],{"class":83},[65,77283,3457],{"class":79},[65,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,77287,164],{"class":163},[65,77289,151],{"class":79},[65,77291,7915],{"class":147},[65,77293,3469],{"class":79},[65,77295,1589],{"class":75},[65,77297,111],{"class":83},[65,77299,77300],{"class":79},":])\n",[65,77302,77303,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,77304,164],{"class":163},[65,77306,151],{"class":79},[65,77308,7915],{"class":147},[65,77310,73706],{"class":79},[65,77312,1589],{"class":75},[65,77314,84],{"class":83},[65,77316,3457],{"class":79},[20,77318,7994,77319,77321,77322,77326],{},[15,77320,41944],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[210,77323,77325],{"href":77324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[51,77328,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,77330,77332],{"id":77331},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77334,77335],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1286,77337,77339],{"id":77338},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77341,77342],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1286,77344,4711,77346,39542],{"id":77345},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77347,75645],{},[20,77349,77350],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1286,77352,77354,77355,1304],{"id":77353},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77356,70315],{},[20,77358,77359],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[51,77361,1455],{"id":1454},[33,77363,77364,77369,77374,77378,77382,77386],{},[36,77365,77366],{},[210,77367,77368],{"href":50564},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,77370,77371],{},[210,77372,77373],{"href":56739},"How to create a list in Python",[36,77375,77376],{},[210,77377,14540],{"href":56805},[36,77379,77380],{},[210,77381,74391],{"href":74390},[36,77383,77384],{},[210,77385,77325],{"href":77324},[36,77387,77388],{},[210,77389,68843],{"href":68842},[20,77391,77392,77393,77395],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77394,41944],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1499,77397,77398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":77400},[77401,77402,77403,77404,77405,77406,77409,77413,77421,77422,77430],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":75174,"depth":101,"text":75175},{"id":75337,"depth":101,"text":75338},{"id":75599,"depth":101,"text":75600},{"id":75893,"depth":101,"text":75894},{"id":76139,"depth":101,"text":76140,"children":77407},[77408],{"id":76397,"depth":126,"text":76398},{"id":76451,"depth":101,"text":76452,"children":77410},[77411,77412],{"id":76458,"depth":126,"text":76459},{"id":76519,"depth":126,"text":76520},{"id":76726,"depth":101,"text":14752,"children":77414},[77415,77416,77417,77418,77420],{"id":76755,"depth":126,"text":76756},{"id":76844,"depth":126,"text":76845},{"id":76906,"depth":126,"text":76907},{"id":77022,"depth":126,"text":77419},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77149,"depth":126,"text":77150},{"id":77191,"depth":101,"text":77192},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":77423},[77424,77425,77426,77428],{"id":77331,"depth":126,"text":77332},{"id":77338,"depth":126,"text":77339},{"id":77345,"depth":126,"text":77427},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77353,"depth":126,"text":77429},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74997,"description":77431},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77438,"title":77439,"body":77440,"description":79509,"extension":1528,"meta":79510,"navigation":129,"path":79511,"seo":79512,"stem":79513,"__hash__":79514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77441,"toc":79475},[77442,77447,77453,77459,77461,77508,77515,77520,77524,77539,77542,77595,77597,77622,77627,77629,77661,77664,77680,77682,77743,77745,77770,77774,77779,77832,77834,77859,77864,77925,77927,77952,77955,77962,77966,77969,78030,78032,78065,78068,78129,78131,78164,78170,78243,78245,78277,78284,78289,78294,78296,78308,78311,78389,78391,78432,78435,78509,78511,78544,78549,78556,78563,78567,78576,78580,78588,78590,78657,78659,78695,78700,78711,78713,78718,78723,78725,78788,78790,78815,78822,78827,78831,78834,78874,78879,78885,78890,78892,78919,78924,78927,78974,78976,79033,79040,79045,79051,79120,79124,79127,79190,79192,79225,79230,79232,79235,79316,79318,79342,79348,79350,79355,79359,79366,79374,79378,79380,79403,79407,79409,79436,79439,79446,79449,79451,79472],[10,77443,53928,77445,18],{"id":77444},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77446,63896],{},[20,77448,77449,77452],{},[15,77450,77451],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77454,77455,77456,77458],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77457,63896],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[51,77460,1570],{"id":1569},[56,77462,77464],{"className":58,"code":77463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77465,77466,77486,77496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77467,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77469,3185],{"class":71},[65,77471,76],{"class":75},[65,77473,1339],{"class":79},[65,77475,111],{"class":83},[65,77477,87],{"class":79},[65,77479,5066],{"class":83},[65,77481,87],{"class":79},[65,77483,90],{"class":83},[65,77485,1352],{"class":79},[65,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77489,3215],{"class":71},[65,77491,144],{"class":79},[65,77493,34377],{"class":147},[65,77495,8220],{"class":79},[65,77497,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77499,164],{"class":163},[65,77501,151],{"class":79},[65,77503,3215],{"class":147},[65,77505,172],{"class":79},[65,77507,54518],{"class":175},[20,77509,1660,77510,77512,77513,144],{},[15,77511,77451],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77514,3344],{},[51,77516,183,77518,186],{"id":77517},"what-listsort-does",[15,77519,77451],{},[20,77521,77522,191],{},[15,77523,77451],{},[33,77525,77526,77529,77532,77536],{},[36,77527,77528],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,77530,77531],{},"Changes the original list",[36,77533,10999,77534],{},[15,77535,3344],{},[36,77537,77538],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77540,77541],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[56,77543,77545],{"className":58,"code":77544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77546,77547,77571,77581,77585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77548,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77550,3185],{"class":71},[65,77552,76],{"class":75},[65,77554,1339],{"class":79},[65,77556,1705],{"class":83},[65,77558,87],{"class":79},[65,77560,90],{"class":83},[65,77562,87],{"class":79},[65,77564,53722],{"class":83},[65,77566,87],{"class":79},[65,77568,5066],{"class":83},[65,77570,1352],{"class":79},[65,77572,77573,77575,77577,77579],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77574,3215],{"class":71},[65,77576,144],{"class":79},[65,77578,34377],{"class":147},[65,77580,8220],{"class":79},[65,77582,77583],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77584,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,77586,77587,77589,77591,77593],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77588,164],{"class":163},[65,77590,151],{"class":79},[65,77592,3215],{"class":147},[65,77594,157],{"class":79},[20,77596,350],{},[56,77598,77600],{"className":58,"code":77599,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77601,77602],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77603,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77605,3469],{"class":79},[65,77607,84],{"class":83},[65,77609,87],{"class":79},[65,77611,90],{"class":83},[65,77613,87],{"class":79},[65,77615,121],{"class":83},[65,77617,87],{"class":79},[65,77619,53722],{"class":83},[65,77621,1352],{"class":79},[20,77623,77624,77625,144],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[210,77626,66661],{"href":50564},[51,77628,222],{"id":221},[56,77630,77632],{"className":58,"code":77631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77633,77634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77635,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77655,77657,77659],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77637,7915],{"class":71},[65,77639,144],{"class":79},[65,77641,34377],{"class":147},[65,77643,151],{"class":79},[65,77645,14416],{"class":8754},[65,77647,76],{"class":75},[65,77649,3344],{"class":3419},[65,77651,87],{"class":79},[65,77653,77654],{"class":8754}," reverse",[65,77656,76],{"class":75},[65,77658,3240],{"class":3419},[65,77660,157],{"class":79},[20,77662,77663],{},"Main arguments:",[33,77665,77666,77671,77677],{},[36,77667,77668,77670],{},[15,77669,14416],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,77672,77673,77676],{},[15,77674,77675],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,77678,77679],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77681,267],{},[56,77683,77685],{"className":58,"code":77684,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77686,77687,77711,77729,77733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77688,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77690,3185],{"class":71},[65,77692,76],{"class":75},[65,77694,1339],{"class":79},[65,77696,2072],{"class":83},[65,77698,87],{"class":79},[65,77700,5066],{"class":83},[65,77702,87],{"class":79},[65,77704,5563],{"class":83},[65,77706,87],{"class":79},[65,77708,90],{"class":83},[65,77710,1352],{"class":79},[65,77712,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77714,3215],{"class":71},[65,77716,144],{"class":79},[65,77718,34377],{"class":147},[65,77720,151],{"class":79},[65,77722,73161],{"class":8754},[65,77724,76],{"class":75},[65,77726,3172],{"class":3419},[65,77728,157],{"class":79},[65,77730,77731],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77732,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,77734,77735,77737,77739,77741],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77736,164],{"class":163},[65,77738,151],{"class":79},[65,77740,3215],{"class":147},[65,77742,157],{"class":79},[20,77744,350],{},[56,77746,77748],{"className":58,"code":77747,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77749,77750],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77751,77752,77754,77756,77758,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77753,3469],{"class":79},[65,77755,1592],{"class":83},[65,77757,87],{"class":79},[65,77759,116],{"class":83},[65,77761,87],{"class":79},[65,77763,90],{"class":83},[65,77765,87],{"class":79},[65,77767,5066],{"class":83},[65,77769,1352],{"class":79},[51,77771,77773],{"id":77772},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77775,1660,77776,77778],{},[15,77777,63896],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[56,77780,77782],{"className":58,"code":77781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77783,77784,77808,77818,77822],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77785,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77787,3185],{"class":71},[65,77789,76],{"class":75},[65,77791,1339],{"class":79},[65,77793,1898],{"class":83},[65,77795,87],{"class":79},[65,77797,95],{"class":83},[65,77799,87],{"class":79},[65,77801,5929],{"class":83},[65,77803,87],{"class":79},[65,77805,5066],{"class":83},[65,77807,1352],{"class":79},[65,77809,77810,77812,77814,77816],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77811,3215],{"class":71},[65,77813,144],{"class":79},[65,77815,34377],{"class":147},[65,77817,8220],{"class":79},[65,77819,77820],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77821,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,77823,77824,77826,77828,77830],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77825,164],{"class":163},[65,77827,151],{"class":79},[65,77829,3215],{"class":147},[65,77831,157],{"class":79},[20,77833,350],{},[56,77835,77837],{"className":58,"code":77836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77838,77839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77840,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77842,3469],{"class":79},[65,77844,84],{"class":83},[65,77846,87],{"class":79},[65,77848,95],{"class":83},[65,77850,87],{"class":79},[65,77852,5929],{"class":83},[65,77854,87],{"class":79},[65,77856,5574],{"class":83},[65,77858,1352],{"class":79},[20,77860,1660,77861,77863],{},[15,77862,77675],{}," for descending order:",[56,77865,77867],{"className":58,"code":77866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77868,77869,77893,77911,77915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77870,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77872,3185],{"class":71},[65,77874,76],{"class":75},[65,77876,1339],{"class":79},[65,77878,1898],{"class":83},[65,77880,87],{"class":79},[65,77882,95],{"class":83},[65,77884,87],{"class":79},[65,77886,5929],{"class":83},[65,77888,87],{"class":79},[65,77890,5066],{"class":83},[65,77892,1352],{"class":79},[65,77894,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,77896,3215],{"class":71},[65,77898,144],{"class":79},[65,77900,34377],{"class":147},[65,77902,151],{"class":79},[65,77904,73161],{"class":8754},[65,77906,76],{"class":75},[65,77908,3172],{"class":3419},[65,77910,157],{"class":79},[65,77912,77913],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,77914,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,77916,77917,77919,77921,77923],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77918,164],{"class":163},[65,77920,151],{"class":79},[65,77922,3215],{"class":147},[65,77924,157],{"class":79},[20,77926,350],{},[56,77928,77930],{"className":58,"code":77929,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77931,77932],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77933,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77935,3469],{"class":79},[65,77937,1898],{"class":83},[65,77939,87],{"class":79},[65,77941,5929],{"class":83},[65,77943,87],{"class":79},[65,77945,95],{"class":83},[65,77947,87],{"class":79},[65,77949,5066],{"class":83},[65,77951,1352],{"class":79},[20,77953,77954],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77956,77957,77958,144],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[210,77959,77961],{"href":77960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[51,77963,77965],{"id":77964},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77967,77968],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[56,77970,77972],{"className":58,"code":77971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77973,77974,78006,78016,78020],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77975,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77977,3639],{"class":71},[65,77979,76],{"class":75},[65,77981,1339],{"class":79},[65,77983,488],{"class":487},[65,77985,3657],{"class":491},[65,77987,488],{"class":487},[65,77989,87],{"class":79},[65,77991,499],{"class":487},[65,77993,3648],{"class":491},[65,77995,488],{"class":487},[65,77997,87],{"class":79},[65,77999,499],{"class":487},[65,78001,3666],{"class":491},[65,78003,488],{"class":487},[65,78005,1352],{"class":79},[65,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78009,3683],{"class":71},[65,78011,144],{"class":79},[65,78013,34377],{"class":147},[65,78015,8220],{"class":79},[65,78017,78018],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78019,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78021,78022,78024,78026,78028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78023,164],{"class":163},[65,78025,151],{"class":79},[65,78027,3683],{"class":147},[65,78029,157],{"class":79},[20,78031,350],{},[56,78033,78035],{"className":58,"code":78034,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78036,78037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78038,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78040,3469],{"class":79},[65,78042,594],{"class":487},[65,78044,3648],{"class":491},[65,78046,594],{"class":487},[65,78048,87],{"class":79},[65,78050,603],{"class":487},[65,78052,3657],{"class":491},[65,78054,594],{"class":487},[65,78056,87],{"class":79},[65,78058,603],{"class":487},[65,78060,3666],{"class":491},[65,78062,594],{"class":487},[65,78064,1352],{"class":79},[20,78066,78067],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[56,78069,78071],{"className":58,"code":78070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78072,78073,78105,78115,78119],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78074,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78076,3639],{"class":71},[65,78078,76],{"class":75},[65,78080,1339],{"class":79},[65,78082,488],{"class":487},[65,78084,3657],{"class":491},[65,78086,488],{"class":487},[65,78088,87],{"class":79},[65,78090,499],{"class":487},[65,78092,57353],{"class":491},[65,78094,488],{"class":487},[65,78096,87],{"class":79},[65,78098,499],{"class":487},[65,78100,3666],{"class":491},[65,78102,488],{"class":487},[65,78104,1352],{"class":79},[65,78106,78107,78109,78111,78113],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78108,3683],{"class":71},[65,78110,144],{"class":79},[65,78112,34377],{"class":147},[65,78114,8220],{"class":79},[65,78116,78117],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78118,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78120,78121,78123,78125,78127],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78122,164],{"class":163},[65,78124,151],{"class":79},[65,78126,3683],{"class":147},[65,78128,157],{"class":79},[20,78130,350],{},[56,78132,78134],{"className":58,"code":78133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78135,78136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78137,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78139,3469],{"class":79},[65,78141,594],{"class":487},[65,78143,57353],{"class":491},[65,78145,594],{"class":487},[65,78147,87],{"class":79},[65,78149,603],{"class":487},[65,78151,3657],{"class":491},[65,78153,594],{"class":487},[65,78155,87],{"class":79},[65,78157,603],{"class":487},[65,78159,3666],{"class":491},[65,78161,594],{"class":487},[65,78163,1352],{"class":79},[20,78165,78166,78167,191],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78168,78169],{},"key=str.lower",[56,78171,78173],{"className":58,"code":78172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78174,78175,78207,78229,78233],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78176,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78178,3639],{"class":71},[65,78180,76],{"class":75},[65,78182,1339],{"class":79},[65,78184,488],{"class":487},[65,78186,3657],{"class":491},[65,78188,488],{"class":487},[65,78190,87],{"class":79},[65,78192,499],{"class":487},[65,78194,57353],{"class":491},[65,78196,488],{"class":487},[65,78198,87],{"class":79},[65,78200,499],{"class":487},[65,78202,3666],{"class":491},[65,78204,488],{"class":487},[65,78206,1352],{"class":79},[65,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78210,3683],{"class":71},[65,78212,144],{"class":79},[65,78214,34377],{"class":147},[65,78216,151],{"class":79},[65,78218,14416],{"class":8754},[65,78220,76],{"class":75},[65,78222,3010],{"class":1259},[65,78224,144],{"class":79},[65,78226,8217],{"class":24325},[65,78228,157],{"class":79},[65,78230,78231],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78232,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78234,78235,78237,78239,78241],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78236,164],{"class":163},[65,78238,151],{"class":79},[65,78240,3683],{"class":147},[65,78242,157],{"class":79},[20,78244,350],{},[56,78246,78247],{"className":58,"code":78133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,78248,78249],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78250,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78252,3469],{"class":79},[65,78254,594],{"class":487},[65,78256,57353],{"class":491},[65,78258,594],{"class":487},[65,78260,87],{"class":79},[65,78262,603],{"class":487},[65,78264,3657],{"class":491},[65,78266,594],{"class":487},[65,78268,87],{"class":79},[65,78270,603],{"class":487},[65,78272,3666],{"class":491},[65,78274,594],{"class":487},[65,78276,1352],{"class":79},[20,78278,78279,78280,78283],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78281,78282],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[51,78285,946,78287,36195],{"id":78286},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78288,14416],{},[20,78290,1545,78291,78293],{},[15,78292,14416],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78295,6915],{},[33,78297,78298,78303],{},[36,78299,78300,78302],{},[15,78301,10737],{}," to sort by length",[36,78304,78305,78307],{},[15,78306,78282],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78309,78310],{},"Sort words by length:",[56,78312,78314],{"className":58,"code":78313,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78315,78316,78357,78375,78379],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78317,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78319,3639],{"class":71},[65,78321,76],{"class":75},[65,78323,1339],{"class":79},[65,78325,488],{"class":487},[65,78327,78328],{"class":491},"pear",[65,78330,488],{"class":487},[65,78332,87],{"class":79},[65,78334,499],{"class":487},[65,78336,3657],{"class":491},[65,78338,488],{"class":487},[65,78340,87],{"class":79},[65,78342,499],{"class":487},[65,78344,37939],{"class":491},[65,78346,488],{"class":487},[65,78348,87],{"class":79},[65,78350,499],{"class":487},[65,78352,3648],{"class":491},[65,78354,488],{"class":487},[65,78356,1352],{"class":79},[65,78358,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78360,3683],{"class":71},[65,78362,144],{"class":79},[65,78364,34377],{"class":147},[65,78366,151],{"class":79},[65,78368,14416],{"class":8754},[65,78370,76],{"class":75},[65,78372,10737],{"class":163},[65,78374,157],{"class":79},[65,78376,78377],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78378,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78380,78381,78383,78385,78387],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78382,164],{"class":163},[65,78384,151],{"class":79},[65,78386,3683],{"class":147},[65,78388,157],{"class":79},[20,78390,350],{},[56,78392,78394],{"className":58,"code":78393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78395,78396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78397,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78399,3469],{"class":79},[65,78401,594],{"class":487},[65,78403,37939],{"class":491},[65,78405,594],{"class":487},[65,78407,87],{"class":79},[65,78409,603],{"class":487},[65,78411,78328],{"class":491},[65,78413,594],{"class":487},[65,78415,87],{"class":79},[65,78417,603],{"class":487},[65,78419,3648],{"class":491},[65,78421,594],{"class":487},[65,78423,87],{"class":79},[65,78425,603],{"class":487},[65,78427,3657],{"class":491},[65,78429,594],{"class":487},[65,78431,1352],{"class":79},[20,78433,78434],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[56,78436,78438],{"className":58,"code":78437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78439,78440,78473,78495,78499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78469,78471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78443,3639],{"class":71},[65,78445,76],{"class":75},[65,78447,1339],{"class":79},[65,78449,488],{"class":487},[65,78451,4581],{"class":491},[65,78453,488],{"class":487},[65,78455,87],{"class":79},[65,78457,499],{"class":487},[65,78459,17378],{"class":491},[65,78461,488],{"class":487},[65,78463,87],{"class":79},[65,78465,499],{"class":487},[65,78467,78468],{"class":491},"Carol",[65,78470,488],{"class":487},[65,78472,1352],{"class":79},[65,78474,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78476,3683],{"class":71},[65,78478,144],{"class":79},[65,78480,34377],{"class":147},[65,78482,151],{"class":79},[65,78484,14416],{"class":8754},[65,78486,76],{"class":75},[65,78488,3010],{"class":1259},[65,78490,144],{"class":79},[65,78492,8217],{"class":24325},[65,78494,157],{"class":79},[65,78496,78497],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78498,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78500,78501,78503,78505,78507],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78502,164],{"class":163},[65,78504,151],{"class":79},[65,78506,3683],{"class":147},[65,78508,157],{"class":79},[20,78510,350],{},[56,78512,78514],{"className":58,"code":78513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78515,78516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78517,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78519,3469],{"class":79},[65,78521,594],{"class":487},[65,78523,17378],{"class":491},[65,78525,594],{"class":487},[65,78527,87],{"class":79},[65,78529,603],{"class":487},[65,78531,4581],{"class":491},[65,78533,594],{"class":487},[65,78535,87],{"class":79},[65,78537,603],{"class":487},[65,78539,78468],{"class":491},[65,78541,594],{"class":487},[65,78543,1352],{"class":79},[20,78545,1545,78546,78548],{},[15,78547,14416],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[51,78550,78552,657,78554],{"id":78551},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78553,77451],{},[15,78555,74008],{},[20,78557,78558,634,78560,78562],{},[15,78559,77451],{},[15,78561,74008],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78564,78565,191],{},[15,78566,77451],{},[33,78568,78569,78572],{},[36,78570,78571],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,78573,10999,78574],{},[15,78575,3344],{},[20,78577,78578,191],{},[15,78579,74008],{},[33,78581,78582,78585],{},[36,78583,78584],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,78586,78587],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78589,267],{},[56,78591,78593],{"className":58,"code":78592,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78594,78595,78615,78619,78633,78637,78647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78596,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78598,3185],{"class":71},[65,78600,76],{"class":75},[65,78602,1339],{"class":79},[65,78604,111],{"class":83},[65,78606,87],{"class":79},[65,78608,5066],{"class":83},[65,78610,87],{"class":79},[65,78612,90],{"class":83},[65,78614,1352],{"class":79},[65,78616,78617],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78618,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78620,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78622,55476],{"class":71},[65,78624,76],{"class":75},[65,78626,74142],{"class":163},[65,78628,151],{"class":79},[65,78630,3215],{"class":147},[65,78632,157],{"class":79},[65,78634,78635],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78636,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78638,78639,78641,78643,78645],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,78640,164],{"class":163},[65,78642,151],{"class":79},[65,78644,3215],{"class":147},[65,78646,157],{"class":79},[65,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,78650,164],{"class":163},[65,78652,151],{"class":79},[65,78654,73865],{"class":147},[65,78656,157],{"class":79},[20,78658,350],{},[56,78660,78661],{"className":58,"code":74177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,78662,78663,78679],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78664,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78666,3469],{"class":79},[65,78668,111],{"class":83},[65,78670,87],{"class":79},[65,78672,5066],{"class":83},[65,78674,87],{"class":79},[65,78676,90],{"class":83},[65,78678,1352],{"class":79},[65,78680,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78682,3469],{"class":79},[65,78684,84],{"class":83},[65,78686,87],{"class":79},[65,78688,90],{"class":83},[65,78690,87],{"class":79},[65,78692,95],{"class":83},[65,78694,1352],{"class":79},[20,78696,1660,78697,78699],{},[15,78698,74008],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78701,78702,78703,634,78707,144],{},"You can learn more in ",[210,78704,3143,78705,5352],{"href":74105},[15,78706,74008],{},[210,78708,78710],{"href":78709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[51,78712,2396],{"id":2395},[20,78714,78715,78716,144],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78717,77451],{},[1286,78719,12170,78721],{"id":78720},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78722,63896],{},[20,78724,25266],{},[56,78726,78728],{"className":58,"code":78727,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78729,78730,78750,78764,78768,78778],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78731,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78733,3185],{"class":71},[65,78735,76],{"class":75},[65,78737,1339],{"class":79},[65,78739,111],{"class":83},[65,78741,87],{"class":79},[65,78743,5066],{"class":83},[65,78745,87],{"class":79},[65,78747,90],{"class":83},[65,78749,1352],{"class":79},[65,78751,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78753,136],{"class":71},[65,78755,76],{"class":75},[65,78757,3833],{"class":71},[65,78759,144],{"class":79},[65,78761,34377],{"class":147},[65,78763,8220],{"class":79},[65,78765,78766],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78767,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78769,78770,78772,78774,78776],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78771,164],{"class":163},[65,78773,151],{"class":79},[65,78775,169],{"class":147},[65,78777,157],{"class":79},[65,78779,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,78781,164],{"class":163},[65,78783,151],{"class":79},[65,78785,3215],{"class":147},[65,78787,157],{"class":79},[20,78789,350],{},[56,78791,78793],{"className":58,"code":78792,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78794,78795,78799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78796,78797],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78798,11383],{"class":3419},[65,78800,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78802,3469],{"class":79},[65,78804,84],{"class":83},[65,78806,87],{"class":79},[65,78808,90],{"class":83},[65,78810,87],{"class":79},[65,78812,95],{"class":83},[65,78814,1352],{"class":79},[20,78816,78817,78819,78820,144],{},[15,78818,63896],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78821,3344],{},[20,78823,78824,78825,6202],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78826,74008],{},[1286,78828,78830],{"id":78829},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78832,78833],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[56,78835,78837],{"className":58,"code":78836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78838,78839,78864],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78840,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78856,78858,78860,78862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78842,7353],{"class":71},[65,78844,76],{"class":75},[65,78846,1339],{"class":79},[65,78848,84],{"class":83},[65,78850,87],{"class":79},[65,78852,499],{"class":487},[65,78854,78855],{"class":491},"two",[65,78857,488],{"class":487},[65,78859,87],{"class":79},[65,78861,95],{"class":83},[65,78863,1352],{"class":79},[65,78865,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78867,7384],{"class":71},[65,78869,144],{"class":79},[65,78871,34377],{"class":147},[65,78873,8220],{"class":79},[20,78875,2568,78876,78878],{},[15,78877,2571],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1286,78880,4272,78882,78884],{"id":78881},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78883,63896],{}," only works on lists",[20,78886,78887,78889],{},[15,78888,63896],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78891,16219],{},[56,78893,78895],{"className":58,"code":78894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78896,78897,78909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78900,34265],{"class":71},[65,78902,76],{"class":75},[65,78904,499],{"class":487},[65,78906,60],{"class":491},[65,78908,2925],{"class":487},[65,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78912,34286],{"class":71},[65,78914,144],{"class":79},[65,78916,34377],{"class":147},[65,78918,8220],{"class":79},[20,78920,78921,78922,33177],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78923,63896],{},[20,78925,78926],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[56,78928,78930],{"className":58,"code":78929,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78931,78932,78950,78960,78964],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78933,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78935,35670],{"class":71},[65,78937,76],{"class":75},[65,78939,22134],{"class":1259},[65,78941,151],{"class":79},[65,78943,488],{"class":487},[65,78945,60],{"class":491},[65,78947,488],{"class":487},[65,78949,157],{"class":79},[65,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,78953,35723],{"class":71},[65,78955,144],{"class":79},[65,78957,34377],{"class":147},[65,78959,8220],{"class":79},[65,78961,78962],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,78963,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78967,164],{"class":163},[65,78969,151],{"class":79},[65,78971,35723],{"class":147},[65,78973,157],{"class":79},[20,78975,350],{},[56,78977,78979],{"className":58,"code":78978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78980,78981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78982,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78984,3469],{"class":79},[65,78986,594],{"class":487},[65,78988,60023],{"class":491},[65,78990,594],{"class":487},[65,78992,87],{"class":79},[65,78994,603],{"class":487},[65,78996,75614],{"class":491},[65,78998,594],{"class":487},[65,79000,87],{"class":79},[65,79002,603],{"class":487},[65,79004,60058],{"class":491},[65,79006,594],{"class":487},[65,79008,87],{"class":79},[65,79010,603],{"class":487},[65,79012,20],{"class":491},[65,79014,594],{"class":487},[65,79016,87],{"class":79},[65,79018,603],{"class":487},[65,79020,62871],{"class":491},[65,79022,594],{"class":487},[65,79024,87],{"class":79},[65,79026,603],{"class":487},[65,79028,11320],{"class":491},[65,79030,594],{"class":487},[65,79032,1352],{"class":79},[1286,79034,79036,79037,79039],{"id":79035},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79038,14416],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79041,79042,79043,144],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79044,14416],{},[20,79046,79047,79048,79050],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79049,63896],{}," will not do that:",[56,79052,79054],{"className":58,"code":79053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79055,79056,79088,79106,79110],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79057,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79059,3639],{"class":71},[65,79061,76],{"class":75},[65,79063,1339],{"class":79},[65,79065,488],{"class":487},[65,79067,3657],{"class":491},[65,79069,488],{"class":487},[65,79071,87],{"class":79},[65,79073,499],{"class":487},[65,79075,37939],{"class":491},[65,79077,488],{"class":487},[65,79079,87],{"class":79},[65,79081,499],{"class":487},[65,79083,3648],{"class":491},[65,79085,488],{"class":487},[65,79087,1352],{"class":79},[65,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,79091,3683],{"class":71},[65,79093,144],{"class":79},[65,79095,34377],{"class":147},[65,79097,151],{"class":79},[65,79099,14416],{"class":8754},[65,79101,76],{"class":75},[65,79103,10737],{"class":163},[65,79105,157],{"class":79},[65,79107,79108],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,79109,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,79111,79112,79114,79116,79118],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79113,164],{"class":163},[65,79115,151],{"class":79},[65,79117,3683],{"class":147},[65,79119,157],{"class":79},[1286,79121,79123],{"id":79122},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79125,79126],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[56,79128,79130],{"className":58,"code":79129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79131,79132,79166,79176,79180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79162,79164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79135,3639],{"class":71},[65,79137,76],{"class":75},[65,79139,1339],{"class":79},[65,79141,488],{"class":487},[65,79143,79144],{"class":491},"zebra",[65,79146,488],{"class":487},[65,79148,87],{"class":79},[65,79150,499],{"class":487},[65,79152,57353],{"class":491},[65,79154,488],{"class":487},[65,79156,87],{"class":79},[65,79158,499],{"class":487},[65,79160,79161],{"class":491},"monkey",[65,79163,488],{"class":487},[65,79165,1352],{"class":79},[65,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,79169,3683],{"class":71},[65,79171,144],{"class":79},[65,79173,34377],{"class":147},[65,79175,8220],{"class":79},[65,79177,79178],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,79179,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,79181,79182,79184,79186,79188],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79183,164],{"class":163},[65,79185,151],{"class":79},[65,79187,3683],{"class":147},[65,79189,157],{"class":79},[20,79191,350],{},[56,79193,79195],{"className":58,"code":79194,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79196,79197],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79198,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79200,3469],{"class":79},[65,79202,594],{"class":487},[65,79204,57353],{"class":491},[65,79206,594],{"class":487},[65,79208,87],{"class":79},[65,79210,603],{"class":487},[65,79212,79161],{"class":491},[65,79214,594],{"class":487},[65,79216,87],{"class":79},[65,79218,603],{"class":487},[65,79220,79144],{"class":491},[65,79222,594],{"class":487},[65,79224,1352],{"class":79},[20,79226,1660,79227,79229],{},[15,79228,78169],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1286,79231,60295],{"id":60294},[20,79233,79234],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[56,79236,79238],{"className":58,"code":79237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79239,79240,79250,79264,79278,79292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79241,79242,79244,79246,79248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79243,164],{"class":163},[65,79245,151],{"class":79},[65,79247,7915],{"class":147},[65,79249,157],{"class":79},[65,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,79253,164],{"class":163},[65,79255,151],{"class":79},[65,79257,1260],{"class":1259},[65,79259,151],{"class":79},[65,79261,7915],{"class":147},[65,79263,1028],{"class":79},[65,79265,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,79267,164],{"class":163},[65,79269,151],{"class":79},[65,79271,7915],{"class":147},[65,79273,144],{"class":79},[65,79275,34377],{"class":147},[65,79277,6766],{"class":79},[65,79279,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79281,164],{"class":163},[65,79283,151],{"class":79},[65,79285,74098],{"class":163},[65,79287,151],{"class":79},[65,79289,7915],{"class":147},[65,79291,1028],{"class":79},[65,79293,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,79295,164],{"class":163},[65,79297,2552],{"class":79},[65,79299,1260],{"class":1259},[65,79301,151],{"class":79},[65,79303,22885],{"class":147},[65,79305,172],{"class":79},[65,79307,3445],{"class":3444},[65,79309,5530],{"class":147},[65,79311,3451],{"class":3444},[65,79313,7972],{"class":147},[65,79315,3457],{"class":79},[20,79317,10746],{},[33,79319,79320,79323,79326,79333,79339],{},[36,79321,79322],{},"What values are in the list",[36,79324,79325],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,79327,79328,79329,1965,79331],{},"That ",[15,79330,63896],{},[15,79332,3344],{},[36,79334,79335,79336,79338],{},"Whether ",[15,79337,74008],{}," works better for your case",[36,79340,79341],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79343,79344,79345,79347],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79346,2571],{}," problems.",[51,79349,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,79351,1289,79353,55055],{"id":79352},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79354,77451],{},[20,79356,62187,79357,144],{},[15,79358,3344],{},[1286,79360,1299,79362,634,79364,1304],{"id":79361},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79363,63896],{},[15,79365,74008],{},[20,79367,79368,79370,79371,79373],{},[15,79369,63896],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79372,74008],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1286,79375,79377],{"id":79376},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79379,784],{},[56,79381,79383],{"className":58,"code":79382,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79384,79385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79386,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79388,7915],{"class":71},[65,79390,144],{"class":79},[65,79392,34377],{"class":147},[65,79394,151],{"class":79},[65,79396,73161],{"class":8754},[65,79398,76],{"class":75},[65,79400,3172],{"class":3419},[65,79402,157],{"class":79},[1286,79404,79406],{"id":79405},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79408,784],{},[56,79410,79412],{"className":58,"code":79411,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79413,79414],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79415,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79417,7915],{"class":71},[65,79419,144],{"class":79},[65,79421,34377],{"class":147},[65,79423,151],{"class":79},[65,79425,14416],{"class":8754},[65,79427,76],{"class":75},[65,79429,3010],{"class":1259},[65,79431,144],{"class":79},[65,79433,8217],{"class":24325},[65,79435,157],{"class":79},[20,79437,79438],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1286,79440,79442,79443,79445],{"id":79441},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79444,2571],{}," when sorting?",[20,79447,79448],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[51,79450,1455],{"id":1454},[33,79452,79453,79458,79464,79468],{},[36,79454,79455],{},[210,79456,79457],{"href":77960},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,79459,79460],{},[210,79461,3143,79462,5352],{"href":74105},[15,79463,74008],{},[36,79465,79466],{},[210,79467,66661],{"href":50564},[36,79469,79470],{},[210,79471,78710],{"href":78709},[1499,79473,79474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":79476},[79477,79478,79480,79481,79482,79483,79485,79487,79498,79508],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":77517,"depth":101,"text":79479},"What list.sort() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":77772,"depth":101,"text":77773},{"id":77964,"depth":101,"text":77965},{"id":78286,"depth":101,"text":79484},"Using the key argument",{"id":78551,"depth":101,"text":79486},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":79488},[79489,79491,79492,79494,79496,79497],{"id":78720,"depth":126,"text":79490},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78829,"depth":126,"text":78830},{"id":78881,"depth":126,"text":79493},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79035,"depth":126,"text":79495},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79122,"depth":126,"text":79123},{"id":60294,"depth":126,"text":60295},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":79499},[79500,79502,79504,79505,79506],{"id":79352,"depth":126,"text":79501},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79361,"depth":126,"text":79503},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79376,"depth":126,"text":79377},{"id":79405,"depth":126,"text":79406},{"id":79441,"depth":126,"text":79507},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77439,"description":79509},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79516,"title":79517,"body":79518,"description":82146,"extension":1528,"meta":82147,"navigation":129,"path":82148,"seo":82149,"stem":82150,"__hash__":82151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79519,"toc":82105},[79520,79525,79530,79533,79544,79547,79567,79569,79631,79633,79674,79683,79688,79693,79699,79710,79712,79731,79734,79739,79744,79746,79751,79765,79767,79785,79788,79805,79808,79814,79837,79842,79844,79847,79908,79910,79943,79945,79984,79992,80002,80008,80013,80106,80108,80132,80134,80152,80155,80186,80192,80197,80200,80202,80325,80327,80351,80353,80372,80378,80384,80503,80505,80522,80528,80534,80539,80546,80552,80554,80611,80614,80635,80638,80641,80702,80704,80737,80741,80811,80813,80830,80834,80837,80912,80914,80951,80954,80957,81028,81030,81091,81096,81101,81104,81118,81120,81193,81195,81215,81218,81221,81278,81340,81343,81375,81378,81393,81398,81400,81406,81409,81465,81468,81470,81489,81493,81495,81539,81548,81550,81610,81614,81617,81619,81712,81714,81829,81833,81835,81909,81912,81915,81917,81922,81987,81989,82013,82023,82025,82031,82040,82049,82058,82064,82067,82071,82074,82076,82102],[10,79521,3143,79523,3147],{"id":79522},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79524,39298],{},[20,79526,3150,79527,79529],{},[15,79528,39298],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79531,79532],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,79534,79535,79538,79541],{},[36,79536,79537],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,79539,79540],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,79542,79543],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79545,79546],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,79548,79549,79556,79562],{},[36,79550,79551,13628,79553,79555],{},[15,79552,39298],{},[43,79554,45],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,79557,79558,79559],{},"it returns a ",[43,79560,79561],{},"map object",[36,79563,79564,79565],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79566,24356],{},[51,79568,1570],{"id":1569},[56,79570,79572],{"className":58,"code":79571,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79573,79574,79598,79617],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79575,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79577,3185],{"class":71},[65,79579,76],{"class":75},[65,79581,1339],{"class":79},[65,79583,84],{"class":83},[65,79585,87],{"class":79},[65,79587,90],{"class":83},[65,79589,87],{"class":79},[65,79591,95],{"class":83},[65,79593,87],{"class":79},[65,79595,116],{"class":83},[65,79597,1352],{"class":79},[65,79599,79600,79602,79604,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,79601,136],{"class":71},[65,79603,76],{"class":75},[65,79605,79606],{"class":163}," map",[65,79608,151],{"class":79},[65,79610,3010],{"class":1259},[65,79612,87],{"class":79},[65,79614,3833],{"class":147},[65,79616,157],{"class":79},[65,79618,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,79620,164],{"class":163},[65,79622,151],{"class":79},[65,79624,7669],{"class":1259},[65,79626,151],{"class":79},[65,79628,169],{"class":147},[65,79630,1028],{"class":79},[20,79632,350],{},[56,79634,79636],{"className":58,"code":79635,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79637,79638],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79641,3469],{"class":79},[65,79643,594],{"class":487},[65,79645,84],{"class":491},[65,79647,594],{"class":487},[65,79649,87],{"class":79},[65,79651,603],{"class":487},[65,79653,1624],{"class":491},[65,79655,594],{"class":487},[65,79657,87],{"class":79},[65,79659,603],{"class":487},[65,79661,111],{"class":491},[65,79663,594],{"class":487},[65,79665,87],{"class":79},[65,79667,603],{"class":487},[65,79669,2072],{"class":491},[65,79671,594],{"class":487},[65,79673,1352],{"class":79},[20,79675,1660,79676,79679,79680,79682],{},[15,79677,79678],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79681,24356],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[51,79684,183,79686,186],{"id":79685},"what-map-does",[15,79687,39298],{},[20,79689,79690,79692],{},[15,79691,39298],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79694,79695,79696,79698],{},"An ",[43,79697,3286],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,79700,79701,79703,79705,79707],{},[36,79702,37482],{},[36,79704,37485],{},[36,79706,37488],{},[36,79708,79709],{},"a range object",[20,79711,30300],{},[56,79713,79715],{"className":58,"code":79714,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79716,79717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79720,39441],{"class":163},[65,79722,151],{"class":79},[65,79724,37441],{"class":147},[65,79726,87],{"class":79},[65,79728,37446],{"class":147},[65,79730,157],{"class":79},[20,79732,79733],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79735,79736,79737,33318],{},"Important: the result is a ",[43,79738,79561],{},[20,79740,79741,79742,144],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[210,79743,4705],{"href":4704},[51,79745,222],{"id":221},[20,79747,79748,79750],{},[15,79749,39298],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,79752,79753,79759],{},[36,79754,79755,79758],{},[43,79756,79757],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,79760,79761,79764],{},[43,79762,79763],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79766,3271],{},[56,79768,79769],{"className":58,"code":79714,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,79770,79771],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79772,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79774,39441],{"class":163},[65,79776,151],{"class":79},[65,79778,37441],{"class":147},[65,79780,87],{"class":79},[65,79782,37446],{"class":147},[65,79784,157],{"class":79},[20,79786,79787],{},"You can pass:",[33,79789,79790,79799,79802],{},[36,79791,79792,79793,1491,79795,1761,79797],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79794,3010],{},[15,79796,1757],{},[15,79798,1584],{},[36,79800,79801],{},"your own custom function",[36,79803,79804],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79806,79807],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79809,79810,79811,79813],{},"You will often see ",[15,79812,39298],{}," used like this:",[56,79815,79817],{"className":58,"code":79816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79818,79819],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79820,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79822,7669],{"class":1259},[65,79824,151],{"class":79},[65,79826,39441],{"class":163},[65,79828,151],{"class":79},[65,79830,37441],{"class":147},[65,79832,87],{"class":79},[65,79834,3454],{"class":147},[65,79836,1028],{"class":79},[20,79838,6248,79839,79841],{},[15,79840,24356],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[51,79843,467],{"id":466},[20,79845,79846],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[56,79848,79850],{"className":58,"code":79849,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79851,79852,79872,79890,79894],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79853,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79855,3185],{"class":71},[65,79857,76],{"class":75},[65,79859,1339],{"class":79},[65,79861,1898],{"class":83},[65,79863,87],{"class":79},[65,79865,7364],{"class":83},[65,79867,87],{"class":79},[65,79869,7369],{"class":83},[65,79871,1352],{"class":79},[65,79873,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,79875,136],{"class":71},[65,79877,76],{"class":75},[65,79879,79606],{"class":163},[65,79881,151],{"class":79},[65,79883,3010],{"class":1259},[65,79885,87],{"class":79},[65,79887,3833],{"class":147},[65,79889,157],{"class":79},[65,79891,79892],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,79893,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,79895,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79897,164],{"class":163},[65,79899,151],{"class":79},[65,79901,7669],{"class":1259},[65,79903,151],{"class":79},[65,79905,169],{"class":147},[65,79907,1028],{"class":79},[20,79909,350],{},[56,79911,79913],{"className":58,"code":79912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79914,79915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79916,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79918,3469],{"class":79},[65,79920,594],{"class":487},[65,79922,1898],{"class":491},[65,79924,594],{"class":487},[65,79926,87],{"class":79},[65,79928,603],{"class":487},[65,79930,15329],{"class":491},[65,79932,594],{"class":487},[65,79934,87],{"class":79},[65,79936,603],{"class":487},[65,79938,36421],{"class":491},[65,79940,594],{"class":487},[65,79942,1352],{"class":79},[20,79944,11258],{},[33,79946,79947,79952,79960,79968,79976],{},[36,79948,79949,79951],{},[15,79950,3215],{}," contains integers",[36,79953,79954,79957,79958],{},[15,79955,79956],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79959,47268],{},[36,79961,79962,41738,79965],{},[15,79963,79964],{},"str(10)",[15,79966,79967],{},"'10'",[36,79969,79970,41738,79973],{},[15,79971,79972],{},"str(20)",[15,79974,79975],{},"'20'",[36,79977,79978,41738,79981],{},[15,79979,79980],{},"str(30)",[15,79982,79983],{},"'30'",[20,79985,53239,79986,79988,79989,79991],{},[15,79987,39298],{}," applies ",[15,79990,47268],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79993,79994,79995,79997,79998,144],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79996,24356],{}," better, see ",[210,79999,3143,80000,3076],{"href":64432},[15,80001,24356],{},[51,80003,7994,80005,80007],{"id":80004},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80006,39298],{}," with your own function",[20,80009,15289,80010,80012],{},[15,80011,39298],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[56,80014,80016],{"className":58,"code":80015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80017,80018,80031,80041,80045,80069,80088,80092],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80019,80020,80022,80025,80027,80029],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80021,34429],{"class":1632},[65,80023,80024],{"class":34432}," double",[65,80026,151],{"class":79},[65,80028,1742],{"class":37243},[65,80030,7918],{"class":79},[65,80032,80033,80035,80037,80039],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80034,34440],{"class":3444},[65,80036,3448],{"class":71},[65,80038,39454],{"class":75},[65,80040,45173],{"class":83},[65,80042,80043],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80044,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80046,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80048,3185],{"class":71},[65,80050,76],{"class":75},[65,80052,1339],{"class":79},[65,80054,84],{"class":83},[65,80056,87],{"class":79},[65,80058,90],{"class":83},[65,80060,87],{"class":79},[65,80062,95],{"class":83},[65,80064,87],{"class":79},[65,80066,116],{"class":83},[65,80068,1352],{"class":79},[65,80070,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80082,80084,80086],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,80072,136],{"class":71},[65,80074,76],{"class":75},[65,80076,79606],{"class":163},[65,80078,151],{"class":79},[65,80080,80081],{"class":147},"double",[65,80083,87],{"class":79},[65,80085,3833],{"class":147},[65,80087,157],{"class":79},[65,80089,80090],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,80091,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80093,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,80095,164],{"class":163},[65,80097,151],{"class":79},[65,80099,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80101,151],{"class":79},[65,80103,169],{"class":147},[65,80105,1028],{"class":79},[20,80107,350],{},[56,80109,80110],{"className":58,"code":39467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,80111,80112],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80113,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80115,3469],{"class":79},[65,80117,1624],{"class":83},[65,80119,87],{"class":79},[65,80121,116],{"class":83},[65,80123,87],{"class":79},[65,80125,37224],{"class":83},[65,80127,87],{"class":79},[65,80129,5929],{"class":83},[65,80131,1352],{"class":79},[20,80133,65168],{},[33,80135,80136,80143,80149],{},[36,80137,80138,80140,80141],{},[15,80139,39298],{}," takes the function ",[15,80142,80081],{},[36,80144,80145,80146,80148],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80147,3215],{}," into that function",[36,80150,80151],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80153,80154],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,80156,80157,80164,80171,80179],{},[36,80158,80159,5642,80162],{},[15,80160,80161],{},"double(1)",[15,80163,1624],{},[36,80165,80166,5642,80169],{},[15,80167,80168],{},"double(2)",[15,80170,2072],{},[36,80172,80173,5642,80176],{},[15,80174,80175],{},"double(3)",[15,80177,80178],{},"6",[36,80180,80181,5642,80184],{},[15,80182,80183],{},"double(4)",[15,80185,1913],{},[51,80187,7994,80189,80191],{"id":80188},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80190,39298],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80193,80194,80196],{},[15,80195,39298],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80198,80199],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80201,267],{},[56,80203,80205],{"className":58,"code":80204,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80206,80207,80224,80234,80238,80258,80278,80282,80307,80311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80208,80209,80211,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80210,34429],{"class":1632},[65,80212,80213],{"class":34432}," add_numbers",[65,80215,151],{"class":79},[65,80217,210],{"class":37243},[65,80219,87],{"class":79},[65,80221,2126],{"class":37243},[65,80223,7918],{"class":79},[65,80225,80226,80228,80230,80232],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80227,34440],{"class":3444},[65,80229,44129],{"class":71},[65,80231,1627],{"class":75},[65,80233,35762],{"class":71},[65,80235,80236],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80237,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80239,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80241,1334],{"class":71},[65,80243,76],{"class":75},[65,80245,1339],{"class":79},[65,80247,84],{"class":83},[65,80249,87],{"class":79},[65,80251,90],{"class":83},[65,80253,87],{"class":79},[65,80255,95],{"class":83},[65,80257,1352],{"class":79},[65,80259,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,80261,1357],{"class":71},[65,80263,76],{"class":75},[65,80265,1339],{"class":79},[65,80267,1898],{"class":83},[65,80269,87],{"class":79},[65,80271,7364],{"class":83},[65,80273,87],{"class":79},[65,80275,7369],{"class":83},[65,80277,1352],{"class":79},[65,80279,80280],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,80281,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80283,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80295,80297,80300,80302,80305],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,80285,136],{"class":71},[65,80287,76],{"class":75},[65,80289,79606],{"class":163},[65,80291,151],{"class":79},[65,80293,80294],{"class":147},"add_numbers",[65,80296,87],{"class":79},[65,80298,80299],{"class":147}," list1",[65,80301,87],{"class":79},[65,80303,80304],{"class":147}," list2",[65,80306,157],{"class":79},[65,80308,80309],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,80310,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80312,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321,80323],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,80314,164],{"class":163},[65,80316,151],{"class":79},[65,80318,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80320,151],{"class":79},[65,80322,169],{"class":147},[65,80324,1028],{"class":79},[20,80326,350],{},[56,80328,80330],{"className":58,"code":80329,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80331,80332],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80333,80334,80336,80339,80341,80344,80346,80349],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80335,3469],{"class":79},[65,80337,80338],{"class":83},"11",[65,80340,87],{"class":79},[65,80342,80343],{"class":83}," 22",[65,80345,87],{"class":79},[65,80347,80348],{"class":83}," 33",[65,80350,1352],{"class":79},[20,80352,1747],{},[33,80354,80355,80361,80367],{},[36,80356,80357,80358],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80359,80360],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,80362,80363,80364],{},"then ",[15,80365,80366],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,80368,80363,80369],{},[15,80370,80371],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1286,80373,80375,80377],{"id":80374},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80376,39298],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80379,80380,80381,80383],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80382,39298],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[56,80385,80387],{"className":58,"code":80386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80388,80389,80405,80415,80419,80443,80459,80463,80485,80489],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80390,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80392,34429],{"class":1632},[65,80394,80213],{"class":34432},[65,80396,151],{"class":79},[65,80398,210],{"class":37243},[65,80400,87],{"class":79},[65,80402,2126],{"class":37243},[65,80404,7918],{"class":79},[65,80406,80407,80409,80411,80413],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80408,34440],{"class":3444},[65,80410,44129],{"class":71},[65,80412,1627],{"class":75},[65,80414,35762],{"class":71},[65,80416,80417],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80418,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80420,80421,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80422,1334],{"class":71},[65,80424,76],{"class":75},[65,80426,1339],{"class":79},[65,80428,84],{"class":83},[65,80430,87],{"class":79},[65,80432,90],{"class":83},[65,80434,87],{"class":79},[65,80436,95],{"class":83},[65,80438,87],{"class":79},[65,80440,116],{"class":83},[65,80442,1352],{"class":79},[65,80444,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,80446,1357],{"class":71},[65,80448,76],{"class":75},[65,80450,1339],{"class":79},[65,80452,1898],{"class":83},[65,80454,87],{"class":79},[65,80456,7364],{"class":83},[65,80458,1352],{"class":79},[65,80460,80461],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,80462,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80464,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,80466,136],{"class":71},[65,80468,76],{"class":75},[65,80470,79606],{"class":163},[65,80472,151],{"class":79},[65,80474,80294],{"class":147},[65,80476,87],{"class":79},[65,80478,80299],{"class":147},[65,80480,87],{"class":79},[65,80482,80304],{"class":147},[65,80484,157],{"class":79},[65,80486,80487],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,80488,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,80492,164],{"class":163},[65,80494,151],{"class":79},[65,80496,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80498,151],{"class":79},[65,80500,169],{"class":147},[65,80502,1028],{"class":79},[20,80504,350],{},[56,80506,80508],{"className":58,"code":80507,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80509,80510],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80511,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80513,3469],{"class":79},[65,80515,80338],{"class":83},[65,80517,87],{"class":79},[65,80519,80343],{"class":83},[65,80521,1352],{"class":79},[20,80523,80524,80525,80527],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80526,1406],{}," has only two items.",[51,80529,80531,80533],{"id":80530},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80532,39298],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80535,37604,80536,80538],{},[15,80537,39298],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80540,80541,80542,80545],{},"This object is ",[43,80543,80544],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1286,80547,2056,80549,80551],{"id":80548},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80550,32603],{}," looks strange",[20,80553,33219],{},[56,80555,80557],{"className":58,"code":80556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80558,80559,80579,80597,80601],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80560,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80562,3185],{"class":71},[65,80564,76],{"class":75},[65,80566,1339],{"class":79},[65,80568,84],{"class":83},[65,80570,87],{"class":79},[65,80572,90],{"class":83},[65,80574,87],{"class":79},[65,80576,95],{"class":83},[65,80578,1352],{"class":79},[65,80580,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80582,136],{"class":71},[65,80584,76],{"class":75},[65,80586,79606],{"class":163},[65,80588,151],{"class":79},[65,80590,3010],{"class":1259},[65,80592,87],{"class":79},[65,80594,3833],{"class":147},[65,80596,157],{"class":79},[65,80598,80599],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80600,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80604,164],{"class":163},[65,80606,151],{"class":79},[65,80608,169],{"class":147},[65,80610,157],{"class":79},[20,80612,80613],{},"Output will look something like this:",[56,80615,80617],{"className":58,"code":80616,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80618,80619],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80620,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80622,2857],{"class":75},[65,80624,39441],{"class":163},[65,80626,24192],{"class":1259},[65,80628,36944],{"class":71},[65,80630,36948],{"class":36947},[65,80632,36951],{"class":34030},[65,80634,2869],{"class":75},[20,80636,80637],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80639,80640],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[56,80642,80644],{"className":58,"code":80643,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80645,80646,80666,80684,80688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80647,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80649,3185],{"class":71},[65,80651,76],{"class":75},[65,80653,1339],{"class":79},[65,80655,84],{"class":83},[65,80657,87],{"class":79},[65,80659,90],{"class":83},[65,80661,87],{"class":79},[65,80663,95],{"class":83},[65,80665,1352],{"class":79},[65,80667,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80669,136],{"class":71},[65,80671,76],{"class":75},[65,80673,79606],{"class":163},[65,80675,151],{"class":79},[65,80677,3010],{"class":1259},[65,80679,87],{"class":79},[65,80681,3833],{"class":147},[65,80683,157],{"class":79},[65,80685,80686],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80687,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80689,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80691,164],{"class":163},[65,80693,151],{"class":79},[65,80695,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80697,151],{"class":79},[65,80699,169],{"class":147},[65,80701,1028],{"class":79},[20,80703,350],{},[56,80705,80707],{"className":58,"code":80706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80708,80709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80710,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80712,3469],{"class":79},[65,80714,594],{"class":487},[65,80716,84],{"class":491},[65,80718,594],{"class":487},[65,80720,87],{"class":79},[65,80722,603],{"class":487},[65,80724,1624],{"class":491},[65,80726,594],{"class":487},[65,80728,87],{"class":79},[65,80730,603],{"class":487},[65,80732,111],{"class":491},[65,80734,594],{"class":487},[65,80736,1352],{"class":79},[1286,80738,80740],{"id":80739},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[56,80742,80744],{"className":58,"code":80743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80745,80746,80766,80784,80788,80801],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80747,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80749,3185],{"class":71},[65,80751,76],{"class":75},[65,80753,1339],{"class":79},[65,80755,84],{"class":83},[65,80757,87],{"class":79},[65,80759,90],{"class":83},[65,80761,87],{"class":79},[65,80763,95],{"class":83},[65,80765,1352],{"class":79},[65,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80769,136],{"class":71},[65,80771,76],{"class":75},[65,80773,79606],{"class":163},[65,80775,151],{"class":79},[65,80777,3010],{"class":1259},[65,80779,87],{"class":79},[65,80781,3833],{"class":147},[65,80783,157],{"class":79},[65,80785,80786],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80787,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796,80799],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80791,5527],{"class":3444},[65,80793,5530],{"class":71},[65,80795,3451],{"class":3444},[65,80797,80798],{"class":71}," result",[65,80800,5963],{"class":79},[65,80802,80803,80805,80807,80809],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,80804,7644],{"class":163},[65,80806,151],{"class":79},[65,80808,22885],{"class":147},[65,80810,157],{"class":79},[20,80812,350],{},[56,80814,80816],{"className":58,"code":80815,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80817,80818,80822,80826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80819,80820],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80821,46501],{"class":83},[65,80823,80824],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80825,16632],{"class":83},[65,80827,80828],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80829,46201],{"class":83},[1286,80831,80833],{"id":80832},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80835,80836],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[56,80838,80840],{"className":58,"code":80839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80841,80842,80862,80880,80884,80898],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80843,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80845,3185],{"class":71},[65,80847,76],{"class":75},[65,80849,1339],{"class":79},[65,80851,84],{"class":83},[65,80853,87],{"class":79},[65,80855,90],{"class":83},[65,80857,87],{"class":79},[65,80859,95],{"class":83},[65,80861,1352],{"class":79},[65,80863,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80865,136],{"class":71},[65,80867,76],{"class":75},[65,80869,79606],{"class":163},[65,80871,151],{"class":79},[65,80873,3010],{"class":1259},[65,80875,87],{"class":79},[65,80877,3833],{"class":147},[65,80879,157],{"class":79},[65,80881,80882],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,80883,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,80885,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80887,164],{"class":163},[65,80889,151],{"class":79},[65,80891,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80893,151],{"class":79},[65,80895,169],{"class":147},[65,80897,1028],{"class":79},[65,80899,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,80901,164],{"class":163},[65,80903,151],{"class":79},[65,80905,7669],{"class":1259},[65,80907,151],{"class":79},[65,80909,169],{"class":147},[65,80911,1028],{"class":79},[20,80913,350],{},[56,80915,80917],{"className":58,"code":80916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80918,80919,80947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80920,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80922,3469],{"class":79},[65,80924,594],{"class":487},[65,80926,84],{"class":491},[65,80928,594],{"class":487},[65,80930,87],{"class":79},[65,80932,603],{"class":487},[65,80934,1624],{"class":491},[65,80936,594],{"class":487},[65,80938,87],{"class":79},[65,80940,603],{"class":487},[65,80942,111],{"class":491},[65,80944,594],{"class":487},[65,80946,1352],{"class":79},[65,80948,80949],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80950,37878],{"class":79},[20,80952,80953],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80955,80956],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[56,80958,80960],{"className":58,"code":80959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80961,80962,80982,81004,81008,81018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80963,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80965,3185],{"class":71},[65,80967,76],{"class":75},[65,80969,1339],{"class":79},[65,80971,84],{"class":83},[65,80973,87],{"class":79},[65,80975,90],{"class":83},[65,80977,87],{"class":79},[65,80979,95],{"class":83},[65,80981,1352],{"class":79},[65,80983,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,80985,136],{"class":71},[65,80987,76],{"class":75},[65,80989,22134],{"class":1259},[65,80991,151],{"class":79},[65,80993,39441],{"class":163},[65,80995,151],{"class":79},[65,80997,3010],{"class":1259},[65,80999,87],{"class":79},[65,81001,3833],{"class":147},[65,81003,1028],{"class":79},[65,81005,81006],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81007,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81009,81010,81012,81014,81016],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81011,164],{"class":163},[65,81013,151],{"class":79},[65,81015,169],{"class":147},[65,81017,157],{"class":79},[65,81019,81020,81022,81024,81026],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,81021,164],{"class":163},[65,81023,151],{"class":79},[65,81025,169],{"class":147},[65,81027,157],{"class":79},[20,81029,350],{},[56,81031,81033],{"className":58,"code":81032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81034,81035,81063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81036,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81038,3469],{"class":79},[65,81040,594],{"class":487},[65,81042,84],{"class":491},[65,81044,594],{"class":487},[65,81046,87],{"class":79},[65,81048,603],{"class":487},[65,81050,1624],{"class":491},[65,81052,594],{"class":487},[65,81054,87],{"class":79},[65,81056,603],{"class":487},[65,81058,111],{"class":491},[65,81060,594],{"class":487},[65,81062,1352],{"class":79},[65,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81066,3469],{"class":79},[65,81068,594],{"class":487},[65,81070,84],{"class":491},[65,81072,594],{"class":487},[65,81074,87],{"class":79},[65,81076,603],{"class":487},[65,81078,1624],{"class":491},[65,81080,594],{"class":487},[65,81082,87],{"class":79},[65,81084,603],{"class":487},[65,81086,111],{"class":491},[65,81088,594],{"class":487},[65,81090,1352],{"class":79},[51,81092,4529,81094],{"id":81093},"when-to-use-map",[15,81095,39298],{},[20,81097,81098,81100],{},[15,81099,39298],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81102,81103],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,81105,81106,81110,81114],{},[36,81107,81108],{},[15,81109,3010],{},[36,81111,81112],{},[15,81113,1757],{},[36,81115,81116],{},[15,81117,1584],{},[20,81119,267],{},[56,81121,81123],{"className":58,"code":81122,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81124,81125,81157,81179,81183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81126,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81128,3389],{"class":71},[65,81130,76],{"class":75},[65,81132,1339],{"class":79},[65,81134,594],{"class":487},[65,81136,84],{"class":491},[65,81138,594],{"class":487},[65,81140,87],{"class":79},[65,81142,603],{"class":487},[65,81144,1624],{"class":491},[65,81146,594],{"class":487},[65,81148,87],{"class":79},[65,81150,603],{"class":487},[65,81152,111],{"class":491},[65,81154,594],{"class":487},[65,81156,1352],{"class":79},[65,81158,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81160,3185],{"class":71},[65,81162,76],{"class":75},[65,81164,22134],{"class":1259},[65,81166,151],{"class":79},[65,81168,39441],{"class":163},[65,81170,151],{"class":79},[65,81172,1757],{"class":1259},[65,81174,87],{"class":79},[65,81176,3454],{"class":147},[65,81178,1028],{"class":79},[65,81180,81181],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81182,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81184,81185,81187,81189,81191],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81186,164],{"class":163},[65,81188,151],{"class":79},[65,81190,3215],{"class":147},[65,81192,157],{"class":79},[20,81194,350],{},[56,81196,81197],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81198,81199],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81200,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81202,3469],{"class":79},[65,81204,84],{"class":83},[65,81206,87],{"class":79},[65,81208,90],{"class":83},[65,81210,87],{"class":79},[65,81212,95],{"class":83},[65,81214,1352],{"class":79},[20,81216,81217],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81219,81220],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[56,81222,81224],{"className":58,"code":81223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81225,81226,81246,81268],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81227,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81229,3185],{"class":71},[65,81231,76],{"class":75},[65,81233,1339],{"class":79},[65,81235,84],{"class":83},[65,81237,87],{"class":79},[65,81239,90],{"class":83},[65,81241,87],{"class":79},[65,81243,95],{"class":83},[65,81245,1352],{"class":79},[65,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81249,136],{"class":71},[65,81251,76],{"class":75},[65,81253,22134],{"class":1259},[65,81255,151],{"class":79},[65,81257,39441],{"class":163},[65,81259,151],{"class":79},[65,81261,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81263,87],{"class":79},[65,81265,3833],{"class":147},[65,81267,1028],{"class":79},[65,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81271,164],{"class":163},[65,81273,151],{"class":79},[65,81275,169],{"class":147},[65,81277,157],{"class":79},[56,81279,81281],{"className":58,"code":81280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81282,81283,81303,81330],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81284,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81286,3185],{"class":71},[65,81288,76],{"class":75},[65,81290,1339],{"class":79},[65,81292,84],{"class":83},[65,81294,87],{"class":79},[65,81296,90],{"class":83},[65,81298,87],{"class":79},[65,81300,95],{"class":83},[65,81302,1352],{"class":79},[65,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81324,81326,81328],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81306,136],{"class":71},[65,81308,76],{"class":75},[65,81310,1339],{"class":79},[65,81312,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81314,151],{"class":79},[65,81316,75614],{"class":147},[65,81318,172],{"class":79},[65,81320,3445],{"class":3444},[65,81322,81323],{"class":71}," n ",[65,81325,3451],{"class":3444},[65,81327,3833],{"class":71},[65,81329,1352],{"class":79},[65,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81333,164],{"class":163},[65,81335,151],{"class":79},[65,81337,169],{"class":147},[65,81339,157],{"class":79},[20,81341,81342],{},"Both produce:",[56,81344,81345],{"className":58,"code":80706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81346,81347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81348,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81350,3469],{"class":79},[65,81352,594],{"class":487},[65,81354,84],{"class":491},[65,81356,594],{"class":487},[65,81358,87],{"class":79},[65,81360,603],{"class":487},[65,81362,1624],{"class":491},[65,81364,594],{"class":487},[65,81366,87],{"class":79},[65,81368,603],{"class":487},[65,81370,111],{"class":491},[65,81372,594],{"class":487},[65,81374,1352],{"class":79},[20,81376,81377],{},"A simple rule:",[33,81379,81380,81385,81390],{},[36,81381,39572,81382,81384],{},[15,81383,39298],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,81386,39578,81387,81389],{},[15,81388,5527],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,81391,81392],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81394,81395,81396,144],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[210,81397,3963],{"href":3962},[51,81399,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,81401,81403,81404],{"id":81402},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81405,24356],{},[20,81407,81408],{},"This is very common:",[56,81410,81411],{"className":58,"code":80556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81412,81413,81433,81451,81455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81414,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81416,3185],{"class":71},[65,81418,76],{"class":75},[65,81420,1339],{"class":79},[65,81422,84],{"class":83},[65,81424,87],{"class":79},[65,81426,90],{"class":83},[65,81428,87],{"class":79},[65,81430,95],{"class":83},[65,81432,1352],{"class":79},[65,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81436,136],{"class":71},[65,81438,76],{"class":75},[65,81440,79606],{"class":163},[65,81442,151],{"class":79},[65,81444,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81446,87],{"class":79},[65,81448,3833],{"class":147},[65,81450,157],{"class":79},[65,81452,81453],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81454,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81456,81457,81459,81461,81463],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81458,164],{"class":163},[65,81460,151],{"class":79},[65,81462,169],{"class":147},[65,81464,157],{"class":79},[20,81466,81467],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81469,38843],{},[56,81471,81473],{"className":58,"code":81472,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81474,81475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81476,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81478,164],{"class":163},[65,81480,151],{"class":79},[65,81482,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81484,151],{"class":79},[65,81486,169],{"class":147},[65,81488,1028],{"class":79},[1286,81490,81492],{"id":81491},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81494,16219],{},[56,81496,81498],{"className":58,"code":81497,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81499,81500,81520],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81503,3185],{"class":71},[65,81505,76],{"class":75},[65,81507,1339],{"class":79},[65,81509,84],{"class":83},[65,81511,87],{"class":79},[65,81513,90],{"class":83},[65,81515,87],{"class":79},[65,81517,95],{"class":83},[65,81519,1352],{"class":79},[65,81521,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81535,81537],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81523,136],{"class":71},[65,81525,76],{"class":75},[65,81527,79606],{"class":163},[65,81529,151],{"class":79},[65,81531,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81533,81534],{"class":79},"(),",[65,81536,3833],{"class":147},[65,81538,157],{"class":79},[20,81540,81541,81542,81544,81545,81547],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81543,47268],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81546,39298],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81549,16231],{},[56,81551,81552],{"className":58,"code":80643,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81553,81554,81574,81592,81596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81555,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81557,3185],{"class":71},[65,81559,76],{"class":75},[65,81561,1339],{"class":79},[65,81563,84],{"class":83},[65,81565,87],{"class":79},[65,81567,90],{"class":83},[65,81569,87],{"class":79},[65,81571,95],{"class":83},[65,81573,1352],{"class":79},[65,81575,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81577,136],{"class":71},[65,81579,76],{"class":75},[65,81581,79606],{"class":163},[65,81583,151],{"class":79},[65,81585,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81587,87],{"class":79},[65,81589,3833],{"class":147},[65,81591,157],{"class":79},[65,81593,81594],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81595,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81597,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81599,164],{"class":163},[65,81601,151],{"class":79},[65,81603,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81605,151],{"class":79},[65,81607,169],{"class":147},[65,81609,1028],{"class":79},[1286,81611,81613],{"id":81612},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81615,81616],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81618,16219],{},[56,81620,81622],{"className":58,"code":81621,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81623,81624,81641,81651,81655,81675,81694,81698],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81625,81626,81628,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81627,34429],{"class":1632},[65,81629,81630],{"class":34432}," add",[65,81632,151],{"class":79},[65,81634,210],{"class":37243},[65,81636,87],{"class":79},[65,81638,2126],{"class":37243},[65,81640,7918],{"class":79},[65,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81644,34440],{"class":3444},[65,81646,44129],{"class":71},[65,81648,1627],{"class":75},[65,81650,35762],{"class":71},[65,81652,81653],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81654,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81656,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81658,3185],{"class":71},[65,81660,76],{"class":75},[65,81662,1339],{"class":79},[65,81664,84],{"class":83},[65,81666,87],{"class":79},[65,81668,90],{"class":83},[65,81670,87],{"class":79},[65,81672,95],{"class":83},[65,81674,1352],{"class":79},[65,81676,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81688,81690,81692],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,81678,136],{"class":71},[65,81680,76],{"class":75},[65,81682,79606],{"class":163},[65,81684,151],{"class":79},[65,81686,81687],{"class":147},"add",[65,81689,87],{"class":79},[65,81691,3833],{"class":147},[65,81693,157],{"class":79},[65,81695,81696],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,81697,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81699,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,81701,164],{"class":163},[65,81703,151],{"class":79},[65,81705,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81707,151],{"class":79},[65,81709,169],{"class":147},[65,81711,1028],{"class":79},[20,81713,16231],{},[56,81715,81717],{"className":58,"code":81716,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81718,81719,81735,81745,81749,81769,81789,81811,81815],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81720,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81722,34429],{"class":1632},[65,81724,81630],{"class":34432},[65,81726,151],{"class":79},[65,81728,210],{"class":37243},[65,81730,87],{"class":79},[65,81732,2126],{"class":37243},[65,81734,7918],{"class":79},[65,81736,81737,81739,81741,81743],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81738,34440],{"class":3444},[65,81740,44129],{"class":71},[65,81742,1627],{"class":75},[65,81744,35762],{"class":71},[65,81746,81747],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81748,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81750,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81752,1334],{"class":71},[65,81754,76],{"class":75},[65,81756,1339],{"class":79},[65,81758,84],{"class":83},[65,81760,87],{"class":79},[65,81762,90],{"class":83},[65,81764,87],{"class":79},[65,81766,95],{"class":83},[65,81768,1352],{"class":79},[65,81770,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,81772,1357],{"class":71},[65,81774,76],{"class":75},[65,81776,1339],{"class":79},[65,81778,1898],{"class":83},[65,81780,87],{"class":79},[65,81782,7364],{"class":83},[65,81784,87],{"class":79},[65,81786,7369],{"class":83},[65,81788,1352],{"class":79},[65,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,81792,136],{"class":71},[65,81794,76],{"class":75},[65,81796,79606],{"class":163},[65,81798,151],{"class":79},[65,81800,81687],{"class":147},[65,81802,87],{"class":79},[65,81804,80299],{"class":147},[65,81806,87],{"class":79},[65,81808,80304],{"class":147},[65,81810,157],{"class":79},[65,81812,81813],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,81814,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81816,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,81818,164],{"class":163},[65,81820,151],{"class":79},[65,81822,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81824,151],{"class":79},[65,81826,169],{"class":147},[65,81828,1028],{"class":79},[1286,81830,81832],{"id":81831},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81834,16219],{},[56,81836,81837],{"className":58,"code":80839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81838,81839,81859,81877,81881,81895],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81840,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81842,3185],{"class":71},[65,81844,76],{"class":75},[65,81846,1339],{"class":79},[65,81848,84],{"class":83},[65,81850,87],{"class":79},[65,81852,90],{"class":83},[65,81854,87],{"class":79},[65,81856,95],{"class":83},[65,81858,1352],{"class":79},[65,81860,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81862,136],{"class":71},[65,81864,76],{"class":75},[65,81866,79606],{"class":163},[65,81868,151],{"class":79},[65,81870,3010],{"class":1259},[65,81872,87],{"class":79},[65,81874,3833],{"class":147},[65,81876,157],{"class":79},[65,81878,81879],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81880,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81884,164],{"class":163},[65,81886,151],{"class":79},[65,81888,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81890,151],{"class":79},[65,81892,169],{"class":147},[65,81894,1028],{"class":79},[65,81896,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,81898,164],{"class":163},[65,81900,151],{"class":79},[65,81902,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81904,151],{"class":79},[65,81906,169],{"class":147},[65,81908,1028],{"class":79},[20,81910,81911],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81913,81914],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[51,81916,67479],{"id":67478},[20,81918,8453,81919,81921],{},[15,81920,39298],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,81923,81925],{"className":58,"code":81924,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81926,81927,81937,81951,81965,81977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81928,81929,81931,81933,81935],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81930,164],{"class":163},[65,81932,151],{"class":79},[65,81934,169],{"class":147},[65,81936,157],{"class":79},[65,81938,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,81940,164],{"class":163},[65,81942,151],{"class":79},[65,81944,7669],{"class":1259},[65,81946,151],{"class":79},[65,81948,169],{"class":147},[65,81950,1028],{"class":79},[65,81952,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,81954,164],{"class":163},[65,81956,151],{"class":79},[65,81958,1260],{"class":1259},[65,81960,151],{"class":79},[65,81962,169],{"class":147},[65,81964,1028],{"class":79},[65,81966,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81968,5527],{"class":3444},[65,81970,5530],{"class":71},[65,81972,3451],{"class":3444},[65,81974,80798],{"class":71},[65,81976,5963],{"class":79},[65,81978,81979,81981,81983,81985],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,81980,7644],{"class":163},[65,81982,151],{"class":79},[65,81984,22885],{"class":147},[65,81986,157],{"class":79},[20,81988,12248],{},[33,81990,81991,81996,82001,82007],{},[36,81992,81993,81995],{},[15,81994,32603],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,81997,81998,82000],{},[15,81999,32611],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,82002,82003,82006],{},[15,82004,82005],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,82008,82009,82010,82012],{},"looping over ",[15,82011,169],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82014,82015,82016,82019,82020,82022],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82017,82018],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82021,5527],{}," loop consume the map object.",[51,82024,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,82026,1289,82028,82030],{"id":82027},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82029,39298],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82032,82033,82034,82036,82037,23513],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82035,39298],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82038,82039],{},"list(map(...))",[1286,82041,14478,82043,82045,82046,82048],{"id":82042},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82044,39298],{}," better than a ",[15,82047,5527],{}," loop?",[20,82050,82051,82052,82054,82055,82057],{},"Not always. ",[15,82053,39298],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82056,5527],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1286,82059,4739,82061,82063],{"id":82060},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82062,39298],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82065,82066],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1286,82068,82070],{"id":82069},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82072,82073],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[51,82075,1455],{"id":1454},[33,82077,82078,82084,82090,82094,82098],{},[36,82079,82080],{},[210,82081,3143,82082,3076],{"href":39667},[15,82083,37156],{},[36,82085,82086],{},[210,82087,3143,82088,3076],{"href":64432},[15,82089,24356],{},[36,82091,82092],{},[210,82093,4790],{"href":4700},[36,82095,82096],{},[210,82097,4795],{"href":3962},[36,82099,82100],{},[210,82101,4785],{"href":4704},[1499,82103,82104],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":82106},[82107,82108,82110,82111,82112,82114,82119,82126,82128,82135,82136,82145],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":79685,"depth":101,"text":82109},"What map() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":80004,"depth":101,"text":82113},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80188,"depth":101,"text":82115,"children":82116},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82117],{"id":80374,"depth":126,"text":82118},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80530,"depth":101,"text":82120,"children":82121},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82122,82124,82125],{"id":80548,"depth":126,"text":82123},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80739,"depth":126,"text":80740},{"id":80832,"depth":126,"text":80833},{"id":81093,"depth":101,"text":82127},"When to use map()",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":82129},[82130,82132,82133,82134],{"id":81402,"depth":126,"text":82131},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81491,"depth":126,"text":81492},{"id":81612,"depth":126,"text":81613},{"id":81831,"depth":126,"text":81832},{"id":67478,"depth":101,"text":67479},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":82137},[82138,82140,82142,82144],{"id":82027,"depth":126,"text":82139},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82042,"depth":126,"text":82141},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82060,"depth":126,"text":82143},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82069,"depth":126,"text":82070},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79517,"description":82146},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82153,"title":82154,"body":82155,"description":84175,"extension":1528,"meta":84176,"navigation":129,"path":84177,"seo":84178,"stem":84179,"__hash__":84180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82156,"toc":84133},[82157,82163,82168,82171,82179,82182,82184,82308,82310,82328,82330,82350,82355,82359,82373,82376,82379,82381,82386,82498,82501,82519,82525,82528,82590,82592,82601,82604,82618,82620,82668,82670,82679,82689,82695,82698,82725,82727,82735,82738,82741,82811,82813,82821,82824,82829,82834,82885,82887,82895,82898,82900,82917,82919,82971,82974,82980,82984,82989,82992,82996,83055,83057,83066,83072,83081,83085,83148,83150,83158,83163,83167,83172,83252,83254,83263,83270,83275,83280,83283,83318,83320,83328,83331,83337,83339,83389,83391,83400,83403,83421,83423,83428,83434,83441,83468,83470,83493,83498,83533,83538,83544,83549,83592,83595,83598,83637,83644,83650,83655,83670,83674,83681,83684,83688,83693,83697,83702,83704,83765,83767,83796,83801,83808,83817,83819,83822,83847,83849,83952,83955,83973,83982,83984,83989,83992,83998,84001,84003,84013,84019,84023,84081,84088,84096,84098,84130],[10,82158,3143,82160,3147],{"id":82159},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82161,82162],{},"max()",[20,82164,8701,82165,82167],{},[15,82166,82162],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82169,82170],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,82172,82173,82176],{},[36,82174,82175],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,82177,82178],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82180,82181],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[51,82183,1570],{"id":1569},[56,82185,82187],{"className":58,"code":82186,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82188,82189,82213,82228,82232,82258,82262,82294],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82190,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82192,3185],{"class":71},[65,82194,76],{"class":75},[65,82196,1339],{"class":79},[65,82198,111],{"class":83},[65,82200,87],{"class":79},[65,82202,5929],{"class":83},[65,82204,87],{"class":79},[65,82206,90],{"class":83},[65,82208,87],{"class":79},[65,82210,121],{"class":83},[65,82212,1352],{"class":79},[65,82214,82215,82217,82219,82222,82224,82226],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82216,164],{"class":163},[65,82218,151],{"class":79},[65,82220,82221],{"class":163},"max",[65,82223,151],{"class":79},[65,82225,3215],{"class":147},[65,82227,1028],{"class":79},[65,82229,82230],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,82231,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,82233,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82235,164],{"class":163},[65,82237,151],{"class":79},[65,82239,82221],{"class":163},[65,82241,151],{"class":79},[65,82243,111],{"class":83},[65,82245,87],{"class":79},[65,82247,5929],{"class":83},[65,82249,87],{"class":79},[65,82251,90],{"class":83},[65,82253,87],{"class":79},[65,82255,121],{"class":83},[65,82257,1028],{"class":79},[65,82259,82260],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,82261,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,82263,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,82265,3639],{"class":71},[65,82267,76],{"class":75},[65,82269,1339],{"class":79},[65,82271,488],{"class":487},[65,82273,3648],{"class":491},[65,82275,488],{"class":487},[65,82277,87],{"class":79},[65,82279,499],{"class":487},[65,82281,3657],{"class":491},[65,82283,488],{"class":487},[65,82285,87],{"class":79},[65,82287,499],{"class":487},[65,82289,78328],{"class":491},[65,82291,488],{"class":487},[65,82293,1352],{"class":79},[65,82295,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,82297,164],{"class":163},[65,82299,151],{"class":79},[65,82301,82221],{"class":163},[65,82303,151],{"class":79},[65,82305,3683],{"class":147},[65,82307,1028],{"class":79},[20,82309,350],{},[56,82311,82313],{"className":58,"code":82312,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82314,82315,82319,82323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82316,82317],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82318,1949],{"class":83},[65,82320,82321],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82322,1949],{"class":83},[65,82324,82325],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,82326,82327],{"class":71},"pear\n",[20,82329,19532],{},[33,82331,82332,82338,82344],{},[36,82333,82334,82337],{},[15,82335,82336],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,82339,82340,82343],{},[15,82341,82342],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,82345,82346,82349],{},[15,82347,82348],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[51,82351,183,82353,186],{"id":82352},"what-max-does",[15,82354,82162],{},[20,82356,82357,191],{},[15,82358,82162],{},[33,82360,82361,82364,82367,82370],{},[36,82362,82363],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,82365,82366],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,82368,82369],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,82371,82372],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82374,82375],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82377,82378],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[51,82380,222],{"id":221},[20,82382,82383,82384,191],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82385,82162],{},[56,82387,82389],{"className":58,"code":82388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82390,82391,82401,82425,82447,82470],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82392,82393,82395,82397,82399],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82394,82221],{"class":163},[65,82396,151],{"class":79},[65,82398,3286],{"class":147},[65,82400,157],{"class":79},[65,82402,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82414,82416,82418,82420,82423],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82404,82221],{"class":163},[65,82406,151],{"class":79},[65,82408,3286],{"class":147},[65,82410,87],{"class":79},[65,82412,82413],{"class":75}," *",[65,82415,87],{"class":79},[65,82417,21154],{"class":8754},[65,82419,76],{"class":75},[65,82421,82422],{"class":147},"func",[65,82424,157],{"class":79},[65,82426,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,82428,82221],{"class":163},[65,82430,151],{"class":79},[65,82432,3286],{"class":147},[65,82434,87],{"class":79},[65,82436,82413],{"class":75},[65,82438,87],{"class":79},[65,82440,26099],{"class":8754},[65,82442,76],{"class":75},[65,82444,2040],{"class":147},[65,82446,157],{"class":79},[65,82448,82449,82451,82453,82456,82458,82461,82463,82465,82468],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82450,82221],{"class":163},[65,82452,151],{"class":79},[65,82454,82455],{"class":147},"arg1",[65,82457,87],{"class":79},[65,82459,82460],{"class":147}," arg2",[65,82462,87],{"class":79},[65,82464,82413],{"class":75},[65,82466,82467],{"class":147},"args",[65,82469,157],{"class":79},[65,82471,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,82473,82221],{"class":163},[65,82475,151],{"class":79},[65,82477,82455],{"class":147},[65,82479,87],{"class":79},[65,82481,82460],{"class":147},[65,82483,87],{"class":79},[65,82485,82413],{"class":75},[65,82487,82467],{"class":147},[65,82489,87],{"class":79},[65,82491,21154],{"class":8754},[65,82493,76],{"class":75},[65,82495,82422],{"class":147},[65,82497,157],{"class":79},[20,82499,82500],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,82502,82503,82508,82513],{},[36,82504,82505,82507],{},[15,82506,3286],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,82509,82510,82512],{},[15,82511,14416],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,82514,82515,82518],{},[15,82516,82517],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[51,82520,7994,82522,82524],{"id":82521},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82523,82162],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82526,82527],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[56,82529,82531],{"className":58,"code":82530,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82532,82533,82559,82575,82579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82534,82535,82537,82539,82541,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554,82557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82536,4632],{"class":71},[65,82538,76],{"class":75},[65,82540,1339],{"class":79},[65,82542,82543],{"class":83},"72",[65,82545,87],{"class":79},[65,82547,51095],{"class":83},[65,82549,87],{"class":79},[65,82551,13081],{"class":83},[65,82553,87],{"class":79},[65,82555,82556],{"class":83}," 66",[65,82558,1352],{"class":79},[65,82560,82561,82564,82566,82569,82571,82573],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82562,82563],{"class":71},"highest_score ",[65,82565,76],{"class":75},[65,82567,82568],{"class":163}," max",[65,82570,151],{"class":79},[65,82572,15964],{"class":147},[65,82574,157],{"class":79},[65,82576,82577],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,82578,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,82580,82581,82583,82585,82588],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82582,164],{"class":163},[65,82584,151],{"class":79},[65,82586,82587],{"class":147},"highest_score",[65,82589,157],{"class":79},[20,82591,350],{},[56,82593,82595],{"className":58,"code":82594,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"91\n",[15,82596,82597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82598,82599],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82600,82594],{"class":83},[20,82602,82603],{},"This works well for:",[33,82605,82606,82609,82612,82615],{},[36,82607,82608],{},"Scores",[36,82610,82611],{},"Prices",[36,82613,82614],{},"Ages",[36,82616,82617],{},"Counts",[20,82619,51665],{},[56,82621,82623],{"className":58,"code":82622,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82624,82625,82653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82626,82627,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82641,82643,82646,82648,82651],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82628,82629],{"class":71},"prices ",[65,82631,76],{"class":75},[65,82633,1339],{"class":79},[65,82635,39980],{"class":83},[65,82637,87],{"class":79},[65,82639,82640],{"class":83}," 5.50",[65,82642,87],{"class":79},[65,82644,82645],{"class":83}," 12.75",[65,82647,87],{"class":79},[65,82649,82650],{"class":83}," 29.00",[65,82652,1352],{"class":79},[65,82654,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663,82666],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82656,164],{"class":163},[65,82658,151],{"class":79},[65,82660,82221],{"class":163},[65,82662,151],{"class":79},[65,82664,82665],{"class":147},"prices",[65,82667,1028],{"class":79},[20,82669,350],{},[56,82671,82673],{"className":58,"code":82672,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"29.0\n",[15,82674,82675],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82676,82677],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82678,82672],{"class":83},[20,82680,82681,82682,82684,82685,144],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82683,82162],{}," is simpler than ",[210,82686,82687],{"href":74105},[15,82688,74008],{},[51,82690,7994,82692,82694],{"id":82691},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82693,82162],{}," with separate values",[20,82696,82697],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[56,82699,82701],{"className":58,"code":82700,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82702,82703],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82704,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82721,82723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82706,164],{"class":163},[65,82708,151],{"class":79},[65,82710,82221],{"class":163},[65,82712,151],{"class":79},[65,82714,2072],{"class":83},[65,82716,87],{"class":79},[65,82718,30518],{"class":83},[65,82720,87],{"class":79},[65,82722,5563],{"class":83},[65,82724,1028],{"class":79},[20,82726,350],{},[56,82728,82729],{"className":58,"code":1793,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,82730,82731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82732,82733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82734,1793],{"class":83},[20,82736,82737],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82739,82740],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[56,82742,82744],{"className":58,"code":82743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82745,82746,82755,82763,82773,82777,82800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82747,82748,82750,82752],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82749,72],{"class":71},[65,82751,76],{"class":75},[65,82753,82754],{"class":83}," 15\n",[65,82756,82757,82759,82761],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82758,104],{"class":71},[65,82760,76],{"class":75},[65,82762,2335],{"class":83},[65,82764,82765,82768,82770],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,82766,82767],{"class":71},"c ",[65,82769,76],{"class":75},[65,82771,82772],{"class":83}," 27\n",[65,82774,82775],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82776,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,82778,82779,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,82780,82781],{"class":71},"largest ",[65,82783,76],{"class":75},[65,82785,82568],{"class":163},[65,82787,151],{"class":79},[65,82789,210],{"class":147},[65,82791,87],{"class":79},[65,82793,2126],{"class":147},[65,82795,87],{"class":79},[65,82797,9259],{"class":147},[65,82799,157],{"class":79},[65,82801,82802,82804,82806,82809],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,82803,164],{"class":163},[65,82805,151],{"class":79},[65,82807,82808],{"class":147},"largest",[65,82810,157],{"class":79},[20,82812,350],{},[56,82814,82815],{"className":58,"code":46196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,82816,82817],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82818,82819],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82820,46196],{"class":83},[20,82822,82823],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[51,82825,7994,82827,46643],{"id":82826},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82828,82162],{},[20,82830,82831,82833],{},[15,82832,82162],{}," can compare strings too.",[56,82835,82837],{"className":58,"code":82836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82838,82839,82871],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82840,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82842,3639],{"class":71},[65,82844,76],{"class":75},[65,82846,1339],{"class":79},[65,82848,488],{"class":487},[65,82850,3648],{"class":491},[65,82852,488],{"class":487},[65,82854,87],{"class":79},[65,82856,499],{"class":487},[65,82858,3657],{"class":491},[65,82860,488],{"class":487},[65,82862,87],{"class":79},[65,82864,499],{"class":487},[65,82866,78328],{"class":491},[65,82868,488],{"class":487},[65,82870,1352],{"class":79},[65,82872,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82874,164],{"class":163},[65,82876,151],{"class":79},[65,82878,82221],{"class":163},[65,82880,151],{"class":79},[65,82882,3683],{"class":147},[65,82884,1028],{"class":79},[20,82886,350],{},[56,82888,82889],{"className":58,"code":82327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,82890,82891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82892,82893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82894,82327],{"class":71},[20,82896,82897],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82899,67867],{},[33,82901,82902,82911,82914],{},[36,82903,82904,82907,82908,82910],{},[15,82905,82906],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82909,64859],{}," alphabetically",[36,82912,82913],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,82915,82916],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82918,267],{},[56,82920,82922],{"className":58,"code":82921,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82923,82924,82957],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82925,82926,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82927,3639],{"class":71},[65,82929,76],{"class":75},[65,82931,1339],{"class":79},[65,82933,488],{"class":487},[65,82935,3648],{"class":491},[65,82937,488],{"class":487},[65,82939,87],{"class":79},[65,82941,499],{"class":487},[65,82943,82944],{"class":491},"Banana",[65,82946,488],{"class":487},[65,82948,87],{"class":79},[65,82950,499],{"class":487},[65,82952,78328],{"class":491},[65,82954,488],{"class":487},[65,82956,1352],{"class":79},[65,82958,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,82960,164],{"class":163},[65,82962,151],{"class":79},[65,82964,82221],{"class":163},[65,82966,151],{"class":79},[65,82968,3683],{"class":147},[65,82970,1028],{"class":79},[20,82972,82973],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82975,82976,82977,82979],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82978,14416],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[51,82981,946,82982,36195],{"id":78286},[15,82983,14416],{},[20,82985,1545,82986,82988],{},[15,82987,14416],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82990,82991],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1286,82993,82995],{"id":82994},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[56,82997,82999],{"className":58,"code":82998,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83000,83001,83033],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83002,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83004,3639],{"class":71},[65,83006,76],{"class":75},[65,83008,1339],{"class":79},[65,83010,488],{"class":487},[65,83012,36627],{"class":491},[65,83014,488],{"class":487},[65,83016,87],{"class":79},[65,83018,499],{"class":487},[65,83020,67910],{"class":491},[65,83022,488],{"class":487},[65,83024,87],{"class":79},[65,83026,499],{"class":487},[65,83028,57712],{"class":491},[65,83030,488],{"class":487},[65,83032,1352],{"class":79},[65,83034,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83036,164],{"class":163},[65,83038,151],{"class":79},[65,83040,82221],{"class":163},[65,83042,151],{"class":79},[65,83044,3683],{"class":147},[65,83046,87],{"class":79},[65,83048,21154],{"class":8754},[65,83050,76],{"class":75},[65,83052,10737],{"class":163},[65,83054,1028],{"class":79},[20,83056,350],{},[56,83058,83060],{"className":58,"code":83059,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"elephant\n",[15,83061,83062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83063,83064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83065,83059],{"class":71},[20,83067,20346,83068,83071],{},[15,83069,83070],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83073,83074,83075,33205,83077,144],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83076,41944],{},[210,83078,83079,5352],{"href":41941},[15,83080,41944],{},[1286,83082,83084],{"id":83083},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[56,83086,83088],{"className":58,"code":83087,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83089,83090,83122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83091,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83093,3639],{"class":71},[65,83095,76],{"class":75},[65,83097,1339],{"class":79},[65,83099,488],{"class":487},[65,83101,3648],{"class":491},[65,83103,488],{"class":487},[65,83105,87],{"class":79},[65,83107,499],{"class":487},[65,83109,82944],{"class":491},[65,83111,488],{"class":487},[65,83113,87],{"class":79},[65,83115,499],{"class":487},[65,83117,78328],{"class":491},[65,83119,488],{"class":487},[65,83121,1352],{"class":79},[65,83123,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83125,164],{"class":163},[65,83127,151],{"class":79},[65,83129,82221],{"class":163},[65,83131,151],{"class":79},[65,83133,3683],{"class":147},[65,83135,87],{"class":79},[65,83137,21154],{"class":8754},[65,83139,76],{"class":75},[65,83141,3010],{"class":1259},[65,83143,144],{"class":79},[65,83145,8217],{"class":24325},[65,83147,1028],{"class":79},[20,83149,350],{},[56,83151,83152],{"className":58,"code":82327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83153,83154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83155,83156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83157,82327],{"class":71},[20,83159,20346,83160,83162],{},[15,83161,78282],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1286,83164,83166],{"id":83165},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83168,83169,83170,191],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83171,37240],{},[56,83173,83175],{"className":58,"code":83174,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83176,83177,83220],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83178,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83198,83200,83202,83204,83207,83209,83211,83213,83216,83218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83180,7353],{"class":71},[65,83182,76],{"class":75},[65,83184,1339],{"class":79},[65,83186,488],{"class":487},[65,83188,210],{"class":491},[65,83190,488],{"class":487},[65,83192,87],{"class":79},[65,83194,499],{"class":487},[65,83196,83197],{"class":491},"bb",[65,83199,488],{"class":487},[65,83201,87],{"class":79},[65,83203,499],{"class":487},[65,83205,83206],{"class":491},"cccc",[65,83208,488],{"class":487},[65,83210,87],{"class":79},[65,83212,499],{"class":487},[65,83214,83215],{"class":491},"ddd",[65,83217,488],{"class":487},[65,83219,1352],{"class":79},[65,83221,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83223,164],{"class":163},[65,83225,151],{"class":79},[65,83227,82221],{"class":163},[65,83229,151],{"class":79},[65,83231,7384],{"class":147},[65,83233,87],{"class":79},[65,83235,21154],{"class":8754},[65,83237,76],{"class":75},[65,83239,37240],{"class":1632},[65,83241,42425],{"class":37243},[65,83243,191],{"class":79},[65,83245,37967],{"class":163},[65,83247,151],{"class":79},[65,83249,34286],{"class":147},[65,83251,2478],{"class":79},[20,83253,350],{},[56,83255,83257],{"className":58,"code":83256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cccc\n",[15,83258,83259],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83260,83261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83262,83256],{"class":71},[20,83264,49135,83265,634,83267,83269],{},[15,83266,83070],{},[15,83268,78169],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[51,83271,946,83273,36195],{"id":83272},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83274,82517],{},[20,83276,1545,83277,83279],{},[15,83278,82517],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83281,83282],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[56,83284,83286],{"className":58,"code":83285,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83287,83288,83296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83289,83290,83292,83294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83291,3185],{"class":71},[65,83293,76],{"class":75},[65,83295,7413],{"class":79},[65,83297,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83299,164],{"class":163},[65,83301,151],{"class":79},[65,83303,82221],{"class":163},[65,83305,151],{"class":79},[65,83307,3215],{"class":147},[65,83309,87],{"class":79},[65,83311,26099],{"class":8754},[65,83313,76],{"class":75},[65,83315,1688],{"class":83},[65,83317,1028],{"class":79},[20,83319,350],{},[56,83321,83322],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83323,83324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83325,83326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83327,46836],{"class":83},[20,83329,83330],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83332,83333,83334,83336],{},"Without ",[15,83335,82517],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83338,51665],{},[56,83340,83342],{"className":58,"code":83341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83343,83344,83352,83379],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83345,83346,83348,83350],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83347,3639],{"class":71},[65,83349,76],{"class":75},[65,83351,7413],{"class":79},[65,83353,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83375,83377],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83355,136],{"class":71},[65,83357,76],{"class":75},[65,83359,82568],{"class":163},[65,83361,151],{"class":79},[65,83363,3683],{"class":147},[65,83365,87],{"class":79},[65,83367,26099],{"class":8754},[65,83369,76],{"class":75},[65,83371,488],{"class":487},[65,83373,83374],{"class":491},"no words found",[65,83376,488],{"class":487},[65,83378,157],{"class":79},[65,83380,83381,83383,83385,83387],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,83382,164],{"class":163},[65,83384,151],{"class":79},[65,83386,169],{"class":147},[65,83388,157],{"class":79},[20,83390,350],{},[56,83392,83394],{"className":58,"code":83393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"no words found\n",[15,83395,83396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83397,83398],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83399,83393],{"class":71},[20,83401,83402],{},"Important:",[33,83404,83405,83413],{},[36,83406,83407,83409,83410],{},[15,83408,82517],{}," works with ",[15,83411,83412],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,83414,40488,83415,83417,83418],{},[43,83416,45],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83419,83420],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[51,83422,47571],{"id":47570},[20,83424,83425,83426,144],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83427,82162],{},[1286,83429,83431,83433],{"id":83430},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83432,40286],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83435,83436,83437,45492,83439,144],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83438,82517],{},[15,83440,40286],{},[56,83442,83444],{"className":58,"code":83443,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83445,83446,83454],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83447,83448,83450,83452],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83449,3185],{"class":71},[65,83451,76],{"class":75},[65,83453,7413],{"class":79},[65,83455,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83457,164],{"class":163},[65,83459,151],{"class":79},[65,83461,82221],{"class":163},[65,83463,151],{"class":79},[65,83465,3215],{"class":147},[65,83467,1028],{"class":79},[20,83469,29256],{},[56,83471,83473],{"className":58,"code":83472,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83474,83475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83476,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83488,83490],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83478,40286],{"class":1259},[65,83480,191],{"class":79},[65,83482,82568],{"class":163},[65,83484,6938],{"class":79},[65,83486,83487],{"class":71}," arg ",[65,83489,11769],{"class":75},[65,83491,83492],{"class":71}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83494,83495,83496,191],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83497,82517],{},[56,83499,83501],{"className":58,"code":83500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83502,83503,83511],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83504,83505,83507,83509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83506,3185],{"class":71},[65,83508,76],{"class":75},[65,83510,7413],{"class":79},[65,83512,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83514,164],{"class":163},[65,83516,151],{"class":79},[65,83518,82221],{"class":163},[65,83520,151],{"class":79},[65,83522,3215],{"class":147},[65,83524,87],{"class":79},[65,83526,26099],{"class":8754},[65,83528,76],{"class":75},[65,83530,3344],{"class":3419},[65,83532,1028],{"class":79},[20,83534,83535,83536,144],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,83537,65423],{"href":72462},[1286,83539,83541,83543],{"id":83540},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83542,2571],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83545,83546,83547,144],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83548,2571],{},[56,83550,83552],{"className":58,"code":83551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83553,83554,83578],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83555,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83557,7353],{"class":71},[65,83559,76],{"class":75},[65,83561,1339],{"class":79},[65,83563,1898],{"class":83},[65,83565,87],{"class":79},[65,83567,499],{"class":487},[65,83569,15329],{"class":491},[65,83571,488],{"class":487},[65,83573,87],{"class":79},[65,83575,7369],{"class":83},[65,83577,1352],{"class":79},[65,83579,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83581,164],{"class":163},[65,83583,151],{"class":79},[65,83585,82221],{"class":163},[65,83587,151],{"class":79},[65,83589,7384],{"class":147},[65,83591,1028],{"class":79},[20,83593,83594],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83596,83597],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[56,83599,83601],{"className":58,"code":83600,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83602,83603,83623],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83606,7353],{"class":71},[65,83608,76],{"class":75},[65,83610,1339],{"class":79},[65,83612,1898],{"class":83},[65,83614,87],{"class":79},[65,83616,7364],{"class":83},[65,83618,87],{"class":79},[65,83620,7369],{"class":83},[65,83622,1352],{"class":79},[65,83624,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83626,164],{"class":163},[65,83628,151],{"class":79},[65,83630,82221],{"class":163},[65,83632,151],{"class":79},[65,83634,7384],{"class":147},[65,83636,1028],{"class":79},[20,83638,83639,83640,144],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[210,83641,83643],{"href":83642},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1286,83645,83647,83649],{"id":83646},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83648,2571],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83651,83652,83654],{},[15,83653,82162],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[56,83656,83658],{"className":58,"code":83657,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(max())\n",[15,83659,83660],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83661,83662,83664,83666,83668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83663,164],{"class":163},[65,83665,151],{"class":79},[65,83667,82221],{"class":163},[65,83669,6766],{"class":79},[20,83671,2568,83672,144],{},[15,83673,2571],{},[51,83675,83677,657,83679],{"id":83676},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83678,82162],{},[15,83680,74008],{},[20,83682,83683],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83685,83686,191],{},[15,83687,82162],{},[33,83689,83690],{},[36,83691,83692],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83694,83695,191],{},[15,83696,74008],{},[33,83698,83699],{},[36,83700,83701],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83703,267],{},[56,83705,83707],{"className":58,"code":83706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83708,83709,83733,83737,83751],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83710,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725,83727,83729,83731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83712,3185],{"class":71},[65,83714,76],{"class":75},[65,83716,1339],{"class":79},[65,83718,111],{"class":83},[65,83720,87],{"class":79},[65,83722,5929],{"class":83},[65,83724,87],{"class":79},[65,83726,90],{"class":83},[65,83728,87],{"class":79},[65,83730,121],{"class":83},[65,83732,1352],{"class":79},[65,83734,83735],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83736,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,83738,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,83740,164],{"class":163},[65,83742,151],{"class":79},[65,83744,82221],{"class":163},[65,83746,151],{"class":79},[65,83748,3215],{"class":147},[65,83750,1028],{"class":79},[65,83752,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83754,164],{"class":163},[65,83756,151],{"class":79},[65,83758,74098],{"class":163},[65,83760,151],{"class":79},[65,83762,3215],{"class":147},[65,83764,1028],{"class":79},[20,83766,350],{},[56,83768,83770],{"className":58,"code":83769,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83771,83772,83776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83773,83774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83775,1949],{"class":83},[65,83777,83778,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83779,3469],{"class":79},[65,83781,1624],{"class":83},[65,83783,87],{"class":79},[65,83785,95],{"class":83},[65,83787,87],{"class":79},[65,83789,121],{"class":83},[65,83791,87],{"class":79},[65,83793,5929],{"class":83},[65,83795,1352],{"class":79},[20,83797,1660,83798,83800],{},[15,83799,82162],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83802,1660,83803,83807],{},[210,83804,83805],{"href":74105},[15,83806,74008],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83809,83810,83811,144],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[210,83812,83814],{"href":83813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83815,83816],{},"min()",[51,83818,2396],{"id":2395},[20,83820,83821],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,83823,83824,83831,83834,83839,83842],{},[36,83825,29225,83826,83828,83829],{},[15,83827,82162],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83830,82517],{},[36,83832,83833],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,83835,8030,83836,83838],{},[15,83837,82162],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,83840,83841],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,83843,7994,83844,83846],{},[15,83845,82517],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83848,10688],{},[56,83850,83852],{"className":58,"code":83851,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83853,83854,83864,83878,83892,83906,83928],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83857,164],{"class":163},[65,83859,151],{"class":79},[65,83861,7384],{"class":147},[65,83863,157],{"class":79},[65,83865,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,83867,164],{"class":163},[65,83869,151],{"class":79},[65,83871,1260],{"class":1259},[65,83873,151],{"class":79},[65,83875,7384],{"class":147},[65,83877,1028],{"class":79},[65,83879,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,83881,164],{"class":163},[65,83883,151],{"class":79},[65,83885,10737],{"class":163},[65,83887,151],{"class":79},[65,83889,7384],{"class":147},[65,83891,1028],{"class":79},[65,83893,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83895,164],{"class":163},[65,83897,151],{"class":79},[65,83899,82221],{"class":163},[65,83901,151],{"class":79},[65,83903,7384],{"class":147},[65,83905,1028],{"class":79},[65,83907,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,83909,164],{"class":163},[65,83911,151],{"class":79},[65,83913,82221],{"class":163},[65,83915,151],{"class":79},[65,83917,7384],{"class":147},[65,83919,87],{"class":79},[65,83921,26099],{"class":8754},[65,83923,76],{"class":75},[65,83925,3344],{"class":3419},[65,83927,1028],{"class":79},[65,83929,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,83931,164],{"class":163},[65,83933,2552],{"class":79},[65,83935,1260],{"class":1259},[65,83937,151],{"class":79},[65,83939,1742],{"class":147},[65,83941,172],{"class":79},[65,83943,3445],{"class":3444},[65,83945,3448],{"class":147},[65,83947,3451],{"class":3444},[65,83949,5535],{"class":147},[65,83951,3457],{"class":79},[20,83953,83954],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,83956,83957,83962,83967,83970],{},[36,83958,83959,83960],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83961,7384],{},[36,83963,79335,83964,83966],{},[15,83965,7384],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,83968,83969],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,83971,83972],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83974,68931,83975,83978,83979,83981],{},[15,83976,83977],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83980,7384],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[51,83983,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,83985,4711,83987,4714],{"id":83986},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83988,82162],{},[20,83990,83991],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1286,83993,4739,83995,83997],{"id":83994},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83996,82162],{}," work with strings?",[20,83999,84000],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1286,84002,71230],{"id":71229},[20,84004,84005,52080,84007,84009,84010,84012],{},[15,84006,82162],{},[15,84008,40286],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84011,82517],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1286,84014,84016,84017,1304],{"id":84015},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84018,82162],{},[20,84020,1660,84021,191],{},[15,84022,83070],{},[56,84024,84025],{"className":58,"code":82998,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84026,84027,84059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84028,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84030,3639],{"class":71},[65,84032,76],{"class":75},[65,84034,1339],{"class":79},[65,84036,488],{"class":487},[65,84038,36627],{"class":491},[65,84040,488],{"class":487},[65,84042,87],{"class":79},[65,84044,499],{"class":487},[65,84046,67910],{"class":491},[65,84048,488],{"class":487},[65,84050,87],{"class":79},[65,84052,499],{"class":487},[65,84054,57712],{"class":491},[65,84056,488],{"class":487},[65,84058,1352],{"class":79},[65,84060,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84062,164],{"class":163},[65,84064,151],{"class":79},[65,84066,82221],{"class":163},[65,84068,151],{"class":79},[65,84070,3683],{"class":147},[65,84072,87],{"class":79},[65,84074,21154],{"class":8754},[65,84076,76],{"class":75},[65,84078,10737],{"class":163},[65,84080,1028],{"class":79},[1286,84082,1299,84084,634,84086,1304],{"id":84083},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84085,82162],{},[15,84087,74008],{},[20,84089,84090,84092,84093,84095],{},[15,84091,82162],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84094,74008],{}," returns all items in order.",[51,84097,1455],{"id":1454},[33,84099,84100,84106,84112,84118,84122,84126],{},[36,84101,84102],{},[210,84103,84104,3076],{"href":83813},[15,84105,83816],{},[36,84107,84108],{},[210,84109,84110,3076],{"href":74105},[15,84111,74008],{},[36,84113,84114],{},[210,84115,84116,3076],{"href":41941},[15,84117,41944],{},[36,84119,84120],{},[210,84121,58540],{"href":58539},[36,84123,84124],{},[210,84125,65423],{"href":72462},[36,84127,84128],{},[210,84129,83643],{"href":83642},[1499,84131,84132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":84134},[84135,84136,84138,84139,84141,84143,84145,84150,84152,84160,84162,84163,84174],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":82352,"depth":101,"text":84137},"What max() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":82521,"depth":101,"text":84140},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82691,"depth":101,"text":84142},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82826,"depth":101,"text":84144},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78286,"depth":101,"text":79484,"children":84146},[84147,84148,84149],{"id":82994,"depth":126,"text":82995},{"id":83083,"depth":126,"text":83084},{"id":83165,"depth":126,"text":83166},{"id":83272,"depth":101,"text":84151},"Using the default argument",{"id":47570,"depth":101,"text":47571,"children":84153},[84154,84156,84158],{"id":83430,"depth":126,"text":84155},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83540,"depth":126,"text":84157},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83646,"depth":126,"text":84159},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83676,"depth":101,"text":84161},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":84164},[84165,84167,84169,84170,84172],{"id":83986,"depth":126,"text":84166},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83994,"depth":126,"text":84168},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71229,"depth":126,"text":71230},{"id":84015,"depth":126,"text":84171},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84083,"depth":126,"text":84173},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82154,"description":84175},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84182,"title":84183,"body":84184,"description":86138,"extension":1528,"meta":86139,"navigation":129,"path":86140,"seo":86141,"stem":86142,"__hash__":86143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84185,"toc":86095},[84186,84191,84196,84202,84204,84278,84280,84293,84298,84303,84319,84323,84328,84404,84410,84413,84456,84458,84466,84472,84475,84506,84508,84516,84522,84527,84586,84588,84597,84600,84610,84616,84621,84656,84658,84666,84672,84678,84683,84727,84729,84738,84741,84781,84783,84792,84795,84807,84812,84817,84868,84870,84879,84882,84933,84935,84944,84947,84954,84960,84965,84967,84982,84986,85046,85048,85057,85061,85233,85235,85272,85279,85285,85288,85315,85317,85338,85343,85378,85380,85388,85391,85394,85410,85415,85417,85421,85427,85431,85458,85461,85471,85511,85515,85518,85561,85563,85572,85575,85580,85649,85651,85659,85664,85668,85671,85722,85724,85732,85735,85798,85800,85808,85811,85816,85820,85833,85840,85848,85850,85852,85882,85888,85989,85999,86001,86006,86009,86014,86017,86019,86027,86035,86043,86050,86058,86060,86092],[10,84187,3143,84189,3147],{"id":84188},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84190,83816],{},[20,84192,84193,84195],{},[15,84194,83816],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84197,84198,84199,84201],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84200,83816],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[51,84203,1570],{"id":1569},[56,84205,84207],{"className":58,"code":84206,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84208,84209,84233,84248,84252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84210,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84212,3185],{"class":71},[65,84214,76],{"class":75},[65,84216,1339],{"class":79},[65,84218,1705],{"class":83},[65,84220,87],{"class":79},[65,84222,90],{"class":83},[65,84224,87],{"class":79},[65,84226,53722],{"class":83},[65,84228,87],{"class":79},[65,84230,5066],{"class":83},[65,84232,1352],{"class":79},[65,84234,84235,84237,84239,84242,84244,84246],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84236,164],{"class":163},[65,84238,151],{"class":79},[65,84240,84241],{"class":163},"min",[65,84243,151],{"class":79},[65,84245,3215],{"class":147},[65,84247,1028],{"class":79},[65,84249,84250],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,84251,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,84253,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84255,164],{"class":163},[65,84257,151],{"class":79},[65,84259,84241],{"class":163},[65,84261,151],{"class":79},[65,84263,1705],{"class":83},[65,84265,87],{"class":79},[65,84267,90],{"class":83},[65,84269,87],{"class":79},[65,84271,53722],{"class":83},[65,84273,87],{"class":79},[65,84275,5066],{"class":83},[65,84277,1028],{"class":79},[20,84279,350],{},[56,84281,84283],{"className":58,"code":84282,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n1\n",[15,84284,84285,84289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84286,84287],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84288,46501],{"class":83},[65,84290,84291],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84292,46501],{"class":83},[20,84294,1660,84295,84297],{},[15,84296,83816],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[51,84299,183,84301,186],{"id":84300},"what-min-does",[15,84302,83816],{},[33,84304,84305,84310,84313,84316],{},[36,84306,84307,84309],{},[15,84308,83816],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,84311,84312],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,84314,84315],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,84317,84318],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[51,84320,84322],{"id":84321},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84324,84325,84326,191],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84327,83816],{},[56,84329,84331],{"className":58,"code":84330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84332,84333,84343,84368,84386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84334,84335,84337,84339,84341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84336,84241],{"class":163},[65,84338,151],{"class":79},[65,84340,3286],{"class":147},[65,84342,157],{"class":79},[65,84344,84345,84347,84349,84352,84354,84357,84359,84362,84364,84366],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84346,84241],{"class":163},[65,84348,151],{"class":79},[65,84350,84351],{"class":147},"value1",[65,84353,87],{"class":79},[65,84355,84356],{"class":147}," value2",[65,84358,87],{"class":79},[65,84360,84361],{"class":147}," value3",[65,84363,87],{"class":79},[65,84365,34031],{"class":163},[65,84367,157],{"class":79},[65,84369,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,84371,84241],{"class":163},[65,84373,151],{"class":79},[65,84375,3286],{"class":147},[65,84377,87],{"class":79},[65,84379,21154],{"class":8754},[65,84381,76],{"class":75},[65,84383,36951],{"class":163},[65,84385,157],{"class":79},[65,84387,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84389,84241],{"class":163},[65,84391,151],{"class":79},[65,84393,3286],{"class":147},[65,84395,87],{"class":79},[65,84397,26099],{"class":8754},[65,84399,76],{"class":75},[65,84401,36951],{"class":163},[65,84403,157],{"class":79},[1286,84405,84407],{"id":84406},"miniterable",[15,84408,84409],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84411,84412],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[56,84414,84416],{"className":58,"code":84415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84417,84418,84442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84419,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84421,3185],{"class":71},[65,84423,76],{"class":75},[65,84425,1339],{"class":79},[65,84427,1913],{"class":83},[65,84429,87],{"class":79},[65,84431,95],{"class":83},[65,84433,87],{"class":79},[65,84435,30518],{"class":83},[65,84437,87],{"class":79},[65,84439,5066],{"class":83},[65,84441,1352],{"class":79},[65,84443,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84445,164],{"class":163},[65,84447,151],{"class":79},[65,84449,84241],{"class":163},[65,84451,151],{"class":79},[65,84453,3215],{"class":147},[65,84455,1028],{"class":79},[20,84457,350],{},[56,84459,84460],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84461,84462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84463,84464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84465,46501],{"class":83},[1286,84467,84469],{"id":84468},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84470,84471],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84473,84474],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[56,84476,84478],{"className":58,"code":84477,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84479,84480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84481,84482,84484,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84483,164],{"class":163},[65,84485,151],{"class":79},[65,84487,84241],{"class":163},[65,84489,151],{"class":79},[65,84491,1913],{"class":83},[65,84493,87],{"class":79},[65,84495,95],{"class":83},[65,84497,87],{"class":79},[65,84499,30518],{"class":83},[65,84501,87],{"class":79},[65,84503,5066],{"class":83},[65,84505,1028],{"class":79},[20,84507,350],{},[56,84509,84510],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84511,84512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84513,84514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84515,46501],{"class":83},[1286,84517,84519],{"id":84518},"miniterable-key",[15,84520,84521],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84523,1660,84524,84526],{},[15,84525,14416],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[56,84528,84530],{"className":58,"code":84529,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84531,84532,84564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84533,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84535,3639],{"class":71},[65,84537,76],{"class":75},[65,84539,1339],{"class":79},[65,84541,488],{"class":487},[65,84543,78328],{"class":491},[65,84545,488],{"class":487},[65,84547,87],{"class":79},[65,84549,499],{"class":487},[65,84551,37922],{"class":491},[65,84553,488],{"class":487},[65,84555,87],{"class":79},[65,84557,499],{"class":487},[65,84559,3657],{"class":491},[65,84561,488],{"class":487},[65,84563,1352],{"class":79},[65,84565,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84567,164],{"class":163},[65,84569,151],{"class":79},[65,84571,84241],{"class":163},[65,84573,151],{"class":79},[65,84575,3683],{"class":147},[65,84577,87],{"class":79},[65,84579,21154],{"class":8754},[65,84581,76],{"class":75},[65,84583,10737],{"class":163},[65,84585,1028],{"class":79},[20,84587,350],{},[56,84589,84591],{"className":58,"code":84590,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"kiwi\n",[15,84592,84593],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84594,84595],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84596,84590],{"class":71},[20,84598,84599],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84601,84602,84603,84605,84606,144],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84604,41944],{},", see the ",[210,84607,84608,3076],{"href":41941},[15,84609,41944],{},[1286,84611,84613],{"id":84612},"miniterable-default",[15,84614,84615],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84617,1660,84618,84620],{},[15,84619,82517],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[56,84622,84624],{"className":58,"code":84623,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84625,84626,84634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84627,84628,84630,84632],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84629,3185],{"class":71},[65,84631,76],{"class":75},[65,84633,7413],{"class":79},[65,84635,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84637,164],{"class":163},[65,84639,151],{"class":79},[65,84641,84241],{"class":163},[65,84643,151],{"class":79},[65,84645,3215],{"class":147},[65,84647,87],{"class":79},[65,84649,26099],{"class":8754},[65,84651,76],{"class":75},[65,84653,1688],{"class":83},[65,84655,1028],{"class":79},[20,84657,350],{},[56,84659,84660],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84661,84662],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84663,84664],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84665,46836],{"class":83},[20,84667,84668,84669,84671],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84670,40286],{}," when there is no item to return.",[51,84673,7994,84675,84677],{"id":84674},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84676,83816],{}," with numbers",[20,84679,84680,84682],{},[15,84681,83816],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[56,84684,84686],{"className":58,"code":84685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84687,84688,84713],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84689,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84691,4632],{"class":71},[65,84693,76],{"class":75},[65,84695,1339],{"class":79},[65,84697,51090],{"class":83},[65,84699,87],{"class":79},[65,84701,84702],{"class":83}," 72",[65,84704,87],{"class":79},[65,84706,28481],{"class":83},[65,84708,87],{"class":79},[65,84710,75684],{"class":83},[65,84712,1352],{"class":79},[65,84714,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84716,164],{"class":163},[65,84718,151],{"class":79},[65,84720,84241],{"class":163},[65,84722,151],{"class":79},[65,84724,15964],{"class":147},[65,84726,1028],{"class":79},[20,84728,350],{},[56,84730,84732],{"className":58,"code":84731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"60\n",[15,84733,84734],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84735,84736],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84737,84731],{"class":83},[20,84739,84740],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[56,84742,84744],{"className":58,"code":84743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84745,84746,84767],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84747,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84761,84763,84765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84749,82629],{"class":71},[65,84751,76],{"class":75},[65,84753,1339],{"class":79},[65,84755,39980],{"class":83},[65,84757,87],{"class":79},[65,84759,84760],{"class":83}," 5.49",[65,84762,87],{"class":79},[65,84764,82645],{"class":83},[65,84766,1352],{"class":79},[65,84768,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84770,164],{"class":163},[65,84772,151],{"class":79},[65,84774,84241],{"class":163},[65,84776,151],{"class":79},[65,84778,82665],{"class":147},[65,84780,1028],{"class":79},[20,84782,350],{},[56,84784,84786],{"className":58,"code":84785,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.49\n",[15,84787,84788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84789,84790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84791,84785],{"class":83},[20,84793,84794],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,84796,84797,84799,84801,84804],{},[36,84798,15964],{},[36,84800,82665],{},[36,84802,84803],{},"measurements",[36,84805,84806],{},"ages",[51,84808,7994,84810,46643],{"id":84809},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84811,83816],{},[20,84813,84814,84816],{},[15,84815,83816],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[56,84818,84820],{"className":58,"code":84819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84821,84822,84854],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84823,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84825,3639],{"class":71},[65,84827,76],{"class":75},[65,84829,1339],{"class":79},[65,84831,488],{"class":487},[65,84833,3657],{"class":491},[65,84835,488],{"class":487},[65,84837,87],{"class":79},[65,84839,499],{"class":487},[65,84841,3648],{"class":491},[65,84843,488],{"class":487},[65,84845,87],{"class":79},[65,84847,499],{"class":487},[65,84849,3666],{"class":491},[65,84851,488],{"class":487},[65,84853,1352],{"class":79},[65,84855,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84857,164],{"class":163},[65,84859,151],{"class":79},[65,84861,84241],{"class":163},[65,84863,151],{"class":79},[65,84865,3683],{"class":147},[65,84867,1028],{"class":79},[20,84869,350],{},[56,84871,84873],{"className":58,"code":84872,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apple\n",[15,84874,84875],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84876,84877],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84878,84872],{"class":71},[20,84880,84881],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[56,84883,84885],{"className":58,"code":84884,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84886,84887,84919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84888,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84890,3639],{"class":71},[65,84892,76],{"class":75},[65,84894,1339],{"class":79},[65,84896,488],{"class":487},[65,84898,3657],{"class":491},[65,84900,488],{"class":487},[65,84902,87],{"class":79},[65,84904,499],{"class":487},[65,84906,57353],{"class":491},[65,84908,488],{"class":487},[65,84910,87],{"class":79},[65,84912,499],{"class":487},[65,84914,3666],{"class":491},[65,84916,488],{"class":487},[65,84918,1352],{"class":79},[65,84920,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,84922,164],{"class":163},[65,84924,151],{"class":79},[65,84926,84241],{"class":163},[65,84928,151],{"class":79},[65,84930,3683],{"class":147},[65,84932,1028],{"class":79},[20,84934,350],{},[56,84936,84938],{"className":58,"code":84937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Apple\n",[15,84939,84940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84941,84942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84943,84937],{"class":71},[20,84945,84946],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84948,84949,84950,144],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[210,84951,84952,5352],{"href":74105},[15,84953,74008],{},[51,84955,7994,84957,84959],{"id":84956},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84958,83816],{}," with a key function",[20,84961,1545,84962,84964],{},[15,84963,14416],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84966,11034],{},[33,84968,84969,84974,84979],{},[36,84970,84971,84973],{},[15,84972,14416],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,84975,84976,84978],{},[15,84977,83816],{}," still returns the original item",[36,84980,84981],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1286,84983,84985],{"id":84984},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[56,84987,84989],{"className":58,"code":84988,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84990,84991,85024],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84992,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85020,85022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84994,3639],{"class":71},[65,84996,76],{"class":75},[65,84998,1339],{"class":79},[65,85000,488],{"class":487},[65,85002,67910],{"class":491},[65,85004,488],{"class":487},[65,85006,87],{"class":79},[65,85008,499],{"class":487},[65,85010,36627],{"class":491},[65,85012,488],{"class":487},[65,85014,87],{"class":79},[65,85016,499],{"class":487},[65,85018,85019],{"class":491},"giraffe",[65,85021,488],{"class":487},[65,85023,1352],{"class":79},[65,85025,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85027,164],{"class":163},[65,85029,151],{"class":79},[65,85031,84241],{"class":163},[65,85033,151],{"class":79},[65,85035,3683],{"class":147},[65,85037,87],{"class":79},[65,85039,21154],{"class":8754},[65,85041,76],{"class":75},[65,85043,10737],{"class":163},[65,85045,1028],{"class":79},[20,85047,350],{},[56,85049,85051],{"className":58,"code":85050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cat\n",[15,85052,85053],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85054,85055],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85056,85050],{"class":71},[1286,85058,85060],{"id":85059},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[56,85062,85064],{"className":58,"code":85063,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85065,85066,85076,85111,85143,85175,85179,85183,85222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85067,85068,85071,85073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85069,85070],{"class":71},"students ",[65,85072,76],{"class":75},[65,85074,85075],{"class":79}," [\n",[65,85077,85078,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85102,85104,85106,85108],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85079,85080],{"class":79},"    {",[65,85082,488],{"class":487},[65,85084,7241],{"class":491},[65,85086,488],{"class":487},[65,85088,191],{"class":79},[65,85090,499],{"class":487},[65,85092,12456],{"class":491},[65,85094,488],{"class":487},[65,85096,87],{"class":79},[65,85098,499],{"class":487},[65,85100,85101],{"class":491},"score",[65,85103,488],{"class":487},[65,85105,191],{"class":79},[65,85107,13081],{"class":83},[65,85109,85110],{"class":79},"},\n",[65,85112,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,85114,85080],{"class":79},[65,85116,488],{"class":487},[65,85118,7241],{"class":491},[65,85120,488],{"class":487},[65,85122,191],{"class":79},[65,85124,499],{"class":487},[65,85126,35520],{"class":491},[65,85128,488],{"class":487},[65,85130,87],{"class":79},[65,85132,499],{"class":487},[65,85134,85101],{"class":491},[65,85136,488],{"class":487},[65,85138,191],{"class":79},[65,85140,84702],{"class":83},[65,85142,85110],{"class":79},[65,85144,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85146,85080],{"class":79},[65,85148,488],{"class":487},[65,85150,7241],{"class":491},[65,85152,488],{"class":487},[65,85154,191],{"class":79},[65,85156,499],{"class":487},[65,85158,35529],{"class":491},[65,85160,488],{"class":487},[65,85162,87],{"class":79},[65,85164,499],{"class":487},[65,85166,85101],{"class":491},[65,85168,488],{"class":487},[65,85170,191],{"class":79},[65,85172,19473],{"class":83},[65,85174,98],{"class":79},[65,85176,85177],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,85178,1352],{"class":79},[65,85180,85181],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,85182,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,85184,85185,85188,85190,85193,85195,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,85186,85187],{"class":71},"lowest ",[65,85189,76],{"class":75},[65,85191,85192],{"class":163}," min",[65,85194,151],{"class":79},[65,85196,85197],{"class":147},"students",[65,85199,87],{"class":79},[65,85201,21154],{"class":8754},[65,85203,76],{"class":75},[65,85205,37240],{"class":1632},[65,85207,12482],{"class":37243},[65,85209,191],{"class":79},[65,85211,12482],{"class":147},[65,85213,3469],{"class":79},[65,85215,488],{"class":487},[65,85217,85101],{"class":491},[65,85219,488],{"class":487},[65,85221,3457],{"class":79},[65,85223,85224,85226,85228,85231],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,85225,164],{"class":163},[65,85227,151],{"class":79},[65,85229,85230],{"class":147},"lowest",[65,85232,157],{"class":79},[20,85234,350],{},[56,85236,85238],{"className":58,"code":85237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85239,85240],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85241,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85243,360],{"class":79},[65,85245,594],{"class":487},[65,85247,7241],{"class":491},[65,85249,594],{"class":487},[65,85251,191],{"class":79},[65,85253,603],{"class":487},[65,85255,35520],{"class":491},[65,85257,594],{"class":487},[65,85259,87],{"class":79},[65,85261,603],{"class":487},[65,85263,85101],{"class":491},[65,85265,594],{"class":487},[65,85267,191],{"class":79},[65,85269,84702],{"class":83},[65,85271,98],{"class":79},[20,85273,85274,85275,85278],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85276,85277],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[51,85280,7994,85282,85284],{"id":85281},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85283,82517],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85286,85287],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[56,85289,85291],{"className":58,"code":85290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85292,85293,85301],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85294,85295,85297,85299],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85296,3185],{"class":71},[65,85298,76],{"class":75},[65,85300,7413],{"class":79},[65,85302,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85304,164],{"class":163},[65,85306,151],{"class":79},[65,85308,84241],{"class":163},[65,85310,151],{"class":79},[65,85312,3215],{"class":147},[65,85314,1028],{"class":79},[20,85316,350],{},[56,85318,85320],{"className":58,"code":85319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85321,85322],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85323,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85325,40286],{"class":1259},[65,85327,191],{"class":79},[65,85329,85192],{"class":163},[65,85331,6938],{"class":79},[65,85333,83487],{"class":71},[65,85335,11769],{"class":75},[65,85337,83492],{"class":71},[20,85339,85340,85341,191],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85342,82517],{},[56,85344,85346],{"className":58,"code":85345,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85347,85348,85356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85349,85350,85352,85354],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85351,3185],{"class":71},[65,85353,76],{"class":75},[65,85355,7413],{"class":79},[65,85357,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85359,164],{"class":163},[65,85361,151],{"class":79},[65,85363,84241],{"class":163},[65,85365,151],{"class":79},[65,85367,3215],{"class":147},[65,85369,87],{"class":79},[65,85371,26099],{"class":8754},[65,85373,76],{"class":75},[65,85375,3344],{"class":3419},[65,85377,1028],{"class":79},[20,85379,350],{},[56,85381,85382],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85383,85384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85385,85386],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85387,11383],{"class":3419},[20,85389,85390],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85392,85393],{},"Remember:",[33,85395,85396,85404],{},[36,85397,85398,85400,85401,85403],{},[15,85399,82517],{}," works only when ",[15,85402,83816],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,85405,85406,85407],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85408,85409],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85411,85412,85413,144],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[210,85414,65423],{"href":72462},[51,85416,10320],{"id":10319},[20,85418,56362,85419,144],{},[15,85420,83816],{},[1286,85422,85424,85425],{"id":85423},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85426,82517],{},[20,85428,2568,85429,191],{},[15,85430,40286],{},[56,85432,85434],{"className":58,"code":85433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85435,85436,85444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85437,85438,85440,85442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85439,7353],{"class":71},[65,85441,76],{"class":75},[65,85443,7413],{"class":79},[65,85445,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85447,164],{"class":163},[65,85449,151],{"class":79},[65,85451,84241],{"class":163},[65,85453,151],{"class":79},[65,85455,7384],{"class":147},[65,85457,1028],{"class":79},[20,85459,85460],{},"Fix it by:",[33,85462,85463,85466],{},[36,85464,85465],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,85467,85468,85469],{},"or using ",[15,85470,82517],{},[56,85472,85474],{"className":58,"code":85473,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85475,85476,85484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85477,85478,85480,85482],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85479,7353],{"class":71},[65,85481,76],{"class":75},[65,85483,7413],{"class":79},[65,85485,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85507,85509],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85487,164],{"class":163},[65,85489,151],{"class":79},[65,85491,84241],{"class":163},[65,85493,151],{"class":79},[65,85495,7384],{"class":147},[65,85497,87],{"class":79},[65,85499,26099],{"class":8754},[65,85501,76],{"class":75},[65,85503,488],{"class":487},[65,85505,85506],{"class":491},"no items",[65,85508,488],{"class":487},[65,85510,1028],{"class":79},[1286,85512,85514],{"id":85513},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85516,85517],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[56,85519,85521],{"className":58,"code":85520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85522,85523,85547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85524,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85526,8744],{"class":71},[65,85528,76],{"class":75},[65,85530,1339],{"class":79},[65,85532,1898],{"class":83},[65,85534,87],{"class":79},[65,85536,499],{"class":487},[65,85538,15329],{"class":491},[65,85540,488],{"class":487},[65,85542,87],{"class":79},[65,85544,121],{"class":83},[65,85546,1352],{"class":79},[65,85548,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85550,164],{"class":163},[65,85552,151],{"class":79},[65,85554,84241],{"class":163},[65,85556,151],{"class":79},[65,85558,8783],{"class":147},[65,85560,1028],{"class":79},[20,85562,350],{},[56,85564,85566],{"className":58,"code":85565,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError\n",[15,85567,85568],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85569,85570],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85571,85565],{"class":1259},[20,85573,85574],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85576,85577,85578,144],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85579,83816],{},[56,85581,85583],{"className":58,"code":85582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85584,85585,85609,85635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85586,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85588,8744],{"class":71},[65,85590,76],{"class":75},[65,85592,1339],{"class":79},[65,85594,1898],{"class":83},[65,85596,87],{"class":79},[65,85598,499],{"class":487},[65,85600,15329],{"class":491},[65,85602,488],{"class":487},[65,85604,87],{"class":79},[65,85606,121],{"class":83},[65,85608,1352],{"class":79},[65,85610,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85612,3185],{"class":71},[65,85614,76],{"class":75},[65,85616,1339],{"class":79},[65,85618,1757],{"class":1259},[65,85620,151],{"class":79},[65,85622,1742],{"class":147},[65,85624,172],{"class":79},[65,85626,3445],{"class":3444},[65,85628,3448],{"class":71},[65,85630,3451],{"class":3444},[65,85632,14141],{"class":71},[65,85634,1352],{"class":79},[65,85636,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,85638,164],{"class":163},[65,85640,151],{"class":79},[65,85642,84241],{"class":163},[65,85644,151],{"class":79},[65,85646,3215],{"class":147},[65,85648,1028],{"class":79},[20,85650,350],{},[56,85652,85653],{"className":58,"code":2513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85654,85655],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85656,85657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85658,2513],{"class":83},[20,85660,85661,85662,144],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85663,2571],{},[1286,85665,85667],{"id":85666},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85669,85670],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[56,85672,85674],{"className":58,"code":85673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85675,85676,85708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85677,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85679,3639],{"class":71},[65,85681,76],{"class":75},[65,85683,1339],{"class":79},[65,85685,488],{"class":487},[65,85687,79144],{"class":491},[65,85689,488],{"class":487},[65,85691,87],{"class":79},[65,85693,499],{"class":487},[65,85695,57353],{"class":491},[65,85697,488],{"class":487},[65,85699,87],{"class":79},[65,85701,499],{"class":487},[65,85703,79161],{"class":491},[65,85705,488],{"class":487},[65,85707,1352],{"class":79},[65,85709,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85711,164],{"class":163},[65,85713,151],{"class":79},[65,85715,84241],{"class":163},[65,85717,151],{"class":79},[65,85719,3683],{"class":147},[65,85721,1028],{"class":79},[20,85723,350],{},[56,85725,85726],{"className":58,"code":84937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85727,85728],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85729,85730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85731,84937],{"class":71},[20,85733,85734],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[56,85736,85738],{"className":58,"code":85737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85739,85740,85772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85741,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85743,3639],{"class":71},[65,85745,76],{"class":75},[65,85747,1339],{"class":79},[65,85749,488],{"class":487},[65,85751,79144],{"class":491},[65,85753,488],{"class":487},[65,85755,87],{"class":79},[65,85757,499],{"class":487},[65,85759,57353],{"class":491},[65,85761,488],{"class":487},[65,85763,87],{"class":79},[65,85765,499],{"class":487},[65,85767,79161],{"class":491},[65,85769,488],{"class":487},[65,85771,1352],{"class":79},[65,85773,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85775,164],{"class":163},[65,85777,151],{"class":79},[65,85779,84241],{"class":163},[65,85781,151],{"class":79},[65,85783,3683],{"class":147},[65,85785,87],{"class":79},[65,85787,21154],{"class":8754},[65,85789,76],{"class":75},[65,85791,3010],{"class":1259},[65,85793,144],{"class":79},[65,85795,8217],{"class":24325},[65,85797,1028],{"class":79},[20,85799,350],{},[56,85801,85802],{"className":58,"code":84937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85803,85804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85805,85806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85807,84937],{"class":71},[20,85809,85810],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[51,85812,4529,85814],{"id":85813},"when-to-use-min",[15,85815,83816],{},[20,85817,1660,85818,10177],{},[15,85819,83816],{},[33,85821,85822,85825,85830],{},[36,85823,85824],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,85826,85827,85828],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85829,14416],{},[36,85831,85832],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85834,1660,85835,85839],{},[210,85836,85837],{"href":74105},[15,85838,74008],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85841,1660,85842,85847],{},[210,85843,85845],{"href":85844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85846,82162],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[51,85849,2396],{"id":2395},[20,85851,83821],{},[33,85853,85854,85862,85865,85870,85877],{},[36,85855,85856,85857,85859,85860],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85858,83816],{}," without using ",[15,85861,82517],{},[36,85863,85864],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,85866,8030,85867,85869],{},[15,85868,83816],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,85871,4272,85872,85874,85875,84978],{},[15,85873,14416],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85876,83816],{},[36,85878,7994,85879,85881],{},[15,85880,82517],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85883,85884,85885,85887],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85886,83816],{},", these quick checks can help:",[56,85889,85891],{"className":58,"code":85890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85892,85893,85907,85917,85931,85945,85967],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85894,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85896,164],{"class":163},[65,85898,151],{"class":79},[65,85900,1260],{"class":1259},[65,85902,151],{"class":79},[65,85904,8783],{"class":147},[65,85906,1028],{"class":79},[65,85908,85909,85911,85913,85915],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,85910,164],{"class":163},[65,85912,151],{"class":79},[65,85914,8783],{"class":147},[65,85916,157],{"class":79},[65,85918,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,85920,164],{"class":163},[65,85922,151],{"class":79},[65,85924,10737],{"class":163},[65,85926,151],{"class":79},[65,85928,8783],{"class":147},[65,85930,1028],{"class":79},[65,85932,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85934,164],{"class":163},[65,85936,151],{"class":79},[65,85938,84241],{"class":163},[65,85940,151],{"class":79},[65,85942,8783],{"class":147},[65,85944,1028],{"class":79},[65,85946,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,85948,164],{"class":163},[65,85950,151],{"class":79},[65,85952,84241],{"class":163},[65,85954,151],{"class":79},[65,85956,8783],{"class":147},[65,85958,87],{"class":79},[65,85960,26099],{"class":8754},[65,85962,76],{"class":75},[65,85964,3344],{"class":3419},[65,85966,1028],{"class":79},[65,85968,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,85970,164],{"class":163},[65,85972,151],{"class":79},[65,85974,84241],{"class":163},[65,85976,151],{"class":79},[65,85978,3683],{"class":147},[65,85980,87],{"class":79},[65,85982,21154],{"class":8754},[65,85984,76],{"class":75},[65,85986,10737],{"class":163},[65,85988,1028],{"class":79},[20,85990,85991,85992,85995,85996,85998],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85993,85994],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85997,8783],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[51,86000,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,86002,4711,86004,4714],{"id":86003},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86005,83816],{},[20,86007,86008],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1286,86010,4739,86012,83997],{"id":86011},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86013,83816],{},[20,86015,86016],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1286,86018,71230],{"id":71229},[20,86020,86021,52080,86023,84009,86025,36201],{},[15,86022,83816],{},[15,86024,40286],{},[15,86026,82517],{},[1286,86028,4711,86030,86032,86033,1304],{"id":86029},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86031,14416],{}," do in ",[15,86034,83816],{},[20,86036,86037,86039,86040,86042],{},[15,86038,14416],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86041,83070],{}," compares strings by length.",[1286,86044,1299,86046,634,86048,1304],{"id":86045},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86047,83816],{},[15,86049,74008],{},[20,86051,86052,86054,86055,86057],{},[15,86053,83816],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86056,74008],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[51,86059,1455],{"id":1454},[33,86061,86062,86068,86074,86080,86084,86088],{},[36,86063,86064],{},[210,86065,86066,3076],{"href":85844},[15,86067,82162],{},[36,86069,86070],{},[210,86071,86072,3076],{"href":74105},[15,86073,74008],{},[36,86075,86076],{},[210,86077,86078,3076],{"href":41941},[15,86079,41944],{},[36,86081,86082],{},[210,86083,79457],{"href":77960},[36,86085,86086],{},[210,86087,58540],{"href":58539},[36,86089,86090],{},[210,86091,65423],{"href":72462},[1499,86093,86094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":86096},[86097,86098,86100,86106,86108,86110,86115,86117,86123,86125,86126,86137],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":84300,"depth":101,"text":86099},"What min() does",{"id":84321,"depth":101,"text":84322,"children":86101},[86102,86103,86104,86105],{"id":84406,"depth":126,"text":84409},{"id":84468,"depth":126,"text":84471},{"id":84518,"depth":126,"text":84521},{"id":84612,"depth":126,"text":84615},{"id":84674,"depth":101,"text":86107},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84809,"depth":101,"text":86109},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84956,"depth":101,"text":86111,"children":86112},"Using min() with a key function",[86113,86114],{"id":84984,"depth":126,"text":84985},{"id":85059,"depth":126,"text":85060},{"id":85281,"depth":101,"text":86116},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10319,"depth":101,"text":10320,"children":86118},[86119,86121,86122],{"id":85423,"depth":126,"text":86120},"Empty list without default",{"id":85513,"depth":126,"text":85514},{"id":85666,"depth":126,"text":85667},{"id":85813,"depth":101,"text":86124},"When to use min()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":86127},[86128,86130,86132,86133,86135],{"id":86003,"depth":126,"text":86129},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86011,"depth":126,"text":86131},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71229,"depth":126,"text":71230},{"id":86029,"depth":126,"text":86134},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86045,"depth":126,"text":86136},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84183,"description":86138},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86145,"title":86146,"body":86147,"description":88326,"extension":1528,"meta":88327,"navigation":129,"path":88328,"seo":88329,"stem":88330,"__hash__":88331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86148,"toc":88290},[86149,86152,86158,86164,86166,86247,86256,86260,86265,86267,86312,86314,86394,86400,86402,86405,86437,86439,86457,86459,86532,86534,86553,86557,86560,86596,86598,86665,86739,86812,86817,86821,86827,86830,86847,86850,86852,86913,86915,86935,86941,86945,86948,87018,87021,87040,87045,87121,87124,87128,87134,87138,87143,87213,87217,87222,87296,87300,87303,87378,87389,87393,87398,87488,87493,87561,87564,87583,87594,87598,87601,87606,87609,87671,87674,87685,87690,87693,87696,87701,87704,87707,87711,87714,87720,87723,87734,87736,87798,87813,87819,87822,87825,87836,87847,87853,87856,87858,87920,87930,87936,87941,87947,87951,87957,87960,87981,87983,87988,88015,88018,88045,88048,88087,88090,88128,88131,88192,88195,88197,88201,88204,88208,88214,88222,88230,88234,88237,88241,88247,88249,88287],[10,86150,86146],{"id":86151},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86153,86154,86157],{},[15,86155,86156],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86159,86160,86161,86163],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86162,86156],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[51,86165,1570],{"id":1569},[56,86167,86169],{"className":58,"code":86168,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86170,86171,86220,86236],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86172,86173,86176,86179,86181,86183,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86201,86203,86205,86208,86210,86212,86214,86218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86174,86175],{"class":3444},"with",[65,86177,86178],{"class":163}," open",[65,86180,151],{"class":79},[65,86182,488],{"class":487},[65,86184,86185],{"class":491},"example.txt",[65,86187,488],{"class":487},[65,86189,87],{"class":79},[65,86191,499],{"class":487},[65,86193,60090],{"class":491},[65,86195,488],{"class":487},[65,86197,87],{"class":79},[65,86199,86200],{"class":8754}," encoding",[65,86202,76],{"class":75},[65,86204,488],{"class":487},[65,86206,86207],{"class":491},"utf-8",[65,86209,488],{"class":487},[65,86211,172],{"class":79},[65,86213,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86215,86217],{"class":86216},"sMMDD"," file",[65,86219,5963],{"class":79},[65,86221,86222,86225,86227,86229,86231,86234],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86223,86224],{"class":71},"    content ",[65,86226,76],{"class":75},[65,86228,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86230,144],{"class":79},[65,86232,86233],{"class":147},"read",[65,86235,8220],{"class":79},[65,86237,86238,86240,86242,86245],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86239,7644],{"class":163},[65,86241,151],{"class":79},[65,86243,86244],{"class":147},"content",[65,86246,157],{"class":79},[20,86248,1660,86249,86251,86252,86255],{},[15,86250,86175],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86253,86254],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[51,86257,86259],{"id":86258},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86261,86262,86264],{},[15,86263,86156],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86266,11034],{},[33,86268,86269,86272,86277,86282],{},[36,86270,86271],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,86273,40488,86274,86276],{},[43,86275,45],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,86278,16997,86279],{},[43,86280,86281],{},"file object",[36,86283,86284,86285],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,86286,86287,86292,86297,86302,86307],{},[36,86288,86289],{},[15,86290,86291],{},"read()",[36,86293,86294],{},[15,86295,86296],{},"readline()",[36,86298,86299],{},[15,86300,86301],{},"readlines()",[36,86303,86304],{},[15,86305,86306],{},"write()",[36,86308,86309],{},[15,86310,86311],{},"close()",[20,86313,267],{},[56,86315,86317],{"className":58,"code":86316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86318,86319,86358,86373,86383],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86320,86321,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86322,86323],{"class":86216},"file",[65,86325,12851],{"class":75},[65,86327,86178],{"class":163},[65,86329,151],{"class":79},[65,86331,488],{"class":487},[65,86333,86185],{"class":491},[65,86335,488],{"class":487},[65,86337,87],{"class":79},[65,86339,499],{"class":487},[65,86341,60090],{"class":491},[65,86343,488],{"class":487},[65,86345,87],{"class":79},[65,86347,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86349,76],{"class":75},[65,86351,488],{"class":487},[65,86353,86207],{"class":491},[65,86355,488],{"class":487},[65,86357,157],{"class":79},[65,86359,86360,86363,86365,86367,86369,86371],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86361,86362],{"class":71},"content ",[65,86364,76],{"class":75},[65,86366,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86368,144],{"class":79},[65,86370,86233],{"class":147},[65,86372,8220],{"class":79},[65,86374,86375,86377,86379,86381],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86376,164],{"class":163},[65,86378,151],{"class":79},[65,86380,86244],{"class":147},[65,86382,157],{"class":79},[65,86384,86385,86387,86389,86392],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86386,86323],{"class":86216},[65,86388,144],{"class":79},[65,86390,86391],{"class":147},"close",[65,86393,8220],{"class":79},[20,86395,86396,86397,86399],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86398,86175],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[51,86401,222],{"id":221},[20,86403,86404],{},"A common form is:",[56,86406,86408],{"className":58,"code":86407,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86409,86410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86411,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86413,42010],{"class":163},[65,86415,151],{"class":79},[65,86417,86323],{"class":86216},[65,86419,87],{"class":79},[65,86421,86422],{"class":147}," mode",[65,86424,87],{"class":79},[65,86426,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86428,76],{"class":75},[65,86430,488],{"class":487},[65,86432,86207],{"class":491},[65,86434,488],{"class":487},[65,86436,157],{"class":79},[20,86438,64630],{},[33,86440,86441,86446,86451],{},[36,86442,86443,86445],{},[15,86444,86323],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,86447,86448,86450],{},[15,86449,20494],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,86452,86453,86456],{},[15,86454,86455],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86458,267],{},[56,86460,86462],{"className":58,"code":86461,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86463,86464,86507,86522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86465,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86467,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86469,86178],{"class":163},[65,86471,151],{"class":79},[65,86473,488],{"class":487},[65,86475,86476],{"class":491},"notes.txt",[65,86478,488],{"class":487},[65,86480,87],{"class":79},[65,86482,499],{"class":487},[65,86484,60090],{"class":491},[65,86486,488],{"class":487},[65,86488,87],{"class":79},[65,86490,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86492,76],{"class":75},[65,86494,488],{"class":487},[65,86496,86207],{"class":491},[65,86498,488],{"class":487},[65,86500,172],{"class":79},[65,86502,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86504,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86506,5963],{"class":79},[65,86508,86509,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86510,86511],{"class":71},"    text ",[65,86513,76],{"class":75},[65,86515,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86517,144],{"class":79},[65,86519,86233],{"class":147},[65,86521,8220],{"class":79},[65,86523,86524,86526,86528,86530],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86525,7644],{"class":163},[65,86527,151],{"class":79},[65,86529,34286],{"class":147},[65,86531,157],{"class":79},[20,86533,19532],{},[33,86535,86536,86542,86547],{},[36,86537,86538,86541],{},[15,86539,86540],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,86543,86544,86546],{},[15,86545,86254],{}," means open for reading",[36,86548,86549,86552],{},[15,86550,86551],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[51,86554,86556],{"id":86555},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86558,86559],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,86561,86562,86567,86573,86578,86584,86590],{},[36,86563,86564,86566],{},[15,86565,86254],{}," = read a text file",[36,86568,86569,86572],{},[15,86570,86571],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,86574,86575,86577],{},[15,86576,17671],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,86579,86580,86583],{},[15,86581,86582],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,86585,86586,86589],{},[15,86587,86588],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,86591,86592,86595],{},[15,86593,86594],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86597,1694],{},[56,86599,86601],{"className":58,"code":86600,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86602,86603,86608,86651],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86604,86605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86606,86607],{"class":175},"# Read a text file\n",[65,86609,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86611,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86613,86178],{"class":163},[65,86615,151],{"class":79},[65,86617,488],{"class":487},[65,86619,86620],{"class":491},"data.txt",[65,86622,488],{"class":487},[65,86624,87],{"class":79},[65,86626,499],{"class":487},[65,86628,60090],{"class":491},[65,86630,488],{"class":487},[65,86632,87],{"class":79},[65,86634,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86636,76],{"class":75},[65,86638,488],{"class":487},[65,86640,86207],{"class":491},[65,86642,488],{"class":487},[65,86644,172],{"class":79},[65,86646,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86648,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86650,5963],{"class":79},[65,86652,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86654,7644],{"class":163},[65,86656,151],{"class":79},[65,86658,86323],{"class":86216},[65,86660,144],{"class":79},[65,86662,86233],{"class":147},[65,86664,6766],{"class":79},[56,86666,86668],{"className":58,"code":86667,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86669,86670,86675,86717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86671,86672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86673,86674],{"class":175},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[65,86676,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86678,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86680,86178],{"class":163},[65,86682,151],{"class":79},[65,86684,488],{"class":487},[65,86686,86620],{"class":491},[65,86688,488],{"class":487},[65,86690,87],{"class":79},[65,86692,499],{"class":487},[65,86694,60073],{"class":491},[65,86696,488],{"class":487},[65,86698,87],{"class":79},[65,86700,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86702,76],{"class":75},[65,86704,488],{"class":487},[65,86706,86207],{"class":491},[65,86708,488],{"class":487},[65,86710,172],{"class":79},[65,86712,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86714,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86716,5963],{"class":79},[65,86718,86719,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86735,86737],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86720,86721],{"class":86216},"    file",[65,86723,144],{"class":79},[65,86725,69779],{"class":147},[65,86727,151],{"class":79},[65,86729,488],{"class":487},[65,86731,34445],{"class":491},[65,86733,86734],{"class":34030},"\\n",[65,86736,488],{"class":487},[65,86738,157],{"class":79},[56,86740,86742],{"className":58,"code":86741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86743,86744,86749,86791],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86745,86746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86747,86748],{"class":175},"# Append to a text file\n",[65,86750,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86752,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86754,86178],{"class":163},[65,86756,151],{"class":79},[65,86758,488],{"class":487},[65,86760,86620],{"class":491},[65,86762,488],{"class":487},[65,86764,87],{"class":79},[65,86766,499],{"class":487},[65,86768,210],{"class":491},[65,86770,488],{"class":487},[65,86772,87],{"class":79},[65,86774,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86776,76],{"class":75},[65,86778,488],{"class":487},[65,86780,86207],{"class":491},[65,86782,488],{"class":487},[65,86784,172],{"class":79},[65,86786,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86788,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86790,5963],{"class":79},[65,86792,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86806,86808,86810],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,86794,86721],{"class":86216},[65,86796,144],{"class":79},[65,86798,69779],{"class":147},[65,86800,151],{"class":79},[65,86802,488],{"class":487},[65,86804,86805],{"class":491},"Another line",[65,86807,86734],{"class":34030},[65,86809,488],{"class":487},[65,86811,157],{"class":79},[20,86813,68931,86814,86816],{},[15,86815,86571],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[51,86818,86820],{"id":86819},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86822,86823,21550,86825,144],{},[15,86824,86156],{},[43,86826,86281],{},[20,86828,86829],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,86831,86832,86837,86842],{},[36,86833,86834],{},[15,86835,86836],{},"file.read()",[36,86838,86839],{},[15,86840,86841],{},"file.write()",[36,86843,86844],{},[15,86845,86846],{},"file.close()",[20,86848,86849],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86851,267],{},[56,86853,86855],{"className":58,"code":86854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86856,86857,86899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86858,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86860,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86862,86178],{"class":163},[65,86864,151],{"class":79},[65,86866,488],{"class":487},[65,86868,86185],{"class":491},[65,86870,488],{"class":487},[65,86872,87],{"class":79},[65,86874,499],{"class":487},[65,86876,60090],{"class":491},[65,86878,488],{"class":487},[65,86880,87],{"class":79},[65,86882,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86884,76],{"class":75},[65,86886,488],{"class":487},[65,86888,86207],{"class":491},[65,86890,488],{"class":487},[65,86892,172],{"class":79},[65,86894,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86896,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86898,5963],{"class":79},[65,86900,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86902,7644],{"class":163},[65,86904,151],{"class":79},[65,86906,1260],{"class":1259},[65,86908,151],{"class":79},[65,86910,86323],{"class":86216},[65,86912,1028],{"class":79},[20,86914,1046],{},[56,86916,86918],{"className":58,"code":86917,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86919,86920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86921,86922,86924,86926,86928,86931,86933],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86923,2857],{"class":75},[65,86925,2860],{"class":1632},[65,86927,603],{"class":487},[65,86929,86930],{"class":491},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[65,86932,594],{"class":487},[65,86934,2869],{"class":75},[20,86936,86937,86938,86940],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86939,86156],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[51,86942,86944],{"id":86943},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86946,86947],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[56,86949,86950],{"className":58,"code":86168,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,86951,86952,86994,87008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86953,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86955,86175],{"class":3444},[65,86957,86178],{"class":163},[65,86959,151],{"class":79},[65,86961,488],{"class":487},[65,86963,86185],{"class":491},[65,86965,488],{"class":487},[65,86967,87],{"class":79},[65,86969,499],{"class":487},[65,86971,60090],{"class":491},[65,86973,488],{"class":487},[65,86975,87],{"class":79},[65,86977,86200],{"class":8754},[65,86979,76],{"class":75},[65,86981,488],{"class":487},[65,86983,86207],{"class":491},[65,86985,488],{"class":487},[65,86987,172],{"class":79},[65,86989,46942],{"class":3444},[65,86991,86217],{"class":86216},[65,86993,5963],{"class":79},[65,86995,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,86997,86224],{"class":71},[65,86999,76],{"class":75},[65,87001,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87003,144],{"class":79},[65,87005,86233],{"class":147},[65,87007,8220],{"class":79},[65,87009,87010,87012,87014,87016],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87011,7644],{"class":163},[65,87013,151],{"class":79},[65,87015,86244],{"class":147},[65,87017,157],{"class":79},[20,87019,87020],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,87022,87023,87028,87034,87037],{},[36,87024,87025,87027],{},[15,87026,86175],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,87029,87030,87031,87033],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87032,86311],{}," yourself",[36,87035,87036],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,87038,87039],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87041,83333,87042,87044],{},[15,87043,86175],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[56,87046,87047],{"className":58,"code":86316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,87048,87049,87087,87101,87111],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87050,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87052,86323],{"class":86216},[65,87054,12851],{"class":75},[65,87056,86178],{"class":163},[65,87058,151],{"class":79},[65,87060,488],{"class":487},[65,87062,86185],{"class":491},[65,87064,488],{"class":487},[65,87066,87],{"class":79},[65,87068,499],{"class":487},[65,87070,60090],{"class":491},[65,87072,488],{"class":487},[65,87074,87],{"class":79},[65,87076,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87078,76],{"class":75},[65,87080,488],{"class":487},[65,87082,86207],{"class":491},[65,87084,488],{"class":487},[65,87086,157],{"class":79},[65,87088,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87090,86362],{"class":71},[65,87092,76],{"class":75},[65,87094,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87096,144],{"class":79},[65,87098,86233],{"class":147},[65,87100,8220],{"class":79},[65,87102,87103,87105,87107,87109],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87104,164],{"class":163},[65,87106,151],{"class":79},[65,87108,86244],{"class":147},[65,87110,157],{"class":79},[65,87112,87113,87115,87117,87119],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87114,86323],{"class":86216},[65,87116,144],{"class":79},[65,87118,86391],{"class":147},[65,87120,8220],{"class":79},[20,87122,87123],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[51,87125,87127],{"id":87126},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87129,87130,87131,87133],{},"Use mode ",[15,87132,86254],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1286,87135,87137],{"id":87136},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87139,87140,87142],{},[15,87141,86291],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[56,87144,87145],{"className":58,"code":86168,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,87146,87147,87189,87203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87148,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87150,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87152,86178],{"class":163},[65,87154,151],{"class":79},[65,87156,488],{"class":487},[65,87158,86185],{"class":491},[65,87160,488],{"class":487},[65,87162,87],{"class":79},[65,87164,499],{"class":487},[65,87166,60090],{"class":491},[65,87168,488],{"class":487},[65,87170,87],{"class":79},[65,87172,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87174,76],{"class":75},[65,87176,488],{"class":487},[65,87178,86207],{"class":491},[65,87180,488],{"class":487},[65,87182,172],{"class":79},[65,87184,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87186,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87188,5963],{"class":79},[65,87190,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87192,86224],{"class":71},[65,87194,76],{"class":75},[65,87196,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87198,144],{"class":79},[65,87200,86233],{"class":147},[65,87202,8220],{"class":79},[65,87204,87205,87207,87209,87211],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87206,7644],{"class":163},[65,87208,151],{"class":79},[65,87210,86244],{"class":147},[65,87212,157],{"class":79},[1286,87214,87216],{"id":87215},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87218,87219,87221],{},[15,87220,86296],{}," reads one line at a time.",[56,87223,87225],{"className":58,"code":87224,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87226,87227,87269,87285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87228,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87230,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87232,86178],{"class":163},[65,87234,151],{"class":79},[65,87236,488],{"class":487},[65,87238,86185],{"class":491},[65,87240,488],{"class":487},[65,87242,87],{"class":79},[65,87244,499],{"class":487},[65,87246,60090],{"class":491},[65,87248,488],{"class":487},[65,87250,87],{"class":79},[65,87252,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87254,76],{"class":75},[65,87256,488],{"class":487},[65,87258,86207],{"class":491},[65,87260,488],{"class":487},[65,87262,172],{"class":79},[65,87264,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87266,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87268,5963],{"class":79},[65,87270,87271,87274,87276,87278,87280,87283],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87272,87273],{"class":71},"    first_line ",[65,87275,76],{"class":75},[65,87277,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87279,144],{"class":79},[65,87281,87282],{"class":147},"readline",[65,87284,8220],{"class":79},[65,87286,87287,87289,87291,87294],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87288,7644],{"class":163},[65,87290,151],{"class":79},[65,87292,87293],{"class":147},"first_line",[65,87295,157],{"class":79},[1286,87297,87299],{"id":87298},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87301,87302],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[56,87304,87306],{"className":58,"code":87305,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87307,87308,87350,87364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87309,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87311,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87313,86178],{"class":163},[65,87315,151],{"class":79},[65,87317,488],{"class":487},[65,87319,86185],{"class":491},[65,87321,488],{"class":487},[65,87323,87],{"class":79},[65,87325,499],{"class":487},[65,87327,60090],{"class":491},[65,87329,488],{"class":487},[65,87331,87],{"class":79},[65,87333,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87335,76],{"class":75},[65,87337,488],{"class":487},[65,87339,86207],{"class":491},[65,87341,488],{"class":487},[65,87343,172],{"class":79},[65,87345,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87347,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87349,5963],{"class":79},[65,87351,87352,87355,87358,87360,87362],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87353,87354],{"class":3444},"    for",[65,87356,87357],{"class":71}," line ",[65,87359,3451],{"class":3444},[65,87361,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87363,5963],{"class":79},[65,87365,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87367,46922],{"class":163},[65,87369,151],{"class":79},[65,87371,67],{"class":147},[65,87373,144],{"class":79},[65,87375,8211],{"class":147},[65,87377,6766],{"class":79},[20,87379,87380,87381,214,87385,144],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[210,87382,87384],{"href":87383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[210,87386,87388],{"href":87387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[51,87390,87392],{"id":87391},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87394,1660,87395,87397],{},[15,87396,86571],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[56,87399,87401],{"className":58,"code":87400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87402,87403,87446,87467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87404,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87406,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87408,86178],{"class":163},[65,87410,151],{"class":79},[65,87412,488],{"class":487},[65,87414,87415],{"class":491},"output.txt",[65,87417,488],{"class":487},[65,87419,87],{"class":79},[65,87421,499],{"class":487},[65,87423,60073],{"class":491},[65,87425,488],{"class":487},[65,87427,87],{"class":79},[65,87429,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87431,76],{"class":75},[65,87433,488],{"class":487},[65,87435,86207],{"class":491},[65,87437,488],{"class":487},[65,87439,172],{"class":79},[65,87441,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87443,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87445,5963],{"class":79},[65,87447,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87461,87463,87465],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87449,86721],{"class":86216},[65,87451,144],{"class":79},[65,87453,69779],{"class":147},[65,87455,151],{"class":79},[65,87457,488],{"class":487},[65,87459,87460],{"class":491},"First line",[65,87462,86734],{"class":34030},[65,87464,488],{"class":487},[65,87466,157],{"class":79},[65,87468,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87482,87484,87486],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,87470,86721],{"class":86216},[65,87472,144],{"class":79},[65,87474,69779],{"class":147},[65,87476,151],{"class":79},[65,87478,488],{"class":487},[65,87480,87481],{"class":491},"Second line",[65,87483,86734],{"class":34030},[65,87485,488],{"class":487},[65,87487,157],{"class":79},[20,87489,1660,87490,87492],{},[15,87491,17671],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[56,87494,87496],{"className":58,"code":87495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87497,87498,87540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87499,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87501,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87503,86178],{"class":163},[65,87505,151],{"class":79},[65,87507,488],{"class":487},[65,87509,87415],{"class":491},[65,87511,488],{"class":487},[65,87513,87],{"class":79},[65,87515,499],{"class":487},[65,87517,210],{"class":491},[65,87519,488],{"class":487},[65,87521,87],{"class":79},[65,87523,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87525,76],{"class":75},[65,87527,488],{"class":487},[65,87529,86207],{"class":491},[65,87531,488],{"class":487},[65,87533,172],{"class":79},[65,87535,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87537,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87539,5963],{"class":79},[65,87541,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87555,87557,87559],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87543,86721],{"class":86216},[65,87545,144],{"class":79},[65,87547,69779],{"class":147},[65,87549,151],{"class":79},[65,87551,488],{"class":487},[65,87553,87554],{"class":491},"Third line",[65,87556,86734],{"class":34030},[65,87558,488],{"class":487},[65,87560,157],{"class":79},[20,87562,87563],{},"Important detail:",[33,87565,87566,87571,87578],{},[36,87567,87568,87570],{},[15,87569,86306],{}," writes a string",[36,87572,87573,13628,87575,87577],{},[15,87574,86306],{},[43,87576,45],{}," add a newline for you",[36,87579,87580,87581,87033],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87582,86734],{},[20,87584,87585,87586,214,87590,144],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[210,87587,87589],{"href":87588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[210,87591,87593],{"href":87592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[51,87595,87597],{"id":87596},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87599,87600],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1286,87602,87604],{"id":87603},"encodingutf-8",[15,87605,86551],{},[20,87607,87608],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[56,87610,87612],{"className":58,"code":87611,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87613,87614,87657],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87615,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87617,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87619,86178],{"class":163},[65,87621,151],{"class":79},[65,87623,488],{"class":487},[65,87625,87626],{"class":491},"message.txt",[65,87628,488],{"class":487},[65,87630,87],{"class":79},[65,87632,499],{"class":487},[65,87634,60090],{"class":491},[65,87636,488],{"class":487},[65,87638,87],{"class":79},[65,87640,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87642,76],{"class":75},[65,87644,488],{"class":487},[65,87646,86207],{"class":491},[65,87648,488],{"class":487},[65,87650,172],{"class":79},[65,87652,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87654,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87656,5963],{"class":79},[65,87658,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87660,7644],{"class":163},[65,87662,151],{"class":79},[65,87664,86323],{"class":86216},[65,87666,144],{"class":79},[65,87668,86233],{"class":147},[65,87670,6766],{"class":79},[20,87672,87673],{},"Why it matters:",[33,87675,87676,87679,87682],{},[36,87677,87678],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,87680,87681],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,87683,87684],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1286,87686,87688],{"id":87687},"newline",[15,87689,87687],{},[20,87691,87692],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87694,87695],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1286,87697,87699],{"id":87698},"buffering",[15,87700,87698],{},[20,87702,87703],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87705,87706],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[51,87708,87710],{"id":87709},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87712,87713],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1286,87715,87717],{"id":87716},"filenotfounderror",[15,87718,87719],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87721,87722],{},"This happens when:",[33,87724,87725,87728,87731],{},[36,87726,87727],{},"the file does not exist",[36,87729,87730],{},"the path is wrong",[36,87732,87733],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87735,267],{},[56,87737,87739],{"className":58,"code":87738,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87740,87741,87784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87744,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87746,86178],{"class":163},[65,87748,151],{"class":79},[65,87750,488],{"class":487},[65,87752,87753],{"class":491},"missing.txt",[65,87755,488],{"class":487},[65,87757,87],{"class":79},[65,87759,499],{"class":487},[65,87761,60090],{"class":491},[65,87763,488],{"class":487},[65,87765,87],{"class":79},[65,87767,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87769,76],{"class":75},[65,87771,488],{"class":487},[65,87773,86207],{"class":491},[65,87775,488],{"class":487},[65,87777,172],{"class":79},[65,87779,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87781,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87783,5963],{"class":79},[65,87785,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87787,7644],{"class":163},[65,87789,151],{"class":79},[65,87791,86323],{"class":86216},[65,87793,144],{"class":79},[65,87795,86233],{"class":147},[65,87797,6766],{"class":79},[20,87799,87800,87801,634,87809,144],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[210,87802,87804,87805,87808],{"href":87803},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[65,87806,87807],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[210,87810,87812],{"href":87811},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1286,87814,87816],{"id":87815},"permissionerror",[15,87817,87818],{},"PermissionError",[20,87820,87821],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87823,87824],{},"Example causes:",[33,87826,87827,87830,87833],{},[36,87828,87829],{},"the file is protected",[36,87831,87832],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,87834,87835],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87837,87838,87839],{},"Related page: ",[210,87840,87842,87843,87846],{"href":87841},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[65,87844,87845],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1286,87848,87850],{"id":87849},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87851,87852],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87854,87855],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87857,267],{},[56,87859,87861],{"className":58,"code":87860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87862,87863,87906],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87864,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87866,86175],{"class":3444},[65,87868,86178],{"class":163},[65,87870,151],{"class":79},[65,87872,488],{"class":487},[65,87874,87875],{"class":491},"my_folder",[65,87877,488],{"class":487},[65,87879,87],{"class":79},[65,87881,499],{"class":487},[65,87883,60090],{"class":491},[65,87885,488],{"class":487},[65,87887,87],{"class":79},[65,87889,86200],{"class":8754},[65,87891,76],{"class":75},[65,87893,488],{"class":487},[65,87895,86207],{"class":491},[65,87897,488],{"class":487},[65,87899,172],{"class":79},[65,87901,46942],{"class":3444},[65,87903,86217],{"class":86216},[65,87905,5963],{"class":79},[65,87907,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,87909,7644],{"class":163},[65,87911,151],{"class":79},[65,87913,86323],{"class":86216},[65,87915,144],{"class":79},[65,87917,86233],{"class":147},[65,87919,6766],{"class":79},[20,87921,87838,87922],{},[210,87923,87925,87926,87929],{"href":87924},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[65,87927,87928],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1286,87931,87933],{"id":87932},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87934,87935],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87937,87938,87939,144],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87940,86156],{},[20,87942,87838,87943],{},[210,87944,87946],{"href":87945},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[51,87948,87950],{"id":87949},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87952,87953,87954,87956],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87955,86156],{}," function.",[20,87958,87959],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,87961,87962,87965,87968,87974],{},[36,87963,87964],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,87966,87967],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,87969,87970,87971,87973],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87972,86156],{}," itself",[36,87975,87976,87977],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[210,87978,87980],{"href":87979},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[51,87982,2396],{"id":2395},[20,87984,87985,87986,191],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87987,86156],{},[33,87989,87990,87995,88001,88006,88009,88012],{},[36,87991,7994,87992,87994],{},[15,87993,86254],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,87996,87997,87998,88000],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87999,86455],{}," for text files",[36,88002,7994,88003,88005],{},[15,88004,86571],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,88007,88008],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,88010,88011],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,88013,88014],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88016,88017],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[56,88019,88021],{"className":58,"code":88020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88022,88023,88030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88024,88025,88027],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88026,34669],{"class":3444},[65,88028,88029],{"class":71}," os\n",[65,88031,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88043],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88033,164],{"class":163},[65,88035,151],{"class":79},[65,88037,42209],{"class":147},[65,88039,144],{"class":79},[65,88041,88042],{"class":147},"getcwd",[65,88044,6766],{"class":79},[20,88046,88047],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[56,88049,88051],{"className":58,"code":88050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88052,88053,88059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88054,88055,88057],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88056,34669],{"class":3444},[65,88058,88029],{"class":71},[65,88060,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88072,88074,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88062,164],{"class":163},[65,88064,151],{"class":79},[65,88066,42209],{"class":147},[65,88068,144],{"class":79},[65,88070,88071],{"class":24325},"path",[65,88073,144],{"class":79},[65,88075,88076],{"class":147},"exists",[65,88078,151],{"class":79},[65,88080,488],{"class":487},[65,88082,86185],{"class":491},[65,88084,488],{"class":487},[65,88086,1028],{"class":79},[20,88088,88089],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[56,88091,88093],{"className":58,"code":88092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88094,88095,88101],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88096,88097,88099],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88098,34669],{"class":3444},[65,88100,88029],{"class":71},[65,88102,88103,88105,88107,88109,88111,88113,88115,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88104,164],{"class":163},[65,88106,151],{"class":79},[65,88108,42209],{"class":147},[65,88110,144],{"class":79},[65,88112,88071],{"class":24325},[65,88114,144],{"class":79},[65,88116,88117],{"class":147},"isfile",[65,88119,151],{"class":79},[65,88121,488],{"class":487},[65,88123,86185],{"class":491},[65,88125,488],{"class":487},[65,88127,1028],{"class":79},[20,88129,88130],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[56,88132,88134],{"className":58,"code":88133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88135,88136,88178],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88137,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88139,86175],{"class":3444},[65,88141,86178],{"class":163},[65,88143,151],{"class":79},[65,88145,488],{"class":487},[65,88147,86185],{"class":491},[65,88149,488],{"class":487},[65,88151,87],{"class":79},[65,88153,499],{"class":487},[65,88155,60090],{"class":491},[65,88157,488],{"class":487},[65,88159,87],{"class":79},[65,88161,86200],{"class":8754},[65,88163,76],{"class":75},[65,88165,488],{"class":487},[65,88167,86207],{"class":491},[65,88169,488],{"class":487},[65,88171,172],{"class":79},[65,88173,46942],{"class":3444},[65,88175,86217],{"class":86216},[65,88177,5963],{"class":79},[65,88179,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88181,7644],{"class":163},[65,88183,151],{"class":79},[65,88185,86323],{"class":86216},[65,88187,144],{"class":79},[65,88189,86233],{"class":147},[65,88191,6766],{"class":79},[20,88193,88194],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[51,88196,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,88198,88200],{"id":88199},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88202,88203],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1286,88205,88207],{"id":88206},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88209,88210,88211,88213],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88212,86175],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1286,88215,1299,88217,634,88219,88221],{"id":88216},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88218,86571],{},[15,88220,17671],{}," mode?",[20,88223,88224,88226,88227,88229],{},[15,88225,86571],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88228,17671],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1286,88231,88233],{"id":88232},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88235,88236],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1286,88238,88240],{"id":88239},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88242,88243,88244,88246],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88245,86551],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[51,88248,1455],{"id":1454},[33,88250,88251,88255,88259,88263,88267,88271,88275,88281],{},[36,88252,88253],{},[210,88254,87384],{"href":87383},[36,88256,88257],{},[210,88258,87589],{"href":87588},[36,88260,88261],{},[210,88262,87593],{"href":87592},[36,88264,88265],{},[210,88266,87388],{"href":87387},[36,88268,88269],{},[210,88270,87980],{"href":87979},[36,88272,88273],{},[210,88274,87812],{"href":87811},[36,88276,88277],{},[210,88278,87804,88279,87808],{"href":87803},[65,88280,87807],{},[36,88282,88283],{},[210,88284,87842,88285,87846],{"href":87841},[65,88286,87845],{},[1499,88288,88289],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":88291},[88292,88293,88294,88295,88296,88297,88298,88303,88304,88309,88315,88316,88317,88325],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":86258,"depth":101,"text":86259},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":86555,"depth":101,"text":86556},{"id":86819,"depth":101,"text":86820},{"id":86943,"depth":101,"text":86944},{"id":87126,"depth":101,"text":87127,"children":88299},[88300,88301,88302],{"id":87136,"depth":126,"text":87137},{"id":87215,"depth":126,"text":87216},{"id":87298,"depth":126,"text":87299},{"id":87391,"depth":101,"text":87392},{"id":87596,"depth":101,"text":87597,"children":88305},[88306,88307,88308],{"id":87603,"depth":126,"text":86551},{"id":87687,"depth":126,"text":87687},{"id":87698,"depth":126,"text":87698},{"id":87709,"depth":101,"text":87710,"children":88310},[88311,88312,88313,88314],{"id":87716,"depth":126,"text":87719},{"id":87815,"depth":126,"text":87818},{"id":87849,"depth":126,"text":87852},{"id":87932,"depth":126,"text":87935},{"id":87949,"depth":101,"text":87950},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":88318},[88319,88320,88321,88323,88324],{"id":88199,"depth":126,"text":88200},{"id":88206,"depth":126,"text":88207},{"id":88216,"depth":126,"text":88322},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88232,"depth":126,"text":88233},{"id":88239,"depth":126,"text":88240},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86146,"description":88326},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88333,"title":88334,"body":88335,"description":90330,"extension":1528,"meta":90331,"navigation":129,"path":90332,"seo":90333,"stem":90334,"__hash__":90335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88336,"toc":90277},[88337,88342,88347,88353,88355,88423,88425,88444,88449,88454,88459,88462,88474,88476,88519,88521,88539,88550,88552,88554,88579,88581,88592,88594,88654,88656,88682,88685,88689,88694,88698,88701,88735,88739,88742,88767,88771,88794,88798,88831,88836,88840,88845,88848,88916,88918,88942,88947,88950,88981,88983,89015,89032,89036,89041,89065,89072,89077,89082,89085,89089,89124,89126,89135,89139,89230,89232,89263,89268,89275,89280,89289,89292,89326,89328,89342,89346,89387,89389,89398,89402,89450,89452,89466,89471,89482,89489,89495,89497,89532,89534,89548,89551,89573,89579,89608,89619,89625,89631,89645,89647,89726,89728,89778,89785,89787,89792,89796,89799,89814,89819,89821,89840,89846,89849,89864,89866,89884,89890,89895,89925,89928,89951,89954,89981,89988,89994,90002,90025,90030,90038,90040,90060,90064,90070,90120,90123,90145,90147,90153,90161,90167,90173,90181,90186,90190,90193,90216,90221,90228,90240,90242,90274],[10,88338,3143,88340,3147],{"id":88339},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88341,46036],{},[20,88343,31893,88344,88346],{},[15,88345,46036],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88348,88349,88350,88352],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88351,46036],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[51,88354,1570],{"id":1569},[56,88356,88358],{"className":58,"code":88357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88359,88360,88372,88381,88385,88395,88405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88361,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88363,7451],{"class":71},[65,88365,76],{"class":75},[65,88367,499],{"class":487},[65,88369,7496],{"class":491},[65,88371,2925],{"class":487},[65,88373,88374,88376,88378],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88375,21203],{"class":71},[65,88377,76],{"class":75},[65,88379,88380],{"class":83}," 12\n",[65,88382,88383],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88384,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,88386,88387,88389,88391,88393],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88388,164],{"class":163},[65,88390,151],{"class":79},[65,88392,7241],{"class":147},[65,88394,157],{"class":79},[65,88396,88397,88399,88401,88403],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,88398,164],{"class":163},[65,88400,151],{"class":79},[65,88402,8877],{"class":147},[65,88404,157],{"class":79},[65,88406,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,88408,164],{"class":163},[65,88410,151],{"class":79},[65,88412,488],{"class":487},[65,88414,34445],{"class":491},[65,88416,488],{"class":487},[65,88418,87],{"class":79},[65,88420,35571],{"class":147},[65,88422,157],{"class":79},[20,88424,350],{},[56,88426,88428],{"className":58,"code":88427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88429,88430,88435,88439],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88431,88432],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88433,88434],{"class":71},"Mia\n",[65,88436,88437],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88438,1793],{"class":83},[65,88440,88441],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88442,88443],{"class":71},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88445,1660,88446,88448],{},[15,88447,46036],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[51,88450,183,88452,186],{"id":88451},"what-print-does",[15,88453,46036],{},[20,88455,88456,88458],{},[15,88457,46036],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88460,88461],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,88463,88464,88466,88468,88471],{},[36,88465,34286],{},[36,88467,3215],{},[36,88469,88470],{},"variables",[36,88472,88473],{},"expressions",[20,88475,267],{},[56,88477,88479],{"className":58,"code":88478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88480,88481,88495,88505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88482,88483,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88484,164],{"class":163},[65,88486,151],{"class":79},[65,88488,488],{"class":487},[65,88490,34445],{"class":491},[65,88492,488],{"class":487},[65,88494,157],{"class":79},[65,88496,88497,88499,88501,88503],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88498,164],{"class":163},[65,88500,151],{"class":79},[65,88502,1705],{"class":83},[65,88504,157],{"class":79},[65,88506,88507,88509,88511,88513,88515,88517],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88508,164],{"class":163},[65,88510,151],{"class":79},[65,88512,1624],{"class":83},[65,88514,2022],{"class":75},[65,88516,95],{"class":83},[65,88518,157],{"class":79},[20,88520,350],{},[56,88522,88524],{"className":58,"code":88523,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88525,88526,88531,88535],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88527,88528],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88529,88530],{"class":71},"Hello\n",[65,88532,88533],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88534,2513],{"class":83},[65,88536,88537],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88538,2513],{"class":83},[20,88540,88541,88542,88544,88545,88549],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88543,46036],{}," ",[43,88546,3257,88547],{},[15,88548,3344],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[51,88551,222],{"id":221},[20,88553,30300],{},[56,88555,88557],{"className":58,"code":88556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88558,88559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88560,88561,88563,88565,88568,88570,88573,88575,88577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88562,164],{"class":163},[65,88564,151],{"class":79},[65,88566,88567],{"class":147},"object1",[65,88569,87],{"class":79},[65,88571,88572],{"class":147}," object2",[65,88574,87],{"class":79},[65,88576,34031],{"class":163},[65,88578,157],{"class":79},[20,88580,79787],{},[33,88582,88583,88586,88589],{},[36,88584,88585],{},"one value",[36,88587,88588],{},"many values",[36,88590,88591],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88593,267],{},[56,88595,88597],{"className":58,"code":88596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88598,88599,88613,88632],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88600,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88602,164],{"class":163},[65,88604,151],{"class":79},[65,88606,488],{"class":487},[65,88608,57353],{"class":491},[65,88610,488],{"class":487},[65,88612,157],{"class":79},[65,88614,88615,88617,88619,88621,88624,88626,88628,88630],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88616,164],{"class":163},[65,88618,151],{"class":79},[65,88620,488],{"class":487},[65,88622,88623],{"class":491},"Score:",[65,88625,488],{"class":487},[65,88627,87],{"class":79},[65,88629,5574],{"class":83},[65,88631,157],{"class":79},[65,88633,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88635,164],{"class":163},[65,88637,151],{"class":79},[65,88639,488],{"class":487},[65,88641,45147],{"class":491},[65,88643,488],{"class":487},[65,88645,87],{"class":79},[65,88647,116],{"class":83},[65,88649,2022],{"class":75},[65,88651,37224],{"class":83},[65,88653,157],{"class":79},[20,88655,350],{},[56,88657,88659],{"className":58,"code":88658,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88660,88661,88665,88674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88662,88663],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88664,84937],{"class":71},[65,88666,88667,88670,88672],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88668,88669],{"class":71},"Score",[65,88671,191],{"class":79},[65,88673,2153],{"class":83},[65,88675,88676,88678,88680],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88677,45187],{"class":71},[65,88679,191],{"class":79},[65,88681,2153],{"class":83},[20,88683,88684],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[51,88686,88688],{"id":88687},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88690,88691,88692,144],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88693,46036],{},[1286,88695,88697],{"id":88696},"print-text","Print text",[20,88699,88700],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[56,88702,88704],{"className":58,"code":88703,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88705,88706,88720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88707,88708,88710,88712,88714,88716,88718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88709,164],{"class":163},[65,88711,151],{"class":79},[65,88713,488],{"class":487},[65,88715,34445],{"class":491},[65,88717,488],{"class":487},[65,88719,157],{"class":79},[65,88721,88722,88724,88726,88728,88731,88733],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88723,164],{"class":163},[65,88725,151],{"class":79},[65,88727,488],{"class":487},[65,88729,88730],{"class":491},"Python is fun",[65,88732,488],{"class":487},[65,88734,157],{"class":79},[1286,88736,88738],{"id":88737},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88740,88741],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[56,88743,88745],{"className":58,"code":88744,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88746,88747,88757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88748,88749,88751,88753,88755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88750,164],{"class":163},[65,88752,151],{"class":79},[65,88754,1705],{"class":83},[65,88756,157],{"class":79},[65,88758,88759,88761,88763,88765],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88760,164],{"class":163},[65,88762,151],{"class":79},[65,88764,39725],{"class":83},[65,88766,157],{"class":79},[1286,88768,88770],{"id":88769},"print-variables","Print variables",[56,88772,88774],{"className":58,"code":88773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88775,88776,88784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88777,88778,88780,88782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88779,4664],{"class":71},[65,88781,76],{"class":75},[65,88783,13705],{"class":83},[65,88785,88786,88788,88790,88792],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88787,164],{"class":163},[65,88789,151],{"class":79},[65,88791,85101],{"class":147},[65,88793,157],{"class":79},[1286,88795,88797],{"id":88796},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[56,88799,88801],{"className":58,"code":88800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88802,88803,88817],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88804,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88806,164],{"class":163},[65,88808,151],{"class":79},[65,88810,1624],{"class":83},[65,88812,2022],{"class":75},[65,88814,95],{"class":83},[65,88816,157],{"class":79},[65,88818,88819,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88820,164],{"class":163},[65,88822,151],{"class":79},[65,88824,1898],{"class":83},[65,88826,82413],{"class":75},[65,88828,116],{"class":83},[65,88830,157],{"class":79},[20,88832,88833,88834,144],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[210,88835,50561],{"href":50560},[51,88837,88839],{"id":88838},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88841,88842,88844],{},[15,88843,46036],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88846,88847],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[56,88849,88851],{"className":58,"code":88850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88852,88853,88866,88874,88878,88897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88854,88855,88857,88859,88861,88864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88856,7451],{"class":71},[65,88858,76],{"class":75},[65,88860,499],{"class":487},[65,88862,88863],{"class":491},"Ava",[65,88865,2925],{"class":487},[65,88867,88868,88870,88872],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88869,21203],{"class":71},[65,88871,76],{"class":75},[65,88873,2153],{"class":83},[65,88875,88876],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,88877,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,88879,88880,88882,88884,88886,88889,88891,88893,88895],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88881,164],{"class":163},[65,88883,151],{"class":79},[65,88885,488],{"class":487},[65,88887,88888],{"class":491},"Name:",[65,88890,488],{"class":487},[65,88892,87],{"class":79},[65,88894,35571],{"class":147},[65,88896,157],{"class":79},[65,88898,88899,88901,88903,88905,88908,88910,88912,88914],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,88900,164],{"class":163},[65,88902,151],{"class":79},[65,88904,488],{"class":487},[65,88906,88907],{"class":491},"Age:",[65,88909,488],{"class":487},[65,88911,87],{"class":79},[65,88913,8767],{"class":147},[65,88915,157],{"class":79},[20,88917,350],{},[56,88919,88921],{"className":58,"code":88920,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88922,88923,88933],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88924,88925,88928,88930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88926,88927],{"class":71},"Name",[65,88929,191],{"class":79},[65,88931,88932],{"class":71}," Ava\n",[65,88934,88935,88938,88940],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88936,88937],{"class":71},"Age",[65,88939,191],{"class":79},[65,88941,2153],{"class":83},[20,88943,88944,88945,144],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88946,1627],{},[20,88948,88949],{},"For example, this works:",[56,88951,88953],{"className":58,"code":88952,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88954,88955,88963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88956,88957,88959,88961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88958,21203],{"class":71},[65,88960,76],{"class":75},[65,88962,2153],{"class":83},[65,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88966,164],{"class":163},[65,88968,151],{"class":79},[65,88970,488],{"class":487},[65,88972,88907],{"class":491},[65,88974,488],{"class":487},[65,88976,87],{"class":79},[65,88978,8767],{"class":147},[65,88980,157],{"class":79},[20,88982,36506],{},[56,88984,88986],{"className":58,"code":88985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88987,88988,88996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88989,88990,88992,88994],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88991,21203],{"class":71},[65,88993,76],{"class":75},[65,88995,2153],{"class":83},[65,88997,88998,89000,89002,89004,89007,89009,89011,89013],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,88999,164],{"class":163},[65,89001,151],{"class":79},[65,89003,488],{"class":487},[65,89005,89006],{"class":491},"Age: ",[65,89008,488],{"class":487},[65,89010,2022],{"class":75},[65,89012,8767],{"class":147},[65,89014,157],{"class":79},[20,89016,89017,89018,89021,89022,89024,89025,89027,89028,144],{},"That fails because ",[15,89019,89020],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89023,8877],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89026,1627],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[210,89029,89030],{"href":41758},[15,89031,47268],{},[51,89033,89035],{"id":89034},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89037,89038,89040],{},[15,89039,46036],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,89042,89043,89049,89054,89059],{},[36,89044,89045,89048],{},[15,89046,89047],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,89050,89051,89053],{},[15,89052,52246],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,89055,89056,89058],{},[15,89057,86323],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,89060,89061,89064],{},[15,89062,89063],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89066,89067,89068,634,89070,144],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89069,89047],{},[15,89071,52246],{},[51,89073,89075,36195],{"id":89074},"sep-argument",[15,89076,89047],{},[20,89078,1545,89079,89081],{},[15,89080,89047],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89083,89084],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1286,89086,89088],{"id":89087},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[56,89090,89092],{"className":58,"code":89091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89093,89094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89095,89096,89098,89100,89102,89104,89106,89108,89110,89112,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89097,164],{"class":163},[65,89099,151],{"class":79},[65,89101,488],{"class":487},[65,89103,492],{"class":491},[65,89105,488],{"class":487},[65,89107,87],{"class":79},[65,89109,499],{"class":487},[65,89111,511],{"class":491},[65,89113,488],{"class":487},[65,89115,87],{"class":79},[65,89117,499],{"class":487},[65,89119,502],{"class":491},[65,89121,488],{"class":487},[65,89123,157],{"class":79},[20,89125,350],{},[56,89127,89129],{"className":58,"code":89128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red green blue\n",[15,89130,89131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89132,89133],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89134,89128],{"class":71},[1286,89136,89138],{"id":89137},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[56,89140,89142],{"className":58,"code":89141,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89143,89144,89187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89145,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172,89174,89177,89179,89181,89183,89185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89147,164],{"class":163},[65,89149,151],{"class":79},[65,89151,488],{"class":487},[65,89153,492],{"class":491},[65,89155,488],{"class":487},[65,89157,87],{"class":79},[65,89159,499],{"class":487},[65,89161,511],{"class":491},[65,89163,488],{"class":487},[65,89165,87],{"class":79},[65,89167,499],{"class":487},[65,89169,502],{"class":491},[65,89171,488],{"class":487},[65,89173,87],{"class":79},[65,89175,89176],{"class":8754}," sep",[65,89178,76],{"class":75},[65,89180,488],{"class":487},[65,89182,87],{"class":491},[65,89184,488],{"class":487},[65,89186,157],{"class":79},[65,89188,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89226,89228],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89190,164],{"class":163},[65,89192,151],{"class":79},[65,89194,488],{"class":487},[65,89196,492],{"class":491},[65,89198,488],{"class":487},[65,89200,87],{"class":79},[65,89202,499],{"class":487},[65,89204,511],{"class":491},[65,89206,488],{"class":487},[65,89208,87],{"class":79},[65,89210,499],{"class":487},[65,89212,502],{"class":491},[65,89214,488],{"class":487},[65,89216,87],{"class":79},[65,89218,89176],{"class":8754},[65,89220,76],{"class":75},[65,89222,488],{"class":487},[65,89224,89225],{"class":491}," - ",[65,89227,488],{"class":487},[65,89229,157],{"class":79},[20,89231,350],{},[56,89233,89235],{"className":58,"code":89234,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89236,89237,89249],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89238,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89240,492],{"class":71},[65,89242,87],{"class":79},[65,89244,511],{"class":71},[65,89246,87],{"class":79},[65,89248,69565],{"class":71},[65,89250,89251,89254,89256,89259,89261],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89252,89253],{"class":71},"red ",[65,89255,1589],{"class":75},[65,89257,89258],{"class":71}," green ",[65,89260,1589],{"class":75},[65,89262,35460],{"class":71},[20,89264,89265,89267],{},[15,89266,89047],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89269,89270,89271,144],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[210,89272,89274],{"href":89273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[51,89276,89278,36195],{"id":89277},"end-argument",[15,89279,52246],{},[20,89281,89282,89283,89285,89286,89288],{},"By default, ",[15,89284,46036],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89287,46036],{}," starts on a new line.",[1286,89290,89088],{"id":89291},"default-behavior-1",[56,89293,89295],{"className":58,"code":89294,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89296,89297,89311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89298,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89300,164],{"class":163},[65,89302,151],{"class":79},[65,89304,488],{"class":487},[65,89306,34445],{"class":491},[65,89308,488],{"class":487},[65,89310,157],{"class":79},[65,89312,89313,89315,89317,89319,89322,89324],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89314,164],{"class":163},[65,89316,151],{"class":79},[65,89318,488],{"class":487},[65,89320,89321],{"class":491},"World",[65,89323,488],{"class":487},[65,89325,157],{"class":79},[20,89327,350],{},[56,89329,89331],{"className":58,"code":89330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89332,89333,89337],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89334,89335],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89336,88530],{"class":71},[65,89338,89339],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89340,89341],{"class":71},"World\n",[1286,89343,89345],{"id":89344},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[56,89347,89349],{"className":58,"code":89348,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89350,89351,89373],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89352,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89354,164],{"class":163},[65,89356,151],{"class":79},[65,89358,488],{"class":487},[65,89360,34445],{"class":491},[65,89362,488],{"class":487},[65,89364,87],{"class":79},[65,89366,64625],{"class":8754},[65,89368,76],{"class":75},[65,89370,5842],{"class":487},[65,89372,157],{"class":79},[65,89374,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89376,164],{"class":163},[65,89378,151],{"class":79},[65,89380,488],{"class":487},[65,89382,89321],{"class":491},[65,89384,488],{"class":487},[65,89386,157],{"class":79},[20,89388,350],{},[56,89390,89392],{"className":58,"code":89391,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89393,89394],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89395,89396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89397,89391],{"class":71},[1286,89399,89401],{"id":89400},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[56,89403,89405],{"className":58,"code":89404,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89406,89407,89436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89408,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423,89425,89427,89430,89432,89434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89410,164],{"class":163},[65,89412,151],{"class":79},[65,89414,488],{"class":487},[65,89416,34445],{"class":491},[65,89418,488],{"class":487},[65,89420,87],{"class":79},[65,89422,64625],{"class":8754},[65,89424,76],{"class":75},[65,89426,488],{"class":487},[65,89428,89429],{"class":491},"!",[65,89431,86734],{"class":34030},[65,89433,488],{"class":487},[65,89435,157],{"class":79},[65,89437,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89439,164],{"class":163},[65,89441,151],{"class":79},[65,89443,488],{"class":487},[65,89445,89321],{"class":491},[65,89447,488],{"class":487},[65,89449,157],{"class":79},[20,89451,350],{},[56,89453,89455],{"className":58,"code":89454,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89456,89457,89462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89458,89459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89460,89461],{"class":71},"Hello!\n",[65,89463,89464],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89465,89341],{"class":71},[20,89467,1545,89468,89470],{},[15,89469,52246],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,89472,89473,89476,89479],{},[36,89474,89475],{},"progress messages",[36,89477,89478],{},"inline output",[36,89480,89481],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[51,89483,89485,1965,89487],{"id":89484},"print-returns-none",[15,89486,46036],{},[15,89488,3344],{},[20,89490,89491,89492,89494],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89493,46036],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89496,267],{},[56,89498,89500],{"className":58,"code":89499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89501,89502,89522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89503,89504,89506,89508,89511,89513,89515,89518,89520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89505,136],{"class":71},[65,89507,76],{"class":75},[65,89509,89510],{"class":163}," print",[65,89512,151],{"class":79},[65,89514,488],{"class":487},[65,89516,89517],{"class":491},"Hi",[65,89519,488],{"class":487},[65,89521,157],{"class":79},[65,89523,89524,89526,89528,89530],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89525,164],{"class":163},[65,89527,151],{"class":79},[65,89529,169],{"class":147},[65,89531,157],{"class":79},[20,89533,350],{},[56,89535,89537],{"className":58,"code":89536,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89538,89539,89544],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89540,89541],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89542,89543],{"class":71},"Hi\n",[65,89545,89546],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89547,11383],{"class":3419},[20,89549,89550],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,89552,89553,89561,89566],{},[36,89554,89555,89558,89559],{},[15,89556,89557],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89560,89517],{},[36,89562,89563,89564],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89565,3344],{},[36,89567,89568,89569,11495,89571],{},"so ",[15,89570,169],{},[15,89572,3344],{},[20,89574,89575,89576,89578],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89577,46036],{}," call.",[56,89580,89582],{"className":58,"code":89581,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89583,89584,89597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89585,89586,89589,89591,89593,89595],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89587,89588],{"class":71},"message ",[65,89590,76],{"class":75},[65,89592,499],{"class":487},[65,89594,89517],{"class":491},[65,89596,2925],{"class":487},[65,89598,89599,89601,89603,89606],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89600,164],{"class":163},[65,89602,151],{"class":79},[65,89604,89605],{"class":147},"message",[65,89607,157],{"class":79},[20,89609,89610,89611,89613,89614,89618],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89612,46036],{}," with functions like ",[210,89615,89616],{"href":7795},[15,89617,2524],{},", which do return a value.",[51,89620,89622,89623],{"id":89621},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89624,46036],{},[20,89626,89627,89628,89630],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89629,46036],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,89632,89633,89636,89639,89642],{},[36,89634,89635],{},"to display results to the user",[36,89637,89638],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,89640,89641],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,89643,89644],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89646,267],{},[56,89648,89650],{"className":58,"code":89649,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89651,89652,89660,89664,89684,89695],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89653,89654,89656,89658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89655,40765],{"class":71},[65,89657,76],{"class":75},[65,89659,38094],{"class":83},[65,89661,89662],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89663,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,89665,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,89667,5527],{"class":3444},[65,89669,5956],{"class":71},[65,89671,3451],{"class":3444},[65,89673,53656],{"class":163},[65,89675,151],{"class":79},[65,89677,84],{"class":83},[65,89679,87],{"class":79},[65,89681,116],{"class":83},[65,89683,7918],{"class":79},[65,89685,89686,89689,89692],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89687,89688],{"class":71},"    total ",[65,89690,89691],{"class":75},"+=",[65,89693,89694],{"class":71}," number\n",[65,89696,89697,89699,89701,89703,89706,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,89698,7644],{"class":163},[65,89700,151],{"class":79},[65,89702,488],{"class":487},[65,89704,89705],{"class":491},"Current number:",[65,89707,488],{"class":487},[65,89709,87],{"class":79},[65,89711,1765],{"class":147},[65,89713,87],{"class":79},[65,89715,499],{"class":487},[65,89717,45147],{"class":491},[65,89719,488],{"class":487},[65,89721,87],{"class":79},[65,89723,45154],{"class":147},[65,89725,157],{"class":79},[20,89727,350],{},[56,89729,89731],{"className":58,"code":89730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89732,89733,89749,89763],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89734,89735,89738,89740,89742,89745,89747],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89736,89737],{"class":71},"Current number",[65,89739,191],{"class":79},[65,89741,5066],{"class":83},[65,89743,89744],{"class":71}," Total",[65,89746,191],{"class":79},[65,89748,29190],{"class":83},[65,89750,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89752,89737],{"class":71},[65,89754,191],{"class":79},[65,89756,90],{"class":83},[65,89758,89744],{"class":71},[65,89760,191],{"class":79},[65,89762,2144],{"class":83},[65,89764,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,89766,89737],{"class":71},[65,89768,191],{"class":79},[65,89770,95],{"class":83},[65,89772,89744],{"class":71},[65,89774,191],{"class":79},[65,89776,89777],{"class":83}," 6\n",[20,89779,89780,89781,144],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[210,89782,89784],{"href":89783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[51,89786,2396],{"id":2395},[20,89788,89789,89790,144],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89791,46036],{},[1286,89793,89795],{"id":89794},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89797,89798],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[56,89800,89802],{"className":58,"code":89801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89803,89804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89805,89806,89808,89810,89812],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89807,164],{"class":163},[65,89809,151],{"class":79},[65,89811,34445],{"class":147},[65,89813,157],{"class":79},[20,89815,8453,89816,89818],{},[15,89817,34445],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89820,10383],{},[56,89822,89824],{"className":58,"code":89823,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89825,89826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89827,89828,89830,89832,89834,89836,89838],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89829,164],{"class":163},[65,89831,151],{"class":79},[65,89833,488],{"class":487},[65,89835,34445],{"class":491},[65,89837,488],{"class":487},[65,89839,157],{"class":79},[1286,89841,7994,89843,89845],{"id":89842},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89844,164],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89847,89848],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[56,89850,89852],{"className":58,"code":89851,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89853,89854],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89855,89856,89858,89860,89862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89857,164],{"class":163},[65,89859,499],{"class":487},[65,89861,34445],{"class":491},[65,89863,2925],{"class":487},[20,89865,10383],{},[56,89867,89868],{"className":58,"code":89823,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,89869,89870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89871,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89873,164],{"class":163},[65,89875,151],{"class":79},[65,89877,488],{"class":487},[65,89879,34445],{"class":491},[65,89881,488],{"class":487},[65,89883,157],{"class":79},[1286,89885,89887,89888],{"id":89886},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89889,1627],{},[20,89891,89892,89893,144],{},"This causes a ",[15,89894,2571],{},[56,89896,89897],{"className":58,"code":88985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,89898,89899,89907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89900,89901,89903,89905],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89902,21203],{"class":71},[65,89904,76],{"class":75},[65,89906,2153],{"class":83},[65,89908,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89921,89923],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,89910,164],{"class":163},[65,89912,151],{"class":79},[65,89914,488],{"class":487},[65,89916,89006],{"class":491},[65,89918,488],{"class":487},[65,89920,2022],{"class":75},[65,89922,8767],{"class":147},[65,89924,157],{"class":79},[20,89926,89927],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[56,89929,89931],{"className":58,"code":89930,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89932,89933],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89934,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89936,164],{"class":163},[65,89938,151],{"class":79},[65,89940,488],{"class":487},[65,89942,88907],{"class":491},[65,89944,488],{"class":487},[65,89946,87],{"class":79},[65,89948,8767],{"class":147},[65,89950,157],{"class":79},[20,89952,89953],{},"Or convert the number first:",[56,89955,89957],{"className":58,"code":89956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89958,89959],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89960,89961,89963,89965,89967,89969,89971,89973,89975,89977,89979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89962,164],{"class":163},[65,89964,151],{"class":79},[65,89966,488],{"class":487},[65,89968,89006],{"class":491},[65,89970,488],{"class":487},[65,89972,2022],{"class":75},[65,89974,48489],{"class":1259},[65,89976,151],{"class":79},[65,89978,8877],{"class":147},[65,89980,1028],{"class":79},[20,89982,89983,89984,144],{},"If you see this error, read ",[210,89985,89987],{"href":89986},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1286,89989,8030,89991,89993],{"id":89990},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89992,46036],{}," to return a value",[20,89995,89996,89997,34908,90000,191],{},"This does not store ",[15,89998,89999],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90001,169],{},[56,90003,90005],{"className":58,"code":90004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90006,90007],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90008,90009,90011,90013,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90010,136],{"class":71},[65,90012,76],{"class":75},[65,90014,89510],{"class":163},[65,90016,151],{"class":79},[65,90018,488],{"class":487},[65,90020,34445],{"class":491},[65,90022,488],{"class":487},[65,90024,157],{"class":79},[20,90026,90027,90028,144],{},"It stores ",[15,90029,3344],{},[1286,90031,90033,90034,634,90036],{"id":90032},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90035,89047],{},[15,90037,52246],{},[20,90039,85393],{},[33,90041,90042,90051],{},[36,90043,90044,90046,90047,90050],{},[15,90045,89047],{}," changes what goes ",[43,90048,90049],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,90052,90053,90055,90056,90059],{},[15,90054,52246],{}," changes what appears ",[43,90057,90058],{},"after"," the output",[51,90061,90063],{"id":90062},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90065,90066,90067,90069],{},"These simple ",[15,90068,46036],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[56,90071,90073],{"className":58,"code":90072,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90074,90075,90095,90110],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90076,90077,90079,90081,90083,90086,90088,90090,90093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90078,164],{"class":163},[65,90080,151],{"class":79},[65,90082,488],{"class":487},[65,90084,90085],{"class":491},"Debug:",[65,90087,488],{"class":487},[65,90089,87],{"class":79},[65,90091,90092],{"class":147}," variable_name",[65,90094,157],{"class":79},[65,90096,90097,90099,90101,90103,90105,90108],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,90098,164],{"class":163},[65,90100,151],{"class":79},[65,90102,1260],{"class":1259},[65,90104,151],{"class":79},[65,90106,90107],{"class":147},"variable_name",[65,90109,1028],{"class":79},[65,90111,90112,90114,90116,90118],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,90113,31728],{"class":163},[65,90115,151],{"class":79},[65,90117,164],{"class":163},[65,90119,157],{"class":79},[20,90121,90122],{},"What they do:",[33,90124,90125,90131,90137],{},[36,90126,90127,90130],{},[15,90128,90129],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,90132,90133,90136],{},[15,90134,90135],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,90138,90139,90142,90143],{},[15,90140,90141],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90144,46036],{},[51,90146,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,90148,1289,90150,90152],{"id":90149},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90151,46036],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90154,90155,90156,90158,90159,36201],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90157,46036],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90160,52246],{},[1286,90162,4739,90164,90166],{"id":90163},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90165,46036],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90168,90169,90170,90172],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90171,46036],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1286,90174,4727,90176,4730,90179,1304],{"id":90175},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90177,90178],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90180,3344],{},[20,90182,28636,90183,90185],{},[15,90184,46036],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1286,90187,90189],{"id":90188},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90191,90192],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[56,90194,90196],{"className":58,"code":90195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90197,90198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90199,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90201,164],{"class":163},[65,90203,151],{"class":79},[65,90205,488],{"class":487},[65,90207,88907],{"class":491},[65,90209,488],{"class":487},[65,90211,87],{"class":79},[65,90213,5574],{"class":83},[65,90215,157],{"class":79},[20,90217,90218,90219,39511],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90220,47268],{},[1286,90222,1299,90224,634,90226,1304],{"id":90223},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90225,89047],{},[15,90227,52246],{},[33,90229,90230,90235],{},[36,90231,90232,90234],{},[15,90233,89047],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,90236,90237,90239],{},[15,90238,52246],{}," changes what appears after the output",[51,90241,1455],{"id":1454},[33,90243,90244,90248,90254,90260,90265,90270],{},[36,90245,90246],{},[210,90247,50561],{"href":50560},[36,90249,90250],{},[210,90251,3143,90252,3076],{"href":7795},[15,90253,2524],{},[36,90255,90256],{},[210,90257,3143,90258,3076],{"href":41758},[15,90259,47268],{},[36,90261,90262],{},[210,90263,90264],{"href":89273},"How to format strings in Python",[36,90266,90267],{},[210,90268,90269],{"href":89783},"How to debug Python code",[36,90271,90272],{},[210,90273,89987],{"href":89986},[1499,90275,90276],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":90278},[90279,90280,90282,90283,90289,90290,90291,90296,90302,90304,90306,90317,90318,90329],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":88451,"depth":101,"text":90281},"What print() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":88687,"depth":101,"text":88688,"children":90284},[90285,90286,90287,90288],{"id":88696,"depth":126,"text":88697},{"id":88737,"depth":126,"text":88738},{"id":88769,"depth":126,"text":88770},{"id":88796,"depth":126,"text":88797},{"id":88838,"depth":101,"text":88839},{"id":89034,"depth":101,"text":89035},{"id":89074,"depth":101,"text":90292,"children":90293},"sep argument",[90294,90295],{"id":89087,"depth":126,"text":89088},{"id":89137,"depth":126,"text":89138},{"id":89277,"depth":101,"text":90297,"children":90298},"end argument",[90299,90300,90301],{"id":89291,"depth":126,"text":89088},{"id":89344,"depth":126,"text":89345},{"id":89400,"depth":126,"text":89401},{"id":89484,"depth":101,"text":90303},"print() returns None",{"id":89621,"depth":101,"text":90305},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":90307},[90308,90309,90311,90313,90315],{"id":89794,"depth":126,"text":89795},{"id":89842,"depth":126,"text":90310},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89886,"depth":126,"text":90312},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89990,"depth":126,"text":90314},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90032,"depth":126,"text":90316},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90062,"depth":101,"text":90063},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":90319},[90320,90322,90324,90326,90327],{"id":90149,"depth":126,"text":90321},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90163,"depth":126,"text":90323},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90175,"depth":126,"text":90325},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90188,"depth":126,"text":90189},{"id":90223,"depth":126,"text":90328},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88334,"description":90330},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90337,"title":90338,"body":90339,"description":92643,"extension":1528,"meta":92644,"navigation":129,"path":92645,"seo":92646,"stem":92647,"__hash__":92648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90340,"toc":92589},[90341,90346,90351,90364,90366,90431,90442,90447,90452,90454,90477,90480,90511,90513,90530,90535,90541,90546,90595,90598,90615,90621,90626,90649,90651,90679,90685,90693,90720,90722,90747,90753,90756,90787,90789,90818,90822,90825,90830,90852,90854,90882,90888,90894,90920,90922,90946,90952,90958,90988,90990,91018,91028,91032,91038,91071,91073,91102,91105,91108,91141,91143,91151,91157,91159,91182,91187,91196,91201,91215,91217,91257,91259,91289,91293,91328,91334,91338,91382,91384,91414,91420,91423,91502,91504,91526,91534,91537,91600,91608,91683,91689,91696,91701,91706,91729,91731,91752,91754,91767,91769,91816,91818,91857,91866,91868,91872,91876,91879,91906,91909,91938,91941,91965,91968,91976,91982,92004,92006,92034,92038,92043,92098,92103,92105,92162,92169,92178,92181,92213,92215,92223,92226,92232,92234,92257,92260,92266,92269,92288,92290,92309,92312,92334,92336,92364,92368,92372,92477,92479,92492,92494,92500,92503,92511,92516,92522,92528,92533,92541,92547,92554,92556,92586],[10,90342,3143,90344,3147],{"id":90343},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90345,35778],{},[20,90347,31893,90348,90350],{},[15,90349,35778],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90352,90353,90354,90356,90357,90359,90360,90363],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90355,5527],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90358,35778],{}," stops ",[43,90361,90362],{},"before"," the end value.",[51,90365,1570],{"id":1569},[56,90367,90369],{"className":58,"code":90368,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90370,90371,90387,90397,90401,90406,90411,90416,90421,90426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90372,90373,90375,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90374,5527],{"class":3444},[65,90376,69132],{"class":71},[65,90378,3451],{"class":3444},[65,90380,53656],{"class":163},[65,90382,151],{"class":79},[65,90384,1705],{"class":83},[65,90386,7918],{"class":79},[65,90388,90389,90391,90393,90395],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,90390,7644],{"class":163},[65,90392,151],{"class":79},[65,90394,35734],{"class":147},[65,90396,157],{"class":79},[65,90398,90399],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,90400,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,90402,90403],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90404,90405],{"class":175},"# Output:\n",[65,90407,90408],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,90409,90410],{"class":175},"# 0\n",[65,90412,90413],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,90414,90415],{"class":175},"# 1\n",[65,90417,90418],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,90419,90420],{"class":175},"# 2\n",[65,90422,90423],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,90424,90425],{"class":175},"# 3\n",[65,90427,90428],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,90429,90430],{"class":175},"# 4\n",[20,90432,90433,90436,90437,90439,90440,144],{},[15,90434,90435],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90438,1688],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90441,1705],{},[51,90443,183,90445,186],{"id":90444},"what-range-does",[15,90446,35778],{},[20,90448,90449,90451],{},[15,90450,35778],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90453,12628],{},[33,90455,90456,90461,90467,90472],{},[36,90457,90458,90460],{},[15,90459,35778],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,90462,90463,90464,90466],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90465,5527],{}," loops",[36,90468,90469,90470],{},"The stop value is ",[43,90471,64654],{},[36,90473,16997,90474,90476],{},[15,90475,59583],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90478,90479],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[56,90481,90483],{"className":58,"code":90482,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90484,90485,90501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90486,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90488,5527],{"class":3444},[65,90490,5956],{"class":71},[65,90492,3451],{"class":3444},[65,90494,53656],{"class":163},[65,90496,151],{"class":79},[65,90498,111],{"class":83},[65,90500,7918],{"class":79},[65,90502,90503,90505,90507,90509],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,90504,7644],{"class":163},[65,90506,151],{"class":79},[65,90508,1807],{"class":147},[65,90510,157],{"class":79},[20,90512,350],{},[56,90514,90516],{"className":58,"code":90515,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90517,90518,90522,90526],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90519,90520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90521,46836],{"class":83},[65,90523,90524],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,90525,46501],{"class":83},[65,90527,90528],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,90529,16632],{"class":83},[20,90531,90532,90533,144],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[210,90534,35608],{"href":35607},[51,90536,90538,90540],{"id":90537},"range-syntax",[15,90539,35778],{}," syntax",[20,90542,90543,90545],{},[15,90544,35778],{}," has three common forms:",[56,90547,90549],{"className":58,"code":90548,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90550,90551,90561,90576],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90552,90553,90555,90557,90559],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90554,59583],{"class":163},[65,90556,151],{"class":79},[65,90558,75010],{"class":147},[65,90560,157],{"class":79},[65,90562,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571,90574],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,90564,59583],{"class":163},[65,90566,151],{"class":79},[65,90568,35652],{"class":147},[65,90570,87],{"class":79},[65,90572,90573],{"class":147}," stop",[65,90575,157],{"class":79},[65,90577,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90593],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,90579,59583],{"class":163},[65,90581,151],{"class":79},[65,90583,35652],{"class":147},[65,90585,87],{"class":79},[65,90587,90573],{"class":147},[65,90589,87],{"class":79},[65,90591,90592],{"class":147}," step",[65,90594,157],{"class":79},[20,90596,90597],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,90599,90600,90605,90610],{},[36,90601,90602,90604],{},[15,90603,35652],{}," = first number",[36,90606,90607,90609],{},[15,90608,75010],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,90611,90612,90614],{},[15,90613,75013],{}," = amount to move each time",[1286,90616,90618],{"id":90617},"rangestop",[15,90619,90620],{},"range(stop)",[20,90622,90623,90624,144],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90625,1688],{},[56,90627,90629],{"className":58,"code":90628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90630,90631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90632,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643,90645,90647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90634,164],{"class":163},[65,90636,151],{"class":79},[65,90638,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90640,151],{"class":79},[65,90642,59583],{"class":163},[65,90644,151],{"class":79},[65,90646,1705],{"class":83},[65,90648,2478],{"class":79},[20,90650,350],{},[56,90652,90653],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90654,90655],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90656,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90658,3469],{"class":79},[65,90660,1688],{"class":83},[65,90662,87],{"class":79},[65,90664,5066],{"class":83},[65,90666,87],{"class":79},[65,90668,90],{"class":83},[65,90670,87],{"class":79},[65,90672,95],{"class":83},[65,90674,87],{"class":79},[65,90676,116],{"class":83},[65,90678,1352],{"class":79},[1286,90680,90682],{"id":90681},"rangestart-stop",[15,90683,90684],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90686,90687,90688,90690,90691,144],{},"This starts at ",[15,90689,35652],{}," and stops before ",[15,90692,75010],{},[56,90694,90696],{"className":58,"code":90695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90697,90698],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90699,90700,90702,90704,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90701,164],{"class":163},[65,90703,151],{"class":79},[65,90705,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90707,151],{"class":79},[65,90709,59583],{"class":163},[65,90711,151],{"class":79},[65,90713,1624],{"class":83},[65,90715,87],{"class":79},[65,90717,37224],{"class":83},[65,90719,2478],{"class":79},[20,90721,350],{},[56,90723,90725],{"className":58,"code":90724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90726,90727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90728,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90730,3469],{"class":79},[65,90732,1624],{"class":83},[65,90734,87],{"class":79},[65,90736,95],{"class":83},[65,90738,87],{"class":79},[65,90740,116],{"class":83},[65,90742,87],{"class":79},[65,90744,121],{"class":83},[65,90746,1352],{"class":79},[1286,90748,90750],{"id":90749},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90751,90752],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90754,90755],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[56,90757,90759],{"className":58,"code":90758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90760,90761],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90762,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90764,164],{"class":163},[65,90766,151],{"class":79},[65,90768,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90770,151],{"class":79},[65,90772,59583],{"class":163},[65,90774,151],{"class":79},[65,90776,84],{"class":83},[65,90778,87],{"class":79},[65,90780,5574],{"class":83},[65,90782,87],{"class":79},[65,90784,90],{"class":83},[65,90786,2478],{"class":79},[20,90788,350],{},[56,90790,90792],{"className":58,"code":90791,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90793,90794],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90795,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90797,3469],{"class":79},[65,90799,84],{"class":83},[65,90801,87],{"class":79},[65,90803,95],{"class":83},[65,90805,87],{"class":79},[65,90807,121],{"class":83},[65,90809,87],{"class":79},[65,90811,5563],{"class":83},[65,90813,87],{"class":79},[65,90815,53722],{"class":83},[65,90817,1352],{"class":79},[51,90819,90821],{"id":90820},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90823,90824],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1286,90826,90828],{"id":90827},"range5",[15,90829,90435],{},[56,90831,90832],{"className":58,"code":90628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90833,90834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90835,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90837,164],{"class":163},[65,90839,151],{"class":79},[65,90841,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90843,151],{"class":79},[65,90845,59583],{"class":163},[65,90847,151],{"class":79},[65,90849,1705],{"class":83},[65,90851,2478],{"class":79},[20,90853,350],{},[56,90855,90856],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90857,90858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90859,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90861,3469],{"class":79},[65,90863,1688],{"class":83},[65,90865,87],{"class":79},[65,90867,5066],{"class":83},[65,90869,87],{"class":79},[65,90871,90],{"class":83},[65,90873,87],{"class":79},[65,90875,95],{"class":83},[65,90877,87],{"class":79},[65,90879,116],{"class":83},[65,90881,1352],{"class":79},[20,90883,90687,90884,90690,90886,144],{},[15,90885,1688],{},[15,90887,1705],{},[1286,90889,90891],{"id":90890},"range2-6",[15,90892,90893],{},"range(2, 6)",[56,90895,90896],{"className":58,"code":90695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90897,90898],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90899,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90901,164],{"class":163},[65,90903,151],{"class":79},[65,90905,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90907,151],{"class":79},[65,90909,59583],{"class":163},[65,90911,151],{"class":79},[65,90913,1624],{"class":83},[65,90915,87],{"class":79},[65,90917,37224],{"class":83},[65,90919,2478],{"class":79},[20,90921,350],{},[56,90923,90924],{"className":58,"code":90724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90925,90926],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90927,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90929,3469],{"class":79},[65,90931,1624],{"class":83},[65,90933,87],{"class":79},[65,90935,95],{"class":83},[65,90937,87],{"class":79},[65,90939,116],{"class":83},[65,90941,87],{"class":79},[65,90943,121],{"class":83},[65,90945,1352],{"class":79},[20,90947,90687,90948,90690,90950,144],{},[15,90949,1624],{},[15,90951,80178],{},[1286,90953,90955],{"id":90954},"range1-10-2",[15,90956,90957],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[56,90959,90960],{"className":58,"code":90758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90961,90962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90965,164],{"class":163},[65,90967,151],{"class":79},[65,90969,7669],{"class":1259},[65,90971,151],{"class":79},[65,90973,59583],{"class":163},[65,90975,151],{"class":79},[65,90977,84],{"class":83},[65,90979,87],{"class":79},[65,90981,5574],{"class":83},[65,90983,87],{"class":79},[65,90985,90],{"class":83},[65,90987,2478],{"class":79},[20,90989,350],{},[56,90991,90992],{"className":58,"code":90791,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90993,90994],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90995,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90997,3469],{"class":79},[65,90999,84],{"class":83},[65,91001,87],{"class":79},[65,91003,95],{"class":83},[65,91005,87],{"class":79},[65,91007,121],{"class":83},[65,91009,87],{"class":79},[65,91011,5563],{"class":83},[65,91013,87],{"class":79},[65,91015,53722],{"class":83},[65,91017,1352],{"class":79},[20,91019,91020,91021,91023,91024,60886,91026,144],{},"This moves by ",[15,91022,1624],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91025,84],{},[15,91027,1713],{},[1286,91029,91031],{"id":91030},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91033,91034,91035,91037],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91036,35778],{}," count backward.",[56,91039,91041],{"className":58,"code":91040,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91042,91043],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91044,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91046,164],{"class":163},[65,91048,151],{"class":79},[65,91050,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91052,151],{"class":79},[65,91054,59583],{"class":163},[65,91056,151],{"class":79},[65,91058,1705],{"class":83},[65,91060,87],{"class":79},[65,91062,3400],{"class":83},[65,91064,87],{"class":79},[65,91066,1790],{"class":75},[65,91068,84],{"class":83},[65,91070,2478],{"class":79},[20,91072,350],{},[56,91074,91076],{"className":58,"code":91075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91077,91078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91079,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096,91098,91100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91081,3469],{"class":79},[65,91083,1705],{"class":83},[65,91085,87],{"class":79},[65,91087,116],{"class":83},[65,91089,87],{"class":79},[65,91091,95],{"class":83},[65,91093,87],{"class":79},[65,91095,90],{"class":83},[65,91097,87],{"class":79},[65,91099,5066],{"class":83},[65,91101,1352],{"class":79},[20,91103,91104],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91106,91107],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[56,91109,91111],{"className":58,"code":91110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91112,91113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91114,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91116,164],{"class":163},[65,91118,151],{"class":79},[65,91120,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91122,151],{"class":79},[65,91124,59583],{"class":163},[65,91126,151],{"class":79},[65,91128,84],{"class":83},[65,91130,87],{"class":79},[65,91132,121],{"class":83},[65,91134,87],{"class":79},[65,91136,1790],{"class":75},[65,91138,84],{"class":83},[65,91140,2478],{"class":79},[20,91142,350],{},[56,91144,91145],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91148,91149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91150,37878],{"class":79},[1286,91152,91153,76173,91155],{"id":76397},[15,91154,75013],{},[15,91156,1688],{},[20,91158,2403],{},[56,91160,91162],{"className":58,"code":91161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91163,91164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91165,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91167,59583],{"class":163},[65,91169,151],{"class":79},[65,91171,84],{"class":83},[65,91173,87],{"class":79},[65,91175,121],{"class":83},[65,91177,87],{"class":79},[65,91179,3400],{"class":83},[65,91181,157],{"class":79},[20,91183,76442,91184,91186],{},[15,91185,40286],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[51,91188,7994,91190,91192,91193,91195],{"id":91189},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91191,35778],{}," in a ",[15,91194,5527],{}," loop",[20,91197,91198,91200],{},[15,91199,35778],{}," is most useful when:",[33,91202,91203,91206,91209],{},[36,91204,91205],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,91207,91208],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,91210,91211,91212],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91213,91214],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91216,267],{},[56,91218,91220],{"className":58,"code":91219,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91221,91222,91238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91225,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91227,69132],{"class":71},[65,91229,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91231,53656],{"class":163},[65,91233,151],{"class":79},[65,91235,111],{"class":83},[65,91237,7918],{"class":79},[65,91239,91240,91242,91244,91246,91249,91251,91253,91255],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91241,7644],{"class":163},[65,91243,151],{"class":79},[65,91245,488],{"class":487},[65,91247,91248],{"class":491},"Loop number:",[65,91250,488],{"class":487},[65,91252,87],{"class":79},[65,91254,35709],{"class":147},[65,91256,157],{"class":79},[20,91258,350],{},[56,91260,91262],{"className":58,"code":91261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91263,91264,91273,91281],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91265,91266,91269,91271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91267,91268],{"class":71},"Loop number",[65,91270,191],{"class":79},[65,91272,38094],{"class":83},[65,91274,91275,91277,91279],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91276,91268],{"class":71},[65,91278,191],{"class":79},[65,91280,29190],{"class":83},[65,91282,91283,91285,91287],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91284,91268],{"class":71},[65,91286,191],{"class":79},[65,91288,45173],{"class":83},[1286,91290,91292],{"id":91291},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[56,91294,91296],{"className":58,"code":91295,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91297,91298,91314],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91299,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91301,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91303,69132],{"class":71},[65,91305,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91307,53656],{"class":163},[65,91309,151],{"class":79},[65,91311,1705],{"class":83},[65,91313,7918],{"class":79},[65,91315,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91317,7644],{"class":163},[65,91319,151],{"class":79},[65,91321,488],{"class":487},[65,91323,34445],{"class":491},[65,91325,488],{"class":487},[65,91327,157],{"class":79},[20,91329,91330,91331,91333],{},"This prints ",[15,91332,89999],{}," five times.",[1286,91335,91337],{"id":91336},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[56,91339,91341],{"className":58,"code":91340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91342,91343,91363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91344,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91346,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91348,69132],{"class":71},[65,91350,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91352,53656],{"class":163},[65,91354,151],{"class":79},[65,91356,84],{"class":83},[65,91358,87],{"class":79},[65,91360,116],{"class":83},[65,91362,7918],{"class":79},[65,91364,91365,91367,91369,91371,91374,91376,91378,91380],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91366,7644],{"class":163},[65,91368,151],{"class":79},[65,91370,488],{"class":487},[65,91372,91373],{"class":491},"Current number is",[65,91375,488],{"class":487},[65,91377,87],{"class":79},[65,91379,35709],{"class":147},[65,91381,157],{"class":79},[20,91383,350],{},[56,91385,91387],{"className":58,"code":91386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91388,91389,91398,91406],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91390,91391,91394,91396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91392,91393],{"class":71},"Current number ",[65,91395,11769],{"class":75},[65,91397,29190],{"class":83},[65,91399,91400,91402,91404],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91401,91393],{"class":71},[65,91403,11769],{"class":75},[65,91405,45173],{"class":83},[65,91407,91408,91410,91412],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91409,91393],{"class":71},[65,91411,11769],{"class":75},[65,91413,2144],{"class":83},[1286,91415,91417,91419],{"id":91416},"range-and-indexing",[15,91418,35778],{}," and indexing",[20,91421,91422],{},"You may see code like this:",[56,91424,91426],{"className":58,"code":91425,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91427,91428,91460,91464,91484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91429,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91431,7353],{"class":71},[65,91433,76],{"class":75},[65,91435,1339],{"class":79},[65,91437,488],{"class":487},[65,91439,210],{"class":491},[65,91441,488],{"class":487},[65,91443,87],{"class":79},[65,91445,499],{"class":487},[65,91447,154],{"class":491},[65,91449,488],{"class":487},[65,91451,87],{"class":79},[65,91453,499],{"class":487},[65,91455,9317],{"class":491},[65,91457,488],{"class":487},[65,91459,1352],{"class":79},[65,91461,91462],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91463,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,91465,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91467,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91469,69132],{"class":71},[65,91471,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91473,53656],{"class":163},[65,91475,151],{"class":79},[65,91477,10737],{"class":163},[65,91479,151],{"class":79},[65,91481,7384],{"class":147},[65,91483,69147],{"class":79},[65,91485,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91487,7644],{"class":163},[65,91489,151],{"class":79},[65,91491,35734],{"class":147},[65,91493,87],{"class":79},[65,91495,5535],{"class":147},[65,91497,3469],{"class":79},[65,91499,35734],{"class":147},[65,91501,3457],{"class":79},[20,91503,350],{},[56,91505,91506],{"className":58,"code":35746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91507,91508,91514,91520],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91509,91510,91512],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91511,1688],{"class":83},[65,91513,35755],{"class":71},[65,91515,91516,91518],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91517,84],{"class":83},[65,91519,35762],{"class":71},[65,91521,91522,91524],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91523,1624],{"class":83},[65,91525,35769],{"class":71},[20,91527,91528,91529,91533],{},"This works, and it uses ",[210,91530,91531],{"href":41941},[15,91532,41944],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91535,91536],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[56,91538,91540],{"className":58,"code":91539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91541,91542,91574,91578,91590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91543,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91545,7353],{"class":71},[65,91547,76],{"class":75},[65,91549,1339],{"class":79},[65,91551,488],{"class":487},[65,91553,210],{"class":491},[65,91555,488],{"class":487},[65,91557,87],{"class":79},[65,91559,499],{"class":487},[65,91561,154],{"class":491},[65,91563,488],{"class":487},[65,91565,87],{"class":79},[65,91567,499],{"class":487},[65,91569,9317],{"class":491},[65,91571,488],{"class":487},[65,91573,1352],{"class":79},[65,91575,91576],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91577,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91581,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91583,5530],{"class":71},[65,91585,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91587,5535],{"class":71},[65,91589,5963],{"class":79},[65,91591,91592,91594,91596,91598],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91593,7644],{"class":163},[65,91595,151],{"class":79},[65,91597,22885],{"class":147},[65,91599,157],{"class":79},[20,91601,36173,91602,91607],{},[210,91603,91605],{"href":91604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91606,35328],{}," is usually a better choice:",[56,91609,91611],{"className":58,"code":91610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91612,91613,91645,91649,91669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91614,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91616,7353],{"class":71},[65,91618,76],{"class":75},[65,91620,1339],{"class":79},[65,91622,488],{"class":487},[65,91624,210],{"class":491},[65,91626,488],{"class":487},[65,91628,87],{"class":79},[65,91630,499],{"class":487},[65,91632,154],{"class":491},[65,91634,488],{"class":487},[65,91636,87],{"class":79},[65,91638,499],{"class":487},[65,91640,9317],{"class":491},[65,91642,488],{"class":487},[65,91644,1352],{"class":79},[65,91646,91647],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91648,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,91650,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91652,5527],{"class":3444},[65,91654,35400],{"class":71},[65,91656,87],{"class":79},[65,91658,5530],{"class":71},[65,91660,3451],{"class":3444},[65,91662,35410],{"class":163},[65,91664,151],{"class":79},[65,91666,7384],{"class":147},[65,91668,7918],{"class":79},[65,91670,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91672,7644],{"class":163},[65,91674,151],{"class":79},[65,91676,35425],{"class":147},[65,91678,87],{"class":79},[65,91680,29082],{"class":147},[65,91682,157],{"class":79},[20,91684,78702,91685,144],{},[210,91686,36186,91687,36189],{"href":36185},[15,91688,35328],{},[51,91690,91692,91693,91695],{"id":91691},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91694,35778],{}," to a list",[20,91697,91698,91700],{},[15,91699,35778],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91702,91703,91704,191],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91705,24356],{},[56,91707,91709],{"className":58,"code":91708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91710,91711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91712,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91714,164],{"class":163},[65,91716,151],{"class":79},[65,91718,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91720,151],{"class":79},[65,91722,59583],{"class":163},[65,91724,151],{"class":79},[65,91726,111],{"class":83},[65,91728,2478],{"class":79},[20,91730,350],{},[56,91732,91734],{"className":58,"code":91733,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91735,91736],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91737,91738,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91739,3469],{"class":79},[65,91741,1688],{"class":83},[65,91743,87],{"class":79},[65,91745,5066],{"class":83},[65,91747,87],{"class":79},[65,91749,90],{"class":83},[65,91751,1352],{"class":79},[20,91753,32888],{},[33,91755,91756,91761,91764],{},[36,91757,91758,91759,41668],{},"learning how ",[15,91760,35778],{},[36,91762,91763],{},"checking your values",[36,91765,91766],{},"debugging code",[20,91768,405],{},[56,91770,91772],{"className":58,"code":91771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91773,91774,91788,91792,91802],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91777,3185],{"class":71},[65,91779,76],{"class":75},[65,91781,53656],{"class":163},[65,91783,151],{"class":79},[65,91785,2072],{"class":83},[65,91787,157],{"class":79},[65,91789,91790],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91791,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,91795,164],{"class":163},[65,91797,151],{"class":79},[65,91799,3215],{"class":147},[65,91801,157],{"class":79},[65,91803,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91805,164],{"class":163},[65,91807,151],{"class":79},[65,91809,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91811,151],{"class":79},[65,91813,3215],{"class":147},[65,91815,1028],{"class":79},[20,91817,350],{},[56,91819,91821],{"className":58,"code":91820,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91822,91823,91837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91826,59583],{"class":163},[65,91828,151],{"class":79},[65,91830,1688],{"class":83},[65,91832,87],{"class":79},[65,91834,116],{"class":83},[65,91836,157],{"class":79},[65,91838,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,91840,3469],{"class":79},[65,91842,1688],{"class":83},[65,91844,87],{"class":79},[65,91846,5066],{"class":83},[65,91848,87],{"class":79},[65,91850,90],{"class":83},[65,91852,87],{"class":79},[65,91854,95],{"class":83},[65,91856,1352],{"class":79},[20,91858,91859,91860,657,91862,91865],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91861,59583],{},[15,91863,91864],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[51,91867,1109],{"id":1108},[20,91869,33117,91870,144],{},[15,91871,35778],{},[1286,91873,91875],{"id":91874},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91877,91878],{},"Many beginners think this:",[56,91880,91882],{"className":58,"code":91881,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91883,91884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91887,164],{"class":163},[65,91889,151],{"class":79},[65,91891,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91893,151],{"class":79},[65,91895,59583],{"class":163},[65,91897,151],{"class":79},[65,91899,84],{"class":83},[65,91901,87],{"class":79},[65,91903,121],{"class":83},[65,91905,2478],{"class":79},[20,91907,91908],{},"will produce:",[56,91910,91912],{"className":58,"code":91911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91913,91914],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91915,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91917,3469],{"class":79},[65,91919,84],{"class":83},[65,91921,87],{"class":79},[65,91923,90],{"class":83},[65,91925,87],{"class":79},[65,91927,95],{"class":83},[65,91929,87],{"class":79},[65,91931,116],{"class":83},[65,91933,87],{"class":79},[65,91935,121],{"class":83},[65,91937,1352],{"class":79},[20,91939,91940],{},"But the real output is:",[56,91942,91943],{"className":58,"code":53091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91944,91945],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91946,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91948,3469],{"class":79},[65,91950,84],{"class":83},[65,91952,87],{"class":79},[65,91954,90],{"class":83},[65,91956,87],{"class":79},[65,91958,95],{"class":83},[65,91960,87],{"class":79},[65,91962,116],{"class":83},[65,91964,1352],{"class":79},[20,91966,91967],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1286,91969,4148,91971,91973,91974],{"id":91970},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91972,90435],{}," starts at ",[15,91975,84],{},[20,91977,37048,91978,18538,91980,144],{},[15,91979,1688],{},[15,91981,84],{},[56,91983,91984],{"className":58,"code":90628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91985,91986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91987,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91989,164],{"class":163},[65,91991,151],{"class":79},[65,91993,7669],{"class":1259},[65,91995,151],{"class":79},[65,91997,59583],{"class":163},[65,91999,151],{"class":79},[65,92001,1705],{"class":83},[65,92003,2478],{"class":79},[20,92005,350],{},[56,92007,92008],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92009,92010],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92011,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92013,3469],{"class":79},[65,92015,1688],{"class":83},[65,92017,87],{"class":79},[65,92019,5066],{"class":83},[65,92021,87],{"class":79},[65,92023,90],{"class":83},[65,92025,87],{"class":79},[65,92027,95],{"class":83},[65,92029,87],{"class":79},[65,92031,116],{"class":83},[65,92033,1352],{"class":79},[1286,92035,92037],{"id":92036},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92039,92040,92041,191],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92042,2524],{},[56,92044,92046],{"className":58,"code":92045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92047,92048,92067,92071,92088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92049,92050,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92051,92052],{"class":71},"user_number ",[65,92054,76],{"class":75},[65,92056,7818],{"class":163},[65,92058,151],{"class":79},[65,92060,488],{"class":487},[65,92062,41454],{"class":491},[65,92064,488],{"class":487},[65,92066,157],{"class":79},[65,92068,92069],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92070,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,92072,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92086],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,92074,5527],{"class":3444},[65,92076,69132],{"class":71},[65,92078,3451],{"class":3444},[65,92080,53656],{"class":163},[65,92082,151],{"class":79},[65,92084,92085],{"class":147},"user_number",[65,92087,7918],{"class":79},[65,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92091,7644],{"class":163},[65,92093,151],{"class":79},[65,92095,35734],{"class":147},[65,92097,157],{"class":79},[20,92099,48095,92100,92102],{},[15,92101,2524],{}," returns a string.",[20,92104,10383],{},[56,92106,92108],{"className":58,"code":92107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92109,92110,92132,92136,92152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92111,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92113,92052],{"class":71},[65,92115,76],{"class":75},[65,92117,44860],{"class":1259},[65,92119,151],{"class":79},[65,92121,42046],{"class":163},[65,92123,151],{"class":79},[65,92125,488],{"class":487},[65,92127,41454],{"class":491},[65,92129,488],{"class":487},[65,92131,1028],{"class":79},[65,92133,92134],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92135,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,92137,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,92139,5527],{"class":3444},[65,92141,69132],{"class":71},[65,92143,3451],{"class":3444},[65,92145,53656],{"class":163},[65,92147,151],{"class":79},[65,92149,92085],{"class":147},[65,92151,7918],{"class":79},[65,92153,92154,92156,92158,92160],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92155,7644],{"class":163},[65,92157,151],{"class":79},[65,92159,35734],{"class":147},[65,92161,157],{"class":79},[20,92163,92164,92165,144],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[210,92166,50108,92167],{"href":50107},[15,92168,50111],{},[1286,92170,92172,92173,92175,92176],{"id":92171},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92174,35652],{}," smaller than ",[15,92177,75010],{},[20,92179,92180],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[56,92182,92183],{"className":58,"code":91110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92184,92185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92186,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92188,164],{"class":163},[65,92190,151],{"class":79},[65,92192,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92194,151],{"class":79},[65,92196,59583],{"class":163},[65,92198,151],{"class":79},[65,92200,84],{"class":83},[65,92202,87],{"class":79},[65,92204,121],{"class":83},[65,92206,87],{"class":79},[65,92208,1790],{"class":75},[65,92210,84],{"class":83},[65,92212,2478],{"class":79},[20,92214,350],{},[56,92216,92217],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92218,92219],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92220,92221],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92222,37878],{"class":79},[20,92224,92225],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1286,92227,25192,92229],{"id":92228},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92230,92231],{},"step = 0",[20,92233,77153],{},[56,92235,92237],{"className":58,"code":92236,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92238,92239],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92242,59583],{"class":163},[65,92244,151],{"class":79},[65,92246,84],{"class":83},[65,92248,87],{"class":79},[65,92250,5574],{"class":83},[65,92252,87],{"class":79},[65,92254,3400],{"class":83},[65,92256,157],{"class":79},[20,92258,92259],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1286,92261,4272,92263,92265],{"id":92262},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92264,35778],{}," is not a list",[20,92267,92268],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[56,92270,92272],{"className":58,"code":92271,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92273,92274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92277,164],{"class":163},[65,92279,151],{"class":79},[65,92281,59583],{"class":163},[65,92283,151],{"class":79},[65,92285,1705],{"class":83},[65,92287,1028],{"class":79},[20,92289,350],{},[56,92291,92293],{"className":58,"code":92292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92294,92295],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92296,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92298,59583],{"class":163},[65,92300,151],{"class":79},[65,92302,1688],{"class":83},[65,92304,87],{"class":79},[65,92306,121],{"class":83},[65,92308,157],{"class":79},[20,92310,92311],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[56,92313,92314],{"className":58,"code":90628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92315,92316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92317,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92319,164],{"class":163},[65,92321,151],{"class":79},[65,92323,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92325,151],{"class":79},[65,92327,59583],{"class":163},[65,92329,151],{"class":79},[65,92331,1705],{"class":83},[65,92333,2478],{"class":79},[20,92335,350],{},[56,92337,92338],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92339,92340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92341,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92343,3469],{"class":79},[65,92345,1688],{"class":83},[65,92347,87],{"class":79},[65,92349,5066],{"class":83},[65,92351,87],{"class":79},[65,92353,90],{"class":83},[65,92355,87],{"class":79},[65,92357,95],{"class":83},[65,92359,87],{"class":79},[65,92361,116],{"class":83},[65,92363,1352],{"class":79},[51,92365,92367],{"id":92366},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92369,8453,92370,81921],{},[15,92371,35778],{},[56,92373,92375],{"className":58,"code":92374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92376,92377,92391,92409,92431,92459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92378,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92380,164],{"class":163},[65,92382,151],{"class":79},[65,92384,59583],{"class":163},[65,92386,151],{"class":79},[65,92388,1705],{"class":83},[65,92390,1028],{"class":79},[65,92392,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92394,164],{"class":163},[65,92396,151],{"class":79},[65,92398,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92400,151],{"class":79},[65,92402,59583],{"class":163},[65,92404,151],{"class":79},[65,92406,1705],{"class":83},[65,92408,2478],{"class":79},[65,92410,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,92412,164],{"class":163},[65,92414,151],{"class":79},[65,92416,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92418,151],{"class":79},[65,92420,59583],{"class":163},[65,92422,151],{"class":79},[65,92424,1624],{"class":83},[65,92426,87],{"class":79},[65,92428,5929],{"class":83},[65,92430,2478],{"class":79},[65,92432,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92434,164],{"class":163},[65,92436,151],{"class":79},[65,92438,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92440,151],{"class":79},[65,92442,59583],{"class":163},[65,92444,151],{"class":79},[65,92446,1898],{"class":83},[65,92448,87],{"class":79},[65,92450,3400],{"class":83},[65,92452,87],{"class":79},[65,92454,1790],{"class":75},[65,92456,1624],{"class":83},[65,92458,2478],{"class":79},[65,92460,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,92462,164],{"class":163},[65,92464,151],{"class":79},[65,92466,1260],{"class":1259},[65,92468,151],{"class":79},[65,92470,59583],{"class":163},[65,92472,151],{"class":79},[65,92474,1705],{"class":83},[65,92476,2478],{"class":79},[20,92478,25584],{},[33,92480,92481,92484,92487],{},[36,92482,92483],{},"what values are being created",[36,92485,92486],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,92488,92489,92490,24192],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92491,59583],{},[51,92493,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,92495,1289,92497,92499],{"id":92496},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92498,35778],{}," include the last number?",[20,92501,92502],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1286,92504,4727,92506,92508,92509,1304],{"id":92505},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92507,90435],{}," start at ",[15,92510,1688],{},[20,92512,92513,92514,144],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92515,1688],{},[1286,92517,4739,92519,92521],{"id":92518},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92520,35778],{}," count backward?",[20,92523,92524,92525,144],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92526,92527],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1286,92529,14478,92531,25619],{"id":92530},"is-range-a-list",[15,92532,35778],{},[20,92534,25622,92535,92537,92538,23513],{},[15,92536,59583],{}," object. Use ",[15,92539,92540],{},"list(range(...))",[1286,92542,4727,92544,48269],{"id":92543},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92545,92546],{},"range(input())",[20,92548,92549,3051,92551,144],{},[15,92550,2524],{},[15,92552,92553],{},"int(input())",[51,92555,1455],{"id":1454},[33,92557,92558,92562,92568,92574,92580],{},[36,92559,92560],{},[210,92561,35608],{"href":35607},[36,92563,92564],{},[210,92565,3143,92566,3076],{"href":41941},[15,92567,41944],{},[36,92569,92570],{},[210,92571,3143,92572,3076],{"href":91604},[15,92573,35328],{},[36,92575,92576],{},[210,92577,37099,92578,36189],{"href":36185},[15,92579,35328],{},[36,92581,92582],{},[210,92583,50108,92584],{"href":50107},[15,92585,50111],{},[1499,92587,92588],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":92590},[92591,92592,92594,92600,92608,92615,92617,92629,92630,92642],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":90444,"depth":101,"text":92593},"What range() does",{"id":90537,"depth":101,"text":92595,"children":92596},"range() syntax",[92597,92598,92599],{"id":90617,"depth":126,"text":90620},{"id":90681,"depth":126,"text":90684},{"id":90749,"depth":126,"text":90752},{"id":90820,"depth":101,"text":90821,"children":92601},[92602,92603,92604,92605,92606],{"id":90827,"depth":126,"text":90435},{"id":90890,"depth":126,"text":90893},{"id":90954,"depth":126,"text":90957},{"id":91030,"depth":126,"text":91031},{"id":76397,"depth":126,"text":92607},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91189,"depth":101,"text":92609,"children":92610},"Using range() in a for loop",[92611,92612,92613],{"id":91291,"depth":126,"text":91292},{"id":91336,"depth":126,"text":91337},{"id":91416,"depth":126,"text":92614},"range() and indexing",{"id":91691,"depth":101,"text":92616},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":92618},[92619,92620,92622,92623,92625,92627],{"id":91874,"depth":126,"text":91875},{"id":91970,"depth":126,"text":92621},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92036,"depth":126,"text":92037},{"id":92171,"depth":126,"text":92624},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92228,"depth":126,"text":92626},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92262,"depth":126,"text":92628},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92366,"depth":101,"text":92367},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":92631},[92632,92634,92636,92638,92640],{"id":92496,"depth":126,"text":92633},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92505,"depth":126,"text":92635},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92518,"depth":126,"text":92637},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92530,"depth":126,"text":92639},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92543,"depth":126,"text":92641},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90338,"description":92643},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92650,"title":92651,"body":92652,"description":94325,"extension":1528,"meta":94326,"navigation":129,"path":94327,"seo":94328,"stem":94329,"__hash__":94330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92653,"toc":94298},[92654,92663,92670,92687,92703,92705,92754,92762,92766,92769,92789,92791,92855,92857,92900,92903,92949,92951,92984,92994,93000,93008,93025,93027,93058,93060,93085,93090,93101,93104,93174,93176,93207,93212,93217,93234,93236,93287,93289,93322,93325,93332,93337,93341,93357,93359,93403,93405,93451,93454,93467,93472,93476,93490,93492,93543,93545,93578,93583,93585,93592,93594,93617,93619,93684,93686,93703,93706,93739,93741,93769,93779,93786,93790,93793,93811,93814,93842,93845,93863,93868,93874,93877,93899,93901,93929,93931,93934,93959,93962,94075,94077,94156,94158,94164,94169,94177,94185,94189,94192,94194,94227,94229,94237,94243,94250,94257,94260,94262,94295],[10,92655,3143,92657,657,92659,92662],{"id":92656},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92658,35778],{},[15,92660,92661],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92664,92665,634,92667,92669],{},[15,92666,35778],{},[15,92668,92661],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,92671,92672,92680],{},[36,92673,92674,92676,92677],{},[15,92675,35778],{}," creates a ",[43,92678,92679],{},"range object",[36,92681,92682,92676,92684],{},[15,92683,92661],{},[43,92685,92686],{},"real list",[20,92688,92689,92690,92692,92693,92696,92697,92699,92700,92702],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92691,90435],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92694,92695],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92698,35778],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92701,92661],{}," when you actually need a list.",[51,92704,54],{"id":53},[56,92706,92708],{"className":58,"code":92707,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92709,92710,92724,92737],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92711,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92713,3185],{"class":71},[65,92715,76],{"class":75},[65,92717,53656],{"class":163},[65,92719,151],{"class":79},[65,92721,1705],{"class":83},[65,92723,157],{"class":79},[65,92725,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92727,164],{"class":163},[65,92729,151],{"class":79},[65,92731,3215],{"class":147},[65,92733,172],{"class":79},[65,92735,92736],{"class":175},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[65,92738,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,92740,164],{"class":163},[65,92742,151],{"class":79},[65,92744,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92746,151],{"class":79},[65,92748,3215],{"class":147},[65,92750,758],{"class":79},[65,92752,92753],{"class":175},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92755,1660,92756,92758,92759,92761],{},[15,92757,35778],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92760,92661],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[51,92763,92765],{"id":92764},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92767,92768],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,92770,92771,92778,92783,92786],{},[36,92772,92773,21550,92775,92777],{},[15,92774,35778],{},[43,92776,92679],{},", not a list",[36,92779,92780,92782],{},[15,92781,92661],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,92784,92785],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,92787,92788],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92790,267],{},[56,92792,92794],{"className":58,"code":92793,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92795,92796,92811,92830,92834,92844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92797,92798,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92799,92800],{"class":71},"r ",[65,92802,76],{"class":75},[65,92804,53656],{"class":163},[65,92806,151],{"class":79},[65,92808,1705],{"class":83},[65,92810,157],{"class":79},[65,92812,92813,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92814,92815],{"class":71},"lst ",[65,92817,76],{"class":75},[65,92819,22134],{"class":1259},[65,92821,151],{"class":79},[65,92823,59583],{"class":163},[65,92825,151],{"class":79},[65,92827,1705],{"class":83},[65,92829,1028],{"class":79},[65,92831,92832],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,92833,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,92835,92836,92838,92840,92842],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92837,164],{"class":163},[65,92839,151],{"class":79},[65,92841,60090],{"class":147},[65,92843,157],{"class":79},[65,92845,92846,92848,92850,92853],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,92847,164],{"class":163},[65,92849,151],{"class":79},[65,92851,92852],{"class":147},"lst",[65,92854,157],{"class":79},[20,92856,350],{},[56,92858,92860],{"className":58,"code":92859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92861,92862,92876],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92863,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92865,59583],{"class":163},[65,92867,151],{"class":79},[65,92869,1688],{"class":83},[65,92871,87],{"class":79},[65,92873,121],{"class":83},[65,92875,157],{"class":79},[65,92877,92878,92880,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92879,3469],{"class":79},[65,92881,1688],{"class":83},[65,92883,87],{"class":79},[65,92885,5066],{"class":83},[65,92887,87],{"class":79},[65,92889,90],{"class":83},[65,92891,87],{"class":79},[65,92893,95],{"class":83},[65,92895,87],{"class":79},[65,92897,116],{"class":83},[65,92899,1352],{"class":79},[20,92901,92902],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[56,92904,92906],{"className":58,"code":92905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92907,92908,92926],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92909,92910,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92911,164],{"class":163},[65,92913,151],{"class":79},[65,92915,1260],{"class":1259},[65,92917,151],{"class":79},[65,92919,59583],{"class":163},[65,92921,151],{"class":79},[65,92923,1705],{"class":83},[65,92925,2478],{"class":79},[65,92927,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92929,164],{"class":163},[65,92931,151],{"class":79},[65,92933,1260],{"class":1259},[65,92935,151],{"class":79},[65,92937,7669],{"class":1259},[65,92939,151],{"class":79},[65,92941,59583],{"class":163},[65,92943,151],{"class":79},[65,92945,1705],{"class":83},[65,92947,92948],{"class":79},"))))\n",[20,92950,350],{},[56,92952,92954],{"className":58,"code":92953,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92955,92956,92970],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92959,2857],{"class":75},[65,92961,2860],{"class":1632},[65,92963,603],{"class":487},[65,92965,59583],{"class":491},[65,92967,594],{"class":487},[65,92969,2869],{"class":75},[65,92971,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92982],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,92973,2857],{"class":75},[65,92975,2860],{"class":1632},[65,92977,603],{"class":487},[65,92979,7669],{"class":491},[65,92981,594],{"class":487},[65,92983,2869],{"class":75},[20,92985,92986,92987,92989,92990,144],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92988,35778],{}," works, see ",[210,92991,3143,92992,3076],{"href":92645},[15,92993,35778],{},[51,92995,183,92997,92999],{"id":92996},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92998,35778],{}," gives you",[20,93001,93002,93004,93005,93007],{},[15,93003,35778],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93006,5527],{}," loops.",[33,93009,93010,93013,93016,93019],{},[36,93011,93012],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,93014,93015],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,93017,93018],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,93020,93021,93022],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93023,93024],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93026,267],{},[56,93028,93030],{"className":58,"code":93029,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93031,93032,93048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93033,93034,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93035,5527],{"class":3444},[65,93037,69132],{"class":71},[65,93039,3451],{"class":3444},[65,93041,53656],{"class":163},[65,93043,151],{"class":79},[65,93045,1705],{"class":83},[65,93047,7918],{"class":79},[65,93049,93050,93052,93054,93056],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93051,7644],{"class":163},[65,93053,151],{"class":79},[65,93055,35734],{"class":147},[65,93057,157],{"class":79},[20,93059,350],{},[56,93061,93063],{"className":58,"code":93062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93064,93065,93069,93073,93077,93081],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93066,93067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93068,46836],{"class":83},[65,93070,93071],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93072,46501],{"class":83},[65,93074,93075],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93076,16632],{"class":83},[65,93078,93079],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93080,46201],{"class":83},[65,93082,93083],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,93084,48235],{"class":83},[20,93086,20346,93087,93089],{},[15,93088,90435],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93091,93092,93093,93095,93096,144],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93094,35778],{}," is so common with ",[210,93097,3143,93099,90466],{"href":93098},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93100,5527],{},[20,93102,93103],{},"You can also inspect it:",[56,93105,93107],{"className":58,"code":93106,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93108,93109,93131,93135,93145,93159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93110,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93112,92800],{"class":71},[65,93114,76],{"class":75},[65,93116,53656],{"class":163},[65,93118,151],{"class":79},[65,93120,1624],{"class":83},[65,93122,87],{"class":79},[65,93124,5574],{"class":83},[65,93126,87],{"class":79},[65,93128,90],{"class":83},[65,93130,157],{"class":79},[65,93132,93133],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93134,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,93136,93137,93139,93141,93143],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93138,164],{"class":163},[65,93140,151],{"class":79},[65,93142,60090],{"class":147},[65,93144,157],{"class":79},[65,93146,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155,93157],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93148,164],{"class":163},[65,93150,151],{"class":79},[65,93152,10737],{"class":163},[65,93154,151],{"class":79},[65,93156,60090],{"class":147},[65,93158,1028],{"class":79},[65,93160,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169,93172],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,93162,164],{"class":163},[65,93164,151],{"class":79},[65,93166,80178],{"class":83},[65,93168,20749],{"class":3444},[65,93170,93171],{"class":147}," r",[65,93173,157],{"class":79},[20,93175,350],{},[56,93177,93179],{"className":58,"code":93178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93180,93181,93199,93203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93182,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93184,59583],{"class":163},[65,93186,151],{"class":79},[65,93188,1624],{"class":83},[65,93190,87],{"class":79},[65,93192,5574],{"class":83},[65,93194,87],{"class":79},[65,93196,90],{"class":83},[65,93198,157],{"class":79},[65,93200,93201],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93202,48235],{"class":83},[65,93204,93205],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93206,3549],{"class":3419},[51,93208,183,93210,92999],{"id":93209},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93211,92661],{},[20,93213,93214,93216],{},[15,93215,92661],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,93218,93219,93222,93225,93228],{},[36,93220,93221],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,93223,93224],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,93226,93227],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,93229,93230,93231,93233],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93232,35778],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93235,267],{},[56,93237,93239],{"className":58,"code":93238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93240,93241,93259,93263,93273],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93242,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93244,3185],{"class":71},[65,93246,76],{"class":75},[65,93248,22134],{"class":1259},[65,93250,151],{"class":79},[65,93252,59583],{"class":163},[65,93254,151],{"class":79},[65,93256,1705],{"class":83},[65,93258,1028],{"class":79},[65,93260,93261],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93262,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,93264,93265,93267,93269,93271],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93266,164],{"class":163},[65,93268,151],{"class":79},[65,93270,3215],{"class":147},[65,93272,157],{"class":79},[65,93274,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93276,164],{"class":163},[65,93278,151],{"class":79},[65,93280,3215],{"class":147},[65,93282,3469],{"class":79},[65,93284,1624],{"class":83},[65,93286,3457],{"class":79},[20,93288,350],{},[56,93290,93292],{"className":58,"code":93291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93293,93294,93318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93297,3469],{"class":79},[65,93299,1688],{"class":83},[65,93301,87],{"class":79},[65,93303,5066],{"class":83},[65,93305,87],{"class":79},[65,93307,90],{"class":83},[65,93309,87],{"class":79},[65,93311,95],{"class":83},[65,93313,87],{"class":79},[65,93315,116],{"class":83},[65,93317,1352],{"class":79},[65,93319,93320],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93321,16632],{"class":83},[20,93323,93324],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93326,93327,93328,144],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[210,93329,3143,93330,3076],{"href":64432},[15,93331,24356],{},[51,93333,4529,93335],{"id":93334},"when-to-use-range",[15,93336,35778],{},[20,93338,1660,93339,10177],{},[15,93340,35778],{},[33,93342,93343,93348,93351,93354],{},[36,93344,93345,93346,91195],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93347,5527],{},[36,93349,93350],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,93352,93353],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,93355,93356],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93358,267],{},[56,93360,93362],{"className":58,"code":93361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93363,93364,93384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93365,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93367,5527],{"class":3444},[65,93369,69132],{"class":71},[65,93371,3451],{"class":3444},[65,93373,53656],{"class":163},[65,93375,151],{"class":79},[65,93377,84],{"class":83},[65,93379,87],{"class":79},[65,93381,37224],{"class":83},[65,93383,7918],{"class":79},[65,93385,93386,93388,93390,93392,93395,93397,93399,93401],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93387,7644],{"class":163},[65,93389,151],{"class":79},[65,93391,488],{"class":487},[65,93393,93394],{"class":491},"Count:",[65,93396,488],{"class":487},[65,93398,87],{"class":79},[65,93400,35709],{"class":147},[65,93402,157],{"class":79},[20,93404,350],{},[56,93406,93408],{"className":58,"code":93407,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93409,93410,93419,93427,93435,93443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93411,93412,93415,93417],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93413,93414],{"class":71},"Count",[65,93416,191],{"class":79},[65,93418,29190],{"class":83},[65,93420,93421,93423,93425],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93422,93414],{"class":71},[65,93424,191],{"class":79},[65,93426,45173],{"class":83},[65,93428,93429,93431,93433],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93430,93414],{"class":71},[65,93432,191],{"class":79},[65,93434,2144],{"class":83},[65,93436,93437,93439,93441],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93438,93414],{"class":71},[65,93440,191],{"class":79},[65,93442,23238],{"class":83},[65,93444,93445,93447,93449],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,93446,93414],{"class":71},[65,93448,191],{"class":79},[65,93450,34420],{"class":83},[20,93452,93453],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93455,93456,93457,93459,93460,61873,93462,144],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93458,35328],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93461,36179],{},[210,93463,36186,93465,36189],{"href":93464},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93466,35328],{},[51,93468,4529,93470],{"id":93469},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93471,92661],{},[20,93473,1660,93474,10177],{},[15,93475,92661],{},[33,93477,93478,93481,93484,93487],{},[36,93479,93480],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,93482,93483],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,93485,93486],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,93488,93489],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93491,267],{},[56,93493,93495],{"className":58,"code":93494,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93496,93497,93515,93529,93533],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93498,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93500,3185],{"class":71},[65,93502,76],{"class":75},[65,93504,22134],{"class":1259},[65,93506,151],{"class":79},[65,93508,59583],{"class":163},[65,93510,151],{"class":79},[65,93512,1705],{"class":83},[65,93514,1028],{"class":79},[65,93516,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93518,3215],{"class":71},[65,93520,144],{"class":79},[65,93522,13127],{"class":147},[65,93524,151],{"class":79},[65,93526,1705],{"class":83},[65,93528,157],{"class":79},[65,93530,93531],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93532,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,93534,93535,93537,93539,93541],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93536,164],{"class":163},[65,93538,151],{"class":79},[65,93540,3215],{"class":147},[65,93542,157],{"class":79},[20,93544,350],{},[56,93546,93548],{"className":58,"code":93547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93549,93550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93551,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93553,3469],{"class":79},[65,93555,1688],{"class":83},[65,93557,87],{"class":79},[65,93559,5066],{"class":83},[65,93561,87],{"class":79},[65,93563,90],{"class":83},[65,93565,87],{"class":79},[65,93567,95],{"class":83},[65,93569,87],{"class":79},[65,93571,116],{"class":83},[65,93573,87],{"class":79},[65,93575,121],{"class":83},[65,93577,1352],{"class":79},[20,93579,5630,93580,93582],{},[15,93581,3215],{}," is a list.",[51,93584,15172],{"id":15171},[20,93586,93587,93589,93590,144],{},[15,93588,35778],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[43,93591,37178],{},[20,93593,1675],{},[33,93595,93596,93598,93603,93608,93611],{},[36,93597,21560],{},[36,93599,93600,93601],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93602,41944],{},[36,93604,93605,93606],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93607,3451],{},[36,93609,93610],{},"You can index it",[36,93612,93613,93614,93616],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93615,52238],{}," do not work on it",[20,93618,267],{},[56,93620,93622],{"className":58,"code":93621,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93623,93624,93638,93642,93656,93670],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93625,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634,93636],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93627,92800],{"class":71},[65,93629,76],{"class":75},[65,93631,53656],{"class":163},[65,93633,151],{"class":79},[65,93635,1705],{"class":83},[65,93637,157],{"class":79},[65,93639,93640],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93641,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,93643,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93645,164],{"class":163},[65,93647,151],{"class":79},[65,93649,60090],{"class":147},[65,93651,3469],{"class":79},[65,93653,1624],{"class":83},[65,93655,3457],{"class":79},[65,93657,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666,93668],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93659,164],{"class":163},[65,93661,151],{"class":79},[65,93663,10737],{"class":163},[65,93665,151],{"class":79},[65,93667,60090],{"class":147},[65,93669,1028],{"class":79},[65,93671,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,93673,164],{"class":163},[65,93675,151],{"class":79},[65,93677,111],{"class":83},[65,93679,20749],{"class":3444},[65,93681,93171],{"class":147},[65,93683,157],{"class":79},[20,93685,350],{},[56,93687,93689],{"className":58,"code":93688,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93690,93691,93695,93699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93692,93693],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93694,16632],{"class":83},[65,93696,93697],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93698,2513],{"class":83},[65,93700,93701],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,93702,3549],{"class":3419},[20,93704,93705],{},"Now compare that with this:",[56,93707,93709],{"className":58,"code":93708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93710,93711,93725],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93712,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93714,92800],{"class":71},[65,93716,76],{"class":75},[65,93718,53656],{"class":163},[65,93720,151],{"class":79},[65,93722,1705],{"class":83},[65,93724,157],{"class":79},[65,93726,93727,93729,93731,93733,93735,93737],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93728,60090],{"class":71},[65,93730,144],{"class":79},[65,93732,13127],{"class":147},[65,93734,151],{"class":79},[65,93736,1705],{"class":83},[65,93738,157],{"class":79},[20,93740,350],{},[56,93742,93744],{"className":58,"code":93743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93745,93746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93747,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760,93763,93765,93767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93749,25247],{"class":1259},[65,93751,191],{"class":79},[65,93753,603],{"class":487},[65,93755,59583],{"class":491},[65,93757,594],{"class":487},[65,93759,24192],{"class":1259},[65,93761,93762],{"class":71}," has no attribute ",[65,93764,594],{"class":487},[65,93766,13127],{"class":491},[65,93768,29275],{"class":487},[20,93770,93771,93772,1491,93774,1761,93776,93778],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93773,52238],{},[15,93775,55115],{},[15,93777,63896],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93780,93781,93782,144],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[210,93783,25255,93784],{"href":34998},[15,93785,33832],{},[51,93787,93789],{"id":93788},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93791,93792],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[56,93794,93795],{"className":58,"code":92271,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,93796,93797],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93798,93799,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93800,164],{"class":163},[65,93802,151],{"class":79},[65,93804,59583],{"class":163},[65,93806,151],{"class":79},[65,93808,1705],{"class":83},[65,93810,1028],{"class":79},[20,93812,93813],{},"to show:",[56,93815,93816],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,93817,93818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93819,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838,93840],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93821,3469],{"class":79},[65,93823,1688],{"class":83},[65,93825,87],{"class":79},[65,93827,5066],{"class":83},[65,93829,87],{"class":79},[65,93831,90],{"class":83},[65,93833,87],{"class":79},[65,93835,95],{"class":83},[65,93837,87],{"class":79},[65,93839,116],{"class":83},[65,93841,1352],{"class":79},[20,93843,93844],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[56,93846,93847],{"className":58,"code":92292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,93848,93849],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93852,59583],{"class":163},[65,93854,151],{"class":79},[65,93856,1688],{"class":83},[65,93858,87],{"class":79},[65,93860,121],{"class":83},[65,93862,157],{"class":79},[20,93864,4196,93865,93867],{},[43,93866,45],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93869,93870,93871,93873],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[43,93872,92679],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93875,93876],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[56,93878,93879],{"className":58,"code":90628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,93880,93881],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93882,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93884,164],{"class":163},[65,93886,151],{"class":79},[65,93888,7669],{"class":1259},[65,93890,151],{"class":79},[65,93892,59583],{"class":163},[65,93894,151],{"class":79},[65,93896,1705],{"class":83},[65,93898,2478],{"class":79},[20,93900,350],{},[56,93902,93903],{"className":58,"code":59606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,93904,93905],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93906,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93908,3469],{"class":79},[65,93910,1688],{"class":83},[65,93912,87],{"class":79},[65,93914,5066],{"class":83},[65,93916,87],{"class":79},[65,93918,90],{"class":83},[65,93920,87],{"class":79},[65,93922,95],{"class":83},[65,93924,87],{"class":79},[65,93926,116],{"class":83},[65,93928,1352],{"class":79},[51,93930,2396],{"id":2395},[20,93932,93933],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,93935,93936,93942,93945,93951],{},[36,93937,7994,93938,93941],{},[15,93939,93940],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,93943,93944],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,93946,93947,93948,93950],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93949,35778],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,93952,7994,93953,93955,93956,93958],{},[15,93954,92661],{}," when plain ",[15,93957,35778],{}," would be simpler",[20,93960,93961],{},"These quick checks can help:",[56,93963,93965],{"className":58,"code":93964,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93966,93967,93981,93999,94017,94039,94057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93968,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93970,164],{"class":163},[65,93972,151],{"class":79},[65,93974,59583],{"class":163},[65,93976,151],{"class":79},[65,93978,1705],{"class":83},[65,93980,1028],{"class":79},[65,93982,93983,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,93984,164],{"class":163},[65,93986,151],{"class":79},[65,93988,7669],{"class":1259},[65,93990,151],{"class":79},[65,93992,59583],{"class":163},[65,93994,151],{"class":79},[65,93996,1705],{"class":83},[65,93998,2478],{"class":79},[65,94000,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94002,164],{"class":163},[65,94004,151],{"class":79},[65,94006,1260],{"class":1259},[65,94008,151],{"class":79},[65,94010,59583],{"class":163},[65,94012,151],{"class":79},[65,94014,1705],{"class":83},[65,94016,2478],{"class":79},[65,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94020,164],{"class":163},[65,94022,151],{"class":79},[65,94024,1260],{"class":1259},[65,94026,151],{"class":79},[65,94028,7669],{"class":1259},[65,94030,151],{"class":79},[65,94032,59583],{"class":163},[65,94034,151],{"class":79},[65,94036,1705],{"class":83},[65,94038,92948],{"class":79},[65,94040,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,94042,164],{"class":163},[65,94044,151],{"class":79},[65,94046,111],{"class":83},[65,94048,20749],{"class":3444},[65,94050,53656],{"class":163},[65,94052,151],{"class":79},[65,94054,1705],{"class":83},[65,94056,1028],{"class":79},[65,94058,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,94060,164],{"class":163},[65,94062,151],{"class":79},[65,94064,10737],{"class":163},[65,94066,151],{"class":79},[65,94068,59583],{"class":163},[65,94070,151],{"class":79},[65,94072,1705],{"class":83},[65,94074,2478],{"class":79},[20,94076,350],{},[56,94078,94080],{"className":58,"code":94079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94081,94082,94096,94120,94134,94148,94152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94083,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94085,59583],{"class":163},[65,94087,151],{"class":79},[65,94089,1688],{"class":83},[65,94091,87],{"class":79},[65,94093,121],{"class":83},[65,94095,157],{"class":79},[65,94097,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94099,3469],{"class":79},[65,94101,1688],{"class":83},[65,94103,87],{"class":79},[65,94105,5066],{"class":83},[65,94107,87],{"class":79},[65,94109,90],{"class":83},[65,94111,87],{"class":79},[65,94113,95],{"class":83},[65,94115,87],{"class":79},[65,94117,116],{"class":83},[65,94119,1352],{"class":79},[65,94121,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94123,2857],{"class":75},[65,94125,2860],{"class":1632},[65,94127,603],{"class":487},[65,94129,59583],{"class":491},[65,94131,594],{"class":487},[65,94133,2869],{"class":75},[65,94135,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94137,2857],{"class":75},[65,94139,2860],{"class":1632},[65,94141,603],{"class":487},[65,94143,7669],{"class":491},[65,94145,594],{"class":487},[65,94147,2869],{"class":75},[65,94149,94150],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,94151,3549],{"class":3419},[65,94153,94154],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,94155,2513],{"class":83},[51,94157,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,94159,14478,94161,94163],{"id":94160},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94162,35778],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94165,45949,94166,94168],{},[15,94167,35778],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1286,94170,94172,94173,10667,94175,1304],{"id":94171},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94174,35778],{},[15,94176,92661],{},[20,94178,94179,94181,94182,94184],{},[15,94180,35778],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94183,92661],{}," creates a full list.",[1286,94186,94188],{"id":94187},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94190,94191],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94193,267],{},[56,94195,94197],{"className":58,"code":94196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94198,94199,94213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94200,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94202,92800],{"class":71},[65,94204,76],{"class":75},[65,94206,53656],{"class":163},[65,94208,151],{"class":79},[65,94210,1705],{"class":83},[65,94212,157],{"class":79},[65,94214,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94216,164],{"class":163},[65,94218,151],{"class":79},[65,94220,60090],{"class":147},[65,94222,3469],{"class":79},[65,94224,84],{"class":83},[65,94226,3457],{"class":79},[20,94228,350],{},[56,94230,94231],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94232,94233],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94234,94235],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94236,46501],{"class":83},[1286,94238,4727,94240,94242],{"id":94239},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94241,93940],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94244,94245,94246,94249],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94247,94248],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1286,94251,94253,94254,94256],{"id":94252},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94255,35778],{}," to a list?",[20,94258,94259],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[51,94261,1455],{"id":1454},[33,94263,94264,94270,94276,94283,94289],{},[36,94265,94266],{},[210,94267,3143,94268,3076],{"href":92645},[15,94269,35778],{},[36,94271,94272],{},[210,94273,3143,94274,3076],{"href":64432},[15,94275,24356],{},[36,94277,94278],{},[210,94279,3143,94280,94282],{"href":93098},[15,94281,5527],{}," loops explained",[36,94284,94285],{},[210,94286,37099,94287,36189],{"href":93464},[15,94288,35328],{},[36,94290,94291],{},[210,94292,25698,94293],{"href":34998},[15,94294,33832],{},[1499,94296,94297],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":94299},[94300,94301,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94311,94312,94313,94324],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":92764,"depth":101,"text":92765},{"id":92996,"depth":101,"text":94303},"What range() gives you",{"id":93209,"depth":101,"text":94305},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93334,"depth":101,"text":94307},"When to use range()",{"id":93469,"depth":101,"text":94309},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15171,"depth":101,"text":15172},{"id":93788,"depth":101,"text":93789},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":94314},[94315,94317,94319,94320,94322],{"id":94160,"depth":126,"text":94316},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94171,"depth":126,"text":94318},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94187,"depth":126,"text":94188},{"id":94239,"depth":126,"text":94321},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94252,"depth":126,"text":94323},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92651,"description":94325},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94332,"title":94333,"body":94334,"description":95770,"extension":1528,"meta":95771,"navigation":129,"path":95772,"seo":95773,"stem":95774,"__hash__":95775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94335,"toc":95736},[94336,94342,94347,94350,94364,94367,94369,94408,94410,94423,94431,94436,94452,94455,94457,94459,94480,94497,94500,94559,94561,94580,94585,94591,94594,94628,94630,94643,94646,94691,94693,94716,94723,94729,94732,94773,94775,94789,94792,94850,94852,94867,94880,94886,94892,94957,94959,94978,94980,94998,95001,95005,95011,95013,95046,95048,95061,95071,95074,95135,95137,95158,95161,95163,95179,95184,95188,95193,95198,95254,95256,95274,95277,95322,95324,95332,95337,95341,95355,95357,95389,95391,95400,95402,95406,95415,95418,95450,95452,95464,95467,95471,95476,95517,95519,95527,95530,95553,95557,95559,95568,95571,95624,95626,95635,95639,95644,95655,95657,95666,95669,95675,95678,95684,95694,95702,95709,95711,95733],[10,94337,3143,94339,3147],{"id":94338},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94340,94341],{},"round()",[20,94343,8701,94344,94346],{},[15,94345,94341],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94348,94349],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,94351,94352,94358],{},[36,94353,94354,94357],{},[15,94355,94356],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,94359,94360,94363],{},[15,94361,94362],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94365,94366],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[51,94368,1570],{"id":1569},[56,94370,94372],{"className":58,"code":94371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94373,94374,94390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94375,94376,94378,94380,94383,94385,94388],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94377,164],{"class":163},[65,94379,151],{"class":79},[65,94381,94382],{"class":163},"round",[65,94384,151],{"class":79},[65,94386,94387],{"class":83},"3.14159",[65,94389,1028],{"class":79},[65,94391,94392,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94393,164],{"class":163},[65,94395,151],{"class":79},[65,94397,94382],{"class":163},[65,94399,151],{"class":79},[65,94401,94387],{"class":83},[65,94403,87],{"class":79},[65,94405,90],{"class":83},[65,94407,1028],{"class":79},[20,94409,350],{},[56,94411,94413],{"className":58,"code":94412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94414,94415,94419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94416,94417],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94418,46201],{"class":83},[65,94420,94421],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94422,39759],{"class":83},[20,94424,1660,94425,94427,94428,94430],{},[15,94426,94356],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94429,94362],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[51,94432,183,94434,186],{"id":94433},"what-round-does",[15,94435,94341],{},[33,94437,94438,94443,94446,94449],{},[36,94439,94440,94442],{},[15,94441,94341],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,94444,94445],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,94447,94448],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,94450,94451],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94453,94454],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[51,94456,222],{"id":221},[20,94458,1728],{},[56,94460,94462],{"className":58,"code":94461,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94463,94464],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94465,94466,94468,94470,94472,94475,94478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94467,94382],{"class":163},[65,94469,151],{"class":79},[65,94471,1807],{"class":147},[65,94473,94474],{"class":79},"[,",[65,94476,94477],{"class":147}," ndigits",[65,94479,3457],{"class":79},[33,94481,94482,94487,94492],{},[36,94483,94484,94486],{},[15,94485,1807],{}," is the value to round",[36,94488,94489,19614],{},[15,94490,94491],{},"ndigits",[36,94493,94494,94496],{},[15,94495,94491],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94498,94499],{},"Basic examples:",[56,94501,94503],{"className":58,"code":94502,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94504,94505,94520,94538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94506,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94518],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94508,164],{"class":163},[65,94510,151],{"class":79},[65,94512,94382],{"class":163},[65,94514,151],{"class":79},[65,94516,94517],{"class":83},"7.8",[65,94519,1028],{"class":79},[65,94521,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94523,164],{"class":163},[65,94525,151],{"class":79},[65,94527,94382],{"class":163},[65,94529,151],{"class":79},[65,94531,94517],{"class":83},[65,94533,87],{"class":79},[65,94535,5066],{"class":83},[65,94537,1028],{"class":79},[65,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94541,164],{"class":163},[65,94543,151],{"class":79},[65,94545,94382],{"class":163},[65,94547,151],{"class":79},[65,94549,94550],{"class":83},"1234",[65,94552,87],{"class":79},[65,94554,1790],{"class":75},[65,94556,1624],{"class":83},[65,94558,1028],{"class":79},[20,94560,350],{},[56,94562,94564],{"className":58,"code":94563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94565,94566,94570,94575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94567,94568],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94569,1949],{"class":83},[65,94571,94572],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94573,94574],{"class":83},"7.8\n",[65,94576,94577],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94578,94579],{"class":83},"1200\n",[20,94581,94582,94583,144],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[210,94584,1988],{"href":1987},[51,94586,7994,94588,94590],{"id":94587},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94589,94341],{}," with one argument",[20,94592,94593],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[56,94595,94597],{"className":58,"code":94596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94598,94599,94613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94600,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94602,164],{"class":163},[65,94604,151],{"class":79},[65,94606,94382],{"class":163},[65,94608,151],{"class":79},[65,94610,1930],{"class":83},[65,94612,1028],{"class":79},[65,94614,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94626],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94616,164],{"class":163},[65,94618,151],{"class":79},[65,94620,94382],{"class":163},[65,94622,151],{"class":79},[65,94624,94625],{"class":83},"4.8",[65,94627,1028],{"class":79},[20,94629,350],{},[56,94631,94633],{"className":58,"code":94632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4\n5\n",[15,94634,94635,94639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94636,94637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94638,48235],{"class":83},[65,94640,94641],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94642,2513],{"class":83},[20,94644,94645],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[56,94647,94649],{"className":58,"code":94648,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94650,94651,94667,94677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94652,94653,94655,94657,94660,94662,94665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94654,136],{"class":71},[65,94656,76],{"class":75},[65,94658,94659],{"class":163}," round",[65,94661,151],{"class":79},[65,94663,94664],{"class":83},"10.2",[65,94666,157],{"class":79},[65,94668,94669,94671,94673,94675],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94670,164],{"class":163},[65,94672,151],{"class":79},[65,94674,169],{"class":147},[65,94676,157],{"class":79},[65,94678,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94680,164],{"class":163},[65,94682,151],{"class":79},[65,94684,1260],{"class":1259},[65,94686,151],{"class":79},[65,94688,169],{"class":147},[65,94690,1028],{"class":79},[20,94692,350],{},[56,94694,94696],{"className":58,"code":94695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94697,94698,94702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94699,94700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94701,1944],{"class":83},[65,94703,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94705,2857],{"class":75},[65,94707,2860],{"class":1632},[65,94709,603],{"class":487},[65,94711,1757],{"class":491},[65,94713,594],{"class":487},[65,94715,2869],{"class":75},[20,94717,94718,94719,144],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[210,94720,3143,94721,3076],{"href":2441},[15,94722,2444],{},[51,94724,7994,94726,94728],{"id":94725},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94727,94341],{}," with decimal places",[20,94730,94731],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[56,94733,94735],{"className":58,"code":94734,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94736,94737,94755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94738,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94740,164],{"class":163},[65,94742,151],{"class":79},[65,94744,94382],{"class":163},[65,94746,151],{"class":79},[65,94748,94387],{"class":83},[65,94750,87],{"class":79},[65,94752,90],{"class":83},[65,94754,1028],{"class":79},[65,94756,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94758,164],{"class":163},[65,94760,151],{"class":79},[65,94762,94382],{"class":163},[65,94764,151],{"class":79},[65,94766,94387],{"class":83},[65,94768,87],{"class":79},[65,94770,95],{"class":83},[65,94772,1028],{"class":79},[20,94774,350],{},[56,94776,94778],{"className":58,"code":94777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94779,94780,94784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94781,94782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94783,39759],{"class":83},[65,94785,94786],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94787,94788],{"class":83},"3.142\n",[20,94790,94791],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[56,94793,94795],{"className":58,"code":94794,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94796,94797,94806,94825,94829,94839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94798,94799,94801,94803],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94800,39969],{"class":71},[65,94802,76],{"class":75},[65,94804,94805],{"class":83}," 19.9876\n",[65,94807,94808,94811,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821,94823],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94809,94810],{"class":71},"rounded_price ",[65,94812,76],{"class":75},[65,94814,94659],{"class":163},[65,94816,151],{"class":79},[65,94818,24725],{"class":147},[65,94820,87],{"class":79},[65,94822,90],{"class":83},[65,94824,157],{"class":79},[65,94826,94827],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94828,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,94830,94831,94833,94835,94837],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94832,164],{"class":163},[65,94834,151],{"class":79},[65,94836,24725],{"class":147},[65,94838,157],{"class":79},[65,94840,94841,94843,94845,94848],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,94842,164],{"class":163},[65,94844,151],{"class":79},[65,94846,94847],{"class":147},"rounded_price",[65,94849,157],{"class":79},[20,94851,350],{},[56,94853,94855],{"className":58,"code":94854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94856,94857,94862],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94858,94859],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94860,94861],{"class":83},"19.9876\n",[65,94863,94864],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94865,94866],{"class":83},"19.99\n",[20,94868,94869,94870,94873,94874,214,94876,144],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94871,94872],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[210,94875,40474],{"href":40473},[210,94877,3143,94878,3076],{"href":2447},[15,94879,2450],{},[51,94881,94883,94884],{"id":94882},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94885,94491],{},[20,94887,94888,94889,94891],{},"A negative ",[15,94890,94491],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[56,94893,94895],{"className":58,"code":94894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94896,94897,94917,94937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94898,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94900,164],{"class":163},[65,94902,151],{"class":79},[65,94904,94382],{"class":163},[65,94906,151],{"class":79},[65,94908,94550],{"class":83},[65,94910,87],{"class":79},[65,94912,1790],{"class":75},[65,94914,84],{"class":83},[65,94916,1028],{"class":79},[65,94918,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94920,164],{"class":163},[65,94922,151],{"class":79},[65,94924,94382],{"class":163},[65,94926,151],{"class":79},[65,94928,94550],{"class":83},[65,94930,87],{"class":79},[65,94932,1790],{"class":75},[65,94934,1624],{"class":83},[65,94936,1028],{"class":79},[65,94938,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949,94951,94953,94955],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94940,164],{"class":163},[65,94942,151],{"class":79},[65,94944,94382],{"class":163},[65,94946,151],{"class":79},[65,94948,94550],{"class":83},[65,94950,87],{"class":79},[65,94952,1790],{"class":75},[65,94954,111],{"class":83},[65,94956,1028],{"class":79},[20,94958,350],{},[56,94960,94962],{"className":58,"code":94961,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94963,94964,94969,94973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94965,94966],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94967,94968],{"class":83},"1230\n",[65,94970,94971],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,94972,94579],{"class":83},[65,94974,94975],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,94976,94977],{"class":83},"1000\n",[20,94979,65168],{},[33,94981,94982,94987,94993],{},[36,94983,94984,94986],{},[15,94985,65438],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,94988,94989,94992],{},[15,94990,94991],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,94994,94995,94997],{},[15,94996,47255],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94999,95000],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[51,95002,95004],{"id":95003},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95006,95007,95008,144],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95009,95010],{},".5",[20,95012,405],{},[56,95014,95016],{"className":58,"code":95015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95017,95018,95032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95019,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028,95030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95021,164],{"class":163},[65,95023,151],{"class":79},[65,95025,94382],{"class":163},[65,95027,151],{"class":79},[65,95029,40741],{"class":83},[65,95031,1028],{"class":79},[65,95033,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95035,164],{"class":163},[65,95037,151],{"class":79},[65,95039,94382],{"class":163},[65,95041,151],{"class":79},[65,95043,1607],{"class":83},[65,95045,1028],{"class":79},[20,95047,350],{},[56,95049,95051],{"className":58,"code":95050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n4\n",[15,95052,95053,95057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95054,95055],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95056,16632],{"class":83},[65,95058,95059],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95060,48235],{"class":83},[20,95062,95063,95064,95067,95068,95070],{},"Python uses ",[43,95065,95066],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95069,95010],{}," situations.",[20,95072,95073],{},"More examples:",[56,95075,95077],{"className":58,"code":95076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95078,95079,95093,95107,95121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95080,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95082,164],{"class":163},[65,95084,151],{"class":79},[65,95086,94382],{"class":163},[65,95088,151],{"class":79},[65,95090,40754],{"class":83},[65,95092,1028],{"class":79},[65,95094,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95096,164],{"class":163},[65,95098,151],{"class":79},[65,95100,94382],{"class":163},[65,95102,151],{"class":79},[65,95104,40741],{"class":83},[65,95106,1028],{"class":79},[65,95108,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95110,164],{"class":163},[65,95112,151],{"class":79},[65,95114,94382],{"class":163},[65,95116,151],{"class":79},[65,95118,1607],{"class":83},[65,95120,1028],{"class":79},[65,95122,95123,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95124,164],{"class":163},[65,95126,151],{"class":79},[65,95128,94382],{"class":163},[65,95130,151],{"class":79},[65,95132,40706],{"class":83},[65,95134,1028],{"class":79},[20,95136,350],{},[56,95138,95140],{"className":58,"code":95139,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95141,95142,95146,95150,95154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95143,95144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95145,16632],{"class":83},[65,95147,95148],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95149,16632],{"class":83},[65,95151,95152],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95153,48235],{"class":83},[65,95155,95156],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95157,48235],{"class":83},[20,95159,95160],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95162,10289],{},[33,95164,95165,95172],{},[36,95166,95167,1702,95170],{},[15,95168,95169],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95171,1624],{},[36,95173,95174,1702,95177],{},[15,95175,95176],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95178,2072],{},[20,95180,2736,95181,95183],{},[15,95182,95010],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[51,95185,95187],{"id":95186},"return-values","Return values",[20,95189,95190,95192],{},[15,95191,94341],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95194,40488,95195,95197],{},[43,95196,45],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[56,95199,95201],{"className":58,"code":95200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95202,95203,95212,95216,95226,95244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95204,95205,95207,95209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95206,2015],{"class":71},[65,95208,76],{"class":75},[65,95210,95211],{"class":83}," 3.14159\n",[65,95213,95214],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95215,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,95217,95218,95220,95222,95224],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95219,164],{"class":163},[65,95221,151],{"class":79},[65,95223,2040],{"class":147},[65,95225,157],{"class":79},[65,95227,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95229,164],{"class":163},[65,95231,151],{"class":79},[65,95233,94382],{"class":163},[65,95235,151],{"class":79},[65,95237,2040],{"class":147},[65,95239,87],{"class":79},[65,95241,90],{"class":83},[65,95243,1028],{"class":79},[65,95245,95246,95248,95250,95252],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,95247,164],{"class":163},[65,95249,151],{"class":79},[65,95251,2040],{"class":147},[65,95253,157],{"class":79},[20,95255,350],{},[56,95257,95259],{"className":58,"code":95258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95260,95261,95266,95270],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95262,95263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95264,95265],{"class":83},"3.14159\n",[65,95267,95268],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95269,39759],{"class":83},[65,95271,95272],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95273,95265],{"class":83},[20,95275,95276],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[56,95278,95280],{"className":58,"code":95279,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95281,95282,95290,95308,95312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95283,95284,95286,95288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95285,2015],{"class":71},[65,95287,76],{"class":75},[65,95289,95211],{"class":83},[65,95291,95292,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95293,2015],{"class":71},[65,95295,76],{"class":75},[65,95297,94659],{"class":163},[65,95299,151],{"class":79},[65,95301,2040],{"class":147},[65,95303,87],{"class":79},[65,95305,90],{"class":83},[65,95307,157],{"class":79},[65,95309,95310],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95311,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,95313,95314,95316,95318,95320],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95315,164],{"class":163},[65,95317,151],{"class":79},[65,95319,2040],{"class":147},[65,95321,157],{"class":79},[20,95323,350],{},[56,95325,95326],{"className":58,"code":39759,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95327,95328],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95329,95330],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95331,39759],{"class":83},[51,95333,4529,95335],{"id":95334},"when-to-use-round",[15,95336,94341],{},[20,95338,1660,95339,5887],{},[15,95340,94341],{},[33,95342,95343,95346,95349,95352],{},[36,95344,95345],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,95347,95348],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,95350,95351],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,95353,95354],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95356,405],{},[56,95358,95360],{"className":58,"code":95359,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95361,95362,95371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95363,95364,95366,95368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95365,2162],{"class":71},[65,95367,76],{"class":75},[65,95369,95370],{"class":83}," 12.67891\n",[65,95372,95373,95375,95377,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95374,164],{"class":163},[65,95376,151],{"class":79},[65,95378,94382],{"class":163},[65,95380,151],{"class":79},[65,95382,2185],{"class":147},[65,95384,87],{"class":79},[65,95386,90],{"class":83},[65,95388,1028],{"class":79},[20,95390,350],{},[56,95392,95394],{"className":58,"code":95393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"12.68\n",[15,95395,95396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95397,95398],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95399,95393],{"class":83},[51,95401,2396],{"id":2395},[20,95403,22669,95404,144],{},[15,95405,94341],{},[1286,95407,8030,95409,95411,95412,95414],{"id":95408},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95410,94341],{}," to always round ",[15,95413,95010],{}," upward",[20,95416,95417],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[56,95419,95420],{"className":58,"code":95015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95421,95422,95436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95423,95424,95426,95428,95430,95432,95434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95425,164],{"class":163},[65,95427,151],{"class":79},[65,95429,94382],{"class":163},[65,95431,151],{"class":79},[65,95433,40741],{"class":83},[65,95435,1028],{"class":79},[65,95437,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95439,164],{"class":163},[65,95441,151],{"class":79},[65,95443,94382],{"class":163},[65,95445,151],{"class":79},[65,95447,1607],{"class":83},[65,95449,1028],{"class":79},[20,95451,350],{},[56,95453,95454],{"className":58,"code":95050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95455,95456,95460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95457,95458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95459,16632],{"class":83},[65,95461,95462],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95463,48235],{"class":83},[20,95465,95466],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1286,95468,95470],{"id":95469},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95472,95473,95475],{},[15,95474,94341],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[56,95477,95479],{"className":58,"code":95478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95480,95481,95489,95503,95507],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95482,95483,95485,95487],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95484,2015],{"class":71},[65,95486,76],{"class":75},[65,95488,95211],{"class":83},[65,95490,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95492,94382],{"class":163},[65,95494,151],{"class":79},[65,95496,2040],{"class":147},[65,95498,87],{"class":79},[65,95500,90],{"class":83},[65,95502,157],{"class":79},[65,95504,95505],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95506,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95510,164],{"class":163},[65,95512,151],{"class":79},[65,95514,2040],{"class":147},[65,95516,157],{"class":79},[20,95518,350],{},[56,95520,95521],{"className":58,"code":95265,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95522,95523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95524,95525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95526,95265],{"class":83},[20,95528,95529],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[56,95531,95533],{"className":58,"code":95532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95534,95535],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95536,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95538,2015],{"class":71},[65,95540,76],{"class":75},[65,95542,94659],{"class":163},[65,95544,151],{"class":79},[65,95546,2040],{"class":147},[65,95548,87],{"class":79},[65,95550,90],{"class":83},[65,95552,157],{"class":79},[1286,95554,95556],{"id":95555},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95558,15976],{},[56,95560,95562],{"className":58,"code":95561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95563,95564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95565,95566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95567,95561],{"class":175},[20,95569,95570],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[56,95572,95574],{"className":58,"code":95573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95575,95576,95588,95602,95606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95577,95578,95580,95582,95584,95586],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95579,34265],{"class":71},[65,95581,76],{"class":75},[65,95583,499],{"class":487},[65,95585,39725],{"class":491},[65,95587,2925],{"class":487},[65,95589,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95591,1785],{"class":71},[65,95593,76],{"class":75},[65,95595,39837],{"class":1259},[65,95597,151],{"class":79},[65,95599,34286],{"class":147},[65,95601,157],{"class":79},[65,95603,95604],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95605,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,95607,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95609,164],{"class":163},[65,95611,151],{"class":79},[65,95613,94382],{"class":163},[65,95615,151],{"class":79},[65,95617,1807],{"class":147},[65,95619,87],{"class":79},[65,95621,5066],{"class":83},[65,95623,1028],{"class":79},[20,95625,350],{},[56,95627,95629],{"className":58,"code":95628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.1\n",[15,95630,95631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95632,95633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95634,95628],{"class":83},[1286,95636,95638],{"id":95637},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95640,95641,95643],{},[15,95642,94341],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95645,95646,95647,214,95651,144],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[210,95648,95649],{"href":2447},[15,95650,2450],{},[210,95652,95653],{"href":2441},[15,95654,2444],{},[51,95656,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,95658,1289,95660,95662,95663,95665],{"id":95659},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95661,94341],{}," always round ",[15,95664,39796],{}," up?",[20,95667,95668],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1286,95670,1289,95672,95674],{"id":95671},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95673,94341],{}," change the original number?",[20,95676,95677],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1286,95679,4739,95681,95683],{"id":95680},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95682,94341],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95685,95686,95687,95689,95690,214,95692,144],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95688,94491],{}," value like ",[15,95691,65438],{},[15,95693,94991],{},[1286,95695,1316,95697,95699,95700,1304],{"id":95696},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95698,94341],{}," on a string like ",[15,95701,47679],{},[20,95703,95704,95705,214,95707,144],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95706,2450],{},[15,95708,2444],{},[51,95710,1455],{"id":1454},[33,95712,95713,95719,95725,95729],{},[36,95714,95715],{},[210,95716,3143,95717,3076],{"href":2447},[15,95718,2450],{},[36,95720,95721],{},[210,95722,3143,95723,3076],{"href":2441},[15,95724,2444],{},[36,95726,95727],{},[210,95728,1988],{"href":1987},[36,95730,95731],{},[210,95732,41764],{"href":40473},[1499,95734,95735],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":95737},[95738,95739,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95749,95750,95752,95759,95769],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":94433,"depth":101,"text":95740},"What round() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":94587,"depth":101,"text":95743},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94725,"depth":101,"text":95745},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94882,"depth":101,"text":95747},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95003,"depth":101,"text":95004},{"id":95186,"depth":101,"text":95187},{"id":95334,"depth":101,"text":95751},"When to use round()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":95753},[95754,95756,95757,95758],{"id":95408,"depth":126,"text":95755},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95469,"depth":126,"text":95470},{"id":95555,"depth":126,"text":95556},{"id":95637,"depth":126,"text":95638},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":95760},[95761,95763,95765,95767],{"id":95659,"depth":126,"text":95762},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95671,"depth":126,"text":95764},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95680,"depth":126,"text":95766},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95696,"depth":126,"text":95768},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94333,"description":95770},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95777,"title":95778,"body":95779,"description":96957,"extension":1528,"meta":96958,"navigation":129,"path":96959,"seo":96960,"stem":96961,"__hash__":96962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95780,"toc":96931},[95781,95787,95793,95796,95798,95847,95851,95876,95881,95886,95891,95905,95912,95914,95933,95935,95951,95954,95965,95967,95969,96030,96034,96067,96073,96080,96083,96116,96119,96123,96126,96179,96183,96204,96210,96217,96224,96285,96293,96370,96374,96386,96394,96396,96402,96408,96412,96465,96468,96526,96530,96538,96541,96545,96548,96558,96560,96657,96660,96671,96674,96717,96721,96745,96748,96754,96756,96760,96785,96787,96854,96863,96865,96871,96876,96880,96883,96887,96894,96898,96903,96905,96922,96928],[10,95782,13,95784,18],{"id":95783},"python-set-add-method",[15,95785,95786],{},"add()",[20,95788,95789,95792],{},[15,95790,95791],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95794,95795],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[51,95797,1570],{"id":1569},[56,95799,95801],{"className":58,"code":95800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95802,95803,95823,95837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95804,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813,95815,95817,95819,95821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95806,3185],{"class":71},[65,95808,76],{"class":75},[65,95810,80],{"class":79},[65,95812,84],{"class":83},[65,95814,87],{"class":79},[65,95816,90],{"class":83},[65,95818,87],{"class":79},[65,95820,95],{"class":83},[65,95822,98],{"class":79},[65,95824,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,95826,3215],{"class":71},[65,95828,144],{"class":79},[65,95830,81687],{"class":147},[65,95832,151],{"class":79},[65,95834,2072],{"class":83},[65,95836,157],{"class":79},[65,95838,95839,95841,95843,95845],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,95840,164],{"class":163},[65,95842,151],{"class":79},[65,95844,3215],{"class":147},[65,95846,157],{"class":79},[20,95848,95849],{},[43,95850,350],{},[56,95852,95854],{"className":58,"code":95853,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95855,95856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95857,95858,95860,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95859,360],{"class":79},[65,95861,84],{"class":83},[65,95863,87],{"class":79},[65,95865,90],{"class":83},[65,95867,87],{"class":79},[65,95869,95],{"class":83},[65,95871,87],{"class":79},[65,95873,116],{"class":83},[65,95875,98],{"class":79},[20,95877,1660,95878,95880],{},[15,95879,95786],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[51,95882,183,95884,186],{"id":95883},"what-setadd-does",[15,95885,95791],{},[20,95887,95888,95890],{},[15,95889,95791],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,95892,95893,95896,95899,95902],{},[36,95894,95895],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,95897,95898],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,95900,95901],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,95903,95904],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95906,208,95907,214,95909,144],{},[210,95908,213],{"href":212},[210,95910,95911],{"href":217},"how to create a set in Python",[51,95913,222],{"id":221},[56,95915,95917],{"className":58,"code":95916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95918,95919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95920,95921,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95922,15241],{"class":71},[65,95924,144],{"class":79},[65,95926,81687],{"class":147},[65,95928,151],{"class":79},[65,95930,22885],{"class":147},[65,95932,157],{"class":79},[20,95934,11034],{},[33,95936,95937,95942,95945],{},[36,95938,55495,95939,95941],{},[15,95940,95786],{}," on an existing set",[36,95943,95944],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,95946,95947,95948],{},"The item must be ",[43,95949,95950],{},"hashable",[20,95952,95953],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,95955,95956,95958,95960,95963],{},[36,95957,56048],{},[36,95959,56051],{},[36,95961,95962],{},"Tuples",[36,95964,40177],{},[51,95966,467],{"id":466},[20,95968,11052],{},[56,95970,95972],{"className":58,"code":95971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95973,95974,95998,96016,96020],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95975,95976,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988,95990,95992,95994,95996],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95977,12652],{"class":71},[65,95979,76],{"class":75},[65,95981,80],{"class":79},[65,95983,488],{"class":487},[65,95985,492],{"class":491},[65,95987,488],{"class":487},[65,95989,87],{"class":79},[65,95991,499],{"class":487},[65,95993,502],{"class":491},[65,95995,488],{"class":487},[65,95997,98],{"class":79},[65,95999,96000,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96001,17077],{"class":71},[65,96003,144],{"class":79},[65,96005,81687],{"class":147},[65,96007,151],{"class":79},[65,96009,488],{"class":487},[65,96011,511],{"class":491},[65,96013,488],{"class":487},[65,96015,157],{"class":79},[65,96017,96018],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96019,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96021,96022,96024,96026,96028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96023,164],{"class":163},[65,96025,151],{"class":79},[65,96027,17077],{"class":147},[65,96029,157],{"class":79},[20,96031,96032],{},[43,96033,1046],{},[56,96035,96037],{"className":58,"code":96036,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96038,96039],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96040,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96042,360],{"class":79},[65,96044,594],{"class":487},[65,96046,492],{"class":491},[65,96048,594],{"class":487},[65,96050,87],{"class":79},[65,96052,603],{"class":487},[65,96054,511],{"class":491},[65,96056,594],{"class":487},[65,96058,87],{"class":79},[65,96060,603],{"class":487},[65,96062,502],{"class":491},[65,96064,594],{"class":487},[65,96066,98],{"class":79},[20,96068,96069,96070,96072],{},"The new value ",[15,96071,627],{}," was added to the set.",[20,96074,96075,96076,96079],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[43,96077,96078],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96081,96082],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[56,96084,96086],{"className":58,"code":96085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96087,96088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96089,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96091,360],{"class":79},[65,96093,594],{"class":487},[65,96095,502],{"class":491},[65,96097,594],{"class":487},[65,96099,87],{"class":79},[65,96101,603],{"class":487},[65,96103,492],{"class":491},[65,96105,594],{"class":487},[65,96107,87],{"class":79},[65,96109,603],{"class":487},[65,96111,511],{"class":491},[65,96113,594],{"class":487},[65,96115,98],{"class":79},[20,96117,96118],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[51,96120,96122],{"id":96121},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96124,96125],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[56,96127,96129],{"className":58,"code":96128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96130,96131,96151,96165,96169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96132,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96134,3185],{"class":71},[65,96136,76],{"class":75},[65,96138,80],{"class":79},[65,96140,84],{"class":83},[65,96142,87],{"class":79},[65,96144,90],{"class":83},[65,96146,87],{"class":79},[65,96148,95],{"class":83},[65,96150,98],{"class":79},[65,96152,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96154,3215],{"class":71},[65,96156,144],{"class":79},[65,96158,81687],{"class":147},[65,96160,151],{"class":79},[65,96162,1624],{"class":83},[65,96164,157],{"class":79},[65,96166,96167],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96168,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96170,96171,96173,96175,96177],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96172,164],{"class":163},[65,96174,151],{"class":79},[65,96176,3215],{"class":147},[65,96178,157],{"class":79},[20,96180,96181],{},[43,96182,350],{},[56,96184,96186],{"className":58,"code":96185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96187,96188],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96189,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96191,360],{"class":79},[65,96193,84],{"class":83},[65,96195,87],{"class":79},[65,96197,90],{"class":83},[65,96199,87],{"class":79},[65,96201,95],{"class":83},[65,96203,98],{"class":79},[20,96205,96206,96207,96209],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96208,1624],{}," was already present.",[51,96211,96213,657,96215],{"id":96212},"add-vs-update",[15,96214,95786],{},[15,96216,14529],{},[20,96218,1660,96219,96221,96222,144],{},[15,96220,95786],{}," when you want to add ",[43,96223,52242],{},[56,96225,96227],{"className":58,"code":96226,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96228,96229,96253,96271,96275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96230,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96232,35670],{"class":71},[65,96234,76],{"class":75},[65,96236,80],{"class":79},[65,96238,488],{"class":487},[65,96240,210],{"class":491},[65,96242,488],{"class":487},[65,96244,87],{"class":79},[65,96246,499],{"class":487},[65,96248,154],{"class":491},[65,96250,488],{"class":487},[65,96252,98],{"class":79},[65,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96256,35723],{"class":71},[65,96258,144],{"class":79},[65,96260,81687],{"class":147},[65,96262,151],{"class":79},[65,96264,488],{"class":487},[65,96266,9317],{"class":491},[65,96268,488],{"class":487},[65,96270,157],{"class":79},[65,96272,96273],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96274,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96276,96277,96279,96281,96283],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96278,164],{"class":163},[65,96280,151],{"class":79},[65,96282,35723],{"class":147},[65,96284,157],{"class":79},[20,96286,1660,96287,96221,96289,96292],{},[15,96288,14529],{},[43,96290,96291],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[56,96294,96296],{"className":58,"code":96295,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96297,96298,96322,96356,96360],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96299,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96301,35670],{"class":71},[65,96303,76],{"class":75},[65,96305,80],{"class":79},[65,96307,488],{"class":487},[65,96309,210],{"class":491},[65,96311,488],{"class":487},[65,96313,87],{"class":79},[65,96315,499],{"class":487},[65,96317,154],{"class":491},[65,96319,488],{"class":487},[65,96321,98],{"class":79},[65,96323,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96325,35723],{"class":71},[65,96327,144],{"class":79},[65,96329,30039],{"class":147},[65,96331,2552],{"class":79},[65,96333,488],{"class":487},[65,96335,9317],{"class":491},[65,96337,488],{"class":487},[65,96339,87],{"class":79},[65,96341,499],{"class":487},[65,96343,18342],{"class":491},[65,96345,488],{"class":487},[65,96347,87],{"class":79},[65,96349,499],{"class":487},[65,96351,60032],{"class":491},[65,96353,488],{"class":487},[65,96355,3457],{"class":79},[65,96357,96358],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96359,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96361,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96363,164],{"class":163},[65,96365,151],{"class":79},[65,96367,35723],{"class":147},[65,96369,157],{"class":79},[1286,96371,96373],{"id":96372},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,96375,96376,96381],{},[36,96377,96378,96380],{},[15,96379,95786],{}," adds one item",[36,96382,96383,96385],{},[15,96384,14529],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96387,96388,96389,144],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[210,96390,1471,96392,1474],{"href":96391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,96393,14529],{},[51,96395,16994],{"id":16993},[20,96397,96398,1965,96400,144],{},[15,96399,95791],{},[15,96401,3344],{},[20,96403,96404,96405,96407],{},"That means you should ",[43,96406,45],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1286,96409,96411],{"id":96410},"correct","Correct",[56,96413,96415],{"className":58,"code":96414,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96416,96417,96437,96451,96455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96418,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96420,15204],{"class":71},[65,96422,76],{"class":75},[65,96424,80],{"class":79},[65,96426,84],{"class":83},[65,96428,87],{"class":79},[65,96430,90],{"class":83},[65,96432,87],{"class":79},[65,96434,95],{"class":83},[65,96436,98],{"class":79},[65,96438,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96440,15241],{"class":71},[65,96442,144],{"class":79},[65,96444,81687],{"class":147},[65,96446,151],{"class":79},[65,96448,2072],{"class":83},[65,96450,157],{"class":79},[65,96452,96453],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96454,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96456,96457,96459,96461,96463],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96458,164],{"class":163},[65,96460,151],{"class":79},[65,96462,15241],{"class":147},[65,96464,157],{"class":79},[1286,96466,96467],{"id":61354},"Wrong",[56,96469,96471],{"className":58,"code":96470,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96472,96473,96493,96512,96516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96476,15204],{"class":71},[65,96478,76],{"class":75},[65,96480,80],{"class":79},[65,96482,84],{"class":83},[65,96484,87],{"class":79},[65,96486,90],{"class":83},[65,96488,87],{"class":79},[65,96490,95],{"class":83},[65,96492,98],{"class":79},[65,96494,96495,96497,96499,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96496,15204],{"class":71},[65,96498,76],{"class":75},[65,96500,96501],{"class":71}," my_set",[65,96503,144],{"class":79},[65,96505,81687],{"class":147},[65,96507,151],{"class":79},[65,96509,2072],{"class":83},[65,96511,157],{"class":79},[65,96513,96514],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96515,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96517,96518,96520,96522,96524],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96519,164],{"class":163},[65,96521,151],{"class":79},[65,96523,15241],{"class":147},[65,96525,157],{"class":79},[20,96527,96528],{},[43,96529,350],{},[56,96531,96532],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,96533,96534],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96535,96536],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96537,11383],{"class":3419},[20,96539,96540],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[51,96542,96544],{"id":96543},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96546,96547],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,96549,96550,96552,96554,96556],{},[36,96551,56048],{},[36,96553,56051],{},[36,96555,95962],{},[36,96557,40177],{},[20,96559,267],{},[56,96561,96563],{"className":58,"code":96562,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96564,96565,96575,96579,96593,96611,96629,96643,96647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96566,96567,96569,96571,96573],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96568,7353],{"class":71},[65,96570,76],{"class":75},[65,96572,1386],{"class":1259},[65,96574,8220],{"class":79},[65,96576,96577],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96578,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96582,7384],{"class":71},[65,96584,144],{"class":79},[65,96586,81687],{"class":147},[65,96588,151],{"class":79},[65,96590,1898],{"class":83},[65,96592,157],{"class":79},[65,96594,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96596,7384],{"class":71},[65,96598,144],{"class":79},[65,96600,81687],{"class":147},[65,96602,151],{"class":79},[65,96604,488],{"class":487},[65,96606,3412],{"class":491},[65,96608,488],{"class":487},[65,96610,157],{"class":79},[65,96612,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,96614,7384],{"class":71},[65,96616,144],{"class":79},[65,96618,81687],{"class":147},[65,96620,5079],{"class":79},[65,96622,84],{"class":83},[65,96624,87],{"class":79},[65,96626,90],{"class":83},[65,96628,1028],{"class":79},[65,96630,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,96632,7384],{"class":71},[65,96634,144],{"class":79},[65,96636,81687],{"class":147},[65,96638,151],{"class":79},[65,96640,3172],{"class":3419},[65,96642,157],{"class":79},[65,96644,96645],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,96646,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,96648,96649,96651,96653,96655],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,96650,164],{"class":163},[65,96652,151],{"class":79},[65,96654,7384],{"class":147},[65,96656,157],{"class":79},[20,96658,96659],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,96661,96662,96665,96668],{},[36,96663,96664],{},"Lists",[36,96666,96667],{},"Dictionaries",[36,96669,96670],{},"Sets",[20,96672,96673],{},"Example that causes an error:",[56,96675,96677],{"className":58,"code":96676,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96678,96679,96699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96680,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96682,7353],{"class":71},[65,96684,76],{"class":75},[65,96686,80],{"class":79},[65,96688,84],{"class":83},[65,96690,87],{"class":79},[65,96692,90],{"class":83},[65,96694,87],{"class":79},[65,96696,95],{"class":83},[65,96698,98],{"class":79},[65,96700,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96702,7384],{"class":71},[65,96704,144],{"class":79},[65,96706,81687],{"class":147},[65,96708,2552],{"class":79},[65,96710,2072],{"class":83},[65,96712,87],{"class":79},[65,96714,121],{"class":83},[65,96716,3457],{"class":79},[20,96718,96719],{},[43,96720,29256],{},[56,96722,96724],{"className":58,"code":96723,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96725,96726],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96727,96728,96730,96732,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96729,2571],{"class":1259},[65,96731,191],{"class":79},[65,96733,96734],{"class":71}," unhashable ",[65,96736,1260],{"class":1259},[65,96738,191],{"class":79},[65,96740,603],{"class":487},[65,96742,7669],{"class":491},[65,96744,29275],{"class":487},[20,96746,96747],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96749,96750,96751,144],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96752,96753],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[51,96755,2396],{"id":2395},[20,96757,14308,96758,191],{},[15,96759,95791],{},[33,96761,96762,96767,96772,96775,96782],{},[36,96763,7994,96764,96766],{},[15,96765,95786],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,96768,8030,96769,96771],{},[15,96770,95786],{}," to return the updated set",[36,96773,96774],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,96776,36784,96777,96779,96780],{},[15,96778,95791],{}," with list ",[15,96781,52238],{},[36,96783,96784],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96786,71090],{},[56,96788,96790],{"className":58,"code":96789,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96791,96792,96802,96816,96826,96840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96793,96794,96796,96798,96800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96795,164],{"class":163},[65,96797,151],{"class":79},[65,96799,15241],{"class":147},[65,96801,157],{"class":79},[65,96803,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,96805,164],{"class":163},[65,96807,151],{"class":79},[65,96809,1260],{"class":1259},[65,96811,151],{"class":79},[65,96813,15241],{"class":147},[65,96815,1028],{"class":79},[65,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,96819,164],{"class":163},[65,96821,151],{"class":79},[65,96823,2040],{"class":147},[65,96825,157],{"class":79},[65,96827,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96829,164],{"class":163},[65,96831,151],{"class":79},[65,96833,1260],{"class":1259},[65,96835,151],{"class":79},[65,96837,2040],{"class":147},[65,96839,1028],{"class":79},[65,96841,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,96843,31728],{"class":163},[65,96845,151],{"class":79},[65,96847,1401],{"class":1259},[65,96849,144],{"class":79},[65,96851,81687],{"class":24325},[65,96853,157],{"class":79},[20,96855,96856,96857,96859,96860,144],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96858,95791],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[210,96861,52635],{"href":96862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[51,96864,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,96866,1289,96868,96870],{"id":96867},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96869,95791],{}," return a new set?",[20,96872,96873,96874,144],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96875,3344],{},[1286,96877,96879],{"id":96878},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96881,96882],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1286,96884,96886],{"id":96885},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96888,1660,96889,10667,96892,144],{},[15,96890,96891],{},"set.update()",[15,96893,95786],{},[1286,96895,96897],{"id":96896},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96899,96900,96901,144],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96902,2571],{},[51,96904,1455],{"id":1454},[33,96906,96907,96911,96916],{},[36,96908,96909],{},[210,96910,213],{"href":212},[36,96912,96913],{},[210,96914,96915],{"href":217},"How to create a set in Python",[36,96917,96918],{},[210,96919,1471,96920,1474],{"href":96391},[15,96921,14529],{},[20,96923,96924,96925,96927],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96926,95786],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1499,96929,96930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":96932},[96933,96934,96936,96937,96938,96939,96943,96947,96948,96949,96956],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":95883,"depth":101,"text":96935},"What set.add() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":96121,"depth":101,"text":96122},{"id":96212,"depth":101,"text":96940,"children":96941},"add() vs update()",[96942],{"id":96372,"depth":126,"text":96373},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994,"children":96944},[96945,96946],{"id":96410,"depth":126,"text":96411},{"id":61354,"depth":126,"text":96467},{"id":96543,"depth":101,"text":96544},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":96950},[96951,96953,96954,96955],{"id":96867,"depth":126,"text":96952},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96878,"depth":126,"text":96879},{"id":96885,"depth":126,"text":96886},{"id":96896,"depth":126,"text":96897},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95778,"description":96957},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96964,"title":96965,"body":96966,"description":98135,"extension":1528,"meta":98136,"navigation":129,"path":98137,"seo":98138,"stem":98139,"__hash__":98140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96967,"toc":98102},[96968,96973,96979,96986,97031,97033,97044,97049,97054,97058,97072,97077,97079,97081,97096,97098,97112,97114,97116,97181,97183,97193,97195,97213,97219,97226,97231,97305,97307,97324,97330,97335,97406,97408,97435,97452,97455,97461,97463,97470,97474,97541,97543,97558,97561,97614,97616,97624,97636,97638,97642,97647,97649,97698,97700,97708,97710,97755,97757,97767,97773,97781,97794,97800,97802,97831,97833,97851,97855,97858,97889,97891,97909,97913,97988,97990,98006,98013,98015,98020,98025,98031,98034,98038,98046,98053,98061,98063,98099],[10,96969,13,96971,18],{"id":96970},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96972,10897],{},[20,96974,96975,96978],{},[15,96976,96977],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96980,96981,96982,96985],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[43,96983,96984],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[56,96987,96989],{"className":58,"code":96988,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96990,96991,97011,97021],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96992,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96994,3185],{"class":71},[65,96996,76],{"class":75},[65,96998,80],{"class":79},[65,97000,84],{"class":83},[65,97002,87],{"class":79},[65,97004,90],{"class":83},[65,97006,87],{"class":79},[65,97008,95],{"class":83},[65,97010,98],{"class":79},[65,97012,97013,97015,97017,97019],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97014,3215],{"class":71},[65,97016,144],{"class":79},[65,97018,10958],{"class":147},[65,97020,8220],{"class":79},[65,97022,97023,97025,97027,97029],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97024,164],{"class":163},[65,97026,151],{"class":79},[65,97028,3215],{"class":147},[65,97030,157],{"class":79},[20,97032,350],{},[56,97034,97036],{"className":58,"code":97035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n",[15,97037,97038],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97039,97040,97042],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97041,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97043,8220],{"class":79},[20,97045,97046,97048],{},[15,97047,10897],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[51,97050,183,97052,186],{"id":97051},"what-setclear-does",[15,97053,96977],{},[20,97055,1545,97056,10988],{},[15,97057,10897],{},[33,97059,97060,97063,97065,97069],{},[36,97061,97062],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,97064,95898],{},[36,97066,10999,97067],{},[15,97068,3344],{},[36,97070,97071],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97073,208,97074,71189],{},[210,97075,213],{"href":97076},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[51,97078,222],{"id":221},[20,97080,54033],{},[56,97082,97084],{"className":58,"code":97083,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97085,97086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97087,97088,97090,97092,97094],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97089,15241],{"class":71},[65,97091,144],{"class":79},[65,97093,10958],{"class":147},[65,97095,8220],{"class":79},[20,97097,12628],{},[33,97099,97100,97103,97106,97109],{},[36,97101,97102],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,97104,97105],{},"It empties the set",[36,97107,97108],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,97110,97111],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[51,97113,467],{"id":466},[20,97115,11052],{},[56,97117,97119],{"className":58,"code":97118,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97120,97121,97153,97157,97167,97171],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97122,97123,97125,97127,97129,97131,97133,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97124,12652],{"class":71},[65,97126,76],{"class":75},[65,97128,80],{"class":79},[65,97130,488],{"class":487},[65,97132,492],{"class":491},[65,97134,488],{"class":487},[65,97136,87],{"class":79},[65,97138,499],{"class":487},[65,97140,511],{"class":491},[65,97142,488],{"class":487},[65,97144,87],{"class":79},[65,97146,499],{"class":487},[65,97148,502],{"class":491},[65,97150,488],{"class":487},[65,97152,98],{"class":79},[65,97154,97155],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97156,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97158,97159,97161,97163,97165],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97160,17077],{"class":71},[65,97162,144],{"class":79},[65,97164,10958],{"class":147},[65,97166,8220],{"class":79},[65,97168,97169],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97170,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97172,97173,97175,97177,97179],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,97174,164],{"class":163},[65,97176,151],{"class":79},[65,97178,17077],{"class":147},[65,97180,157],{"class":79},[20,97182,350],{},[56,97184,97185],{"className":58,"code":97035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97186,97187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97188,97189,97191],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97190,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97192,8220],{"class":79},[20,97194,11258],{},[33,97196,97197,97202,97207],{},[36,97198,97199,97201],{},[15,97200,17077],{}," starts with three values",[36,97203,97204,11271],{},[15,97205,97206],{},"colors.clear()",[36,97208,97209,97210,97212],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97211,3363],{},", which means an empty set",[51,97214,97216,97218],{"id":97215},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97217,10897],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97220,97221,634,97223,97225],{},[15,97222,10897],{},[15,97224,3363],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1286,97227,7994,97229],{"id":97228},"using-clear",[15,97230,10897],{},[56,97232,97234],{"className":58,"code":97233,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97235,97236,97256,97266,97270,97280,97284,97294],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97237,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97239,7353],{"class":71},[65,97241,76],{"class":75},[65,97243,80],{"class":79},[65,97245,84],{"class":83},[65,97247,87],{"class":79},[65,97249,90],{"class":83},[65,97251,87],{"class":79},[65,97253,95],{"class":83},[65,97255,98],{"class":79},[65,97257,97258,97261,97263],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97259,97260],{"class":71},"other_name ",[65,97262,76],{"class":75},[65,97264,97265],{"class":71}," items\n",[65,97267,97268],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97269,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97271,97272,97274,97276,97278],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97273,7384],{"class":71},[65,97275,144],{"class":79},[65,97277,10958],{"class":147},[65,97279,8220],{"class":79},[65,97281,97282],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,97283,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97285,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,97287,164],{"class":163},[65,97289,151],{"class":79},[65,97291,7384],{"class":147},[65,97293,157],{"class":79},[65,97295,97296,97298,97300,97303],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,97297,164],{"class":163},[65,97299,151],{"class":79},[65,97301,97302],{"class":147},"other_name",[65,97304,157],{"class":79},[20,97306,350],{},[56,97308,97310],{"className":58,"code":97309,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97311,97312,97318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97313,97314,97316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97315,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97317,8220],{"class":79},[65,97319,97320,97322],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97321,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97323,8220],{"class":79},[20,97325,97326,97327,144],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[43,97328,97329],{},"same set object",[1286,97331,7994,97333],{"id":97332},"using-set",[15,97334,3363],{},[56,97336,97338],{"className":58,"code":97337,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97339,97340,97360,97368,97372,97382,97386,97396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97341,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352,97354,97356,97358],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97343,7353],{"class":71},[65,97345,76],{"class":75},[65,97347,80],{"class":79},[65,97349,84],{"class":83},[65,97351,87],{"class":79},[65,97353,90],{"class":83},[65,97355,87],{"class":79},[65,97357,95],{"class":83},[65,97359,98],{"class":79},[65,97361,97362,97364,97366],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97363,97260],{"class":71},[65,97365,76],{"class":75},[65,97367,97265],{"class":71},[65,97369,97370],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97371,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97373,97374,97376,97378,97380],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97375,7353],{"class":71},[65,97377,76],{"class":75},[65,97379,1386],{"class":1259},[65,97381,8220],{"class":79},[65,97383,97384],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,97385,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97387,97388,97390,97392,97394],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,97389,164],{"class":163},[65,97391,151],{"class":79},[65,97393,7384],{"class":147},[65,97395,157],{"class":79},[65,97397,97398,97400,97402,97404],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,97399,164],{"class":163},[65,97401,151],{"class":79},[65,97403,97302],{"class":147},[65,97405,157],{"class":79},[20,97407,350],{},[56,97409,97411],{"className":58,"code":97410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97412,97413,97419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97414,97415,97417],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97416,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97418,8220],{"class":79},[65,97420,97421,97423,97425,97427,97429,97431,97433],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97422,360],{"class":79},[65,97424,84],{"class":83},[65,97426,87],{"class":79},[65,97428,90],{"class":83},[65,97430,87],{"class":79},[65,97432,95],{"class":83},[65,97434,98],{"class":79},[20,97436,20346,97437,92676,97440,97443,97444,144,97446,97448,97449,97451],{},[15,97438,97439],{},"items = set()",[43,97441,97442],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97445,7384],{},[1123,97447],{},"\nBut ",[15,97450,97302],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97453,97454],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97456,97457,97458,144],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[210,97459,95911],{"href":97460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[51,97462,16994],{"id":16993},[20,97464,97465,13628,97467,97469],{},[15,97466,10897],{},[43,97468,45],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97471,4717,97472,144],{},[15,97473,3344],{},[56,97475,97477],{"className":58,"code":97476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97478,97479,97499,97503,97517,97521,97531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97480,97481,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97482,3185],{"class":71},[65,97484,76],{"class":75},[65,97486,80],{"class":79},[65,97488,84],{"class":83},[65,97490,87],{"class":79},[65,97492,90],{"class":83},[65,97494,87],{"class":79},[65,97496,95],{"class":83},[65,97498,98],{"class":79},[65,97500,97501],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97502,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97504,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513,97515],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97506,136],{"class":71},[65,97508,76],{"class":75},[65,97510,3833],{"class":71},[65,97512,144],{"class":79},[65,97514,10958],{"class":147},[65,97516,8220],{"class":79},[65,97518,97519],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97520,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97522,97523,97525,97527,97529],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,97524,164],{"class":163},[65,97526,151],{"class":79},[65,97528,169],{"class":147},[65,97530,157],{"class":79},[65,97532,97533,97535,97537,97539],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,97534,164],{"class":163},[65,97536,151],{"class":79},[65,97538,3215],{"class":147},[65,97540,157],{"class":79},[20,97542,350],{},[56,97544,97546],{"className":58,"code":97545,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\nset()\n",[15,97547,97548,97552],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97549,97550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97551,11383],{"class":3419},[65,97553,97554,97556],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97555,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97557,8220],{"class":79},[20,97559,97560],{},"Do not do this:",[56,97562,97564],{"className":58,"code":97563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97565,97566,97586,97600,97604],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97567,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97569,3185],{"class":71},[65,97571,76],{"class":75},[65,97573,80],{"class":79},[65,97575,84],{"class":83},[65,97577,87],{"class":79},[65,97579,90],{"class":83},[65,97581,87],{"class":79},[65,97583,95],{"class":83},[65,97585,98],{"class":79},[65,97587,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97589,3185],{"class":71},[65,97591,76],{"class":75},[65,97593,3833],{"class":71},[65,97595,144],{"class":79},[65,97597,10958],{"class":147},[65,97599,8220],{"class":79},[65,97601,97602],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97603,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97605,97606,97608,97610,97612],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97607,164],{"class":163},[65,97609,151],{"class":79},[65,97611,3215],{"class":147},[65,97613,157],{"class":79},[20,97615,350],{},[56,97617,97618],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97619,97620],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97621,97622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97623,11383],{"class":3419},[20,97625,21764,97626,1965,97628,97630,97631,97633,97634,144],{},[15,97627,54146],{},[15,97629,3344],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97632,3344],{}," back to ",[15,97635,3215],{},[51,97637,1109],{"id":1108},[20,97639,10323,97640,144],{},[15,97641,96977],{},[1286,97643,12170,97645],{"id":97644},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97646,10897],{},[20,97648,16219],{},[56,97650,97652],{"className":58,"code":97651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97653,97654,97674,97688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97655,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97657,15204],{"class":71},[65,97659,76],{"class":75},[65,97661,80],{"class":79},[65,97663,84],{"class":83},[65,97665,87],{"class":79},[65,97667,90],{"class":83},[65,97669,87],{"class":79},[65,97671,95],{"class":83},[65,97673,98],{"class":79},[65,97675,97676,97678,97680,97682,97684,97686],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97677,15204],{"class":71},[65,97679,76],{"class":75},[65,97681,96501],{"class":71},[65,97683,144],{"class":79},[65,97685,10958],{"class":147},[65,97687,8220],{"class":79},[65,97689,97690,97692,97694,97696],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97691,164],{"class":163},[65,97693,151],{"class":79},[65,97695,15241],{"class":147},[65,97697,157],{"class":79},[20,97699,350],{},[56,97701,97702],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97703,97704],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97705,97706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97707,11383],{"class":3419},[20,97709,16231],{},[56,97711,97713],{"className":58,"code":97712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97714,97715,97735,97745],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97716,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97718,15204],{"class":71},[65,97720,76],{"class":75},[65,97722,80],{"class":79},[65,97724,84],{"class":83},[65,97726,87],{"class":79},[65,97728,90],{"class":83},[65,97730,87],{"class":79},[65,97732,95],{"class":83},[65,97734,98],{"class":79},[65,97736,97737,97739,97741,97743],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97738,15241],{"class":71},[65,97740,144],{"class":79},[65,97742,10958],{"class":147},[65,97744,8220],{"class":79},[65,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97748,164],{"class":163},[65,97750,151],{"class":79},[65,97752,15241],{"class":147},[65,97754,157],{"class":79},[20,97756,350],{},[56,97758,97759],{"className":58,"code":97035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97760,97761],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97762,97763,97765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97764,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97766,8220],{"class":79},[1286,97768,8030,97770,97772],{"id":97769},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97771,10897],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97774,97775,97777,97778,97780],{},[15,97776,10897],{}," removes ",[43,97779,3281],{}," items from the set.",[20,97782,97783,97784,214,97789,144],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[210,97785,97787],{"href":97786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97788,55115],{},[210,97790,97792],{"href":97791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97793,12338],{},[1286,97795,7994,97797,97799],{"id":97796},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97798,3358],{}," for an empty set",[20,97801,25266],{},[56,97803,97805],{"className":58,"code":97804,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97806,97807,97816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97808,97809,97812,97814],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97810,97811],{"class":71},"empty_value ",[65,97813,76],{"class":75},[65,97815,9416],{"class":79},[65,97817,97818,97820,97822,97824,97826,97829],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97819,164],{"class":163},[65,97821,151],{"class":79},[65,97823,1260],{"class":1259},[65,97825,151],{"class":79},[65,97827,97828],{"class":147},"empty_value",[65,97830,1028],{"class":79},[20,97832,350],{},[56,97834,97835],{"className":58,"code":8386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97836,97837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97838,97839,97841,97843,97845,97847,97849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97840,2857],{"class":75},[65,97842,2860],{"class":1632},[65,97844,603],{"class":487},[65,97846,8399],{"class":491},[65,97848,594],{"class":487},[65,97850,2869],{"class":75},[20,97852,97853,8366],{},[15,97854,3358],{},[20,97856,97857],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[56,97859,97861],{"className":58,"code":97860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97862,97863,97874],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97864,97865,97868,97870,97872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97866,97867],{"class":71},"empty_set ",[65,97869,76],{"class":75},[65,97871,1386],{"class":1259},[65,97873,8220],{"class":79},[65,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97887],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97877,164],{"class":163},[65,97879,151],{"class":79},[65,97881,1260],{"class":1259},[65,97883,151],{"class":79},[65,97885,97886],{"class":147},"empty_set",[65,97888,1028],{"class":79},[20,97890,350],{},[56,97892,97893],{"className":58,"code":8430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97894,97895],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903,97905,97907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97898,2857],{"class":75},[65,97900,2860],{"class":1632},[65,97902,603],{"class":487},[65,97904,1401],{"class":491},[65,97906,594],{"class":487},[65,97908,2869],{"class":75},[1286,97910,97912],{"id":97911},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[56,97914,97916],{"className":58,"code":97915,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97917,97918,97942,97950,97954,97964,97968,97978],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97921,72],{"class":71},[65,97923,76],{"class":75},[65,97925,80],{"class":79},[65,97927,488],{"class":487},[65,97929,1742],{"class":491},[65,97931,488],{"class":487},[65,97933,87],{"class":79},[65,97935,499],{"class":487},[65,97937,11320],{"class":491},[65,97939,488],{"class":487},[65,97941,98],{"class":79},[65,97943,97944,97946,97948],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,97945,104],{"class":71},[65,97947,76],{"class":75},[65,97949,35755],{"class":71},[65,97951,97952],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,97953,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97955,97956,97958,97960,97962],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97957,210],{"class":71},[65,97959,144],{"class":79},[65,97961,10958],{"class":147},[65,97963,8220],{"class":79},[65,97965,97966],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,97967,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,97969,97970,97972,97974,97976],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,97971,164],{"class":163},[65,97973,151],{"class":79},[65,97975,210],{"class":147},[65,97977,157],{"class":79},[65,97979,97980,97982,97984,97986],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,97981,164],{"class":163},[65,97983,151],{"class":79},[65,97985,154],{"class":147},[65,97987,157],{"class":79},[20,97989,350],{},[56,97991,97992],{"className":58,"code":97309,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97993,97994,98000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97995,97996,97998],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97997,1401],{"class":1259},[65,97999,8220],{"class":79},[65,98001,98002,98004],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98003,1401],{"class":1259},[65,98005,8220],{"class":79},[20,98007,28636,98008,634,98010,98012],{},[15,98009,210],{},[15,98011,154],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[51,98014,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,98016,4711,98018,4714],{"id":98017},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98019,96977],{},[20,98021,4717,98022,98024],{},[15,98023,3344],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1286,98026,1289,98028,98030],{"id":98027},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98029,10897],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98032,98033],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1286,98035,98037],{"id":98036},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98039,98040,98041,98043,98044,144],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98042,10897],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98045,3363],{},[1286,98047,1299,98049,634,98051,1304],{"id":98048},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98050,10897],{},[15,98052,3363],{},[20,98054,98055,98057,98058,98060],{},[15,98056,10897],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98059,3363],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[51,98062,1455],{"id":1454},[33,98064,98065,98069,98073,98080,98086,98092],{},[36,98066,98067],{},[210,98068,213],{"href":97076},[36,98070,98071],{},[210,98072,96915],{"href":97460},[36,98074,98075],{},[210,98076,1471,98078,1474],{"href":98077},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98079,95786],{},[36,98081,98082],{},[210,98083,1471,98084,1474],{"href":97786},[15,98085,55115],{},[36,98087,98088],{},[210,98089,1471,98090,1474],{"href":97791},[15,98091,12338],{},[36,98093,98094],{},[210,98095,1471,98097,1474],{"href":98096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98098,14529],{},[1499,98100,98101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":98103},[98104,98106,98107,98108,98115,98116,98125,98134],{"id":97051,"depth":101,"text":98105},"What set.clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":97215,"depth":101,"text":98109,"children":98110},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98111,98113],{"id":97228,"depth":126,"text":98112},"Using clear()",{"id":97332,"depth":126,"text":98114},"Using set()",{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":98117},[98118,98120,98122,98124],{"id":97644,"depth":126,"text":98119},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97769,"depth":126,"text":98121},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97796,"depth":126,"text":98123},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97911,"depth":126,"text":97912},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":98126},[98127,98129,98131,98132],{"id":98017,"depth":126,"text":98128},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98027,"depth":126,"text":98130},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98036,"depth":126,"text":98037},{"id":98048,"depth":126,"text":98133},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96965,"description":98135},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98142,"title":98143,"body":98144,"description":99973,"extension":1528,"meta":99974,"navigation":129,"path":217,"seo":99975,"stem":99976,"__hash__":99977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98145,"toc":99930},[98146,98149,98152,98155,98157,98260,98264,98311,98317,98319,98338,98342,98345,98347,98361,98370,98374,98377,98412,98416,98436,98439,98443,98446,98507,98511,98536,98543,98549,98554,98556,98568,98572,98621,98625,98649,98655,98659,98700,98704,98725,98729,98762,98766,98807,98810,98814,98819,98858,98862,98887,98892,98898,98935,98939,98962,98966,98968,98971,98974,99051,99055,99092,99095,99099,99105,99108,99118,99167,99173,99179,99206,99209,99231,99233,99264,99267,99271,99275,99314,99318,99381,99384,99417,99421,99446,99448,99451,99457,99460,99487,99490,99508,99512,99516,99519,99562,99565,99569,99572,99575,99605,99608,99612,99615,99630,99635,99639,99642,99731,99733,99736,99826,99829,99847,99849,99853,99862,99866,99874,99878,99881,99885,99888,99892,99895,99897,99924,99927],[10,98147,98143],{"id":98148},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98150,98151],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98153,98154],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[51,98156,54],{"id":53},[56,98158,98160],{"className":58,"code":98159,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98161,98162,98182,98216,98226,98230,98240,98250],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98163,98164,98166,98168,98170,98172,98174,98176,98178,98180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98165,3185],{"class":71},[65,98167,76],{"class":75},[65,98169,80],{"class":79},[65,98171,84],{"class":83},[65,98173,87],{"class":79},[65,98175,90],{"class":83},[65,98177,87],{"class":79},[65,98179,95],{"class":83},[65,98181,98],{"class":79},[65,98183,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98185,3639],{"class":71},[65,98187,76],{"class":75},[65,98189,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98191,2552],{"class":79},[65,98193,488],{"class":487},[65,98195,3648],{"class":491},[65,98197,488],{"class":487},[65,98199,87],{"class":79},[65,98201,499],{"class":487},[65,98203,3657],{"class":491},[65,98205,488],{"class":487},[65,98207,87],{"class":79},[65,98209,499],{"class":487},[65,98211,3648],{"class":491},[65,98213,488],{"class":487},[65,98215,3457],{"class":79},[65,98217,98218,98220,98222,98224],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,98219,97867],{"class":71},[65,98221,76],{"class":75},[65,98223,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98225,8220],{"class":79},[65,98227,98228],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98229,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,98231,98232,98234,98236,98238],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,98233,164],{"class":163},[65,98235,151],{"class":79},[65,98237,3215],{"class":147},[65,98239,157],{"class":79},[65,98241,98242,98244,98246,98248],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,98243,164],{"class":163},[65,98245,151],{"class":79},[65,98247,3683],{"class":147},[65,98249,157],{"class":79},[65,98251,98252,98254,98256,98258],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,98253,164],{"class":163},[65,98255,151],{"class":79},[65,98257,97886],{"class":147},[65,98259,157],{"class":79},[20,98261,98262],{},[43,98263,350],{},[56,98265,98267],{"className":58,"code":98266,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98268,98269,98285,98305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98270,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98272,360],{"class":79},[65,98274,84],{"class":83},[65,98276,87],{"class":79},[65,98278,90],{"class":83},[65,98280,87],{"class":79},[65,98282,95],{"class":83},[65,98284,98],{"class":79},[65,98286,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98288,360],{"class":79},[65,98290,594],{"class":487},[65,98292,3657],{"class":491},[65,98294,594],{"class":487},[65,98296,87],{"class":79},[65,98298,603],{"class":487},[65,98300,3648],{"class":491},[65,98302,594],{"class":487},[65,98304,98],{"class":79},[65,98306,98307,98309],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,98308,1401],{"class":1259},[65,98310,8220],{"class":79},[20,98312,98313,98314,98316],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98315,3363],{}," for an empty set.",[51,98318,14738],{"id":14737},[33,98320,98321,98324,98329,98332,98335],{},[36,98322,98323],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,98325,98326,98327],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98328,3363],{},[36,98330,98331],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,98333,98334],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,98336,98337],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[51,98339,98341],{"id":98340},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98343,98344],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98346,30115],{},[33,98348,98349,98352,98355,98358],{},[36,98350,98351],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,98353,98354],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,98356,98357],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,98359,98360],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98362,98363,98364,214,98366,144],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[210,98365,213],{"href":97076},[210,98367,98369],{"href":98368},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[51,98371,98373],{"id":98372},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98375,98376],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[56,98378,98380],{"className":58,"code":98379,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98381,98382,98402],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98383,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98385,3185],{"class":71},[65,98387,76],{"class":75},[65,98389,80],{"class":79},[65,98391,84],{"class":83},[65,98393,87],{"class":79},[65,98395,90],{"class":83},[65,98397,87],{"class":79},[65,98399,95],{"class":83},[65,98401,98],{"class":79},[65,98403,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98405,164],{"class":163},[65,98407,151],{"class":79},[65,98409,3215],{"class":147},[65,98411,157],{"class":79},[20,98413,98414],{},[43,98415,1046],{},[56,98417,98418],{"className":58,"code":96185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98419,98420],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98423,360],{"class":79},[65,98425,84],{"class":83},[65,98427,87],{"class":79},[65,98429,90],{"class":83},[65,98431,87],{"class":79},[65,98433,95],{"class":83},[65,98435,98],{"class":79},[20,98437,98438],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1286,98440,98442],{"id":98441},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98444,98445],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[56,98447,98449],{"className":58,"code":98448,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98450,98451,98483,98493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98452,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98454,3185],{"class":71},[65,98456,76],{"class":75},[65,98458,80],{"class":79},[65,98460,84],{"class":83},[65,98462,87],{"class":79},[65,98464,90],{"class":83},[65,98466,87],{"class":79},[65,98468,90],{"class":83},[65,98470,87],{"class":79},[65,98472,95],{"class":83},[65,98474,87],{"class":79},[65,98476,95],{"class":83},[65,98478,87],{"class":79},[65,98480,95],{"class":83},[65,98482,98],{"class":79},[65,98484,98485,98487,98489,98491],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98486,164],{"class":163},[65,98488,151],{"class":79},[65,98490,3215],{"class":147},[65,98492,157],{"class":79},[65,98494,98495,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,98496,164],{"class":163},[65,98498,151],{"class":79},[65,98500,10737],{"class":163},[65,98502,151],{"class":79},[65,98504,3215],{"class":147},[65,98506,1028],{"class":79},[20,98508,98509],{},[43,98510,1046],{},[56,98512,98514],{"className":58,"code":98513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98515,98516,98532],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98517,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98519,360],{"class":79},[65,98521,84],{"class":83},[65,98523,87],{"class":79},[65,98525,90],{"class":83},[65,98527,87],{"class":79},[65,98529,95],{"class":83},[65,98531,98],{"class":79},[65,98533,98534],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98535,46201],{"class":83},[20,98537,20553,98538,634,98540,98542],{},[15,98539,1624],{},[15,98541,111],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[51,98544,98546,98547],{"id":98545},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98548,3363],{},[20,98550,1660,98551,98553],{},[15,98552,3363],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98555,5026],{},[33,98557,98558,98560,98562,98564],{},[36,98559,96664],{},[36,98561,95962],{},[36,98563,56051],{},[36,98565,98566],{},[15,98567,35778],{},[1286,98569,98571],{"id":98570},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[56,98573,98575],{"className":58,"code":98574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98576,98577,98611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98578,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98580,3185],{"class":71},[65,98582,76],{"class":75},[65,98584,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98586,2552],{"class":79},[65,98588,84],{"class":83},[65,98590,87],{"class":79},[65,98592,90],{"class":83},[65,98594,87],{"class":79},[65,98596,90],{"class":83},[65,98598,87],{"class":79},[65,98600,95],{"class":83},[65,98602,87],{"class":79},[65,98604,95],{"class":83},[65,98606,87],{"class":79},[65,98608,116],{"class":83},[65,98610,3457],{"class":79},[65,98612,98613,98615,98617,98619],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98614,164],{"class":163},[65,98616,151],{"class":79},[65,98618,3215],{"class":147},[65,98620,157],{"class":79},[20,98622,98623],{},[43,98624,1046],{},[56,98626,98627],{"className":58,"code":95853,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98628,98629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98630,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98632,360],{"class":79},[65,98634,84],{"class":83},[65,98636,87],{"class":79},[65,98638,90],{"class":83},[65,98640,87],{"class":79},[65,98642,95],{"class":83},[65,98644,87],{"class":79},[65,98646,116],{"class":83},[65,98648,98],{"class":79},[20,98650,98651,98652,144],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[210,98653,1190],{"href":98654},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F",[1286,98656,98658],{"id":98657},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[56,98660,98662],{"className":58,"code":98661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98663,98664,98690],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98665,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686,98688],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98667,3389],{"class":71},[65,98669,76],{"class":75},[65,98671,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98673,5079],{"class":79},[65,98675,1898],{"class":83},[65,98677,87],{"class":79},[65,98679,7364],{"class":83},[65,98681,87],{"class":79},[65,98683,7364],{"class":83},[65,98685,87],{"class":79},[65,98687,7369],{"class":83},[65,98689,1028],{"class":79},[65,98691,98692,98694,98696,98698],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98693,164],{"class":163},[65,98695,151],{"class":79},[65,98697,4928],{"class":147},[65,98699,157],{"class":79},[20,98701,98702],{},[43,98703,1046],{},[56,98705,98707],{"className":58,"code":98706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98708,98709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98710,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98712,360],{"class":79},[65,98714,1898],{"class":83},[65,98716,87],{"class":79},[65,98718,7364],{"class":83},[65,98720,87],{"class":79},[65,98722,7369],{"class":83},[65,98724,98],{"class":79},[1286,98726,98728],{"id":98727},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[56,98730,98732],{"className":58,"code":98731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98733,98734,98752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98735,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98737,35670],{"class":71},[65,98739,76],{"class":75},[65,98741,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98743,151],{"class":79},[65,98745,488],{"class":487},[65,98747,3412],{"class":491},[65,98749,488],{"class":487},[65,98751,157],{"class":79},[65,98753,98754,98756,98758,98760],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98755,164],{"class":163},[65,98757,151],{"class":79},[65,98759,35723],{"class":147},[65,98761,157],{"class":79},[20,98763,98764],{},[43,98765,1046],{},[56,98767,98769],{"className":58,"code":98768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98770,98771],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98772,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98774,360],{"class":79},[65,98776,594],{"class":487},[65,98778,60023],{"class":491},[65,98780,594],{"class":487},[65,98782,87],{"class":79},[65,98784,603],{"class":487},[65,98786,60032],{"class":491},[65,98788,594],{"class":487},[65,98790,87],{"class":79},[65,98792,603],{"class":487},[65,98794,60041],{"class":491},[65,98796,594],{"class":487},[65,98798,87],{"class":79},[65,98800,603],{"class":487},[65,98802,60058],{"class":491},[65,98804,594],{"class":487},[65,98806,98],{"class":79},[20,98808,98809],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[51,98811,98813],{"id":98812},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98815,98816,98817,144],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98818,3363],{},[56,98820,98822],{"className":58,"code":98821,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98823,98824,98834,98844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98825,98826,98828,98830,98832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98827,97867],{"class":71},[65,98829,76],{"class":75},[65,98831,1386],{"class":1259},[65,98833,8220],{"class":79},[65,98835,98836,98838,98840,98842],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98837,164],{"class":163},[65,98839,151],{"class":79},[65,98841,97886],{"class":147},[65,98843,157],{"class":79},[65,98845,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,98847,164],{"class":163},[65,98849,151],{"class":79},[65,98851,1260],{"class":1259},[65,98853,151],{"class":79},[65,98855,97886],{"class":147},[65,98857,1028],{"class":79},[20,98859,98860],{},[43,98861,350],{},[56,98863,98865],{"className":58,"code":98864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98866,98867,98873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98868,98869,98871],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98870,1401],{"class":1259},[65,98872,8220],{"class":79},[65,98874,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98876,2857],{"class":75},[65,98878,2860],{"class":1632},[65,98880,603],{"class":487},[65,98882,1401],{"class":491},[65,98884,594],{"class":487},[65,98886,2869],{"class":75},[1286,98888,44013,98890],{"id":98889},"do-not-use",[15,98891,3358],{},[20,98893,98894,98895,98897],{},"Empty braces do ",[43,98896,45],{}," create a set.",[56,98899,98901],{"className":58,"code":98900,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98902,98903,98911,98921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98904,98905,98907,98909],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98906,97811],{"class":71},[65,98908,76],{"class":75},[65,98910,9416],{"class":79},[65,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98914,164],{"class":163},[65,98916,151],{"class":79},[65,98918,97828],{"class":147},[65,98920,157],{"class":79},[65,98922,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,98924,164],{"class":163},[65,98926,151],{"class":79},[65,98928,1260],{"class":1259},[65,98930,151],{"class":79},[65,98932,97828],{"class":147},[65,98934,1028],{"class":79},[20,98936,98937],{},[43,98938,350],{},[56,98940,98942],{"className":58,"code":98941,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98943,98944,98948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98945,98946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98947,9012],{"class":79},[65,98949,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,98951,2857],{"class":75},[65,98953,2860],{"class":1632},[65,98955,603],{"class":487},[65,98957,8399],{"class":491},[65,98959,594],{"class":487},[65,98961,2869],{"class":75},[20,98963,98964,8366],{},[15,98965,3358],{},[51,98967,71853],{"id":71852},[20,98969,98970],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98972,98973],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[56,98975,98977],{"className":58,"code":98976,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98978,98979,99027,99037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98980,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98982,3639],{"class":71},[65,98984,76],{"class":75},[65,98986,80],{"class":79},[65,98988,488],{"class":487},[65,98990,3648],{"class":491},[65,98992,488],{"class":487},[65,98994,87],{"class":79},[65,98996,499],{"class":487},[65,98998,3657],{"class":491},[65,99000,488],{"class":487},[65,99002,87],{"class":79},[65,99004,499],{"class":487},[65,99006,3648],{"class":491},[65,99008,488],{"class":487},[65,99010,87],{"class":79},[65,99012,499],{"class":487},[65,99014,3648],{"class":491},[65,99016,488],{"class":487},[65,99018,87],{"class":79},[65,99020,499],{"class":487},[65,99022,32797],{"class":491},[65,99024,488],{"class":487},[65,99026,98],{"class":79},[65,99028,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99030,164],{"class":163},[65,99032,151],{"class":79},[65,99034,3683],{"class":147},[65,99036,157],{"class":79},[65,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,99040,164],{"class":163},[65,99042,151],{"class":79},[65,99044,10737],{"class":163},[65,99046,151],{"class":79},[65,99048,3683],{"class":147},[65,99050,1028],{"class":79},[20,99052,99053],{},[43,99054,1046],{},[56,99056,99058],{"className":58,"code":99057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99059,99060,99088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99061,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99063,360],{"class":79},[65,99065,594],{"class":487},[65,99067,3657],{"class":491},[65,99069,594],{"class":487},[65,99071,87],{"class":79},[65,99073,603],{"class":487},[65,99075,32797],{"class":491},[65,99077,594],{"class":487},[65,99079,87],{"class":79},[65,99081,603],{"class":487},[65,99083,3648],{"class":491},[65,99085,594],{"class":487},[65,99087,98],{"class":79},[65,99089,99090],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99091,46201],{"class":83},[20,99093,99094],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[51,99096,99098],{"id":99097},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99100,99101,99102,99104],{},"Set items must be ",[43,99103,95950],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99106,99107],{},"These usually work:",[33,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116],{},[36,99111,56048],{},[36,99113,56051],{},[36,99115,95962],{},[36,99117,40177],{},[56,99119,99121],{"className":58,"code":99120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99122,99123,99157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99124,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99126,3389],{"class":71},[65,99128,76],{"class":75},[65,99130,80],{"class":79},[65,99132,84],{"class":83},[65,99134,87],{"class":79},[65,99136,499],{"class":487},[65,99138,3648],{"class":491},[65,99140,488],{"class":487},[65,99142,87],{"class":79},[65,99144,8815],{"class":79},[65,99146,1898],{"class":83},[65,99148,87],{"class":79},[65,99150,7364],{"class":83},[65,99152,8812],{"class":79},[65,99154,3485],{"class":3419},[65,99156,98],{"class":79},[65,99158,99159,99161,99163,99165],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99160,164],{"class":163},[65,99162,151],{"class":79},[65,99164,4928],{"class":147},[65,99166,157],{"class":79},[20,99168,99169,99170,99172],{},"These do ",[43,99171,45],{}," work directly:",[33,99174,99175,99177],{},[36,99176,96664],{},[36,99178,96667],{},[56,99180,99182],{"className":58,"code":99181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99183,99184],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99185,99186,99189,99191,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99187,99188],{"class":71},"bad_set ",[65,99190,76],{"class":75},[65,99192,99193],{"class":79}," {[",[65,99195,84],{"class":83},[65,99197,87],{"class":79},[65,99199,90],{"class":83},[65,99201,87],{"class":79},[65,99203,95],{"class":83},[65,99205,13280],{"class":79},[20,99207,99208],{},"This raises an error:",[56,99210,99211],{"className":58,"code":96723,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,99212,99213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99214,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99216,2571],{"class":1259},[65,99218,191],{"class":79},[65,99220,96734],{"class":71},[65,99222,1260],{"class":1259},[65,99224,191],{"class":79},[65,99226,603],{"class":487},[65,99228,7669],{"class":491},[65,99230,29275],{"class":487},[20,99232,51665],{},[56,99234,99236],{"className":58,"code":99235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99237,99238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99239,99240,99242,99244,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99241,99188],{"class":71},[65,99243,76],{"class":75},[65,99245,99246],{"class":79}," {{",[65,99248,488],{"class":487},[65,99250,7241],{"class":491},[65,99252,488],{"class":487},[65,99254,191],{"class":79},[65,99256,499],{"class":487},[65,99258,7250],{"class":491},[65,99260,488],{"class":487},[65,99262,99263],{"class":79},"}}\n",[20,99265,99266],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[51,99268,99270],{"id":99269},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1286,99272,99274],{"id":99273},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[56,99276,99278],{"className":58,"code":99277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99279,99280,99304],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99283,3185],{"class":71},[65,99285,76],{"class":75},[65,99287,80],{"class":79},[65,99289,84],{"class":83},[65,99291,87],{"class":79},[65,99293,90],{"class":83},[65,99295,87],{"class":79},[65,99297,95],{"class":83},[65,99299,87],{"class":79},[65,99301,116],{"class":83},[65,99303,98],{"class":79},[65,99305,99306,99308,99310,99312],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99307,164],{"class":163},[65,99309,151],{"class":79},[65,99311,3215],{"class":147},[65,99313,157],{"class":79},[1286,99315,99317],{"id":99316},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[56,99319,99321],{"className":58,"code":99320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99322,99323,99351,99366,99370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99324,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99326,7353],{"class":71},[65,99328,76],{"class":75},[65,99330,1339],{"class":79},[65,99332,84],{"class":83},[65,99334,87],{"class":79},[65,99336,5066],{"class":83},[65,99338,87],{"class":79},[65,99340,90],{"class":83},[65,99342,87],{"class":79},[65,99344,95],{"class":83},[65,99346,87],{"class":79},[65,99348,95],{"class":83},[65,99350,1352],{"class":79},[65,99352,99353,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99354,99355],{"class":71},"unique_items ",[65,99357,76],{"class":75},[65,99359,1386],{"class":1259},[65,99361,151],{"class":79},[65,99363,7384],{"class":147},[65,99365,157],{"class":79},[65,99367,99368],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,99369,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,99371,99372,99374,99376,99379],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99373,164],{"class":163},[65,99375,151],{"class":79},[65,99377,99378],{"class":147},"unique_items",[65,99380,157],{"class":79},[1286,99382,98728],{"id":99383},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[56,99385,99387],{"className":58,"code":99386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99388,99389,99407],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99392,35670],{"class":71},[65,99394,76],{"class":75},[65,99396,1386],{"class":1259},[65,99398,151],{"class":79},[65,99400,488],{"class":487},[65,99402,3657],{"class":491},[65,99404,488],{"class":487},[65,99406,157],{"class":79},[65,99408,99409,99411,99413,99415],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99410,164],{"class":163},[65,99412,151],{"class":79},[65,99414,35723],{"class":147},[65,99416,157],{"class":79},[1286,99418,99420],{"id":99419},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[56,99422,99424],{"className":58,"code":99423,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99425,99426,99436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99427,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99429,97867],{"class":71},[65,99431,76],{"class":75},[65,99433,1386],{"class":1259},[65,99435,8220],{"class":79},[65,99437,99438,99440,99442,99444],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99439,164],{"class":163},[65,99441,151],{"class":79},[65,99443,97886],{"class":147},[65,99445,157],{"class":79},[51,99447,2396],{"id":2395},[20,99449,99450],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1286,99452,7994,99454,99456],{"id":99453},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99455,3358],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99458,99459],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[56,99461,99463],{"className":58,"code":99462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99464,99465,99473],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99466,99467,99469,99471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99468,2015],{"class":71},[65,99470,76],{"class":75},[65,99472,9416],{"class":79},[65,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99476,164],{"class":163},[65,99478,151],{"class":79},[65,99480,1260],{"class":1259},[65,99482,151],{"class":79},[65,99484,2040],{"class":147},[65,99486,1028],{"class":79},[20,99488,99489],{},"This prints:",[56,99491,99492],{"className":58,"code":8386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,99493,99494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99495,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99497,2857],{"class":75},[65,99499,2860],{"class":1632},[65,99501,603],{"class":487},[65,99503,8399],{"class":491},[65,99505,594],{"class":487},[65,99507,2869],{"class":75},[20,99509,1660,99510,6202],{},[15,99511,3363],{},[1286,99513,99515],{"id":99514},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99517,99518],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[56,99520,99522],{"className":58,"code":99521,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99523,99524,99552],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99525,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99527,3185],{"class":71},[65,99529,76],{"class":75},[65,99531,80],{"class":79},[65,99533,84],{"class":83},[65,99535,87],{"class":79},[65,99537,5066],{"class":83},[65,99539,87],{"class":79},[65,99541,90],{"class":83},[65,99543,87],{"class":79},[65,99545,90],{"class":83},[65,99547,87],{"class":79},[65,99549,95],{"class":83},[65,99551,98],{"class":79},[65,99553,99554,99556,99558,99560],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99555,164],{"class":163},[65,99557,151],{"class":79},[65,99559,3215],{"class":147},[65,99561,157],{"class":79},[20,99563,99564],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1286,99566,99568],{"id":99567},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99570,99571],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99573,99574],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[56,99576,99578],{"className":58,"code":99577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99579,99580,99600],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99583,3185],{"class":71},[65,99585,76],{"class":75},[65,99587,80],{"class":79},[65,99589,1898],{"class":83},[65,99591,87],{"class":79},[65,99593,7364],{"class":83},[65,99595,87],{"class":79},[65,99597,7369],{"class":83},[65,99599,98],{"class":79},[65,99601,99602],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99603,99604],{"class":175},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99606,99607],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1286,99609,99611],{"id":99610},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99613,99614],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[56,99616,99618],{"className":58,"code":99617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99619,99620,99625],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99621,99622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99623,99624],{"class":175},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[65,99626,99627],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99628,99629],{"class":175},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99631,99632,99633,144],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99634,2571],{},[1286,99636,99638],{"id":99637},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99640,99641],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[56,99643,99645],{"className":58,"code":99644,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99646,99647,99667,99699,99703,99717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99648,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99650,15204],{"class":71},[65,99652,76],{"class":75},[65,99654,80],{"class":79},[65,99656,84],{"class":83},[65,99658,87],{"class":79},[65,99660,90],{"class":83},[65,99662,87],{"class":79},[65,99664,95],{"class":83},[65,99666,98],{"class":79},[65,99668,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99670,11299],{"class":71},[65,99672,76],{"class":75},[65,99674,80],{"class":79},[65,99676,488],{"class":487},[65,99678,210],{"class":491},[65,99680,488],{"class":487},[65,99682,191],{"class":79},[65,99684,5066],{"class":83},[65,99686,87],{"class":79},[65,99688,499],{"class":487},[65,99690,154],{"class":491},[65,99692,488],{"class":487},[65,99694,191],{"class":79},[65,99696,90],{"class":83},[65,99698,98],{"class":79},[65,99700,99701],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,99702,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,99704,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99706,164],{"class":163},[65,99708,151],{"class":79},[65,99710,1260],{"class":1259},[65,99712,151],{"class":79},[65,99714,15241],{"class":147},[65,99716,1028],{"class":79},[65,99718,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,99720,164],{"class":163},[65,99722,151],{"class":79},[65,99724,1260],{"class":1259},[65,99726,151],{"class":79},[65,99728,11025],{"class":147},[65,99730,1028],{"class":79},[51,99732,92367],{"id":92366},[20,99734,99735],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[56,99737,99739],{"className":58,"code":99738,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99740,99741,99767,99771,99785,99795,99809,99816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99742,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99744,15204],{"class":71},[65,99746,76],{"class":75},[65,99748,1386],{"class":1259},[65,99750,2552],{"class":79},[65,99752,84],{"class":83},[65,99754,87],{"class":79},[65,99756,90],{"class":83},[65,99758,87],{"class":79},[65,99760,90],{"class":83},[65,99762,87],{"class":79},[65,99764,95],{"class":83},[65,99766,3457],{"class":79},[65,99768,99769],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,99770,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,99772,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,99774,164],{"class":163},[65,99776,151],{"class":79},[65,99778,1260],{"class":1259},[65,99780,151],{"class":79},[65,99782,15241],{"class":147},[65,99784,1028],{"class":79},[65,99786,99787,99789,99791,99793],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99788,164],{"class":163},[65,99790,151],{"class":79},[65,99792,15241],{"class":147},[65,99794,157],{"class":79},[65,99796,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,99798,164],{"class":163},[65,99800,151],{"class":79},[65,99802,10737],{"class":163},[65,99804,151],{"class":79},[65,99806,15241],{"class":147},[65,99808,1028],{"class":79},[65,99810,99811,99813],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,99812,164],{"class":163},[65,99814,99815],{"class":79},"({})\n",[65,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,99819,164],{"class":163},[65,99821,151],{"class":79},[65,99823,1401],{"class":1259},[65,99825,6766],{"class":79},[20,99827,99828],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,99830,99831,99834,99837,99840],{},[36,99832,99833],{},"The object type",[36,99835,99836],{},"The actual values stored",[36,99838,99839],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,99841,99842,99843,634,99845],{},"The difference between ",[15,99844,3358],{},[15,99846,3363],{},[51,99848,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,99850,99852],{"id":99851},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99854,99855,99856,99858,99859,99861],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99857,413],{},", or use ",[15,99860,3363],{}," with another iterable.",[1286,99863,99865],{"id":99864},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99867,1660,99868,99870,99871,99873],{},[15,99869,3363],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99872,3358],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1286,99875,99877],{"id":99876},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99879,99880],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1286,99882,99884],{"id":99883},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99886,99887],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1286,99889,99891],{"id":99890},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99893,99894],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[51,99896,1455],{"id":1454},[33,99898,99899,99903,99909,99915,99919],{},[36,99900,99901],{},[210,99902,213],{"href":97076},[36,99904,99905],{},[210,99906,3143,99907,1474],{"href":98077},[15,99908,95791],{},[36,99910,99911],{},[210,99912,3143,99913,1474],{"href":98096},[15,99914,96891],{},[36,99916,99917],{},[210,99918,1485],{"href":98654},[36,99920,99921],{},[210,99922,99923],{"href":98368},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99925,99926],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1499,99928,99929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":99931},[99932,99933,99934,99935,99938,99944,99948,99949,99950,99956,99964,99965,99972],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":98340,"depth":101,"text":98341},{"id":98372,"depth":101,"text":98373,"children":99936},[99937],{"id":98441,"depth":126,"text":98442},{"id":98545,"depth":101,"text":99939,"children":99940},"Create a set with set()",[99941,99942,99943],{"id":98570,"depth":126,"text":98571},{"id":98657,"depth":126,"text":98658},{"id":98727,"depth":126,"text":98728},{"id":98812,"depth":101,"text":98813,"children":99945},[99946],{"id":98889,"depth":126,"text":99947},"Do not use {}",{"id":71852,"depth":101,"text":71853},{"id":99097,"depth":101,"text":99098},{"id":99269,"depth":101,"text":99270,"children":99951},[99952,99953,99954,99955],{"id":99273,"depth":126,"text":99274},{"id":99316,"depth":126,"text":99317},{"id":99383,"depth":126,"text":98728},{"id":99419,"depth":126,"text":99420},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":99957},[99958,99960,99961,99962,99963],{"id":99453,"depth":126,"text":99959},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99514,"depth":126,"text":99515},{"id":99567,"depth":126,"text":99568},{"id":99610,"depth":126,"text":99611},{"id":99637,"depth":126,"text":99638},{"id":92366,"depth":101,"text":92367},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":99966},[99967,99968,99969,99970,99971],{"id":99851,"depth":126,"text":99852},{"id":99864,"depth":126,"text":99865},{"id":99876,"depth":126,"text":99877},{"id":99883,"depth":126,"text":99884},{"id":99890,"depth":126,"text":99891},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98143,"description":99973},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99979,"title":99980,"body":99981,"description":102405,"extension":1528,"meta":102406,"navigation":129,"path":791,"seo":102407,"stem":102408,"__hash__":102409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99982,"toc":102370},[99983,99988,99994,99997,99999,100076,100078,100095,100105,100107,100112,100120,100122,100138,100142,100144,100146,100149,100168,100171,100195,100201,100203,100300,100302,100319,100329,100331,100333,100341,100343,100354,100356,100447,100449,100473,100484,100486,100488,100491,100621,100623,100696,100698,100719,100722,100724,100730,100735,100738,100865,100867,100884,100887,100889,100897,100900,100904,100912,101003,101005,101042,101047,101054,101131,101133,101149,101154,101159,101161,101169,101177,101258,101260,101289,101292,101296,101307,101310,101393,101395,101416,101422,101424,101426,101430,101434,101441,101506,101508,101528,101531,101600,101602,101618,101622,101628,101640,101648,101650,101735,101737,101766,101769,101773,101778,101780,101830,101833,101914,101916,101932,101936,101939,102014,102017,102021,102024,102101,102103,102136,102142,102146,102149,102284,102286,102300,102302,102304,102309,102311,102318,102326,102332,102335,102339,102342,102344,102346,102367],[10,99984,13,99986,18],{"id":99985},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99987,660],{},[20,99989,99990,99993],{},[15,99991,99992],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99995,99996],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[51,99998,54],{"id":53},[56,100000,100002],{"className":58,"code":100001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100003,100004,100028,100048,100066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100005,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100007,72],{"class":71},[65,100009,76],{"class":75},[65,100011,80],{"class":79},[65,100013,84],{"class":83},[65,100015,87],{"class":79},[65,100017,90],{"class":83},[65,100019,87],{"class":79},[65,100021,95],{"class":83},[65,100023,87],{"class":79},[65,100025,116],{"class":83},[65,100027,98],{"class":79},[65,100029,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100031,104],{"class":71},[65,100033,76],{"class":75},[65,100035,80],{"class":79},[65,100037,111],{"class":83},[65,100039,87],{"class":79},[65,100041,116],{"class":83},[65,100043,87],{"class":79},[65,100045,121],{"class":83},[65,100047,98],{"class":79},[65,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100051,136],{"class":71},[65,100053,76],{"class":75},[65,100055,141],{"class":71},[65,100057,144],{"class":79},[65,100059,751],{"class":147},[65,100061,151],{"class":79},[65,100063,154],{"class":147},[65,100065,157],{"class":79},[65,100067,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100069,164],{"class":163},[65,100071,151],{"class":79},[65,100073,169],{"class":147},[65,100075,157],{"class":79},[20,100077,350],{},[56,100079,100081],{"className":58,"code":100080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100082,100083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100084,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100086,360],{"class":79},[65,100088,84],{"class":83},[65,100090,87],{"class":79},[65,100092,90],{"class":83},[65,100094,98],{"class":79},[20,100096,100097,100099,100100,100102,100103,144],{},[15,100098,660],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100101,210],{}," that are not in ",[15,100104,154],{},[44500,100106],{},[51,100108,183,100110,186],{"id":100109},"what-difference-does",[15,100111,660],{},[20,100113,1545,100114,100116,100117,100119],{},[15,100115,660],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[43,100118,45],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100121,12628],{},[33,100123,100124,100129,100132,100135],{},[36,100125,100126,100128],{},[15,100127,660],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,100130,100131],{},"It creates a new set",[36,100133,100134],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,100136,100137],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100139,208,100140,144],{},[210,100141,213],{"href":97076},[44500,100143],{},[51,100145,222],{"id":221},[20,100147,100148],{},"Use this form:",[56,100150,100152],{"className":58,"code":100151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100153,100154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100155,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100157,232],{"class":71},[65,100159,144],{"class":79},[65,100161,751],{"class":147},[65,100163,151],{"class":79},[65,100165,241],{"class":147},[65,100167,157],{"class":79},[20,100169,100170],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[56,100172,100174],{"className":58,"code":100173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100175,100176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100177,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100193],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100179,232],{"class":71},[65,100181,144],{"class":79},[65,100183,751],{"class":147},[65,100185,151],{"class":79},[65,100187,241],{"class":147},[65,100189,87],{"class":79},[65,100191,100192],{"class":147}," set3",[65,100194,157],{"class":79},[20,100196,100197,100198,100200],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[43,100199,4923],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100202,267],{},[56,100204,100206],{"className":58,"code":100205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100207,100208,100236,100252,100264,100268,100290],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100211,72],{"class":71},[65,100213,76],{"class":75},[65,100215,80],{"class":79},[65,100217,84],{"class":83},[65,100219,87],{"class":79},[65,100221,90],{"class":83},[65,100223,87],{"class":79},[65,100225,95],{"class":83},[65,100227,87],{"class":79},[65,100229,116],{"class":83},[65,100231,87],{"class":79},[65,100233,121],{"class":83},[65,100235,98],{"class":79},[65,100237,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100239,104],{"class":71},[65,100241,76],{"class":75},[65,100243,80],{"class":79},[65,100245,1624],{"class":83},[65,100247,87],{"class":79},[65,100249,95],{"class":83},[65,100251,98],{"class":79},[65,100253,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100255,82767],{"class":71},[65,100257,76],{"class":75},[65,100259,80],{"class":79},[65,100261,1705],{"class":83},[65,100263,98],{"class":79},[65,100265,100266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100267,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100269,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286,100288],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,100271,136],{"class":71},[65,100273,76],{"class":75},[65,100275,141],{"class":71},[65,100277,144],{"class":79},[65,100279,751],{"class":147},[65,100281,151],{"class":79},[65,100283,154],{"class":147},[65,100285,87],{"class":79},[65,100287,9259],{"class":147},[65,100289,157],{"class":79},[65,100291,100292,100294,100296,100298],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,100293,164],{"class":163},[65,100295,151],{"class":79},[65,100297,169],{"class":147},[65,100299,157],{"class":79},[20,100301,350],{},[56,100303,100305],{"className":58,"code":100304,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100306,100307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100308,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100310,360],{"class":79},[65,100312,84],{"class":83},[65,100314,87],{"class":79},[65,100316,116],{"class":83},[65,100318,98],{"class":79},[20,100320,100321,100322,100324,100325,214,100327,144],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100323,210],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100326,154],{},[15,100328,9317],{},[44500,100330],{},[51,100332,16994],{"id":16993},[20,100334,100335,100337,100338,144],{},[15,100336,660],{}," always returns a ",[43,100339,100340],{},"new set",[20,100342,43234],{},[33,100344,100345,100348,100351],{},[36,100346,100347],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,100349,100350],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,100352,100353],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100355,267],{},[56,100357,100359],{"className":58,"code":100358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100360,100361,100377,100397,100401,100419,100423,100433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100362,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100364,72],{"class":71},[65,100366,76],{"class":75},[65,100368,80],{"class":79},[65,100370,84],{"class":83},[65,100372,87],{"class":79},[65,100374,90],{"class":83},[65,100376,98],{"class":79},[65,100378,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100380,104],{"class":71},[65,100382,76],{"class":75},[65,100384,80],{"class":79},[65,100386,84],{"class":83},[65,100388,87],{"class":79},[65,100390,90],{"class":83},[65,100392,87],{"class":79},[65,100394,95],{"class":83},[65,100396,98],{"class":79},[65,100398,100399],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100400,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100402,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100404,136],{"class":71},[65,100406,76],{"class":75},[65,100408,141],{"class":71},[65,100410,144],{"class":79},[65,100412,751],{"class":147},[65,100414,151],{"class":79},[65,100416,154],{"class":147},[65,100418,157],{"class":79},[65,100420,100421],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,100422,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,100426,164],{"class":163},[65,100428,151],{"class":79},[65,100430,169],{"class":147},[65,100432,157],{"class":79},[65,100434,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,100436,164],{"class":163},[65,100438,151],{"class":79},[65,100440,1260],{"class":1259},[65,100442,151],{"class":79},[65,100444,169],{"class":147},[65,100446,1028],{"class":79},[20,100448,350],{},[56,100450,100451],{"className":58,"code":98864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,100452,100453,100459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100454,100455,100457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100456,1401],{"class":1259},[65,100458,8220],{"class":79},[65,100460,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100462,2857],{"class":75},[65,100464,2860],{"class":1632},[65,100466,603],{"class":487},[65,100468,1401],{"class":491},[65,100470,594],{"class":487},[65,100472,2869],{"class":75},[20,100474,100475,100476,18538,100478,100480,100481,100483],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100477,3363],{},[15,100479,3358],{},". In Python, ",[15,100482,3358],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44500,100485],{},[51,100487,467],{"id":466},[20,100489,100490],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[56,100492,100494],{"className":58,"code":100493,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100495,100496,100529,100562,100566,100586,100590,100600,100611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100497,100498,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100499,100500],{"class":71},"fruits_a ",[65,100502,76],{"class":75},[65,100504,80],{"class":79},[65,100506,488],{"class":487},[65,100508,3648],{"class":491},[65,100510,488],{"class":487},[65,100512,87],{"class":79},[65,100514,499],{"class":487},[65,100516,3657],{"class":491},[65,100518,488],{"class":487},[65,100520,87],{"class":79},[65,100522,499],{"class":487},[65,100524,32797],{"class":491},[65,100526,488],{"class":487},[65,100528,98],{"class":79},[65,100530,100531,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100532,100533],{"class":71},"fruits_b ",[65,100535,76],{"class":75},[65,100537,80],{"class":79},[65,100539,488],{"class":487},[65,100541,3657],{"class":491},[65,100543,488],{"class":487},[65,100545,87],{"class":79},[65,100547,499],{"class":487},[65,100549,32797],{"class":491},[65,100551,488],{"class":487},[65,100553,87],{"class":79},[65,100555,499],{"class":487},[65,100557,22107],{"class":491},[65,100559,488],{"class":487},[65,100561,98],{"class":79},[65,100563,100564],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100565,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100567,100568,100570,100572,100575,100577,100579,100581,100584],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100569,136],{"class":71},[65,100571,76],{"class":75},[65,100573,100574],{"class":71}," fruits_a",[65,100576,144],{"class":79},[65,100578,751],{"class":147},[65,100580,151],{"class":79},[65,100582,100583],{"class":147},"fruits_b",[65,100585,157],{"class":79},[65,100587,100588],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,100589,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100591,100592,100594,100596,100598],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,100593,164],{"class":163},[65,100595,151],{"class":79},[65,100597,169],{"class":147},[65,100599,157],{"class":79},[65,100601,100602,100604,100606,100609],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,100603,164],{"class":163},[65,100605,151],{"class":79},[65,100607,100608],{"class":147},"fruits_a",[65,100610,157],{"class":79},[65,100612,100613,100615,100617,100619],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,100614,164],{"class":163},[65,100616,151],{"class":79},[65,100618,100583],{"class":147},[65,100620,157],{"class":79},[20,100622,1046],{},[56,100624,100626],{"className":58,"code":100625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100627,100628,100640,100668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100629,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100631,360],{"class":79},[65,100633,594],{"class":487},[65,100635,3648],{"class":491},[65,100637,594],{"class":487},[65,100639,98],{"class":79},[65,100641,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664,100666],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100643,360],{"class":79},[65,100645,594],{"class":487},[65,100647,3657],{"class":491},[65,100649,594],{"class":487},[65,100651,87],{"class":79},[65,100653,603],{"class":487},[65,100655,32797],{"class":491},[65,100657,594],{"class":487},[65,100659,87],{"class":79},[65,100661,603],{"class":487},[65,100663,3648],{"class":491},[65,100665,594],{"class":487},[65,100667,98],{"class":79},[65,100669,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100671,360],{"class":79},[65,100673,594],{"class":487},[65,100675,3657],{"class":491},[65,100677,594],{"class":487},[65,100679,87],{"class":79},[65,100681,603],{"class":487},[65,100683,32797],{"class":491},[65,100685,594],{"class":487},[65,100687,87],{"class":79},[65,100689,603],{"class":487},[65,100691,22107],{"class":491},[65,100693,594],{"class":487},[65,100695,98],{"class":79},[20,100697,11258],{},[33,100699,100700,100705,100710,100716],{},[36,100701,100702,100703],{},"Start with ",[15,100704,100608],{},[36,100706,100707,100708],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100709,100583],{},[36,100711,100712,100713,100715],{},"Only ",[15,100714,57418],{}," remains",[36,100717,100718],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100720,100721],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44500,100723],{},[51,100725,7994,100727,100729],{"id":100726},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100728,660],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100731,100732,100733,144],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100734,660],{},[20,100736,100737],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[56,100739,100741],{"className":58,"code":100740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100742,100743,100775,100792,100805,100822,100826,100855],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100746,3185],{"class":71},[65,100748,76],{"class":75},[65,100750,80],{"class":79},[65,100752,84],{"class":83},[65,100754,87],{"class":79},[65,100756,90],{"class":83},[65,100758,87],{"class":79},[65,100760,95],{"class":83},[65,100762,87],{"class":79},[65,100764,116],{"class":83},[65,100766,87],{"class":79},[65,100768,121],{"class":83},[65,100770,87],{"class":79},[65,100772,37224],{"class":83},[65,100774,98],{"class":79},[65,100776,100777,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100778,100779],{"class":71},"group_a ",[65,100781,76],{"class":75},[65,100783,80],{"class":79},[65,100785,1624],{"class":83},[65,100787,87],{"class":79},[65,100789,116],{"class":83},[65,100791,98],{"class":79},[65,100793,100794,100797,100799,100801,100803],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100795,100796],{"class":71},"group_b ",[65,100798,76],{"class":75},[65,100800,80],{"class":79},[65,100802,1705],{"class":83},[65,100804,98],{"class":79},[65,100806,100807,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100808,100809],{"class":71},"group_c ",[65,100811,76],{"class":75},[65,100813,80],{"class":79},[65,100815,80178],{"class":83},[65,100817,87],{"class":79},[65,100819,5563],{"class":83},[65,100821,98],{"class":79},[65,100823,100824],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,100825,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100827,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840,100843,100845,100848,100850,100853],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,100829,136],{"class":71},[65,100831,76],{"class":75},[65,100833,3833],{"class":71},[65,100835,144],{"class":79},[65,100837,751],{"class":147},[65,100839,151],{"class":79},[65,100841,100842],{"class":147},"group_a",[65,100844,87],{"class":79},[65,100846,100847],{"class":147}," group_b",[65,100849,87],{"class":79},[65,100851,100852],{"class":147}," group_c",[65,100854,157],{"class":79},[65,100856,100857,100859,100861,100863],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,100858,164],{"class":163},[65,100860,151],{"class":79},[65,100862,169],{"class":147},[65,100864,157],{"class":79},[20,100866,350],{},[56,100868,100870],{"className":58,"code":100869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100871,100872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100873,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100875,360],{"class":79},[65,100877,84],{"class":83},[65,100879,87],{"class":79},[65,100881,95],{"class":83},[65,100883,98],{"class":79},[20,100885,100886],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44500,100888],{},[51,100890,100892,657,100894],{"id":100891},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100893,660],{},[15,100895,100896],{},"difference_update()",[20,100898,100899],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1286,100901,100902],{"id":751},[15,100903,660],{},[33,100905,100906,100909],{},[36,100907,100908],{},"Returns a new set",[36,100910,100911],{},"Does not change the original set",[56,100913,100915],{"className":58,"code":100914,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100916,100917,100941,100957,100961,100979,100983,100993],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100918,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100920,72],{"class":71},[65,100922,76],{"class":75},[65,100924,80],{"class":79},[65,100926,84],{"class":83},[65,100928,87],{"class":79},[65,100930,90],{"class":83},[65,100932,87],{"class":79},[65,100934,95],{"class":83},[65,100936,87],{"class":79},[65,100938,116],{"class":83},[65,100940,98],{"class":79},[65,100942,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,100944,104],{"class":71},[65,100946,76],{"class":75},[65,100948,80],{"class":79},[65,100950,111],{"class":83},[65,100952,87],{"class":79},[65,100954,116],{"class":83},[65,100956,98],{"class":79},[65,100958,100959],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,100960,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100962,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100964,136],{"class":71},[65,100966,76],{"class":75},[65,100968,141],{"class":71},[65,100970,144],{"class":79},[65,100972,751],{"class":147},[65,100974,151],{"class":79},[65,100976,154],{"class":147},[65,100978,157],{"class":79},[65,100980,100981],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,100982,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,100984,100985,100987,100989,100991],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,100986,164],{"class":163},[65,100988,151],{"class":79},[65,100990,169],{"class":147},[65,100992,157],{"class":79},[65,100994,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,100996,164],{"class":163},[65,100998,151],{"class":79},[65,101000,210],{"class":147},[65,101002,157],{"class":79},[20,101004,350],{},[56,101006,101008],{"className":58,"code":101007,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101009,101010,101022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101011,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101013,360],{"class":79},[65,101015,84],{"class":83},[65,101017,87],{"class":79},[65,101019,90],{"class":83},[65,101021,98],{"class":79},[65,101023,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101025,360],{"class":79},[65,101027,84],{"class":83},[65,101029,87],{"class":79},[65,101031,90],{"class":83},[65,101033,87],{"class":79},[65,101035,95],{"class":83},[65,101037,87],{"class":79},[65,101039,116],{"class":83},[65,101041,98],{"class":79},[1286,101043,101045],{"id":101044},"difference_update",[15,101046,100896],{},[33,101048,101049,101052],{},[36,101050,101051],{},"Changes the original set",[36,101053,95901],{},[56,101055,101057],{"className":58,"code":101056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101058,101059,101083,101099,101103,101117,101121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101060,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101062,72],{"class":71},[65,101064,76],{"class":75},[65,101066,80],{"class":79},[65,101068,84],{"class":83},[65,101070,87],{"class":79},[65,101072,90],{"class":83},[65,101074,87],{"class":79},[65,101076,95],{"class":83},[65,101078,87],{"class":79},[65,101080,116],{"class":83},[65,101082,98],{"class":79},[65,101084,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101086,104],{"class":71},[65,101088,76],{"class":75},[65,101090,80],{"class":79},[65,101092,111],{"class":83},[65,101094,87],{"class":79},[65,101096,116],{"class":83},[65,101098,98],{"class":79},[65,101100,101101],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101102,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101104,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101106,210],{"class":71},[65,101108,144],{"class":79},[65,101110,101044],{"class":147},[65,101112,151],{"class":79},[65,101114,154],{"class":147},[65,101116,157],{"class":79},[65,101118,101119],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101120,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101122,101123,101125,101127,101129],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,101124,164],{"class":163},[65,101126,151],{"class":79},[65,101128,210],{"class":147},[65,101130,157],{"class":79},[20,101132,350],{},[56,101134,101135],{"className":58,"code":100080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101136,101137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101138,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101140,360],{"class":79},[65,101142,84],{"class":83},[65,101144,87],{"class":79},[65,101146,90],{"class":83},[65,101148,98],{"class":79},[20,101150,1660,101151,101153],{},[15,101152,660],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101155,101156,101157,33177],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101158,100896],{},[44500,101160],{},[51,101162,101164,101166,101167,950],{"id":101163},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101165,660],{}," vs the ",[15,101168,1589],{},[20,101170,1545,101171,101173,101174,101176],{},[15,101172,1589],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101175,660],{}," for two sets.",[56,101178,101180],{"className":58,"code":101179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101181,101182,101206,101222,101226,101244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101183,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101185,72],{"class":71},[65,101187,76],{"class":75},[65,101189,80],{"class":79},[65,101191,84],{"class":83},[65,101193,87],{"class":79},[65,101195,90],{"class":83},[65,101197,87],{"class":79},[65,101199,95],{"class":83},[65,101201,87],{"class":79},[65,101203,116],{"class":83},[65,101205,98],{"class":79},[65,101207,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101209,104],{"class":71},[65,101211,76],{"class":75},[65,101213,80],{"class":79},[65,101215,111],{"class":83},[65,101217,87],{"class":79},[65,101219,116],{"class":83},[65,101221,98],{"class":79},[65,101223,101224],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101225,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101227,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101229,164],{"class":163},[65,101231,151],{"class":79},[65,101233,210],{"class":147},[65,101235,144],{"class":79},[65,101237,751],{"class":147},[65,101239,151],{"class":79},[65,101241,154],{"class":147},[65,101243,1028],{"class":79},[65,101245,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101247,164],{"class":163},[65,101249,151],{"class":79},[65,101251,72],{"class":147},[65,101253,1589],{"class":75},[65,101255,2126],{"class":147},[65,101257,157],{"class":79},[20,101259,350],{},[56,101261,101263],{"className":58,"code":101262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101264,101265,101277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101266,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101268,360],{"class":79},[65,101270,84],{"class":83},[65,101272,87],{"class":79},[65,101274,90],{"class":83},[65,101276,98],{"class":79},[65,101278,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101280,360],{"class":79},[65,101282,84],{"class":83},[65,101284,87],{"class":79},[65,101286,90],{"class":83},[65,101288,98],{"class":79},[20,101290,101291],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101293,94172,101294,1304],{},[15,101295,660],{},[33,101297,101298,101301,101304],{},[36,101299,101300],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,101302,101303],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,101305,101306],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101308,101309],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[56,101311,101313],{"className":58,"code":101312,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101314,101315,101343,101355,101367,101371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101316,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101318,72],{"class":71},[65,101320,76],{"class":75},[65,101322,80],{"class":79},[65,101324,84],{"class":83},[65,101326,87],{"class":79},[65,101328,90],{"class":83},[65,101330,87],{"class":79},[65,101332,95],{"class":83},[65,101334,87],{"class":79},[65,101336,116],{"class":83},[65,101338,87],{"class":79},[65,101340,121],{"class":83},[65,101342,98],{"class":79},[65,101344,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101346,104],{"class":71},[65,101348,76],{"class":75},[65,101350,80],{"class":79},[65,101352,1624],{"class":83},[65,101354,98],{"class":79},[65,101356,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101358,82767],{"class":71},[65,101360,76],{"class":75},[65,101362,80],{"class":79},[65,101364,2072],{"class":83},[65,101366,98],{"class":79},[65,101368,101369],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101370,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101372,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101374,164],{"class":163},[65,101376,151],{"class":79},[65,101378,210],{"class":147},[65,101380,144],{"class":79},[65,101382,751],{"class":147},[65,101384,151],{"class":79},[65,101386,154],{"class":147},[65,101388,87],{"class":79},[65,101390,9259],{"class":147},[65,101392,1028],{"class":79},[20,101394,350],{},[56,101396,101398],{"className":58,"code":101397,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101399,101400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101401,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101403,360],{"class":79},[65,101405,84],{"class":83},[65,101407,87],{"class":79},[65,101409,95],{"class":83},[65,101411,87],{"class":79},[65,101413,121],{"class":83},[65,101415,98],{"class":79},[20,101417,101418,101419,101421],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101420,1589],{}," operator expression.",[44500,101423],{},[51,101425,1109],{"id":1108},[20,101427,1112,101428,144],{},[15,101429,660],{},[1286,101431,101433],{"id":101432},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101435,4196,101436,101438,101439,191],{},[43,101437,45],{}," change ",[15,101440,210],{},[56,101442,101444],{"className":58,"code":101443,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101445,101446,101466,101478,101482,101496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101449,72],{"class":71},[65,101451,76],{"class":75},[65,101453,80],{"class":79},[65,101455,84],{"class":83},[65,101457,87],{"class":79},[65,101459,90],{"class":83},[65,101461,87],{"class":79},[65,101463,95],{"class":83},[65,101465,98],{"class":79},[65,101467,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101469,104],{"class":71},[65,101471,76],{"class":75},[65,101473,80],{"class":79},[65,101475,111],{"class":83},[65,101477,98],{"class":79},[65,101479,101480],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101481,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101483,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101485,210],{"class":71},[65,101487,144],{"class":79},[65,101489,751],{"class":147},[65,101491,151],{"class":79},[65,101493,154],{"class":147},[65,101495,157],{"class":79},[65,101497,101498,101500,101502,101504],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101499,164],{"class":163},[65,101501,151],{"class":79},[65,101503,210],{"class":147},[65,101505,157],{"class":79},[20,101507,350],{},[56,101509,101510],{"className":58,"code":96185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101511,101512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101513,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101515,360],{"class":79},[65,101517,84],{"class":83},[65,101519,87],{"class":79},[65,101521,90],{"class":83},[65,101523,87],{"class":79},[65,101525,95],{"class":83},[65,101527,98],{"class":79},[20,101529,101530],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[56,101532,101534],{"className":58,"code":101533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101535,101536,101556,101568,101572,101590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101539,72],{"class":71},[65,101541,76],{"class":75},[65,101543,80],{"class":79},[65,101545,84],{"class":83},[65,101547,87],{"class":79},[65,101549,90],{"class":83},[65,101551,87],{"class":79},[65,101553,95],{"class":83},[65,101555,98],{"class":79},[65,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101559,104],{"class":71},[65,101561,76],{"class":75},[65,101563,80],{"class":79},[65,101565,111],{"class":83},[65,101567,98],{"class":79},[65,101569,101570],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101571,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101573,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101575,72],{"class":71},[65,101577,76],{"class":75},[65,101579,141],{"class":71},[65,101581,144],{"class":79},[65,101583,751],{"class":147},[65,101585,151],{"class":79},[65,101587,154],{"class":147},[65,101589,157],{"class":79},[65,101591,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101593,164],{"class":163},[65,101595,151],{"class":79},[65,101597,210],{"class":147},[65,101599,157],{"class":79},[20,101601,350],{},[56,101603,101604],{"className":58,"code":100080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101605,101606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101607,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101609,360],{"class":79},[65,101611,84],{"class":83},[65,101613,87],{"class":79},[65,101615,90],{"class":83},[65,101617,98],{"class":79},[1286,101619,101621],{"id":101620},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101623,101624,101627],{},[15,101625,101626],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,101629,101630,101635],{},[36,101631,101632,101633],{},"keep items from ",[15,101634,210],{},[36,101636,101637,101638],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101639,154],{},[20,101641,40488,101642,101644,101645,101647],{},[43,101643,45],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101646,154],{},"”.",[20,101649,267],{},[56,101651,101653],{"className":58,"code":101652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101654,101655,101675,101695,101699,101717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101656,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101658,72],{"class":71},[65,101660,76],{"class":75},[65,101662,80],{"class":79},[65,101664,84],{"class":83},[65,101666,87],{"class":79},[65,101668,90],{"class":83},[65,101670,87],{"class":79},[65,101672,95],{"class":83},[65,101674,98],{"class":79},[65,101676,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101678,104],{"class":71},[65,101680,76],{"class":75},[65,101682,80],{"class":79},[65,101684,111],{"class":83},[65,101686,87],{"class":79},[65,101688,116],{"class":83},[65,101690,87],{"class":79},[65,101692,121],{"class":83},[65,101694,98],{"class":79},[65,101696,101697],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101698,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101700,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101702,164],{"class":163},[65,101704,151],{"class":79},[65,101706,210],{"class":147},[65,101708,144],{"class":79},[65,101710,751],{"class":147},[65,101712,151],{"class":79},[65,101714,154],{"class":147},[65,101716,1028],{"class":79},[65,101718,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101720,164],{"class":163},[65,101722,151],{"class":79},[65,101724,154],{"class":147},[65,101726,144],{"class":79},[65,101728,751],{"class":147},[65,101730,151],{"class":79},[65,101732,210],{"class":147},[65,101734,1028],{"class":79},[20,101736,350],{},[56,101738,101740],{"className":58,"code":101739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101741,101742,101754],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101745,360],{"class":79},[65,101747,84],{"class":83},[65,101749,87],{"class":79},[65,101751,90],{"class":83},[65,101753,98],{"class":79},[65,101755,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101757,360],{"class":79},[65,101759,2072],{"class":83},[65,101761,87],{"class":79},[65,101763,121],{"class":83},[65,101765,98],{"class":79},[20,101767,101768],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1286,101770,101772],{"id":101771},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101774,101775,101777],{},[15,101776,660],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101779,54905],{},[56,101781,101783],{"className":58,"code":101782,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101784,101785,101805,101821,101825],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101786,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101788,72],{"class":71},[65,101790,76],{"class":75},[65,101792,1339],{"class":79},[65,101794,84],{"class":83},[65,101796,87],{"class":79},[65,101798,90],{"class":83},[65,101800,87],{"class":79},[65,101802,95],{"class":83},[65,101804,1352],{"class":79},[65,101806,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101808,104],{"class":71},[65,101810,76],{"class":75},[65,101812,1339],{"class":79},[65,101814,111],{"class":83},[65,101816,87],{"class":79},[65,101818,116],{"class":83},[65,101820,1352],{"class":79},[65,101822,101823],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101824,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101826,101827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101828,101829],{"class":175},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101831,101832],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[56,101834,101836],{"className":58,"code":101835,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101837,101838,101858,101874,101878,101904],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101841,72],{"class":71},[65,101843,76],{"class":75},[65,101845,1339],{"class":79},[65,101847,84],{"class":83},[65,101849,87],{"class":79},[65,101851,90],{"class":83},[65,101853,87],{"class":79},[65,101855,95],{"class":83},[65,101857,1352],{"class":79},[65,101859,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101861,104],{"class":71},[65,101863,76],{"class":75},[65,101865,1339],{"class":79},[65,101867,111],{"class":83},[65,101869,87],{"class":79},[65,101871,116],{"class":83},[65,101873,1352],{"class":79},[65,101875,101876],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101877,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101879,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101881,136],{"class":71},[65,101883,76],{"class":75},[65,101885,1386],{"class":1259},[65,101887,151],{"class":79},[65,101889,210],{"class":147},[65,101891,1394],{"class":79},[65,101893,751],{"class":147},[65,101895,151],{"class":79},[65,101897,1401],{"class":1259},[65,101899,151],{"class":79},[65,101901,154],{"class":147},[65,101903,1028],{"class":79},[65,101905,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,101907,164],{"class":163},[65,101909,151],{"class":79},[65,101911,169],{"class":147},[65,101913,157],{"class":79},[20,101915,350],{},[56,101917,101918],{"className":58,"code":100080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101919,101920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101921,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101923,360],{"class":79},[65,101925,84],{"class":83},[65,101927,87],{"class":79},[65,101929,90],{"class":83},[65,101931,98],{"class":79},[1286,101933,101935],{"id":101934},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101937,101938],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[56,101940,101942],{"className":58,"code":101941,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101943,101944,101976,101992,101996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101945,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101947,72],{"class":71},[65,101949,76],{"class":75},[65,101951,80],{"class":79},[65,101953,488],{"class":487},[65,101955,36627],{"class":491},[65,101957,488],{"class":487},[65,101959,87],{"class":79},[65,101961,499],{"class":487},[65,101963,57712],{"class":491},[65,101965,488],{"class":487},[65,101967,87],{"class":79},[65,101969,499],{"class":487},[65,101971,57729],{"class":491},[65,101973,488],{"class":487},[65,101975,98],{"class":79},[65,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,101979,104],{"class":71},[65,101981,76],{"class":75},[65,101983,80],{"class":79},[65,101985,488],{"class":487},[65,101987,57712],{"class":491},[65,101989,488],{"class":487},[65,101991,98],{"class":79},[65,101993,101994],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,101995,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,101997,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101999,164],{"class":163},[65,102001,151],{"class":79},[65,102003,210],{"class":147},[65,102005,144],{"class":79},[65,102007,751],{"class":147},[65,102009,151],{"class":79},[65,102011,154],{"class":147},[65,102013,1028],{"class":79},[20,102015,102016],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1286,102018,102020],{"id":102019},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102022,102023],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[56,102025,102027],{"className":58,"code":102026,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102028,102029,102057,102069,102073,102083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102030,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102032,72],{"class":71},[65,102034,76],{"class":75},[65,102036,80],{"class":79},[65,102038,84],{"class":83},[65,102040,87],{"class":79},[65,102042,5066],{"class":83},[65,102044,87],{"class":79},[65,102046,90],{"class":83},[65,102048,87],{"class":79},[65,102050,90],{"class":83},[65,102052,87],{"class":79},[65,102054,95],{"class":83},[65,102056,98],{"class":79},[65,102058,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102060,104],{"class":71},[65,102062,76],{"class":75},[65,102064,80],{"class":79},[65,102066,111],{"class":83},[65,102068,98],{"class":79},[65,102070,102071],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,102072,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,102074,102075,102077,102079,102081],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102076,164],{"class":163},[65,102078,151],{"class":79},[65,102080,210],{"class":147},[65,102082,157],{"class":79},[65,102084,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,102086,164],{"class":163},[65,102088,151],{"class":79},[65,102090,210],{"class":147},[65,102092,144],{"class":79},[65,102094,751],{"class":147},[65,102096,151],{"class":79},[65,102098,154],{"class":147},[65,102100,1028],{"class":79},[20,102102,350],{},[56,102104,102106],{"className":58,"code":102105,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102107,102108,102124],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102109,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102111,360],{"class":79},[65,102113,84],{"class":83},[65,102115,87],{"class":79},[65,102117,90],{"class":83},[65,102119,87],{"class":79},[65,102121,95],{"class":83},[65,102123,98],{"class":79},[65,102125,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102127,360],{"class":79},[65,102129,84],{"class":83},[65,102131,87],{"class":79},[65,102133,90],{"class":83},[65,102135,98],{"class":79},[20,102137,102138,102139,102141],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102140,660],{}," runs.",[1286,102143,102145],{"id":102144},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102147,102148],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[56,102150,102152],{"className":58,"code":102151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102153,102154,102178,102198,102202,102212,102222,102240,102262],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102155,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102157,72],{"class":71},[65,102159,76],{"class":75},[65,102161,80],{"class":79},[65,102163,84],{"class":83},[65,102165,87],{"class":79},[65,102167,90],{"class":83},[65,102169,87],{"class":79},[65,102171,95],{"class":83},[65,102173,87],{"class":79},[65,102175,116],{"class":83},[65,102177,98],{"class":79},[65,102179,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102181,104],{"class":71},[65,102183,76],{"class":75},[65,102185,80],{"class":79},[65,102187,111],{"class":83},[65,102189,87],{"class":79},[65,102191,116],{"class":83},[65,102193,87],{"class":79},[65,102195,121],{"class":83},[65,102197,98],{"class":79},[65,102199,102200],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,102201,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,102203,102204,102206,102208,102210],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102205,164],{"class":163},[65,102207,151],{"class":79},[65,102209,210],{"class":147},[65,102211,157],{"class":79},[65,102213,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,102215,164],{"class":163},[65,102217,151],{"class":79},[65,102219,154],{"class":147},[65,102221,157],{"class":79},[65,102223,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,102225,164],{"class":163},[65,102227,151],{"class":79},[65,102229,210],{"class":147},[65,102231,144],{"class":79},[65,102233,751],{"class":147},[65,102235,151],{"class":79},[65,102237,154],{"class":147},[65,102239,1028],{"class":79},[65,102241,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,102243,164],{"class":163},[65,102245,151],{"class":79},[65,102247,1260],{"class":1259},[65,102249,151],{"class":79},[65,102251,210],{"class":147},[65,102253,144],{"class":79},[65,102255,751],{"class":147},[65,102257,151],{"class":79},[65,102259,154],{"class":147},[65,102261,2478],{"class":79},[65,102263,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,102265,164],{"class":163},[65,102267,151],{"class":79},[65,102269,10737],{"class":163},[65,102271,151],{"class":79},[65,102273,210],{"class":147},[65,102275,144],{"class":79},[65,102277,751],{"class":147},[65,102279,151],{"class":79},[65,102281,154],{"class":147},[65,102283,2478],{"class":79},[20,102285,10746],{},[33,102287,102288,102291,102294,102297],{},[36,102289,102290],{},"what is in each set",[36,102292,102293],{},"what result Python creates",[36,102295,102296],{},"that the result is a set",[36,102298,102299],{},"how many items remain",[44500,102301],{},[51,102303,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,102305,1289,102307,1292],{"id":102306},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102308,660],{},[20,102310,1295],{},[1286,102312,1299,102314,634,102316,1304],{"id":102313},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102315,660],{},[15,102317,100896],{},[20,102319,102320,102322,102323,102325],{},[15,102321,660],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102324,100896],{}," modifies the original set.",[1286,102327,1316,102329,102331],{"id":102328},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102330,660],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102333,102334],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1286,102336,102338],{"id":102337},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102340,102341],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44500,102343],{},[51,102345,1455],{"id":1454},[33,102347,102348,102352,102360],{},[36,102349,102350],{},[210,102351,213],{"href":97076},[36,102353,102354],{},[210,102355,1471,102357,1474],{"href":102356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102358,102359],{},"intersection()",[36,102361,102362],{},[210,102363,1471,102365,1474],{"href":102364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102366,807],{},[1499,102368,102369],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":102371},[102372,102373,102375,102376,102377,102378,102380,102385,102387,102395,102404],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":100109,"depth":101,"text":102374},"What difference() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":100726,"depth":101,"text":102379},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100891,"depth":101,"text":102381,"children":102382},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102383,102384],{"id":751,"depth":126,"text":660},{"id":101044,"depth":126,"text":100896},{"id":101163,"depth":101,"text":102386},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":102388},[102389,102390,102391,102392,102393,102394],{"id":101432,"depth":126,"text":101433},{"id":101620,"depth":126,"text":101621},{"id":101771,"depth":126,"text":101772},{"id":101934,"depth":126,"text":101935},{"id":102019,"depth":126,"text":102020},{"id":102144,"depth":126,"text":102145},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":102396},[102397,102399,102401,102403],{"id":102306,"depth":126,"text":102398},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102313,"depth":126,"text":102400},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102328,"depth":126,"text":102402},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102337,"depth":126,"text":102338},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99980,"description":102405},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102411,"title":102412,"body":102413,"description":104108,"extension":1528,"meta":104109,"navigation":129,"path":104110,"seo":104111,"stem":104112,"__hash__":104113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102414,"toc":104070},[102415,102421,102427,102440,102442,102543,102545,102590,102595,102600,102604,102618,102621,102629,102631,102650,102668,102672,102725,102727,102748,102755,102760,102787,102794,102893,102895,102932,102940,102944,102950,102953,103026,103028,103036,103041,103110,103112,103137,103139,103142,103245,103247,103308,103311,103315,103321,103394,103396,103429,103432,103435,103475,103481,103504,103509,103513,103524,103527,103529,103533,103539,103541,103598,103608,103610,103663,103670,103675,103743,103751,103757,103761,103763,103802,103807,103856,103860,103863,103865,103904,103907,103909,103914,103971,103973,103987,103989,103993,103999,104004,104009,104016,104027,104033,104038,104040,104067],[10,102416,13,102418,18],{"id":102417},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102419,102420],{},"discard()",[20,102422,102423,102426],{},[15,102424,102425],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102428,102429,102430,1491,102435,13628,102437,102439],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[210,102431,102432],{"href":97786},[15,102433,102434],{},"set.remove()",[15,102436,102420],{},[43,102438,45],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[51,102441,1570],{"id":1569},[56,102443,102445],{"className":58,"code":102444,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102446,102447,102479,102498,102508,102512,102533],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102448,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102450,12652],{"class":71},[65,102452,76],{"class":75},[65,102454,80],{"class":79},[65,102456,488],{"class":487},[65,102458,492],{"class":491},[65,102460,488],{"class":487},[65,102462,87],{"class":79},[65,102464,499],{"class":487},[65,102466,502],{"class":491},[65,102468,488],{"class":487},[65,102470,87],{"class":79},[65,102472,499],{"class":487},[65,102474,511],{"class":491},[65,102476,488],{"class":487},[65,102478,98],{"class":79},[65,102480,102481,102483,102485,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102482,17077],{"class":71},[65,102484,144],{"class":79},[65,102486,102487],{"class":147},"discard",[65,102489,151],{"class":79},[65,102491,488],{"class":487},[65,102493,502],{"class":491},[65,102495,488],{"class":487},[65,102497,157],{"class":79},[65,102499,102500,102502,102504,102506],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,102501,164],{"class":163},[65,102503,151],{"class":79},[65,102505,17077],{"class":147},[65,102507,157],{"class":79},[65,102509,102510],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102511,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,102515,17077],{"class":71},[65,102517,144],{"class":79},[65,102519,102487],{"class":147},[65,102521,151],{"class":79},[65,102523,488],{"class":487},[65,102525,537],{"class":491},[65,102527,488],{"class":487},[65,102529,172],{"class":79},[65,102531,102532],{"class":175},"  # no error if missing\n",[65,102534,102535,102537,102539,102541],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,102536,164],{"class":163},[65,102538,151],{"class":79},[65,102540,17077],{"class":147},[65,102542,157],{"class":79},[20,102544,1046],{},[56,102546,102548],{"className":58,"code":102547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102549,102550,102570],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102551,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102553,360],{"class":79},[65,102555,594],{"class":487},[65,102557,492],{"class":491},[65,102559,594],{"class":487},[65,102561,87],{"class":79},[65,102563,603],{"class":487},[65,102565,511],{"class":491},[65,102567,594],{"class":487},[65,102569,98],{"class":79},[65,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102573,360],{"class":79},[65,102575,594],{"class":487},[65,102577,492],{"class":491},[65,102579,594],{"class":487},[65,102581,87],{"class":79},[65,102583,603],{"class":487},[65,102585,511],{"class":491},[65,102587,594],{"class":487},[65,102589,98],{"class":79},[20,102591,1660,102592,102594],{},[15,102593,102420],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[51,102596,183,102598,186],{"id":102597},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102599,102425],{},[20,102601,102602,191],{},[15,102603,102420],{},[33,102605,102606,102609,102612,102614],{},[36,102607,102608],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,102610,102611],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,102613,95898],{},[36,102615,10999,102616],{},[15,102617,3344],{},[20,102619,102620],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102622,208,102623,214,102626,144],{},[210,102624,102625],{"href":98368},"what a set is in Python",[210,102627,102628],{"href":97460},"how to create a set",[51,102630,222],{"id":221},[56,102632,102634],{"className":58,"code":102633,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102635,102636],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102637,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102639,15241],{"class":71},[65,102641,144],{"class":79},[65,102643,102487],{"class":147},[65,102645,151],{"class":79},[65,102647,2040],{"class":147},[65,102649,157],{"class":79},[33,102651,102652,102657,102662,102665],{},[36,102653,102654,102656],{},[15,102655,15241],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,102658,102659,102661],{},[15,102660,2040],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,102663,102664],{},"The set must already exist",[36,102666,102667],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1286,102669,102671],{"id":102670},"example","Example",[56,102673,102675],{"className":58,"code":102674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102676,102677,102701,102715],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102678,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102680,3185],{"class":71},[65,102682,76],{"class":75},[65,102684,80],{"class":79},[65,102686,84],{"class":83},[65,102688,87],{"class":79},[65,102690,90],{"class":83},[65,102692,87],{"class":79},[65,102694,95],{"class":83},[65,102696,87],{"class":79},[65,102698,116],{"class":83},[65,102700,98],{"class":79},[65,102702,102703,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102704,3215],{"class":71},[65,102706,144],{"class":79},[65,102708,102487],{"class":147},[65,102710,151],{"class":79},[65,102712,111],{"class":83},[65,102714,157],{"class":79},[65,102716,102717,102719,102721,102723],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,102718,164],{"class":163},[65,102720,151],{"class":79},[65,102722,3215],{"class":147},[65,102724,157],{"class":79},[20,102726,350],{},[56,102728,102730],{"className":58,"code":102729,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102731,102732],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102735,360],{"class":79},[65,102737,84],{"class":83},[65,102739,87],{"class":79},[65,102741,90],{"class":83},[65,102743,87],{"class":79},[65,102745,116],{"class":83},[65,102747,98],{"class":79},[51,102749,102751,102752,102754],{"id":102750},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102753,102420],{}," different",[20,102756,102757,102759],{},[15,102758,102420],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,102761,102762,102775,102784],{},[36,102763,102764,102765,1491,102769,102771,102772,102774],{},"Unlike ",[210,102766,102767],{"href":97786},[15,102768,55115],{},[15,102770,102420],{}," does not raise ",[15,102773,19262],{}," when the item is missing",[36,102776,102764,102777,1491,102781,102783],{},[210,102778,102779],{"href":97791},[15,102780,12338],{},[15,102782,102420],{}," removes a specific item",[36,102785,102786],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1286,102788,102790,657,102792],{"id":102789},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102791,102420],{},[15,102793,55115],{},[56,102795,102797],{"className":58,"code":102796,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102798,102799,102823,102827,102848,102858,102862,102883],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102802,7353],{"class":71},[65,102804,76],{"class":75},[65,102806,80],{"class":79},[65,102808,488],{"class":487},[65,102810,3648],{"class":491},[65,102812,488],{"class":487},[65,102814,87],{"class":79},[65,102816,499],{"class":487},[65,102818,3657],{"class":491},[65,102820,488],{"class":487},[65,102822,98],{"class":79},[65,102824,102825],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102826,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,102828,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,102830,7384],{"class":71},[65,102832,144],{"class":79},[65,102834,102487],{"class":147},[65,102836,151],{"class":79},[65,102838,488],{"class":487},[65,102840,32797],{"class":491},[65,102842,488],{"class":487},[65,102844,172],{"class":79},[65,102846,102847],{"class":175},"   # no error\n",[65,102849,102850,102852,102854,102856],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102851,164],{"class":163},[65,102853,151],{"class":79},[65,102855,7384],{"class":147},[65,102857,157],{"class":79},[65,102859,102860],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,102861,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,102863,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,102865,7384],{"class":71},[65,102867,144],{"class":79},[65,102869,34372],{"class":147},[65,102871,151],{"class":79},[65,102873,488],{"class":487},[65,102875,3657],{"class":491},[65,102877,488],{"class":487},[65,102879,172],{"class":79},[65,102881,102882],{"class":175},"    # removes existing item\n",[65,102884,102885,102887,102889,102891],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,102886,164],{"class":163},[65,102888,151],{"class":79},[65,102890,7384],{"class":147},[65,102892,157],{"class":79},[20,102894,350],{},[56,102896,102898],{"className":58,"code":102897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102899,102900,102920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102901,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102903,360],{"class":79},[65,102905,594],{"class":487},[65,102907,3648],{"class":491},[65,102909,594],{"class":487},[65,102911,87],{"class":79},[65,102913,603],{"class":487},[65,102915,3657],{"class":491},[65,102917,594],{"class":487},[65,102919,98],{"class":79},[65,102921,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102923,360],{"class":79},[65,102925,594],{"class":487},[65,102927,3648],{"class":491},[65,102929,594],{"class":487},[65,102931,98],{"class":79},[20,102933,39925,102934,102936,102937,102939],{},[15,102935,55115],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[210,102938,10651],{"href":10650}," for more help with that case.",[51,102941,102943],{"id":102942},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102945,102946,1965,102948,144],{},[15,102947,102420],{},[15,102949,3344],{},[20,102951,102952],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[56,102954,102956],{"className":58,"code":102955,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102957,102958,102990,103012,103016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102959,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102961,12652],{"class":71},[65,102963,76],{"class":75},[65,102965,80],{"class":79},[65,102967,488],{"class":487},[65,102969,492],{"class":491},[65,102971,488],{"class":487},[65,102973,87],{"class":79},[65,102975,499],{"class":487},[65,102977,502],{"class":491},[65,102979,488],{"class":487},[65,102981,87],{"class":79},[65,102983,499],{"class":487},[65,102985,511],{"class":491},[65,102987,488],{"class":487},[65,102989,98],{"class":79},[65,102991,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,102993,136],{"class":71},[65,102995,76],{"class":75},[65,102997,12698],{"class":71},[65,102999,144],{"class":79},[65,103001,102487],{"class":147},[65,103003,151],{"class":79},[65,103005,488],{"class":487},[65,103007,502],{"class":491},[65,103009,488],{"class":487},[65,103011,157],{"class":79},[65,103013,103014],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103015,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103017,103018,103020,103022,103024],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103019,164],{"class":163},[65,103021,151],{"class":79},[65,103023,169],{"class":147},[65,103025,157],{"class":79},[20,103027,350],{},[56,103029,103030],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,103031,103032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103033,103034],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103035,11383],{"class":3419},[20,103037,103038,103039,191],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103040,17077],{},[56,103042,103044],{"className":58,"code":103043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103045,103046,103078,103096,103100],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103049,12652],{"class":71},[65,103051,76],{"class":75},[65,103053,80],{"class":79},[65,103055,488],{"class":487},[65,103057,492],{"class":491},[65,103059,488],{"class":487},[65,103061,87],{"class":79},[65,103063,499],{"class":487},[65,103065,502],{"class":491},[65,103067,488],{"class":487},[65,103069,87],{"class":79},[65,103071,499],{"class":487},[65,103073,511],{"class":491},[65,103075,488],{"class":487},[65,103077,98],{"class":79},[65,103079,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103081,17077],{"class":71},[65,103083,144],{"class":79},[65,103085,102487],{"class":147},[65,103087,151],{"class":79},[65,103089,488],{"class":487},[65,103091,502],{"class":491},[65,103093,488],{"class":487},[65,103095,157],{"class":79},[65,103097,103098],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103099,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103101,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103103,164],{"class":163},[65,103105,151],{"class":79},[65,103107,17077],{"class":147},[65,103109,157],{"class":79},[20,103111,350],{},[56,103113,103115],{"className":58,"code":103114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103116,103117],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103118,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103120,360],{"class":79},[65,103122,594],{"class":487},[65,103124,492],{"class":491},[65,103126,594],{"class":487},[65,103128,87],{"class":79},[65,103130,603],{"class":487},[65,103132,511],{"class":491},[65,103134,594],{"class":487},[65,103136,98],{"class":79},[51,103138,467],{"id":466},[20,103140,103141],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[56,103143,103145],{"className":58,"code":103144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103146,103147,103179,103183,103201,103205,103223,103227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103148,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103150,35819],{"class":71},[65,103152,76],{"class":75},[65,103154,80],{"class":79},[65,103156,488],{"class":487},[65,103158,3648],{"class":491},[65,103160,488],{"class":487},[65,103162,87],{"class":79},[65,103164,499],{"class":487},[65,103166,3657],{"class":491},[65,103168,488],{"class":487},[65,103170,87],{"class":79},[65,103172,499],{"class":487},[65,103174,32797],{"class":491},[65,103176,488],{"class":487},[65,103178,98],{"class":79},[65,103180,103181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103182,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103186,164],{"class":163},[65,103188,151],{"class":79},[65,103190,488],{"class":487},[65,103192,11138],{"class":491},[65,103194,488],{"class":487},[65,103196,87],{"class":79},[65,103198,52437],{"class":147},[65,103200,157],{"class":79},[65,103202,103203],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103204,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103206,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,103208,35871],{"class":71},[65,103210,144],{"class":79},[65,103212,102487],{"class":147},[65,103214,151],{"class":79},[65,103216,488],{"class":487},[65,103218,3657],{"class":491},[65,103220,488],{"class":487},[65,103222,157],{"class":79},[65,103224,103225],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,103226,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103228,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,103230,164],{"class":163},[65,103232,151],{"class":79},[65,103234,488],{"class":487},[65,103236,11178],{"class":491},[65,103238,488],{"class":487},[65,103240,87],{"class":79},[65,103242,52437],{"class":147},[65,103244,157],{"class":79},[20,103246,350],{},[56,103248,103250],{"className":58,"code":103249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103251,103252,103284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103255,11198],{"class":71},[65,103257,191],{"class":79},[65,103259,80],{"class":79},[65,103261,594],{"class":487},[65,103263,3657],{"class":491},[65,103265,594],{"class":487},[65,103267,87],{"class":79},[65,103269,603],{"class":487},[65,103271,3648],{"class":491},[65,103273,594],{"class":487},[65,103275,87],{"class":79},[65,103277,603],{"class":487},[65,103279,32797],{"class":491},[65,103281,594],{"class":487},[65,103283,98],{"class":79},[65,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103287,11251],{"class":71},[65,103289,191],{"class":79},[65,103291,80],{"class":79},[65,103293,594],{"class":487},[65,103295,3648],{"class":491},[65,103297,594],{"class":487},[65,103299,87],{"class":79},[65,103301,603],{"class":487},[65,103303,32797],{"class":491},[65,103305,594],{"class":487},[65,103307,98],{"class":79},[20,103309,103310],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[51,103312,103314],{"id":103313},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103316,103317,103318,103320],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103319,102420],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[56,103322,103324],{"className":58,"code":103323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103325,103326,103358,103362,103380,103384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103327,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103329,35819],{"class":71},[65,103331,76],{"class":75},[65,103333,80],{"class":79},[65,103335,488],{"class":487},[65,103337,3648],{"class":491},[65,103339,488],{"class":487},[65,103341,87],{"class":79},[65,103343,499],{"class":487},[65,103345,3657],{"class":491},[65,103347,488],{"class":487},[65,103349,87],{"class":79},[65,103351,499],{"class":487},[65,103353,32797],{"class":491},[65,103355,488],{"class":487},[65,103357,98],{"class":79},[65,103359,103360],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103361,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103365,35871],{"class":71},[65,103367,144],{"class":79},[65,103369,102487],{"class":147},[65,103371,151],{"class":79},[65,103373,488],{"class":487},[65,103375,22107],{"class":491},[65,103377,488],{"class":487},[65,103379,157],{"class":79},[65,103381,103382],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103383,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103385,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,103387,164],{"class":163},[65,103389,151],{"class":79},[65,103391,35871],{"class":147},[65,103393,157],{"class":79},[20,103395,350],{},[56,103397,103399],{"className":58,"code":103398,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103400,103401],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103402,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103404,360],{"class":79},[65,103406,594],{"class":487},[65,103408,3657],{"class":491},[65,103410,594],{"class":487},[65,103412,87],{"class":79},[65,103414,603],{"class":487},[65,103416,3648],{"class":491},[65,103418,594],{"class":487},[65,103420,87],{"class":79},[65,103422,603],{"class":487},[65,103424,32797],{"class":491},[65,103426,594],{"class":487},[65,103428,98],{"class":79},[20,103430,103431],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103433,103434],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[56,103436,103438],{"className":58,"code":103437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103439,103440,103456],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103441,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103443,6569],{"class":3444},[65,103445,499],{"class":487},[65,103447,22107],{"class":491},[65,103449,488],{"class":487},[65,103451,20749],{"class":75},[65,103453,52437],{"class":71},[65,103455,5963],{"class":79},[65,103457,103458,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103459,103460],{"class":71},"    fruits",[65,103462,144],{"class":79},[65,103464,34372],{"class":147},[65,103466,151],{"class":79},[65,103468,488],{"class":487},[65,103470,22107],{"class":491},[65,103472,488],{"class":487},[65,103474,157],{"class":79},[20,103476,103477,103478,103480],{},"With ",[15,103479,102420],{},", you can simply write:",[56,103482,103484],{"className":58,"code":103483,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103485,103486],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103487,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103489,35871],{"class":71},[65,103491,144],{"class":79},[65,103493,102487],{"class":147},[65,103495,151],{"class":79},[65,103497,488],{"class":487},[65,103499,22107],{"class":491},[65,103501,488],{"class":487},[65,103503,157],{"class":79},[51,103505,4529,103507],{"id":103506},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103508,102420],{},[20,103510,1660,103511,10177],{},[15,103512,102420],{},[33,103514,103515,103518,103521],{},[36,103516,103517],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,103519,103520],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,103522,103523],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103525,103526],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[51,103528,2396],{"id":2395},[20,103530,8024,103531,144],{},[15,103532,102420],{},[1286,103534,8030,103536,103538],{"id":103535},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103537,102420],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103540,4094],{},[56,103542,103544],{"className":58,"code":103543,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103545,103546,103566,103584,103588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103547,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103549,3185],{"class":71},[65,103551,76],{"class":75},[65,103553,80],{"class":79},[65,103555,84],{"class":83},[65,103557,87],{"class":79},[65,103559,90],{"class":83},[65,103561,87],{"class":79},[65,103563,95],{"class":83},[65,103565,98],{"class":79},[65,103567,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103569,3185],{"class":71},[65,103571,76],{"class":75},[65,103573,3833],{"class":71},[65,103575,144],{"class":79},[65,103577,102487],{"class":147},[65,103579,151],{"class":79},[65,103581,1624],{"class":83},[65,103583,157],{"class":79},[65,103585,103586],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103587,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103591,164],{"class":163},[65,103593,151],{"class":79},[65,103595,3215],{"class":147},[65,103597,157],{"class":79},[20,103599,103600,41738,103602,8179,103604,1965,103606,144],{},[15,103601,3215],{},[15,103603,3344],{},[15,103605,102420],{},[15,103607,3344],{},[20,103609,18415],{},[56,103611,103613],{"className":58,"code":103612,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103614,103615,103635,103649,103653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103616,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103618,3185],{"class":71},[65,103620,76],{"class":75},[65,103622,80],{"class":79},[65,103624,84],{"class":83},[65,103626,87],{"class":79},[65,103628,90],{"class":83},[65,103630,87],{"class":79},[65,103632,95],{"class":83},[65,103634,98],{"class":79},[65,103636,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103638,3215],{"class":71},[65,103640,144],{"class":79},[65,103642,102487],{"class":147},[65,103644,151],{"class":79},[65,103646,1624],{"class":83},[65,103648,157],{"class":79},[65,103650,103651],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103652,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,103654,103655,103657,103659,103661],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103656,164],{"class":163},[65,103658,151],{"class":79},[65,103660,3215],{"class":147},[65,103662,157],{"class":79},[1286,103664,36784,103666,8282,103668],{"id":103665},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103667,102420],{},[15,103669,55115],{},[20,103671,103672,103673,144],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103674,102420],{},[56,103676,103678],{"className":58,"code":103677,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103679,103680,103712,103733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103681,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103683,35670],{"class":71},[65,103685,76],{"class":75},[65,103687,80],{"class":79},[65,103689,488],{"class":487},[65,103691,210],{"class":491},[65,103693,488],{"class":487},[65,103695,87],{"class":79},[65,103697,499],{"class":487},[65,103699,154],{"class":491},[65,103701,488],{"class":487},[65,103703,87],{"class":79},[65,103705,499],{"class":487},[65,103707,9317],{"class":491},[65,103709,488],{"class":487},[65,103711,98],{"class":79},[65,103713,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103715,35723],{"class":71},[65,103717,144],{"class":79},[65,103719,102487],{"class":147},[65,103721,151],{"class":79},[65,103723,488],{"class":487},[65,103725,21652],{"class":491},[65,103727,488],{"class":487},[65,103729,172],{"class":79},[65,103731,103732],{"class":175},"   # safe\n",[65,103734,103735,103737,103739,103741],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103736,164],{"class":163},[65,103738,151],{"class":79},[65,103740,35723],{"class":147},[65,103742,157],{"class":79},[20,103744,103745,103746,45492,103749,144],{},"If you use ",[15,103747,103748],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103750,19262],{},[1286,103752,25192,103754,103756],{"id":103753},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103755,102420],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103758,103759,101777],{},[15,103760,102420],{},[20,103762,16219],{},[56,103764,103766],{"className":58,"code":103765,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103767,103768,103788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103769,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103771,7353],{"class":71},[65,103773,76],{"class":75},[65,103775,1339],{"class":79},[65,103777,84],{"class":83},[65,103779,87],{"class":79},[65,103781,90],{"class":83},[65,103783,87],{"class":79},[65,103785,95],{"class":83},[65,103787,1352],{"class":79},[65,103789,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103791,7384],{"class":71},[65,103793,144],{"class":79},[65,103795,102487],{"class":147},[65,103797,151],{"class":79},[65,103799,1624],{"class":83},[65,103801,157],{"class":79},[20,103803,103804,103805,191],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103806,102420],{},[56,103808,103810],{"className":58,"code":103809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103811,103812,103832,103846],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103815,7353],{"class":71},[65,103817,76],{"class":75},[65,103819,80],{"class":79},[65,103821,84],{"class":83},[65,103823,87],{"class":79},[65,103825,90],{"class":83},[65,103827,87],{"class":79},[65,103829,95],{"class":83},[65,103831,98],{"class":79},[65,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103835,7384],{"class":71},[65,103837,144],{"class":79},[65,103839,102487],{"class":147},[65,103841,151],{"class":79},[65,103843,1624],{"class":83},[65,103845,157],{"class":79},[65,103847,103848,103850,103852,103854],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103849,164],{"class":163},[65,103851,151],{"class":79},[65,103853,7384],{"class":147},[65,103855,157],{"class":79},[1286,103857,103859],{"id":103858},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103861,103862],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103864,2403],{},[56,103866,103868],{"className":58,"code":103867,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103869,103870,103890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103871,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103873,8744],{"class":71},[65,103875,76],{"class":75},[65,103877,80],{"class":79},[65,103879,84],{"class":83},[65,103881,87],{"class":79},[65,103883,90],{"class":83},[65,103885,87],{"class":79},[65,103887,95],{"class":83},[65,103889,98],{"class":79},[65,103891,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103893,8783],{"class":71},[65,103895,144],{"class":79},[65,103897,102487],{"class":147},[65,103899,2552],{"class":79},[65,103901,1624],{"class":83},[65,103903,3457],{"class":79},[20,103905,103906],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[51,103908,8450],{"id":8449},[20,103910,8453,103911,103913],{},[15,103912,102420],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[56,103915,103917],{"className":58,"code":103916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103918,103919,103929,103943,103957],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103920,103921,103923,103925,103927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103922,164],{"class":163},[65,103924,151],{"class":79},[65,103926,15241],{"class":147},[65,103928,157],{"class":79},[65,103930,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,103932,164],{"class":163},[65,103934,151],{"class":79},[65,103936,1260],{"class":1259},[65,103938,151],{"class":79},[65,103940,15241],{"class":147},[65,103942,1028],{"class":79},[65,103944,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,103946,164],{"class":163},[65,103948,151],{"class":79},[65,103950,2015],{"class":147},[65,103952,3451],{"class":3444},[65,103954,96501],{"class":147},[65,103956,157],{"class":79},[65,103958,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103960,31728],{"class":163},[65,103962,151],{"class":79},[65,103964,1401],{"class":1259},[65,103966,144],{"class":79},[65,103968,102487],{"class":24325},[65,103970,157],{"class":79},[20,103972,10746],{},[33,103974,103975,103978,103981,103984],{},[36,103976,103977],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,103979,103980],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,103982,103983],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,103985,103986],{},"How Python documents the method",[51,103988,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,103990,103992],{"id":103991},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103994,103995,103996,103998],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103997,102420],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1286,104000,4711,104002,12291],{"id":104001},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104003,102425],{},[20,104005,4717,104006,104008],{},[15,104007,3344],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1286,104010,1299,104012,634,104014,1304],{"id":104011},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104013,102420],{},[15,104015,55115],{},[20,104017,104018,104019,26114,104021,104023,104024,104026],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104020,55115],{},[15,104022,19262],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104025,102420],{}," does not.",[1286,104028,1316,104030,104032],{"id":104029},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104031,102420],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104034,45949,104035,104037],{},[15,104036,102420],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[51,104039,1455],{"id":1454},[33,104041,104042,104048,104054,104059,104063],{},[36,104043,104044],{},[210,104045,1471,104046,1474],{"href":97786},[15,104047,55115],{},[36,104049,104050],{},[210,104051,1471,104052,1474],{"href":97791},[15,104053,12338],{},[36,104055,104056],{},[210,104057,104058],{"href":97460},"Python set: creating a set",[36,104060,104061],{},[210,104062,99923],{"href":98368},[36,104064,104065],{},[210,104066,10838],{"href":10650},[1499,104068,104069],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":104071},[104072,104073,104075,104078,104083,104084,104085,104086,104088,104097,104098,104107],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":102597,"depth":101,"text":104074},"What set.discard() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":104076},[104077],{"id":102670,"depth":126,"text":102671},{"id":102750,"depth":101,"text":104079,"children":104080},"What makes discard() different",[104081],{"id":102789,"depth":126,"text":104082},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102942,"depth":101,"text":102943},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":103313,"depth":101,"text":103314},{"id":103506,"depth":101,"text":104087},"When to use discard()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":104089},[104090,104092,104094,104096],{"id":103535,"depth":126,"text":104091},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103665,"depth":126,"text":104093},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103753,"depth":126,"text":104095},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103858,"depth":126,"text":103859},{"id":8449,"depth":101,"text":8450},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":104099},[104100,104101,104103,104105],{"id":103991,"depth":126,"text":103992},{"id":104001,"depth":126,"text":104102},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104011,"depth":126,"text":104104},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104029,"depth":126,"text":104106},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102412,"description":104108},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104115,"title":104116,"body":104117,"description":106122,"extension":1528,"meta":106123,"navigation":129,"path":106124,"seo":106125,"stem":106126,"__hash__":106127},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104118,"toc":106080},[104119,104122,104130,104135,104146,104148,104203,104207,104227,104232,104236,104241,104243,104257,104259,104334,104336,104369,104374,104379,104381,104383,104398,104401,104409,104414,104429,104431,104520,104522,104611,104617,104621,104623,104661,104663,104687,104690,104705,104707,104762,104764,104797,104799,104804,104808,104812,104817,104882,104884,104904,104909,104913,104970,104972,104993,104997,105002,105047,105049,105082,105085,105089,105122,105124,105153,105157,105161,105164,105166,105185,105187,105233,105238,105252,105254,105285,105290,105293,105337,105339,105367,105371,105375,105391,105394,105459,105461,105473,105476,105480,105483,105488,105516,105518,105536,105542,105581,105583,105601,105607,105636,105638,105656,105659,105676,105678,105683,105687,105690,105716,105723,105728,105743,105752,105756,105759,105790,105796,105799,105808,105811,105813,105815,105873,105876,105901,105903,105907,105910,105914,105922,105926,105929,105933,105936,105938,105961,105963,106004,106011,106019,106022,106053,106055,106077],[10,104120,104116],{"id":104121},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104123,8701,104124,104126,104127,144],{},[15,104125,3363],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[43,104128,104129],{},"unique values only",[20,104131,34984,104132,104134],{},[15,104133,3363],{}," to:",[33,104136,104137,104140,104143],{},[36,104138,104139],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,104141,104142],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,104144,104145],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[51,104147,1570],{"id":1569},[56,104149,104151],{"className":58,"code":104150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104152,104153,104177,104192],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104154,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104156,3185],{"class":71},[65,104158,76],{"class":75},[65,104160,1339],{"class":79},[65,104162,84],{"class":83},[65,104164,87],{"class":79},[65,104166,90],{"class":83},[65,104168,87],{"class":79},[65,104170,90],{"class":83},[65,104172,87],{"class":79},[65,104174,95],{"class":83},[65,104176,1352],{"class":79},[65,104178,104179,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104180,104181],{"class":71},"unique_numbers ",[65,104183,76],{"class":75},[65,104185,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104187,151],{"class":79},[65,104189,3215],{"class":147},[65,104191,157],{"class":79},[65,104193,104194,104196,104198,104201],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104195,164],{"class":163},[65,104197,151],{"class":79},[65,104199,104200],{"class":147},"unique_numbers",[65,104202,157],{"class":79},[20,104204,104205],{},[43,104206,350],{},[56,104208,104209],{"className":58,"code":96185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104210,104211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104212,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104214,360],{"class":79},[65,104216,84],{"class":83},[65,104218,87],{"class":79},[65,104220,90],{"class":83},[65,104222,87],{"class":79},[65,104224,95],{"class":83},[65,104226,98],{"class":79},[20,104228,1660,104229,104231],{},[15,104230,3363],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[51,104233,104235],{"id":104234},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104237,104238,104240],{},[15,104239,3363],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104242,30115],{},[33,104244,104245,104248,104251,104254],{},[36,104246,104247],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,104249,104250],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,104252,104253],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,104255,104256],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104258,267],{},[56,104260,104262],{"className":58,"code":104261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104263,104264,104304,104319,104323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104267,12652],{"class":71},[65,104269,76],{"class":75},[65,104271,1339],{"class":79},[65,104273,488],{"class":487},[65,104275,492],{"class":491},[65,104277,488],{"class":487},[65,104279,87],{"class":79},[65,104281,499],{"class":487},[65,104283,502],{"class":491},[65,104285,488],{"class":487},[65,104287,87],{"class":79},[65,104289,499],{"class":487},[65,104291,492],{"class":491},[65,104293,488],{"class":487},[65,104295,87],{"class":79},[65,104297,499],{"class":487},[65,104299,511],{"class":491},[65,104301,488],{"class":487},[65,104303,1352],{"class":79},[65,104305,104306,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104307,104308],{"class":71},"unique_colors ",[65,104310,76],{"class":75},[65,104312,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104314,151],{"class":79},[65,104316,17077],{"class":147},[65,104318,157],{"class":79},[65,104320,104321],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104322,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,104324,104325,104327,104329,104332],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104326,164],{"class":163},[65,104328,151],{"class":79},[65,104330,104331],{"class":147},"unique_colors",[65,104333,157],{"class":79},[20,104335,1046],{},[56,104337,104339],{"className":58,"code":104338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104340,104341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104342,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104344,360],{"class":79},[65,104346,594],{"class":487},[65,104348,502],{"class":491},[65,104350,594],{"class":487},[65,104352,87],{"class":79},[65,104354,603],{"class":487},[65,104356,511],{"class":491},[65,104358,594],{"class":487},[65,104360,87],{"class":79},[65,104362,603],{"class":487},[65,104364,492],{"class":491},[65,104366,594],{"class":487},[65,104368,98],{"class":79},[20,104370,1853,104371,104373],{},[15,104372,633],{}," appears only once.",[20,104375,104376,104377,144],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[210,104378,213],{"href":212},[51,104380,222],{"id":221},[20,104382,1728],{},[56,104384,104386],{"className":58,"code":104385,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104387,104388],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104389,104390,104392,104394,104396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104391,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104393,151],{"class":79},[65,104395,3286],{"class":147},[65,104397,157],{"class":79},[20,104399,104400],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,104402,104403,104406],{},[36,104404,104405],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,104407,104408],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104410,104411,104412,191],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104413,3363],{},[33,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104426],{},[36,104417,7669],{},[36,104419,48538],{},[36,104421,60759],{},[36,104423,104424],{},[15,104425,35778],{},[36,104427,104428],{},"another set",[20,104430,1694],{},[56,104432,104434],{"className":58,"code":104433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104435,104436,104462,104484,104502],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104437,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104439,164],{"class":163},[65,104441,151],{"class":79},[65,104443,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104445,2552],{"class":79},[65,104447,84],{"class":83},[65,104449,87],{"class":79},[65,104451,90],{"class":83},[65,104453,87],{"class":79},[65,104455,90],{"class":83},[65,104457,87],{"class":79},[65,104459,95],{"class":83},[65,104461,2565],{"class":79},[65,104463,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104465,164],{"class":163},[65,104467,151],{"class":79},[65,104469,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104471,5079],{"class":79},[65,104473,1898],{"class":83},[65,104475,87],{"class":79},[65,104477,7364],{"class":83},[65,104479,87],{"class":79},[65,104481,5574],{"class":83},[65,104483,2478],{"class":79},[65,104485,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104487,164],{"class":163},[65,104489,151],{"class":79},[65,104491,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104493,151],{"class":79},[65,104495,488],{"class":487},[65,104497,3412],{"class":491},[65,104499,488],{"class":487},[65,104501,1028],{"class":79},[65,104503,104504,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104505,164],{"class":163},[65,104507,151],{"class":79},[65,104509,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104511,151],{"class":79},[65,104513,59583],{"class":163},[65,104515,151],{"class":79},[65,104517,2072],{"class":83},[65,104519,2478],{"class":79},[20,104521,1046],{},[56,104523,104525],{"className":58,"code":104524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104526,104527,104543,104555,104591],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104528,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104530,360],{"class":79},[65,104532,84],{"class":83},[65,104534,87],{"class":79},[65,104536,90],{"class":83},[65,104538,87],{"class":79},[65,104540,95],{"class":83},[65,104542,98],{"class":79},[65,104544,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104546,360],{"class":79},[65,104548,1898],{"class":83},[65,104550,87],{"class":79},[65,104552,7364],{"class":83},[65,104554,98],{"class":79},[65,104556,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104558,360],{"class":79},[65,104560,594],{"class":487},[65,104562,60023],{"class":491},[65,104564,594],{"class":487},[65,104566,87],{"class":79},[65,104568,603],{"class":487},[65,104570,60032],{"class":491},[65,104572,594],{"class":487},[65,104574,87],{"class":79},[65,104576,603],{"class":487},[65,104578,60041],{"class":491},[65,104580,594],{"class":487},[65,104582,87],{"class":79},[65,104584,603],{"class":487},[65,104586,60058],{"class":491},[65,104588,594],{"class":487},[65,104590,98],{"class":79},[65,104592,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104594,360],{"class":79},[65,104596,1688],{"class":83},[65,104598,87],{"class":79},[65,104600,5066],{"class":83},[65,104602,87],{"class":79},[65,104604,90],{"class":83},[65,104606,87],{"class":79},[65,104608,95],{"class":83},[65,104610,98],{"class":79},[20,104612,104613,104614,144],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[210,104615,104616],{"href":64432},"Python list() function explained",[51,104618,104620],{"id":104619},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104622,97857],{},[56,104624,104625],{"className":58,"code":98821,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104626,104627,104637,104647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104628,104629,104631,104633,104635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104630,97867],{"class":71},[65,104632,76],{"class":75},[65,104634,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104636,8220],{"class":79},[65,104638,104639,104641,104643,104645],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104640,164],{"class":163},[65,104642,151],{"class":79},[65,104644,97886],{"class":147},[65,104646,157],{"class":79},[65,104648,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104650,164],{"class":163},[65,104652,151],{"class":79},[65,104654,1260],{"class":1259},[65,104656,151],{"class":79},[65,104658,97886],{"class":147},[65,104660,1028],{"class":79},[20,104662,350],{},[56,104664,104665],{"className":58,"code":98864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104666,104667,104673],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104668,104669,104671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104670,1401],{"class":1259},[65,104672,8220],{"class":79},[65,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104676,2857],{"class":75},[65,104678,2860],{"class":1632},[65,104680,603],{"class":487},[65,104682,1401],{"class":491},[65,104684,594],{"class":487},[65,104686,2869],{"class":75},[20,104688,104689],{},"This is important because:",[33,104691,104692,104697],{},[36,104693,104694,104696],{},[15,104695,3363],{}," creates an empty set",[36,104698,104699,104701,104702,104704],{},[15,104700,3358],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[43,104703,45],{}," a set",[20,104706,267],{},[56,104708,104710],{"className":58,"code":104709,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104711,104712,104722,104730,104734,104748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104713,104714,104716,104718,104720],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104715,72],{"class":71},[65,104717,76],{"class":75},[65,104719,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104721,8220],{"class":79},[65,104723,104724,104726,104728],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104725,104],{"class":71},[65,104727,76],{"class":75},[65,104729,9416],{"class":79},[65,104731,104732],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104733,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,104735,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104737,164],{"class":163},[65,104739,151],{"class":79},[65,104741,1260],{"class":1259},[65,104743,151],{"class":79},[65,104745,210],{"class":147},[65,104747,1028],{"class":79},[65,104749,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,104751,164],{"class":163},[65,104753,151],{"class":79},[65,104755,1260],{"class":1259},[65,104757,151],{"class":79},[65,104759,154],{"class":147},[65,104761,1028],{"class":79},[20,104763,350],{},[56,104765,104767],{"className":58,"code":104766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104768,104769,104783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104770,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104772,2857],{"class":75},[65,104774,2860],{"class":1632},[65,104776,603],{"class":487},[65,104778,1401],{"class":491},[65,104780,594],{"class":487},[65,104782,2869],{"class":75},[65,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104786,2857],{"class":75},[65,104788,2860],{"class":1632},[65,104790,603],{"class":487},[65,104792,8399],{"class":491},[65,104794,594],{"class":487},[65,104796,2869],{"class":75},[20,104798,13623],{},[20,104800,104801,104802,144],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[210,104803,104058],{"href":217},[51,104805,104807],{"id":104806},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1286,104809,104811],{"id":104810},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104813,104814,104815,144],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104816,3363],{},[56,104818,104820],{"className":58,"code":104819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104821,104822,104854,104868,104872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104823,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104825,3185],{"class":71},[65,104827,76],{"class":75},[65,104829,1339],{"class":79},[65,104831,84],{"class":83},[65,104833,87],{"class":79},[65,104835,90],{"class":83},[65,104837,87],{"class":79},[65,104839,90],{"class":83},[65,104841,87],{"class":79},[65,104843,95],{"class":83},[65,104845,87],{"class":79},[65,104847,95],{"class":83},[65,104849,87],{"class":79},[65,104851,95],{"class":83},[65,104853,1352],{"class":79},[65,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104857,136],{"class":71},[65,104859,76],{"class":75},[65,104861,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104863,151],{"class":79},[65,104865,3215],{"class":147},[65,104867,157],{"class":79},[65,104869,104870],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104871,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,104873,104874,104876,104878,104880],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104875,164],{"class":163},[65,104877,151],{"class":79},[65,104879,169],{"class":147},[65,104881,157],{"class":79},[20,104883,350],{},[56,104885,104886],{"className":58,"code":96185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104887,104888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104889,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104891,360],{"class":79},[65,104893,84],{"class":83},[65,104895,87],{"class":79},[65,104897,90],{"class":83},[65,104899,87],{"class":79},[65,104901,95],{"class":83},[65,104903,98],{"class":79},[20,104905,104906,104907,144],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[210,104908,1190],{"href":1189},[1286,104910,104912],{"id":104911},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[56,104914,104916],{"className":58,"code":104915,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104917,104918,104942,104956,104960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104919,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104921,3389],{"class":71},[65,104923,76],{"class":75},[65,104925,8815],{"class":79},[65,104927,1705],{"class":83},[65,104929,87],{"class":79},[65,104931,121],{"class":83},[65,104933,87],{"class":79},[65,104935,5574],{"class":83},[65,104937,87],{"class":79},[65,104939,37517],{"class":83},[65,104941,157],{"class":79},[65,104943,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,104945,136],{"class":71},[65,104947,76],{"class":75},[65,104949,1386],{"class":1259},[65,104951,151],{"class":79},[65,104953,4928],{"class":147},[65,104955,157],{"class":79},[65,104957,104958],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,104959,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,104961,104962,104964,104966,104968],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104963,164],{"class":163},[65,104965,151],{"class":79},[65,104967,169],{"class":147},[65,104969,157],{"class":79},[20,104971,350],{},[56,104973,104975],{"className":58,"code":104974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104976,104977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104978,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104980,360],{"class":79},[65,104982,1705],{"class":83},[65,104984,87],{"class":79},[65,104986,5574],{"class":83},[65,104988,87],{"class":79},[65,104990,37517],{"class":83},[65,104992,98],{"class":79},[1286,104994,104996],{"id":104995},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104998,50712,104999,105001],{},[15,105000,3363],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[56,105003,105005],{"className":58,"code":105004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105006,105007,105019,105033,105037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105008,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105010,34265],{"class":71},[65,105012,76],{"class":75},[65,105014,499],{"class":487},[65,105016,3657],{"class":491},[65,105018,2925],{"class":487},[65,105020,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105022,136],{"class":71},[65,105024,76],{"class":75},[65,105026,1386],{"class":1259},[65,105028,151],{"class":79},[65,105030,34286],{"class":147},[65,105032,157],{"class":79},[65,105034,105035],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,105036,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105040,164],{"class":163},[65,105042,151],{"class":79},[65,105044,169],{"class":147},[65,105046,157],{"class":79},[20,105048,1046],{},[56,105050,105052],{"className":58,"code":105051,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105053,105054],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105055,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105057,360],{"class":79},[65,105059,594],{"class":487},[65,105061,154],{"class":491},[65,105063,594],{"class":487},[65,105065,87],{"class":79},[65,105067,603],{"class":487},[65,105069,210],{"class":491},[65,105071,594],{"class":487},[65,105073,87],{"class":79},[65,105075,603],{"class":487},[65,105077,75614],{"class":491},[65,105079,594],{"class":487},[65,105081,98],{"class":79},[20,105083,105084],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1286,105086,105088],{"id":105087},"from-range","From range()",[56,105090,105092],{"className":58,"code":105091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105093,105094,105112],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105095,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105097,136],{"class":71},[65,105099,76],{"class":75},[65,105101,1386],{"class":1259},[65,105103,151],{"class":79},[65,105105,59583],{"class":163},[65,105107,151],{"class":79},[65,105109,1705],{"class":83},[65,105111,1028],{"class":79},[65,105113,105114,105116,105118,105120],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105115,164],{"class":163},[65,105117,151],{"class":79},[65,105119,169],{"class":147},[65,105121,157],{"class":79},[20,105123,350],{},[56,105125,105127],{"className":58,"code":105126,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105128,105129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105132,360],{"class":79},[65,105134,1688],{"class":83},[65,105136,87],{"class":79},[65,105138,5066],{"class":83},[65,105140,87],{"class":79},[65,105142,90],{"class":83},[65,105144,87],{"class":79},[65,105146,95],{"class":83},[65,105148,87],{"class":79},[65,105150,116],{"class":83},[65,105152,98],{"class":79},[51,105154,105156],{"id":105155},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105158,99101,105159,144],{},[43,105160,95950],{},[20,105162,105163],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105165,99107],{},[33,105167,105168,105172,105176,105180],{},[36,105169,105170],{},[15,105171,1757],{},[36,105173,105174],{},[15,105175,3010],{},[36,105177,105178],{},[15,105179,1760],{},[36,105181,105182,105184],{},[15,105183,48538],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105186,267],{},[56,105188,105190],{"className":58,"code":105189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105191,105192,105223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105193,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105195,7353],{"class":71},[65,105197,76],{"class":75},[65,105199,80],{"class":79},[65,105201,84],{"class":83},[65,105203,87],{"class":79},[65,105205,499],{"class":487},[65,105207,3412],{"class":491},[65,105209,488],{"class":487},[65,105211,87],{"class":79},[65,105213,8815],{"class":79},[65,105215,1898],{"class":83},[65,105217,87],{"class":79},[65,105219,7364],{"class":83},[65,105221,105222],{"class":79},")}\n",[65,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105226,164],{"class":163},[65,105228,151],{"class":79},[65,105230,7384],{"class":147},[65,105232,157],{"class":79},[20,105234,99169,105235,105237],{},[43,105236,45],{}," work inside a set:",[33,105239,105240,105244,105248],{},[36,105241,105242],{},[15,105243,7669],{},[36,105245,105246],{},[15,105247,8399],{},[36,105249,105250],{},[15,105251,1401],{},[20,105253,96673],{},[56,105255,105257],{"className":58,"code":105256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105258,105259],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105260,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105262,99188],{"class":71},[65,105264,76],{"class":75},[65,105266,99193],{"class":79},[65,105268,84],{"class":83},[65,105270,87],{"class":79},[65,105272,90],{"class":83},[65,105274,17637],{"class":79},[65,105276,1339],{"class":79},[65,105278,111],{"class":83},[65,105280,87],{"class":79},[65,105282,116],{"class":83},[65,105284,13280],{"class":79},[20,105286,76442,105287,105289],{},[15,105288,2571],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105291,105292],{},"A safer example:",[56,105294,105296],{"className":58,"code":105295,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105297,105298,105326],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105299,105300,105303,105305,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105301,105302],{"class":71},"good_set ",[65,105304,76],{"class":75},[65,105306,105307],{"class":79}," {(",[65,105309,84],{"class":83},[65,105311,87],{"class":79},[65,105313,90],{"class":83},[65,105315,8812],{"class":79},[65,105317,8815],{"class":79},[65,105319,111],{"class":83},[65,105321,87],{"class":79},[65,105323,116],{"class":83},[65,105325,105222],{"class":79},[65,105327,105328,105330,105332,105335],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105329,164],{"class":163},[65,105331,151],{"class":79},[65,105333,105334],{"class":147},"good_set",[65,105336,157],{"class":79},[20,105338,350],{},[56,105340,105342],{"className":58,"code":105341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105343,105344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105345,105346,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105347,105348],{"class":79},"{(",[65,105350,84],{"class":83},[65,105352,87],{"class":79},[65,105354,90],{"class":83},[65,105356,8812],{"class":79},[65,105358,8815],{"class":79},[65,105360,111],{"class":83},[65,105362,87],{"class":79},[65,105364,116],{"class":83},[65,105366,105222],{"class":79},[51,105368,105370],{"id":105369},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105372,1660,105373,10177],{},[15,105374,3363],{},[33,105376,105377,105380,105385,105388],{},[36,105378,105379],{},"you need unique values only",[36,105381,105382,105383],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105384,3451],{},[36,105386,105387],{},"order does not matter",[36,105389,105390],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105392,105393],{},"Example of membership checking:",[56,105395,105397],{"className":58,"code":105396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105398,105399,105424,105428,105444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105400,105401,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105417,105419,105422],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105402,105403],{"class":71},"allowed_ids ",[65,105405,76],{"class":75},[65,105407,1386],{"class":1259},[65,105409,2552],{"class":79},[65,105411,46176],{"class":83},[65,105413,87],{"class":79},[65,105415,105416],{"class":83}," 102",[65,105418,87],{"class":79},[65,105420,105421],{"class":83}," 103",[65,105423,3457],{"class":79},[65,105425,105426],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105427,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,105429,105430,105432,105434,105437,105439,105442],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,105431,164],{"class":163},[65,105433,151],{"class":79},[65,105435,105436],{"class":83},"102",[65,105438,20749],{"class":3444},[65,105440,105441],{"class":147}," allowed_ids",[65,105443,157],{"class":79},[65,105445,105446,105448,105450,105453,105455,105457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105447,164],{"class":163},[65,105449,151],{"class":79},[65,105451,105452],{"class":83},"999",[65,105454,20749],{"class":3444},[65,105456,105441],{"class":147},[65,105458,157],{"class":79},[20,105460,350],{},[56,105462,105463],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105464,105465,105469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105466,105467],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105468,3549],{"class":3419},[65,105470,105471],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105472,3610],{"class":3419},[20,105474,105475],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[51,105477,105479],{"id":105478},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105481,105482],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1286,105484,1660,105486,97799],{"id":105485},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105487,3363],{},[56,105489,105490],{"className":58,"code":97860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105491,105492,105502],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105493,105494,105496,105498,105500],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105495,97867],{"class":71},[65,105497,76],{"class":75},[65,105499,1386],{"class":1259},[65,105501,8220],{"class":79},[65,105503,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105505,164],{"class":163},[65,105507,151],{"class":79},[65,105509,1260],{"class":1259},[65,105511,151],{"class":79},[65,105513,97886],{"class":147},[65,105515,1028],{"class":79},[20,105517,350],{},[56,105519,105520],{"className":58,"code":8430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105521,105522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105523,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105525,2857],{"class":75},[65,105527,2860],{"class":1632},[65,105529,603],{"class":487},[65,105531,1401],{"class":491},[65,105533,594],{"class":487},[65,105535,2869],{"class":75},[1286,105537,1660,105539,105541],{"id":105538},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105540,413],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[56,105543,105545],{"className":58,"code":105544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105546,105547,105567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105548,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105550,3185],{"class":71},[65,105552,76],{"class":75},[65,105554,80],{"class":79},[65,105556,84],{"class":83},[65,105558,87],{"class":79},[65,105560,90],{"class":83},[65,105562,87],{"class":79},[65,105564,95],{"class":83},[65,105566,98],{"class":79},[65,105568,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105570,164],{"class":163},[65,105572,151],{"class":79},[65,105574,1260],{"class":1259},[65,105576,151],{"class":79},[65,105578,3215],{"class":147},[65,105580,1028],{"class":79},[20,105582,350],{},[56,105584,105585],{"className":58,"code":8430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105586,105587],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105588,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105590,2857],{"class":75},[65,105592,2860],{"class":1632},[65,105594,603],{"class":487},[65,105596,1401],{"class":491},[65,105598,594],{"class":487},[65,105600,2869],{"class":75},[1286,105602,1660,105604,105606],{"id":105603},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105605,3358],{}," for an empty dictionary",[56,105608,105610],{"className":58,"code":105609,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105611,105612,105621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105613,105614,105617,105619],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105615,105616],{"class":71},"empty_dict ",[65,105618,76],{"class":75},[65,105620,9416],{"class":79},[65,105622,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105634],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105624,164],{"class":163},[65,105626,151],{"class":79},[65,105628,1260],{"class":1259},[65,105630,151],{"class":79},[65,105632,105633],{"class":147},"empty_dict",[65,105635,1028],{"class":79},[20,105637,350],{},[56,105639,105640],{"className":58,"code":8386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105641,105642],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105643,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105645,2857],{"class":75},[65,105647,2860],{"class":1632},[65,105649,603],{"class":487},[65,105651,8399],{"class":491},[65,105653,594],{"class":487},[65,105655,2869],{"class":75},[20,105657,105658],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,105660,105661,105666,105671],{},[36,105662,105663,105665],{},[15,105664,3363],{}," → empty set",[36,105667,105668,105670],{},[15,105669,413],{}," → non-empty set",[36,105672,105673,105675],{},[15,105674,3358],{}," → empty dictionary",[51,105677,2396],{"id":2395},[20,105679,105680,105681,144],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105682,3363],{},[1286,105684,7994,105685,99456],{"id":99453},[15,105686,3358],{},[20,105688,105689],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[56,105691,105692],{"className":58,"code":99462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105693,105694,105702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105695,105696,105698,105700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105697,2015],{"class":71},[65,105699,76],{"class":75},[65,105701,9416],{"class":79},[65,105703,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105705,164],{"class":163},[65,105707,151],{"class":79},[65,105709,1260],{"class":1259},[65,105711,151],{"class":79},[65,105713,2040],{"class":147},[65,105715,1028],{"class":79},[1286,105717,105719,105720],{"id":105718},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105721,105722],{},"set(5)",[20,105724,105725,105727],{},[15,105726,3363],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[56,105729,105731],{"className":58,"code":105730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set(5)\n",[15,105732,105733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105734,105735,105737,105739,105741],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105736,1401],{"class":1259},[65,105738,151],{"class":79},[65,105740,1705],{"class":83},[65,105742,157],{"class":79},[20,105744,2568,105745,105747,105748,144],{},[15,105746,2571],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[210,105749,105751],{"href":105750},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1286,105753,105755],{"id":105754},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105757,105758],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[56,105760,105762],{"className":58,"code":105761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105763,105764],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105765,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105767,2015],{"class":71},[65,105769,76],{"class":75},[65,105771,99193],{"class":79},[65,105773,84],{"class":83},[65,105775,87],{"class":79},[65,105777,90],{"class":83},[65,105779,17637],{"class":79},[65,105781,1339],{"class":79},[65,105783,111],{"class":83},[65,105785,87],{"class":79},[65,105787,116],{"class":83},[65,105789,13280],{"class":79},[1286,105791,8030,105793,105795],{"id":105792},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105794,3363],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105797,105798],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1286,105800,36784,105802,8282,105804,214,105806],{"id":105801},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105803,3363],{},[15,105805,24356],{},[15,105807,8698],{},[20,105809,105810],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[51,105812,60295],{"id":60294},[20,105814,10688],{},[56,105816,105818],{"className":58,"code":105817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105819,105820,105835,105845,105859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105821,105822,105824,105826,105828,105830,105833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105823,164],{"class":163},[65,105825,151],{"class":79},[65,105827,1260],{"class":1259},[65,105829,151],{"class":79},[65,105831,105832],{"class":147},"my_value",[65,105834,1028],{"class":79},[65,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,105838,164],{"class":163},[65,105840,151],{"class":79},[65,105842,105832],{"class":147},[65,105844,157],{"class":79},[65,105846,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,105848,164],{"class":163},[65,105850,151],{"class":79},[65,105852,7669],{"class":1259},[65,105854,151],{"class":79},[65,105856,15241],{"class":147},[65,105858,1028],{"class":79},[65,105860,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105862,164],{"class":163},[65,105864,151],{"class":79},[65,105866,10737],{"class":163},[65,105868,151],{"class":79},[65,105870,15241],{"class":147},[65,105872,1028],{"class":79},[20,105874,105875],{},"What they help you see:",[33,105877,105878,105884,105889,105895],{},[36,105879,105880,105883],{},[15,105881,105882],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,105885,105886,90130],{},[15,105887,105888],{},"print(my_value)",[36,105890,105891,105894],{},[15,105892,105893],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,105896,105897,105900],{},[15,105898,105899],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[51,105902,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,105904,105906],{"id":105905},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105908,105909],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1286,105911,105913],{"id":105912},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105915,1660,105916,105918,105919,105921],{},[15,105917,3363],{},". Do not use ",[15,105920,3358],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1286,105923,105925],{"id":105924},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105927,105928],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1286,105930,105932],{"id":105931},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105934,105935],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105937,267],{},[56,105939,105941],{"className":58,"code":105940,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105942,105943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105944,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105946,164],{"class":163},[65,105948,151],{"class":79},[65,105950,1401],{"class":1259},[65,105952,151],{"class":79},[65,105954,488],{"class":487},[65,105956,3648],{"class":491},[65,105958,488],{"class":487},[65,105960,1028],{"class":79},[20,105962,1046],{},[56,105964,105966],{"className":58,"code":105965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105967,105968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105969,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105971,360],{"class":79},[65,105973,594],{"class":487},[65,105975,210],{"class":491},[65,105977,594],{"class":487},[65,105979,87],{"class":79},[65,105981,603],{"class":487},[65,105983,20],{"class":491},[65,105985,594],{"class":487},[65,105987,87],{"class":79},[65,105989,603],{"class":487},[65,105991,60041],{"class":491},[65,105993,594],{"class":487},[65,105995,87],{"class":79},[65,105997,603],{"class":487},[65,105999,60032],{"class":491},[65,106001,594],{"class":487},[65,106003,98],{"class":79},[1286,106005,4727,106007,106010],{"id":106006},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106008,106009],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106012,106013,28260,106015,106018],{},[15,106014,3363],{},[43,106016,106017],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106020,106021],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[56,106023,106025],{"className":58,"code":106024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106026,106027],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106030,164],{"class":163},[65,106032,151],{"class":79},[65,106034,1401],{"class":1259},[65,106036,2552],{"class":79},[65,106038,84],{"class":83},[65,106040,87],{"class":79},[65,106042,90],{"class":83},[65,106044,87],{"class":79},[65,106046,95],{"class":83},[65,106048,87],{"class":79},[65,106050,116],{"class":83},[65,106052,2565],{"class":79},[51,106054,1455],{"id":1454},[33,106056,106057,106061,106065,106069,106073],{},[36,106058,106059],{},[210,106060,213],{"href":212},[36,106062,106063],{},[210,106064,104058],{"href":217},[36,106066,106067],{},[210,106068,1485],{"href":1189},[36,106070,106071],{},[210,106072,104616],{"href":64432},[36,106074,106075],{},[210,106076,105751],{"href":105750},[1499,106078,106079],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":106081},[106082,106083,106084,106085,106086,106092,106093,106094,106102,106112,106113,106121],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":104234,"depth":101,"text":104235},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":104619,"depth":101,"text":104620},{"id":104806,"depth":101,"text":104807,"children":106087},[106088,106089,106090,106091],{"id":104810,"depth":126,"text":104811},{"id":104911,"depth":126,"text":104912},{"id":104995,"depth":126,"text":104996},{"id":105087,"depth":126,"text":105088},{"id":105155,"depth":101,"text":105156},{"id":105369,"depth":101,"text":105370},{"id":105478,"depth":101,"text":105479,"children":106095},[106096,106098,106100],{"id":105485,"depth":126,"text":106097},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105538,"depth":126,"text":106099},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105603,"depth":126,"text":106101},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":106103},[106104,106105,106107,106108,106110],{"id":99453,"depth":126,"text":99959},{"id":105718,"depth":126,"text":106106},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105754,"depth":126,"text":105755},{"id":105792,"depth":126,"text":106109},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105801,"depth":126,"text":106111},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60294,"depth":101,"text":60295},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":106114},[106115,106116,106117,106118,106119],{"id":105905,"depth":126,"text":105906},{"id":105912,"depth":126,"text":105913},{"id":105924,"depth":126,"text":105925},{"id":105931,"depth":126,"text":105932},{"id":106006,"depth":126,"text":106120},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104116,"description":106122},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106129,"title":106130,"body":106131,"description":107640,"extension":1528,"meta":107641,"navigation":129,"path":107642,"seo":107643,"stem":107644,"__hash__":107645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106132,"toc":107616},[106133,106139,106144,106147,106230,106235,106240,106245,106247,106260,106264,106266,106285,106288,106311,106314,106325,106327,106408,106410,106427,106429,106435,106438,106533,106535,106566,106568,106576,106578,106581,106688,106690,106715,106717,106738,106743,106748,106754,106863,106865,106881,106884,106887,106970,106972,106989,106997,106999,107003,107009,107100,107102,107135,107140,107147,107224,107226,107243,107249,107251,107255,107271,107274,107299,107301,107362,107364,107487,107489,107540,107546,107548,107553,107555,107561,107564,107568,107571,107575,107578,107588,107590,107613],[10,106134,3143,106136,18],{"id":106135},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106137,106138],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106140,1545,106141,106143],{},[15,106142,106138],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106145,106146],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[56,106148,106150],{"className":58,"code":106149,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106151,106152,106172,106192,106196,106215,106225],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106153,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106155,72],{"class":71},[65,106157,76],{"class":75},[65,106159,80],{"class":79},[65,106161,84],{"class":83},[65,106163,87],{"class":79},[65,106165,90],{"class":83},[65,106167,87],{"class":79},[65,106169,95],{"class":83},[65,106171,98],{"class":79},[65,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106175,104],{"class":71},[65,106177,76],{"class":75},[65,106179,80],{"class":79},[65,106181,1624],{"class":83},[65,106183,87],{"class":79},[65,106185,95],{"class":83},[65,106187,87],{"class":79},[65,106189,116],{"class":83},[65,106191,98],{"class":79},[65,106193,106194],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106195,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106197,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106209,106211,106213],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106199,136],{"class":71},[65,106201,76],{"class":75},[65,106203,141],{"class":71},[65,106205,144],{"class":79},[65,106207,106208],{"class":147},"intersection",[65,106210,151],{"class":79},[65,106212,154],{"class":147},[65,106214,157],{"class":79},[65,106216,106217,106219,106221,106223],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,106218,164],{"class":163},[65,106220,151],{"class":79},[65,106222,169],{"class":147},[65,106224,157],{"class":79},[65,106226,106227],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,106228,106229],{"class":175},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106231,1660,106232,106234],{},[15,106233,102359],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[51,106236,12572,106238,12575],{"id":106237},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106239,102359],{},[20,106241,106242,106244],{},[15,106243,102359],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106246,12628],{},[33,106248,106249,106252,106254,106257],{},[36,106250,106251],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,106253,100134],{},[36,106255,106256],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,106258,106259],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106261,208,106262,144],{},[210,106263,213],{"href":212},[51,106265,222],{"id":221},[56,106267,106269],{"className":58,"code":106268,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106270,106271],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106272,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106274,232],{"class":71},[65,106276,144],{"class":79},[65,106278,106208],{"class":147},[65,106280,151],{"class":79},[65,106282,241],{"class":147},[65,106284,157],{"class":79},[20,106286,106287],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[56,106289,106291],{"className":58,"code":106290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106292,106293],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106294,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106296,232],{"class":71},[65,106298,144],{"class":79},[65,106300,106208],{"class":147},[65,106302,151],{"class":79},[65,106304,241],{"class":147},[65,106306,87],{"class":79},[65,106308,100192],{"class":147},[65,106310,157],{"class":79},[20,106312,106313],{},"Important notes:",[33,106315,106316,106319,106322],{},[36,106317,106318],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,106320,106321],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,106323,106324],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106326,267],{},[56,106328,106330],{"className":58,"code":106329,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106331,106332,106356,106376,106380,106398],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106333,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106335,72],{"class":71},[65,106337,76],{"class":75},[65,106339,80],{"class":79},[65,106341,84],{"class":83},[65,106343,87],{"class":79},[65,106345,90],{"class":83},[65,106347,87],{"class":79},[65,106349,95],{"class":83},[65,106351,87],{"class":79},[65,106353,116],{"class":83},[65,106355,98],{"class":79},[65,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106359,104],{"class":71},[65,106361,76],{"class":75},[65,106363,80],{"class":79},[65,106365,111],{"class":83},[65,106367,87],{"class":79},[65,106369,116],{"class":83},[65,106371,87],{"class":79},[65,106373,121],{"class":83},[65,106375,98],{"class":79},[65,106377,106378],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106379,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106383,136],{"class":71},[65,106385,76],{"class":75},[65,106387,141],{"class":71},[65,106389,144],{"class":79},[65,106391,106208],{"class":147},[65,106393,151],{"class":79},[65,106395,154],{"class":147},[65,106397,157],{"class":79},[65,106399,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,106401,164],{"class":163},[65,106403,151],{"class":79},[65,106405,169],{"class":147},[65,106407,157],{"class":79},[20,106409,350],{},[56,106411,106413],{"className":58,"code":106412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106414,106415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106416,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106418,360],{"class":79},[65,106420,111],{"class":83},[65,106422,87],{"class":79},[65,106424,116],{"class":83},[65,106426,98],{"class":79},[51,106428,16994],{"id":16993},[20,106430,106431,21550,106433,144],{},[15,106432,102359],{},[43,106434,1401],{},[20,106436,106437],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[56,106439,106441],{"className":58,"code":106440,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106442,106443,106463,106483,106487,106505,106509,106519],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106444,106445,106447,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106446,72],{"class":71},[65,106448,76],{"class":75},[65,106450,80],{"class":79},[65,106452,84],{"class":83},[65,106454,87],{"class":79},[65,106456,90],{"class":83},[65,106458,87],{"class":79},[65,106460,95],{"class":83},[65,106462,98],{"class":79},[65,106464,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106466,104],{"class":71},[65,106468,76],{"class":75},[65,106470,80],{"class":79},[65,106472,1624],{"class":83},[65,106474,87],{"class":79},[65,106476,95],{"class":83},[65,106478,87],{"class":79},[65,106480,116],{"class":83},[65,106482,98],{"class":79},[65,106484,106485],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106486,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106488,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106490,136],{"class":71},[65,106492,76],{"class":75},[65,106494,141],{"class":71},[65,106496,144],{"class":79},[65,106498,106208],{"class":147},[65,106500,151],{"class":79},[65,106502,154],{"class":147},[65,106504,157],{"class":79},[65,106506,106507],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,106508,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106510,106511,106513,106515,106517],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,106512,164],{"class":163},[65,106514,151],{"class":79},[65,106516,169],{"class":147},[65,106518,157],{"class":79},[65,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,106522,164],{"class":163},[65,106524,151],{"class":79},[65,106526,1260],{"class":1259},[65,106528,151],{"class":79},[65,106530,169],{"class":147},[65,106532,1028],{"class":79},[20,106534,350],{},[56,106536,106538],{"className":58,"code":106537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106539,106540,106552],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106541,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106543,360],{"class":79},[65,106545,1624],{"class":83},[65,106547,87],{"class":79},[65,106549,95],{"class":83},[65,106551,98],{"class":79},[65,106553,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106555,2857],{"class":75},[65,106557,2860],{"class":1632},[65,106559,603],{"class":487},[65,106561,1401],{"class":491},[65,106563,594],{"class":487},[65,106565,2869],{"class":75},[20,106567,85393],{},[33,106569,106570,106573],{},[36,106571,106572],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,106574,106575],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[51,106577,467],{"id":466},[20,106579,106580],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[56,106582,106584],{"className":58,"code":106583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106585,106586,106618,106650,106654,106673,106677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106587,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106589,480],{"class":71},[65,106591,76],{"class":75},[65,106593,80],{"class":79},[65,106595,488],{"class":487},[65,106597,492],{"class":491},[65,106599,488],{"class":487},[65,106601,87],{"class":79},[65,106603,499],{"class":487},[65,106605,502],{"class":491},[65,106607,488],{"class":487},[65,106609,87],{"class":79},[65,106611,499],{"class":487},[65,106613,511],{"class":491},[65,106615,488],{"class":487},[65,106617,98],{"class":79},[65,106619,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106621,520],{"class":71},[65,106623,76],{"class":75},[65,106625,80],{"class":79},[65,106627,488],{"class":487},[65,106629,511],{"class":491},[65,106631,488],{"class":487},[65,106633,87],{"class":79},[65,106635,499],{"class":487},[65,106637,537],{"class":491},[65,106639,488],{"class":487},[65,106641,87],{"class":79},[65,106643,499],{"class":487},[65,106645,502],{"class":491},[65,106647,488],{"class":487},[65,106649,98],{"class":79},[65,106651,106652],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106653,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106655,106656,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106657,106658],{"class":71},"common_colors ",[65,106660,76],{"class":75},[65,106662,554],{"class":71},[65,106664,144],{"class":79},[65,106666,106208],{"class":147},[65,106668,151],{"class":79},[65,106670,563],{"class":147},[65,106672,157],{"class":79},[65,106674,106675],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,106676,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106678,106679,106681,106683,106686],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,106680,164],{"class":163},[65,106682,151],{"class":79},[65,106684,106685],{"class":147},"common_colors",[65,106687,157],{"class":79},[20,106689,350],{},[56,106691,106693],{"className":58,"code":106692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106694,106695],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106696,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106698,360],{"class":79},[65,106700,594],{"class":487},[65,106702,502],{"class":491},[65,106704,594],{"class":487},[65,106706,87],{"class":79},[65,106708,603],{"class":487},[65,106710,511],{"class":491},[65,106712,594],{"class":487},[65,106714,98],{"class":79},[20,106716,11258],{},[33,106718,106719,106724,106728,106733],{},[36,106720,106721,106723],{},[15,106722,641],{}," contains three color names",[36,106725,106726,106723],{},[15,106727,563],{},[36,106729,106730,106732],{},[15,106731,102359],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,106734,106735,106736],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106737,106685],{},[51,106739,7994,106741,100729],{"id":106740},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106742,102359],{},[20,106744,106745,106746,144],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106747,102359],{},[20,106749,106750,106751,106753],{},"Only the values found in ",[43,106752,3281],{}," inputs will be kept.",[56,106755,106757],{"className":58,"code":106756,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106758,106759,106783,106807,106827,106831,106853],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106760,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106762,72],{"class":71},[65,106764,76],{"class":75},[65,106766,80],{"class":79},[65,106768,84],{"class":83},[65,106770,87],{"class":79},[65,106772,90],{"class":83},[65,106774,87],{"class":79},[65,106776,95],{"class":83},[65,106778,87],{"class":79},[65,106780,116],{"class":83},[65,106782,98],{"class":79},[65,106784,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106786,104],{"class":71},[65,106788,76],{"class":75},[65,106790,80],{"class":79},[65,106792,1624],{"class":83},[65,106794,87],{"class":79},[65,106796,95],{"class":83},[65,106798,87],{"class":79},[65,106800,116],{"class":83},[65,106802,87],{"class":79},[65,106804,121],{"class":83},[65,106806,98],{"class":79},[65,106808,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106810,82767],{"class":71},[65,106812,76],{"class":75},[65,106814,80],{"class":79},[65,106816,111],{"class":83},[65,106818,87],{"class":79},[65,106820,116],{"class":83},[65,106822,87],{"class":79},[65,106824,37224],{"class":83},[65,106826,98],{"class":79},[65,106828,106829],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106830,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106832,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,106834,136],{"class":71},[65,106836,76],{"class":75},[65,106838,141],{"class":71},[65,106840,144],{"class":79},[65,106842,106208],{"class":147},[65,106844,151],{"class":79},[65,106846,154],{"class":147},[65,106848,87],{"class":79},[65,106850,9259],{"class":147},[65,106852,157],{"class":79},[65,106854,106855,106857,106859,106861],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,106856,164],{"class":163},[65,106858,151],{"class":79},[65,106860,169],{"class":147},[65,106862,157],{"class":79},[20,106864,350],{},[56,106866,106867],{"className":58,"code":106412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,106868,106869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106870,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106872,360],{"class":79},[65,106874,111],{"class":83},[65,106876,87],{"class":79},[65,106878,116],{"class":83},[65,106880,98],{"class":79},[20,106882,106883],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106885,106886],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[56,106888,106890],{"className":58,"code":106889,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106891,106892,106916,106920,106960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106893,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106895,72],{"class":71},[65,106897,76],{"class":75},[65,106899,80],{"class":79},[65,106901,84],{"class":83},[65,106903,87],{"class":79},[65,106905,90],{"class":83},[65,106907,87],{"class":79},[65,106909,95],{"class":83},[65,106911,87],{"class":79},[65,106913,116],{"class":83},[65,106915,98],{"class":79},[65,106917,106918],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,106919,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,106921,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,106923,136],{"class":71},[65,106925,76],{"class":75},[65,106927,141],{"class":71},[65,106929,144],{"class":79},[65,106931,106208],{"class":147},[65,106933,2552],{"class":79},[65,106935,1624],{"class":83},[65,106937,87],{"class":79},[65,106939,116],{"class":83},[65,106941,87],{"class":79},[65,106943,37224],{"class":83},[65,106945,17637],{"class":79},[65,106947,8815],{"class":79},[65,106949,84],{"class":83},[65,106951,87],{"class":79},[65,106953,90],{"class":83},[65,106955,87],{"class":79},[65,106957,116],{"class":83},[65,106959,1028],{"class":79},[65,106961,106962,106964,106966,106968],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106963,164],{"class":163},[65,106965,151],{"class":79},[65,106967,169],{"class":147},[65,106969,157],{"class":79},[20,106971,350],{},[56,106973,106975],{"className":58,"code":106974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106976,106977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106980,360],{"class":79},[65,106982,1624],{"class":83},[65,106984,87],{"class":79},[65,106986,116],{"class":83},[65,106988,98],{"class":79},[51,106990,106992,657,106994],{"id":106991},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106993,102359],{},[15,106995,106996],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106998,100899],{},[1286,107000,107001],{"id":106208},[15,107002,102359],{},[33,107004,107005,107007],{},[36,107006,100908],{},[36,107008,100911],{},[56,107010,107012],{"className":58,"code":107011,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107013,107014,107034,107054,107058,107076,107080,107090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107015,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107017,72],{"class":71},[65,107019,76],{"class":75},[65,107021,80],{"class":79},[65,107023,84],{"class":83},[65,107025,87],{"class":79},[65,107027,90],{"class":83},[65,107029,87],{"class":79},[65,107031,95],{"class":83},[65,107033,98],{"class":79},[65,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107037,104],{"class":71},[65,107039,76],{"class":75},[65,107041,80],{"class":79},[65,107043,1624],{"class":83},[65,107045,87],{"class":79},[65,107047,95],{"class":83},[65,107049,87],{"class":79},[65,107051,116],{"class":83},[65,107053,98],{"class":79},[65,107055,107056],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107057,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107061,136],{"class":71},[65,107063,76],{"class":75},[65,107065,141],{"class":71},[65,107067,144],{"class":79},[65,107069,106208],{"class":147},[65,107071,151],{"class":79},[65,107073,154],{"class":147},[65,107075,157],{"class":79},[65,107077,107078],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,107079,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107081,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,107083,164],{"class":163},[65,107085,151],{"class":79},[65,107087,210],{"class":147},[65,107089,157],{"class":79},[65,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,107093,164],{"class":163},[65,107095,151],{"class":79},[65,107097,169],{"class":147},[65,107099,157],{"class":79},[20,107101,350],{},[56,107103,107105],{"className":58,"code":107104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107106,107107,107123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107108,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107110,360],{"class":79},[65,107112,84],{"class":83},[65,107114,87],{"class":79},[65,107116,90],{"class":83},[65,107118,87],{"class":79},[65,107120,95],{"class":83},[65,107122,98],{"class":79},[65,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107126,360],{"class":79},[65,107128,1624],{"class":83},[65,107130,87],{"class":79},[65,107132,95],{"class":83},[65,107134,98],{"class":79},[1286,107136,107138],{"id":107137},"intersection_update",[15,107139,106996],{},[33,107141,107142,107144],{},[36,107143,101051],{},[36,107145,107146],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[56,107148,107150],{"className":58,"code":107149,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107151,107152,107172,107192,107196,107210,107214],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107153,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107155,72],{"class":71},[65,107157,76],{"class":75},[65,107159,80],{"class":79},[65,107161,84],{"class":83},[65,107163,87],{"class":79},[65,107165,90],{"class":83},[65,107167,87],{"class":79},[65,107169,95],{"class":83},[65,107171,98],{"class":79},[65,107173,107174,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107175,104],{"class":71},[65,107177,76],{"class":75},[65,107179,80],{"class":79},[65,107181,1624],{"class":83},[65,107183,87],{"class":79},[65,107185,95],{"class":83},[65,107187,87],{"class":79},[65,107189,116],{"class":83},[65,107191,98],{"class":79},[65,107193,107194],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107195,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107197,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107199,210],{"class":71},[65,107201,144],{"class":79},[65,107203,107137],{"class":147},[65,107205,151],{"class":79},[65,107207,154],{"class":147},[65,107209,157],{"class":79},[65,107211,107212],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,107213,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107215,107216,107218,107220,107222],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,107217,164],{"class":163},[65,107219,151],{"class":79},[65,107221,210],{"class":147},[65,107223,157],{"class":79},[20,107225,350],{},[56,107227,107229],{"className":58,"code":107228,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107230,107231],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107232,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107234,360],{"class":79},[65,107236,1624],{"class":83},[65,107238,87],{"class":79},[65,107240,95],{"class":83},[65,107242,98],{"class":79},[20,107244,107245,107246,107248],{},"Choose ",[15,107247,102359],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[51,107250,1109],{"id":1108},[20,107252,14308,107253,191],{},[15,107254,102359],{},[33,107256,107257,107260,107263,107266],{},[36,107258,107259],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,107261,107262],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,107264,107265],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,107267,107268,107269],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107270,102359],{},[20,107272,107273],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,107275,107276,107281,107284,107296],{},[36,107277,7994,107278,107280],{},[15,107279,102359],{}," when order matters",[36,107282,107283],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,107285,36784,107286,8282,107288,214,107292],{},[15,107287,102359],{},[210,107289,107290],{"href":934},[15,107291,807],{},[210,107293,107294],{"href":791},[15,107295,660],{},[36,107297,107298],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107300,29710],{},[56,107302,107304],{"className":58,"code":107303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107305,107306,107316,107330,107348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107307,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107309,164],{"class":163},[65,107311,151],{"class":79},[65,107313,15241],{"class":147},[65,107315,157],{"class":79},[65,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107319,164],{"class":163},[65,107321,151],{"class":79},[65,107323,1260],{"class":1259},[65,107325,151],{"class":79},[65,107327,169],{"class":147},[65,107329,1028],{"class":79},[65,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107333,164],{"class":163},[65,107335,151],{"class":79},[65,107337,232],{"class":147},[65,107339,144],{"class":79},[65,107341,106208],{"class":147},[65,107343,151],{"class":79},[65,107345,241],{"class":147},[65,107347,1028],{"class":79},[65,107349,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107351,164],{"class":163},[65,107353,151],{"class":79},[65,107355,10737],{"class":163},[65,107357,151],{"class":79},[65,107359,169],{"class":147},[65,107361,1028],{"class":79},[20,107363,267],{},[56,107365,107367],{"className":58,"code":107366,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107368,107369,107393,107413,107417,107435,107439,107449,107459,107473],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107370,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107372,3185],{"class":71},[65,107374,76],{"class":75},[65,107376,80],{"class":79},[65,107378,84],{"class":83},[65,107380,87],{"class":79},[65,107382,90],{"class":83},[65,107384,87],{"class":79},[65,107386,90],{"class":83},[65,107388,87],{"class":79},[65,107390,95],{"class":83},[65,107392,98],{"class":79},[65,107394,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107396,43133],{"class":71},[65,107398,76],{"class":75},[65,107400,80],{"class":79},[65,107402,1624],{"class":83},[65,107404,87],{"class":79},[65,107406,95],{"class":83},[65,107408,87],{"class":79},[65,107410,116],{"class":83},[65,107412,98],{"class":79},[65,107414,107415],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107416,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107418,107419,107421,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107420,136],{"class":71},[65,107422,76],{"class":75},[65,107424,3833],{"class":71},[65,107426,144],{"class":79},[65,107428,106208],{"class":147},[65,107430,151],{"class":79},[65,107432,30318],{"class":147},[65,107434,157],{"class":79},[65,107436,107437],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,107438,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107440,107441,107443,107445,107447],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,107442,164],{"class":163},[65,107444,151],{"class":79},[65,107446,3215],{"class":147},[65,107448,157],{"class":79},[65,107450,107451,107453,107455,107457],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,107452,164],{"class":163},[65,107454,151],{"class":79},[65,107456,169],{"class":147},[65,107458,157],{"class":79},[65,107460,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,107462,164],{"class":163},[65,107464,151],{"class":79},[65,107466,1260],{"class":1259},[65,107468,151],{"class":79},[65,107470,169],{"class":147},[65,107472,1028],{"class":79},[65,107474,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,107476,164],{"class":163},[65,107478,151],{"class":79},[65,107480,10737],{"class":163},[65,107482,151],{"class":79},[65,107484,169],{"class":147},[65,107486,1028],{"class":79},[20,107488,350],{},[56,107490,107492],{"className":58,"code":107491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107493,107494,107510,107522,107536],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107495,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107497,360],{"class":79},[65,107499,84],{"class":83},[65,107501,87],{"class":79},[65,107503,90],{"class":83},[65,107505,87],{"class":79},[65,107507,95],{"class":83},[65,107509,98],{"class":79},[65,107511,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107513,360],{"class":79},[65,107515,1624],{"class":83},[65,107517,87],{"class":79},[65,107519,95],{"class":83},[65,107521,98],{"class":79},[65,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107525,2857],{"class":75},[65,107527,2860],{"class":1632},[65,107529,603],{"class":487},[65,107531,1401],{"class":491},[65,107533,594],{"class":487},[65,107535,2869],{"class":75},[65,107537,107538],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107539,16632],{"class":83},[20,107541,107542,107543,107545],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107544,1624],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[51,107547,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,107549,1289,107551,1292],{"id":107550},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107552,102359],{},[20,107554,1295],{},[1286,107556,4739,107558,107560],{"id":107557},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107559,102359],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107562,107563],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1286,107565,107567],{"id":107566},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107569,107570],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1286,107572,107574],{"id":107573},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107576,107577],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[56,107579,107580],{"className":58,"code":97035,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,107581,107582],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107583,107584,107586],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107585,1401],{"class":1259},[65,107587,8220],{"class":79},[51,107589,1455],{"id":1454},[33,107591,107592,107596,107603,107609],{},[36,107593,107594],{},[210,107595,213],{"href":212},[36,107597,107598],{},[210,107599,3143,107600,1474],{"href":934},[15,107601,107602],{},"set.union()",[36,107604,107605],{},[210,107606,3143,107607,1474],{"href":791},[15,107608,99992],{},[36,107610,107611],{},[210,107612,1485],{"href":1189},[1499,107614,107615],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":107617},[107618,107620,107621,107622,107623,107625,107630,107631,107639],{"id":106237,"depth":101,"text":107619},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":106740,"depth":101,"text":107624},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106991,"depth":101,"text":107626,"children":107627},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107628,107629],{"id":106208,"depth":126,"text":102359},{"id":107137,"depth":126,"text":106996},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":107632},[107633,107635,107637,107638],{"id":107550,"depth":126,"text":107634},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107557,"depth":126,"text":107636},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107566,"depth":126,"text":107567},{"id":107573,"depth":126,"text":107574},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106130,"description":107640},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107647,"title":107648,"body":107649,"description":108885,"extension":1528,"meta":108886,"navigation":129,"path":108887,"seo":108888,"stem":108889,"__hash__":108890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107650,"toc":108852},[107651,107656,107662,107671,107673,107748,107753,107768,107778,107783,107787,107800,107804,107806,107821,107823,107839,107841,107916,107920,107923,107925,107942,107947,108002,108007,108019,108023,108026,108127,108129,108170,108173,108177,108184,108186,108211,108214,108232,108239,108245,108248,108330,108337,108340,108420,108429,108432,108437,108441,108455,108504,108509,108513,108524,108573,108584,108589,108593,108605,108654,108665,108667,108671,108694,108696,108753,108755,108769,108771,108777,108783,108789,108798,108802,108809,108813,108821,108823,108849],[10,107652,13,107654,18],{"id":107653},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107655,12338],{},[20,107657,107658,107661],{},[15,107659,107660],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107663,107664,107665,107667,107668,107670],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[43,107666,45],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107669,12338],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[51,107672,1570],{"id":1569},[56,107674,107676],{"className":58,"code":107675,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107677,107678,107710,107724,107728,107738],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107679,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107681,7353],{"class":71},[65,107683,76],{"class":75},[65,107685,80],{"class":79},[65,107687,488],{"class":487},[65,107689,3648],{"class":491},[65,107691,488],{"class":487},[65,107693,87],{"class":79},[65,107695,499],{"class":487},[65,107697,3657],{"class":491},[65,107699,488],{"class":487},[65,107701,87],{"class":79},[65,107703,499],{"class":487},[65,107705,3666],{"class":491},[65,107707,488],{"class":487},[65,107709,98],{"class":79},[65,107711,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107713,69518],{"class":71},[65,107715,76],{"class":75},[65,107717,5535],{"class":71},[65,107719,144],{"class":79},[65,107721,25817],{"class":147},[65,107723,8220],{"class":79},[65,107725,107726],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107727,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107729,107730,107732,107734,107736],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107731,164],{"class":163},[65,107733,151],{"class":79},[65,107735,69541],{"class":147},[65,107737,157],{"class":79},[65,107739,107740,107742,107744,107746],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,107741,164],{"class":163},[65,107743,151],{"class":79},[65,107745,7384],{"class":147},[65,107747,157],{"class":79},[20,107749,107750],{},[43,107751,107752],{},"What this does:",[33,107754,107755,107760,107765],{},[36,107756,107757,107758],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107759,7384],{},[36,107761,107762,107763],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107764,69541],{},[36,107766,107767],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107769,107770,88544,107772,107774,107775,107777],{},[43,107771,83402],{},[15,107773,107660],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[43,107776,45],{}," chosen by index.",[51,107779,183,107781,186],{"id":107780},"what-setpop-does",[15,107782,107660],{},[20,107784,107785,191],{},[15,107786,107660],{},[33,107788,107789,107791,107794,107797],{},[36,107790,102608],{},[36,107792,107793],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,107795,107796],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,107798,107799],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107801,208,107802,144],{},[210,107803,213],{"href":97076},[51,107805,222],{"id":221},[56,107807,107809],{"className":58,"code":107808,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107810,107811],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107812,107813,107815,107817,107819],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107814,15241],{"class":71},[65,107816,144],{"class":79},[65,107818,25817],{"class":147},[65,107820,8220],{"class":79},[20,107822,12628],{},[33,107824,107825,107831,107836],{},[36,107826,107827,107828],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107829,107830],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,107832,107833,107834],{},"It takes ",[43,107835,28263],{},[36,107837,107838],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107840,267],{},[56,107842,107844],{"className":58,"code":107843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107845,107846,107878,107892,107896,107906],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107847,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107849,12652],{"class":71},[65,107851,76],{"class":75},[65,107853,80],{"class":79},[65,107855,488],{"class":487},[65,107857,492],{"class":491},[65,107859,488],{"class":487},[65,107861,87],{"class":79},[65,107863,499],{"class":487},[65,107865,502],{"class":491},[65,107867,488],{"class":487},[65,107869,87],{"class":79},[65,107871,499],{"class":487},[65,107873,511],{"class":491},[65,107875,488],{"class":487},[65,107877,98],{"class":79},[65,107879,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107881,28113],{"class":71},[65,107883,76],{"class":75},[65,107885,12698],{"class":71},[65,107887,144],{"class":79},[65,107889,25817],{"class":147},[65,107891,8220],{"class":79},[65,107893,107894],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,107895,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107899,164],{"class":163},[65,107901,151],{"class":79},[65,107903,22885],{"class":147},[65,107905,157],{"class":79},[65,107907,107908,107910,107912,107914],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,107909,164],{"class":163},[65,107911,151],{"class":79},[65,107913,17077],{"class":147},[65,107915,157],{"class":79},[51,107917,107919],{"id":107918},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107921,107922],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107924,1675],{},[33,107926,107927,107933,107936],{},[36,107928,107929,107930,107932],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107931,12338],{}," removes",[36,107934,107935],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,107937,107938,107939,107941],{},"You should not use ",[15,107940,12338],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107943,10038,107944,107946],{},[43,107945,45],{}," valid:",[56,107948,107950],{"className":58,"code":107949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107951,107952,107984],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107953,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107955,35819],{"class":71},[65,107957,76],{"class":75},[65,107959,80],{"class":79},[65,107961,488],{"class":487},[65,107963,3648],{"class":491},[65,107965,488],{"class":487},[65,107967,87],{"class":79},[65,107969,499],{"class":487},[65,107971,3657],{"class":491},[65,107973,488],{"class":487},[65,107975,87],{"class":79},[65,107977,499],{"class":487},[65,107979,3666],{"class":491},[65,107981,488],{"class":487},[65,107983,98],{"class":79},[65,107985,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,107987,35871],{"class":71},[65,107989,144],{"class":79},[65,107991,25817],{"class":147},[65,107993,151],{"class":79},[65,107995,488],{"class":487},[65,107997,3648],{"class":491},[65,107999,488],{"class":487},[65,108001,157],{"class":79},[20,108003,39235,108004,108006],{},[15,108005,107660],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108008,108009,108010,214,108014,144],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[210,108011,108012],{"href":97786},[15,108013,102434],{},[210,108015,108017],{"href":108016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108018,102425],{},[51,108020,108022],{"id":108021},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108024,108025],{},"Here is a simple example:",[56,108027,108029],{"className":58,"code":108028,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108030,108031,108065,108069,108085,108089,108108],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108032,108033,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108061,108063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108034,108035],{"class":71},"animals ",[65,108037,76],{"class":75},[65,108039,80],{"class":79},[65,108041,488],{"class":487},[65,108043,36627],{"class":491},[65,108045,488],{"class":487},[65,108047,87],{"class":79},[65,108049,499],{"class":487},[65,108051,57712],{"class":491},[65,108053,488],{"class":487},[65,108055,87],{"class":79},[65,108057,499],{"class":487},[65,108059,108060],{"class":491},"rabbit",[65,108062,488],{"class":487},[65,108064,98],{"class":79},[65,108066,108067],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108068,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,108070,108071,108074,108076,108079,108081,108083],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108072,108073],{"class":71},"removed_animal ",[65,108075,76],{"class":75},[65,108077,108078],{"class":71}," animals",[65,108080,144],{"class":79},[65,108082,25817],{"class":147},[65,108084,8220],{"class":79},[65,108086,108087],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108088,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,108090,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108106],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,108092,164],{"class":163},[65,108094,151],{"class":79},[65,108096,488],{"class":487},[65,108098,28531],{"class":491},[65,108100,488],{"class":487},[65,108102,87],{"class":79},[65,108104,108105],{"class":147}," removed_animal",[65,108107,157],{"class":79},[65,108109,108110,108112,108114,108116,108119,108121,108123,108125],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,108111,164],{"class":163},[65,108113,151],{"class":79},[65,108115,488],{"class":487},[65,108117,108118],{"class":491},"Updated set:",[65,108120,488],{"class":487},[65,108122,87],{"class":79},[65,108124,108078],{"class":147},[65,108126,157],{"class":79},[20,108128,1046],{},[56,108130,108132],{"className":58,"code":108131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108133,108134,108143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108135,108136,108138,108140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108137,28573],{"class":71},[65,108139,191],{"class":79},[65,108141,108142],{"class":71}," dog\n",[65,108144,108145,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108146,108147],{"class":71},"Updated ",[65,108149,1401],{"class":1259},[65,108151,191],{"class":79},[65,108153,80],{"class":79},[65,108155,594],{"class":487},[65,108157,36627],{"class":491},[65,108159,594],{"class":487},[65,108161,87],{"class":79},[65,108163,603],{"class":487},[65,108165,108060],{"class":491},[65,108167,594],{"class":487},[65,108169,98],{"class":79},[20,108171,108172],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[51,108174,108176],{"id":108175},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108178,29225,108179,108181,108182,144],{},[15,108180,12338],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108183,19262],{},[20,108185,267],{},[56,108187,108189],{"className":58,"code":108188,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108190,108191,108201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108192,108193,108195,108197,108199],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108194,7353],{"class":71},[65,108196,76],{"class":75},[65,108198,1386],{"class":1259},[65,108200,8220],{"class":79},[65,108202,108203,108205,108207,108209],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108204,7384],{"class":71},[65,108206,144],{"class":79},[65,108208,25817],{"class":147},[65,108210,8220],{"class":79},[20,108212,108213],{},"This raises:",[56,108215,108217],{"className":58,"code":108216,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108218,108219],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108220,108221,108223,108225,108227,108230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108222,19262],{"class":1259},[65,108224,191],{"class":79},[65,108226,603],{"class":487},[65,108228,108229],{"class":491},"pop from an empty set",[65,108231,29275],{"class":487},[20,108233,108234,108235,108238],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[210,108236,108237],{"href":10650},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1286,108240,108242,108243],{"id":108241},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108244,12338],{},[20,108246,108247],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[56,108249,108251],{"className":58,"code":108250,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108252,108253,108263,108267,108275,108290,108309,108315],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108254,108255,108257,108259,108261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108256,7353],{"class":71},[65,108258,76],{"class":75},[65,108260,1386],{"class":1259},[65,108262,8220],{"class":79},[65,108264,108265],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108266,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,108268,108269,108271,108273],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108270,6569],{"class":3444},[65,108272,5535],{"class":71},[65,108274,5963],{"class":79},[65,108276,108277,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108278,108279],{"class":71},"    removed ",[65,108281,76],{"class":75},[65,108283,5535],{"class":71},[65,108285,144],{"class":79},[65,108287,25817],{"class":147},[65,108289,8220],{"class":79},[65,108291,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302,108304,108307],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,108293,7644],{"class":163},[65,108295,151],{"class":79},[65,108297,488],{"class":487},[65,108299,28531],{"class":491},[65,108301,488],{"class":487},[65,108303,87],{"class":79},[65,108305,108306],{"class":147}," removed",[65,108308,157],{"class":79},[65,108310,108311,108313],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,108312,27009],{"class":3444},[65,108314,5963],{"class":79},[65,108316,108317,108319,108321,108323,108326,108328],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,108318,7644],{"class":163},[65,108320,151],{"class":79},[65,108322,488],{"class":487},[65,108324,108325],{"class":491},"The set is empty.",[65,108327,488],{"class":487},[65,108329,157],{"class":79},[1286,108331,1660,108333,634,108335],{"id":108332},"use-try-and-except",[15,108334,29379],{},[15,108336,29410],{},[20,108338,108339],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[56,108341,108343],{"className":58,"code":108342,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108344,108345,108355,108359,108365,108379,108397,108405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108346,108347,108349,108351,108353],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108348,7353],{"class":71},[65,108350,76],{"class":75},[65,108352,1386],{"class":1259},[65,108354,8220],{"class":79},[65,108356,108357],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108358,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,108360,108361,108363],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108362,29379],{"class":3444},[65,108364,5963],{"class":79},[65,108366,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108368,108279],{"class":71},[65,108370,76],{"class":75},[65,108372,5535],{"class":71},[65,108374,144],{"class":79},[65,108376,25817],{"class":147},[65,108378,8220],{"class":79},[65,108380,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,108382,7644],{"class":163},[65,108384,151],{"class":79},[65,108386,488],{"class":487},[65,108388,28531],{"class":491},[65,108390,488],{"class":487},[65,108392,87],{"class":79},[65,108394,108306],{"class":147},[65,108396,157],{"class":79},[65,108398,108399,108401,108403],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,108400,29410],{"class":3444},[65,108402,29413],{"class":1259},[65,108404,5963],{"class":79},[65,108406,108407,108409,108411,108413,108416,108418],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,108408,7644],{"class":163},[65,108410,151],{"class":79},[65,108412,488],{"class":487},[65,108414,108415],{"class":491},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[65,108417,488],{"class":487},[65,108419,157],{"class":79},[51,108421,4529,108423,657,108425,657,108427],{"id":108422},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108424,12338],{},[15,108426,55115],{},[15,108428,102420],{},[20,108430,108431],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1286,108433,1660,108435],{"id":108434},"use-pop",[15,108436,12338],{},[20,108438,1660,108439,10177],{},[15,108440,12338],{},[33,108442,108443,108449,108452],{},[36,108444,108445,108446],{},"You want to remove ",[43,108447,108448],{},"any one item",[36,108450,108451],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,108453,108454],{},"You want the removed item returned",[56,108456,108458],{"className":58,"code":108457,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108459,108460,108480,108494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108461,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108463,3185],{"class":71},[65,108465,76],{"class":75},[65,108467,80],{"class":79},[65,108469,84],{"class":83},[65,108471,87],{"class":79},[65,108473,90],{"class":83},[65,108475,87],{"class":79},[65,108477,95],{"class":83},[65,108479,98],{"class":79},[65,108481,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108483,2015],{"class":71},[65,108485,76],{"class":75},[65,108487,3833],{"class":71},[65,108489,144],{"class":79},[65,108491,25817],{"class":147},[65,108493,8220],{"class":79},[65,108495,108496,108498,108500,108502],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108497,164],{"class":163},[65,108499,151],{"class":79},[65,108501,2040],{"class":147},[65,108503,157],{"class":79},[1286,108505,1660,108507],{"id":108506},"use-remove",[15,108508,55115],{},[20,108510,1660,108511,10177],{},[15,108512,55115],{},[33,108514,108515,108521],{},[36,108516,108517,108518],{},"You want to delete a ",[43,108519,108520],{},"specific item",[36,108522,108523],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[56,108525,108527],{"className":58,"code":108526,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108528,108529,108549,108563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108530,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108532,3185],{"class":71},[65,108534,76],{"class":75},[65,108536,80],{"class":79},[65,108538,84],{"class":83},[65,108540,87],{"class":79},[65,108542,90],{"class":83},[65,108544,87],{"class":79},[65,108546,95],{"class":83},[65,108548,98],{"class":79},[65,108550,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108552,3215],{"class":71},[65,108554,144],{"class":79},[65,108556,34372],{"class":147},[65,108558,151],{"class":79},[65,108560,1624],{"class":83},[65,108562,157],{"class":79},[65,108564,108565,108567,108569,108571],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108566,164],{"class":163},[65,108568,151],{"class":79},[65,108570,3215],{"class":147},[65,108572,157],{"class":79},[20,108574,108575,108576,108578,108579,108583],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108577,55115],{}," raises an error. See the ",[210,108580,108581,1474],{"href":97786},[15,108582,102434],{}," for details.",[1286,108585,1660,108587],{"id":108586},"use-discard",[15,108588,102420],{},[20,108590,1660,108591,10177],{},[15,108592,102420],{},[33,108594,108595,108599],{},[36,108596,108517,108597],{},[43,108598,108520],{},[36,108600,108601,108602,108604],{},"You do ",[43,108603,45],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[56,108606,108608],{"className":58,"code":108607,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108609,108610,108630,108644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108611,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622,108624,108626,108628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108613,3185],{"class":71},[65,108615,76],{"class":75},[65,108617,80],{"class":79},[65,108619,84],{"class":83},[65,108621,87],{"class":79},[65,108623,90],{"class":83},[65,108625,87],{"class":79},[65,108627,95],{"class":83},[65,108629,98],{"class":79},[65,108631,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108633,3215],{"class":71},[65,108635,144],{"class":79},[65,108637,102487],{"class":147},[65,108639,151],{"class":79},[65,108641,1705],{"class":83},[65,108643,157],{"class":79},[65,108645,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108647,164],{"class":163},[65,108649,151],{"class":79},[65,108651,3215],{"class":147},[65,108653,157],{"class":79},[20,108655,108656,108657,108659,108660,108664],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108658,1705],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[210,108661,108662,1474],{"href":108016},[15,108663,102425],{}," for more examples.",[51,108666,2396],{"id":2395},[20,108668,71064,108669,191],{},[15,108670,107660],{},[33,108672,108673,108679,108684,108689],{},[36,108674,108675,108676],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108677,108678],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,108680,8030,108681,108683],{},[15,108682,12338],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,108685,29225,108686,108688],{},[15,108687,12338],{}," on an empty set",[36,108690,7994,108691,108693],{},[15,108692,12338],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108695,1193],{},[56,108697,108699],{"className":58,"code":108698,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108700,108701,108711,108725,108739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108702,108703,108705,108707,108709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108704,164],{"class":163},[65,108706,151],{"class":79},[65,108708,15241],{"class":147},[65,108710,157],{"class":79},[65,108712,108713,108715,108717,108719,108721,108723],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108714,164],{"class":163},[65,108716,151],{"class":79},[65,108718,10737],{"class":163},[65,108720,151],{"class":79},[65,108722,15241],{"class":147},[65,108724,1028],{"class":79},[65,108726,108727,108729,108731,108733,108735,108737],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108728,164],{"class":163},[65,108730,151],{"class":79},[65,108732,1260],{"class":1259},[65,108734,151],{"class":79},[65,108736,15241],{"class":147},[65,108738,1028],{"class":79},[65,108740,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108742,28113],{"class":71},[65,108744,76],{"class":75},[65,108746,96501],{"class":71},[65,108748,144],{"class":79},[65,108750,25817],{"class":147},[65,108752,8220],{"class":79},[20,108754,25584],{},[33,108756,108757,108760,108763,108766],{},[36,108758,108759],{},"What values are in the set",[36,108761,108762],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,108764,108765],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,108767,108768],{},"What value was actually removed",[51,108770,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,108772,1289,108774,108776],{"id":108773},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108775,107660],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108778,108779,108780,108782],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108781,12338],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1286,108784,108786,108787,1304],{"id":108785},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108788,107660],{},[20,108790,108791,108792,108794,108795,108797],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108793,12338],{},", set ",[15,108796,12338],{}," does not accept an index.",[1286,108799,108801],{"id":108800},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108803,71233,108804,1169,108806,108808],{},[15,108805,19262],{},[15,108807,12338],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1286,108810,108812],{"id":108811},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108814,1660,108815,214,108817,10667,108819,144],{},[15,108816,55115],{},[15,108818,102420],{},[15,108820,12338],{},[51,108822,1455],{"id":1454},[33,108824,108825,108829,108835,108841,108845],{},[36,108826,108827],{},[210,108828,213],{"href":97076},[36,108830,108831],{},[210,108832,1471,108833,1474],{"href":97786},[15,108834,55115],{},[36,108836,108837],{},[210,108838,1471,108839,1474],{"href":108016},[15,108840,102420],{},[36,108842,108843],{},[210,108844,10838],{"href":10650},[36,108846,108847],{},[210,108848,55101],{"href":54653},[1499,108850,108851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":108853},[108854,108855,108857,108858,108859,108860,108866,108875,108876,108884],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":107780,"depth":101,"text":108856},"What set.pop() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":107918,"depth":101,"text":107919},{"id":108021,"depth":101,"text":108022},{"id":108175,"depth":101,"text":108176,"children":108861},[108862,108864],{"id":108241,"depth":126,"text":108863},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108332,"depth":126,"text":108865},"Use try and except",{"id":108422,"depth":101,"text":108867,"children":108868},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108869,108871,108873],{"id":108434,"depth":126,"text":108870},"Use pop()",{"id":108506,"depth":126,"text":108872},"Use remove()",{"id":108586,"depth":126,"text":108874},"Use discard()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":108877},[108878,108880,108882,108883],{"id":108773,"depth":126,"text":108879},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108785,"depth":126,"text":108881},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108800,"depth":126,"text":108801},{"id":108811,"depth":126,"text":108812},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107648,"description":108885},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108892,"title":108893,"body":108894,"description":110047,"extension":1528,"meta":110048,"navigation":129,"path":110049,"seo":110050,"stem":110051,"__hash__":110052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108895,"toc":110015},[108896,108901,108906,108915,108917,108982,108986,109010,109017,109022,109026,109041,109044,109046,109065,109079,109082,109130,109134,109150,109152,109225,109229,109254,109260,109268,109272,109279,109334,109339,109356,109361,109367,109372,109380,109387,109391,109399,109454,109456,109473,109477,109484,109549,109553,109586,109588,109600,109607,109609,109614,109621,109623,109692,109696,109704,109706,109770,109774,109779,109826,109831,109899,109907,109914,109917,109923,109928,109932,109934,109937,109939,109944,109949,109955,109960,109967,109975,109981,109984,109986,110012],[10,108897,13,108899,18],{"id":108898},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108900,55115],{},[20,108902,108903,108905],{},[15,108904,102434],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108907,108908,108909,108912,108913,144],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[43,108910,108911],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108914,19262],{},[51,108916,1570],{"id":1569},[56,108918,108920],{"className":58,"code":108919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108921,108922,108954,108972],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108923,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938,108940,108942,108944,108946,108948,108950,108952],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108925,12652],{"class":71},[65,108927,76],{"class":75},[65,108929,80],{"class":79},[65,108931,488],{"class":487},[65,108933,492],{"class":491},[65,108935,488],{"class":487},[65,108937,87],{"class":79},[65,108939,499],{"class":487},[65,108941,502],{"class":491},[65,108943,488],{"class":487},[65,108945,87],{"class":79},[65,108947,499],{"class":487},[65,108949,511],{"class":491},[65,108951,488],{"class":487},[65,108953,98],{"class":79},[65,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,108957,17077],{"class":71},[65,108959,144],{"class":79},[65,108961,34372],{"class":147},[65,108963,151],{"class":79},[65,108965,488],{"class":487},[65,108967,502],{"class":491},[65,108969,488],{"class":487},[65,108971,157],{"class":79},[65,108973,108974,108976,108978,108980],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,108975,164],{"class":163},[65,108977,151],{"class":79},[65,108979,17077],{"class":147},[65,108981,157],{"class":79},[20,108983,108984],{},[43,108985,1046],{},[56,108987,108988],{"className":58,"code":103114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,108989,108990],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108991,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108993,360],{"class":79},[65,108995,594],{"class":487},[65,108997,492],{"class":491},[65,108999,594],{"class":487},[65,109001,87],{"class":79},[65,109003,603],{"class":487},[65,109005,511],{"class":491},[65,109007,594],{"class":487},[65,109009,98],{"class":79},[20,109011,1660,109012,109014,109015,144],{},[15,109013,55115],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109016,19262],{},[51,109018,183,109020,186],{"id":109019},"what-setremove-does",[15,109021,102434],{},[20,109023,109024,191],{},[15,109025,102434],{},[33,109027,109028,109031,109033,109035],{},[36,109029,109030],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,109032,95898],{},[36,109034,95901],{},[36,109036,109037,109038,109040],{},"Raises ",[15,109039,19262],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109042,109043],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[51,109045,222],{"id":221},[56,109047,109049],{"className":58,"code":109048,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109050,109051],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109052,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061,109063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109054,15241],{"class":71},[65,109056,144],{"class":79},[65,109058,34372],{"class":147},[65,109060,151],{"class":79},[65,109062,2040],{"class":147},[65,109064,157],{"class":79},[33,109066,109067,109071,109076],{},[36,109068,109069,102656],{},[15,109070,15241],{},[36,109072,109073,109075],{},[15,109074,2040],{}," is the item to remove",[36,109077,109078],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109080,109081],{},"Here is a small example:",[56,109083,109084],{"className":58,"code":108526,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109085,109086,109106,109120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109087,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109089,3185],{"class":71},[65,109091,76],{"class":75},[65,109093,80],{"class":79},[65,109095,84],{"class":83},[65,109097,87],{"class":79},[65,109099,90],{"class":83},[65,109101,87],{"class":79},[65,109103,95],{"class":83},[65,109105,98],{"class":79},[65,109107,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109109,3215],{"class":71},[65,109111,144],{"class":79},[65,109113,34372],{"class":147},[65,109115,151],{"class":79},[65,109117,1624],{"class":83},[65,109119,157],{"class":79},[65,109121,109122,109124,109126,109128],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109123,164],{"class":163},[65,109125,151],{"class":79},[65,109127,3215],{"class":147},[65,109129,157],{"class":79},[20,109131,109132],{},[43,109133,1046],{},[56,109135,109136],{"className":58,"code":100869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109137,109138],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109139,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109141,360],{"class":79},[65,109143,84],{"class":83},[65,109145,87],{"class":79},[65,109147,95],{"class":83},[65,109149,98],{"class":79},[51,109151,467],{"id":466},[56,109153,109155],{"className":58,"code":109154,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109156,109157,109189,109193,109211,109215],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109158,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181,109183,109185,109187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109160,35819],{"class":71},[65,109162,76],{"class":75},[65,109164,80],{"class":79},[65,109166,488],{"class":487},[65,109168,3648],{"class":491},[65,109170,488],{"class":487},[65,109172,87],{"class":79},[65,109174,499],{"class":487},[65,109176,3657],{"class":491},[65,109178,488],{"class":487},[65,109180,87],{"class":79},[65,109182,499],{"class":487},[65,109184,32797],{"class":491},[65,109186,488],{"class":487},[65,109188,98],{"class":79},[65,109190,109191],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109192,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,109194,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207,109209],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109196,35871],{"class":71},[65,109198,144],{"class":79},[65,109200,34372],{"class":147},[65,109202,151],{"class":79},[65,109204,488],{"class":487},[65,109206,3657],{"class":491},[65,109208,488],{"class":487},[65,109210,157],{"class":79},[65,109212,109213],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109214,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,109216,109217,109219,109221,109223],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,109218,164],{"class":163},[65,109220,151],{"class":79},[65,109222,35871],{"class":147},[65,109224,157],{"class":79},[20,109226,109227],{},[43,109228,1046],{},[56,109230,109232],{"className":58,"code":109231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109233,109234],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109235,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109237,360],{"class":79},[65,109239,594],{"class":487},[65,109241,3648],{"class":491},[65,109243,594],{"class":487},[65,109245,87],{"class":79},[65,109247,603],{"class":487},[65,109249,32797],{"class":491},[65,109251,594],{"class":487},[65,109253,98],{"class":79},[20,109255,109256,109257,109259],{},"This removes ",[15,109258,64859],{}," from the set.",[20,109261,109262,109263,109265,109266,144],{},"A set does ",[43,109264,45],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[210,109267,95911],{"href":97460},[51,109269,109271],{"id":109270},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109273,109274,109275,52080,109277,144],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109276,55115],{},[15,109278,19262],{},[56,109280,109282],{"className":58,"code":109281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109283,109284,109316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109285,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109287,12652],{"class":71},[65,109289,76],{"class":75},[65,109291,80],{"class":79},[65,109293,488],{"class":487},[65,109295,492],{"class":491},[65,109297,488],{"class":487},[65,109299,87],{"class":79},[65,109301,499],{"class":487},[65,109303,502],{"class":491},[65,109305,488],{"class":487},[65,109307,87],{"class":79},[65,109309,499],{"class":487},[65,109311,511],{"class":491},[65,109313,488],{"class":487},[65,109315,98],{"class":79},[65,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109319,17077],{"class":71},[65,109321,144],{"class":79},[65,109323,34372],{"class":147},[65,109325,151],{"class":79},[65,109327,488],{"class":487},[65,109329,537],{"class":491},[65,109331,488],{"class":487},[65,109333,157],{"class":79},[20,109335,109336],{},[43,109337,109338],{},"Result:",[56,109340,109342],{"className":58,"code":109341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109343,109344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109345,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109347,19262],{"class":1259},[65,109349,191],{"class":79},[65,109351,603],{"class":487},[65,109353,537],{"class":491},[65,109355,29275],{"class":487},[20,109357,21764,109358,109360],{},[15,109359,647],{}," is not in the set.",[20,109362,109363,109364,109366],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109365,55115],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109368,109369,109370,144],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[210,109371,10838],{"href":10650},[51,109373,3768,109375,109377,109378],{"id":109374},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109376,55115],{}," is different from ",[15,109379,102420],{},[20,109381,109382,634,109384,109386],{},[15,109383,55115],{},[15,109385,102420],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1286,109388,109389],{"id":34372},[15,109390,55115],{},[33,109392,109393,109396],{},[36,109394,109395],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,109397,109398],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[56,109400,109402],{"className":58,"code":109401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109403,109404,109436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109405,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109407,35670],{"class":71},[65,109409,76],{"class":75},[65,109411,80],{"class":79},[65,109413,488],{"class":487},[65,109415,210],{"class":491},[65,109417,488],{"class":487},[65,109419,87],{"class":79},[65,109421,499],{"class":487},[65,109423,154],{"class":491},[65,109425,488],{"class":487},[65,109427,87],{"class":79},[65,109429,499],{"class":487},[65,109431,9317],{"class":491},[65,109433,488],{"class":487},[65,109435,98],{"class":79},[65,109437,109438,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109439,35723],{"class":71},[65,109441,144],{"class":79},[65,109443,34372],{"class":147},[65,109445,151],{"class":79},[65,109447,488],{"class":487},[65,109449,18342],{"class":491},[65,109451,488],{"class":487},[65,109453,157],{"class":79},[20,109455,108213],{},[56,109457,109459],{"className":58,"code":109458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109460,109461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109462,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109464,19262],{"class":1259},[65,109466,191],{"class":79},[65,109468,603],{"class":487},[65,109470,18342],{"class":491},[65,109472,29275],{"class":487},[1286,109474,109475],{"id":102487},[15,109476,102420],{},[33,109478,109479,109481],{},[36,109480,109395],{},[36,109482,109483],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[56,109485,109487],{"className":58,"code":109486,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109488,109489,109521,109539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109492,35670],{"class":71},[65,109494,76],{"class":75},[65,109496,80],{"class":79},[65,109498,488],{"class":487},[65,109500,210],{"class":491},[65,109502,488],{"class":487},[65,109504,87],{"class":79},[65,109506,499],{"class":487},[65,109508,154],{"class":491},[65,109510,488],{"class":487},[65,109512,87],{"class":79},[65,109514,499],{"class":487},[65,109516,9317],{"class":491},[65,109518,488],{"class":487},[65,109520,98],{"class":79},[65,109522,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109524,35723],{"class":71},[65,109526,144],{"class":79},[65,109528,102487],{"class":147},[65,109530,151],{"class":79},[65,109532,488],{"class":487},[65,109534,18342],{"class":491},[65,109536,488],{"class":487},[65,109538,157],{"class":79},[65,109540,109541,109543,109545,109547],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109542,164],{"class":163},[65,109544,151],{"class":79},[65,109546,35723],{"class":147},[65,109548,157],{"class":79},[20,109550,109551],{},[43,109552,350],{},[56,109554,109556],{"className":58,"code":109555,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109557,109558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109559,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109561,360],{"class":79},[65,109563,594],{"class":487},[65,109565,210],{"class":491},[65,109567,594],{"class":487},[65,109569,87],{"class":79},[65,109571,603],{"class":487},[65,109573,154],{"class":491},[65,109575,594],{"class":487},[65,109577,87],{"class":79},[65,109579,603],{"class":487},[65,109581,9317],{"class":491},[65,109583,594],{"class":487},[65,109585,98],{"class":79},[20,109587,784],{},[33,109589,109590,109595],{},[36,109591,109592,109594],{},[15,109593,55115],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,109596,109597,109599],{},[15,109598,102420],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109601,109602,109603,144],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[210,109604,1471,109605,1474],{"href":108016},[15,109606,102420],{},[51,109608,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,109610,8030,109612,96771],{"id":109611},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109613,55115],{},[20,109615,109616,109618,109619,144],{},[15,109617,55115],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109620,3344],{},[20,109622,16219],{},[56,109624,109626],{"className":58,"code":109625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109627,109628,109660,109682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109629,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109631,12652],{"class":71},[65,109633,76],{"class":75},[65,109635,80],{"class":79},[65,109637,488],{"class":487},[65,109639,492],{"class":491},[65,109641,488],{"class":487},[65,109643,87],{"class":79},[65,109645,499],{"class":487},[65,109647,502],{"class":491},[65,109649,488],{"class":487},[65,109651,87],{"class":79},[65,109653,499],{"class":487},[65,109655,511],{"class":491},[65,109657,488],{"class":487},[65,109659,98],{"class":79},[65,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109663,12693],{"class":71},[65,109665,76],{"class":75},[65,109667,12698],{"class":71},[65,109669,144],{"class":79},[65,109671,34372],{"class":147},[65,109673,151],{"class":79},[65,109675,488],{"class":487},[65,109677,502],{"class":491},[65,109679,488],{"class":487},[65,109681,157],{"class":79},[65,109683,109684,109686,109688,109690],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109685,164],{"class":163},[65,109687,151],{"class":79},[65,109689,12717],{"class":147},[65,109691,157],{"class":79},[20,109693,109694],{},[43,109695,350],{},[56,109697,109698],{"className":58,"code":11383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109699,109700],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109701,109702],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109703,11383],{"class":3419},[20,109705,16231],{},[56,109707,109708],{"className":58,"code":108919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109709,109710,109742,109760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109711,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109713,12652],{"class":71},[65,109715,76],{"class":75},[65,109717,80],{"class":79},[65,109719,488],{"class":487},[65,109721,492],{"class":491},[65,109723,488],{"class":487},[65,109725,87],{"class":79},[65,109727,499],{"class":487},[65,109729,502],{"class":491},[65,109731,488],{"class":487},[65,109733,87],{"class":79},[65,109735,499],{"class":487},[65,109737,511],{"class":491},[65,109739,488],{"class":487},[65,109741,98],{"class":79},[65,109743,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109745,17077],{"class":71},[65,109747,144],{"class":79},[65,109749,34372],{"class":147},[65,109751,151],{"class":79},[65,109753,488],{"class":487},[65,109755,502],{"class":491},[65,109757,488],{"class":487},[65,109759,157],{"class":79},[65,109761,109762,109764,109766,109768],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109763,164],{"class":163},[65,109765,151],{"class":79},[65,109767,17077],{"class":147},[65,109769,157],{"class":79},[1286,109771,109773],{"id":109772},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109775,109776,109777,144],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109778,19262],{},[56,109780,109782],{"className":58,"code":109781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109783,109784,109808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109785,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109787,12652],{"class":71},[65,109789,76],{"class":75},[65,109791,80],{"class":79},[65,109793,488],{"class":487},[65,109795,492],{"class":491},[65,109797,488],{"class":487},[65,109799,87],{"class":79},[65,109801,499],{"class":487},[65,109803,502],{"class":491},[65,109805,488],{"class":487},[65,109807,98],{"class":79},[65,109809,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109811,17077],{"class":71},[65,109813,144],{"class":79},[65,109815,34372],{"class":147},[65,109817,151],{"class":79},[65,109819,488],{"class":487},[65,109821,511],{"class":491},[65,109823,488],{"class":487},[65,109825,157],{"class":79},[20,109827,109828,109829,191],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109830,3451],{},[56,109832,109834],{"className":58,"code":109833,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109835,109836,109860,109864,109880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109837,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109839,12652],{"class":71},[65,109841,76],{"class":75},[65,109843,80],{"class":79},[65,109845,488],{"class":487},[65,109847,492],{"class":491},[65,109849,488],{"class":487},[65,109851,87],{"class":79},[65,109853,499],{"class":487},[65,109855,502],{"class":491},[65,109857,488],{"class":487},[65,109859,98],{"class":79},[65,109861,109862],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,109863,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,109865,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,109867,6569],{"class":3444},[65,109869,499],{"class":487},[65,109871,511],{"class":491},[65,109873,488],{"class":487},[65,109875,20749],{"class":75},[65,109877,12698],{"class":71},[65,109879,5963],{"class":79},[65,109881,109882,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109883,109884],{"class":71},"    colors",[65,109886,144],{"class":79},[65,109888,34372],{"class":147},[65,109890,151],{"class":79},[65,109892,488],{"class":487},[65,109894,511],{"class":491},[65,109896,488],{"class":487},[65,109898,157],{"class":79},[20,109900,109901,109902,109906],{},"Or use ",[210,109903,109904],{"href":108016},[15,109905,102420],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1286,109908,36784,109910,8282,109912],{"id":109909},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109911,102434],{},[15,109913,54661],{},[20,109915,109916],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109918,109919,109920,109922],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109921,102434],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109924,109925,109926,144],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[210,109927,1190],{"href":98654},[1286,109929,109931],{"id":109930},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109933,107922],{},[20,109935,109936],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[51,109938,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,109940,1289,109942,96870],{"id":109941},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109943,102434],{},[20,109945,109946,109947,144],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109948,3344],{},[1286,109950,29862,109952,109954],{"id":109951},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109953,102434],{}," raise?",[20,109956,29868,109957,109959],{},[15,109958,19262],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1286,109961,20995,109963,214,109965,1304],{"id":109962},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109964,55115],{},[15,109966,102420],{},[20,109968,1660,109969,109971,109972,109974],{},[15,109970,55115],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109973,102420],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1286,109976,4739,109978,109980],{"id":109977},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109979,102434],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109982,109983],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[51,109985,1455],{"id":1454},[33,109987,109988,109994,110000,110004,110008],{},[36,109989,109990],{},[210,109991,1471,109992,1474],{"href":108016},[15,109993,102420],{},[36,109995,109996],{},[210,109997,1471,109998,1474],{"href":97791},[15,109999,12338],{},[36,110001,110002],{},[210,110003,96915],{"href":97460},[36,110005,110006],{},[210,110007,1485],{"href":98654},[36,110009,110010],{},[210,110011,10838],{"href":10650},[1499,110013,110014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":110016},[110017,110018,110020,110021,110022,110023,110028,110036,110046],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":109019,"depth":101,"text":110019},"What set.remove() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":109270,"depth":101,"text":109271},{"id":109374,"depth":101,"text":110024,"children":110025},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110026,110027],{"id":34372,"depth":126,"text":55115},{"id":102487,"depth":126,"text":102420},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":110029},[110030,110032,110033,110035],{"id":109611,"depth":126,"text":110031},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109772,"depth":126,"text":109773},{"id":109909,"depth":126,"text":110034},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109930,"depth":126,"text":109931},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":110037},[110038,110040,110042,110044],{"id":109941,"depth":126,"text":110039},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109951,"depth":126,"text":110041},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109962,"depth":126,"text":110043},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109977,"depth":126,"text":110045},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108893,"description":110047},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":110054,"description":1527,"extension":1528,"meta":111304,"navigation":129,"path":1530,"seo":111305,"stem":1532,"__hash__":1533},{"type":7,"value":110055,"toc":111286},[110056,110060,110064,110066,110068,110078,110080,110158,110160,110164,110168,110178,110184,110186,110204,110206,110220,110222,110298,110300,110324,110326,110328,110334,110338,110342,110344,110354,110358,110360,110384,110386,110392,110394,110396,110492,110494,110526,110528,110548,110554,110556,110560,110566,110570,110576,110578,110666,110668,110680,110686,110690,110694,110696,110784,110786,110796,110798,110810,110814,110820,110822,110902,110904,110948,110950,110956,110958,110960,110964,110998,111000,111016,111020,111022,111106,111108,111112,111114,111120,111126,111130,111132,111134,111218,111220,111244,111246,111248,111250,111276,111284],[10,110057,13,110058,18],{"id":12},[15,110059,17],{},[20,110061,110062,25],{},[15,110063,24],{},[20,110065,28],{},[20,110067,31],{},[33,110069,110070,110072,110076],{},[36,110071,38],{},[36,110073,41,110074,46],{},[43,110075,45],{},[36,110077,49],{},[51,110079,54],{"id":53},[56,110081,110082],{"className":58,"code":59,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110083,110084,110104,110124,110128,110146],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110085,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110087,72],{"class":71},[65,110089,76],{"class":75},[65,110091,80],{"class":79},[65,110093,84],{"class":83},[65,110095,87],{"class":79},[65,110097,90],{"class":83},[65,110099,87],{"class":79},[65,110101,95],{"class":83},[65,110103,98],{"class":79},[65,110105,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110107,104],{"class":71},[65,110109,76],{"class":75},[65,110111,80],{"class":79},[65,110113,111],{"class":83},[65,110115,87],{"class":79},[65,110117,116],{"class":83},[65,110119,87],{"class":79},[65,110121,121],{"class":83},[65,110123,98],{"class":79},[65,110125,110126],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110127,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110129,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110131,136],{"class":71},[65,110133,76],{"class":75},[65,110135,141],{"class":71},[65,110137,144],{"class":79},[65,110139,148],{"class":147},[65,110141,151],{"class":79},[65,110143,154],{"class":147},[65,110145,157],{"class":79},[65,110147,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110149,164],{"class":163},[65,110151,151],{"class":79},[65,110153,169],{"class":147},[65,110155,172],{"class":79},[65,110157,176],{"class":175},[20,110159,179],{},[51,110161,183,110162,186],{"id":182},[15,110163,17],{},[20,110165,110166,191],{},[15,110167,24],{},[33,110169,110170,110172,110174,110176],{},[36,110171,196],{},[36,110173,199],{},[36,110175,202],{},[36,110177,205],{},[20,110179,208,110180,214,110182,144],{},[210,110181,213],{"href":212},[210,110183,218],{"href":217},[51,110185,222],{"id":221},[56,110187,110188],{"className":58,"code":225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110189,110190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110191,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110193,232],{"class":71},[65,110195,144],{"class":79},[65,110197,148],{"class":147},[65,110199,151],{"class":79},[65,110201,241],{"class":147},[65,110203,157],{"class":79},[20,110205,246],{},[33,110207,110208,110212,110216,110218],{},[36,110209,110210,253],{},[15,110211,232],{},[36,110213,110214,258],{},[15,110215,241],{},[36,110217,261],{},[36,110219,264],{},[20,110221,267],{},[56,110223,110224],{"className":58,"code":270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110225,110226,110246,110266,110270,110288],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110227,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110229,277],{"class":71},[65,110231,76],{"class":75},[65,110233,80],{"class":79},[65,110235,84],{"class":83},[65,110237,87],{"class":79},[65,110239,90],{"class":83},[65,110241,87],{"class":79},[65,110243,95],{"class":83},[65,110245,98],{"class":79},[65,110247,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110249,298],{"class":71},[65,110251,76],{"class":75},[65,110253,80],{"class":79},[65,110255,111],{"class":83},[65,110257,87],{"class":79},[65,110259,116],{"class":83},[65,110261,87],{"class":79},[65,110263,121],{"class":83},[65,110265,98],{"class":79},[65,110267,110268],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110269,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110271,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110273,136],{"class":71},[65,110275,76],{"class":75},[65,110277,327],{"class":71},[65,110279,144],{"class":79},[65,110281,148],{"class":147},[65,110283,151],{"class":79},[65,110285,241],{"class":147},[65,110287,157],{"class":79},[65,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110291,164],{"class":163},[65,110293,151],{"class":79},[65,110295,169],{"class":147},[65,110297,157],{"class":79},[20,110299,350],{},[56,110301,110302],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110303,110304],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110305,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110307,360],{"class":79},[65,110309,84],{"class":83},[65,110311,87],{"class":79},[65,110313,90],{"class":83},[65,110315,87],{"class":79},[65,110317,116],{"class":83},[65,110319,87],{"class":79},[65,110321,121],{"class":83},[65,110323,98],{"class":79},[51,110325,380],{"id":379},[20,110327,383],{},[33,110329,110330,110332],{},[36,110331,388],{},[36,110333,391],{},[20,110335,394,110336,397],{},[43,110337,45],{},[33,110339,110340],{},[36,110341,402],{},[20,110343,405],{},[33,110345,110346,110350],{},[36,110347,410,110348],{},[15,110349,413],{},[36,110351,416,110352],{},[15,110353,419],{},[20,110355,422,110356,425],{},[15,110357,111],{},[20,110359,428],{},[56,110361,110362],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110363,110364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110365,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110367,360],{"class":79},[65,110369,84],{"class":83},[65,110371,87],{"class":79},[65,110373,90],{"class":83},[65,110375,87],{"class":79},[65,110377,116],{"class":83},[65,110379,87],{"class":79},[65,110381,121],{"class":83},[65,110383,98],{"class":79},[20,110385,455],{},[33,110387,110388,110390],{},[36,110389,460],{},[36,110391,463],{},[51,110393,467],{"id":466},[20,110395,470],{},[56,110397,110398],{"className":58,"code":473,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110399,110400,110432,110456,110460,110478,110482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110403,480],{"class":71},[65,110405,76],{"class":75},[65,110407,80],{"class":79},[65,110409,488],{"class":487},[65,110411,492],{"class":491},[65,110413,488],{"class":487},[65,110415,87],{"class":79},[65,110417,499],{"class":487},[65,110419,502],{"class":491},[65,110421,488],{"class":487},[65,110423,87],{"class":79},[65,110425,499],{"class":487},[65,110427,511],{"class":491},[65,110429,488],{"class":487},[65,110431,98],{"class":79},[65,110433,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110435,520],{"class":71},[65,110437,76],{"class":75},[65,110439,80],{"class":79},[65,110441,488],{"class":487},[65,110443,511],{"class":491},[65,110445,488],{"class":487},[65,110447,87],{"class":79},[65,110449,499],{"class":487},[65,110451,537],{"class":491},[65,110453,488],{"class":487},[65,110455,98],{"class":79},[65,110457,110458],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110459,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110461,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110463,136],{"class":71},[65,110465,76],{"class":75},[65,110467,554],{"class":71},[65,110469,144],{"class":79},[65,110471,148],{"class":147},[65,110473,151],{"class":79},[65,110475,563],{"class":147},[65,110477,157],{"class":79},[65,110479,110480],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110481,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110483,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,110485,164],{"class":163},[65,110487,151],{"class":79},[65,110489,169],{"class":147},[65,110491,157],{"class":79},[20,110493,350],{},[56,110495,110496],{"className":58,"code":585,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110497,110498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110499,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110501,360],{"class":79},[65,110503,594],{"class":487},[65,110505,492],{"class":491},[65,110507,594],{"class":487},[65,110509,87],{"class":79},[65,110511,603],{"class":487},[65,110513,502],{"class":491},[65,110515,594],{"class":487},[65,110517,87],{"class":79},[65,110519,603],{"class":487},[65,110521,537],{"class":491},[65,110523,594],{"class":487},[65,110525,98],{"class":79},[20,110527,620],{},[33,110529,110530,110534,110542],{},[36,110531,110532,628],{},[15,110533,627],{},[36,110535,110536,634,110538,638,110540,642],{},[15,110537,633],{},[15,110539,637],{},[15,110541,641],{},[36,110543,110544,648,110546,651],{},[15,110545,647],{},[15,110547,563],{},[51,110549,110550,657,110552],{"id":654},[15,110551,17],{},[15,110553,660],{},[20,110555,663],{},[20,110557,110558,191],{},[15,110559,660],{},[33,110561,110562,110564],{},[36,110563,672],{},[36,110565,675],{},[20,110567,110568,191],{},[15,110569,17],{},[33,110571,110572,110574],{},[36,110573,684],{},[36,110575,687],{},[20,110577,267],{},[56,110579,110580],{"className":58,"code":692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110581,110582,110602,110622,110626,110646],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110583,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110585,72],{"class":71},[65,110587,76],{"class":75},[65,110589,80],{"class":79},[65,110591,84],{"class":83},[65,110593,87],{"class":79},[65,110595,90],{"class":83},[65,110597,87],{"class":79},[65,110599,95],{"class":83},[65,110601,98],{"class":79},[65,110603,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110605,104],{"class":71},[65,110607,76],{"class":75},[65,110609,80],{"class":79},[65,110611,111],{"class":83},[65,110613,87],{"class":79},[65,110615,116],{"class":83},[65,110617,87],{"class":79},[65,110619,121],{"class":83},[65,110621,98],{"class":79},[65,110623,110624],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110625,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110627,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110629,164],{"class":163},[65,110631,151],{"class":79},[65,110633,210],{"class":147},[65,110635,144],{"class":79},[65,110637,751],{"class":147},[65,110639,151],{"class":79},[65,110641,154],{"class":147},[65,110643,758],{"class":79},[65,110645,761],{"class":175},[65,110647,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110649,164],{"class":163},[65,110651,151],{"class":79},[65,110653,210],{"class":147},[65,110655,144],{"class":79},[65,110657,148],{"class":147},[65,110659,151],{"class":79},[65,110661,154],{"class":147},[65,110663,758],{"class":79},[65,110665,176],{"class":175},[20,110667,784],{},[33,110669,110670,110676],{},[36,110671,110672,794],{},[210,110673,110674],{"href":791},[15,110675,660],{},[36,110677,110678,799],{},[15,110679,17],{},[51,110681,110682,657,110684],{"id":802},[15,110683,17],{},[15,110685,807],{},[20,110687,110688,812],{},[15,110689,807],{},[20,110691,110692,817],{},[15,110693,17],{},[20,110695,267],{},[56,110697,110698],{"className":58,"code":822,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110699,110700,110720,110740,110744,110764],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110701,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110703,72],{"class":71},[65,110705,76],{"class":75},[65,110707,80],{"class":79},[65,110709,84],{"class":83},[65,110711,87],{"class":79},[65,110713,90],{"class":83},[65,110715,87],{"class":79},[65,110717,95],{"class":83},[65,110719,98],{"class":79},[65,110721,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110723,104],{"class":71},[65,110725,76],{"class":75},[65,110727,80],{"class":79},[65,110729,111],{"class":83},[65,110731,87],{"class":79},[65,110733,116],{"class":83},[65,110735,87],{"class":79},[65,110737,121],{"class":83},[65,110739,98],{"class":79},[65,110741,110742],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110743,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110745,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110747,164],{"class":163},[65,110749,151],{"class":79},[65,110751,210],{"class":147},[65,110753,144],{"class":79},[65,110755,881],{"class":147},[65,110757,151],{"class":79},[65,110759,154],{"class":147},[65,110761,758],{"class":79},[65,110763,890],{"class":175},[65,110765,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110767,164],{"class":163},[65,110769,151],{"class":79},[65,110771,210],{"class":147},[65,110773,144],{"class":79},[65,110775,148],{"class":147},[65,110777,151],{"class":79},[65,110779,154],{"class":147},[65,110781,758],{"class":79},[65,110783,176],{"class":175},[20,110785,913],{},[33,110787,110788,110792],{},[36,110789,110790,920],{},[15,110791,807],{},[36,110793,110794,925],{},[15,110795,17],{},[20,110797,784],{},[33,110799,110800,110806],{},[36,110801,110802,937],{},[210,110803,110804],{"href":934},[15,110805,807],{},[36,110807,110808,942],{},[15,110809,17],{},[51,110811,946,110812,950],{"id":945},[15,110813,949],{},[20,110815,953,110816,956,110818,144],{},[15,110817,949],{},[15,110819,17],{},[20,110821,267],{},[56,110823,110824],{"className":58,"code":963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110825,110826,110846,110866,110870,110888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110827,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110829,277],{"class":71},[65,110831,76],{"class":75},[65,110833,80],{"class":79},[65,110835,84],{"class":83},[65,110837,87],{"class":79},[65,110839,90],{"class":83},[65,110841,87],{"class":79},[65,110843,95],{"class":83},[65,110845,98],{"class":79},[65,110847,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110849,298],{"class":71},[65,110851,76],{"class":75},[65,110853,80],{"class":79},[65,110855,111],{"class":83},[65,110857,87],{"class":79},[65,110859,116],{"class":83},[65,110861,87],{"class":79},[65,110863,121],{"class":83},[65,110865,98],{"class":79},[65,110867,110868],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,110869,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,110871,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110873,164],{"class":163},[65,110875,151],{"class":79},[65,110877,232],{"class":147},[65,110879,144],{"class":79},[65,110881,148],{"class":147},[65,110883,151],{"class":79},[65,110885,241],{"class":147},[65,110887,1028],{"class":79},[65,110889,110890,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,110891,164],{"class":163},[65,110893,151],{"class":79},[65,110895,277],{"class":147},[65,110897,949],{"class":75},[65,110899,1041],{"class":147},[65,110901,157],{"class":79},[20,110903,1046],{},[56,110905,110906],{"className":58,"code":1049,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110907,110908,110928],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110909,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110911,360],{"class":79},[65,110913,84],{"class":83},[65,110915,87],{"class":79},[65,110917,90],{"class":83},[65,110919,87],{"class":79},[65,110921,116],{"class":83},[65,110923,87],{"class":79},[65,110925,121],{"class":83},[65,110927,98],{"class":79},[65,110929,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942,110944,110946],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,110931,360],{"class":79},[65,110933,84],{"class":83},[65,110935,87],{"class":79},[65,110937,90],{"class":83},[65,110939,87],{"class":79},[65,110941,116],{"class":83},[65,110943,87],{"class":79},[65,110945,121],{"class":83},[65,110947,98],{"class":79},[20,110949,1094],{},[33,110951,110952,110954],{},[36,110953,1099],{},[36,110955,1102],{},[20,110957,1105],{},[51,110959,1109],{"id":1108},[20,110961,1112,110962,191],{},[15,110963,17],{},[33,110965,110966,110972,110980,110992],{},[36,110967,110968,110970,1125],{},[43,110969,1121],{},[1123,110971],{},[36,110973,110974,110976,110978,1135],{},[43,110975,1130],{},[1123,110977],{},[15,110979,17],{},[36,110981,110982,110986,110988,1147,110990,1150],{},[43,110983,1140,110984],{},[15,110985,660],{},[1123,110987],{},[15,110989,660],{},[15,110991,17],{},[36,110993,110994,110996,1158],{},[43,110995,1155],{},[1123,110997],{},[20,110999,1161],{},[33,111001,111002,111010,111012,111014],{},[36,111003,1166,111004,1169,111006,1174],{},[15,111005,17],{},[210,111007,111008],{"href":934},[15,111009,807],{},[36,111011,1177],{},[36,111013,1180],{},[36,111015,1183],{},[20,111017,1186,111018,144],{},[210,111019,1190],{"href":1189},[20,111021,1193],{},[56,111023,111024],{"className":58,"code":1196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,111025,111026,111036,111046,111064,111078,111092],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111029,164],{"class":163},[65,111031,151],{"class":79},[65,111033,232],{"class":147},[65,111035,157],{"class":79},[65,111037,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111039,164],{"class":163},[65,111041,151],{"class":79},[65,111043,241],{"class":147},[65,111045,157],{"class":79},[65,111047,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111049,164],{"class":163},[65,111051,151],{"class":79},[65,111053,232],{"class":147},[65,111055,144],{"class":79},[65,111057,148],{"class":147},[65,111059,151],{"class":79},[65,111061,241],{"class":147},[65,111063,1028],{"class":79},[65,111065,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111067,164],{"class":163},[65,111069,151],{"class":79},[65,111071,277],{"class":147},[65,111073,949],{"class":75},[65,111075,1041],{"class":147},[65,111077,157],{"class":79},[65,111079,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111081,164],{"class":163},[65,111083,151],{"class":79},[65,111085,1260],{"class":1259},[65,111087,151],{"class":79},[65,111089,232],{"class":147},[65,111091,1028],{"class":79},[65,111093,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,111095,164],{"class":163},[65,111097,151],{"class":79},[65,111099,1260],{"class":1259},[65,111101,151],{"class":79},[65,111103,241],{"class":147},[65,111105,1028],{"class":79},[51,111107,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,111109,1289,111110,1292],{"id":1288},[15,111111,17],{},[20,111113,1295],{},[1286,111115,1299,111116,634,111118,1304],{"id":1298},[15,111117,17],{},[15,111119,660],{},[20,111121,111122,1309,111124,1312],{},[15,111123,660],{},[15,111125,17],{},[1286,111127,1316,111128,1319],{"id":1315},[15,111129,17],{},[20,111131,1322],{},[20,111133,267],{},[56,111135,111136],{"className":58,"code":1327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,111137,111138,111158,111178,111182,111208],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111139,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111141,1334],{"class":71},[65,111143,76],{"class":75},[65,111145,1339],{"class":79},[65,111147,84],{"class":83},[65,111149,87],{"class":79},[65,111151,90],{"class":83},[65,111153,87],{"class":79},[65,111155,95],{"class":83},[65,111157,1352],{"class":79},[65,111159,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111161,1357],{"class":71},[65,111163,76],{"class":75},[65,111165,1339],{"class":79},[65,111167,111],{"class":83},[65,111169,87],{"class":79},[65,111171,116],{"class":83},[65,111173,87],{"class":79},[65,111175,121],{"class":83},[65,111177,1352],{"class":79},[65,111179,111180],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111181,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111183,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111185,136],{"class":71},[65,111187,76],{"class":75},[65,111189,1386],{"class":1259},[65,111191,151],{"class":79},[65,111193,1391],{"class":147},[65,111195,1394],{"class":79},[65,111197,148],{"class":147},[65,111199,151],{"class":79},[65,111201,1401],{"class":1259},[65,111203,151],{"class":79},[65,111205,1406],{"class":147},[65,111207,1028],{"class":79},[65,111209,111210,111212,111214,111216],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111211,164],{"class":163},[65,111213,151],{"class":79},[65,111215,169],{"class":147},[65,111217,157],{"class":79},[20,111219,350],{},[56,111221,111222],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,111223,111224],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111225,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111227,360],{"class":79},[65,111229,84],{"class":83},[65,111231,87],{"class":79},[65,111233,90],{"class":83},[65,111235,87],{"class":79},[65,111237,116],{"class":83},[65,111239,87],{"class":79},[65,111241,121],{"class":83},[65,111243,98],{"class":79},[1286,111245,1448],{"id":1447},[20,111247,1451],{},[51,111249,1455],{"id":1454},[33,111251,111252,111256,111260,111266,111272],{},[36,111253,111254],{},[210,111255,213],{"href":212},[36,111257,111258],{},[210,111259,1466],{"href":217},[36,111261,111262],{},[210,111263,1471,111264,1474],{"href":791},[15,111265,660],{},[36,111267,111268],{},[210,111269,1471,111270,1474],{"href":934},[15,111271,807],{},[36,111273,111274],{},[210,111275,1485],{"href":1189},[20,111277,1488,111278,1491,111280,1494,111282,1497],{},[15,111279,660],{},[15,111281,807],{},[15,111283,17],{},[1499,111285,1501],{},{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":111287},[111288,111289,111290,111291,111292,111293,111294,111295,111296,111297,111303],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":182,"depth":101,"text":1506},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":379,"depth":101,"text":380},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":654,"depth":101,"text":1511},{"id":802,"depth":101,"text":1513},{"id":945,"depth":101,"text":1515},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":111298},[111299,111300,111301,111302],{"id":1288,"depth":126,"text":1520},{"id":1298,"depth":126,"text":1522},{"id":1315,"depth":126,"text":1524},{"id":1447,"depth":126,"text":1448},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},{},{"title":5,"description":1527},{"id":111307,"title":111308,"body":111309,"description":113372,"extension":1528,"meta":113373,"navigation":129,"path":934,"seo":113374,"stem":113375,"__hash__":113376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111310,"toc":113331},[111311,111316,111321,111324,111337,111339,111421,111426,111431,111435,111447,111450,111454,111456,111483,111485,111496,111499,111568,111570,111576,111579,111589,111591,111680,111685,111687,111694,111697,111699,111702,111822,111824,111893,111896,111913,111918,111921,112037,112039,112068,112071,112077,112082,112086,112167,112169,112197,112202,112206,112301,112303,112344,112348,112351,112418,112420,112461,112467,112482,112489,112496,112500,112506,112592,112596,112604,112675,112680,112687,112689,112695,112697,112762,112764,112780,112785,112788,112857,112861,112864,112923,112926,112930,112983,112996,112999,113052,113056,113058,113089,113092,113097,113150,113154,113157,113178,113190,113192,113245,113247,113252,113254,113260,113263,113269,113274,113278,113281,113289,113298,113300,113328],[10,111312,3143,111314,18],{"id":111313},"python-setunion-method",[15,111315,107602],{},[20,111317,111318,111320],{},[15,111319,107602],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111322,111323],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,111325,111326,111329,111334],{},[36,111327,111328],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,111330,72,111331,111333],{},[43,111332,100340],{}," as the result",[36,111335,111336],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[51,111338,1570],{"id":1569},[56,111340,111342],{"className":58,"code":111341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111343,111344,111364,111384,111388,111406,111416],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111347,277],{"class":71},[65,111349,76],{"class":75},[65,111351,80],{"class":79},[65,111353,84],{"class":83},[65,111355,87],{"class":79},[65,111357,90],{"class":83},[65,111359,87],{"class":79},[65,111361,95],{"class":83},[65,111363,98],{"class":79},[65,111365,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111367,298],{"class":71},[65,111369,76],{"class":75},[65,111371,80],{"class":79},[65,111373,111],{"class":83},[65,111375,87],{"class":79},[65,111377,116],{"class":83},[65,111379,87],{"class":79},[65,111381,121],{"class":83},[65,111383,98],{"class":79},[65,111385,111386],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111387,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111389,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111391,136],{"class":71},[65,111393,76],{"class":75},[65,111395,327],{"class":71},[65,111397,144],{"class":79},[65,111399,881],{"class":147},[65,111401,151],{"class":79},[65,111403,241],{"class":147},[65,111405,157],{"class":79},[65,111407,111408,111410,111412,111414],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111409,164],{"class":163},[65,111411,151],{"class":79},[65,111413,169],{"class":147},[65,111415,157],{"class":79},[65,111417,111418],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,111419,111420],{"class":175},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111422,111423,111425],{},[15,111424,807],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[51,111427,183,111429,186],{"id":111428},"what-setunion-does",[15,111430,107602],{},[20,111432,111433,191],{},[15,111434,107602],{},[33,111436,111437,111440,111443,111445],{},[36,111438,111439],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,111441,111442],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,111444,196],{},[36,111446,205],{},[20,111448,111449],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111451,208,111452,144],{},[210,111453,213],{"href":97076},[51,111455,222],{"id":221},[56,111457,111459],{"className":58,"code":111458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111460,111461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111462,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111464,232],{"class":71},[65,111466,144],{"class":79},[65,111468,881],{"class":147},[65,111470,151],{"class":79},[65,111472,241],{"class":147},[65,111474,87],{"class":79},[65,111476,100192],{"class":147},[65,111478,87],{"class":79},[65,111480,34031],{"class":163},[65,111482,157],{"class":79},[20,111484,12628],{},[33,111486,111487,111490,111493],{},[36,111488,111489],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,111491,111492],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,111494,111495],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111497,111498],{},"Example with two sets:",[56,111500,111502],{"className":58,"code":111501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111503,111504,111520,111536,111540,111558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111507,72],{"class":71},[65,111509,76],{"class":75},[65,111511,80],{"class":79},[65,111513,84],{"class":83},[65,111515,87],{"class":79},[65,111517,90],{"class":83},[65,111519,98],{"class":79},[65,111521,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111523,104],{"class":71},[65,111525,76],{"class":75},[65,111527,80],{"class":79},[65,111529,1624],{"class":83},[65,111531,87],{"class":79},[65,111533,95],{"class":83},[65,111535,98],{"class":79},[65,111537,111538],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111539,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111541,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111543,136],{"class":71},[65,111545,76],{"class":75},[65,111547,141],{"class":71},[65,111549,144],{"class":79},[65,111551,881],{"class":147},[65,111553,151],{"class":79},[65,111555,154],{"class":147},[65,111557,157],{"class":79},[65,111559,111560,111562,111564,111566],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111561,164],{"class":163},[65,111563,151],{"class":79},[65,111565,169],{"class":147},[65,111567,157],{"class":79},[51,111569,21545],{"id":21544},[20,111571,111572,100337,111574,144],{},[15,111573,107602],{},[43,111575,100340],{},[20,111577,111578],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,111580,111581,111584],{},[36,111582,111583],{},"the original set",[36,111585,111586,111587],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111588,807],{},[20,111590,267],{},[56,111592,111594],{"className":58,"code":111593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111595,111596,111612,111628,111632,111650,111654,111667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111597,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111599,72],{"class":71},[65,111601,76],{"class":75},[65,111603,80],{"class":79},[65,111605,84],{"class":83},[65,111607,87],{"class":79},[65,111609,90],{"class":83},[65,111611,98],{"class":79},[65,111613,111614,111616,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111615,104],{"class":71},[65,111617,76],{"class":75},[65,111619,80],{"class":79},[65,111621,1624],{"class":83},[65,111623,87],{"class":79},[65,111625,95],{"class":83},[65,111627,98],{"class":79},[65,111629,111630],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111631,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111633,111634,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111635,136],{"class":71},[65,111637,76],{"class":75},[65,111639,141],{"class":71},[65,111641,144],{"class":79},[65,111643,881],{"class":147},[65,111645,151],{"class":79},[65,111647,154],{"class":147},[65,111649,157],{"class":79},[65,111651,111652],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111653,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111655,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,111657,164],{"class":163},[65,111659,151],{"class":79},[65,111661,169],{"class":147},[65,111663,172],{"class":79},[65,111665,111666],{"class":175},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[65,111668,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,111670,164],{"class":163},[65,111672,151],{"class":79},[65,111674,210],{"class":147},[65,111676,172],{"class":79},[65,111678,111679],{"class":175},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111681,1853,111682,111684],{},[15,111683,210],{}," did not change.",[20,111686,455],{},[33,111688,111689,111691],{},[36,111690,460],{},[36,111692,111693],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111695,111696],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[51,111698,467],{"id":466},[20,111700,111701],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[56,111703,111705],{"className":58,"code":111704,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111706,111707,111740,111773,111777,111797,111801,111811],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111708,111709,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111710,111711],{"class":71},"fruits1 ",[65,111713,76],{"class":75},[65,111715,80],{"class":79},[65,111717,488],{"class":487},[65,111719,3648],{"class":491},[65,111721,488],{"class":487},[65,111723,87],{"class":79},[65,111725,499],{"class":487},[65,111727,3657],{"class":491},[65,111729,488],{"class":487},[65,111731,87],{"class":79},[65,111733,499],{"class":487},[65,111735,32797],{"class":491},[65,111737,488],{"class":487},[65,111739,98],{"class":79},[65,111741,111742,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111743,111744],{"class":71},"fruits2 ",[65,111746,76],{"class":75},[65,111748,80],{"class":79},[65,111750,488],{"class":487},[65,111752,3657],{"class":491},[65,111754,488],{"class":487},[65,111756,87],{"class":79},[65,111758,499],{"class":487},[65,111760,22107],{"class":491},[65,111762,488],{"class":487},[65,111764,87],{"class":79},[65,111766,499],{"class":487},[65,111768,32797],{"class":491},[65,111770,488],{"class":487},[65,111772,98],{"class":79},[65,111774,111775],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111776,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111778,111779,111781,111783,111786,111788,111790,111792,111795],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111780,136],{"class":71},[65,111782,76],{"class":75},[65,111784,111785],{"class":71}," fruits1",[65,111787,144],{"class":79},[65,111789,881],{"class":147},[65,111791,151],{"class":79},[65,111793,111794],{"class":147},"fruits2",[65,111796,157],{"class":79},[65,111798,111799],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111800,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111802,111803,111805,111807,111809],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,111804,164],{"class":163},[65,111806,151],{"class":79},[65,111808,169],{"class":147},[65,111810,157],{"class":79},[65,111812,111813,111815,111817,111820],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,111814,164],{"class":163},[65,111816,151],{"class":79},[65,111818,111819],{"class":147},"fruits1",[65,111821,157],{"class":79},[20,111823,1046],{},[56,111825,111827],{"className":58,"code":111826,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111828,111829,111865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111830,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111832,360],{"class":79},[65,111834,594],{"class":487},[65,111836,3657],{"class":491},[65,111838,594],{"class":487},[65,111840,87],{"class":79},[65,111842,603],{"class":487},[65,111844,32797],{"class":491},[65,111846,594],{"class":487},[65,111848,87],{"class":79},[65,111850,603],{"class":487},[65,111852,3648],{"class":491},[65,111854,594],{"class":487},[65,111856,87],{"class":79},[65,111858,603],{"class":487},[65,111860,22107],{"class":491},[65,111862,594],{"class":487},[65,111864,98],{"class":79},[65,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111868,360],{"class":79},[65,111870,594],{"class":487},[65,111872,3657],{"class":491},[65,111874,594],{"class":487},[65,111876,87],{"class":79},[65,111878,603],{"class":487},[65,111880,32797],{"class":491},[65,111882,594],{"class":487},[65,111884,87],{"class":79},[65,111886,603],{"class":487},[65,111888,3648],{"class":491},[65,111890,594],{"class":487},[65,111892,98],{"class":79},[20,111894,111895],{},"What this shows:",[33,111897,111898,111905,111908],{},[36,111899,111900,634,111902,111904],{},[15,111901,64859],{},[15,111903,65285],{}," appear in both sets",[36,111906,111907],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,111909,111910,111912],{},[15,111911,111819],{}," stays unchanged",[51,111914,7994,111916,100729],{"id":111915},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111917,807],{},[20,111919,111920],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[56,111922,111924],{"className":58,"code":111923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111925,111926,111942,111958,111975,111992,111996,112023,112027],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111927,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111929,277],{"class":71},[65,111931,76],{"class":75},[65,111933,80],{"class":79},[65,111935,84],{"class":83},[65,111937,87],{"class":79},[65,111939,90],{"class":83},[65,111941,98],{"class":79},[65,111943,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,111945,298],{"class":71},[65,111947,76],{"class":75},[65,111949,80],{"class":79},[65,111951,1624],{"class":83},[65,111953,87],{"class":79},[65,111955,95],{"class":83},[65,111957,98],{"class":79},[65,111959,111960,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,111961,111962],{"class":71},"set3 ",[65,111964,76],{"class":75},[65,111966,80],{"class":79},[65,111968,111],{"class":83},[65,111970,87],{"class":79},[65,111972,116],{"class":83},[65,111974,98],{"class":79},[65,111976,111977,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111978,111979],{"class":71},"set4 ",[65,111981,76],{"class":75},[65,111983,80],{"class":79},[65,111985,2072],{"class":83},[65,111987,87],{"class":79},[65,111989,121],{"class":83},[65,111991,98],{"class":79},[65,111993,111994],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,111995,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,111997,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112021],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,111999,136],{"class":71},[65,112001,76],{"class":75},[65,112003,327],{"class":71},[65,112005,144],{"class":79},[65,112007,881],{"class":147},[65,112009,151],{"class":79},[65,112011,241],{"class":147},[65,112013,87],{"class":79},[65,112015,100192],{"class":147},[65,112017,87],{"class":79},[65,112019,112020],{"class":147}," set4",[65,112022,157],{"class":79},[65,112024,112025],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,112026,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112028,112029,112031,112033,112035],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,112030,164],{"class":163},[65,112032,151],{"class":79},[65,112034,169],{"class":147},[65,112036,157],{"class":79},[20,112038,1046],{},[56,112040,112042],{"className":58,"code":112041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112043,112044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112045,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112047,360],{"class":79},[65,112049,84],{"class":83},[65,112051,87],{"class":79},[65,112053,90],{"class":83},[65,112055,87],{"class":79},[65,112057,95],{"class":83},[65,112059,87],{"class":79},[65,112061,116],{"class":83},[65,112063,87],{"class":79},[65,112065,121],{"class":83},[65,112067,98],{"class":79},[20,112069,112070],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[51,112072,7994,112074,112076],{"id":112073},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112075,807],{}," with other iterables",[20,112078,112079,112081],{},[15,112080,807],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1286,112083,112085],{"id":112084},"with-a-list","With a list",[56,112087,112089],{"className":58,"code":112088,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112090,112091,112111,112135,112139,112157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112092,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112094,3185],{"class":71},[65,112096,76],{"class":75},[65,112098,80],{"class":79},[65,112100,84],{"class":83},[65,112102,87],{"class":79},[65,112104,90],{"class":83},[65,112106,87],{"class":79},[65,112108,95],{"class":83},[65,112110,98],{"class":79},[65,112112,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112114,60632],{"class":71},[65,112116,76],{"class":75},[65,112118,1339],{"class":79},[65,112120,111],{"class":83},[65,112122,87],{"class":79},[65,112124,116],{"class":83},[65,112126,87],{"class":79},[65,112128,121],{"class":83},[65,112130,87],{"class":79},[65,112132,121],{"class":83},[65,112134,1352],{"class":79},[65,112136,112137],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112138,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112140,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112142,136],{"class":71},[65,112144,76],{"class":75},[65,112146,3833],{"class":71},[65,112148,144],{"class":79},[65,112150,881],{"class":147},[65,112152,151],{"class":79},[65,112154,60661],{"class":147},[65,112156,157],{"class":79},[65,112158,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112160,164],{"class":163},[65,112162,151],{"class":79},[65,112164,169],{"class":147},[65,112166,157],{"class":79},[20,112168,1046],{},[56,112170,112171],{"className":58,"code":112041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,112172,112173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112174,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112176,360],{"class":79},[65,112178,84],{"class":83},[65,112180,87],{"class":79},[65,112182,90],{"class":83},[65,112184,87],{"class":79},[65,112186,95],{"class":83},[65,112188,87],{"class":79},[65,112190,116],{"class":83},[65,112192,87],{"class":79},[65,112194,121],{"class":83},[65,112196,98],{"class":79},[20,112198,20553,112199,112201],{},[15,112200,1705],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1286,112203,112205],{"id":112204},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[56,112207,112209],{"className":58,"code":112208,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112210,112211,112235,112268,112272,112291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112214,35670],{"class":71},[65,112216,76],{"class":75},[65,112218,80],{"class":79},[65,112220,488],{"class":487},[65,112222,210],{"class":491},[65,112224,488],{"class":487},[65,112226,87],{"class":79},[65,112228,499],{"class":487},[65,112230,154],{"class":491},[65,112232,488],{"class":487},[65,112234,98],{"class":79},[65,112236,112237,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112238,112239],{"class":71},"more_letters ",[65,112241,76],{"class":75},[65,112243,8815],{"class":79},[65,112245,488],{"class":487},[65,112247,154],{"class":491},[65,112249,488],{"class":487},[65,112251,87],{"class":79},[65,112253,499],{"class":487},[65,112255,9317],{"class":491},[65,112257,488],{"class":487},[65,112259,87],{"class":79},[65,112261,499],{"class":487},[65,112263,18342],{"class":491},[65,112265,488],{"class":487},[65,112267,157],{"class":79},[65,112269,112270],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112271,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112273,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112289],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112275,136],{"class":71},[65,112277,76],{"class":75},[65,112279,69680],{"class":71},[65,112281,144],{"class":79},[65,112283,881],{"class":147},[65,112285,151],{"class":79},[65,112287,112288],{"class":147},"more_letters",[65,112290,157],{"class":79},[65,112292,112293,112295,112297,112299],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112294,164],{"class":163},[65,112296,151],{"class":79},[65,112298,169],{"class":147},[65,112300,157],{"class":79},[20,112302,1046],{},[56,112304,112306],{"className":58,"code":112305,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112307,112308],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112309,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112311,360],{"class":79},[65,112313,594],{"class":487},[65,112315,210],{"class":491},[65,112317,594],{"class":487},[65,112319,87],{"class":79},[65,112321,603],{"class":487},[65,112323,154],{"class":491},[65,112325,594],{"class":487},[65,112327,87],{"class":79},[65,112329,603],{"class":487},[65,112331,9317],{"class":491},[65,112333,594],{"class":487},[65,112335,87],{"class":79},[65,112337,603],{"class":487},[65,112339,18342],{"class":491},[65,112341,594],{"class":487},[65,112343,98],{"class":79},[1286,112345,112347],{"id":112346},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112349,112350],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[56,112352,112354],{"className":58,"code":112353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112355,112356,112381,112404,112408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112357,112358,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112359,112360],{"class":71},"chars ",[65,112362,76],{"class":75},[65,112364,80],{"class":79},[65,112366,488],{"class":487},[65,112368,210],{"class":491},[65,112370,488],{"class":487},[65,112372,87],{"class":79},[65,112374,499],{"class":487},[65,112376,154],{"class":491},[65,112378,488],{"class":487},[65,112380,98],{"class":79},[65,112382,112383,112385,112387,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112384,136],{"class":71},[65,112386,76],{"class":75},[65,112388,112389],{"class":71}," chars",[65,112391,144],{"class":79},[65,112393,881],{"class":147},[65,112395,151],{"class":79},[65,112397,488],{"class":487},[65,112399,36627],{"class":491},[65,112401,488],{"class":487},[65,112403,157],{"class":79},[65,112405,112406],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112407,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112409,112410,112412,112414,112416],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112411,164],{"class":163},[65,112413,151],{"class":79},[65,112415,169],{"class":147},[65,112417,157],{"class":79},[20,112419,1046],{},[56,112421,112423],{"className":58,"code":112422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112424,112425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112426,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112428,360],{"class":79},[65,112430,594],{"class":487},[65,112432,210],{"class":491},[65,112434,594],{"class":487},[65,112436,87],{"class":79},[65,112438,603],{"class":487},[65,112440,154],{"class":491},[65,112442,594],{"class":487},[65,112444,87],{"class":79},[65,112446,603],{"class":487},[65,112448,9317],{"class":491},[65,112450,594],{"class":487},[65,112452,87],{"class":79},[65,112454,603],{"class":487},[65,112456,62871],{"class":491},[65,112458,594],{"class":487},[65,112460,98],{"class":79},[20,112462,21764,112463,112466],{},[15,112464,112465],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[33,112468,112469,112473,112477],{},[36,112470,112471],{},[15,112472,66065],{},[36,112474,112475],{},[15,112476,17671],{},[36,112478,112479],{},[15,112480,112481],{},"\"t\"",[51,112483,112485,657,112487],{"id":112484},"union-vs-update",[15,112486,807],{},[15,112488,14529],{},[20,112490,112491,634,112493,112495],{},[15,112492,807],{},[15,112494,14529],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1286,112497,112498],{"id":881},[15,112499,807],{},[33,112501,112502,112504],{},[36,112503,196],{},[36,112505,205],{},[56,112507,112508],{"className":58,"code":111593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,112509,112510,112526,112542,112546,112564,112568,112580],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112511,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112513,72],{"class":71},[65,112515,76],{"class":75},[65,112517,80],{"class":79},[65,112519,84],{"class":83},[65,112521,87],{"class":79},[65,112523,90],{"class":83},[65,112525,98],{"class":79},[65,112527,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112529,104],{"class":71},[65,112531,76],{"class":75},[65,112533,80],{"class":79},[65,112535,1624],{"class":83},[65,112537,87],{"class":79},[65,112539,95],{"class":83},[65,112541,98],{"class":79},[65,112543,112544],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112545,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112547,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112549,136],{"class":71},[65,112551,76],{"class":75},[65,112553,141],{"class":71},[65,112555,144],{"class":79},[65,112557,881],{"class":147},[65,112559,151],{"class":79},[65,112561,154],{"class":147},[65,112563,157],{"class":79},[65,112565,112566],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112567,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112569,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,112571,164],{"class":163},[65,112573,151],{"class":79},[65,112575,169],{"class":147},[65,112577,172],{"class":79},[65,112579,111666],{"class":175},[65,112581,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,112583,164],{"class":163},[65,112585,151],{"class":79},[65,112587,210],{"class":147},[65,112589,172],{"class":79},[65,112591,111679],{"class":175},[1286,112593,112594],{"id":30039},[15,112595,14529],{},[33,112597,112598,112601],{},[36,112599,112600],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,112602,112603],{},"does not create a separate result set",[56,112605,112607],{"className":58,"code":112606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112608,112609,112625,112641,112645,112659,112663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112612,72],{"class":71},[65,112614,76],{"class":75},[65,112616,80],{"class":79},[65,112618,84],{"class":83},[65,112620,87],{"class":79},[65,112622,90],{"class":83},[65,112624,98],{"class":79},[65,112626,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112628,104],{"class":71},[65,112630,76],{"class":75},[65,112632,80],{"class":79},[65,112634,1624],{"class":83},[65,112636,87],{"class":79},[65,112638,95],{"class":83},[65,112640,98],{"class":79},[65,112642,112643],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112644,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112646,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112648,210],{"class":71},[65,112650,144],{"class":79},[65,112652,30039],{"class":147},[65,112654,151],{"class":79},[65,112656,154],{"class":147},[65,112658,157],{"class":79},[65,112660,112661],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112662,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112664,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,112666,164],{"class":163},[65,112668,151],{"class":79},[65,112670,210],{"class":147},[65,112672,172],{"class":79},[65,112674,111666],{"class":175},[20,112676,1660,112677,112679],{},[15,112678,807],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112681,112682,112683,144],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[210,112684,3143,112685,1474],{"href":98096},[15,112686,96891],{},[51,112688,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,112690,8030,112692,112694],{"id":112691},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112693,807],{}," to change the original set",[20,112696,81408],{},[56,112698,112700],{"className":58,"code":112699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112701,112702,112718,112734,112738,112752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112703,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112705,72],{"class":71},[65,112707,76],{"class":75},[65,112709,80],{"class":79},[65,112711,84],{"class":83},[65,112713,87],{"class":79},[65,112715,90],{"class":83},[65,112717,98],{"class":79},[65,112719,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112721,104],{"class":71},[65,112723,76],{"class":75},[65,112725,80],{"class":79},[65,112727,1624],{"class":83},[65,112729,87],{"class":79},[65,112731,95],{"class":83},[65,112733,98],{"class":79},[65,112735,112736],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112737,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112739,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112741,210],{"class":71},[65,112743,144],{"class":79},[65,112745,881],{"class":147},[65,112747,151],{"class":79},[65,112749,154],{"class":147},[65,112751,157],{"class":79},[65,112753,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112755,164],{"class":163},[65,112757,151],{"class":79},[65,112759,210],{"class":147},[65,112761,157],{"class":79},[20,112763,350],{},[56,112765,112766],{"className":58,"code":100080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,112767,112768],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112769,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112771,360],{"class":79},[65,112773,84],{"class":83},[65,112775,87],{"class":79},[65,112777,90],{"class":83},[65,112779,98],{"class":79},[20,112781,8073,112782,112784],{},[15,112783,807],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112786,112787],{},"Fix it like this:",[56,112789,112791],{"className":58,"code":112790,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112792,112793,112809,112825,112829,112847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112794,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112796,72],{"class":71},[65,112798,76],{"class":75},[65,112800,80],{"class":79},[65,112802,84],{"class":83},[65,112804,87],{"class":79},[65,112806,90],{"class":83},[65,112808,98],{"class":79},[65,112810,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112812,104],{"class":71},[65,112814,76],{"class":75},[65,112816,80],{"class":79},[65,112818,1624],{"class":83},[65,112820,87],{"class":79},[65,112822,95],{"class":83},[65,112824,98],{"class":79},[65,112826,112827],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112828,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112830,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112832,72],{"class":71},[65,112834,76],{"class":75},[65,112836,141],{"class":71},[65,112838,144],{"class":79},[65,112840,881],{"class":147},[65,112842,151],{"class":79},[65,112844,154],{"class":147},[65,112846,157],{"class":79},[65,112848,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,112850,164],{"class":163},[65,112852,151],{"class":79},[65,112854,210],{"class":147},[65,112856,157],{"class":79},[1286,112858,112860],{"id":112859},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112862,112863],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[56,112865,112867],{"className":58,"code":112866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112868,112869,112885,112901,112905],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112870,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112872,72],{"class":71},[65,112874,76],{"class":75},[65,112876,80],{"class":79},[65,112878,111],{"class":83},[65,112880,87],{"class":79},[65,112882,5066],{"class":83},[65,112884,98],{"class":79},[65,112886,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112888,104],{"class":71},[65,112890,76],{"class":75},[65,112892,80],{"class":79},[65,112894,1624],{"class":83},[65,112896,87],{"class":79},[65,112898,116],{"class":83},[65,112900,98],{"class":79},[65,112902,112903],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112904,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,112906,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112908,164],{"class":163},[65,112910,151],{"class":79},[65,112912,210],{"class":147},[65,112914,144],{"class":79},[65,112916,881],{"class":147},[65,112918,151],{"class":79},[65,112920,154],{"class":147},[65,112922,1028],{"class":79},[20,112924,112925],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1286,112927,112929],{"id":112928},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[56,112931,112933],{"className":58,"code":112932,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112934,112935,112951,112973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112936,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112938,3639],{"class":71},[65,112940,76],{"class":75},[65,112942,80],{"class":79},[65,112944,488],{"class":487},[65,112946,57712],{"class":491},[65,112948,488],{"class":487},[65,112950,98],{"class":79},[65,112952,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,112954,136],{"class":71},[65,112956,76],{"class":75},[65,112958,5738],{"class":71},[65,112960,144],{"class":79},[65,112962,881],{"class":147},[65,112964,151],{"class":79},[65,112966,488],{"class":487},[65,112968,36627],{"class":491},[65,112970,488],{"class":487},[65,112972,157],{"class":79},[65,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,112976,164],{"class":163},[65,112978,151],{"class":79},[65,112980,169],{"class":147},[65,112982,157],{"class":79},[20,112984,112985,112986,1491,112988,1494,112990,112992,112993,112995],{},"This adds ",[15,112987,66065],{},[15,112989,17671],{},[15,112991,112481],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112994,112465],{}," as one item.",[20,112997,112998],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[56,113000,113002],{"className":58,"code":113001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113003,113004,113020,113042],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113005,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113007,3639],{"class":71},[65,113009,76],{"class":75},[65,113011,80],{"class":79},[65,113013,488],{"class":487},[65,113015,57712],{"class":491},[65,113017,488],{"class":487},[65,113019,98],{"class":79},[65,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113023,136],{"class":71},[65,113025,76],{"class":75},[65,113027,5738],{"class":71},[65,113029,144],{"class":79},[65,113031,881],{"class":147},[65,113033,2552],{"class":79},[65,113035,488],{"class":487},[65,113037,36627],{"class":491},[65,113039,488],{"class":487},[65,113041,3457],{"class":79},[65,113043,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113045,164],{"class":163},[65,113047,151],{"class":79},[65,113049,169],{"class":147},[65,113051,157],{"class":79},[1286,113053,113055],{"id":113054},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113057,2403],{},[56,113059,113061],{"className":58,"code":113060,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113062,113063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113064,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113066,15204],{"class":71},[65,113068,76],{"class":75},[65,113070,80],{"class":79},[65,113072,84],{"class":83},[65,113074,87],{"class":79},[65,113076,90],{"class":83},[65,113078,87],{"class":79},[65,113080,1339],{"class":79},[65,113082,111],{"class":83},[65,113084,87],{"class":79},[65,113086,116],{"class":83},[65,113088,13280],{"class":79},[20,113090,113091],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113093,113094,113095,191],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113096,807],{},[56,113098,113100],{"className":58,"code":113099,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113101,113102,113118,113140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113105,15204],{"class":71},[65,113107,76],{"class":75},[65,113109,80],{"class":79},[65,113111,84],{"class":83},[65,113113,87],{"class":79},[65,113115,90],{"class":83},[65,113117,98],{"class":79},[65,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113121,136],{"class":71},[65,113123,76],{"class":75},[65,113125,96501],{"class":71},[65,113127,144],{"class":79},[65,113129,881],{"class":147},[65,113131,2552],{"class":79},[65,113133,111],{"class":83},[65,113135,87],{"class":79},[65,113137,116],{"class":83},[65,113139,3457],{"class":79},[65,113141,113142,113144,113146,113148],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113143,164],{"class":163},[65,113145,151],{"class":79},[65,113147,169],{"class":147},[65,113149,157],{"class":79},[51,113151,113153],{"id":113152},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113155,113156],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,113158,113159,113165,113172,113175],{},[36,113160,113161,113162,113164],{},"call ",[15,113163,807],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,113166,113167,113168,8282,113170],{},"confuse ",[15,113169,807],{},[15,113171,14529],{},[36,113173,113174],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,113176,113177],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113179,113180,113181,634,113185,144],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[210,113182,3143,113183,1474],{"href":102356},[15,113184,106138],{},[210,113186,3143,113188,1474],{"href":113187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113189,99992],{},[20,113191,1193],{},[56,113193,113195],{"className":58,"code":113194,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113196,113197,113207,113221,113231],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113200,164],{"class":163},[65,113202,151],{"class":79},[65,113204,15241],{"class":147},[65,113206,157],{"class":79},[65,113208,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113210,164],{"class":163},[65,113212,151],{"class":79},[65,113214,1260],{"class":1259},[65,113216,151],{"class":79},[65,113218,15241],{"class":147},[65,113220,1028],{"class":79},[65,113222,113223,113225,113227,113229],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113224,164],{"class":163},[65,113226,151],{"class":79},[65,113228,169],{"class":147},[65,113230,157],{"class":79},[65,113232,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113234,31728],{"class":163},[65,113236,151],{"class":79},[65,113238,1401],{"class":1259},[65,113240,144],{"class":79},[65,113242,881],{"class":24325},[65,113244,157],{"class":79},[51,113246,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,113248,1289,113250,1292],{"id":113249},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113251,107602],{},[20,113253,1295],{},[1286,113255,4739,113257,113259],{"id":113256},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113258,807],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113261,113262],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1286,113264,1316,113266,113268],{"id":113265},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113267,807],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113270,41735,113271,113273],{},[15,113272,807],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1286,113275,113277],{"id":113276},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113279,113280],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1286,113282,1299,113284,634,113286,1304],{"id":113283},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113285,807],{},[15,113287,113288],{},"|",[20,113290,113291,113292,113294,113295,113297],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113293,113288],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113296,807],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[51,113299,1455],{"id":1454},[33,113301,113302,113306,113312,113318,113324],{},[36,113303,113304],{},[210,113305,213],{"href":97076},[36,113307,113308],{},[210,113309,3143,113310,1474],{"href":98096},[15,113311,96891],{},[36,113313,113314],{},[210,113315,3143,113316,1474],{"href":102356},[15,113317,106138],{},[36,113319,113320],{},[210,113321,3143,113322,1474],{"href":113187},[15,113323,99992],{},[36,113325,113326],{},[210,113327,1485],{"href":98654},[1499,113329,113330],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":113332},[113333,113334,113336,113337,113338,113339,113341,113347,113352,113359,113360,113371],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":111428,"depth":101,"text":113335},"What set.union() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":21544,"depth":101,"text":21545},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":111915,"depth":101,"text":113340},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112073,"depth":101,"text":113342,"children":113343},"Using union() with other iterables",[113344,113345,113346],{"id":112084,"depth":126,"text":112085},{"id":112204,"depth":126,"text":112205},{"id":112346,"depth":126,"text":112347},{"id":112484,"depth":101,"text":113348,"children":113349},"union() vs update()",[113350,113351],{"id":881,"depth":126,"text":807},{"id":30039,"depth":126,"text":14529},{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":113353},[113354,113356,113357,113358],{"id":112691,"depth":126,"text":113355},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112859,"depth":126,"text":112860},{"id":112928,"depth":126,"text":112929},{"id":113054,"depth":126,"text":113055},{"id":113152,"depth":101,"text":113153},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":113361},[113362,113364,113366,113368,113369],{"id":113249,"depth":126,"text":113363},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113256,"depth":126,"text":113365},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113265,"depth":126,"text":113367},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113276,"depth":126,"text":113277},{"id":113283,"depth":126,"text":113370},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111308,"description":113372},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113378,"title":113379,"body":113380,"description":115269,"extension":1528,"meta":115270,"navigation":129,"path":96391,"seo":115271,"stem":115272,"__hash__":115273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113381,"toc":115235},[113382,113387,113392,113400,113402,113460,113465,113470,113474,113486,113489,113563,113568,113570,113572,113591,113593,113610,113613,113640,113642,113712,113716,113718,113724,113726,113787,113792,113794,113851,113855,113860,113925,113927,113947,113954,113958,113963,114048,114051,114058,114161,114165,114170,114228,114231,114242,114256,114263,114321,114328,114331,114341,114345,114403,114407,114473,114476,114534,114541,114548,114551,114555,114564,114633,114637,114643,114731,114741,114745,114749,114753,114756,114817,114822,114879,114883,114885,114920,114927,114929,114983,114990,114994,114997,115062,115071,115077,115134,115136,115141,115145,115149,115152,115159,115167,115171,115176,115180,115186,115188,115223,115232],[10,113383,13,113385,18],{"id":113384},"python-set-update-method",[15,113386,14529],{},[20,113388,113389,113391],{},[15,113390,96891],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113393,113394,113395,113399],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[210,113396,113397],{"href":98077},[15,113398,95791],{},", which adds only one item.",[51,113401,54],{"id":53},[56,113403,113405],{"className":58,"code":113404,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113406,113407,113423,113445,113455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113408,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113410,3185],{"class":71},[65,113412,76],{"class":75},[65,113414,80],{"class":79},[65,113416,84],{"class":83},[65,113418,87],{"class":79},[65,113420,90],{"class":83},[65,113422,98],{"class":79},[65,113424,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439,113441,113443],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113426,3215],{"class":71},[65,113428,144],{"class":79},[65,113430,30039],{"class":147},[65,113432,2552],{"class":79},[65,113434,1624],{"class":83},[65,113436,87],{"class":79},[65,113438,95],{"class":83},[65,113440,87],{"class":79},[65,113442,116],{"class":83},[65,113444,3457],{"class":79},[65,113446,113447,113449,113451,113453],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113448,164],{"class":163},[65,113450,151],{"class":79},[65,113452,3215],{"class":147},[65,113454,157],{"class":79},[65,113456,113457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113458,113459],{"class":175},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113461,1660,113462,113464],{},[15,113463,14529],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[51,113466,183,113468,186],{"id":113467},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113469,96891],{},[20,113471,113472,191],{},[15,113473,96891],{},[33,113475,113476,113479,113481,113484],{},[36,113477,113478],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,113480,95898],{},[36,113482,113483],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,113485,95901],{},[20,113487,113488],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[56,113490,113492],{"className":58,"code":113491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113493,113494,113518,113544,113548,113558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113495,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113497,12652],{"class":71},[65,113499,76],{"class":75},[65,113501,80],{"class":79},[65,113503,488],{"class":487},[65,113505,492],{"class":491},[65,113507,488],{"class":487},[65,113509,87],{"class":79},[65,113511,499],{"class":487},[65,113513,502],{"class":491},[65,113515,488],{"class":487},[65,113517,98],{"class":79},[65,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113521,17077],{"class":71},[65,113523,144],{"class":79},[65,113525,30039],{"class":147},[65,113527,2552],{"class":79},[65,113529,488],{"class":487},[65,113531,502],{"class":491},[65,113533,488],{"class":487},[65,113535,87],{"class":79},[65,113537,499],{"class":487},[65,113539,511],{"class":491},[65,113541,488],{"class":487},[65,113543,3457],{"class":79},[65,113545,113546],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113547,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,113549,113550,113552,113554,113556],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113551,164],{"class":163},[65,113553,151],{"class":79},[65,113555,17077],{"class":147},[65,113557,157],{"class":79},[65,113559,113560],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,113561,113562],{"class":175},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113564,20553,113565,113567],{},[15,113566,637],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[51,113569,222],{"id":221},[20,113571,6790],{},[56,113573,113575],{"className":58,"code":113574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113576,113577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113578,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113580,15241],{"class":71},[65,113582,144],{"class":79},[65,113584,30039],{"class":147},[65,113586,151],{"class":79},[65,113588,3286],{"class":147},[65,113590,157],{"class":79},[20,113592,79787],{},[33,113594,113595,113598,113601,113604,113607],{},[36,113596,113597],{},"A list",[36,113599,113600],{},"A tuple",[36,113602,113603],{},"Another set",[36,113605,113606],{},"A string",[36,113608,113609],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113611,113612],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[56,113614,113616],{"className":58,"code":113615,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113617,113618],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113619,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113621,15241],{"class":71},[65,113623,144],{"class":79},[65,113625,30039],{"class":147},[65,113627,151],{"class":79},[65,113629,210],{"class":147},[65,113631,87],{"class":79},[65,113633,2126],{"class":147},[65,113635,87],{"class":79},[65,113637,9259],{"class":147},[65,113639,157],{"class":79},[20,113641,267],{},[56,113643,113645],{"className":58,"code":113644,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113646,113647,113659,113693,113697,113707],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113648,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113650,3389],{"class":71},[65,113652,76],{"class":75},[65,113654,80],{"class":79},[65,113656,84],{"class":83},[65,113658,98],{"class":79},[65,113660,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113662,4928],{"class":71},[65,113664,144],{"class":79},[65,113666,30039],{"class":147},[65,113668,2552],{"class":79},[65,113670,1624],{"class":83},[65,113672,87],{"class":79},[65,113674,95],{"class":83},[65,113676,17637],{"class":79},[65,113678,8815],{"class":79},[65,113680,2072],{"class":83},[65,113682,87],{"class":79},[65,113684,121],{"class":83},[65,113686,8812],{"class":79},[65,113688,80],{"class":79},[65,113690,80178],{"class":83},[65,113692,30071],{"class":79},[65,113694,113695],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113696,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,113698,113699,113701,113703,113705],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113700,164],{"class":163},[65,113702,151],{"class":79},[65,113704,4928],{"class":147},[65,113706,157],{"class":79},[65,113708,113709],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,113710,113711],{"class":175},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113713,208,113714,144],{},[210,113715,95911],{"href":97460},[51,113717,21545],{"id":21544},[20,113719,113720,1965,113722,144],{},[15,113721,96891],{},[15,113723,3344],{},[20,113725,11289],{},[56,113727,113729],{"className":58,"code":113728,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113730,113731,113747,113769,113773,113783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113732,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113734,3185],{"class":71},[65,113736,76],{"class":75},[65,113738,80],{"class":79},[65,113740,84],{"class":83},[65,113742,87],{"class":79},[65,113744,90],{"class":83},[65,113746,98],{"class":79},[65,113748,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113750,136],{"class":71},[65,113752,76],{"class":75},[65,113754,3833],{"class":71},[65,113756,144],{"class":79},[65,113758,30039],{"class":147},[65,113760,2552],{"class":79},[65,113762,111],{"class":83},[65,113764,87],{"class":79},[65,113766,116],{"class":83},[65,113768,3457],{"class":79},[65,113770,113771],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113772,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,113774,113775,113777,113779,113781],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113776,164],{"class":163},[65,113778,151],{"class":79},[65,113780,169],{"class":147},[65,113782,157],{"class":79},[65,113784,113785],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,113786,61416],{"class":175},[20,113788,113789,113790,144],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113791,169],{},[20,113793,18543],{},[56,113795,113797],{"className":58,"code":113796,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113798,113799,113815,113833,113837,113847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113800,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113802,3185],{"class":71},[65,113804,76],{"class":75},[65,113806,80],{"class":79},[65,113808,84],{"class":83},[65,113810,87],{"class":79},[65,113812,90],{"class":83},[65,113814,98],{"class":79},[65,113816,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113818,3215],{"class":71},[65,113820,144],{"class":79},[65,113822,30039],{"class":147},[65,113824,2552],{"class":79},[65,113826,111],{"class":83},[65,113828,87],{"class":79},[65,113830,116],{"class":83},[65,113832,3457],{"class":79},[65,113834,113835],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113836,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,113838,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113840,164],{"class":163},[65,113842,151],{"class":79},[65,113844,3215],{"class":147},[65,113846,157],{"class":79},[65,113848,113849],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,113850,113459],{"class":175},[51,113852,113854],{"id":113853},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113856,113857,113858,144],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113859,14529],{},[56,113861,113863],{"className":58,"code":113862,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113864,113865,113881,113907,113911,113921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113866,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877,113879],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113868,3185],{"class":71},[65,113870,76],{"class":75},[65,113872,80],{"class":79},[65,113874,84],{"class":83},[65,113876,87],{"class":79},[65,113878,90],{"class":83},[65,113880,98],{"class":79},[65,113882,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113884,3215],{"class":71},[65,113886,144],{"class":79},[65,113888,30039],{"class":147},[65,113890,2552],{"class":79},[65,113892,1624],{"class":83},[65,113894,87],{"class":79},[65,113896,95],{"class":83},[65,113898,87],{"class":79},[65,113900,116],{"class":83},[65,113902,87],{"class":79},[65,113904,116],{"class":83},[65,113906,3457],{"class":79},[65,113908,113909],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,113910,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,113912,113913,113915,113917,113919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113914,164],{"class":163},[65,113916,151],{"class":79},[65,113918,3215],{"class":147},[65,113920,157],{"class":79},[65,113922,113923],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,113924,113459],{"class":175},[20,113926,11258],{},[33,113928,113929,113934,113941],{},[36,113930,113931,113933],{},[15,113932,1624],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,113935,113936,634,113938,113940],{},[15,113937,111],{},[15,113939,2072],{}," are added",[36,113942,113943,113944,113946],{},"The second ",[15,113945,2072],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113948,113949,113950,113953],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[210,113951,113952],{"href":98654},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[51,113955,113957],{"id":113956},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113959,7336,113960,113962],{},[15,113961,14529],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[56,113964,113966],{"className":58,"code":113965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113967,113968,113989,114010,114014,114030,114034,114044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113969,113970,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113971,113972],{"class":71},"set_a ",[65,113974,76],{"class":75},[65,113976,80],{"class":79},[65,113978,84],{"class":83},[65,113980,87],{"class":79},[65,113982,90],{"class":83},[65,113984,87],{"class":79},[65,113986,95],{"class":83},[65,113988,98],{"class":79},[65,113990,113991,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,113992,113993],{"class":71},"set_b ",[65,113995,76],{"class":75},[65,113997,80],{"class":79},[65,113999,111],{"class":83},[65,114001,87],{"class":79},[65,114003,116],{"class":83},[65,114005,87],{"class":79},[65,114007,121],{"class":83},[65,114009,98],{"class":79},[65,114011,114012],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114013,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114015,114016,114019,114021,114023,114025,114028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114017,114018],{"class":71},"set_a",[65,114020,144],{"class":79},[65,114022,30039],{"class":147},[65,114024,151],{"class":79},[65,114026,114027],{"class":147},"set_b",[65,114029,157],{"class":79},[65,114031,114032],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114033,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114035,114036,114038,114040,114042],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,114037,164],{"class":163},[65,114039,151],{"class":79},[65,114041,114018],{"class":147},[65,114043,157],{"class":79},[65,114045,114046],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,114047,111420],{"class":175},[20,114049,114050],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114052,114053,114054,144],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[210,114055,114056],{"href":102364},[15,114057,107602],{},[56,114059,114061],{"className":58,"code":114060,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114062,114063,114083,114103,114107,114127,114131,114142,114146,114156],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114064,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114066,113972],{"class":71},[65,114068,76],{"class":75},[65,114070,80],{"class":79},[65,114072,84],{"class":83},[65,114074,87],{"class":79},[65,114076,90],{"class":83},[65,114078,87],{"class":79},[65,114080,95],{"class":83},[65,114082,98],{"class":79},[65,114084,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114086,113993],{"class":71},[65,114088,76],{"class":75},[65,114090,80],{"class":79},[65,114092,111],{"class":83},[65,114094,87],{"class":79},[65,114096,116],{"class":83},[65,114098,87],{"class":79},[65,114100,121],{"class":83},[65,114102,98],{"class":79},[65,114104,114105],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114106,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114108,114109,114112,114114,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114110,114111],{"class":71},"combined ",[65,114113,76],{"class":75},[65,114115,114116],{"class":71}," set_a",[65,114118,144],{"class":79},[65,114120,881],{"class":147},[65,114122,151],{"class":79},[65,114124,114027],{"class":147},[65,114126,157],{"class":79},[65,114128,114129],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114130,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114132,114133,114135,114137,114140],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,114134,164],{"class":163},[65,114136,151],{"class":79},[65,114138,114139],{"class":147},"combined",[65,114141,157],{"class":79},[65,114143,114144],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,114145,111420],{"class":175},[65,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,114149,164],{"class":163},[65,114151,151],{"class":79},[65,114153,114018],{"class":147},[65,114155,157],{"class":79},[65,114157,114158],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,114159,114160],{"class":175},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[51,114162,114164],{"id":114163},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114166,64324,114167,114169],{},[15,114168,14529],{}," adds each character separately.",[56,114171,114173],{"className":58,"code":114172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114174,114175,114191,114209,114213,114223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114176,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114178,35670],{"class":71},[65,114180,76],{"class":75},[65,114182,80],{"class":79},[65,114184,488],{"class":487},[65,114186,1742],{"class":491},[65,114188,488],{"class":487},[65,114190,98],{"class":79},[65,114192,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114194,35723],{"class":71},[65,114196,144],{"class":79},[65,114198,30039],{"class":147},[65,114200,151],{"class":79},[65,114202,488],{"class":487},[65,114204,36627],{"class":491},[65,114206,488],{"class":487},[65,114208,157],{"class":79},[65,114210,114211],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114212,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114214,114215,114217,114219,114221],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114216,164],{"class":163},[65,114218,151],{"class":79},[65,114220,35723],{"class":147},[65,114222,157],{"class":79},[65,114224,114225],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114226,114227],{"class":175},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114229,114230],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114232,114233,13628,114236,114238,114239,114241],{},[15,114234,114235],{},"update(\"cat\")",[43,114237,45],{}," add ",[15,114240,112465],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,114243,114244,114248,114252],{},[36,114245,114246],{},[15,114247,66065],{},[36,114249,114250],{},[15,114251,17671],{},[36,114253,114254],{},[15,114255,112481],{},[20,114257,114258,114259,191],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[210,114260,114261],{"href":98077},[15,114262,95791],{},[56,114264,114266],{"className":58,"code":114265,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114267,114268,114284,114302,114306,114316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114269,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114271,3639],{"class":71},[65,114273,76],{"class":75},[65,114275,80],{"class":79},[65,114277,488],{"class":487},[65,114279,57712],{"class":491},[65,114281,488],{"class":487},[65,114283,98],{"class":79},[65,114285,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114287,3683],{"class":71},[65,114289,144],{"class":79},[65,114291,81687],{"class":147},[65,114293,151],{"class":79},[65,114295,488],{"class":487},[65,114297,36627],{"class":491},[65,114299,488],{"class":487},[65,114301,157],{"class":79},[65,114303,114304],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114305,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114307,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114309,164],{"class":163},[65,114311,151],{"class":79},[65,114313,3683],{"class":147},[65,114315,157],{"class":79},[65,114317,114318],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114319,114320],{"class":175},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[51,114322,114324,657,114326],{"id":114323},"update-vs-add",[15,114325,14529],{},[15,114327,95786],{},[20,114329,114330],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,114332,114333,114337],{},[36,114334,114335,96380],{},[15,114336,95786],{},[36,114338,114339,96385],{},[15,114340,14529],{},[20,114342,45624,114343,191],{},[15,114344,95786],{},[56,114346,114348],{"className":58,"code":114347,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114349,114350,114366,114384,114388,114398],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114351,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114353,35819],{"class":71},[65,114355,76],{"class":75},[65,114357,80],{"class":79},[65,114359,488],{"class":487},[65,114361,3648],{"class":491},[65,114363,488],{"class":487},[65,114365,98],{"class":79},[65,114367,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114369,35871],{"class":71},[65,114371,144],{"class":79},[65,114373,81687],{"class":147},[65,114375,151],{"class":79},[65,114377,488],{"class":487},[65,114379,3657],{"class":491},[65,114381,488],{"class":487},[65,114383,157],{"class":79},[65,114385,114386],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114387,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114389,114390,114392,114394,114396],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114391,164],{"class":163},[65,114393,151],{"class":79},[65,114395,35871],{"class":147},[65,114397,157],{"class":79},[65,114399,114400],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114401,114402],{"class":175},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114404,45624,114405,191],{},[15,114406,14529],{},[56,114408,114410],{"className":58,"code":114409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114411,114412,114428,114454,114458,114468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114413,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114415,35819],{"class":71},[65,114417,76],{"class":75},[65,114419,80],{"class":79},[65,114421,488],{"class":487},[65,114423,3648],{"class":491},[65,114425,488],{"class":487},[65,114427,98],{"class":79},[65,114429,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114431,35871],{"class":71},[65,114433,144],{"class":79},[65,114435,30039],{"class":147},[65,114437,2552],{"class":79},[65,114439,488],{"class":487},[65,114441,3657],{"class":491},[65,114443,488],{"class":487},[65,114445,87],{"class":79},[65,114447,499],{"class":487},[65,114449,32797],{"class":491},[65,114451,488],{"class":487},[65,114453,3457],{"class":79},[65,114455,114456],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114457,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114459,114460,114462,114464,114466],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114461,164],{"class":163},[65,114463,151],{"class":79},[65,114465,35871],{"class":147},[65,114467,157],{"class":79},[65,114469,114470],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114471,114472],{"class":175},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114474,114475],{},"Important warning with strings:",[56,114477,114479],{"className":58,"code":114478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114480,114481,114497,114515,114519,114529],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114482,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114484,35819],{"class":71},[65,114486,76],{"class":75},[65,114488,80],{"class":79},[65,114490,488],{"class":487},[65,114492,3648],{"class":491},[65,114494,488],{"class":487},[65,114496,98],{"class":79},[65,114498,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114500,35871],{"class":71},[65,114502,144],{"class":79},[65,114504,30039],{"class":147},[65,114506,151],{"class":79},[65,114508,488],{"class":487},[65,114510,37922],{"class":491},[65,114512,488],{"class":487},[65,114514,157],{"class":79},[65,114516,114517],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114518,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114520,114521,114523,114525,114527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114522,164],{"class":163},[65,114524,151],{"class":79},[65,114526,35871],{"class":147},[65,114528,157],{"class":79},[65,114530,114531],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114532,114533],{"class":175},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114535,61691,114536,61764,114539,6202],{},[15,114537,114538],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114540,95786],{},[51,114542,114544,657,114546],{"id":114543},"update-vs-union",[15,114545,14529],{},[15,114547,807],{},[20,114549,114550],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1286,114552,114553],{"id":30039},[15,114554,14529],{},[33,114556,114557,114560],{},[36,114558,114559],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,114561,10999,114562],{},[15,114563,3344],{},[56,114565,114567],{"className":58,"code":114566,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114568,114569,114585,114601,114605,114619,114629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114570,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114572,72],{"class":71},[65,114574,76],{"class":75},[65,114576,80],{"class":79},[65,114578,84],{"class":83},[65,114580,87],{"class":79},[65,114582,90],{"class":83},[65,114584,98],{"class":79},[65,114586,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114588,104],{"class":71},[65,114590,76],{"class":75},[65,114592,80],{"class":79},[65,114594,1624],{"class":83},[65,114596,87],{"class":79},[65,114598,95],{"class":83},[65,114600,98],{"class":79},[65,114602,114603],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114604,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114606,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114608,210],{"class":71},[65,114610,144],{"class":79},[65,114612,30039],{"class":147},[65,114614,151],{"class":79},[65,114616,154],{"class":147},[65,114618,157],{"class":79},[65,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114622,164],{"class":163},[65,114624,151],{"class":79},[65,114626,210],{"class":147},[65,114628,157],{"class":79},[65,114630,114631],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,114632,114160],{"class":175},[1286,114634,114635],{"id":881},[15,114636,807],{},[33,114638,114639,114641],{},[36,114640,100908],{},[36,114642,100911],{},[56,114644,114646],{"className":58,"code":114645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114647,114648,114664,114680,114684,114702,114712,114716,114726],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114649,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114651,72],{"class":71},[65,114653,76],{"class":75},[65,114655,80],{"class":79},[65,114657,84],{"class":83},[65,114659,87],{"class":79},[65,114661,90],{"class":83},[65,114663,98],{"class":79},[65,114665,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114667,104],{"class":71},[65,114669,76],{"class":75},[65,114671,80],{"class":79},[65,114673,1624],{"class":83},[65,114675,87],{"class":79},[65,114677,95],{"class":83},[65,114679,98],{"class":79},[65,114681,114682],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114683,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114687,82767],{"class":71},[65,114689,76],{"class":75},[65,114691,141],{"class":71},[65,114693,144],{"class":79},[65,114695,881],{"class":147},[65,114697,151],{"class":79},[65,114699,154],{"class":147},[65,114701,157],{"class":79},[65,114703,114704,114706,114708,114710],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114705,164],{"class":163},[65,114707,151],{"class":79},[65,114709,9317],{"class":147},[65,114711,157],{"class":79},[65,114713,114714],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,114715,114160],{"class":175},[65,114717,114718,114720,114722,114724],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,114719,164],{"class":163},[65,114721,151],{"class":79},[65,114723,210],{"class":147},[65,114725,157],{"class":79},[65,114727,114728],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,114729,114730],{"class":175},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114732,107245,114733,114735,114736,114740],{},[15,114734,14529],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[210,114737,114738],{"href":102364},[15,114739,807],{}," when you want a new set.",[51,114742,114744],{"id":114743},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114746,10323,114747,144],{},[15,114748,96891],{},[1286,114750,114752],{"id":114751},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114754,114755],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[56,114757,114759],{"className":58,"code":114758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114760,114761,114777,114799,114803,114813],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114762,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114764,15204],{"class":71},[65,114766,76],{"class":75},[65,114768,80],{"class":79},[65,114770,84],{"class":83},[65,114772,87],{"class":79},[65,114774,90],{"class":83},[65,114776,98],{"class":79},[65,114778,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114780,136],{"class":71},[65,114782,76],{"class":75},[65,114784,96501],{"class":71},[65,114786,144],{"class":79},[65,114788,30039],{"class":147},[65,114790,2552],{"class":79},[65,114792,111],{"class":83},[65,114794,87],{"class":79},[65,114796,116],{"class":83},[65,114798,3457],{"class":79},[65,114800,114801],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114802,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114804,114805,114807,114809,114811],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114806,164],{"class":163},[65,114808,151],{"class":79},[65,114810,169],{"class":147},[65,114812,157],{"class":79},[65,114814,114815],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114816,61416],{"class":175},[20,114818,114819,114820,191],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114821,14529],{},[56,114823,114825],{"className":58,"code":114824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114826,114827,114843,114861,114865,114875],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114828,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114830,15204],{"class":71},[65,114832,76],{"class":75},[65,114834,80],{"class":79},[65,114836,84],{"class":83},[65,114838,87],{"class":79},[65,114840,90],{"class":83},[65,114842,98],{"class":79},[65,114844,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114846,15241],{"class":71},[65,114848,144],{"class":79},[65,114850,30039],{"class":147},[65,114852,2552],{"class":79},[65,114854,111],{"class":83},[65,114856,87],{"class":79},[65,114858,116],{"class":83},[65,114860,3457],{"class":79},[65,114862,114863],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114864,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114866,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114868,164],{"class":163},[65,114870,151],{"class":79},[65,114872,15241],{"class":147},[65,114874,157],{"class":79},[65,114876,114877],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114878,113459],{"class":175},[1286,114880,114882],{"id":114881},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114884,2403],{},[56,114886,114888],{"className":58,"code":114887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114889,114890,114906],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114891,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114893,15204],{"class":71},[65,114895,76],{"class":75},[65,114897,80],{"class":79},[65,114899,84],{"class":83},[65,114901,87],{"class":79},[65,114903,90],{"class":83},[65,114905,98],{"class":79},[65,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114909,15241],{"class":71},[65,114911,144],{"class":79},[65,114913,30039],{"class":147},[65,114915,151],{"class":79},[65,114917,1705],{"class":83},[65,114919,157],{"class":79},[20,114921,61870,114922,8179,114924,114926],{},[15,114923,2571],{},[15,114925,1705],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114928,6125],{},[56,114930,114932],{"className":58,"code":114931,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114933,114934,114950,114964,114968,114978],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114935,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114937,15204],{"class":71},[65,114939,76],{"class":75},[65,114941,80],{"class":79},[65,114943,84],{"class":83},[65,114945,87],{"class":79},[65,114947,90],{"class":83},[65,114949,98],{"class":79},[65,114951,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,114953,15241],{"class":71},[65,114955,144],{"class":79},[65,114957,30039],{"class":147},[65,114959,2552],{"class":79},[65,114961,1705],{"class":83},[65,114963,3457],{"class":79},[65,114965,114966],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,114967,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,114969,114970,114972,114974,114976],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114971,164],{"class":163},[65,114973,151],{"class":79},[65,114975,15241],{"class":147},[65,114977,157],{"class":79},[65,114979,114980],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,114981,114982],{"class":175},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114984,45497,114985,144],{},[210,114986,25255,114987],{"href":52185},[15,114988,114989],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1286,114991,114993],{"id":114992},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114995,114996],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[56,114998,115000],{"className":58,"code":114999,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115001,115002,115018,115044,115048,115058],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115003,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115005,15204],{"class":71},[65,115007,76],{"class":75},[65,115009,80],{"class":79},[65,115011,84],{"class":83},[65,115013,87],{"class":79},[65,115015,90],{"class":83},[65,115017,98],{"class":79},[65,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115021,15241],{"class":71},[65,115023,144],{"class":79},[65,115025,30039],{"class":147},[65,115027,2552],{"class":79},[65,115029,1624],{"class":83},[65,115031,87],{"class":79},[65,115033,90],{"class":83},[65,115035,87],{"class":79},[65,115037,90],{"class":83},[65,115039,87],{"class":79},[65,115041,95],{"class":83},[65,115043,3457],{"class":79},[65,115045,115046],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115047,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115049,115050,115052,115054,115056],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115051,164],{"class":163},[65,115053,151],{"class":79},[65,115055,15241],{"class":147},[65,115057,157],{"class":79},[65,115059,115060],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115061,114160],{"class":175},[1286,115063,115065,115066,1169,115068,115070],{"id":115064},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115067,14529],{},[15,115069,95786],{}," is better",[20,115072,115073,115074,115076],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115075,95786],{}," is usually the better choice.",[56,115078,115080],{"className":58,"code":115079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115081,115082,115098,115116,115120,115130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115083,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115085,15204],{"class":71},[65,115087,76],{"class":75},[65,115089,80],{"class":79},[65,115091,488],{"class":487},[65,115093,57712],{"class":491},[65,115095,488],{"class":487},[65,115097,98],{"class":79},[65,115099,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115101,15241],{"class":71},[65,115103,144],{"class":79},[65,115105,81687],{"class":147},[65,115107,151],{"class":79},[65,115109,488],{"class":487},[65,115111,36627],{"class":491},[65,115113,488],{"class":487},[65,115115,157],{"class":79},[65,115117,115118],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115119,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115121,115122,115124,115126,115128],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115123,164],{"class":163},[65,115125,151],{"class":79},[65,115127,15241],{"class":147},[65,115129,157],{"class":79},[65,115131,115132],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115133,114320],{"class":175},[51,115135,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,115137,1289,115139,96870],{"id":115138},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115140,96891],{},[20,115142,96873,115143,144],{},[15,115144,3344],{},[1286,115146,1316,115147,31802],{"id":31799},[15,115148,14529],{},[20,115150,115151],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1286,115153,1299,115155,634,115157,1304],{"id":115154},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115156,95786],{},[15,115158,14529],{},[20,115160,115161,115163,115164,115166],{},[15,115162,95786],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115165,14529],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1286,115168,115170],{"id":115169},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115172,115173,115174,114169],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115175,14529],{},[1286,115177,115179],{"id":115178},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115181,1660,115182,10667,115184,144],{},[15,115183,807],{},[15,115185,14529],{},[51,115187,1455],{"id":1454},[33,115189,115190,115197,115204,115210,115216],{},[36,115191,115192],{},[210,115193,115194],{"href":98077},[15,115195,115196],{},"Python set add() method",[36,115198,115199],{},[210,115200,115201],{"href":102364},[15,115202,115203],{},"Python set union() method",[36,115205,115206],{},[210,115207,115208],{"href":97460},[15,115209,96915],{},[36,115211,115212],{},[210,115213,115214],{"href":98654},[15,115215,1485],{},[36,115217,115218],{},[210,115219,115220,115222],{"href":52185},[15,115221,114989],{}," fix",[20,115224,115225,115226,115228,115229,115231],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115227,95791],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115230,107602],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1499,115233,115234],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":115236},[115237,115238,115240,115241,115242,115243,115244,115245,115247,115252,115259,115268],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":113467,"depth":101,"text":115239},"What set.update() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":21544,"depth":101,"text":21545},{"id":113853,"depth":101,"text":113854},{"id":113956,"depth":101,"text":113957},{"id":114163,"depth":101,"text":114164},{"id":114323,"depth":101,"text":115246},"update() vs add()",{"id":114543,"depth":101,"text":115248,"children":115249},"update() vs union()",[115250,115251],{"id":30039,"depth":126,"text":14529},{"id":881,"depth":126,"text":807},{"id":114743,"depth":101,"text":114744,"children":115253},[115254,115255,115256,115257],{"id":114751,"depth":126,"text":114752},{"id":114881,"depth":126,"text":114882},{"id":114992,"depth":126,"text":114993},{"id":115064,"depth":126,"text":115258},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":115260},[115261,115263,115264,115266,115267],{"id":115138,"depth":126,"text":115262},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31799,"depth":126,"text":31872},{"id":115154,"depth":126,"text":115265},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115169,"depth":126,"text":115170},{"id":115178,"depth":126,"text":115179},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113379,"description":115269},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115275,"title":115276,"body":115277,"description":117043,"extension":1528,"meta":117044,"navigation":129,"path":13364,"seo":117045,"stem":117046,"__hash__":117047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115278,"toc":117018},[115279,115282,115285,115288,115299,115307,115310,115312,115461,115473,115477,115494,115498,115506,115508,115519,115521,115618,115624,115627,115723,115732,115737,115741,115746,115748,115758,115760,115869,115877,115881,115884,115887,115904,115910,115990,115993,115997,116000,116004,116007,116066,116069,116073,116076,116168,116172,116175,116282,116286,116292,116320,116322,116404,116414,116418,116421,116432,116435,116520,116523,116528,116532,116535,116546,116549,116691,116694,116698,116701,116715,116718,116779,116785,116787,116790,116812,116815,116915,116918,116950,116952,116956,116959,116961,116964,116968,116971,116975,116978,116982,116985,116987,117015],[10,115280,115276],{"id":115281},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115283,115284],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115286,115287],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,115289,115290,115293,115296],{},[36,115291,115292],{},"a list inside another list",[36,115294,115295],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,115297,115298],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115300,99842,115301,634,115303,115306],{},[43,115302,12426],{},[43,115304,115305],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115308,115309],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[51,115311,1570],{"id":1569},[56,115313,115315],{"className":58,"code":115314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115316,115317,115324,115328,115354,115374,115394,115398,115416,115420,115433,115447],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115318,115319,115321],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115320,34669],{"class":3444},[65,115322,115323],{"class":71}," copy\n",[65,115325,115326],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115327,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115329,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115331,11661],{"class":71},[65,115333,76],{"class":75},[65,115335,55880],{"class":79},[65,115337,84],{"class":83},[65,115339,87],{"class":79},[65,115341,90],{"class":83},[65,115343,17637],{"class":79},[65,115345,1339],{"class":79},[65,115347,111],{"class":83},[65,115349,87],{"class":79},[65,115351,116],{"class":83},[65,115353,52828],{"class":79},[65,115355,115356,115359,115361,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115357,115358],{"class":71},"shallow ",[65,115360,76],{"class":75},[65,115362,115363],{"class":71}," copy",[65,115365,144],{"class":79},[65,115367,12487],{"class":147},[65,115369,151],{"class":79},[65,115371,11708],{"class":147},[65,115373,157],{"class":79},[65,115375,115376,115379,115381,115383,115385,115388,115390,115392],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115377,115378],{"class":71},"deep ",[65,115380,76],{"class":75},[65,115382,115363],{"class":71},[65,115384,144],{"class":79},[65,115386,115387],{"class":147},"deepcopy",[65,115389,151],{"class":79},[65,115391,11708],{"class":147},[65,115393,157],{"class":79},[65,115395,115396],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,115397,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115399,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,115401,11708],{"class":71},[65,115403,3469],{"class":79},[65,115405,1688],{"class":83},[65,115407,13124],{"class":79},[65,115409,13127],{"class":147},[65,115411,151],{"class":79},[65,115413,55933],{"class":83},[65,115415,157],{"class":79},[65,115417,115418],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,115419,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115421,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,115423,164],{"class":163},[65,115425,151],{"class":79},[65,115427,11708],{"class":147},[65,115429,172],{"class":79},[65,115431,115432],{"class":175},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[65,115434,115435,115437,115439,115442,115444],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,115436,164],{"class":163},[65,115438,151],{"class":79},[65,115440,115441],{"class":147},"shallow",[65,115443,172],{"class":79},[65,115445,115446],{"class":175},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[65,115448,115449,115451,115453,115456,115458],{"class":67,"line":11169},[65,115450,164],{"class":163},[65,115452,151],{"class":79},[65,115454,115455],{"class":147},"deep",[65,115457,172],{"class":79},[65,115459,115460],{"class":175},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115462,1660,115463,115466,115467,634,115469,115472],{},[15,115464,115465],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[43,115468,12426],{},[15,115470,115471],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[51,115474,115476],{"id":115475},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,115478,115479,115482,115485,115488,115491],{},[36,115480,115481],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,115483,115484],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,115486,115487],{},"How deep copy works",[36,115489,115490],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,115492,115493],{},"When to use each approach",[51,115495,115497],{"id":115496},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115499,14764,115500,115502,115503,115505],{},[43,115501,12426],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[43,115504,45],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115507,1675],{},[33,115509,115510,115513,115516],{},[36,115511,115512],{},"the outer container is new",[36,115514,115515],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,115517,115518],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115520,267],{},[56,115522,115524],{"className":58,"code":115523,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115525,115526,115552,115566,115570,115588,115592,115605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115527,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115529,11661],{"class":71},[65,115531,76],{"class":75},[65,115533,55880],{"class":79},[65,115535,84],{"class":83},[65,115537,87],{"class":79},[65,115539,90],{"class":83},[65,115541,17637],{"class":79},[65,115543,1339],{"class":79},[65,115545,111],{"class":83},[65,115547,87],{"class":79},[65,115549,116],{"class":83},[65,115551,52828],{"class":79},[65,115553,115554,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115555,13886],{"class":71},[65,115557,76],{"class":75},[65,115559,11736],{"class":71},[65,115561,144],{"class":79},[65,115563,12487],{"class":147},[65,115565,8220],{"class":79},[65,115567,115568],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115569,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115571,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115573,13905],{"class":71},[65,115575,144],{"class":79},[65,115577,13127],{"class":147},[65,115579,2552],{"class":79},[65,115581,1705],{"class":83},[65,115583,87],{"class":79},[65,115585,37224],{"class":83},[65,115587,3457],{"class":79},[65,115589,115590],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115591,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115593,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,115595,164],{"class":163},[65,115597,151],{"class":79},[65,115599,11708],{"class":147},[65,115601,172],{"class":79},[65,115603,115604],{"class":175},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[65,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,115608,164],{"class":163},[65,115610,151],{"class":79},[65,115612,13905],{"class":147},[65,115614,172],{"class":79},[65,115616,115617],{"class":175},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115619,115620,115621,115623],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115622,13905],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115625,115626],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[56,115628,115630],{"className":58,"code":115629,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115631,115632,115658,115672,115676,115694,115698,115710],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115633,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115635,11661],{"class":71},[65,115637,76],{"class":75},[65,115639,55880],{"class":79},[65,115641,84],{"class":83},[65,115643,87],{"class":79},[65,115645,90],{"class":83},[65,115647,17637],{"class":79},[65,115649,1339],{"class":79},[65,115651,111],{"class":83},[65,115653,87],{"class":79},[65,115655,116],{"class":83},[65,115657,52828],{"class":79},[65,115659,115660,115662,115664,115666,115668,115670],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115661,13886],{"class":71},[65,115663,76],{"class":75},[65,115665,11736],{"class":71},[65,115667,144],{"class":79},[65,115669,12487],{"class":147},[65,115671,8220],{"class":79},[65,115673,115674],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115675,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115677,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115679,13905],{"class":71},[65,115681,3469],{"class":79},[65,115683,1688],{"class":83},[65,115685,13124],{"class":79},[65,115687,13127],{"class":147},[65,115689,151],{"class":79},[65,115691,55933],{"class":83},[65,115693,157],{"class":79},[65,115695,115696],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115697,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115699,115700,115702,115704,115706,115708],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,115701,164],{"class":163},[65,115703,151],{"class":79},[65,115705,11708],{"class":147},[65,115707,172],{"class":79},[65,115709,115432],{"class":175},[65,115711,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,115713,164],{"class":163},[65,115715,151],{"class":79},[65,115717,13905],{"class":147},[65,115719,172],{"class":79},[65,115721,115722],{"class":175},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115724,115725,115726,634,115728,115731],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115727,56037],{},[15,115729,115730],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115733,115734,115735,144],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[210,115736,43520],{"href":11640},[51,115738,115740],{"id":115739},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115742,14764,115743,115745],{},[43,115744,115305],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115747,1675],{},[33,115749,115750,115752,115755],{},[36,115751,115512],{},[36,115753,115754],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,115756,115757],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115759,267],{},[56,115761,115763],{"className":58,"code":115762,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115764,115765,115771,115775,115801,115819,115823,115841,115845,115857],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115766,115767,115769],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115768,34669],{"class":3444},[65,115770,115323],{"class":71},[65,115772,115773],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115774,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115776,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115778,11661],{"class":71},[65,115780,76],{"class":75},[65,115782,55880],{"class":79},[65,115784,84],{"class":83},[65,115786,87],{"class":79},[65,115788,90],{"class":83},[65,115790,17637],{"class":79},[65,115792,1339],{"class":79},[65,115794,111],{"class":83},[65,115796,87],{"class":79},[65,115798,116],{"class":83},[65,115800,52828],{"class":79},[65,115802,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115804,13886],{"class":71},[65,115806,76],{"class":75},[65,115808,115363],{"class":71},[65,115810,144],{"class":79},[65,115812,115387],{"class":147},[65,115814,151],{"class":79},[65,115816,11708],{"class":147},[65,115818,157],{"class":79},[65,115820,115821],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115822,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,115826,13905],{"class":71},[65,115828,3469],{"class":79},[65,115830,1688],{"class":83},[65,115832,13124],{"class":79},[65,115834,13127],{"class":147},[65,115836,151],{"class":79},[65,115838,55933],{"class":83},[65,115840,157],{"class":79},[65,115842,115843],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,115844,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115846,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,115848,164],{"class":163},[65,115850,151],{"class":79},[65,115852,11708],{"class":147},[65,115854,172],{"class":79},[65,115856,115604],{"class":175},[65,115858,115859,115861,115863,115865,115867],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,115860,164],{"class":163},[65,115862,151],{"class":79},[65,115864,13905],{"class":147},[65,115866,172],{"class":79},[65,115868,115722],{"class":175},[20,115870,115871,115872,115874,115875,144],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115873,115730],{}," does not change ",[15,115876,56037],{},[51,115878,115880],{"id":115879},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115882,115883],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115885,115886],{},"Common reasons:",[33,115888,115889,115892,115895,115901],{},[36,115890,115891],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,115893,115894],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,115896,115897,115898,115900],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115899,76],{}," does not make a copy",[36,115902,115903],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115905,115906,115907,115909],{},"For example, this does ",[43,115908,45],{}," create a copy:",[56,115911,115913],{"className":58,"code":115912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115914,115915,115935,115943,115947,115961,115965,115977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115916,115917,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115918,11661],{"class":71},[65,115920,76],{"class":75},[65,115922,1339],{"class":79},[65,115924,84],{"class":83},[65,115926,87],{"class":79},[65,115928,90],{"class":83},[65,115930,87],{"class":79},[65,115932,95],{"class":83},[65,115934,1352],{"class":79},[65,115936,115937,115939,115941],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,115938,13886],{"class":71},[65,115940,76],{"class":75},[65,115942,11699],{"class":71},[65,115944,115945],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,115946,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115948,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115950,13905],{"class":71},[65,115952,144],{"class":79},[65,115954,13127],{"class":147},[65,115956,151],{"class":79},[65,115958,2072],{"class":83},[65,115960,157],{"class":79},[65,115962,115963],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,115964,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,115968,164],{"class":163},[65,115970,151],{"class":79},[65,115972,11708],{"class":147},[65,115974,172],{"class":79},[65,115976,55287],{"class":175},[65,115978,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,115980,164],{"class":163},[65,115982,151],{"class":79},[65,115984,13905],{"class":147},[65,115986,172],{"class":79},[65,115988,115989],{"class":175},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115991,115992],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[51,115994,115996],{"id":115995},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115998,115999],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1286,116001,116003],{"id":116002},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116005,116006],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[56,116008,116010],{"className":58,"code":116009,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116011,116012,116038,116046,116050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116013,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116015,11661],{"class":71},[65,116017,76],{"class":75},[65,116019,55880],{"class":79},[65,116021,84],{"class":83},[65,116023,87],{"class":79},[65,116025,90],{"class":83},[65,116027,17637],{"class":79},[65,116029,1339],{"class":79},[65,116031,111],{"class":83},[65,116033,87],{"class":79},[65,116035,116],{"class":83},[65,116037,52828],{"class":79},[65,116039,116040,116042,116044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116041,13677],{"class":71},[65,116043,76],{"class":75},[65,116045,11699],{"class":71},[65,116047,116048],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116049,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116051,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116053,164],{"class":163},[65,116055,151],{"class":79},[65,116057,11661],{"class":147},[65,116059,11769],{"class":3444},[65,116061,13745],{"class":147},[65,116063,172],{"class":79},[65,116065,3230],{"class":175},[20,116067,116068],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1286,116070,116072],{"id":116071},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116074,116075],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[56,116077,116079],{"className":58,"code":116078,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116080,116081,116107,116121,116125,116142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116084,11661],{"class":71},[65,116086,76],{"class":75},[65,116088,55880],{"class":79},[65,116090,84],{"class":83},[65,116092,87],{"class":79},[65,116094,90],{"class":83},[65,116096,17637],{"class":79},[65,116098,1339],{"class":79},[65,116100,111],{"class":83},[65,116102,87],{"class":79},[65,116104,116],{"class":83},[65,116106,52828],{"class":79},[65,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116110,115358],{"class":71},[65,116112,76],{"class":75},[65,116114,11736],{"class":71},[65,116116,144],{"class":79},[65,116118,12487],{"class":147},[65,116120,8220],{"class":79},[65,116122,116123],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116124,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116126,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116138,116140],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116128,164],{"class":163},[65,116130,151],{"class":79},[65,116132,11661],{"class":147},[65,116134,11769],{"class":3444},[65,116136,116137],{"class":147}," shallow",[65,116139,172],{"class":79},[65,116141,20776],{"class":175},[65,116143,116144,116146,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116145,164],{"class":163},[65,116147,151],{"class":79},[65,116149,11708],{"class":147},[65,116151,3469],{"class":79},[65,116153,1688],{"class":83},[65,116155,12848],{"class":79},[65,116157,7672],{"class":3444},[65,116159,116137],{"class":147},[65,116161,3469],{"class":79},[65,116163,1688],{"class":83},[65,116165,20021],{"class":79},[65,116167,3230],{"class":175},[1286,116169,116171],{"id":116170},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116173,116174],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[56,116176,116178],{"className":58,"code":116177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116179,116180,116186,116190,116216,116234,116238,116256],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116181,116182,116184],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116183,34669],{"class":3444},[65,116185,115323],{"class":71},[65,116187,116188],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116189,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116193,11661],{"class":71},[65,116195,76],{"class":75},[65,116197,55880],{"class":79},[65,116199,84],{"class":83},[65,116201,87],{"class":79},[65,116203,90],{"class":83},[65,116205,17637],{"class":79},[65,116207,1339],{"class":79},[65,116209,111],{"class":83},[65,116211,87],{"class":79},[65,116213,116],{"class":83},[65,116215,52828],{"class":79},[65,116217,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116219,115378],{"class":71},[65,116221,76],{"class":75},[65,116223,115363],{"class":71},[65,116225,144],{"class":79},[65,116227,115387],{"class":147},[65,116229,151],{"class":79},[65,116231,11708],{"class":147},[65,116233,157],{"class":79},[65,116235,116236],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116237,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116251,116253],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,116241,164],{"class":163},[65,116243,151],{"class":79},[65,116245,11661],{"class":147},[65,116247,11769],{"class":3444},[65,116249,116250],{"class":147}," deep",[65,116252,172],{"class":79},[65,116254,116255],{"class":175},"         # False\n",[65,116257,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,116259,164],{"class":163},[65,116261,151],{"class":79},[65,116263,11708],{"class":147},[65,116265,3469],{"class":79},[65,116267,1688],{"class":83},[65,116269,12848],{"class":79},[65,116271,7672],{"class":3444},[65,116273,116250],{"class":147},[65,116275,3469],{"class":79},[65,116277,1688],{"class":83},[65,116279,20021],{"class":79},[65,116281,43456],{"class":175},[51,116283,116285],{"id":116284},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116287,116288,116289,191],{},"These all make ",[43,116290,116291],{},"shallow copies",[33,116293,116294,116298,116302,116307,116313],{},[36,116295,116296],{},[15,116297,55187],{},[36,116299,116300],{},[15,116301,12010],{},[36,116303,116304],{},[15,116305,116306],{},"set.copy()",[36,116308,116309,116310],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116311,116312],{},"my_list[:]",[36,116314,116315,116317,116318,34659],{},[15,116316,115465],{}," from the ",[15,116319,12487],{},[20,116321,1694],{},[56,116323,116325],{"className":58,"code":116324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116326,116327,116347,116351,116365,116376,116380,116392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116328,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116330,3185],{"class":71},[65,116332,76],{"class":75},[65,116334,1339],{"class":79},[65,116336,84],{"class":83},[65,116338,87],{"class":79},[65,116340,90],{"class":83},[65,116342,87],{"class":79},[65,116344,95],{"class":83},[65,116346,1352],{"class":79},[65,116348,116349],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116350,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116354,72],{"class":71},[65,116356,76],{"class":75},[65,116358,3833],{"class":71},[65,116360,144],{"class":79},[65,116362,12487],{"class":147},[65,116364,8220],{"class":79},[65,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116368,104],{"class":71},[65,116370,76],{"class":75},[65,116372,3833],{"class":71},[65,116374,116375],{"class":79},"[:]\n",[65,116377,116378],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116379,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116381,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,116383,164],{"class":163},[65,116385,151],{"class":79},[65,116387,210],{"class":147},[65,116389,172],{"class":79},[65,116391,54518],{"class":175},[65,116393,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,116395,164],{"class":163},[65,116397,151],{"class":79},[65,116399,154],{"class":147},[65,116401,172],{"class":79},[65,116403,54518],{"class":175},[20,116405,72724,116406,47118,116410,144],{},[210,116407,116408,1474],{"href":54546},[15,116409,55187],{},[210,116411,116412,1474],{"href":12007},[15,116413,12010],{},[51,116415,116417],{"id":116416},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116419,116420],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,116422,116423,116426,116429],{},[36,116424,116425],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,116427,116428],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,116430,116431],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116433,116434],{},"Example with a flat list:",[56,116436,116438],{"className":58,"code":116437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116439,116440,116460,116474,116478,116492,116496,116508],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116441,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116443,11661],{"class":71},[65,116445,76],{"class":75},[65,116447,1339],{"class":79},[65,116449,84],{"class":83},[65,116451,87],{"class":79},[65,116453,90],{"class":83},[65,116455,87],{"class":79},[65,116457,95],{"class":83},[65,116459,1352],{"class":79},[65,116461,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116463,13886],{"class":71},[65,116465,76],{"class":75},[65,116467,11736],{"class":71},[65,116469,144],{"class":79},[65,116471,12487],{"class":147},[65,116473,8220],{"class":79},[65,116475,116476],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116477,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116479,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116481,13905],{"class":71},[65,116483,144],{"class":79},[65,116485,13127],{"class":147},[65,116487,151],{"class":79},[65,116489,2072],{"class":83},[65,116491,157],{"class":79},[65,116493,116494],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116495,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116497,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,116499,164],{"class":163},[65,116501,151],{"class":79},[65,116503,11708],{"class":147},[65,116505,172],{"class":79},[65,116507,54518],{"class":175},[65,116509,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,116511,164],{"class":163},[65,116513,151],{"class":79},[65,116515,13905],{"class":147},[65,116517,172],{"class":79},[65,116519,115989],{"class":175},[20,116521,116522],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116524,116525,116526,144],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[210,116527,14463],{"href":56805},[51,116529,116531],{"id":116530},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116533,116534],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,116536,116537,116540,116543],{},[36,116538,116539],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,116541,116542],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,116544,116545],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116547,116548],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[56,116550,116552],{"className":58,"code":116551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116553,116554,116560,116564,116590,116604,116622,116626,116648,116652,116665,116678],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116555,116556,116558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116557,34669],{"class":3444},[65,116559,115323],{"class":71},[65,116561,116562],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116563,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116565,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116567,11661],{"class":71},[65,116569,76],{"class":75},[65,116571,80],{"class":79},[65,116573,488],{"class":487},[65,116575,15964],{"class":491},[65,116577,488],{"class":487},[65,116579,191],{"class":79},[65,116581,1339],{"class":79},[65,116583,1898],{"class":83},[65,116585,87],{"class":79},[65,116587,7364],{"class":83},[65,116589,13280],{"class":79},[65,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116593,115358],{"class":71},[65,116595,76],{"class":75},[65,116597,11736],{"class":71},[65,116599,144],{"class":79},[65,116601,12487],{"class":147},[65,116603,8220],{"class":79},[65,116605,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116607,115378],{"class":71},[65,116609,76],{"class":75},[65,116611,115363],{"class":71},[65,116613,144],{"class":79},[65,116615,115387],{"class":147},[65,116617,151],{"class":79},[65,116619,11708],{"class":147},[65,116621,157],{"class":79},[65,116623,116624],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,116625,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116627,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,116629,11708],{"class":71},[65,116631,3469],{"class":79},[65,116633,488],{"class":487},[65,116635,15964],{"class":491},[65,116637,488],{"class":487},[65,116639,13124],{"class":79},[65,116641,13127],{"class":147},[65,116643,151],{"class":79},[65,116645,36421],{"class":83},[65,116647,157],{"class":79},[65,116649,116650],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,116651,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,116655,164],{"class":163},[65,116657,151],{"class":79},[65,116659,11708],{"class":147},[65,116661,172],{"class":79},[65,116663,116664],{"class":175},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[65,116666,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675],{"class":67,"line":6007},[65,116668,164],{"class":163},[65,116670,151],{"class":79},[65,116672,115441],{"class":147},[65,116674,172],{"class":79},[65,116676,116677],{"class":175},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[65,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688],{"class":67,"line":11169},[65,116681,164],{"class":163},[65,116683,151],{"class":79},[65,116685,115455],{"class":147},[65,116687,172],{"class":79},[65,116689,116690],{"class":175},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116692,116693],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[51,116695,116697],{"id":116696},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116699,116700],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,116702,116703,116706,116709,116712],{},[36,116704,116705],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,116707,116708],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,116710,116711],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,116713,116714],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116716,116717],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[56,116719,116721],{"className":58,"code":116720,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116722,116723,116731,116739,116743,116751,116755,116767],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116724,116725,116727,116729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116726,72],{"class":71},[65,116728,76],{"class":75},[65,116730,2153],{"class":83},[65,116732,116733,116735,116737],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116734,104],{"class":71},[65,116736,76],{"class":75},[65,116738,35755],{"class":71},[65,116740,116741],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116742,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116744,116745,116747,116749],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116746,104],{"class":71},[65,116748,76],{"class":75},[65,116750,14189],{"class":83},[65,116752,116753],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116754,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,116756,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,116758,164],{"class":163},[65,116760,151],{"class":79},[65,116762,210],{"class":147},[65,116764,172],{"class":79},[65,116766,26371],{"class":175},[65,116768,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,116770,164],{"class":163},[65,116772,151],{"class":79},[65,116774,154],{"class":147},[65,116776,172],{"class":79},[65,116778,27191],{"class":175},[20,116780,93092,116781,116784],{},[210,116782,116783],{"href":11640},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[51,116786,2396],{"id":2395},[20,116788,116789],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,116791,116792,116796,116801,116806,116809],{},[36,116793,7994,116794,56370],{},[15,116795,76],{},[36,116797,7994,116798,116800],{},[15,116799,55187],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,116802,7994,116803,116805],{},[15,116804,12010],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,116807,116808],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,116810,116811],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116813,116814],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[56,116816,116818],{"className":58,"code":116817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116819,116820,116834,116848,116870,116901],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116823,164],{"class":163},[65,116825,151],{"class":79},[65,116827,11661],{"class":147},[65,116829,11769],{"class":3444},[65,116831,13959],{"class":147},[65,116833,157],{"class":79},[65,116835,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,116837,164],{"class":163},[65,116839,151],{"class":79},[65,116841,11661],{"class":147},[65,116843,4256],{"class":75},[65,116845,13959],{"class":147},[65,116847,157],{"class":79},[65,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,116851,164],{"class":163},[65,116853,151],{"class":79},[65,116855,12225],{"class":163},[65,116857,151],{"class":79},[65,116859,11708],{"class":147},[65,116861,8812],{"class":79},[65,116863,14391],{"class":163},[65,116865,151],{"class":79},[65,116867,13905],{"class":147},[65,116869,1028],{"class":79},[65,116871,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116873,164],{"class":163},[65,116875,151],{"class":79},[65,116877,12225],{"class":163},[65,116879,151],{"class":79},[65,116881,11708],{"class":147},[65,116883,3469],{"class":79},[65,116885,1688],{"class":83},[65,116887,116888],{"class":79},"]),",[65,116890,14391],{"class":163},[65,116892,151],{"class":79},[65,116894,13905],{"class":147},[65,116896,3469],{"class":79},[65,116898,1688],{"class":83},[65,116900,2565],{"class":79},[65,116902,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,116904,164],{"class":163},[65,116906,151],{"class":79},[65,116908,1260],{"class":1259},[65,116910,151],{"class":79},[65,116912,11708],{"class":147},[65,116914,1028],{"class":79},[20,116916,116917],{},"What they tell you:",[33,116919,116920,116925,116930,116935,116945],{},[36,116921,116922,116924],{},[15,116923,11769],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,116926,116927,116929],{},[15,116928,4256],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,116931,116932,116934],{},[15,116933,43072],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,116936,116937,116938,634,116941,116944],{},"comparing ",[15,116939,116940],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116942,116943],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,116946,116947,116949],{},[15,116948,1869],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[51,116951,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,116953,116955],{"id":116954},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116957,116958],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1286,116960,56854],{"id":56770},[20,116962,116963],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1286,116965,116967],{"id":116966},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116969,116970],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1286,116972,116974],{"id":116973},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116976,116977],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1286,116979,116981],{"id":116980},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116983,116984],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[51,116986,1455],{"id":1454},[33,116988,116989,116994,117000,117006,117010],{},[36,116990,116991],{},[210,116992,116993],{"href":11640},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,116995,116996],{},[210,116997,3143,116998,1474],{"href":54546},[15,116999,55187],{},[36,117001,117002],{},[210,117003,3143,117004,1474],{"href":12007},[15,117005,12010],{},[36,117007,117008],{},[210,117009,14540],{"href":56805},[36,117011,117012],{},[210,117013,117014],{"href":58079},"What is a list in Python?",[1499,117016,117017],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":117019},[117020,117021,117022,117023,117024,117025,117030,117031,117032,117033,117034,117035,117042],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":115475,"depth":101,"text":115476},{"id":115496,"depth":101,"text":115497},{"id":115739,"depth":101,"text":115740},{"id":115879,"depth":101,"text":115880},{"id":115995,"depth":101,"text":115996,"children":117026},[117027,117028,117029],{"id":116002,"depth":126,"text":116003},{"id":116071,"depth":126,"text":116072},{"id":116170,"depth":126,"text":116171},{"id":116284,"depth":101,"text":116285},{"id":116416,"depth":101,"text":116417},{"id":116530,"depth":101,"text":116531},{"id":116696,"depth":101,"text":116697},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":117036},[117037,117038,117039,117040,117041],{"id":116954,"depth":126,"text":116955},{"id":56770,"depth":126,"text":56854},{"id":116966,"depth":126,"text":116967},{"id":116973,"depth":126,"text":116974},{"id":116980,"depth":126,"text":116981},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115276,"description":117043},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117049,"title":117050,"body":117051,"description":118908,"extension":1528,"meta":118909,"navigation":129,"path":118910,"seo":118911,"stem":118912,"__hash__":118913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117052,"toc":118866},[117053,117058,117063,117071,117073,117141,117146,117151,117166,117169,117171,117202,117204,117224,117227,117242,117244,117247,117320,117322,117367,117369,117380,117385,117389,117394,117397,117436,117438,117458,117461,117518,117520,117555,117558,117597,117599,117619,117622,117653,117655,117711,117713,117718,117789,117791,117824,117829,117834,117899,117901,117938,117941,118018,118020,118080,118087,118092,118095,118098,118179,118181,118222,118227,118230,118308,118310,118343,118352,118359,118362,118373,118376,118387,118391,118399,118408,118412,118417,118421,118426,118469,118472,118478,118481,118483,118530,118535,118539,118542,118591,118593,118614,118617,118619,118644,118647,118768,118773,118775,118780,118783,118788,118791,118799,118804,118811,118814,118822,118825,118827,118863],[10,117054,3143,117056,3147],{"id":117055},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117057,74008],{},[20,117059,117060,117062],{},[15,117061,74008],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117064,117065,117066,1491,117068,117070],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117067,77451],{},[15,117069,74008],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[51,117072,54],{"id":53},[56,117074,117076],{"className":58,"code":117075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117077,117078,117098,117112,117116,117128],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117079,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117081,3185],{"class":71},[65,117083,76],{"class":75},[65,117085,1339],{"class":79},[65,117087,111],{"class":83},[65,117089,87],{"class":79},[65,117091,5066],{"class":83},[65,117093,87],{"class":79},[65,117095,90],{"class":83},[65,117097,1352],{"class":79},[65,117099,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117101,136],{"class":71},[65,117103,76],{"class":75},[65,117105,74142],{"class":163},[65,117107,151],{"class":79},[65,117109,3215],{"class":147},[65,117111,157],{"class":79},[65,117113,117114],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,117115,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,117117,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117119,164],{"class":163},[65,117121,151],{"class":79},[65,117123,169],{"class":147},[65,117125,172],{"class":79},[65,117127,55274],{"class":175},[65,117129,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,117131,164],{"class":163},[65,117133,151],{"class":79},[65,117135,3215],{"class":147},[65,117137,172],{"class":79},[65,117139,117140],{"class":175},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117142,117143,117145],{},[15,117144,74008],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[51,117147,183,117149,186],{"id":117148},"what-sorted-does",[15,117150,74008],{},[33,117152,117153,117157,117160,117163],{},[36,117154,117155,62510],{},[15,117156,74008],{},[36,117158,117159],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,117161,117162],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,117164,117165],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117167,117168],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[51,117170,222],{"id":221},[56,117172,117174],{"className":58,"code":117173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117175,117176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117177,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117179,74098],{"class":163},[65,117181,151],{"class":79},[65,117183,3286],{"class":147},[65,117185,87],{"class":79},[65,117187,21154],{"class":8754},[65,117189,76],{"class":75},[65,117191,3344],{"class":3419},[65,117193,87],{"class":79},[65,117195,77654],{"class":8754},[65,117197,76],{"class":75},[65,117199,3240],{"class":3419},[65,117201,157],{"class":79},[1286,117203,16970],{"id":16969},[33,117205,117206,117211,117216],{},[36,117207,117208,117210],{},[15,117209,3286],{},": the values to sort",[36,117212,117213,117215],{},[15,117214,14416],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,117217,117218,117220,117221,117223],{},[15,117219,73161],{},": set to ",[15,117222,3172],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117225,117226],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[56,117228,117230],{"className":58,"code":117229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117231,117232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117233,117234,117236,117238,117240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117235,74098],{"class":163},[65,117237,151],{"class":79},[65,117239,59892],{"class":147},[65,117241,157],{"class":79},[51,117243,467],{"id":466},[20,117245,117246],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[56,117248,117250],{"className":58,"code":117249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117251,117252,117276,117280,117295,117299,117310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117253,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117255,3185],{"class":71},[65,117257,76],{"class":75},[65,117259,1339],{"class":79},[65,117261,1705],{"class":83},[65,117263,87],{"class":79},[65,117265,90],{"class":83},[65,117267,87],{"class":79},[65,117269,5929],{"class":83},[65,117271,87],{"class":79},[65,117273,5066],{"class":83},[65,117275,1352],{"class":79},[65,117277,117278],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117279,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,117281,117282,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,117283,117284],{"class":71},"sorted_numbers ",[65,117286,76],{"class":75},[65,117288,74142],{"class":163},[65,117290,151],{"class":79},[65,117292,3215],{"class":147},[65,117294,157],{"class":79},[65,117296,117297],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117298,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,117300,117301,117303,117305,117308],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,117302,164],{"class":163},[65,117304,151],{"class":79},[65,117306,117307],{"class":147},"sorted_numbers",[65,117309,157],{"class":79},[65,117311,117312,117314,117316,117318],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,117313,164],{"class":163},[65,117315,151],{"class":79},[65,117317,3215],{"class":147},[65,117319,157],{"class":79},[20,117321,350],{},[56,117323,117325],{"className":58,"code":117324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117326,117327,117347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117328,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117330,3469],{"class":79},[65,117332,84],{"class":83},[65,117334,87],{"class":79},[65,117336,90],{"class":83},[65,117338,87],{"class":79},[65,117340,121],{"class":83},[65,117342,87],{"class":79},[65,117344,5929],{"class":83},[65,117346,1352],{"class":79},[65,117348,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117350,3469],{"class":79},[65,117352,1705],{"class":83},[65,117354,87],{"class":79},[65,117356,90],{"class":83},[65,117358,87],{"class":79},[65,117360,5929],{"class":83},[65,117362,87],{"class":79},[65,117364,5066],{"class":83},[65,117366,1352],{"class":79},[20,117368,13337],{},[33,117370,117371,117376],{},[36,117372,117373,117375],{},[15,117374,117307],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,117377,117378,111912],{},[15,117379,3215],{},[20,117381,117382,117383,144],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[210,117384,77961],{"href":77960},[51,117386,117388],{"id":117387},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117390,117391,117393],{},[15,117392,74008],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1286,117395,117396],{"id":7669},"List",[56,117398,117400],{"className":58,"code":117399,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117401,117402,117422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117403,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117405,3185],{"class":71},[65,117407,76],{"class":75},[65,117409,1339],{"class":79},[65,117411,111],{"class":83},[65,117413,87],{"class":79},[65,117415,5066],{"class":83},[65,117417,87],{"class":79},[65,117419,90],{"class":83},[65,117421,1352],{"class":79},[65,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117425,164],{"class":163},[65,117427,151],{"class":79},[65,117429,74098],{"class":163},[65,117431,151],{"class":79},[65,117433,3215],{"class":147},[65,117435,1028],{"class":79},[20,117437,350],{},[56,117439,117440],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,117441,117442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117445,3469],{"class":79},[65,117447,84],{"class":83},[65,117449,87],{"class":79},[65,117451,90],{"class":83},[65,117453,87],{"class":79},[65,117455,95],{"class":83},[65,117457,1352],{"class":79},[1286,117459,117460],{"id":48538},"Tuple",[56,117462,117464],{"className":58,"code":117463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117465,117466,117486,117500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117467,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117469,3389],{"class":71},[65,117471,76],{"class":75},[65,117473,8815],{"class":79},[65,117475,111],{"class":83},[65,117477,87],{"class":79},[65,117479,5066],{"class":83},[65,117481,87],{"class":79},[65,117483,90],{"class":83},[65,117485,157],{"class":79},[65,117487,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117489,164],{"class":163},[65,117491,151],{"class":79},[65,117493,74098],{"class":163},[65,117495,151],{"class":79},[65,117497,4928],{"class":147},[65,117499,1028],{"class":79},[65,117501,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,117503,164],{"class":163},[65,117505,151],{"class":79},[65,117507,1260],{"class":1259},[65,117509,151],{"class":79},[65,117511,74098],{"class":163},[65,117513,151],{"class":79},[65,117515,4928],{"class":147},[65,117517,2478],{"class":79},[20,117519,350],{},[56,117521,117523],{"className":58,"code":117522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117524,117525,117541],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117526,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117528,3469],{"class":79},[65,117530,84],{"class":83},[65,117532,87],{"class":79},[65,117534,90],{"class":83},[65,117536,87],{"class":79},[65,117538,95],{"class":83},[65,117540,1352],{"class":79},[65,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117544,2857],{"class":75},[65,117546,2860],{"class":1632},[65,117548,603],{"class":487},[65,117550,7669],{"class":491},[65,117552,594],{"class":487},[65,117554,2869],{"class":75},[1286,117556,117557],{"id":1401},"Set",[56,117559,117561],{"className":58,"code":117560,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117562,117563,117583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117564,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117566,3389],{"class":71},[65,117568,76],{"class":75},[65,117570,80],{"class":79},[65,117572,111],{"class":83},[65,117574,87],{"class":79},[65,117576,5066],{"class":83},[65,117578,87],{"class":79},[65,117580,90],{"class":83},[65,117582,98],{"class":79},[65,117584,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117586,164],{"class":163},[65,117588,151],{"class":79},[65,117590,74098],{"class":163},[65,117592,151],{"class":79},[65,117594,4928],{"class":147},[65,117596,1028],{"class":79},[20,117598,350],{},[56,117600,117601],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,117602,117603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117604,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117606,3469],{"class":79},[65,117608,84],{"class":83},[65,117610,87],{"class":79},[65,117612,90],{"class":83},[65,117614,87],{"class":79},[65,117616,95],{"class":83},[65,117618,1352],{"class":79},[1286,117620,117621],{"id":60759},"String",[56,117623,117625],{"className":58,"code":117624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117626,117627,117639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117628,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117630,34265],{"class":71},[65,117632,76],{"class":75},[65,117634,499],{"class":487},[65,117636,60],{"class":491},[65,117638,2925],{"class":487},[65,117640,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117642,164],{"class":163},[65,117644,151],{"class":79},[65,117646,74098],{"class":163},[65,117648,151],{"class":79},[65,117650,34286],{"class":147},[65,117652,1028],{"class":79},[20,117654,350],{},[56,117656,117657],{"className":58,"code":78978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,117658,117659],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117662,3469],{"class":79},[65,117664,594],{"class":487},[65,117666,60023],{"class":491},[65,117668,594],{"class":487},[65,117670,87],{"class":79},[65,117672,603],{"class":487},[65,117674,75614],{"class":491},[65,117676,594],{"class":487},[65,117678,87],{"class":79},[65,117680,603],{"class":487},[65,117682,60058],{"class":491},[65,117684,594],{"class":487},[65,117686,87],{"class":79},[65,117688,603],{"class":487},[65,117690,20],{"class":491},[65,117692,594],{"class":487},[65,117694,87],{"class":79},[65,117696,603],{"class":487},[65,117698,62871],{"class":491},[65,117700,594],{"class":487},[65,117702,87],{"class":79},[65,117704,603],{"class":487},[65,117706,11320],{"class":491},[65,117708,594],{"class":487},[65,117710,1352],{"class":79},[1286,117712,28798],{"id":15180},[20,117714,63124,117715,117717],{},[15,117716,74008],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[56,117719,117721],{"className":58,"code":117720,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117722,117723,117775],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117724,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117726,12779],{"class":71},[65,117728,76],{"class":75},[65,117730,80],{"class":79},[65,117732,488],{"class":487},[65,117734,7241],{"class":491},[65,117736,488],{"class":487},[65,117738,191],{"class":79},[65,117740,499],{"class":487},[65,117742,12456],{"class":491},[65,117744,488],{"class":487},[65,117746,87],{"class":79},[65,117748,499],{"class":487},[65,117750,8877],{"class":491},[65,117752,488],{"class":487},[65,117754,191],{"class":79},[65,117756,7364],{"class":83},[65,117758,87],{"class":79},[65,117760,499],{"class":487},[65,117762,9986],{"class":491},[65,117764,488],{"class":487},[65,117766,191],{"class":79},[65,117768,499],{"class":487},[65,117770,15606],{"class":491},[65,117772,488],{"class":487},[65,117774,98],{"class":79},[65,117776,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117778,164],{"class":163},[65,117780,151],{"class":79},[65,117782,74098],{"class":163},[65,117784,151],{"class":79},[65,117786,16882],{"class":147},[65,117788,1028],{"class":79},[20,117790,350],{},[56,117792,117794],{"className":58,"code":117793,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117795,117796],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117797,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117799,3469],{"class":79},[65,117801,594],{"class":487},[65,117803,8877],{"class":491},[65,117805,594],{"class":487},[65,117807,87],{"class":79},[65,117809,603],{"class":487},[65,117811,9986],{"class":491},[65,117813,594],{"class":487},[65,117815,87],{"class":79},[65,117817,603],{"class":487},[65,117819,7241],{"class":491},[65,117821,594],{"class":487},[65,117823,1352],{"class":79},[51,117825,7994,117827],{"id":117826},"using-reversetrue",[15,117828,77675],{},[20,117830,1660,117831,117833],{},[15,117832,77675],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[56,117835,117837],{"className":58,"code":117836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117838,117839,117859,117863,117877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117840,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117842,3185],{"class":71},[65,117844,76],{"class":75},[65,117846,1339],{"class":79},[65,117848,111],{"class":83},[65,117850,87],{"class":79},[65,117852,5066],{"class":83},[65,117854,87],{"class":79},[65,117856,90],{"class":83},[65,117858,1352],{"class":79},[65,117860,117861],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117862,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,117864,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,117866,164],{"class":163},[65,117868,151],{"class":79},[65,117870,74098],{"class":163},[65,117872,151],{"class":79},[65,117874,3215],{"class":147},[65,117876,1028],{"class":79},[65,117878,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117880,164],{"class":163},[65,117882,151],{"class":79},[65,117884,74098],{"class":163},[65,117886,151],{"class":79},[65,117888,3215],{"class":147},[65,117890,87],{"class":79},[65,117892,77654],{"class":8754},[65,117894,76],{"class":75},[65,117896,3172],{"class":3419},[65,117898,1028],{"class":79},[20,117900,350],{},[56,117902,117904],{"className":58,"code":117903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117905,117906,117922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117907,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117909,3469],{"class":79},[65,117911,84],{"class":83},[65,117913,87],{"class":79},[65,117915,90],{"class":83},[65,117917,87],{"class":79},[65,117919,95],{"class":83},[65,117921,1352],{"class":79},[65,117923,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117925,3469],{"class":79},[65,117927,111],{"class":83},[65,117929,87],{"class":79},[65,117931,90],{"class":83},[65,117933,87],{"class":79},[65,117935,5066],{"class":83},[65,117937,1352],{"class":79},[20,117939,117940],{},"This also works with strings:",[56,117942,117944],{"className":58,"code":117943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117945,117946,117978,117982,117996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117947,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117949,3639],{"class":71},[65,117951,76],{"class":75},[65,117953,1339],{"class":79},[65,117955,488],{"class":487},[65,117957,3648],{"class":491},[65,117959,488],{"class":487},[65,117961,87],{"class":79},[65,117963,499],{"class":487},[65,117965,3657],{"class":491},[65,117967,488],{"class":487},[65,117969,87],{"class":79},[65,117971,499],{"class":487},[65,117973,3666],{"class":491},[65,117975,488],{"class":487},[65,117977,1352],{"class":79},[65,117979,117980],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,117981,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,117983,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,117985,164],{"class":163},[65,117987,151],{"class":79},[65,117989,74098],{"class":163},[65,117991,151],{"class":79},[65,117993,3683],{"class":147},[65,117995,1028],{"class":79},[65,117997,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117999,164],{"class":163},[65,118001,151],{"class":79},[65,118003,74098],{"class":163},[65,118005,151],{"class":79},[65,118007,3683],{"class":147},[65,118009,87],{"class":79},[65,118011,77654],{"class":8754},[65,118013,76],{"class":75},[65,118015,3172],{"class":3419},[65,118017,1028],{"class":79},[20,118019,350],{},[56,118021,118022],{"className":58,"code":73742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,118023,118024,118052],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118025,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118027,3469],{"class":79},[65,118029,594],{"class":487},[65,118031,3648],{"class":491},[65,118033,594],{"class":487},[65,118035,87],{"class":79},[65,118037,603],{"class":487},[65,118039,3657],{"class":491},[65,118041,594],{"class":487},[65,118043,87],{"class":79},[65,118045,603],{"class":487},[65,118047,3666],{"class":491},[65,118049,594],{"class":487},[65,118051,1352],{"class":79},[65,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118055,3469],{"class":79},[65,118057,594],{"class":487},[65,118059,3666],{"class":491},[65,118061,594],{"class":487},[65,118063,87],{"class":79},[65,118065,603],{"class":487},[65,118067,3657],{"class":491},[65,118069,594],{"class":487},[65,118071,87],{"class":79},[65,118073,603],{"class":487},[65,118075,3648],{"class":491},[65,118077,594],{"class":487},[65,118079,1352],{"class":79},[51,118081,7994,118083,118086],{"id":118082},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118084,118085],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118088,1545,118089,118091],{},[15,118090,118085],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118093,118094],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118096,118097],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[56,118099,118101],{"className":58,"code":118100,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118102,118103,118143,118147,118169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118104,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118106,3639],{"class":71},[65,118108,76],{"class":75},[65,118110,1339],{"class":79},[65,118112,488],{"class":487},[65,118114,78328],{"class":491},[65,118116,488],{"class":487},[65,118118,87],{"class":79},[65,118120,499],{"class":487},[65,118122,37939],{"class":491},[65,118124,488],{"class":487},[65,118126,87],{"class":79},[65,118128,499],{"class":487},[65,118130,3657],{"class":491},[65,118132,488],{"class":487},[65,118134,87],{"class":79},[65,118136,499],{"class":487},[65,118138,37922],{"class":491},[65,118140,488],{"class":487},[65,118142,1352],{"class":79},[65,118144,118145],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118146,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,118148,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,118150,136],{"class":71},[65,118152,76],{"class":75},[65,118154,74142],{"class":163},[65,118156,151],{"class":79},[65,118158,3683],{"class":147},[65,118160,87],{"class":79},[65,118162,21154],{"class":8754},[65,118164,76],{"class":75},[65,118166,10737],{"class":163},[65,118168,157],{"class":79},[65,118170,118171,118173,118175,118177],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118172,164],{"class":163},[65,118174,151],{"class":79},[65,118176,169],{"class":147},[65,118178,157],{"class":79},[20,118180,350],{},[56,118182,118184],{"className":58,"code":118183,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118185,118186],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118187,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118189,3469],{"class":79},[65,118191,594],{"class":487},[65,118193,37939],{"class":491},[65,118195,594],{"class":487},[65,118197,87],{"class":79},[65,118199,603],{"class":487},[65,118201,78328],{"class":491},[65,118203,594],{"class":487},[65,118205,87],{"class":79},[65,118207,603],{"class":487},[65,118209,37922],{"class":491},[65,118211,594],{"class":487},[65,118213,87],{"class":79},[65,118215,603],{"class":487},[65,118217,3657],{"class":491},[65,118219,594],{"class":487},[65,118221,1352],{"class":79},[20,118223,20346,118224,118226],{},[15,118225,10737],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118228,118229],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[56,118231,118233],{"className":58,"code":118232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118234,118235,118268,118272,118298],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118236,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118264,118266],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118238,3639],{"class":71},[65,118240,76],{"class":75},[65,118242,1339],{"class":79},[65,118244,488],{"class":487},[65,118246,82944],{"class":491},[65,118248,488],{"class":487},[65,118250,87],{"class":79},[65,118252,499],{"class":487},[65,118254,3648],{"class":491},[65,118256,488],{"class":487},[65,118258,87],{"class":79},[65,118260,499],{"class":487},[65,118262,118263],{"class":491},"Cherry",[65,118265,488],{"class":487},[65,118267,1352],{"class":79},[65,118269,118270],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118271,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,118273,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,118275,136],{"class":71},[65,118277,76],{"class":75},[65,118279,74142],{"class":163},[65,118281,151],{"class":79},[65,118283,3683],{"class":147},[65,118285,87],{"class":79},[65,118287,21154],{"class":8754},[65,118289,76],{"class":75},[65,118291,3010],{"class":1259},[65,118293,144],{"class":79},[65,118295,8217],{"class":24325},[65,118297,157],{"class":79},[65,118299,118300,118302,118304,118306],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118301,164],{"class":163},[65,118303,151],{"class":79},[65,118305,169],{"class":147},[65,118307,157],{"class":79},[20,118309,350],{},[56,118311,118313],{"className":58,"code":118312,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118314,118315],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118316,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118318,3469],{"class":79},[65,118320,594],{"class":487},[65,118322,3648],{"class":491},[65,118324,594],{"class":487},[65,118326,87],{"class":79},[65,118328,603],{"class":487},[65,118330,82944],{"class":491},[65,118332,594],{"class":487},[65,118334,87],{"class":79},[65,118336,603],{"class":487},[65,118338,118263],{"class":491},[65,118340,594],{"class":487},[65,118342,1352],{"class":79},[20,118344,118345,118346,34908,118348,144],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118347,41944],{},[210,118349,3143,118350,3076],{"href":41941},[15,118351,41944],{},[51,118353,118355,657,118357],{"id":118354},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118356,74008],{},[15,118358,77451],{},[20,118360,118361],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,118363,118364,118369],{},[36,118365,118366,118368],{},[15,118367,74008],{}," returns a new list",[36,118370,118371,73546],{},[15,118372,77451],{},[20,118374,118375],{},"Also:",[33,118377,118378,118383],{},[36,118379,118380,118382],{},[15,118381,74008],{}," works with many iterables",[36,118384,118385,78884],{},[15,118386,77451],{},[20,118388,1660,118389,10177],{},[15,118390,74008],{},[33,118392,118393,118396],{},[36,118394,118395],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,118397,118398],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118400,118401,118402,144],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[210,118403,3143,118404,657,118406,5352],{"href":78709},[15,118405,74008],{},[15,118407,77451],{},[51,118409,118411],{"id":118410},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118413,118414,118415,144],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118416,74008],{},[1286,118418,118420],{"id":118419},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118422,118423,118424,191],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118425,2571],{},[56,118427,118429],{"className":58,"code":118428,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118430,118431,118455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118432,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118434,3389],{"class":71},[65,118436,76],{"class":75},[65,118438,1339],{"class":79},[65,118440,84],{"class":83},[65,118442,87],{"class":79},[65,118444,499],{"class":487},[65,118446,1624],{"class":491},[65,118448,488],{"class":487},[65,118450,87],{"class":79},[65,118452,95],{"class":83},[65,118454,1352],{"class":79},[65,118456,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118458,164],{"class":163},[65,118460,151],{"class":79},[65,118462,74098],{"class":163},[65,118464,151],{"class":79},[65,118466,4928],{"class":147},[65,118468,1028],{"class":79},[20,118470,118471],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1286,118473,118475,118476,1870],{"id":118474},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118477,14416],{},[20,118479,118480],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118482,267],{},[56,118484,118486],{"className":58,"code":118485,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118487,118488,118508],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118489,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118491,3185],{"class":71},[65,118493,76],{"class":75},[65,118495,1339],{"class":79},[65,118497,1898],{"class":83},[65,118499,87],{"class":79},[65,118501,90],{"class":83},[65,118503,87],{"class":79},[65,118505,7369],{"class":83},[65,118507,1352],{"class":79},[65,118509,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118511,164],{"class":163},[65,118513,151],{"class":79},[65,118515,74098],{"class":163},[65,118517,151],{"class":79},[65,118519,3215],{"class":147},[65,118521,87],{"class":79},[65,118523,21154],{"class":8754},[65,118525,76],{"class":75},[65,118527,10737],{"class":163},[65,118529,1028],{"class":79},[20,118531,48095,118532,118534],{},[15,118533,41944],{}," does not work on integers.",[1286,118536,118538],{"id":118537},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118540,118541],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[56,118543,118545],{"className":58,"code":118544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118546,118547,118567,118577,118581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118548,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118550,3185],{"class":71},[65,118552,76],{"class":75},[65,118554,1339],{"class":79},[65,118556,111],{"class":83},[65,118558,87],{"class":79},[65,118560,5066],{"class":83},[65,118562,87],{"class":79},[65,118564,90],{"class":83},[65,118566,1352],{"class":79},[65,118568,118569,118571,118573,118575],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118570,74098],{"class":163},[65,118572,151],{"class":79},[65,118574,3215],{"class":147},[65,118576,157],{"class":79},[65,118578,118579],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,118580,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,118582,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118584,164],{"class":163},[65,118586,151],{"class":79},[65,118588,3215],{"class":147},[65,118590,157],{"class":79},[20,118592,350],{},[56,118594,118596],{"className":58,"code":118595,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118597,118598],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118599,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118601,3469],{"class":79},[65,118603,111],{"class":83},[65,118605,87],{"class":79},[65,118607,5066],{"class":83},[65,118609,87],{"class":79},[65,118611,90],{"class":83},[65,118613,1352],{"class":79},[20,118615,118616],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[51,118618,2396],{"id":2395},[33,118620,118621,118625,118628,118633,118637],{},[36,118622,4148,118623,73546],{},[15,118624,74008],{},[36,118626,118627],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,118629,4272,118630,118632],{},[15,118631,74008],{}," always returns a list",[36,118634,7994,118635,22678],{},[15,118636,118085],{},[36,118638,29225,118639,118641,118642],{},[15,118640,63896],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118643,74008],{},[20,118645,118646],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[56,118648,118650],{"className":58,"code":118649,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118651,118652,118674,118700,118738],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118653,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118655,164],{"class":163},[65,118657,151],{"class":79},[65,118659,74098],{"class":163},[65,118661,2552],{"class":79},[65,118663,111],{"class":83},[65,118665,87],{"class":79},[65,118667,5066],{"class":83},[65,118669,87],{"class":79},[65,118671,90],{"class":83},[65,118673,2565],{"class":79},[65,118675,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,118677,164],{"class":163},[65,118679,151],{"class":79},[65,118681,1260],{"class":1259},[65,118683,151],{"class":79},[65,118685,74098],{"class":163},[65,118687,5079],{"class":79},[65,118689,111],{"class":83},[65,118691,87],{"class":79},[65,118693,5066],{"class":83},[65,118695,87],{"class":79},[65,118697,90],{"class":83},[65,118699,92948],{"class":79},[65,118701,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,118703,164],{"class":163},[65,118705,151],{"class":79},[65,118707,74098],{"class":163},[65,118709,2552],{"class":79},[65,118711,594],{"class":487},[65,118713,82944],{"class":491},[65,118715,594],{"class":487},[65,118717,87],{"class":79},[65,118719,603],{"class":487},[65,118721,3648],{"class":491},[65,118723,594],{"class":487},[65,118725,17637],{"class":79},[65,118727,21154],{"class":8754},[65,118729,76],{"class":75},[65,118731,3010],{"class":1259},[65,118733,144],{"class":79},[65,118735,8217],{"class":24325},[65,118737,1028],{"class":79},[65,118739,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118741,164],{"class":163},[65,118743,151],{"class":79},[65,118745,74098],{"class":163},[65,118747,2552],{"class":79},[65,118749,111],{"class":83},[65,118751,87],{"class":79},[65,118753,5066],{"class":83},[65,118755,87],{"class":79},[65,118757,90],{"class":83},[65,118759,17637],{"class":79},[65,118761,77654],{"class":8754},[65,118763,76],{"class":75},[65,118765,3172],{"class":3419},[65,118767,1028],{"class":79},[20,118769,118770,118771,144],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[210,118772,52357],{"href":50564},[51,118774,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,118776,1289,118778,56749],{"id":118777},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118779,74008],{},[20,118781,118782],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1286,118784,4711,118786,12291],{"id":118785},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118787,74008],{},[20,118789,118790],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1286,118792,118794,118795,10667,118797,1304],{"id":118793},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118796,74008],{},[15,118798,77451],{},[20,118800,1660,118801,118803],{},[15,118802,74008],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1286,118805,4711,118807,86032,118809,1304],{"id":118806},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118808,118085],{},[15,118810,74008],{},[20,118812,118813],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1286,118815,4727,118817,118819,118820,1304],{"id":118816},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118818,74008],{}," give a ",[15,118821,2571],{},[20,118823,118824],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[51,118826,1455],{"id":1454},[33,118828,118829,118833,118841,118845,118851,118857],{},[36,118830,118831],{},[210,118832,79457],{"href":77960},[36,118834,118835],{},[210,118836,3143,118837,657,118839,5352],{"href":78709},[15,118838,74008],{},[15,118840,77451],{},[36,118842,118843],{},[210,118844,52357],{"href":50564},[36,118846,118847],{},[210,118848,3143,118849,3076],{"href":41941},[15,118850,41944],{},[36,118852,118853],{},[210,118854,3143,118855,3076],{"href":91604},[15,118856,35328],{},[36,118858,118859],{},[210,118860,3143,118861,3076],{"href":35775},[15,118862,35778],{},[1499,118864,118865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":118867},[118868,118869,118871,118874,118875,118882,118884,118886,118888,118894,118895,118907],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":117148,"depth":101,"text":118870},"What sorted() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":118872},[118873],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":117387,"depth":101,"text":117388,"children":118876},[118877,118878,118879,118880,118881],{"id":7669,"depth":126,"text":117396},{"id":48538,"depth":126,"text":117460},{"id":1401,"depth":126,"text":117557},{"id":60759,"depth":126,"text":117621},{"id":15180,"depth":126,"text":28798},{"id":117826,"depth":101,"text":118883},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118082,"depth":101,"text":118885},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118354,"depth":101,"text":118887},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118410,"depth":101,"text":118411,"children":118889},[118890,118891,118893],{"id":118419,"depth":126,"text":118420},{"id":118474,"depth":126,"text":118892},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118537,"depth":126,"text":118538},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":118896},[118897,118899,118901,118903,118905],{"id":118777,"depth":126,"text":118898},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118785,"depth":126,"text":118900},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118793,"depth":126,"text":118902},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118806,"depth":126,"text":118904},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118816,"depth":126,"text":118906},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117050,"description":118908},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118915,"title":118916,"body":118917,"description":121028,"extension":1528,"meta":121029,"navigation":129,"path":78709,"seo":121030,"stem":121031,"__hash__":121032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118918,"toc":120975},[118919,118926,118929,118939,118945,118948,118966,118974,118976,119035,119043,119047,119069,119073,119077,119079,119096,119098,119110,119116,119200,119204,119251,119257,119264,119268,119273,119275,119287,119292,119345,119349,119369,119376,119383,119387,119390,119409,119413,119527,119531,119601,119603,119615,119620,119624,119637,119641,119716,119720,119759,119766,119772,119777,119781,119795,119799,119864,119868,119901,119904,119909,119917,119924,119937,119940,119944,120027,120031,120068,120072,120175,120179,120240,120245,120252,120256,120259,120265,120268,120335,120339,120363,120365,120383,120390,120443,120447,120467,120473,120475,120532,120539,120565,120570,120575,120583,120589,120649,120653,120700,120703,120705,120708,120734,120737,120830,120832,120852,120856,120859,120877,120883,120885,120893,120898,120905,120908,120914,120917,120923,120931,120939,120944,120946,120972],[10,118920,3143,118922,657,118924,92662],{"id":118921},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118923,74008],{},[15,118925,77451],{},[20,118927,118928],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,118930,118931,118935],{},[36,118932,118933],{},[15,118934,74008],{},[36,118936,118937],{},[15,118938,77451],{},[20,118940,118941,118942,118944],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[43,118943,45],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118946,118947],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,118949,118950,118958],{},[36,118951,1660,118952,118954,118955],{},[15,118953,74008],{}," when you want a ",[43,118956,118957],{},"new sorted result",[36,118959,1660,118960,118962,118963],{},[15,118961,77451],{}," when you want to ",[43,118964,118965],{},"change the original list",[20,118967,118968,118969,1965,118971,118973],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118970,77451],{},[15,118972,3344],{}," and causes confusion.",[51,118975,54],{"id":53},[56,118977,118979],{"className":58,"code":118978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118980,118981,119001,119005,119022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118984,3185],{"class":71},[65,118986,76],{"class":75},[65,118988,1339],{"class":79},[65,118990,111],{"class":83},[65,118992,87],{"class":79},[65,118994,5066],{"class":83},[65,118996,87],{"class":79},[65,118998,90],{"class":83},[65,119000,1352],{"class":79},[65,119002,119003],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119004,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119006,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119008,55476],{"class":71},[65,119010,76],{"class":75},[65,119012,74142],{"class":163},[65,119014,151],{"class":79},[65,119016,3215],{"class":147},[65,119018,172],{"class":79},[65,119020,119021],{"class":175},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[65,119023,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119025,3215],{"class":71},[65,119027,144],{"class":79},[65,119029,34377],{"class":147},[65,119031,6938],{"class":79},[65,119033,119034],{"class":175},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119036,1660,119037,119039,119040,119042],{},[15,119038,74008],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119041,77451],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[51,119044,119046],{"id":119045},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,119048,119049,119054,119059,119066],{},[36,119050,1660,119051,119053],{},[15,119052,74008],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,119055,1660,119056,119058],{},[15,119057,77451],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,119060,119061,119062,1965,119064],{},"Understand why ",[15,119063,77451],{},[15,119065,3344],{},[36,119067,119068],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[51,119070,183,119071,186],{"id":117148},[15,119072,74008],{},[20,119074,119075,62510],{},[15,119076,74008],{},[20,119078,48512],{},[33,119080,119081,119087,119093],{},[36,119082,119083,119084],{},"returns a ",[43,119085,119086],{},"new list",[36,119088,119089,119090,119092],{},"does ",[43,119091,45],{}," change the original data",[36,119094,119095],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119097,50718],{},[33,119099,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108],{},[36,119101,4869],{},[36,119103,4872],{},[36,119105,4878],{},[36,119107,4875],{},[36,119109,35489],{},[1286,119111,34656,119113,119115],{"id":119112},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119114,74008],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[56,119117,119119],{"className":58,"code":119118,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119120,119121,119141,119145,119159,119163,119181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119122,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119124,3185],{"class":71},[65,119126,76],{"class":75},[65,119128,1339],{"class":79},[65,119130,111],{"class":83},[65,119132,87],{"class":79},[65,119134,5066],{"class":83},[65,119136,87],{"class":79},[65,119138,90],{"class":83},[65,119140,1352],{"class":79},[65,119142,119143],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119144,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119146,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119148,136],{"class":71},[65,119150,76],{"class":75},[65,119152,74142],{"class":163},[65,119154,151],{"class":79},[65,119156,3215],{"class":147},[65,119158,157],{"class":79},[65,119160,119161],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119162,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119164,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,119166,164],{"class":163},[65,119168,151],{"class":79},[65,119170,488],{"class":487},[65,119172,11729],{"class":491},[65,119174,488],{"class":487},[65,119176,87],{"class":79},[65,119178,3833],{"class":147},[65,119180,157],{"class":79},[65,119182,119183,119185,119187,119189,119192,119194,119196,119198],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,119184,164],{"class":163},[65,119186,151],{"class":79},[65,119188,488],{"class":487},[65,119190,119191],{"class":491},"sorted result:",[65,119193,488],{"class":487},[65,119195,87],{"class":79},[65,119197,80798],{"class":147},[65,119199,157],{"class":79},[20,119201,119202],{},[43,119203,350],{},[56,119205,119207],{"className":58,"code":119206,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119208,119209,119229],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119210,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119212,11708],{"class":71},[65,119214,191],{"class":79},[65,119216,1339],{"class":79},[65,119218,111],{"class":83},[65,119220,87],{"class":79},[65,119222,5066],{"class":83},[65,119224,87],{"class":79},[65,119226,90],{"class":83},[65,119228,1352],{"class":79},[65,119230,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119232,74098],{"class":163},[65,119234,80798],{"class":71},[65,119236,191],{"class":79},[65,119238,1339],{"class":79},[65,119240,84],{"class":83},[65,119242,87],{"class":79},[65,119244,90],{"class":83},[65,119246,87],{"class":79},[65,119248,95],{"class":83},[65,119250,1352],{"class":79},[20,119252,119253,119254,119256],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119255,3215],{}," stays the same.",[20,119258,119259,119260,144],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[210,119261,3143,119262,3076],{"href":74105},[15,119263,74008],{},[51,119265,183,119266,186],{"id":77517},[15,119267,77451],{},[20,119269,119270,119272],{},[15,119271,63896],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119274,48512],{},[33,119276,119277,119280,119283],{},[36,119278,119279],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,119281,119282],{},"only works on lists",[36,119284,3257,119285],{},[15,119286,3344],{},[1286,119288,34656,119290,73546],{"id":119289},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119291,77451],{},[56,119293,119295],{"className":58,"code":119294,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119296,119297,119317,119321,119331,119335],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119298,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119300,3185],{"class":71},[65,119302,76],{"class":75},[65,119304,1339],{"class":79},[65,119306,111],{"class":83},[65,119308,87],{"class":79},[65,119310,5066],{"class":83},[65,119312,87],{"class":79},[65,119314,90],{"class":83},[65,119316,1352],{"class":79},[65,119318,119319],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119320,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119322,119323,119325,119327,119329],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119324,3215],{"class":71},[65,119326,144],{"class":79},[65,119328,34377],{"class":147},[65,119330,8220],{"class":79},[65,119332,119333],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119334,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119336,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,119338,164],{"class":163},[65,119340,151],{"class":79},[65,119342,3215],{"class":147},[65,119344,157],{"class":79},[20,119346,119347],{},[43,119348,350],{},[56,119350,119351],{"className":58,"code":54736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,119352,119353],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119354,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119356,3469],{"class":79},[65,119358,84],{"class":83},[65,119360,87],{"class":79},[65,119362,90],{"class":83},[65,119364,87],{"class":79},[65,119366,95],{"class":83},[65,119368,1352],{"class":79},[20,119370,119371,119372,119375],{},"After calling ",[15,119373,119374],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119377,119378,119379,144],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[210,119380,3143,119381,1474],{"href":74359},[15,119382,77451],{},[51,119384,119386],{"id":119385},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119388,119389],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,119391,119392,119401],{},[36,119393,119394,119397,119398],{},[15,119395,119396],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[43,119399,119400],{},"new sorted list",[36,119402,119403,119406,119407,73916],{},[15,119404,119405],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119408,7915],{},[1286,119410,119412],{"id":119411},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[56,119414,119416],{"className":58,"code":119415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119417,119418,119438,119442,119456,119475,119494,119498,119508],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119419,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119421,3185],{"class":71},[65,119423,76],{"class":75},[65,119425,1339],{"class":79},[65,119427,1705],{"class":83},[65,119429,87],{"class":79},[65,119431,90],{"class":83},[65,119433,87],{"class":79},[65,119435,116],{"class":83},[65,119437,1352],{"class":79},[65,119439,119440],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119441,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119443,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119445,72],{"class":71},[65,119447,76],{"class":75},[65,119449,74142],{"class":163},[65,119451,151],{"class":79},[65,119453,3215],{"class":147},[65,119455,157],{"class":79},[65,119457,119458,119460,119462,119464,119467,119469,119471,119473],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119459,164],{"class":163},[65,119461,151],{"class":79},[65,119463,488],{"class":487},[65,119465,119466],{"class":491},"numbers after sorted():",[65,119468,488],{"class":487},[65,119470,87],{"class":79},[65,119472,3833],{"class":147},[65,119474,157],{"class":79},[65,119476,119477,119479,119481,119483,119486,119488,119490,119492],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,119478,164],{"class":163},[65,119480,151],{"class":79},[65,119482,488],{"class":487},[65,119484,119485],{"class":491},"a:",[65,119487,488],{"class":487},[65,119489,87],{"class":79},[65,119491,141],{"class":147},[65,119493,157],{"class":79},[65,119495,119496],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,119497,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,119501,3215],{"class":71},[65,119503,144],{"class":79},[65,119505,34377],{"class":147},[65,119507,8220],{"class":79},[65,119509,119510,119512,119514,119516,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,119511,164],{"class":163},[65,119513,151],{"class":79},[65,119515,488],{"class":487},[65,119517,119518],{"class":491},"numbers after sort():",[65,119520,488],{"class":487},[65,119522,87],{"class":79},[65,119524,3833],{"class":147},[65,119526,157],{"class":79},[20,119528,119529],{},[43,119530,350],{},[56,119532,119534],{"className":58,"code":119533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119535,119536,119559,119579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119537,119538,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119539,119540],{"class":71},"numbers after ",[65,119542,74098],{"class":163},[65,119544,29159],{"class":79},[65,119546,1339],{"class":79},[65,119548,1705],{"class":83},[65,119550,87],{"class":79},[65,119552,90],{"class":83},[65,119554,87],{"class":79},[65,119556,116],{"class":83},[65,119558,1352],{"class":79},[65,119560,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119562,210],{"class":71},[65,119564,191],{"class":79},[65,119566,1339],{"class":79},[65,119568,1624],{"class":83},[65,119570,87],{"class":79},[65,119572,116],{"class":83},[65,119574,87],{"class":79},[65,119576,121],{"class":83},[65,119578,1352],{"class":79},[65,119580,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119582,119540],{"class":71},[65,119584,34377],{"class":147},[65,119586,29159],{"class":79},[65,119588,1339],{"class":79},[65,119590,1624],{"class":83},[65,119592,87],{"class":79},[65,119594,116],{"class":83},[65,119596,87],{"class":79},[65,119598,121],{"class":83},[65,119600,1352],{"class":79},[20,119602,10289],{},[33,119604,119605,119610],{},[36,119606,119607,119609],{},[15,119608,74008],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,119611,119612,119614],{},[15,119613,63896],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[51,119616,4529,119618],{"id":119617},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119619,74008],{},[20,119621,1660,119622,10177],{},[15,119623,74008],{},[33,119625,119626,119629,119631,119634],{},[36,119627,119628],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,119630,118398],{},[36,119632,119633],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,119635,119636],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1286,119638,119640],{"id":119639},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[56,119642,119644],{"className":58,"code":119643,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119645,119646,119670,119674,119688,119692,119702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119647,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119649,3185],{"class":71},[65,119651,76],{"class":75},[65,119653,8815],{"class":79},[65,119655,2072],{"class":83},[65,119657,87],{"class":79},[65,119659,5066],{"class":83},[65,119661,87],{"class":79},[65,119663,95],{"class":83},[65,119665,87],{"class":79},[65,119667,90],{"class":83},[65,119669,157],{"class":79},[65,119671,119672],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119673,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119675,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119677,136],{"class":71},[65,119679,76],{"class":75},[65,119681,74142],{"class":163},[65,119683,151],{"class":79},[65,119685,3215],{"class":147},[65,119687,157],{"class":79},[65,119689,119690],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119691,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119693,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,119695,164],{"class":163},[65,119697,151],{"class":79},[65,119699,169],{"class":147},[65,119701,157],{"class":79},[65,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,119705,164],{"class":163},[65,119707,151],{"class":79},[65,119709,1260],{"class":1259},[65,119711,151],{"class":79},[65,119713,169],{"class":147},[65,119715,1028],{"class":79},[20,119717,119718],{},[43,119719,350],{},[56,119721,119723],{"className":58,"code":119722,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119724,119725,119745],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119726,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119728,3469],{"class":79},[65,119730,84],{"class":83},[65,119732,87],{"class":79},[65,119734,90],{"class":83},[65,119736,87],{"class":79},[65,119738,95],{"class":83},[65,119740,87],{"class":79},[65,119742,116],{"class":83},[65,119744,1352],{"class":79},[65,119746,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119748,2857],{"class":75},[65,119750,2860],{"class":1632},[65,119752,603],{"class":487},[65,119754,7669],{"class":491},[65,119756,594],{"class":487},[65,119758,2869],{"class":75},[20,119760,1853,119761,119763,119764,144],{},[15,119762,74008],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[43,119765,7669],{},[20,119767,119768,119769,119771],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[210,119770,52357],{"href":50564}," is a helpful next step.",[51,119773,4529,119775],{"id":119774},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119776,77451],{},[20,119778,1660,119779,10177],{},[15,119780,77451],{},[33,119782,119783,119786,119789,119792],{},[36,119784,119785],{},"you already have a list",[36,119787,119788],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,119790,119791],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,119793,119794],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1286,119796,119798],{"id":119797},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[56,119800,119802],{"className":58,"code":119801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119803,119804,119836,119840,119850,119854],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119805,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119807,4563],{"class":71},[65,119809,76],{"class":75},[65,119811,1339],{"class":79},[65,119813,488],{"class":487},[65,119815,4590],{"class":491},[65,119817,488],{"class":487},[65,119819,87],{"class":79},[65,119821,499],{"class":487},[65,119823,4572],{"class":491},[65,119825,488],{"class":487},[65,119827,87],{"class":79},[65,119829,499],{"class":487},[65,119831,4581],{"class":491},[65,119833,488],{"class":487},[65,119835,1352],{"class":79},[65,119837,119838],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119839,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119841,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119843,4607],{"class":71},[65,119845,144],{"class":79},[65,119847,34377],{"class":147},[65,119849,8220],{"class":79},[65,119851,119852],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119853,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119855,119856,119858,119860,119862],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,119857,164],{"class":163},[65,119859,151],{"class":79},[65,119861,4607],{"class":147},[65,119863,157],{"class":79},[20,119865,119866],{},[43,119867,350],{},[56,119869,119871],{"className":58,"code":119870,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119872,119873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119874,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119876,3469],{"class":79},[65,119878,594],{"class":487},[65,119880,4572],{"class":491},[65,119882,594],{"class":487},[65,119884,87],{"class":79},[65,119886,603],{"class":487},[65,119888,4581],{"class":491},[65,119890,594],{"class":487},[65,119892,87],{"class":79},[65,119894,603],{"class":487},[65,119896,4590],{"class":491},[65,119898,594],{"class":487},[65,119900,1352],{"class":79},[20,119902,119903],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119905,119906,119907,144],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[210,119908,79457],{"href":77960},[51,119910,119912,634,119914,119916],{"id":119911},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119913,73161],{},[15,119915,14416],{}," work with both",[20,119918,10166,119919,634,119921,119923],{},[15,119920,74008],{},[15,119922,77451],{}," support:",[33,119925,119926,119931],{},[36,119927,119928,119930],{},[15,119929,77675],{}," for descending order",[36,119932,119933,119936],{},[15,119934,119935],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119938,119939],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1286,119941,119943],{"id":119942},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[56,119945,119947],{"className":58,"code":119946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119948,119949,119969,119973,119995,119999,120017],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119950,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965,119967],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119952,3185],{"class":71},[65,119954,76],{"class":75},[65,119956,1339],{"class":79},[65,119958,111],{"class":83},[65,119960,87],{"class":79},[65,119962,5066],{"class":83},[65,119964,87],{"class":79},[65,119966,90],{"class":83},[65,119968,1352],{"class":79},[65,119970,119971],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,119972,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,119974,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,119976,164],{"class":163},[65,119978,151],{"class":79},[65,119980,74098],{"class":163},[65,119982,151],{"class":79},[65,119984,3215],{"class":147},[65,119986,87],{"class":79},[65,119988,77654],{"class":8754},[65,119990,76],{"class":75},[65,119992,3172],{"class":3419},[65,119994,1028],{"class":79},[65,119996,119997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119998,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120000,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120002,3215],{"class":71},[65,120004,144],{"class":79},[65,120006,34377],{"class":147},[65,120008,151],{"class":79},[65,120010,73161],{"class":8754},[65,120012,76],{"class":75},[65,120014,3172],{"class":3419},[65,120016,157],{"class":79},[65,120018,120019,120021,120023,120025],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,120020,164],{"class":163},[65,120022,151],{"class":79},[65,120024,3215],{"class":147},[65,120026,157],{"class":79},[20,120028,120029],{},[43,120030,350],{},[56,120032,120034],{"className":58,"code":120033,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120035,120036,120052],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120037,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120039,3469],{"class":79},[65,120041,111],{"class":83},[65,120043,87],{"class":79},[65,120045,90],{"class":83},[65,120047,87],{"class":79},[65,120049,5066],{"class":83},[65,120051,1352],{"class":79},[65,120053,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120055,3469],{"class":79},[65,120057,111],{"class":83},[65,120059,87],{"class":79},[65,120061,90],{"class":83},[65,120063,87],{"class":79},[65,120065,5066],{"class":83},[65,120067,1352],{"class":79},[1286,120069,120071],{"id":120070},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[56,120073,120075],{"className":58,"code":120074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120076,120077,120109,120113,120139,120143,120165],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120078,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120080,3639],{"class":71},[65,120082,76],{"class":75},[65,120084,1339],{"class":79},[65,120086,488],{"class":487},[65,120088,82944],{"class":491},[65,120090,488],{"class":487},[65,120092,87],{"class":79},[65,120094,499],{"class":487},[65,120096,3648],{"class":491},[65,120098,488],{"class":487},[65,120100,87],{"class":79},[65,120102,499],{"class":487},[65,120104,118263],{"class":491},[65,120106,488],{"class":487},[65,120108,1352],{"class":79},[65,120110,120111],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120112,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120116,164],{"class":163},[65,120118,151],{"class":79},[65,120120,74098],{"class":163},[65,120122,151],{"class":79},[65,120124,3683],{"class":147},[65,120126,87],{"class":79},[65,120128,21154],{"class":8754},[65,120130,76],{"class":75},[65,120132,3010],{"class":1259},[65,120134,144],{"class":79},[65,120136,8217],{"class":24325},[65,120138,1028],{"class":79},[65,120140,120141],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120142,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120144,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120146,3683],{"class":71},[65,120148,144],{"class":79},[65,120150,34377],{"class":147},[65,120152,151],{"class":79},[65,120154,14416],{"class":8754},[65,120156,76],{"class":75},[65,120158,3010],{"class":1259},[65,120160,144],{"class":79},[65,120162,8217],{"class":24325},[65,120164,157],{"class":79},[65,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,120168,164],{"class":163},[65,120170,151],{"class":79},[65,120172,3683],{"class":147},[65,120174,157],{"class":79},[20,120176,120177],{},[43,120178,350],{},[56,120180,120182],{"className":58,"code":120181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120183,120184,120212],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120185,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120187,3469],{"class":79},[65,120189,594],{"class":487},[65,120191,3648],{"class":491},[65,120193,594],{"class":487},[65,120195,87],{"class":79},[65,120197,603],{"class":487},[65,120199,82944],{"class":491},[65,120201,594],{"class":487},[65,120203,87],{"class":79},[65,120205,603],{"class":487},[65,120207,118263],{"class":491},[65,120209,594],{"class":487},[65,120211,1352],{"class":79},[65,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120215,3469],{"class":79},[65,120217,594],{"class":487},[65,120219,3648],{"class":491},[65,120221,594],{"class":487},[65,120223,87],{"class":79},[65,120225,603],{"class":487},[65,120227,82944],{"class":491},[65,120229,594],{"class":487},[65,120231,87],{"class":79},[65,120233,603],{"class":487},[65,120235,118263],{"class":491},[65,120237,594],{"class":487},[65,120239,1352],{"class":79},[20,120241,7994,120242,120244],{},[15,120243,78169],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120246,120247,120248,144],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[210,120249,120251],{"href":120250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[51,120253,120255],{"id":120254},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120257,120258],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1286,120260,120262,120263,12173],{"id":120261},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120264,77451],{},[20,120266,120267],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[56,120269,120271],{"className":58,"code":120270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120272,120273,120293,120297,120311,120315,120325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120274,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120276,3185],{"class":71},[65,120278,76],{"class":75},[65,120280,1339],{"class":79},[65,120282,111],{"class":83},[65,120284,87],{"class":79},[65,120286,5066],{"class":83},[65,120288,87],{"class":79},[65,120290,90],{"class":83},[65,120292,1352],{"class":79},[65,120294,120295],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120296,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120298,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120300,136],{"class":71},[65,120302,76],{"class":75},[65,120304,3833],{"class":71},[65,120306,144],{"class":79},[65,120308,34377],{"class":147},[65,120310,8220],{"class":79},[65,120312,120313],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120314,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120316,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120318,164],{"class":163},[65,120320,151],{"class":79},[65,120322,169],{"class":147},[65,120324,157],{"class":79},[65,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,120328,164],{"class":163},[65,120330,151],{"class":79},[65,120332,3215],{"class":147},[65,120334,157],{"class":79},[20,120336,120337],{},[43,120338,350],{},[56,120340,120341],{"className":58,"code":78792,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,120342,120343,120347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120344,120345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120346,11383],{"class":3419},[65,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120350,3469],{"class":79},[65,120352,84],{"class":83},[65,120354,87],{"class":79},[65,120356,90],{"class":83},[65,120358,87],{"class":79},[65,120360,95],{"class":83},[65,120362,1352],{"class":79},[20,120364,11475],{},[33,120366,120367,120372,120377],{},[36,120368,120369,120371],{},[15,120370,119374],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,120373,34593,120374,120376],{},[43,120375,45],{}," return the sorted list",[36,120378,89568,120379,41738,120381],{},[15,120380,169],{},[15,120382,3344],{},[1286,120384,120386,120387,120389],{"id":120385},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120388,74008],{}," to change the original list",[56,120391,120393],{"className":58,"code":120392,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120394,120395,120415,120419,120429,120433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120398,3185],{"class":71},[65,120400,76],{"class":75},[65,120402,1339],{"class":79},[65,120404,111],{"class":83},[65,120406,87],{"class":79},[65,120408,5066],{"class":83},[65,120410,87],{"class":79},[65,120412,90],{"class":83},[65,120414,1352],{"class":79},[65,120416,120417],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120418,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120422,74098],{"class":163},[65,120424,151],{"class":79},[65,120426,3215],{"class":147},[65,120428,157],{"class":79},[65,120430,120431],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120432,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120434,120435,120437,120439,120441],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120436,164],{"class":163},[65,120438,151],{"class":79},[65,120440,3215],{"class":147},[65,120442,157],{"class":79},[20,120444,120445],{},[43,120446,350],{},[56,120448,120449],{"className":58,"code":118595,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,120450,120451],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120452,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120454,3469],{"class":79},[65,120456,111],{"class":83},[65,120458,87],{"class":79},[65,120460,5066],{"class":83},[65,120462,87],{"class":79},[65,120464,90],{"class":83},[65,120466,1352],{"class":79},[20,120468,120469,120472],{},[15,120470,120471],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120474,10383],{},[56,120476,120478],{"className":58,"code":120477,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120479,120480,120500,120504,120518,120522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120481,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120483,3185],{"class":71},[65,120485,76],{"class":75},[65,120487,1339],{"class":79},[65,120489,111],{"class":83},[65,120491,87],{"class":79},[65,120493,5066],{"class":83},[65,120495,87],{"class":79},[65,120497,90],{"class":83},[65,120499,1352],{"class":79},[65,120501,120502],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120503,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120505,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120507,55228],{"class":71},[65,120509,76],{"class":75},[65,120511,74142],{"class":163},[65,120513,151],{"class":79},[65,120515,3215],{"class":147},[65,120517,157],{"class":79},[65,120519,120520],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120521,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120523,120524,120526,120528,120530],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120525,164],{"class":163},[65,120527,151],{"class":79},[65,120529,55247],{"class":147},[65,120531,157],{"class":79},[1286,120533,120535,120536,120538],{"id":120534},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120537,63896],{}," on a tuple or string",[56,120540,120541],{"className":58,"code":78894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,120542,120543,120555],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120544,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120546,34265],{"class":71},[65,120548,76],{"class":75},[65,120550,499],{"class":487},[65,120552,60],{"class":491},[65,120554,2925],{"class":487},[65,120556,120557,120559,120561,120563],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120558,34286],{"class":71},[65,120560,144],{"class":79},[65,120562,34377],{"class":147},[65,120564,8220],{"class":79},[20,120566,120567,120568,33177],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120569,63896],{},[20,120571,120572,120574],{},[15,120573,63896],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120576,120577,120578,120580,120581,144],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120579,74008],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[210,120582,4705],{"href":5155},[1286,120584,120586,120587,118632],{"id":120585},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120588,74008],{},[56,120590,120592],{"className":58,"code":120591,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120593,120594,120607,120621,120625,120635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120595,120596,120598,120600,120602,120605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120597,34265],{"class":71},[65,120599,76],{"class":75},[65,120601,499],{"class":487},[65,120603,120604],{"class":491},"cab",[65,120606,2925],{"class":487},[65,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120610,136],{"class":71},[65,120612,76],{"class":75},[65,120614,74142],{"class":163},[65,120616,151],{"class":79},[65,120618,34286],{"class":147},[65,120620,157],{"class":79},[65,120622,120623],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120624,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,120626,120627,120629,120631,120633],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120628,164],{"class":163},[65,120630,151],{"class":79},[65,120632,169],{"class":147},[65,120634,157],{"class":79},[65,120636,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120638,164],{"class":163},[65,120640,151],{"class":79},[65,120642,1260],{"class":1259},[65,120644,151],{"class":79},[65,120646,169],{"class":147},[65,120648,1028],{"class":79},[20,120650,120651],{},[43,120652,350],{},[56,120654,120656],{"className":58,"code":120655,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120657,120658,120686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120659,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120661,3469],{"class":79},[65,120663,594],{"class":487},[65,120665,210],{"class":491},[65,120667,594],{"class":487},[65,120669,87],{"class":79},[65,120671,603],{"class":487},[65,120673,154],{"class":491},[65,120675,594],{"class":487},[65,120677,87],{"class":79},[65,120679,603],{"class":487},[65,120681,9317],{"class":491},[65,120683,594],{"class":487},[65,120685,1352],{"class":79},[65,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120689,2857],{"class":75},[65,120691,2860],{"class":1632},[65,120693,603],{"class":487},[65,120695,7669],{"class":491},[65,120697,594],{"class":487},[65,120699,2869],{"class":75},[20,120701,120702],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[51,120704,113153],{"id":113152},[20,120706,120707],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,120709,120710,120713,120718,120723,120729],{},[36,120711,120712],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,120714,120715,120716,53230],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120717,63896],{},[36,120719,120720,120721,12173],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120722,77451],{},[36,120724,120725,120726,120728],{},"trying to use ",[15,120727,63896],{}," on non-list data types",[36,120730,50090,120731,120733],{},[15,120732,74008],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120735,120736],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,120738,120740],{"className":58,"code":120739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120741,120742,120752,120766,120791,120806,120816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120743,120744,120746,120748,120750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120745,164],{"class":163},[65,120747,151],{"class":79},[65,120749,7915],{"class":147},[65,120751,157],{"class":79},[65,120753,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,120755,164],{"class":163},[65,120757,151],{"class":79},[65,120759,74098],{"class":163},[65,120761,151],{"class":79},[65,120763,7915],{"class":147},[65,120765,1028],{"class":79},[65,120767,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120783,120785,120787,120789],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,120769,136],{"class":71},[65,120771,76],{"class":75},[65,120773,7972],{"class":71},[65,120775,144],{"class":79},[65,120777,34377],{"class":147},[65,120779,6938],{"class":79},[65,120781,120782],{"class":71},"; ",[65,120784,164],{"class":163},[65,120786,151],{"class":79},[65,120788,169],{"class":147},[65,120790,157],{"class":79},[65,120792,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120804],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120794,164],{"class":163},[65,120796,151],{"class":79},[65,120798,1260],{"class":1259},[65,120800,151],{"class":79},[65,120802,120803],{"class":147},"my_data",[65,120805,1028],{"class":79},[65,120807,120808,120810,120812,120814],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,120809,31728],{"class":163},[65,120811,151],{"class":79},[65,120813,74098],{"class":163},[65,120815,157],{"class":79},[65,120817,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,120819,31728],{"class":163},[65,120821,151],{"class":79},[65,120823,7669],{"class":1259},[65,120825,144],{"class":79},[65,120827,34377],{"class":24325},[65,120829,157],{"class":79},[20,120831,83954],{},[33,120833,120834,120837,120841,120849],{},[36,120835,120836],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,120838,25595,120839,11280],{},[15,120840,74008],{},[36,120842,120843,120844,120846,120847],{},"whether ",[15,120845,63896],{}," returned ",[15,120848,3344],{},[36,120850,120851],{},"what type of object you are working with",[51,120853,120855],{"id":120854},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120857,120858],{},"Use this rule:",[33,120860,120861,120869],{},[36,120862,120863,120864,120866,120867],{},"Need a ",[43,120865,118957],{},": use ",[15,120868,74008],{},[36,120870,120871,120872,120866,120875],{},"Need to ",[43,120873,120874],{},"change one list directly",[15,120876,77451],{},[20,120878,120879,120880,120882],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120881,74008],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[51,120884,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,120886,120888,120889,214,120891,1304],{"id":120887},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120890,74008],{},[15,120892,77451],{},[20,120894,120895,120897],{},[15,120896,74008],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1286,120899,4727,120901,4730,120903,1304],{"id":120900},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120902,77451],{},[15,120904,3344],{},[20,120906,120907],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1286,120909,4739,120911,120913],{"id":120910},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120912,74008],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120915,120916],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1286,120918,1316,120920,120922],{"id":120919},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120921,63896],{}," on a string?",[20,120924,45949,120925,120927,120928,39511],{},[15,120926,63896],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120929,120930],{},"sorted(string)",[1286,120932,11394,120934,634,120936,120938],{"id":120933},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120935,74008],{},[15,120937,63896],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120940,120941,120942,144],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120943,77675],{},[51,120945,1455],{"id":1454},[33,120947,120948,120954,120960,120964,120968],{},[36,120949,120950],{},[210,120951,3143,120952,3076],{"href":74105},[15,120953,74008],{},[36,120955,120956],{},[210,120957,3143,120958,1474],{"href":74359},[15,120959,77451],{},[36,120961,120962],{},[210,120963,79457],{"href":77960},[36,120965,120966],{},[210,120967,120251],{"href":120250},[36,120969,120970],{},[210,120971,52357],{"href":50564},[1499,120973,120974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":120976},[120977,120978,120979,120983,120987,120990,120994,120998,121003,121013,121014,121015,121027],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":119045,"depth":101,"text":119046},{"id":117148,"depth":101,"text":118870,"children":120980},[120981],{"id":119112,"depth":126,"text":120982},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77517,"depth":101,"text":79479,"children":120984},[120985],{"id":119289,"depth":126,"text":120986},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119385,"depth":101,"text":119386,"children":120988},[120989],{"id":119411,"depth":126,"text":119412},{"id":119617,"depth":101,"text":120991,"children":120992},"When to use sorted()",[120993],{"id":119639,"depth":126,"text":119640},{"id":119774,"depth":101,"text":120995,"children":120996},"When to use list.sort()",[120997],{"id":119797,"depth":126,"text":119798},{"id":119911,"depth":101,"text":120999,"children":121000},"reverse and key work with both",[121001,121002],{"id":119942,"depth":126,"text":119943},{"id":120070,"depth":126,"text":120071},{"id":120254,"depth":101,"text":120255,"children":121004},[121005,121007,121009,121011],{"id":120261,"depth":126,"text":121006},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120385,"depth":126,"text":121008},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120534,"depth":126,"text":121010},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120585,"depth":126,"text":121012},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113152,"depth":101,"text":113153},{"id":120854,"depth":101,"text":120855},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":121016},[121017,121019,121021,121023,121025],{"id":120887,"depth":126,"text":121018},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120900,"depth":126,"text":121020},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120910,"depth":126,"text":121022},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120919,"depth":126,"text":121024},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120933,"depth":126,"text":121026},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118916,"description":121028},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121034,"title":41759,"body":121035,"description":122767,"extension":1528,"meta":122768,"navigation":129,"path":122769,"seo":122770,"stem":122771,"__hash__":122772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121036,"toc":122724},[121037,121042,121047,121053,121055,121110,121114,121137,121142,121147,121152,121154,121185,121188,121202,121204,121206,121221,121226,121230,121233,121284,121288,121302,121309,121313,121317,121372,121376,121399,121403,121459,121463,121486,121490,121545,121549,121572,121576,121643,121647,121682,121688,121693,121698,121700,121714,121716,121790,121794,121814,121819,121826,121829,121841,121843,121912,121916,121953,121956,121981,121988,121997,122000,122012,122018,122024,122026,122032,122037,122116,122120,122161,122165,122167,122194,122197,122220,122223,122229,122232,122269,122281,122288,122290,122341,122344,122376,122379,122381,122388,122390,122405,122407,122464,122468,122492,122494,122499,122515,122522,122526,122529,122612,122622,122624,122629,122632,122638,122641,122647,122650,122656,122659,122666,122674,122676,122721],[10,121038,3143,121040,3147],{"id":121039},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121041,47268],{},[20,121043,31893,121044,121046],{},[15,121045,47268],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121048,121049,121050,121052],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121051,47268],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[51,121054,1570],{"id":1569},[56,121056,121058],{"className":58,"code":121057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121059,121060,121068,121082,121086,121096],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121061,121062,121064,121066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121063,21203],{"class":71},[65,121065,76],{"class":75},[65,121067,44809],{"class":83},[65,121069,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121071,34265],{"class":71},[65,121073,76],{"class":75},[65,121075,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121077,151],{"class":79},[65,121079,8877],{"class":147},[65,121081,157],{"class":79},[65,121083,121084],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121085,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121087,121088,121090,121092,121094],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121089,164],{"class":163},[65,121091,151],{"class":79},[65,121093,34286],{"class":147},[65,121095,157],{"class":79},[65,121097,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121099,164],{"class":163},[65,121101,151],{"class":79},[65,121103,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121105,151],{"class":79},[65,121107,34286],{"class":147},[65,121109,1028],{"class":79},[20,121111,121112],{},[43,121113,350],{},[56,121115,121117],{"className":58,"code":121116,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121118,121119,121123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121120,121121],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121122,2275],{"class":83},[65,121124,121125,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121126,2857],{"class":75},[65,121128,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121130,603],{"class":487},[65,121132,3010],{"class":491},[65,121134,594],{"class":487},[65,121136,2869],{"class":75},[20,121138,1660,121139,121141],{},[15,121140,47268],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[51,121143,183,121145,186],{"id":121144},"what-str-does",[15,121146,47268],{},[20,121148,121149,121151],{},[15,121150,47268],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121153,1675],{},[33,121155,121156,121163,121170,121177],{},[36,121157,121158,121159,41738,121161],{},"An integer like ",[15,121160,1898],{},[15,121162,41709],{},[36,121164,121165,121166,41738,121168],{},"A float like ",[15,121167,39725],{},[15,121169,47679],{},[36,121171,121172,121173,41738,121175],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121174,3172],{},[15,121176,6212],{},[36,121178,121179,121180,41738,121182],{},"A list like ",[15,121181,74830],{},[15,121183,121184],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121186,121187],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,121189,121190,121193,121196,121199],{},[36,121191,121192],{},"print it",[36,121194,121195],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,121197,121198],{},"save it to a file",[36,121200,121201],{},"use it in messages",[51,121203,222],{"id":221},[20,121205,6790],{},[56,121207,121209],{"className":58,"code":121208,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"str(object)\n",[15,121210,121211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121212,121213,121215,121217,121219],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121214,3010],{"class":1259},[65,121216,151],{"class":79},[65,121218,41982],{"class":1259},[65,121220,157],{"class":79},[20,121222,20346,121223,121225],{},[15,121224,41982],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121227,121228,7801],{},[15,121229,47268],{},[20,121231,121232],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[56,121234,121236],{"className":58,"code":121235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121237,121238,121247,121270,121274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121239,121240,121242,121244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121241,4664],{"class":71},[65,121243,76],{"class":75},[65,121245,121246],{"class":83}," 100\n",[65,121248,121249,121251,121253,121255,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121250,89588],{"class":71},[65,121252,76],{"class":75},[65,121254,499],{"class":487},[65,121256,121257],{"class":491},"Your score is ",[65,121259,488],{"class":487},[65,121261,2022],{"class":75},[65,121263,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121265,151],{"class":79},[65,121267,85101],{"class":147},[65,121269,157],{"class":79},[65,121271,121272],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121273,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121275,121276,121278,121280,121282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121277,164],{"class":163},[65,121279,151],{"class":79},[65,121281,89605],{"class":147},[65,121283,157],{"class":79},[20,121285,121286],{},[43,121287,350],{},[56,121289,121291],{"className":58,"code":121290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121292,121293],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121294,121295,121298,121300],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121296,121297],{"class":71},"Your score ",[65,121299,11769],{"class":75},[65,121301,121246],{"class":83},[20,121303,1863,121304,121308],{},[210,121305,121306,1870],{"href":1866},[15,121307,1869],{}," can help you check.",[51,121310,121312],{"id":121311},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1286,121314,121316],{"id":121315},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[56,121318,121320],{"className":58,"code":121319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121321,121322,121330,121344,121348,121358],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121323,121324,121326,121328],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121325,1785],{"class":71},[65,121327,76],{"class":75},[65,121329,2153],{"class":83},[65,121331,121332,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121333,34265],{"class":71},[65,121335,76],{"class":75},[65,121337,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121339,151],{"class":79},[65,121341,1807],{"class":147},[65,121343,157],{"class":79},[65,121345,121346],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121347,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121349,121350,121352,121354,121356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121351,164],{"class":163},[65,121353,151],{"class":79},[65,121355,34286],{"class":147},[65,121357,157],{"class":79},[65,121359,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121361,164],{"class":163},[65,121363,151],{"class":79},[65,121365,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121367,151],{"class":79},[65,121369,34286],{"class":147},[65,121371,1028],{"class":79},[20,121373,121374],{},[43,121375,350],{},[56,121377,121379],{"className":58,"code":121378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121380,121381,121385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121382,121383],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121384,1944],{"class":83},[65,121386,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121388,2857],{"class":75},[65,121390,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121392,603],{"class":487},[65,121394,3010],{"class":491},[65,121396,594],{"class":487},[65,121398,2869],{"class":75},[1286,121400,121402],{"id":121401},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[56,121404,121406],{"className":58,"code":121405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121407,121408,121417,121431,121435,121445],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121409,121410,121412,121414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121411,39969],{"class":71},[65,121413,76],{"class":75},[65,121415,121416],{"class":83}," 3.14\n",[65,121418,121419,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121420,34265],{"class":71},[65,121422,76],{"class":75},[65,121424,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121426,151],{"class":79},[65,121428,24725],{"class":147},[65,121430,157],{"class":79},[65,121432,121433],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121434,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121436,121437,121439,121441,121443],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121438,164],{"class":163},[65,121440,151],{"class":79},[65,121442,34286],{"class":147},[65,121444,157],{"class":79},[65,121446,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121448,164],{"class":163},[65,121450,151],{"class":79},[65,121452,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121454,151],{"class":79},[65,121456,34286],{"class":147},[65,121458,1028],{"class":79},[20,121460,121461],{},[43,121462,350],{},[56,121464,121466],{"className":58,"code":121465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121467,121468,121472],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121469,121470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121471,39759],{"class":83},[65,121473,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121475,2857],{"class":75},[65,121477,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121479,603],{"class":487},[65,121481,3010],{"class":491},[65,121483,594],{"class":487},[65,121485,2869],{"class":75},[1286,121487,121489],{"id":121488},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[56,121491,121493],{"className":58,"code":121492,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121494,121495,121503,121517,121521,121531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121496,121497,121499,121501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121498,2015],{"class":71},[65,121500,76],{"class":75},[65,121502,5993],{"class":3419},[65,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121506,34265],{"class":71},[65,121508,76],{"class":75},[65,121510,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121512,151],{"class":79},[65,121514,2040],{"class":147},[65,121516,157],{"class":79},[65,121518,121519],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121520,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121522,121523,121525,121527,121529],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121524,164],{"class":163},[65,121526,151],{"class":79},[65,121528,34286],{"class":147},[65,121530,157],{"class":79},[65,121532,121533,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121534,164],{"class":163},[65,121536,151],{"class":79},[65,121538,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121540,151],{"class":79},[65,121542,34286],{"class":147},[65,121544,1028],{"class":79},[20,121546,121547],{},[43,121548,350],{},[56,121550,121552],{"className":58,"code":121551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121553,121554,121558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121555,121556],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121557,3549],{"class":3419},[65,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566,121568,121570],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121561,2857],{"class":75},[65,121563,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121565,603],{"class":487},[65,121567,3010],{"class":491},[65,121569,594],{"class":487},[65,121571,2869],{"class":75},[1286,121573,121575],{"id":121574},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[56,121577,121579],{"className":58,"code":121578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121580,121581,121601,121615,121619,121629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121582,121583,121585,121587,121589,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121584,7353],{"class":71},[65,121586,76],{"class":75},[65,121588,1339],{"class":79},[65,121590,84],{"class":83},[65,121592,87],{"class":79},[65,121594,90],{"class":83},[65,121596,87],{"class":79},[65,121598,95],{"class":83},[65,121600,1352],{"class":79},[65,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121604,34265],{"class":71},[65,121606,76],{"class":75},[65,121608,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121610,151],{"class":79},[65,121612,7384],{"class":147},[65,121614,157],{"class":79},[65,121616,121617],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121618,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121620,121621,121623,121625,121627],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121622,164],{"class":163},[65,121624,151],{"class":79},[65,121626,34286],{"class":147},[65,121628,157],{"class":79},[65,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121632,164],{"class":163},[65,121634,151],{"class":79},[65,121636,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121638,151],{"class":79},[65,121640,34286],{"class":147},[65,121642,1028],{"class":79},[20,121644,121645],{},[43,121646,350],{},[56,121648,121650],{"className":58,"code":121649,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121651,121652,121668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121653,121654,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121655,3469],{"class":79},[65,121657,84],{"class":83},[65,121659,87],{"class":79},[65,121661,90],{"class":83},[65,121663,87],{"class":79},[65,121665,95],{"class":83},[65,121667,1352],{"class":79},[65,121669,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678,121680],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121671,2857],{"class":75},[65,121673,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121675,603],{"class":487},[65,121677,3010],{"class":491},[65,121679,594],{"class":487},[65,121681,2869],{"class":75},[20,121683,121684,121685,121687],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[43,121686,45],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[51,121689,4529,121691],{"id":121690},"when-to-use-str",[15,121692,47268],{},[20,121694,1660,121695,121697],{},[15,121696,47268],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121699,36006],{},[33,121701,121702,121705,121708,121711],{},[36,121703,121704],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,121706,121707],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,121709,121710],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,121712,121713],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121715,267],{},[56,121717,121719],{"className":58,"code":121718,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121720,121721,121733,121741,121745,121780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121722,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121724,7451],{"class":71},[65,121726,76],{"class":75},[65,121728,499],{"class":487},[65,121730,11083],{"class":491},[65,121732,2925],{"class":487},[65,121734,121735,121737,121739],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121736,21203],{"class":71},[65,121738,76],{"class":75},[65,121740,44809],{"class":83},[65,121742,121743],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121744,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121746,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775,121778],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121748,89588],{"class":71},[65,121750,76],{"class":75},[65,121752,35548],{"class":71},[65,121754,1627],{"class":75},[65,121756,499],{"class":487},[65,121758,4351],{"class":491},[65,121760,488],{"class":487},[65,121762,2022],{"class":75},[65,121764,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121766,151],{"class":79},[65,121768,8877],{"class":147},[65,121770,172],{"class":79},[65,121772,2022],{"class":75},[65,121774,499],{"class":487},[65,121776,121777],{"class":491}," years old.",[65,121779,2925],{"class":487},[65,121781,121782,121784,121786,121788],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121783,164],{"class":163},[65,121785,151],{"class":79},[65,121787,89605],{"class":147},[65,121789,157],{"class":79},[20,121791,121792],{},[43,121793,350],{},[56,121795,121797],{"className":58,"code":121796,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121798,121799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121800,121801,121804,121806,121808,121811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121802,121803],{"class":71},"Maya ",[65,121805,11769],{"class":75},[65,121807,8884],{"class":83},[65,121809,121810],{"class":71}," years old",[65,121812,121813],{"class":79},".\n",[20,121815,121816,121817,144],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[210,121818,89274],{"href":89273},[51,121820,121822,657,121824],{"id":121821},"str-vs-print",[15,121823,47268],{},[15,121825,46036],{},[20,121827,121828],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,121830,121831,121836],{},[36,121832,121833,121835],{},[15,121834,47268],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,121837,121838,121840],{},[15,121839,46036],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121842,267],{},[56,121844,121846],{"className":58,"code":121845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121847,121848,121856,121860,121874,121884,121898],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121849,121850,121852,121854],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121851,2015],{"class":71},[65,121853,76],{"class":75},[65,121855,2335],{"class":83},[65,121857,121858],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121859,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,121861,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870,121872],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121863,34265],{"class":71},[65,121865,76],{"class":75},[65,121867,48489],{"class":1259},[65,121869,151],{"class":79},[65,121871,2040],{"class":147},[65,121873,157],{"class":79},[65,121875,121876,121878,121880,121882],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121877,164],{"class":163},[65,121879,151],{"class":79},[65,121881,34286],{"class":147},[65,121883,157],{"class":79},[65,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,121887,164],{"class":163},[65,121889,151],{"class":79},[65,121891,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121893,151],{"class":79},[65,121895,34286],{"class":147},[65,121897,1028],{"class":79},[65,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,121901,164],{"class":163},[65,121903,151],{"class":79},[65,121905,1260],{"class":1259},[65,121907,151],{"class":79},[65,121909,2040],{"class":147},[65,121911,1028],{"class":79},[20,121913,121914],{},[43,121915,350],{},[56,121917,121919],{"className":58,"code":121918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121920,121921,121925,121939],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121922,121923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121924,46196],{"class":83},[65,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,121928,2857],{"class":75},[65,121930,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121932,603],{"class":487},[65,121934,3010],{"class":491},[65,121936,594],{"class":487},[65,121938,2869],{"class":75},[65,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,121942,2857],{"class":75},[65,121944,2860],{"class":1632},[65,121946,603],{"class":487},[65,121948,1757],{"class":491},[65,121950,594],{"class":487},[65,121952,2869],{"class":75},[20,121954,121955],{},"Notice:",[33,121957,121958,121964,121969],{},[36,121959,121960,121963],{},[15,121961,121962],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,121965,121966,121968],{},[15,121967,46036],{}," only displayed values",[36,121970,121971,121973,121974,121976,121977,60886,121979],{},[15,121972,46036],{}," did not change ",[15,121975,2040],{}," from ",[15,121978,1757],{},[15,121980,3010],{},[20,121982,121983,121984,144],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[210,121985,121986,1870],{"href":46033},[15,121987,46036],{},[51,121989,121991,657,121993,121996],{"id":121990},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121992,47268],{},[15,121994,121995],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121998,121999],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,122001,122002,122007],{},[36,122003,122004,122006],{},[15,122005,47268],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,122008,122009,122011],{},[15,122010,121995],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122013,122014,122015,122017],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122016,47268],{}," much more often.",[20,122019,122020,122021,122023],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122022,47268],{}," is usually the right choice.",[51,122025,1109],{"id":1108},[1286,122027,25350,122029,122031],{"id":122028},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122030,47268],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122033,122034,122036],{},[15,122035,47268],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[56,122038,122040],{"className":58,"code":122039,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122041,122042,122050,122064,122068,122078,122092,122102],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122043,122044,122046,122048],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122045,21203],{"class":71},[65,122047,76],{"class":75},[65,122049,44809],{"class":83},[65,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122053,34265],{"class":71},[65,122055,76],{"class":75},[65,122057,48489],{"class":1259},[65,122059,151],{"class":79},[65,122061,8877],{"class":147},[65,122063,157],{"class":79},[65,122065,122066],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122067,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122071,164],{"class":163},[65,122073,151],{"class":79},[65,122075,8877],{"class":147},[65,122077,157],{"class":79},[65,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,122081,164],{"class":163},[65,122083,151],{"class":79},[65,122085,1260],{"class":1259},[65,122087,151],{"class":79},[65,122089,8877],{"class":147},[65,122091,1028],{"class":79},[65,122093,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,122095,164],{"class":163},[65,122097,151],{"class":79},[65,122099,34286],{"class":147},[65,122101,157],{"class":79},[65,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,122105,164],{"class":163},[65,122107,151],{"class":79},[65,122109,1260],{"class":1259},[65,122111,151],{"class":79},[65,122113,34286],{"class":147},[65,122115,1028],{"class":79},[20,122117,122118],{},[43,122119,350],{},[56,122121,122123],{"className":58,"code":122122,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122124,122125,122129,122143,122147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122126,122127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122128,2275],{"class":83},[65,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122132,2857],{"class":75},[65,122134,2860],{"class":1632},[65,122136,603],{"class":487},[65,122138,1757],{"class":491},[65,122140,594],{"class":487},[65,122142,2869],{"class":75},[65,122144,122145],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122146,2275],{"class":83},[65,122148,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122150,2857],{"class":75},[65,122152,2860],{"class":1632},[65,122154,603],{"class":487},[65,122156,3010],{"class":491},[65,122158,594],{"class":487},[65,122160,2869],{"class":75},[1286,122162,122164],{"id":122163},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122166,6259],{},[56,122168,122170],{"className":58,"code":122169,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122171,122172,122180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122173,122174,122176,122178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122175,21203],{"class":71},[65,122177,76],{"class":75},[65,122179,44809],{"class":83},[65,122181,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190,122192],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122183,34265],{"class":71},[65,122185,76],{"class":75},[65,122187,48489],{"class":1259},[65,122189,151],{"class":79},[65,122191,8877],{"class":147},[65,122193,157],{"class":79},[20,122195,122196],{},"But if you only do this:",[56,122198,122200],{"className":58,"code":122199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122201,122202,122210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122203,122204,122206,122208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122205,21203],{"class":71},[65,122207,76],{"class":75},[65,122209,44809],{"class":83},[65,122211,122212,122214,122216,122218],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122213,3010],{"class":1259},[65,122215,151],{"class":79},[65,122217,8877],{"class":147},[65,122219,157],{"class":79},[20,122221,122222],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1286,122224,7994,122226,122228],{"id":122225},"using-str-too-early",[15,122227,47268],{}," too early",[20,122230,122231],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[56,122233,122235],{"className":58,"code":122234,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122236,122237,122245,122260,122264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122238,122239,122241,122243],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122240,39969],{"class":71},[65,122242,76],{"class":75},[65,122244,2153],{"class":83},[65,122246,122247,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122248,122249],{"class":71},"text_price ",[65,122251,76],{"class":75},[65,122253,48489],{"class":1259},[65,122255,151],{"class":79},[65,122257,24725],{"class":147},[65,122259,157],{"class":79},[65,122261,122262],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122263,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,122265,122266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122267,122268],{"class":175},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122270,122271,122272,214,122276,122280],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[210,122273,122274],{"href":2441},[15,122275,2444],{},[210,122277,122278],{"href":2447},[15,122279,2450],{},", depending on the situation.",[1286,122282,8030,122284,122287],{"id":122283},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122285,122286],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122289,64228],{},[56,122291,122293],{"className":58,"code":122292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122294,122295,122327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122296,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122298,7353],{"class":71},[65,122300,76],{"class":75},[65,122302,1339],{"class":79},[65,122304,488],{"class":487},[65,122306,3648],{"class":491},[65,122308,488],{"class":487},[65,122310,87],{"class":79},[65,122312,499],{"class":487},[65,122314,3657],{"class":491},[65,122316,488],{"class":487},[65,122318,87],{"class":79},[65,122320,499],{"class":487},[65,122322,32797],{"class":491},[65,122324,488],{"class":487},[65,122326,1352],{"class":79},[65,122328,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122330,164],{"class":163},[65,122332,151],{"class":79},[65,122334,3010],{"class":1259},[65,122336,151],{"class":79},[65,122338,7384],{"class":147},[65,122340,1028],{"class":79},[20,122342,122343],{},"prints:",[56,122345,122346],{"className":58,"code":72420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,122347,122348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122349,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372,122374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122351,3469],{"class":79},[65,122353,594],{"class":487},[65,122355,3648],{"class":491},[65,122357,594],{"class":487},[65,122359,87],{"class":79},[65,122361,603],{"class":487},[65,122363,3657],{"class":491},[65,122365,594],{"class":487},[65,122367,87],{"class":79},[65,122369,603],{"class":487},[65,122371,32797],{"class":491},[65,122373,594],{"class":487},[65,122375,1352],{"class":79},[20,122377,122378],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[51,122380,16994],{"id":16993},[20,122382,122383,21550,122385,144],{},[15,122384,47268],{},[43,122386,122387],{},"new string",[20,122389,11034],{},[33,122391,122392,122395,122398],{},[36,122393,122394],{},"It always returns a string",[36,122396,122397],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,122399,7336,122400,122404],{},[210,122401,122402],{"href":1866},[15,122403,1869],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122406,267],{},[56,122408,122410],{"className":58,"code":122409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122411,122412,122420,122435,122439,122450],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122413,122414,122416,122418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122415,2015],{"class":71},[65,122417,76],{"class":75},[65,122419,13705],{"class":83},[65,122421,122422,122425,122427,122429,122431,122433],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122423,122424],{"class":71},"converted ",[65,122426,76],{"class":75},[65,122428,48489],{"class":1259},[65,122430,151],{"class":79},[65,122432,2040],{"class":147},[65,122434,157],{"class":79},[65,122436,122437],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122438,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,122440,122441,122443,122445,122448],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122442,164],{"class":163},[65,122444,151],{"class":79},[65,122446,122447],{"class":147},"converted",[65,122449,157],{"class":79},[65,122451,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,122453,164],{"class":163},[65,122455,151],{"class":79},[65,122457,1260],{"class":1259},[65,122459,151],{"class":79},[65,122461,122447],{"class":147},[65,122463,1028],{"class":79},[20,122465,122466],{},[43,122467,350],{},[56,122469,122471],{"className":58,"code":122470,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122472,122473,122478],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122474,122475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122476,122477],{"class":83},"99\n",[65,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122481,2857],{"class":75},[65,122483,2860],{"class":1632},[65,122485,603],{"class":487},[65,122487,3010],{"class":491},[65,122489,594],{"class":487},[65,122491,2869],{"class":75},[51,122493,113153],{"id":113152},[20,122495,122496,122497,74399],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122498,47268],{},[33,122500,122501,122504,122507,122512],{},[36,122502,122503],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,122505,122506],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,122508,7994,122509,122511],{},[15,122510,47268],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,122513,122514],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122516,122517,122518,144],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[210,122519,25255,122520],{"href":89986},[15,122521,89987],{},[51,122523,122525],{"id":122524},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122527,122528],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[56,122530,122532],{"className":58,"code":122531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122533,122534,122542,122546,122556,122570,122574,122588,122598],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122535,122536,122538,122540],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122537,2015],{"class":71},[65,122539,76],{"class":75},[65,122541,44809],{"class":83},[65,122543,122544],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122545,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,122547,122548,122550,122552,122554],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122549,164],{"class":163},[65,122551,151],{"class":79},[65,122553,2040],{"class":147},[65,122555,157],{"class":79},[65,122557,122558,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122559,164],{"class":163},[65,122561,151],{"class":79},[65,122563,1260],{"class":1259},[65,122565,151],{"class":79},[65,122567,2040],{"class":147},[65,122569,1028],{"class":79},[65,122571,122572],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,122573,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,122575,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584,122586],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,122577,122424],{"class":71},[65,122579,76],{"class":75},[65,122581,48489],{"class":1259},[65,122583,151],{"class":79},[65,122585,2040],{"class":147},[65,122587,157],{"class":79},[65,122589,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,122591,164],{"class":163},[65,122593,151],{"class":79},[65,122595,122447],{"class":147},[65,122597,157],{"class":79},[65,122599,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,122601,164],{"class":163},[65,122603,151],{"class":79},[65,122605,1260],{"class":1259},[65,122607,151],{"class":79},[65,122609,122447],{"class":147},[65,122611,1028],{"class":79},[20,122613,122614,122615,1491,122617,122619,122620,144],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122616,1757],{},[15,122618,1760],{},", or another type into ",[15,122621,3010],{},[51,122623,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,122625,4711,122627,4714],{"id":122626},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122628,47268],{},[20,122630,122631],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1286,122633,1289,122635,122637],{"id":122634},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122636,47268],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122639,122640],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1286,122642,4739,122644,122646],{"id":122643},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122645,47268],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122648,122649],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1286,122651,94172,122653,122655],{"id":122652},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122654,47268],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122657,122658],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1286,122660,14478,122662,56791,122664,1304],{"id":122661},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122663,47268],{},[15,122665,46036],{},[20,122667,45949,122668,122670,122671,122673],{},[15,122669,47268],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122672,46036],{}," shows output.",[51,122675,1455],{"id":1454},[33,122677,122678,122684,122690,122696,122702,122711,122715],{},[36,122679,122680],{},[210,122681,122682,3076],{"href":46033},[15,122683,46036],{},[36,122685,122686],{},[210,122687,122688,3076],{"href":1866},[15,122689,1869],{},[36,122691,122692],{},[210,122693,122694,3076],{"href":2441},[15,122695,2444],{},[36,122697,122698],{},[210,122699,122700,3076],{"href":2447},[15,122701,2450],{},[36,122703,122704],{},[210,122705,122707,122708,122710],{"href":122706},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122709,1757],{}," to string in Python",[36,122712,122713],{},[210,122714,90264],{"href":89273},[36,122716,122717],{},[210,122718,29922,122719],{"href":89986},[15,122720,89987],{},[1499,122722,122723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":122725},[122726,122727,122729,122730,122736,122738,122740,122742,122751,122752,122753,122754,122766],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":121144,"depth":101,"text":122728},"What str() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":121311,"depth":101,"text":121312,"children":122731},[122732,122733,122734,122735],{"id":121315,"depth":126,"text":121316},{"id":121401,"depth":126,"text":121402},{"id":121488,"depth":126,"text":121489},{"id":121574,"depth":126,"text":121575},{"id":121690,"depth":101,"text":122737},"When to use str()",{"id":121821,"depth":101,"text":122739},"str() vs print()",{"id":121990,"depth":101,"text":122741},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":122743},[122744,122746,122747,122749],{"id":122028,"depth":126,"text":122745},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122163,"depth":126,"text":122164},{"id":122225,"depth":126,"text":122748},"Using str() too early",{"id":122283,"depth":126,"text":122750},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":113152,"depth":101,"text":113153},{"id":122524,"depth":101,"text":122525},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":122755},[122756,122758,122760,122762,122764],{"id":122626,"depth":126,"text":122757},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122634,"depth":126,"text":122759},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122643,"depth":126,"text":122761},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122652,"depth":126,"text":122763},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122661,"depth":126,"text":122765},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41759,"description":122767},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122774,"title":122775,"body":122776,"description":124229,"extension":1528,"meta":124230,"navigation":129,"path":124231,"seo":124232,"stem":124233,"__hash__":124234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122777,"toc":124191},[122778,122784,122790,122793,122815,122817,122879,122881,122894,122900,122905,122910,122912,122925,122936,122938,122965,122967,122984,122991,123002,123004,123009,123011,123023,123031,123040,123042,123045,123098,123100,123108,123116,123120,123125,123165,123167,123175,123178,123180,123220,123222,123230,123240,123246,123249,123322,123324,123337,123341,123346,123374,123377,123412,123414,123422,123425,123429,123433,123435,123451,123453,123493,123495,123503,123512,123555,123557,123565,123567,123571,123577,123580,123620,123622,123630,123635,123638,123681,123685,123688,123723,123728,123730,123769,123779,123787,123797,123805,123809,123814,123816,123857,123859,123867,123872,123875,123878,123896,123902,123906,123911,123914,123954,123956,123961,124060,124063,124079,124081,124100,124102,124109,124112,124118,124121,124127,124131,124137,124140,124146,124149,124151,124188],[10,122779,122781,122782,18],{"id":122780},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122783,56875],{},[20,122785,122786,122787,122789],{},"The Python string ",[15,122788,56875],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122791,122792],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,122794,122795,122799,122802,122804,122812],{},[36,122796,25595,122797,186],{},[15,122798,56875],{},[36,122800,122801],{},"its syntax",[36,122803,34973],{},[36,122805,122806,122807,634,122809,122811],{},"how ",[15,122808,35652],{},[15,122810,52246],{}," work",[36,122813,122814],{},"common beginner mistakes",[51,122816,1570],{"id":1569},[56,122818,122820],{"className":58,"code":122819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122821,122822,122834,122856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122823,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122825,34265],{"class":71},[65,122827,76],{"class":75},[65,122829,499],{"class":487},[65,122831,3657],{"class":491},[65,122833,2925],{"class":487},[65,122835,122836,122838,122840,122842,122844,122846,122848,122850,122852,122854],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122837,164],{"class":163},[65,122839,151],{"class":79},[65,122841,34286],{"class":147},[65,122843,144],{"class":79},[65,122845,40842],{"class":147},[65,122847,151],{"class":79},[65,122849,488],{"class":487},[65,122851,210],{"class":491},[65,122853,488],{"class":487},[65,122855,1028],{"class":79},[65,122857,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122875,122877],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,122859,164],{"class":163},[65,122861,151],{"class":79},[65,122863,34286],{"class":147},[65,122865,144],{"class":79},[65,122867,40842],{"class":147},[65,122869,151],{"class":79},[65,122871,488],{"class":487},[65,122873,122874],{"class":491},"na",[65,122876,488],{"class":487},[65,122878,1028],{"class":79},[20,122880,350],{},[56,122882,122884],{"className":58,"code":122883,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n2\n",[15,122885,122886,122890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122887,122888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122889,46201],{"class":83},[65,122891,122892],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,122893,16632],{"class":83},[20,122895,1660,122896,122899],{},[15,122897,122898],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[51,122901,12572,122903,12575],{"id":122902},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122904,56875],{},[20,122906,122907,122909],{},[15,122908,56875],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122911,12628],{},[33,122913,122914,122917,122920,122922],{},[36,122915,122916],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,122918,122919],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,122921,43242],{},[36,122923,122924],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122926,122927,122928,122930,122931,1491,122933,122935],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122929,17671],{}," characters are in ",[15,122932,64859],{},[15,122934,56875],{}," is a simple choice.",[51,122937,222],{"id":221},[56,122939,122941],{"className":58,"code":122940,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122942,122943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122944,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957,122959,122961,122963],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122946,60759],{"class":71},[65,122948,144],{"class":79},[65,122950,40842],{"class":147},[65,122952,151],{"class":79},[65,122954,2040],{"class":147},[65,122956,87],{"class":79},[65,122958,35631],{"class":147},[65,122960,87],{"class":79},[65,122962,64625],{"class":147},[65,122964,157],{"class":79},[1286,122966,16970],{"id":16969},[33,122968,122969,122974,122979],{},[36,122970,122971,122973],{},[15,122972,2040],{},": the text to search for",[36,122975,122976,122978],{},[15,122977,35652],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,122980,122981,122983],{},[15,122982,52246],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122985,122986,634,122988,122990],{},[15,122987,35652],{},[15,122989,52246],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,122992,122993,122998],{},[36,122994,122995,122997],{},[15,122996,35652],{}," is included",[36,122999,123000,75325],{},[15,123001,52246],{},[51,123003,16994],{"id":16993},[20,123005,123006,123008],{},[15,123007,56875],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123010,1694],{},[33,123012,123013,123018],{},[36,123014,123015,123016],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123017,111],{},[36,123019,123020,123021],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123022,1688],{},[20,123024,40488,123025,4730,123027,214,123029,144],{},[43,123026,45],{},[15,123028,3172],{},[15,123030,3240],{},[20,123032,123033,123034,123039],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[210,123035,123037,950],{"href":123036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123038,3451],{}," is often a better fit.",[51,123041,467],{"id":466},[20,123043,123044],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[56,123046,123048],{"className":58,"code":123047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123049,123050,123062,123084,123088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123051,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123053,34265],{"class":71},[65,123055,76],{"class":75},[65,123057,499],{"class":487},[65,123059,3648],{"class":491},[65,123061,2925],{"class":487},[65,123063,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123065,136],{"class":71},[65,123067,76],{"class":75},[65,123069,42425],{"class":71},[65,123071,144],{"class":79},[65,123073,40842],{"class":147},[65,123075,151],{"class":79},[65,123077,488],{"class":487},[65,123079,20],{"class":491},[65,123081,488],{"class":487},[65,123083,157],{"class":79},[65,123085,123086],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,123087,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,123089,123090,123092,123094,123096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123091,164],{"class":163},[65,123093,151],{"class":79},[65,123095,169],{"class":147},[65,123097,157],{"class":79},[20,123099,350],{},[56,123101,123102],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123103,123104],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123105,123106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123107,16632],{"class":83},[20,123109,63404,123110,123113,123114,144],{},[15,123111,123112],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123115,57418],{},[51,123117,123119],{"id":123118},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123121,123122,123124],{},[15,123123,56875],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[56,123126,123128],{"className":58,"code":123127,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123129,123130,123143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123131,123132,123134,123136,123138,123141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123133,34265],{"class":71},[65,123135,76],{"class":75},[65,123137,499],{"class":487},[65,123139,123140],{"class":491},"cat dog cat bird cat",[65,123142,2925],{"class":487},[65,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123146,164],{"class":163},[65,123148,151],{"class":79},[65,123150,34286],{"class":147},[65,123152,144],{"class":79},[65,123154,40842],{"class":147},[65,123156,151],{"class":79},[65,123158,488],{"class":487},[65,123160,36627],{"class":491},[65,123162,488],{"class":487},[65,123164,1028],{"class":79},[20,123166,350],{},[56,123168,123169],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123170,123171],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123172,123173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123174,46201],{"class":83},[20,123176,123177],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123179,267],{},[56,123181,123183],{"className":58,"code":123182,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123184,123185,123198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123186,123187,123189,123191,123193,123196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123188,34265],{"class":71},[65,123190,76],{"class":75},[65,123192,499],{"class":487},[65,123194,123195],{"class":491},"one One one",[65,123197,2925],{"class":487},[65,123199,123200,123202,123204,123206,123208,123210,123212,123214,123216,123218],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123201,164],{"class":163},[65,123203,151],{"class":79},[65,123205,34286],{"class":147},[65,123207,144],{"class":79},[65,123209,40842],{"class":147},[65,123211,151],{"class":79},[65,123213,488],{"class":487},[65,123215,6156],{"class":491},[65,123217,488],{"class":487},[65,123219,1028],{"class":79},[20,123221,350],{},[56,123223,123224],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123225,123226],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123227,123228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123229,16632],{"class":83},[20,123231,123232,123233,123236,123237,123239],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123234,123235],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123238,56875],{}," is case-sensitive.",[51,123241,7994,123242,634,123244],{"id":64990},[15,123243,35652],{},[15,123245,52246],{},[20,123247,123248],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[56,123250,123252],{"className":58,"code":123251,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123253,123254,123266,123292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123255,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123257,34265],{"class":71},[65,123259,76],{"class":75},[65,123261,499],{"class":487},[65,123263,3657],{"class":491},[65,123265,2925],{"class":487},[65,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123269,164],{"class":163},[65,123271,151],{"class":79},[65,123273,34286],{"class":147},[65,123275,144],{"class":79},[65,123277,40842],{"class":147},[65,123279,151],{"class":79},[65,123281,488],{"class":487},[65,123283,210],{"class":491},[65,123285,488],{"class":487},[65,123287,87],{"class":79},[65,123289,90],{"class":83},[65,123291,1028],{"class":79},[65,123293,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,123295,164],{"class":163},[65,123297,151],{"class":79},[65,123299,34286],{"class":147},[65,123301,144],{"class":79},[65,123303,40842],{"class":147},[65,123305,151],{"class":79},[65,123307,488],{"class":487},[65,123309,210],{"class":491},[65,123311,488],{"class":487},[65,123313,87],{"class":79},[65,123315,90],{"class":83},[65,123317,87],{"class":79},[65,123319,121],{"class":83},[65,123321,1028],{"class":79},[20,123323,350],{},[56,123325,123327],{"className":58,"code":123326,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n1\n",[15,123328,123329,123333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123330,123331],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123332,16632],{"class":83},[65,123334,123335],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123336,46501],{"class":83},[1286,123338,123340],{"id":123339},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123342,123343,123344,191],{},"In ",[15,123345,64859],{},[33,123347,123348,123356,123364],{},[36,123349,70549,123350,123352,123353],{},[15,123351,1624],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123354,123355],{},"\"n\"",[36,123357,123358,123361,123362,75623],{},[15,123359,123360],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123363,1624],{},[36,123365,123366,123361,123369,123371,123372],{},[15,123367,123368],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123370,1624],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123373,1705],{},[20,123375,123376],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[56,123378,123380],{"className":58,"code":123379,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123381,123382,123394],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123383,123384,123386,123388,123390,123392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123385,34265],{"class":71},[65,123387,76],{"class":75},[65,123389,499],{"class":487},[65,123391,3657],{"class":491},[65,123393,2925],{"class":487},[65,123395,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123397,164],{"class":163},[65,123399,151],{"class":79},[65,123401,34286],{"class":147},[65,123403,3469],{"class":79},[65,123405,1624],{"class":83},[65,123407,191],{"class":79},[65,123409,1705],{"class":83},[65,123411,3457],{"class":79},[20,123413,350],{},[56,123415,123416],{"className":58,"code":41051,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123417,123418],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123419,123420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123421,41051],{"class":71},[20,123423,123424],{},"Only that section is searched.",[51,123426,123428],{"id":123427},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123430,123431,123239],{},[15,123432,56875],{},[20,123434,1675],{},[33,123436,123437,123445],{},[36,123438,123439,634,123441,123444],{},[15,123440,17671],{},[15,123442,123443],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,123446,123447,634,123449,123444],{},[15,123448,64119],{},[15,123450,89999],{},[20,123452,267],{},[56,123454,123456],{"className":58,"code":123455,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123457,123458,123471],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123459,123460,123462,123464,123466,123469],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123461,34265],{"class":71},[65,123463,76],{"class":75},[65,123465,499],{"class":487},[65,123467,123468],{"class":491},"Apple apple APPLE",[65,123470,2925],{"class":487},[65,123472,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123474,164],{"class":163},[65,123476,151],{"class":79},[65,123478,34286],{"class":147},[65,123480,144],{"class":79},[65,123482,40842],{"class":147},[65,123484,151],{"class":79},[65,123486,488],{"class":487},[65,123488,3648],{"class":491},[65,123490,488],{"class":487},[65,123492,1028],{"class":79},[20,123494,350],{},[56,123496,123497],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123498,123499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123500,123501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123502,46501],{"class":83},[20,123504,123505,123506,191],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[210,123507,123509],{"href":123508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123510,123511],{},"lower()",[56,123513,123515],{"className":58,"code":123514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123516,123517,123529],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123518,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123520,34265],{"class":71},[65,123522,76],{"class":75},[65,123524,499],{"class":487},[65,123526,123468],{"class":491},[65,123528,2925],{"class":487},[65,123530,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123532,164],{"class":163},[65,123534,151],{"class":79},[65,123536,34286],{"class":147},[65,123538,144],{"class":79},[65,123540,8217],{"class":147},[65,123542,8214],{"class":79},[65,123544,40842],{"class":147},[65,123546,151],{"class":79},[65,123548,488],{"class":487},[65,123550,3648],{"class":491},[65,123552,488],{"class":487},[65,123554,1028],{"class":79},[20,123556,350],{},[56,123558,123559],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123560,123561],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123562,123563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123564,46201],{"class":83},[51,123566,2396],{"id":2395},[20,123568,22669,123569,144],{},[15,123570,56875],{},[1286,123572,8030,123574,123576],{"id":123573},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123575,56875],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123578,123579],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[56,123581,123583],{"className":58,"code":123582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123584,123585,123598],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123586,123587,123589,123591,123593,123596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123588,34265],{"class":71},[65,123590,76],{"class":75},[65,123592,499],{"class":487},[65,123594,123595],{"class":491},"Aardvark",[65,123597,2925],{"class":487},[65,123599,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123601,164],{"class":163},[65,123603,151],{"class":79},[65,123605,34286],{"class":147},[65,123607,144],{"class":79},[65,123609,40842],{"class":147},[65,123611,151],{"class":79},[65,123613,488],{"class":487},[65,123615,210],{"class":491},[65,123617,488],{"class":487},[65,123619,1028],{"class":79},[20,123621,350],{},[56,123623,123624],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123625,123626],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123627,123628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123629,16632],{"class":83},[20,123631,123232,123632,123634],{},[15,123633,123443],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123636,123637],{},"If needed, convert first:",[56,123639,123641],{"className":58,"code":123640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123642,123643,123655],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123644,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123646,34265],{"class":71},[65,123648,76],{"class":75},[65,123650,499],{"class":487},[65,123652,123595],{"class":491},[65,123654,2925],{"class":487},[65,123656,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675,123677,123679],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123658,164],{"class":163},[65,123660,151],{"class":79},[65,123662,34286],{"class":147},[65,123664,144],{"class":79},[65,123666,8217],{"class":147},[65,123668,8214],{"class":79},[65,123670,40842],{"class":147},[65,123672,151],{"class":79},[65,123674,488],{"class":487},[65,123676,210],{"class":491},[65,123678,488],{"class":487},[65,123680,1028],{"class":79},[1286,123682,123684],{"id":123683},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123686,123687],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[56,123689,123691],{"className":58,"code":123690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123692,123693,123705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123694,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123696,34265],{"class":71},[65,123698,76],{"class":75},[65,123700,499],{"class":487},[65,123702,3657],{"class":491},[65,123704,2925],{"class":487},[65,123706,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123708,164],{"class":163},[65,123710,151],{"class":79},[65,123712,34286],{"class":147},[65,123714,144],{"class":79},[65,123716,40842],{"class":147},[65,123718,151],{"class":79},[65,123720,210],{"class":147},[65,123722,1028],{"class":79},[20,123724,123725,123726,144],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123727,210],{},[20,123729,10383],{},[56,123731,123733],{"className":58,"code":123732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123734,123735,123747],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123736,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123738,34265],{"class":71},[65,123740,76],{"class":75},[65,123742,499],{"class":487},[65,123744,3657],{"class":491},[65,123746,2925],{"class":487},[65,123748,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123750,164],{"class":163},[65,123752,151],{"class":79},[65,123754,34286],{"class":147},[65,123756,144],{"class":79},[65,123758,40842],{"class":147},[65,123760,151],{"class":79},[65,123762,488],{"class":487},[65,123764,210],{"class":491},[65,123766,488],{"class":487},[65,123768,1028],{"class":79},[1286,123770,36784,123772,8282,123774,214,123777],{"id":123771},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123773,56875],{},[15,123775,123776],{},"find()",[15,123778,58552],{},[20,123780,1660,123781,123783,123784,144],{},[15,123782,56875],{}," when you need the ",[43,123785,123786],{},"number of matches",[20,123788,1660,123789,123783,123794,123796],{},[210,123790,123792],{"href":123791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123793,123776],{},[43,123795,64531],{}," of the first match.",[20,123798,1660,123799,123804],{},[210,123800,123802],{"href":123801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123803,58552],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1286,123806,123808],{"id":123807},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123810,123811,123813],{},[15,123812,56875],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123815,267],{},[56,123817,123819],{"className":58,"code":123818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123820,123821,123834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123822,123823,123825,123827,123829,123832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123824,34265],{"class":71},[65,123826,76],{"class":75},[65,123828,499],{"class":487},[65,123830,123831],{"class":491},"aaaa",[65,123833,2925],{"class":487},[65,123835,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123853,123855],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123837,164],{"class":163},[65,123839,151],{"class":79},[65,123841,34286],{"class":147},[65,123843,144],{"class":79},[65,123845,40842],{"class":147},[65,123847,151],{"class":79},[65,123849,488],{"class":487},[65,123851,123852],{"class":491},"aa",[65,123854,488],{"class":487},[65,123856,1028],{"class":79},[20,123858,350],{},[56,123860,123861],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123862,123863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123864,123865],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123866,16632],{"class":83},[20,123868,123869,123870,144],{},"It does not return ",[15,123871,111],{},[20,123873,123874],{},"Why not?",[20,123876,123877],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,123879,123880,123889],{},[36,123881,123882,123885,123886],{},[15,123883,123884],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123887,123888],{},"0-1",[36,123890,123891,123885,123893],{},[15,123892,123884],{},[15,123894,123895],{},"2-3",[20,123897,123898,123899,144],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123900,123901],{},"1-2",[51,123903,4529,123904],{"id":57958},[15,123905,56875],{},[20,123907,1660,123908,123910],{},[15,123909,56875],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123912,123913],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,123915,123916,123925,123935,123945],{},[36,123917,1660,123918,123920,123921,123924],{},[15,123919,56875],{}," when you need ",[43,123922,123923],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,123926,1660,123927,123920,123931,123934],{},[210,123928,123929],{"href":123791},[15,123930,123776],{},[43,123932,123933],{},"where"," it appears",[36,123936,47395,123937,123941,123942],{},[210,123938,123939,950],{"href":123036},[15,123940,3451],{}," when you only need to know ",[43,123943,123944],{},"if it exists",[36,123946,1660,123947,123953],{},[210,123948,123950],{"href":123949},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123951,123952],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[51,123955,25518],{"id":25517},[20,123957,8453,123958,123960],{},[15,123959,56875],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[56,123962,123964],{"className":58,"code":123963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123965,123966,123976,123990,124012,124038],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123969,164],{"class":163},[65,123971,151],{"class":79},[65,123973,34286],{"class":147},[65,123975,157],{"class":79},[65,123977,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,123979,164],{"class":163},[65,123981,151],{"class":79},[65,123983,1260],{"class":1259},[65,123985,151],{"class":79},[65,123987,34286],{"class":147},[65,123989,1028],{"class":79},[65,123991,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,123993,164],{"class":163},[65,123995,151],{"class":79},[65,123997,34286],{"class":147},[65,123999,144],{"class":79},[65,124001,40842],{"class":147},[65,124003,151],{"class":79},[65,124005,488],{"class":487},[65,124007,210],{"class":491},[65,124009,488],{"class":487},[65,124011,1028],{"class":79},[65,124013,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124015,164],{"class":163},[65,124017,151],{"class":79},[65,124019,34286],{"class":147},[65,124021,144],{"class":79},[65,124023,8217],{"class":147},[65,124025,8214],{"class":79},[65,124027,40842],{"class":147},[65,124029,151],{"class":79},[65,124031,488],{"class":487},[65,124033,210],{"class":491},[65,124035,488],{"class":487},[65,124037,1028],{"class":79},[65,124039,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124041,164],{"class":163},[65,124043,151],{"class":79},[65,124045,34286],{"class":147},[65,124047,144],{"class":79},[65,124049,40842],{"class":147},[65,124051,151],{"class":79},[65,124053,488],{"class":487},[65,124055,122874],{"class":491},[65,124057,488],{"class":487},[65,124059,1028],{"class":79},[20,124061,124062],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,124064,124065,124068,124073,124076],{},[36,124066,124067],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,124069,124070,124072],{},[15,124071,34286],{}," not being a string",[36,124074,124075],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,124077,124078],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124080,1161],{},[33,124082,124083,124086,124089,124092],{},[36,124084,124085],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,124087,124088],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,124090,124091],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,124093,1166,124094,1169,124096,214,124098,72895],{},[15,124095,56875],{},[15,124097,123776],{},[15,124099,3451],{},[51,124101,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,124103,124105,124106,124108],{"id":124104},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124107,56875],{}," change the original string?",[20,124110,124111],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1286,124113,14478,124115,124117],{"id":124114},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124116,56875],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124119,124120],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1286,124122,4711,124124,124126],{"id":124123},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124125,56875],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124128,4717,124129,144],{},[15,124130,1688],{},[1286,124132,4739,124134,124136],{"id":124133},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124135,56875],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124138,124139],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1286,124141,1289,124143,124145],{"id":124142},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124144,56875],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124147,124148],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[51,124150,1455],{"id":1454},[33,124152,124153,124160,124167,124174,124181],{},[36,124154,124155],{},[210,124156,124157],{"href":123791},[15,124158,124159],{},"Python string find() method",[36,124161,124162],{},[210,124163,124164],{"href":123801},[15,124165,124166],{},"Python string index() method",[36,124168,124169],{},[210,124170,124171],{"href":123508},[15,124172,124173],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,124175,124176],{},[210,124177,124178],{"href":123036},[15,124179,124180],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,124182,124183],{},[210,124184,124185],{"href":123949},[15,124186,124187],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1499,124189,124190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":124192},[124193,124194,124196,124199,124200,124201,124202,124205,124206,124214,124215,124216,124228],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":122902,"depth":101,"text":124195},"What the count() method does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":124197},[124198],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":123118,"depth":101,"text":123119},{"id":64990,"depth":101,"text":65773,"children":124203},[124204],{"id":123339,"depth":126,"text":123340},{"id":123427,"depth":101,"text":123428},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":124207},[124208,124210,124211,124213],{"id":123573,"depth":126,"text":124209},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123683,"depth":126,"text":123684},{"id":123771,"depth":126,"text":124212},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123807,"depth":126,"text":123808},{"id":57958,"depth":101,"text":58588},{"id":25517,"depth":101,"text":25518},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":124217},[124218,124220,124222,124224,124226],{"id":124104,"depth":126,"text":124219},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124114,"depth":126,"text":124221},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124123,"depth":126,"text":124223},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124133,"depth":126,"text":124225},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124142,"depth":126,"text":124227},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122775,"description":124229},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124236,"title":124237,"body":124238,"description":125823,"extension":1528,"meta":125824,"navigation":129,"path":125825,"seo":125826,"stem":125827,"__hash__":125828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124239,"toc":125796},[124240,124243,124246,124343,124352,124354,124373,124377,124380,124383,124396,124399,124428,124433,124438,124496,124498,124531,124537,124541,124544,124547,124576,124579,124606,124609,124612,124616,124619,124626,124689,124691,124709,124712,124716,124719,124722,124764,124767,124811,124814,124817,124821,124826,124829,124872,124874,124897,124900,124933,124936,124985,124995,124999,125002,125005,125034,125037,125048,125050,125109,125112,125116,125119,125122,125137,125146,125149,125183,125186,125213,125216,125223,125225,125228,125230,125233,125247,125256,125258,125285,125289,125292,125306,125309,125368,125372,125375,125402,125405,125432,125440,125443,125503,125505,125538,125542,125545,125564,125569,125618,125623,125625,125628,125687,125705,125707,125711,125719,125723,125726,125730,125736,125740,125750,125754,125757,125759,125793],[10,124241,124237],{"id":124242},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124244,124245],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[56,124247,124249],{"className":58,"code":124248,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124250,124251,124263,124275,124284,124298,124302,124312,124322,124333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124252,124253,124255,124257,124259,124261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124254,7451],{"class":71},[65,124256,76],{"class":75},[65,124258,499],{"class":487},[65,124260,4572],{"class":491},[65,124262,2925],{"class":487},[65,124264,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124266,89588],{"class":71},[65,124268,76],{"class":75},[65,124270,603],{"class":487},[65,124272,34445],{"class":491},[65,124274,29275],{"class":487},[65,124276,124277,124280,124282],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124278,124279],{"class":71},"empty ",[65,124281,76],{"class":75},[65,124283,7456],{"class":487},[65,124285,124286,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124287,34265],{"class":71},[65,124289,76],{"class":75},[65,124291,48489],{"class":1259},[65,124293,151],{"class":79},[65,124295,49831],{"class":83},[65,124297,157],{"class":79},[65,124299,124300],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124301,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124303,124304,124306,124308,124310],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,124305,164],{"class":163},[65,124307,151],{"class":79},[65,124309,7241],{"class":147},[65,124311,157],{"class":79},[65,124313,124314,124316,124318,124320],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,124315,164],{"class":163},[65,124317,151],{"class":79},[65,124319,89605],{"class":147},[65,124321,157],{"class":79},[65,124323,124324,124326,124328,124331],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,124325,164],{"class":163},[65,124327,151],{"class":79},[65,124329,124330],{"class":147},"empty",[65,124332,157],{"class":79},[65,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,124336,164],{"class":163},[65,124338,151],{"class":79},[65,124340,34286],{"class":147},[65,124342,157],{"class":79},[20,124344,124345,124348,124349,124351],{},[43,124346,124347],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124350,47268],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[51,124353,14738],{"id":14737},[33,124355,124356,124359,124362,124365,124370],{},[36,124357,124358],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,124360,124361],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,124363,124364],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,124366,124367,124368],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124369,47268],{},[36,124371,124372],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[51,124374,124376],{"id":124375},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124378,124379],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124381,124382],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,124384,124385,124388,124390,124393],{},[36,124386,124387],{},"Letters",[36,124389,56048],{},[36,124391,124392],{},"Spaces",[36,124394,124395],{},"Symbols",[20,124397,124398],{},"Examples of strings:",[56,124400,124402],{"className":58,"code":124401,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124403,124404,124412,124420],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124405,124406,124408,124410],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124407,488],{"class":42912},[65,124409,3412],{"class":42916},[65,124411,2925],{"class":42912},[65,124413,124414,124416,124418],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124415,488],{"class":42912},[65,124417,49831],{"class":42916},[65,124419,2925],{"class":42912},[65,124421,124422,124424,124426],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124423,488],{"class":42912},[65,124425,88730],{"class":42916},[65,124427,2925],{"class":42912},[20,124429,20553,124430,124432],{},[15,124431,49881],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124434,124435,124436,191],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124437,1869],{},[56,124439,124441],{"className":58,"code":124440,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124442,124443,124455,124464,124468,124482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124444,124445,124447,124449,124451,124453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124446,34265],{"class":71},[65,124448,76],{"class":75},[65,124450,499],{"class":487},[65,124452,49831],{"class":491},[65,124454,2925],{"class":487},[65,124456,124457,124459,124461],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124458,1785],{"class":71},[65,124460,76],{"class":75},[65,124462,124463],{"class":83}," 123\n",[65,124465,124466],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124467,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124469,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478,124480],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124471,164],{"class":163},[65,124473,151],{"class":79},[65,124475,1260],{"class":1259},[65,124477,151],{"class":79},[65,124479,34286],{"class":147},[65,124481,1028],{"class":79},[65,124483,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124485,164],{"class":163},[65,124487,151],{"class":79},[65,124489,1260],{"class":1259},[65,124491,151],{"class":79},[65,124493,1807],{"class":147},[65,124495,1028],{"class":79},[20,124497,350],{},[56,124499,124501],{"className":58,"code":124500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124502,124503,124517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124504,124505,124507,124509,124511,124513,124515],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124506,2857],{"class":75},[65,124508,2860],{"class":1632},[65,124510,603],{"class":487},[65,124512,3010],{"class":491},[65,124514,594],{"class":487},[65,124516,2869],{"class":75},[65,124518,124519,124521,124523,124525,124527,124529],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124520,2857],{"class":75},[65,124522,2860],{"class":1632},[65,124524,603],{"class":487},[65,124526,1757],{"class":491},[65,124528,594],{"class":487},[65,124530,2869],{"class":75},[20,124532,124533,124534,144],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[210,124535,124536],{"href":50560},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[51,124538,124540],{"id":124539},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124542,124543],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124545,124546],{},"You can use single quotes:",[56,124548,124550],{"className":58,"code":124549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124551,124552,124565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124553,124554,124557,124559,124561,124563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124555,124556],{"class":71},"greeting ",[65,124558,76],{"class":75},[65,124560,603],{"class":487},[65,124562,3412],{"class":491},[65,124564,29275],{"class":487},[65,124566,124567,124569,124571,124574],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124568,164],{"class":163},[65,124570,151],{"class":79},[65,124572,124573],{"class":147},"greeting",[65,124575,157],{"class":79},[20,124577,124578],{},"Or double quotes:",[56,124580,124582],{"className":58,"code":124581,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124583,124584,124596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124585,124586,124588,124590,124592,124594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124587,124556],{"class":71},[65,124589,76],{"class":75},[65,124591,499],{"class":487},[65,124593,3412],{"class":491},[65,124595,2925],{"class":487},[65,124597,124598,124600,124602,124604],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124599,164],{"class":163},[65,124601,151],{"class":79},[65,124603,124573],{"class":147},[65,124605,157],{"class":79},[20,124607,124608],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124610,124611],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[51,124613,124615],{"id":124614},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124617,124618],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124620,124621,124622,214,124624,191],{},"Use either ",[15,124623,5842],{},[15,124625,3339],{},[56,124627,124629],{"className":58,"code":124628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124630,124631,124640,124649,124653,124664,124675],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124632,124633,124636,124638],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124634,124635],{"class":71},"empty1 ",[65,124637,76],{"class":75},[65,124639,7456],{"class":487},[65,124641,124642,124645,124647],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124643,124644],{"class":71},"empty2 ",[65,124646,76],{"class":75},[65,124648,47080],{"class":487},[65,124650,124651],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124652,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124654,124655,124657,124659,124662],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124656,164],{"class":163},[65,124658,151],{"class":79},[65,124660,124661],{"class":147},"empty1",[65,124663,157],{"class":79},[65,124665,124666,124668,124670,124673],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124667,164],{"class":163},[65,124669,151],{"class":79},[65,124671,124672],{"class":147},"empty2",[65,124674,157],{"class":79},[65,124676,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,124678,164],{"class":163},[65,124680,151],{"class":79},[65,124682,1260],{"class":1259},[65,124684,151],{"class":79},[65,124686,124661],{"class":147},[65,124688,1028],{"class":79},[20,124690,350],{},[56,124692,124693],{"className":58,"code":45354,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,124694,124695],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124696,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124698,2857],{"class":75},[65,124700,2860],{"class":1632},[65,124702,603],{"class":487},[65,124704,3010],{"class":491},[65,124706,594],{"class":487},[65,124708,2869],{"class":75},[20,124710,124711],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[51,124713,124715],{"id":124714},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124717,124718],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124720,124721],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[56,124723,124725],{"className":58,"code":124724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124726,124727,124738,124743,124750,124754],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124728,124729,124731,124733,124736],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124730,89588],{"class":71},[65,124732,76],{"class":75},[65,124734,124735],{"class":487}," \"\"\"",[65,124737,88530],{"class":491},[65,124739,124740],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124741,124742],{"class":491},"Welcome to Python\n",[65,124744,124745,124748],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124746,124747],{"class":491},"Have a nice day",[65,124749,42920],{"class":487},[65,124751,124752],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124753,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124755,124756,124758,124760,124762],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124757,164],{"class":163},[65,124759,151],{"class":79},[65,124761,89605],{"class":147},[65,124763,157],{"class":79},[20,124765,124766],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[56,124768,124770],{"className":58,"code":124769,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124771,124772,124784,124789,124797,124801],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124773,124774,124776,124778,124781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124775,89588],{"class":71},[65,124777,76],{"class":75},[65,124779,124780],{"class":487}," '''",[65,124782,124783],{"class":491},"Line 1\n",[65,124785,124786],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124787,124788],{"class":491},"Line 2\n",[65,124790,124791,124794],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124792,124793],{"class":491},"Line 3",[65,124795,124796],{"class":487},"'''\n",[65,124798,124799],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124800,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124802,124803,124805,124807,124809],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,124804,164],{"class":163},[65,124806,151],{"class":79},[65,124808,89605],{"class":147},[65,124810,157],{"class":79},[20,124812,124813],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124815,124816],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[51,124818,124820],{"id":124819},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124822,1545,124823,124825],{},[15,124824,47268],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124827,124828],{},"Example with a number:",[56,124830,124832],{"className":58,"code":124831,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124833,124834,124848,124858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124837,34265],{"class":71},[65,124839,76],{"class":75},[65,124841,48489],{"class":1259},[65,124843,151],{"class":79},[65,124845,46110],{"class":83},[65,124847,157],{"class":79},[65,124849,124850,124852,124854,124856],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124851,164],{"class":163},[65,124853,151],{"class":79},[65,124855,34286],{"class":147},[65,124857,157],{"class":79},[65,124859,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124861,164],{"class":163},[65,124863,151],{"class":79},[65,124865,1260],{"class":1259},[65,124867,151],{"class":79},[65,124869,34286],{"class":147},[65,124871,1028],{"class":79},[20,124873,350],{},[56,124875,124877],{"className":58,"code":124876,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124878,124879,124883],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124880,124881],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124882,46196],{"class":83},[65,124884,124885,124887,124889,124891,124893,124895],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124886,2857],{"class":75},[65,124888,2860],{"class":1632},[65,124890,603],{"class":487},[65,124892,3010],{"class":491},[65,124894,594],{"class":487},[65,124896,2869],{"class":75},[20,124898,124899],{},"You can also convert other values:",[56,124901,124903],{"className":58,"code":124902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124904,124905,124919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124906,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124908,164],{"class":163},[65,124910,151],{"class":79},[65,124912,3010],{"class":1259},[65,124914,151],{"class":79},[65,124916,3172],{"class":3419},[65,124918,1028],{"class":79},[65,124920,124921,124923,124925,124927,124929,124931],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124922,164],{"class":163},[65,124924,151],{"class":79},[65,124926,3010],{"class":1259},[65,124928,151],{"class":79},[65,124930,39725],{"class":83},[65,124932,1028],{"class":79},[20,124934,124935],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[56,124937,124939],{"className":58,"code":124938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124940,124941,124949,124971,124975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124942,124943,124945,124947],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124944,21203],{"class":71},[65,124946,76],{"class":75},[65,124948,44809],{"class":83},[65,124950,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,124952,89588],{"class":71},[65,124954,76],{"class":75},[65,124956,499],{"class":487},[65,124958,89006],{"class":491},[65,124960,488],{"class":487},[65,124962,2022],{"class":75},[65,124964,48489],{"class":1259},[65,124966,151],{"class":79},[65,124968,8877],{"class":147},[65,124970,157],{"class":79},[65,124972,124973],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,124974,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,124976,124977,124979,124981,124983],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124978,164],{"class":163},[65,124980,151],{"class":79},[65,124982,89605],{"class":147},[65,124984,157],{"class":79},[20,124986,124987,124988,214,124992,144],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[210,124989,3143,124990,3076],{"href":41758},[15,124991,47268],{},[210,124993,124994],{"href":122706},"how to convert int to string in Python",[51,124996,124998],{"id":124997},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125000,125001],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125003,125004],{},"Both of these are valid:",[56,125006,125008],{"className":58,"code":125007,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125009,125010,125022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125011,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125013,72],{"class":71},[65,125015,76],{"class":75},[65,125017,603],{"class":487},[65,125019,6869],{"class":491},[65,125021,29275],{"class":487},[65,125023,125024,125026,125028,125030,125032],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125025,104],{"class":71},[65,125027,76],{"class":75},[65,125029,499],{"class":487},[65,125031,6869],{"class":491},[65,125033,2925],{"class":487},[20,125035,125036],{},"A common rule is:",[33,125038,125039,125042,125045],{},[36,125040,125041],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,125043,125044],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,125046,125047],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125049,267],{},[56,125051,125053],{"className":58,"code":125052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125054,125055,125069,125083,125087,125098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125056,125057,125060,125062,125064,125067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125058,125059],{"class":71},"text1 ",[65,125061,76],{"class":75},[65,125063,499],{"class":487},[65,125065,125066],{"class":491},"It's working",[65,125068,2925],{"class":487},[65,125070,125071,125074,125076,125078,125081],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125072,125073],{"class":71},"text2 ",[65,125075,76],{"class":75},[65,125077,603],{"class":487},[65,125079,125080],{"class":491},"She said \"hello\"",[65,125082,29275],{"class":487},[65,125084,125085],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125086,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125088,125089,125091,125093,125096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125090,164],{"class":163},[65,125092,151],{"class":79},[65,125094,125095],{"class":147},"text1",[65,125097,157],{"class":79},[65,125099,125100,125102,125104,125107],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,125101,164],{"class":163},[65,125103,151],{"class":79},[65,125105,125106],{"class":147},"text2",[65,125108,157],{"class":79},[20,125110,125111],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[51,125113,125115],{"id":125114},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125117,125118],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125120,125121],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[56,125123,125125],{"className":58,"code":125124,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125126,125127,125132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125128,125129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125130,125131],{"class":175},"# This will cause an error\n",[65,125133,125134],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125135,125136],{"class":175},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125138,125139,125140,34908,125142,125145],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125141,594],{},[15,125143,125144],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125147,125148],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[56,125150,125152],{"className":58,"code":125151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125153,125154,125173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125155,125156,125158,125160,125162,125165,125168,125171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125157,34265],{"class":71},[65,125159,76],{"class":75},[65,125161,603],{"class":487},[65,125163,125164],{"class":491},"It",[65,125166,125167],{"class":34030},"\\'",[65,125169,125170],{"class":491},"s working",[65,125172,29275],{"class":487},[65,125174,125175,125177,125179,125181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125176,164],{"class":163},[65,125178,151],{"class":79},[65,125180,34286],{"class":147},[65,125182,157],{"class":79},[20,125184,125185],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[56,125187,125189],{"className":58,"code":125188,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125190,125191,125203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125192,125193,125195,125197,125199,125201],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125194,34265],{"class":71},[65,125196,76],{"class":75},[65,125198,499],{"class":487},[65,125200,125066],{"class":491},[65,125202,2925],{"class":487},[65,125204,125205,125207,125209,125211],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125206,164],{"class":163},[65,125208,151],{"class":79},[65,125210,34286],{"class":147},[65,125212,157],{"class":79},[20,125214,125215],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125217,125218,125219,144],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[210,125220,125222],{"href":125221},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[51,125224,2396],{"id":2395},[20,125226,125227],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1286,125229,89795],{"id":89794},[20,125231,125232],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[56,125234,125236],{"className":58,"code":125235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125237,125238,125242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125239,125240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125241,125131],{"class":175},[65,125243,125244],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125245,125246],{"class":175},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125248,125249,125250,8179,125253,125255],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125251,125252],{},"NameError",[15,125254,4572],{}," is not defined.",[20,125257,10383],{},[56,125259,125261],{"className":58,"code":125260,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125262,125263,125275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125264,125265,125267,125269,125271,125273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125266,7451],{"class":71},[65,125268,76],{"class":75},[65,125270,499],{"class":487},[65,125272,4572],{"class":491},[65,125274,2925],{"class":487},[65,125276,125277,125279,125281,125283],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125278,164],{"class":163},[65,125280,151],{"class":79},[65,125282,7241],{"class":147},[65,125284,157],{"class":79},[1286,125286,125288],{"id":125287},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125290,125291],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[56,125293,125295],{"className":58,"code":125294,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125296,125297,125301],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125298,125299],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125300,125131],{"class":175},[65,125302,125303],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125304,125305],{"class":175},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125307,125308],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[56,125310,125312],{"className":58,"code":125311,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125313,125314,125331,125344,125348,125358],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125315,125316,125318,125320,125322,125324,125326,125329],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125317,125059],{"class":71},[65,125319,76],{"class":75},[65,125321,603],{"class":487},[65,125323,125164],{"class":491},[65,125325,125167],{"class":34030},[65,125327,125328],{"class":491},"s good",[65,125330,29275],{"class":487},[65,125332,125333,125335,125337,125339,125342],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125334,125073],{"class":71},[65,125336,76],{"class":75},[65,125338,499],{"class":487},[65,125340,125341],{"class":491},"It's good",[65,125343,2925],{"class":487},[65,125345,125346],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125347,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125349,125350,125352,125354,125356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125351,164],{"class":163},[65,125353,151],{"class":79},[65,125355,125095],{"class":147},[65,125357,157],{"class":79},[65,125359,125360,125362,125364,125366],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,125361,164],{"class":163},[65,125363,151],{"class":79},[65,125365,125106],{"class":147},[65,125367,157],{"class":79},[1286,125369,125371],{"id":125370},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125373,125374],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[56,125376,125378],{"className":58,"code":125377,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125379,125380,125392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125381,125382,125384,125386,125388,125390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125383,34265],{"class":71},[65,125385,76],{"class":75},[65,125387,124735],{"class":487},[65,125389,3412],{"class":491},[65,125391,42920],{"class":487},[65,125393,125394,125396,125398,125400],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125395,164],{"class":163},[65,125397,151],{"class":79},[65,125399,34286],{"class":147},[65,125401,157],{"class":79},[20,125403,125404],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[56,125406,125408],{"className":58,"code":125407,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125409,125410,125422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125411,125412,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125413,34265],{"class":71},[65,125415,76],{"class":75},[65,125417,499],{"class":487},[65,125419,3412],{"class":491},[65,125421,2925],{"class":487},[65,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125425,164],{"class":163},[65,125427,151],{"class":79},[65,125429,34286],{"class":147},[65,125431,157],{"class":79},[1286,125433,4148,125435,634,125437,125439],{"id":125434},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125436,49831],{},[15,125438,49881],{}," are the same type",[20,125441,125442],{},"They are different:",[56,125444,125446],{"className":58,"code":125445,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125447,125448,125457,125470,125474,125488],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125449,125450,125453,125455],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125451,125452],{"class":71},"value1 ",[65,125454,76],{"class":75},[65,125456,124463],{"class":83},[65,125458,125459,125462,125464,125466,125468],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125460,125461],{"class":71},"value2 ",[65,125463,76],{"class":75},[65,125465,499],{"class":487},[65,125467,49831],{"class":491},[65,125469,2925],{"class":487},[65,125471,125472],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125473,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482,125484,125486],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125477,164],{"class":163},[65,125479,151],{"class":79},[65,125481,1260],{"class":1259},[65,125483,151],{"class":79},[65,125485,84351],{"class":147},[65,125487,1028],{"class":79},[65,125489,125490,125492,125494,125496,125498,125501],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,125491,164],{"class":163},[65,125493,151],{"class":79},[65,125495,1260],{"class":1259},[65,125497,151],{"class":79},[65,125499,125500],{"class":147},"value2",[65,125502,1028],{"class":79},[20,125504,350],{},[56,125506,125508],{"className":58,"code":125507,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125509,125510,125524],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125511,125512,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125513,2857],{"class":75},[65,125515,2860],{"class":1632},[65,125517,603],{"class":487},[65,125519,1757],{"class":491},[65,125521,594],{"class":487},[65,125523,2869],{"class":75},[65,125525,125526,125528,125530,125532,125534,125536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125527,2857],{"class":75},[65,125529,2860],{"class":1632},[65,125531,603],{"class":487},[65,125533,3010],{"class":491},[65,125535,594],{"class":487},[65,125537,2869],{"class":75},[1286,125539,125541],{"id":125540},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125543,125544],{},"This causes a type error:",[56,125546,125548],{"className":58,"code":125547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125549,125550,125554,125559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125551,125552],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125553,125131],{"class":175},[65,125555,125556],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125557,125558],{"class":175},"# age = 10\n",[65,125560,125561],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125562,125563],{"class":175},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125565,125566,125567,191],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125568,47268],{},[56,125570,125572],{"className":58,"code":125571,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125573,125574,125582,125604,125608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125575,125576,125578,125580],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125577,21203],{"class":71},[65,125579,76],{"class":75},[65,125581,2153],{"class":83},[65,125583,125584,125586,125588,125590,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125585,89588],{"class":71},[65,125587,76],{"class":75},[65,125589,499],{"class":487},[65,125591,89006],{"class":491},[65,125593,488],{"class":487},[65,125595,2022],{"class":75},[65,125597,48489],{"class":1259},[65,125599,151],{"class":79},[65,125601,8877],{"class":147},[65,125603,157],{"class":79},[65,125605,125606],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125607,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125609,125610,125612,125614,125616],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125611,164],{"class":163},[65,125613,151],{"class":79},[65,125615,89605],{"class":147},[65,125617,157],{"class":79},[20,125619,125620,125621,144],{},"For this specific error, see ",[210,125622,89987],{"href":89986},[1286,125624,60295],{"id":60294},[20,125626,125627],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[56,125629,125631],{"className":58,"code":125630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125632,125633,125645,125649,125659,125673],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125634,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125636,34265],{"class":71},[65,125638,76],{"class":75},[65,125640,499],{"class":487},[65,125642,3412],{"class":491},[65,125644,2925],{"class":487},[65,125646,125647],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125648,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125650,125651,125653,125655,125657],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125652,164],{"class":163},[65,125654,151],{"class":79},[65,125656,34286],{"class":147},[65,125658,157],{"class":79},[65,125660,125661,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125662,164],{"class":163},[65,125664,151],{"class":79},[65,125666,1260],{"class":1259},[65,125668,151],{"class":79},[65,125670,34286],{"class":147},[65,125672,1028],{"class":79},[65,125674,125675,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,125676,164],{"class":163},[65,125678,151],{"class":79},[65,125680,41362],{"class":163},[65,125682,151],{"class":79},[65,125684,34286],{"class":147},[65,125686,1028],{"class":79},[33,125688,125689,125694,125699],{},[36,125690,125691,45862],{},[15,125692,125693],{},"print(text)",[36,125695,125696,45867],{},[15,125697,125698],{},"print(type(text))",[36,125700,125701,125704],{},[15,125702,125703],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[51,125706,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,125708,125710],{"id":125709},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125712,125713,125714,214,125717,144],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125715,125716],{},"'hello'",[15,125718,64119],{},[1286,125720,125722],{"id":125721},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125724,125725],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1286,125727,125729],{"id":125728},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125731,1660,125732,214,125734,144],{},[15,125733,5842],{},[15,125735,3339],{},[1286,125737,125739],{"id":125738},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125741,1660,125742,125744,125745,125747,125748,144],{},[15,125743,47268],{},", like ",[15,125746,79964],{},", which returns ",[15,125749,41709],{},[1286,125751,125753],{"id":125752},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125755,125756],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[51,125758,1455],{"id":1454},[33,125760,125761,125765,125771,125776,125785,125789],{},[36,125762,125763],{},[210,125764,124536],{"href":50560},[36,125766,125767],{},[210,125768,3143,125769,3076],{"href":41758},[15,125770,47268],{},[36,125772,125773],{},[210,125774,125775],{"href":122706},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,125777,125778],{},[210,125779,125781,125782,1474],{"href":125780},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125783,125784],{},"format()",[36,125786,125787],{},[210,125788,125222],{"href":125221},[36,125790,125791],{},[210,125792,89987],{"href":89986},[1499,125794,125795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":125797},[125798,125799,125800,125801,125802,125803,125804,125805,125806,125815,125822],{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":124375,"depth":101,"text":124376},{"id":124539,"depth":101,"text":124540},{"id":124614,"depth":101,"text":124615},{"id":124714,"depth":101,"text":124715},{"id":124819,"depth":101,"text":124820},{"id":124997,"depth":101,"text":124998},{"id":125114,"depth":101,"text":125115},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":125807},[125808,125809,125810,125811,125813,125814],{"id":89794,"depth":126,"text":89795},{"id":125287,"depth":126,"text":125288},{"id":125370,"depth":126,"text":125371},{"id":125434,"depth":126,"text":125812},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125540,"depth":126,"text":125541},{"id":60294,"depth":126,"text":60295},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":125816},[125817,125818,125819,125820,125821],{"id":125709,"depth":126,"text":125710},{"id":125721,"depth":126,"text":125722},{"id":125728,"depth":126,"text":125729},{"id":125738,"depth":126,"text":125739},{"id":125752,"depth":126,"text":125753},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124237,"description":125823},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125830,"title":125831,"body":125832,"description":127746,"extension":1528,"meta":127747,"navigation":129,"path":127748,"seo":127749,"stem":127750,"__hash__":127751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125833,"toc":127707},[125834,125840,125845,125853,125855,125922,125924,125936,125945,125950,125954,125971,125973,126038,126040,126052,126057,126059,126087,126108,126111,126150,126152,126160,126164,126168,126172,126180,126183,126224,126226,126234,126237,126294,126296,126304,126308,126313,126357,126359,126367,126376,126380,126385,126433,126435,126443,126449,126451,126455,126467,126472,126551,126553,126573,126577,126581,126621,126623,126631,126635,126678,126680,126688,126692,126732,126734,126742,126746,126802,126804,126812,126818,126820,126824,126834,126901,126903,126916,126923,126966,126968,126976,126980,126983,127039,127041,127049,127052,127054,127131,127133,127141,127150,127152,127156,127160,127162,127184,127187,127234,127238,127277,127279,127287,127289,127331,127338,127343,127405,127407,127419,127425,127430,127479,127481,127500,127506,127508,127527,127529,127620,127622,127628,127635,127641,127647,127652,127661,127668,127676,127678,127704],[10,125835,122781,125837,18],{"id":125836},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125838,125839],{},"endswith()",[20,125841,122786,125842,125844],{},[15,125843,125839],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125846,125847,125848,214,125850,125852],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125849,3172],{},[15,125851,3240],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[51,125854,1570],{"id":1569},[56,125856,125858],{"className":58,"code":125857,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125859,125860,125874,125899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125861,125862,125865,125867,125869,125872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125863,125864],{"class":71},"filename ",[65,125866,76],{"class":75},[65,125868,499],{"class":487},[65,125870,125871],{"class":491},"report.csv",[65,125873,2925],{"class":487},[65,125875,125876,125878,125880,125883,125885,125888,125890,125892,125895,125897],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125877,164],{"class":163},[65,125879,151],{"class":79},[65,125881,125882],{"class":147},"filename",[65,125884,144],{"class":79},[65,125886,125887],{"class":147},"endswith",[65,125889,151],{"class":79},[65,125891,488],{"class":487},[65,125893,125894],{"class":491},".csv",[65,125896,488],{"class":487},[65,125898,1028],{"class":79},[65,125900,125901,125903,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915,125918,125920],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125902,164],{"class":163},[65,125904,151],{"class":79},[65,125906,125882],{"class":147},[65,125908,144],{"class":79},[65,125910,125887],{"class":147},[65,125912,151],{"class":79},[65,125914,488],{"class":487},[65,125916,125917],{"class":491},".txt",[65,125919,488],{"class":487},[65,125921,1028],{"class":79},[20,125923,350],{},[56,125925,125926],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,125927,125928,125932],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125929,125930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125931,3549],{"class":3419},[65,125933,125934],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125935,3610],{"class":3419},[20,125937,1660,125938,4938,125940,214,125942,125944],{},[15,125939,125839],{},[15,125941,3172],{},[15,125943,3240],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[51,125946,183,125948,186],{"id":125947},"what-endswith-does",[15,125949,125839],{},[20,125951,125952,191],{},[15,125953,125839],{},[33,125955,125956,125959,125965,125968],{},[36,125957,125958],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,125960,10999,125961,214,125963],{},[15,125962,3172],{},[15,125964,3240],{},[36,125966,125967],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,125969,125970],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125972,267],{},[56,125974,125976],{"className":58,"code":125975,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125977,125978,125990,125994,126016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986,125988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125981,34265],{"class":71},[65,125983,76],{"class":75},[65,125985,499],{"class":487},[65,125987,59991],{"class":491},[65,125989,2925],{"class":487},[65,125991,125992],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,125993,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,125995,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006,126008,126010,126012,126014],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,125997,164],{"class":163},[65,125999,151],{"class":79},[65,126001,34286],{"class":147},[65,126003,144],{"class":79},[65,126005,125887],{"class":147},[65,126007,151],{"class":79},[65,126009,488],{"class":487},[65,126011,60176],{"class":491},[65,126013,488],{"class":487},[65,126015,1028],{"class":79},[65,126017,126018,126020,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126019,164],{"class":163},[65,126021,151],{"class":79},[65,126023,34286],{"class":147},[65,126025,144],{"class":79},[65,126027,125887],{"class":147},[65,126029,151],{"class":79},[65,126031,488],{"class":487},[65,126033,3412],{"class":491},[65,126035,488],{"class":487},[65,126037,1028],{"class":79},[20,126039,350],{},[56,126041,126042],{"className":58,"code":43758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126043,126044,126048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126045,126046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126047,3549],{"class":3419},[65,126049,126050],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126051,3610],{"class":3419},[20,126053,126054,126055,144],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[210,126056,124536],{"href":50560},[51,126058,222],{"id":221},[56,126060,126062],{"className":58,"code":126061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126063,126064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126065,126066,126068,126070,126072,126074,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126067,60759],{"class":71},[65,126069,144],{"class":79},[65,126071,125887],{"class":147},[65,126073,151],{"class":79},[65,126075,126076],{"class":147},"suffix",[65,126078,87],{"class":79},[65,126080,35631],{"class":147},[65,126082,87],{"class":79},[65,126084,64625],{"class":147},[65,126086,157],{"class":79},[33,126088,126089,126094,126101],{},[36,126090,126091,126093],{},[15,126092,126076],{}," is required",[36,126095,126096,634,126098,126100],{},[15,126097,35652],{},[15,126099,52246],{}," are optional",[36,126102,126103,634,126105,126107],{},[15,126104,35652],{},[15,126106,52246],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126109,126110],{},"Basic example:",[56,126112,126114],{"className":58,"code":126113,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126115,126116,126128],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126117,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126119,125864],{"class":71},[65,126121,76],{"class":75},[65,126123,499],{"class":487},[65,126125,86476],{"class":491},[65,126127,2925],{"class":487},[65,126129,126130,126132,126134,126136,126138,126140,126142,126144,126146,126148],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126131,164],{"class":163},[65,126133,151],{"class":79},[65,126135,125882],{"class":147},[65,126137,144],{"class":79},[65,126139,125887],{"class":147},[65,126141,151],{"class":79},[65,126143,488],{"class":487},[65,126145,125917],{"class":491},[65,126147,488],{"class":487},[65,126149,1028],{"class":79},[20,126151,350],{},[56,126153,126154],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126155,126156],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126157,126158],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126159,3549],{"class":3419},[51,126161,126163],{"id":126162},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1286,126165,126166],{"id":126076},[15,126167,126076],{},[20,126169,126170,30325],{},[15,126171,126076],{},[33,126173,126174,126177],{},[36,126175,126176],{},"A single string",[36,126178,126179],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126181,126182],{},"Single suffix:",[56,126184,126186],{"className":58,"code":126185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126187,126188,126201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126189,126190,126192,126194,126196,126199],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126191,7451],{"class":71},[65,126193,76],{"class":75},[65,126195,499],{"class":487},[65,126197,126198],{"class":491},"image.png",[65,126200,2925],{"class":487},[65,126202,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211,126213,126215,126217,126220,126222],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126204,164],{"class":163},[65,126206,151],{"class":79},[65,126208,7241],{"class":147},[65,126210,144],{"class":79},[65,126212,125887],{"class":147},[65,126214,151],{"class":79},[65,126216,488],{"class":487},[65,126218,126219],{"class":491},".png",[65,126221,488],{"class":487},[65,126223,1028],{"class":79},[20,126225,350],{},[56,126227,126228],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126229,126230],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126231,126232],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126233,3549],{"class":3419},[20,126235,126236],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[56,126238,126240],{"className":58,"code":126239,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126241,126242,126254],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126243,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126245,7451],{"class":71},[65,126247,76],{"class":75},[65,126249,499],{"class":487},[65,126251,126198],{"class":491},[65,126253,2925],{"class":487},[65,126255,126256,126258,126260,126262,126264,126266,126268,126270,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287,126290,126292],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126257,164],{"class":163},[65,126259,151],{"class":79},[65,126261,7241],{"class":147},[65,126263,144],{"class":79},[65,126265,125887],{"class":147},[65,126267,5079],{"class":79},[65,126269,488],{"class":487},[65,126271,126272],{"class":491},".jpg",[65,126274,488],{"class":487},[65,126276,87],{"class":79},[65,126278,499],{"class":487},[65,126280,126219],{"class":491},[65,126282,488],{"class":487},[65,126284,87],{"class":79},[65,126286,499],{"class":487},[65,126288,126289],{"class":491},".gif",[65,126291,488],{"class":487},[65,126293,2478],{"class":79},[20,126295,350],{},[56,126297,126298],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126299,126300],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126301,126302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126303,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,126305,126306],{"id":35652},[15,126307,35652],{},[20,126309,126310,126312],{},[15,126311,35652],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[56,126314,126316],{"className":58,"code":126315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126317,126318,126331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126319,126320,126322,126324,126326,126329],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126321,34265],{"class":71},[65,126323,76],{"class":75},[65,126325,499],{"class":487},[65,126327,126328],{"class":491},"my_report.csv",[65,126330,2925],{"class":487},[65,126332,126333,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126347,126349,126351,126353,126355],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126334,164],{"class":163},[65,126336,151],{"class":79},[65,126338,34286],{"class":147},[65,126340,144],{"class":79},[65,126342,125887],{"class":147},[65,126344,151],{"class":79},[65,126346,488],{"class":487},[65,126348,125894],{"class":491},[65,126350,488],{"class":487},[65,126352,87],{"class":79},[65,126354,95],{"class":83},[65,126356,1028],{"class":79},[20,126358,350],{},[56,126360,126361],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126362,126363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126364,126365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126366,3549],{"class":3419},[20,126368,126369,126370,126372,126373,144],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126371,111],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126374,126375],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1286,126377,126378],{"id":52246},[15,126379,52246],{},[20,126381,126382,126384],{},[15,126383,52246],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[56,126386,126388],{"className":58,"code":126387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126389,126390,126403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126391,126392,126394,126396,126398,126401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126393,34265],{"class":71},[65,126395,76],{"class":75},[65,126397,499],{"class":487},[65,126399,126400],{"class":491},"report.csv backup",[65,126402,2925],{"class":487},[65,126404,126405,126407,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126406,164],{"class":163},[65,126408,151],{"class":79},[65,126410,34286],{"class":147},[65,126412,144],{"class":79},[65,126414,125887],{"class":147},[65,126416,151],{"class":79},[65,126418,488],{"class":487},[65,126420,125894],{"class":491},[65,126422,488],{"class":487},[65,126424,87],{"class":79},[65,126426,3400],{"class":83},[65,126428,87],{"class":79},[65,126430,5574],{"class":83},[65,126432,1028],{"class":79},[20,126434,350],{},[56,126436,126437],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126438,126439],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126440,126441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126442,3549],{"class":3419},[20,126444,126445,126446,126448],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126447,126375],{}," and ignores the rest.",[51,126450,16994],{"id":16993},[20,126452,126453,25084],{},[15,126454,125839],{},[33,126456,126457,126462],{},[36,126458,126459,126461],{},[15,126460,3172],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,126463,126464,126466],{},[15,126465,3240],{}," if it does not",[20,126468,126469,126470,6744],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126471,6569],{},[56,126473,126475],{"className":58,"code":126474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126476,126477,126490,126494,126515,126530,126536],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126478,126479,126481,126483,126485,126488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126480,125864],{"class":71},[65,126482,76],{"class":75},[65,126484,499],{"class":487},[65,126486,126487],{"class":491},"data.csv",[65,126489,2925],{"class":487},[65,126491,126492],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126493,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,126495,126496,126498,126501,126503,126505,126507,126509,126511,126513],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,126497,6569],{"class":3444},[65,126499,126500],{"class":71}," filename",[65,126502,144],{"class":79},[65,126504,125887],{"class":147},[65,126506,151],{"class":79},[65,126508,488],{"class":487},[65,126510,125894],{"class":491},[65,126512,488],{"class":487},[65,126514,7918],{"class":79},[65,126516,126517,126519,126521,126523,126526,126528],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126518,7644],{"class":163},[65,126520,151],{"class":79},[65,126522,488],{"class":487},[65,126524,126525],{"class":491},"This is a CSV file.",[65,126527,488],{"class":487},[65,126529,157],{"class":79},[65,126531,126532,126534],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,126533,27009],{"class":3444},[65,126535,5963],{"class":79},[65,126537,126538,126540,126542,126544,126547,126549],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,126539,7644],{"class":163},[65,126541,151],{"class":79},[65,126543,488],{"class":487},[65,126545,126546],{"class":491},"This is not a CSV file.",[65,126548,488],{"class":487},[65,126550,157],{"class":79},[20,126552,350],{},[56,126554,126556],{"className":58,"code":126555,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126557,126558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126559,126560,126562,126564,126566,126569,126571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126561,49464],{"class":71},[65,126563,11769],{"class":75},[65,126565,44129],{"class":71},[65,126567,126568],{"class":34030},"CSV",[65,126570,86217],{"class":86216},[65,126572,121813],{"class":79},[51,126574,126576],{"id":126575},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1286,126578,126580],{"id":126579},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[56,126582,126584],{"className":58,"code":126583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126585,126586,126599],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126587,126588,126590,126592,126594,126597],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126589,125864],{"class":71},[65,126591,76],{"class":75},[65,126593,499],{"class":487},[65,126595,126596],{"class":491},"sales.csv",[65,126598,2925],{"class":487},[65,126600,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126602,164],{"class":163},[65,126604,151],{"class":79},[65,126606,125882],{"class":147},[65,126608,144],{"class":79},[65,126610,125887],{"class":147},[65,126612,151],{"class":79},[65,126614,488],{"class":487},[65,126616,125894],{"class":491},[65,126618,488],{"class":487},[65,126620,1028],{"class":79},[20,126622,350],{},[56,126624,126625],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126626,126627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126628,126629],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126630,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,126632,126634],{"id":126633},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[56,126636,126638],{"className":58,"code":126637,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126639,126640,126654],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126641,126642,126645,126647,126649,126652],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126643,126644],{"class":71},"url ",[65,126646,76],{"class":75},[65,126648,499],{"class":487},[65,126650,126651],{"class":491},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[65,126653,2925],{"class":487},[65,126655,126656,126658,126660,126663,126665,126667,126669,126671,126674,126676],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126657,164],{"class":163},[65,126659,151],{"class":79},[65,126661,126662],{"class":147},"url",[65,126664,144],{"class":79},[65,126666,125887],{"class":147},[65,126668,151],{"class":79},[65,126670,488],{"class":487},[65,126672,126673],{"class":491},"\u002F",[65,126675,488],{"class":487},[65,126677,1028],{"class":79},[20,126679,350],{},[56,126681,126682],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126683,126684],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126685,126686],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126687,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,126689,126691],{"id":126690},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[56,126693,126695],{"className":58,"code":126694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126696,126697,126710],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126700,89588],{"class":71},[65,126702,76],{"class":75},[65,126704,499],{"class":487},[65,126706,126707],{"class":491},"Hello!",[65,126709,2925],{"class":487},[65,126711,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126713,164],{"class":163},[65,126715,151],{"class":79},[65,126717,89605],{"class":147},[65,126719,144],{"class":79},[65,126721,125887],{"class":147},[65,126723,151],{"class":79},[65,126725,488],{"class":487},[65,126727,89429],{"class":491},[65,126729,488],{"class":487},[65,126731,1028],{"class":79},[20,126733,350],{},[56,126735,126736],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126737,126738],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126739,126740],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126741,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,126743,126745],{"id":126744},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[56,126747,126749],{"className":58,"code":126748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126750,126751,126764],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126752,126753,126755,126757,126759,126762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126754,125864],{"class":71},[65,126756,76],{"class":75},[65,126758,499],{"class":487},[65,126760,126761],{"class":491},"photo.jpg",[65,126763,2925],{"class":487},[65,126765,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126767,164],{"class":163},[65,126769,151],{"class":79},[65,126771,125882],{"class":147},[65,126773,144],{"class":79},[65,126775,125887],{"class":147},[65,126777,5079],{"class":79},[65,126779,488],{"class":487},[65,126781,126272],{"class":491},[65,126783,488],{"class":487},[65,126785,87],{"class":79},[65,126787,499],{"class":487},[65,126789,126219],{"class":491},[65,126791,488],{"class":487},[65,126793,87],{"class":79},[65,126795,499],{"class":487},[65,126797,126289],{"class":491},[65,126799,488],{"class":487},[65,126801,2478],{"class":79},[20,126803,350],{},[56,126805,126806],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126807,126808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126809,126810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126811,3549],{"class":3419},[20,126813,126814,126815,144],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[210,126816,126817],{"href":123036},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[51,126819,123428],{"id":123427},[20,126821,126822,123239],{},[15,126823,125839],{},[20,126825,126826,126827,634,126830,126833],{},"That means ",[15,126828,126829],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126831,126832],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[56,126835,126837],{"className":58,"code":126836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126838,126839,126852,126856,126878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126840,126841,126843,126845,126847,126850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126842,125864],{"class":71},[65,126844,76],{"class":75},[65,126846,499],{"class":487},[65,126848,126849],{"class":491},"REPORT.CSV",[65,126851,2925],{"class":487},[65,126853,126854],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126855,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,126857,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,126859,164],{"class":163},[65,126861,151],{"class":79},[65,126863,125882],{"class":147},[65,126865,144],{"class":79},[65,126867,125887],{"class":147},[65,126869,151],{"class":79},[65,126871,488],{"class":487},[65,126873,125894],{"class":491},[65,126875,488],{"class":487},[65,126877,1028],{"class":79},[65,126879,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892,126894,126897,126899],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126881,164],{"class":163},[65,126883,151],{"class":79},[65,126885,125882],{"class":147},[65,126887,144],{"class":79},[65,126889,125887],{"class":147},[65,126891,151],{"class":79},[65,126893,488],{"class":487},[65,126895,126896],{"class":491},".CSV",[65,126898,488],{"class":487},[65,126900,1028],{"class":79},[20,126902,350],{},[56,126904,126906],{"className":58,"code":126905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126907,126908,126912],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126909,126910],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126911,3610],{"class":3419},[65,126913,126914],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126915,3549],{"class":3419},[20,126917,126918,126919,144],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[210,126920,126921],{"href":123508},[15,126922,123511],{},[56,126924,126926],{"className":58,"code":126925,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126927,126928,126940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126929,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126931,125864],{"class":71},[65,126933,76],{"class":75},[65,126935,499],{"class":487},[65,126937,126849],{"class":491},[65,126939,2925],{"class":487},[65,126941,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,126943,164],{"class":163},[65,126945,151],{"class":79},[65,126947,125882],{"class":147},[65,126949,144],{"class":79},[65,126951,8217],{"class":147},[65,126953,8214],{"class":79},[65,126955,125887],{"class":147},[65,126957,151],{"class":79},[65,126959,488],{"class":487},[65,126961,125894],{"class":491},[65,126963,488],{"class":487},[65,126965,1028],{"class":79},[20,126967,350],{},[56,126969,126970],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126971,126972],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126973,126974],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126975,3549],{"class":3419},[51,126977,126979],{"id":126978},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126981,126982],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[56,126984,126986],{"className":58,"code":126985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126987,126988,127001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126989,126990,126992,126994,126996,126999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126991,125864],{"class":71},[65,126993,76],{"class":75},[65,126995,499],{"class":487},[65,126997,126998],{"class":491},"picture.gif",[65,127000,2925],{"class":487},[65,127002,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127004,164],{"class":163},[65,127006,151],{"class":79},[65,127008,125882],{"class":147},[65,127010,144],{"class":79},[65,127012,125887],{"class":147},[65,127014,5079],{"class":79},[65,127016,488],{"class":487},[65,127018,126272],{"class":491},[65,127020,488],{"class":487},[65,127022,87],{"class":79},[65,127024,499],{"class":487},[65,127026,126219],{"class":491},[65,127028,488],{"class":487},[65,127030,87],{"class":79},[65,127032,499],{"class":487},[65,127034,126289],{"class":491},[65,127036,488],{"class":487},[65,127038,2478],{"class":79},[20,127040,350],{},[56,127042,127043],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127044,127045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127046,127047],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127048,3549],{"class":3419},[20,127050,127051],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127053,51665],{},[56,127055,127057],{"className":58,"code":127056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127058,127059,127072,127107,127111],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127060,127061,127064,127066,127068,127070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127062,127063],{"class":71},"document ",[65,127065,76],{"class":75},[65,127067,499],{"class":487},[65,127069,86476],{"class":491},[65,127071,2925],{"class":487},[65,127073,127074,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127094,127096,127098,127100,127103,127105],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127075,127076],{"class":71},"allowed ",[65,127078,76],{"class":75},[65,127080,8815],{"class":79},[65,127082,488],{"class":487},[65,127084,125917],{"class":491},[65,127086,488],{"class":487},[65,127088,87],{"class":79},[65,127090,499],{"class":487},[65,127092,127093],{"class":491},".md",[65,127095,488],{"class":487},[65,127097,87],{"class":79},[65,127099,499],{"class":487},[65,127101,127102],{"class":491},".docx",[65,127104,488],{"class":487},[65,127106,157],{"class":79},[65,127108,127109],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127110,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,127112,127113,127115,127117,127120,127122,127124,127126,127129],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127114,164],{"class":163},[65,127116,151],{"class":79},[65,127118,127119],{"class":147},"document",[65,127121,144],{"class":79},[65,127123,125887],{"class":147},[65,127125,151],{"class":79},[65,127127,127128],{"class":147},"allowed",[65,127130,1028],{"class":79},[20,127132,350],{},[56,127134,127135],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127136,127137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127138,127139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127140,3549],{"class":3419},[20,127142,127143,127144,144],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[210,127145,125781,127147,1474],{"href":127146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127148,127149],{},"startswith()",[51,127151,2396],{"id":2395},[20,127153,8024,127154,144],{},[15,127155,125839],{},[1286,127157,127159],{"id":127158},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127161,4094],{},[56,127163,127165],{"className":58,"code":127164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127166,127167,127179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127168,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127170,125864],{"class":71},[65,127172,76],{"class":75},[65,127174,499],{"class":487},[65,127176,126761],{"class":491},[65,127178,2925],{"class":487},[65,127180,127181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127182,127183],{"class":175},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127185,127186],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[56,127188,127190],{"className":58,"code":127189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127191,127192,127204],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127193,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127195,125864],{"class":71},[65,127197,76],{"class":75},[65,127199,499],{"class":487},[65,127201,126761],{"class":491},[65,127203,2925],{"class":487},[65,127205,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127232],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127207,164],{"class":163},[65,127209,151],{"class":79},[65,127211,125882],{"class":147},[65,127213,144],{"class":79},[65,127215,125887],{"class":147},[65,127217,5079],{"class":79},[65,127219,488],{"class":487},[65,127221,126272],{"class":491},[65,127223,488],{"class":487},[65,127225,87],{"class":79},[65,127227,499],{"class":487},[65,127229,126219],{"class":491},[65,127231,488],{"class":487},[65,127233,2478],{"class":79},[1286,127235,127237],{"id":127236},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[56,127239,127241],{"className":58,"code":127240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127242,127243,127255],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127244,127245,127247,127249,127251,127253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127246,125864],{"class":71},[65,127248,76],{"class":75},[65,127250,499],{"class":487},[65,127252,126849],{"class":491},[65,127254,2925],{"class":487},[65,127256,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127258,164],{"class":163},[65,127260,151],{"class":79},[65,127262,125882],{"class":147},[65,127264,144],{"class":79},[65,127266,125887],{"class":147},[65,127268,151],{"class":79},[65,127270,488],{"class":487},[65,127272,125894],{"class":491},[65,127274,488],{"class":487},[65,127276,1028],{"class":79},[20,127278,350],{},[56,127280,127281],{"className":58,"code":3610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127282,127283],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127284,127285],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127286,3610],{"class":3419},[20,127288,38843],{},[56,127290,127291],{"className":58,"code":126925,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127292,127293,127305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127294,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127296,125864],{"class":71},[65,127298,76],{"class":75},[65,127300,499],{"class":487},[65,127302,126849],{"class":491},[65,127304,2925],{"class":487},[65,127306,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127308,164],{"class":163},[65,127310,151],{"class":79},[65,127312,125882],{"class":147},[65,127314,144],{"class":79},[65,127316,8217],{"class":147},[65,127318,8214],{"class":79},[65,127320,125887],{"class":147},[65,127322,151],{"class":79},[65,127324,488],{"class":487},[65,127326,125894],{"class":491},[65,127328,488],{"class":487},[65,127330,1028],{"class":79},[1286,127332,36784,127334,8282,127336],{"id":127333},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127335,125839],{},[15,127337,3451],{},[20,127339,127340,127342],{},[15,127341,125839],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[56,127344,127346],{"className":58,"code":127345,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127347,127348,127361,127365,127387],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127349,127350,127352,127354,127356,127359],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127351,34265],{"class":71},[65,127353,76],{"class":75},[65,127355,499],{"class":487},[65,127357,127358],{"class":491},"my_report.csv.backup",[65,127360,2925],{"class":487},[65,127362,127363],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127364,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,127366,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127368,164],{"class":163},[65,127370,151],{"class":79},[65,127372,34286],{"class":147},[65,127374,144],{"class":79},[65,127376,125887],{"class":147},[65,127378,151],{"class":79},[65,127380,488],{"class":487},[65,127382,125894],{"class":491},[65,127384,488],{"class":487},[65,127386,1028],{"class":79},[65,127388,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127390,164],{"class":163},[65,127392,151],{"class":79},[65,127394,488],{"class":487},[65,127396,125894],{"class":491},[65,127398,488],{"class":487},[65,127400,20749],{"class":3444},[65,127402,42425],{"class":147},[65,127404,157],{"class":79},[20,127406,350],{},[56,127408,127409],{"className":58,"code":126905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127410,127411,127415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127412,127413],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127414,3610],{"class":3419},[65,127416,127417],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127418,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,127420,8030,127422,127424],{"id":127421},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127423,125839],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127426,127427,127429],{},[15,127428,125839],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[56,127431,127433],{"className":58,"code":127432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127434,127435,127447,127469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127438,125864],{"class":71},[65,127440,76],{"class":75},[65,127442,499],{"class":487},[65,127444,125871],{"class":491},[65,127446,2925],{"class":487},[65,127448,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127450,164],{"class":163},[65,127452,151],{"class":79},[65,127454,125882],{"class":147},[65,127456,144],{"class":79},[65,127458,125887],{"class":147},[65,127460,151],{"class":79},[65,127462,488],{"class":487},[65,127464,125894],{"class":491},[65,127466,488],{"class":487},[65,127468,1028],{"class":79},[65,127470,127471,127473,127475,127477],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127472,164],{"class":163},[65,127474,151],{"class":79},[65,127476,125882],{"class":147},[65,127478,157],{"class":79},[20,127480,350],{},[56,127482,127484],{"className":58,"code":127483,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127485,127486,127490],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127487,127488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127489,3549],{"class":3419},[65,127491,127492,127495,127497],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127493,127494],{"class":71},"report",[65,127496,144],{"class":79},[65,127498,127499],{"class":24325},"csv\n",[20,127501,127502,127503,144],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[210,127504,127505],{"href":123949},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127507,65647],{},[33,127509,127510,127513,127516,127519],{},[36,127511,127512],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,127514,127515],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,127517,127518],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,127520,7994,127521,1169,127523,214,127525,1174],{},[15,127522,125839],{},[15,127524,123952],{},[15,127526,41236],{},[20,127528,29710],{},[56,127530,127532],{"className":58,"code":127531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127533,127534,127544,127558,127580,127606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127535,127536,127538,127540,127542],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127537,164],{"class":163},[65,127539,151],{"class":79},[65,127541,34286],{"class":147},[65,127543,157],{"class":79},[65,127545,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127547,164],{"class":163},[65,127549,151],{"class":79},[65,127551,41362],{"class":163},[65,127553,151],{"class":79},[65,127555,34286],{"class":147},[65,127557,1028],{"class":79},[65,127559,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127561,164],{"class":163},[65,127563,151],{"class":79},[65,127565,34286],{"class":147},[65,127567,144],{"class":79},[65,127569,125887],{"class":147},[65,127571,151],{"class":79},[65,127573,594],{"class":487},[65,127575,125894],{"class":491},[65,127577,594],{"class":487},[65,127579,1028],{"class":79},[65,127581,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127583,164],{"class":163},[65,127585,151],{"class":79},[65,127587,34286],{"class":147},[65,127589,144],{"class":79},[65,127591,8217],{"class":147},[65,127593,8214],{"class":79},[65,127595,125887],{"class":147},[65,127597,151],{"class":79},[65,127599,594],{"class":487},[65,127601,125894],{"class":491},[65,127603,594],{"class":487},[65,127605,1028],{"class":79},[65,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,127609,164],{"class":163},[65,127611,151],{"class":79},[65,127613,1260],{"class":1259},[65,127615,151],{"class":79},[65,127617,34286],{"class":147},[65,127619,1028],{"class":79},[51,127621,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,127623,1289,127625,127627],{"id":127624},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127626,125839],{}," change the string?",[20,127629,127630,127631,214,127633,144],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127632,3172],{},[15,127634,3240],{},[1286,127636,4739,127638,127640],{"id":127637},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127639,125839],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127642,127643,127644,144],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127645,127646],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1286,127648,14478,127650,124117],{"id":127649},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127651,125839],{},[20,127653,127654,127655,214,127657,127660],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127656,123511],{},[15,127658,127659],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1286,127662,1299,127664,634,127666,1304],{"id":127663},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127665,125839],{},[15,127667,123776],{},[20,127669,127670,127672,127673,127675],{},[15,127671,125839],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127674,123776],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[51,127677,1455],{"id":1454},[33,127679,127680,127686,127692,127696,127700],{},[36,127681,127682],{},[210,127683,125781,127684,1474],{"href":127146},[15,127685,127149],{},[36,127687,127688],{},[210,127689,125781,127690,1474],{"href":123508},[15,127691,123511],{},[36,127693,127694],{},[210,127695,124180],{"href":123036},[36,127697,127698],{},[210,127699,124187],{"href":123949},[36,127701,127702],{},[210,127703,124536],{"href":50560},[1499,127705,127706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":127708},[127709,127710,127712,127713,127718,127719,127725,127726,127727,127735,127745],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":125947,"depth":101,"text":127711},"What endswith() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":126162,"depth":101,"text":126163,"children":127714},[127715,127716,127717],{"id":126076,"depth":126,"text":126076},{"id":35652,"depth":126,"text":35652},{"id":52246,"depth":126,"text":52246},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":126575,"depth":101,"text":126576,"children":127720},[127721,127722,127723,127724],{"id":126579,"depth":126,"text":126580},{"id":126633,"depth":126,"text":126634},{"id":126690,"depth":126,"text":126691},{"id":126744,"depth":126,"text":126745},{"id":123427,"depth":101,"text":123428},{"id":126978,"depth":101,"text":126979},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":127728},[127729,127730,127731,127733],{"id":127158,"depth":126,"text":127159},{"id":127236,"depth":126,"text":127237},{"id":127333,"depth":126,"text":127732},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127421,"depth":126,"text":127734},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":127736},[127737,127739,127741,127743],{"id":127624,"depth":126,"text":127738},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127637,"depth":126,"text":127740},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127649,"depth":126,"text":127742},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127663,"depth":126,"text":127744},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125831,"description":127746},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127753,"title":127754,"body":127755,"description":129423,"extension":1528,"meta":129424,"navigation":129,"path":129425,"seo":129426,"stem":129427,"__hash__":129428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127756,"toc":129396},[127757,127762,127767,127772,127777,127870,127880,127885,127890,127905,127907,127989,127997,127999,128001,128028,128030,128046,128053,128055,128163,128165,128170,128186,128188,128283,128291,128294,128300,128305,128310,128317,128456,128459,128472,128474,128478,128485,128555,128558,128607,128614,128621,128635,128640,128645,128691,128737,128753,128755,128760,128774,128777,128899,128904,128906,128911,128944,128947,129023,129025,129034,129048,129051,129135,129138,129249,129252,129280,129282,129289,129293,129299,129302,129308,129311,129318,129329,129335,129342,129344,129393],[10,127758,122781,127760,18],{"id":127759},"python-string-find-method",[15,127761,123776],{},[20,127763,122786,127764,127766],{},[15,127765,123776],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127768,127769,127770,144],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127771,65438],{},[20,127773,1660,127774,127776],{},[15,127775,123776],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[56,127778,127780],{"className":58,"code":127779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127781,127782,127794,127817,127830,127834,127857],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127783,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127785,34265],{"class":71},[65,127787,76],{"class":75},[65,127789,499],{"class":487},[65,127791,59991],{"class":491},[65,127793,2925],{"class":487},[65,127795,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127797,64504],{"class":71},[65,127799,76],{"class":75},[65,127801,42425],{"class":71},[65,127803,144],{"class":79},[65,127805,127806],{"class":147},"find",[65,127808,151],{"class":79},[65,127810,488],{"class":487},[65,127812,60176],{"class":491},[65,127814,488],{"class":487},[65,127816,157],{"class":79},[65,127818,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127820,164],{"class":163},[65,127822,151],{"class":79},[65,127824,64531],{"class":147},[65,127826,172],{"class":79},[65,127828,127829],{"class":175},"   # 6\n",[65,127831,127832],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127833,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,127835,127836,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,127837,127838],{"class":71},"missing ",[65,127840,76],{"class":75},[65,127842,42425],{"class":71},[65,127844,144],{"class":79},[65,127846,127806],{"class":147},[65,127848,151],{"class":79},[65,127850,488],{"class":487},[65,127852,60],{"class":491},[65,127854,488],{"class":487},[65,127856,157],{"class":79},[65,127858,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,127860,164],{"class":163},[65,127862,151],{"class":79},[65,127864,26349],{"class":147},[65,127866,172],{"class":79},[65,127868,127869],{"class":175},"    # -1\n",[43164,127871,127872],{},[20,127873,1660,127874,127876,127877,127879],{},[15,127875,123776],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127878,65438],{}," if the substring is not found.",[51,127881,183,127883,186],{"id":127882},"what-find-does",[15,127884,123776],{},[20,127886,127887,127889],{},[15,127888,123776],{}," is a string method that:",[33,127891,127892,127895,127898,127903],{},[36,127893,127894],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,127896,127897],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,127899,10999,127900,127902],{},[15,127901,65438],{}," if no match is found",[36,127904,125967],{},[20,127906,267],{},[56,127908,127910],{"className":58,"code":127909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127911,127912,127924,127928,127952,127976],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127913,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127915,34265],{"class":71},[65,127917,76],{"class":75},[65,127919,499],{"class":487},[65,127921,3657],{"class":491},[65,127923,2925],{"class":487},[65,127925,127926],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,127927,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,127929,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,127931,164],{"class":163},[65,127933,151],{"class":79},[65,127935,34286],{"class":147},[65,127937,144],{"class":79},[65,127939,127806],{"class":147},[65,127941,151],{"class":79},[65,127943,488],{"class":487},[65,127945,122874],{"class":491},[65,127947,488],{"class":487},[65,127949,758],{"class":79},[65,127951,57230],{"class":175},[65,127953,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127955,164],{"class":163},[65,127957,151],{"class":79},[65,127959,34286],{"class":147},[65,127961,144],{"class":79},[65,127963,127806],{"class":147},[65,127965,151],{"class":79},[65,127967,488],{"class":487},[65,127969,1742],{"class":491},[65,127971,488],{"class":487},[65,127973,758],{"class":79},[65,127975,127869],{"class":175},[65,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,127979,164],{"class":163},[65,127981,151],{"class":79},[65,127983,34286],{"class":147},[65,127985,172],{"class":79},[65,127987,127988],{"class":175},"              # banana\n",[20,127990,20346,127991,127994,127995,144],{},[15,127992,127993],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127996,1624],{},[51,127998,222],{"id":221},[20,128000,1728],{},[56,128002,128004],{"className":58,"code":128003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128005,128006],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128007,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128009,60759],{"class":71},[65,128011,144],{"class":79},[65,128013,127806],{"class":147},[65,128015,151],{"class":79},[65,128017,2040],{"class":147},[65,128019,87],{"class":79},[65,128021,35631],{"class":147},[65,128023,87],{"class":79},[65,128025,64625],{"class":147},[65,128027,157],{"class":79},[1286,128029,16970],{"id":16969},[33,128031,128032,128036,128041],{},[36,128033,128034,122973],{},[15,128035,2040],{},[36,128037,128038,128040],{},[15,128039,35652],{},": optional starting position",[36,128042,128043,128045],{},[15,128044,52246],{},": optional ending position",[20,128047,128048,634,128050,128052],{},[15,128049,35652],{},[15,128051,52246],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128054,126110],{},[56,128056,128058],{"className":58,"code":128057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128059,128060,128072,128076,128101,128130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128061,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128063,34265],{"class":71},[65,128065,76],{"class":75},[65,128067,499],{"class":487},[65,128069,59991],{"class":491},[65,128071,2925],{"class":487},[65,128073,128074],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128075,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128077,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128079,164],{"class":163},[65,128081,151],{"class":79},[65,128083,34286],{"class":147},[65,128085,144],{"class":79},[65,128087,127806],{"class":147},[65,128089,151],{"class":79},[65,128091,488],{"class":487},[65,128093,60058],{"class":491},[65,128095,488],{"class":487},[65,128097,758],{"class":79},[65,128099,128100],{"class":175},"        # 4\n",[65,128102,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128104,164],{"class":163},[65,128106,151],{"class":79},[65,128108,34286],{"class":147},[65,128110,144],{"class":79},[65,128112,127806],{"class":147},[65,128114,151],{"class":79},[65,128116,488],{"class":487},[65,128118,60058],{"class":491},[65,128120,488],{"class":487},[65,128122,87],{"class":79},[65,128124,121],{"class":83},[65,128126,758],{"class":79},[65,128128,128129],{"class":175},"     # 7\n",[65,128131,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,128133,164],{"class":163},[65,128135,151],{"class":79},[65,128137,34286],{"class":147},[65,128139,144],{"class":79},[65,128141,127806],{"class":147},[65,128143,151],{"class":79},[65,128145,488],{"class":487},[65,128147,60058],{"class":491},[65,128149,488],{"class":487},[65,128151,87],{"class":79},[65,128153,121],{"class":83},[65,128155,87],{"class":79},[65,128157,5563],{"class":83},[65,128159,758],{"class":79},[65,128161,128162],{"class":175},"  # -1\n",[51,128164,37601],{"id":37600},[20,128166,57129,128167,128169],{},[15,128168,123776],{}," is always an integer.",[33,128171,128172,128178,128181],{},[36,128173,128174,128175,128177],{},"A number ",[15,128176,1688],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,128179,128180],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,128182,128183,128185],{},[15,128184,65438],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128187,267],{},[56,128189,128191],{"className":58,"code":128190,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128192,128193,128205,128209,128234,128259],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128194,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128196,34265],{"class":71},[65,128198,76],{"class":75},[65,128200,499],{"class":487},[65,128202,60],{"class":491},[65,128204,2925],{"class":487},[65,128206,128207],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128208,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128210,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128228,128230,128232],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128212,164],{"class":163},[65,128214,151],{"class":79},[65,128216,34286],{"class":147},[65,128218,144],{"class":79},[65,128220,127806],{"class":147},[65,128222,151],{"class":79},[65,128224,488],{"class":487},[65,128226,128227],{"class":491},"py",[65,128229,488],{"class":487},[65,128231,758],{"class":79},[65,128233,20343],{"class":175},[65,128235,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128253,128255,128257],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128237,164],{"class":163},[65,128239,151],{"class":79},[65,128241,34286],{"class":147},[65,128243,144],{"class":79},[65,128245,127806],{"class":147},[65,128247,151],{"class":79},[65,128249,488],{"class":487},[65,128251,128252],{"class":491},"th",[65,128254,488],{"class":487},[65,128256,758],{"class":79},[65,128258,57230],{"class":175},[65,128260,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,128262,164],{"class":163},[65,128264,151],{"class":79},[65,128266,34286],{"class":147},[65,128268,144],{"class":79},[65,128270,127806],{"class":147},[65,128272,151],{"class":79},[65,128274,488],{"class":487},[65,128276,21652],{"class":491},[65,128278,488],{"class":487},[65,128280,758],{"class":79},[65,128282,127869],{"class":175},[20,128284,89491,128285,8033,128287,214,128289,144],{},[15,128286,123776],{},[15,128288,3172],{},[15,128290,3240],{},[20,128292,128293],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[51,128295,7994,128296,634,128298],{"id":64990},[15,128297,35652],{},[15,128299,52246],{},[20,128301,1660,128302,128304],{},[15,128303,35652],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128306,1660,128307,128309],{},[15,128308,52246],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128311,1545,128312,75046,128314,128316],{},[15,128313,52246],{},[43,128315,64654],{}," in the search.",[56,128318,128320],{"className":58,"code":128319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128321,128322,128335,128339,128363,128392,128424],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128323,128324,128326,128328,128330,128333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128325,34265],{"class":71},[65,128327,76],{"class":75},[65,128329,499],{"class":487},[65,128331,128332],{"class":491},"one two three two",[65,128334,2925],{"class":487},[65,128336,128337],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128338,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128340,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128342,164],{"class":163},[65,128344,151],{"class":79},[65,128346,34286],{"class":147},[65,128348,144],{"class":79},[65,128350,127806],{"class":147},[65,128352,151],{"class":79},[65,128354,488],{"class":487},[65,128356,78855],{"class":491},[65,128358,488],{"class":487},[65,128360,758],{"class":79},[65,128362,128100],{"class":175},[65,128364,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128366,164],{"class":163},[65,128368,151],{"class":79},[65,128370,34286],{"class":147},[65,128372,144],{"class":79},[65,128374,127806],{"class":147},[65,128376,151],{"class":79},[65,128378,488],{"class":487},[65,128380,78855],{"class":491},[65,128382,488],{"class":487},[65,128384,87],{"class":79},[65,128386,121],{"class":83},[65,128388,758],{"class":79},[65,128390,128391],{"class":175},"     # 14\n",[65,128393,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,128395,164],{"class":163},[65,128397,151],{"class":79},[65,128399,34286],{"class":147},[65,128401,144],{"class":79},[65,128403,127806],{"class":147},[65,128405,151],{"class":79},[65,128407,488],{"class":487},[65,128409,78855],{"class":491},[65,128411,488],{"class":487},[65,128413,87],{"class":79},[65,128415,3400],{"class":83},[65,128417,87],{"class":79},[65,128419,5563],{"class":83},[65,128421,758],{"class":79},[65,128423,50520],{"class":175},[65,128425,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,128427,164],{"class":163},[65,128429,151],{"class":79},[65,128431,34286],{"class":147},[65,128433,144],{"class":79},[65,128435,127806],{"class":147},[65,128437,151],{"class":79},[65,128439,488],{"class":487},[65,128441,78855],{"class":491},[65,128443,488],{"class":487},[65,128445,87],{"class":79},[65,128447,3400],{"class":83},[65,128449,87],{"class":79},[65,128451,116],{"class":83},[65,128453,758],{"class":79},[65,128455,128162],{"class":175},[20,128457,128458],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128460,128461,128462,54655,128466,144],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[210,128463,128465],{"href":128464},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[210,128467,128469,128471],{"href":128468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128470,60116],{}," string method",[51,128473,123428],{"id":123427},[20,128475,128476,123239],{},[15,128477,123776],{},[20,128479,126826,128480,634,128482,128484],{},[15,128481,89999],{},[15,128483,64119],{}," are treated as different text.",[56,128486,128488],{"className":58,"code":128487,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128489,128490,128503,128507,128531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128491,128492,128494,128496,128498,128501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128493,34265],{"class":71},[65,128495,76],{"class":75},[65,128497,499],{"class":487},[65,128499,128500],{"class":491},"Hello World",[65,128502,2925],{"class":487},[65,128504,128505],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128506,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128508,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128510,164],{"class":163},[65,128512,151],{"class":79},[65,128514,34286],{"class":147},[65,128516,144],{"class":79},[65,128518,127806],{"class":147},[65,128520,151],{"class":79},[65,128522,488],{"class":487},[65,128524,34445],{"class":491},[65,128526,488],{"class":487},[65,128528,758],{"class":79},[65,128530,50832],{"class":175},[65,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128534,164],{"class":163},[65,128536,151],{"class":79},[65,128538,34286],{"class":147},[65,128540,144],{"class":79},[65,128542,127806],{"class":147},[65,128544,151],{"class":79},[65,128546,488],{"class":487},[65,128548,3412],{"class":491},[65,128550,488],{"class":487},[65,128552,758],{"class":79},[65,128554,128162],{"class":175},[20,128556,128557],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[56,128559,128561],{"className":58,"code":128560,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128562,128563,128575,128579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128564,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128566,34265],{"class":71},[65,128568,76],{"class":75},[65,128570,499],{"class":487},[65,128572,128500],{"class":491},[65,128574,2925],{"class":487},[65,128576,128577],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128578,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128580,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128582,164],{"class":163},[65,128584,151],{"class":79},[65,128586,34286],{"class":147},[65,128588,144],{"class":79},[65,128590,8217],{"class":147},[65,128592,8214],{"class":79},[65,128594,127806],{"class":147},[65,128596,151],{"class":79},[65,128598,488],{"class":487},[65,128600,3412],{"class":491},[65,128602,488],{"class":487},[65,128604,758],{"class":79},[65,128606,50832],{"class":175},[51,128608,128610,657,128612],{"id":128609},"find-vs-index",[15,128611,123776],{},[15,128613,58552],{},[20,128615,128616,634,128618,128620],{},[15,128617,123776],{},[15,128619,58552],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,128622,128623,128629],{},[36,128624,128625,1965,128627],{},[15,128626,123776],{},[15,128628,65438],{},[36,128630,128631,52080,128633],{},[15,128632,58552],{},[15,128634,40286],{},[20,128636,1660,128637,128639],{},[15,128638,123776],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128641,1660,128642,128644],{},[15,128643,58552],{}," when the value must exist.",[56,128646,128648],{"className":58,"code":128647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128649,128650,128662,128666],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128651,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128653,34265],{"class":71},[65,128655,76],{"class":75},[65,128657,499],{"class":487},[65,128659,3412],{"class":491},[65,128661,2925],{"class":487},[65,128663,128664],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128665,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128667,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128669,164],{"class":163},[65,128671,151],{"class":79},[65,128673,34286],{"class":147},[65,128675,144],{"class":79},[65,128677,127806],{"class":147},[65,128679,151],{"class":79},[65,128681,488],{"class":487},[65,128683,1742],{"class":491},[65,128685,488],{"class":487},[65,128687,758],{"class":79},[65,128689,128690],{"class":175},"   # -1\n",[56,128692,128694],{"className":58,"code":128693,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128695,128696,128708,128712],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128697,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128699,34265],{"class":71},[65,128701,76],{"class":75},[65,128703,499],{"class":487},[65,128705,3412],{"class":491},[65,128707,2925],{"class":487},[65,128709,128710],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128711,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128713,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128715,164],{"class":163},[65,128717,151],{"class":79},[65,128719,34286],{"class":147},[65,128721,144],{"class":79},[65,128723,35425],{"class":147},[65,128725,151],{"class":79},[65,128727,488],{"class":487},[65,128729,1742],{"class":491},[65,128731,488],{"class":487},[65,128733,758],{"class":79},[65,128735,128736],{"class":175},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128738,128739,128740,128744,128745,128747,128748,144],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[210,128741,128742,128471],{"href":123801},[15,128743,58552],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128746,58552],{},", read ",[210,128749,25255,128750],{"href":73066},[15,128751,128752],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[51,128754,40628],{"id":40627},[20,128756,34984,128757,128759],{},[15,128758,123776],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,128761,128762,128765,128768,128771],{},[36,128763,128764],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,128766,128767],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,128769,128770],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,128772,128773],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128775,128776],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[56,128778,128780],{"className":58,"code":128779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128781,128782,128795,128818,128822,128837,128853,128872,128886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128783,128784,128786,128788,128790,128793],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128785,34265],{"class":71},[65,128787,76],{"class":75},[65,128789,499],{"class":487},[65,128791,128792],{"class":491},"name:Alice",[65,128794,2925],{"class":487},[65,128796,128797,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128798,128799],{"class":71},"colon_pos ",[65,128801,76],{"class":75},[65,128803,42425],{"class":71},[65,128805,144],{"class":79},[65,128807,127806],{"class":147},[65,128809,151],{"class":79},[65,128811,488],{"class":487},[65,128813,191],{"class":491},[65,128815,488],{"class":487},[65,128817,157],{"class":79},[65,128819,128820],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128821,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128823,128824,128826,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128825,6569],{"class":3444},[65,128827,128828],{"class":71}," colon_pos ",[65,128830,72176],{"class":75},[65,128832,1790],{"class":75},[65,128834,84],{"class":83},[65,128836,5963],{"class":79},[65,128838,128839,128842,128844,128846,128848,128851],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,128840,128841],{"class":71},"    label ",[65,128843,76],{"class":75},[65,128845,42425],{"class":71},[65,128847,75119],{"class":79},[65,128849,128850],{"class":71},"colon_pos",[65,128852,1352],{"class":79},[65,128854,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,128856,26976],{"class":71},[65,128858,76],{"class":75},[65,128860,42425],{"class":71},[65,128862,3469],{"class":79},[65,128864,128799],{"class":71},[65,128866,1627],{"class":75},[65,128868,5066],{"class":83},[65,128870,128871],{"class":79},":]\n",[65,128873,128874,128876,128878,128881,128883],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,128875,7644],{"class":163},[65,128877,151],{"class":79},[65,128879,128880],{"class":147},"label",[65,128882,172],{"class":79},[65,128884,128885],{"class":175},"  # name\n",[65,128887,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,128889,7644],{"class":163},[65,128891,151],{"class":79},[65,128893,2040],{"class":147},[65,128895,172],{"class":79},[65,128897,128898],{"class":175},"  # Alice\n",[20,128900,128901,128902,144],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[210,128903,126817],{"href":123036},[51,128905,2396],{"id":2395},[20,128907,128908,128909,191],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128910,123776],{},[33,128912,128913,128922,128928,128933,128939],{},[36,128914,8030,128915,8033,128917,214,128919,128921],{},[15,128916,123776],{},[15,128918,3172],{},[15,128920,3240],{}," instead of an index",[36,128923,128924,128925,128927],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128926,65438],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,128929,7994,128930,128932],{},[15,128931,123776],{}," without handling case differences",[36,128934,36784,128935,8282,128937],{},[15,128936,123776],{},[15,128938,58552],{},[36,128940,4148,128941,128943],{},[15,128942,123776],{}," changes the string",[20,128945,128946],{},"Example of a mistake:",[56,128948,128950],{"className":58,"code":128949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128951,128952,128964,128968,128988,129003,129009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128953,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128955,34265],{"class":71},[65,128957,76],{"class":75},[65,128959,499],{"class":487},[65,128961,3412],{"class":491},[65,128963,2925],{"class":487},[65,128965,128966],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,128967,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,128969,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,128971,6569],{"class":3444},[65,128973,42425],{"class":71},[65,128975,144],{"class":79},[65,128977,127806],{"class":147},[65,128979,151],{"class":79},[65,128981,488],{"class":487},[65,128983,60023],{"class":491},[65,128985,488],{"class":487},[65,128987,7918],{"class":79},[65,128989,128990,128992,128994,128996,128999,129001],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128991,7644],{"class":163},[65,128993,151],{"class":79},[65,128995,488],{"class":487},[65,128997,128998],{"class":491},"Found",[65,129000,488],{"class":487},[65,129002,157],{"class":79},[65,129004,129005,129007],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129006,27009],{"class":3444},[65,129008,5963],{"class":79},[65,129010,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,129012,7644],{"class":163},[65,129014,151],{"class":79},[65,129016,488],{"class":487},[65,129018,25891],{"class":491},[65,129020,488],{"class":487},[65,129022,157],{"class":79},[20,129024,99489],{},[56,129026,129028],{"className":58,"code":129027,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Not found\n",[15,129029,129030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129031,129032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129033,129027],{"class":71},[20,129035,45287,129036,129039,129040,1494,129042,129044,129045,129047],{},[15,129037,129038],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129041,1688],{},[15,129043,1688],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129046,6569],{}," statement.",[20,129049,129050],{},"A safer version is:",[56,129052,129054],{"className":58,"code":129053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129055,129056,129068,129072,129101,129115,129121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129057,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129059,34265],{"class":71},[65,129061,76],{"class":75},[65,129063,499],{"class":487},[65,129065,3412],{"class":491},[65,129067,2925],{"class":487},[65,129069,129070],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129071,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,129073,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129095,129097,129099],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,129075,6569],{"class":3444},[65,129077,42425],{"class":71},[65,129079,144],{"class":79},[65,129081,127806],{"class":147},[65,129083,151],{"class":79},[65,129085,488],{"class":487},[65,129087,60023],{"class":491},[65,129089,488],{"class":487},[65,129091,172],{"class":79},[65,129093,129094],{"class":75}," !=",[65,129096,1790],{"class":75},[65,129098,84],{"class":83},[65,129100,5963],{"class":79},[65,129102,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129104,7644],{"class":163},[65,129106,151],{"class":79},[65,129108,488],{"class":487},[65,129110,128998],{"class":491},[65,129112,488],{"class":487},[65,129114,157],{"class":79},[65,129116,129117,129119],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129118,27009],{"class":3444},[65,129120,5963],{"class":79},[65,129122,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,129124,7644],{"class":163},[65,129126,151],{"class":79},[65,129128,488],{"class":487},[65,129130,25891],{"class":491},[65,129132,488],{"class":487},[65,129134,157],{"class":79},[20,129136,129137],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[56,129139,129141],{"className":58,"code":129140,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129142,129143,129165,129179,129205,129219],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129144,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129146,164],{"class":163},[65,129148,151],{"class":79},[65,129150,34286],{"class":147},[65,129152,144],{"class":79},[65,129154,127806],{"class":147},[65,129156,151],{"class":79},[65,129158,594],{"class":487},[65,129160,37972],{"class":491},[65,129162,594],{"class":487},[65,129164,1028],{"class":79},[65,129166,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129168,164],{"class":163},[65,129170,151],{"class":79},[65,129172,41362],{"class":163},[65,129174,151],{"class":79},[65,129176,34286],{"class":147},[65,129178,1028],{"class":79},[65,129180,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,129182,164],{"class":163},[65,129184,151],{"class":79},[65,129186,34286],{"class":147},[65,129188,144],{"class":79},[65,129190,8217],{"class":147},[65,129192,8214],{"class":79},[65,129194,127806],{"class":147},[65,129196,151],{"class":79},[65,129198,594],{"class":487},[65,129200,37972],{"class":491},[65,129202,594],{"class":487},[65,129204,1028],{"class":79},[65,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129208,164],{"class":163},[65,129210,151],{"class":79},[65,129212,10737],{"class":163},[65,129214,151],{"class":79},[65,129216,34286],{"class":147},[65,129218,1028],{"class":79},[65,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129222,164],{"class":163},[65,129224,151],{"class":79},[65,129226,34286],{"class":147},[65,129228,144],{"class":79},[65,129230,127806],{"class":147},[65,129232,151],{"class":79},[65,129234,594],{"class":487},[65,129236,37972],{"class":491},[65,129238,594],{"class":487},[65,129240,87],{"class":79},[65,129242,35631],{"class":147},[65,129244,87],{"class":79},[65,129246,64625],{"class":147},[65,129248,1028],{"class":79},[20,129250,129251],{},"These help you check:",[33,129253,129254,129259,129264,129269,129272],{},[36,129255,129256,129257],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129258,123776],{},[36,129260,129261,129262],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129263,121995],{},[36,129265,129266,129267],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129268,123511],{},[36,129270,129271],{},"The string length",[36,129273,129274,129275,634,129277,129279],{},"Whether your ",[15,129276,35652],{},[15,129278,52246],{}," values are correct",[51,129281,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,129283,129285,129286,129288],{"id":129284},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129287,123776],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129290,4717,129291,144],{},[15,129292,65438],{},[1286,129294,1289,129296,129298],{"id":129295},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129297,123776],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129300,129301],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1286,129303,129305,129306,124117],{"id":129304},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129307,123776],{},[20,129309,129310],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1286,129312,1299,129314,634,129316,69239],{"id":129313},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129315,123776],{},[15,129317,58552],{},[20,129319,129320,1965,129322,129324,129325,52080,129327,144],{},[15,129321,123776],{},[15,129323,65438],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129326,58552],{},[15,129328,40286],{},[1286,129330,1316,129332,129334],{"id":129331},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129333,123776],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129336,129337,129338,634,129340,65737],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129339,35652],{},[15,129341,52246],{},[51,129343,1455],{"id":1454},[33,129345,129346,129352,129358,129365,129371,129378,129382,129387],{},[36,129347,129348],{},[210,129349,125781,129350,1474],{"href":123801},[15,129351,58552],{},[36,129353,129354],{},[210,129355,125781,129356,1474],{"href":128468},[15,129357,60116],{},[36,129359,129360],{},[210,129361,125781,129363,1474],{"href":129362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129364,123952],{},[36,129366,129367],{},[210,129368,125781,129369,1474],{"href":127146},[15,129370,127149],{},[36,129372,129373],{},[210,129374,125781,129376,1474],{"href":129375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129377,125839],{},[36,129379,129380],{},[210,129381,124180],{"href":123036},[36,129383,129384],{},[210,129385,129386],{"href":128464},"How to split a string in Python",[36,129388,129389],{},[210,129390,25698,129391],{"href":73066},[15,129392,128752],{},[1499,129394,129395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":129397},[129398,129400,129403,129404,129405,129406,129408,129409,129410,129422],{"id":127882,"depth":101,"text":129399},"What find() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":129401},[129402],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601},{"id":64990,"depth":101,"text":65773},{"id":123427,"depth":101,"text":123428},{"id":128609,"depth":101,"text":129407},"find() vs index()",{"id":40627,"depth":101,"text":40628},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":129411},[129412,129414,129416,129418,129420],{"id":129284,"depth":126,"text":129413},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129295,"depth":126,"text":129415},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129304,"depth":126,"text":129417},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129313,"depth":126,"text":129419},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129331,"depth":126,"text":129421},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127754,"description":129423},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129430,"title":129431,"body":129432,"description":131358,"extension":1528,"meta":131359,"navigation":129,"path":131360,"seo":131361,"stem":131362,"__hash__":131363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129433,"toc":131326},[129434,129439,129444,129447,129449,129525,129529,129557,129565,129569,129574,129578,129595,129597,129664,129668,129690,129698,129700,129703,129727,129730,129744,129746,129831,129835,129847,129850,129854,129860,129910,129914,129931,129940,129943,129951,129954,130003,130007,130032,130035,130090,130094,130106,130112,130116,130122,130127,130194,130198,130224,130227,130238,130240,130307,130311,130336,130343,130347,130352,130359,130367,130369,130421,130425,130443,130445,130490,130494,130509,130512,130522,130529,130531,130535,130538,130549,130551,130611,130615,130643,130646,130652,130657,130660,130664,130708,130711,130749,130752,130760,130762,130767,130771,130774,130822,130825,130828,130884,130888,130893,130896,130945,130947,130996,131002,131007,131009,131056,131060,131073,131075,131126,131132,131135,131139,131142,131148,131153,131155,131158,131230,131233,131250,131252,131257,131260,131264,131270,131276,131283,131289,131295,131297,131323],[10,129435,122781,129437,18],{"id":129436},"python-string-format-method",[15,129438,125784],{},[20,129440,122786,129441,129443],{},[15,129442,125784],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129445,129446],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[51,129448,1570],{"id":1569},[56,129450,129452],{"className":58,"code":129451,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129453,129454,129466,129474,129478,129515],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129455,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129457,7451],{"class":71},[65,129459,76],{"class":75},[65,129461,499],{"class":487},[65,129463,11083],{"class":491},[65,129465,2925],{"class":487},[65,129467,129468,129470,129472],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129469,21203],{"class":71},[65,129471,76],{"class":75},[65,129473,88380],{"class":83},[65,129475,129476],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,129477,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,129479,129480,129482,129484,129486,129489,129491,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129481,89588],{"class":71},[65,129483,76],{"class":75},[65,129485,499],{"class":487},[65,129487,129488],{"class":491},"My name is ",[65,129490,3358],{"class":83},[65,129492,129493],{"class":491}," and I am ",[65,129495,3358],{"class":83},[65,129497,121777],{"class":491},[65,129499,488],{"class":487},[65,129501,144],{"class":79},[65,129503,129504],{"class":147},"format",[65,129506,151],{"class":79},[65,129508,7241],{"class":147},[65,129510,87],{"class":79},[65,129512,8767],{"class":147},[65,129514,157],{"class":79},[65,129516,129517,129519,129521,129523],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129518,164],{"class":163},[65,129520,151],{"class":79},[65,129522,89605],{"class":147},[65,129524,157],{"class":79},[20,129526,129527],{},[43,129528,350],{},[56,129530,129532],{"className":58,"code":129531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129533,129534],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129535,129536,129539,129541,129544,129547,129550,129553,129555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129537,129538],{"class":71},"My name ",[65,129540,11769],{"class":75},[65,129542,129543],{"class":71}," Maya ",[65,129545,129546],{"class":75},"and",[65,129548,129549],{"class":71}," I am ",[65,129551,129552],{"class":83},"12",[65,129554,121810],{"class":71},[65,129556,121813],{"class":79},[20,129558,1660,129559,129561,129562,129564],{},[15,129560,3358],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129563,125784],{}," in the same order.",[20,129566,124533,129567,144],{},[210,129568,124536],{"href":50560},[51,129570,12572,129572,12575],{"id":129571},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129573,125784],{},[20,129575,1545,129576,10988],{},[15,129577,125784],{},[33,129579,129580,129583,129589,129592],{},[36,129581,129582],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,129584,129585,129586,129588],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129587,3358],{}," with given values",[36,129590,129591],{},"returns a new string",[36,129593,129594],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129596,267],{},[56,129598,129600],{"className":58,"code":129599,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129601,129602,129616,129639,129643,129654],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129603,129604,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129605,34265],{"class":71},[65,129607,76],{"class":75},[65,129609,499],{"class":487},[65,129611,44485],{"class":491},[65,129613,3358],{"class":83},[65,129615,2925],{"class":487},[65,129617,129618,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129619,129620],{"class":71},"new_text ",[65,129622,76],{"class":75},[65,129624,42425],{"class":71},[65,129626,144],{"class":79},[65,129628,129504],{"class":147},[65,129630,151],{"class":79},[65,129632,488],{"class":487},[65,129634,7250],{"class":491},[65,129636,488],{"class":487},[65,129638,157],{"class":79},[65,129640,129641],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,129642,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,129644,129645,129647,129649,129652],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129646,164],{"class":163},[65,129648,151],{"class":79},[65,129650,129651],{"class":147},"new_text",[65,129653,157],{"class":79},[65,129655,129656,129658,129660,129662],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129657,164],{"class":163},[65,129659,151],{"class":79},[65,129661,34286],{"class":147},[65,129663,157],{"class":79},[20,129665,129666],{},[43,129667,350],{},[56,129669,129671],{"className":58,"code":129670,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129672,129673,129682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129674,129675,129677,129679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129676,34445],{"class":71},[65,129678,87],{"class":79},[65,129680,129681],{"class":71}," Sam\n",[65,129683,129684,129686,129688],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129685,34445],{"class":71},[65,129687,87],{"class":79},[65,129689,9416],{"class":79},[20,129691,1853,129692,129694,129695,129697],{},[15,129693,34286],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129696,125784],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[51,129699,222],{"id":221},[20,129701,129702],{},"The general form is:",[56,129704,129706],{"className":58,"code":129705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129707,129708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129709,129710,129712,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129711,488],{"class":42912},[65,129713,129714],{"class":42916},"text {}",[65,129716,488],{"class":42912},[65,129718,144],{"class":79},[65,129720,129504],{"class":147},[65,129722,151],{"class":79},[65,129724,2040],{"class":147},[65,129726,157],{"class":79},[20,129728,129729],{},"Key idea:",[33,129731,129732,129738,129741],{},[36,129733,129734,129735,129737],{},"each ",[15,129736,3358],{}," is a placeholder",[36,129739,129740],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,129742,129743],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129745,267],{},[56,129747,129749],{"className":58,"code":129748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129750,129751,129764,129778,129782,129820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129752,129753,129756,129758,129760,129762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129754,129755],{"class":71},"animal ",[65,129757,76],{"class":75},[65,129759,499],{"class":487},[65,129761,36627],{"class":491},[65,129763,2925],{"class":487},[65,129765,129766,129769,129771,129773,129776],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129767,129768],{"class":71},"sound ",[65,129770,76],{"class":75},[65,129772,499],{"class":487},[65,129774,129775],{"class":491},"meow",[65,129777,2925],{"class":487},[65,129779,129780],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,129781,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,129783,129784,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129813,129815,129818],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129785,129786],{"class":71},"sentence ",[65,129788,76],{"class":75},[65,129790,499],{"class":487},[65,129792,1545],{"class":491},[65,129794,3358],{"class":83},[65,129796,129797],{"class":491}," says ",[65,129799,3358],{"class":83},[65,129801,144],{"class":491},[65,129803,488],{"class":487},[65,129805,144],{"class":79},[65,129807,129504],{"class":147},[65,129809,151],{"class":79},[65,129811,129812],{"class":147},"animal",[65,129814,87],{"class":79},[65,129816,129817],{"class":147}," sound",[65,129819,157],{"class":79},[65,129821,129822,129824,129826,129829],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,129823,164],{"class":163},[65,129825,151],{"class":79},[65,129827,129828],{"class":147},"sentence",[65,129830,157],{"class":79},[20,129832,129833],{},[43,129834,350],{},[56,129836,129838],{"className":58,"code":129837,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129839,129840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129841,129842,129845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129843,129844],{"class":71},"The cat says meow",[65,129846,121813],{"class":79},[20,129848,129849],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[51,129851,129853],{"id":129852},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129855,129856,129857,129859],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129858,3358],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[56,129861,129863],{"className":58,"code":129862,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129864,129865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129866,129867,129869,129871,129873,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894,129897,129899,129901,129903,129906,129908],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129868,164],{"class":163},[65,129870,151],{"class":79},[65,129872,488],{"class":487},[65,129874,129875],{"class":491},"I like ",[65,129877,3358],{"class":83},[65,129879,634],{"class":491},[65,129881,3358],{"class":83},[65,129883,144],{"class":491},[65,129885,488],{"class":487},[65,129887,144],{"class":79},[65,129889,129504],{"class":147},[65,129891,151],{"class":79},[65,129893,488],{"class":487},[65,129895,129896],{"class":491},"pizza",[65,129898,488],{"class":487},[65,129900,87],{"class":79},[65,129902,499],{"class":487},[65,129904,129905],{"class":491},"pasta",[65,129907,488],{"class":487},[65,129909,1028],{"class":79},[20,129911,129912],{},[43,129913,350],{},[56,129915,129917],{"className":58,"code":129916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129918,129919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129920,129921,129924,129926,129929],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129922,129923],{"class":71},"I like pizza ",[65,129925,129546],{"class":75},[65,129927,129928],{"class":71}," pasta",[65,129930,121813],{"class":79},[20,129932,129933,129934,634,129937,144],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129935,129936],{},"{0}",[15,129938,129939],{},"{1}",[20,129941,129942],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,129944,129945,129948],{},[36,129946,129947],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,129949,129950],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129952,129953],{},"Example with reused values:",[56,129955,129957],{"className":58,"code":129956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129958,129959,129993],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129960,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129972,129974,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129962,34265],{"class":71},[65,129964,76],{"class":75},[65,129966,499],{"class":487},[65,129968,129936],{"class":83},[65,129970,129971],{"class":491}," is learning Python. ",[65,129973,129936],{"class":83},[65,129975,129976],{"class":491}," likes coding.",[65,129978,488],{"class":487},[65,129980,144],{"class":79},[65,129982,129504],{"class":147},[65,129984,151],{"class":79},[65,129986,488],{"class":487},[65,129988,19457],{"class":491},[65,129990,488],{"class":487},[65,129992,157],{"class":79},[65,129994,129995,129997,129999,130001],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,129996,164],{"class":163},[65,129998,151],{"class":79},[65,130000,34286],{"class":147},[65,130002,157],{"class":79},[20,130004,130005],{},[43,130006,350],{},[56,130008,130010],{"className":58,"code":130009,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130011,130012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130013,130014,130017,130019,130022,130024,130027,130030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130015,130016],{"class":71},"Lina ",[65,130018,11769],{"class":75},[65,130020,130021],{"class":71}," learning Python",[65,130023,144],{"class":79},[65,130025,130026],{"class":24325}," Lina",[65,130028,130029],{"class":71}," likes coding",[65,130031,121813],{"class":79},[20,130033,130034],{},"Example with changed order:",[56,130036,130038],{"className":58,"code":130037,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130039,130040,130080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130041,130042,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130054,130056,130058,130060,130062,130064,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074,130076,130078],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130043,34265],{"class":71},[65,130045,76],{"class":75},[65,130047,499],{"class":487},[65,130049,129939],{"class":83},[65,130051,82907],{"class":491},[65,130053,129936],{"class":83},[65,130055,144],{"class":491},[65,130057,488],{"class":487},[65,130059,144],{"class":79},[65,130061,129504],{"class":147},[65,130063,151],{"class":79},[65,130065,488],{"class":487},[65,130067,6156],{"class":491},[65,130069,488],{"class":487},[65,130071,87],{"class":79},[65,130073,499],{"class":487},[65,130075,78855],{"class":491},[65,130077,488],{"class":487},[65,130079,157],{"class":79},[65,130081,130082,130084,130086,130088],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130083,164],{"class":163},[65,130085,151],{"class":79},[65,130087,34286],{"class":147},[65,130089,157],{"class":79},[20,130091,130092],{},[43,130093,350],{},[56,130095,130097],{"className":58,"code":130096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130098,130099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130100,130101,130104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130102,130103],{"class":71},"two comes after one",[65,130105,121813],{"class":79},[20,130107,130108,130109,130111],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130110,3358],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[51,130113,130115],{"id":130114},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130117,130118,130119,144],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130120,130121],{},"{name}",[20,130123,130124,130125,191],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130126,125784],{},[56,130128,130130],{"className":58,"code":130129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130131,130132,130184],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130133,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176,130178,130180,130182],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130135,34265],{"class":71},[65,130137,76],{"class":75},[65,130139,499],{"class":487},[65,130141,129488],{"class":491},[65,130143,130121],{"class":83},[65,130145,130146],{"class":491}," and I live in ",[65,130148,130149],{"class":83},"{city}",[65,130151,144],{"class":491},[65,130153,488],{"class":487},[65,130155,144],{"class":79},[65,130157,129504],{"class":147},[65,130159,151],{"class":79},[65,130161,7241],{"class":8754},[65,130163,76],{"class":75},[65,130165,488],{"class":487},[65,130167,12456],{"class":491},[65,130169,488],{"class":487},[65,130171,87],{"class":79},[65,130173,30960],{"class":8754},[65,130175,76],{"class":75},[65,130177,488],{"class":487},[65,130179,15606],{"class":491},[65,130181,488],{"class":487},[65,130183,157],{"class":79},[65,130185,130186,130188,130190,130192],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130187,164],{"class":163},[65,130189,151],{"class":79},[65,130191,34286],{"class":147},[65,130193,157],{"class":79},[20,130195,130196],{},[43,130197,350],{},[56,130199,130201],{"className":58,"code":130200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130202,130203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130204,130205,130207,130209,130212,130214,130217,130219,130222],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130206,129538],{"class":71},[65,130208,11769],{"class":75},[65,130210,130211],{"class":71}," Ana ",[65,130213,129546],{"class":75},[65,130215,130216],{"class":71}," I live ",[65,130218,3451],{"class":75},[65,130220,130221],{"class":71}," Lima",[65,130223,121813],{"class":79},[20,130225,130226],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,130228,130229,130232,130235],{},[36,130230,130231],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,130233,130234],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,130236,130237],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130239,267],{},[56,130241,130243],{"className":58,"code":130242,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130244,130245,130297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130246,130247,130250,130252,130254,130257,130260,130263,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130283,130285,130287,130290,130292,130295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130248,130249],{"class":71},"report ",[65,130251,76],{"class":75},[65,130253,499],{"class":487},[65,130255,130256],{"class":491},"Student: ",[65,130258,130259],{"class":83},"{student}",[65,130261,130262],{"class":491},", Score: ",[65,130264,130265],{"class":83},"{score}",[65,130267,488],{"class":487},[65,130269,144],{"class":79},[65,130271,129504],{"class":147},[65,130273,151],{"class":79},[65,130275,13200],{"class":8754},[65,130277,76],{"class":75},[65,130279,488],{"class":487},[65,130281,130282],{"class":491},"Noah",[65,130284,488],{"class":487},[65,130286,87],{"class":79},[65,130288,130289],{"class":8754}," score",[65,130291,76],{"class":75},[65,130293,130294],{"class":83},"95",[65,130296,157],{"class":79},[65,130298,130299,130301,130303,130305],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130300,164],{"class":163},[65,130302,151],{"class":79},[65,130304,127494],{"class":147},[65,130306,157],{"class":79},[20,130308,130309],{},[43,130310,350],{},[56,130312,130314],{"className":58,"code":130313,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130315,130316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130317,130318,130321,130323,130326,130328,130331,130333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130319,130320],{"class":71},"Student",[65,130322,191],{"class":79},[65,130324,130325],{"class":71}," Noah",[65,130327,87],{"class":79},[65,130329,130330],{"class":71}," Score",[65,130332,191],{"class":79},[65,130334,130335],{"class":83}," 95\n",[20,130337,130338,130339,144],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[210,130340,3143,130341,3076],{"href":41758},[15,130342,47268],{},[51,130344,130346],{"id":130345},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130348,130349,130351],{},[15,130350,125784],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130353,130354,130355,130358],{},"A common example is ",[15,130356,130357],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,130360,130361,130364],{},[36,130362,130363],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,130365,130366],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130368,267],{},[56,130370,130372],{"className":58,"code":130371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130373,130374,130382,130411],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130375,130376,130378,130380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130377,39969],{"class":71},[65,130379,76],{"class":75},[65,130381,48861],{"class":83},[65,130383,130384,130386,130388,130390,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403,130405,130407,130409],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130385,34265],{"class":71},[65,130387,76],{"class":75},[65,130389,499],{"class":487},[65,130391,130392],{"class":491},"Price: $",[65,130394,360],{"class":83},[65,130396,130357],{"class":1632},[65,130398,21878],{"class":83},[65,130400,488],{"class":487},[65,130402,144],{"class":79},[65,130404,129504],{"class":147},[65,130406,151],{"class":79},[65,130408,24725],{"class":147},[65,130410,157],{"class":79},[65,130412,130413,130415,130417,130419],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,130414,164],{"class":163},[65,130416,151],{"class":79},[65,130418,34286],{"class":147},[65,130420,157],{"class":79},[20,130422,130423],{},[43,130424,350],{},[56,130426,130428],{"className":58,"code":130427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130429,130430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130431,130432,130435,130437,130440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130433,130434],{"class":71},"Price",[65,130436,191],{"class":79},[65,130438,130439],{"class":36947}," $",[65,130441,130442],{"class":83},"3.50\n",[20,130444,51665],{},[56,130446,130448],{"className":58,"code":130447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130449,130450,130460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130451,130452,130455,130457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130453,130454],{"class":71},"average ",[65,130456,76],{"class":75},[65,130458,130459],{"class":83}," 91.236\n",[65,130461,130462,130464,130466,130468,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130488],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130463,164],{"class":163},[65,130465,151],{"class":79},[65,130467,488],{"class":487},[65,130469,130470],{"class":491},"Average: ",[65,130472,360],{"class":83},[65,130474,130357],{"class":1632},[65,130476,21878],{"class":83},[65,130478,488],{"class":487},[65,130480,144],{"class":79},[65,130482,129504],{"class":147},[65,130484,151],{"class":79},[65,130486,130487],{"class":147},"average",[65,130489,1028],{"class":79},[20,130491,130492],{},[43,130493,350],{},[56,130495,130497],{"className":58,"code":130496,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130498,130499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130500,130501,130504,130506],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130502,130503],{"class":71},"Average",[65,130505,191],{"class":79},[65,130507,130508],{"class":83}," 91.24\n",[20,130510,130511],{},"This is useful for:",[33,130513,130514,130516,130519],{},[36,130515,82665],{},[36,130517,130518],{},"averages",[36,130520,130521],{},"percentages",[20,130523,130524,130525,144],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[210,130526,3143,130527,1870],{"href":46033},[15,130528,46036],{},[51,130530,16994],{"id":16993},[20,130532,130533,92102],{},[15,130534,125784],{},[20,130536,130537],{},"That means you can:",[33,130539,130540,130543,130546],{},[36,130541,130542],{},"save it in a variable",[36,130544,130545],{},"print it directly",[36,130547,130548],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130550,267],{},[56,130552,130554],{"className":58,"code":130553,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130555,130556,130587,130597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130557,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130583,130585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130559,89588],{"class":71},[65,130561,76],{"class":75},[65,130563,499],{"class":487},[65,130565,44485],{"class":491},[65,130567,3358],{"class":83},[65,130569,89429],{"class":491},[65,130571,488],{"class":487},[65,130573,144],{"class":79},[65,130575,129504],{"class":147},[65,130577,151],{"class":79},[65,130579,488],{"class":487},[65,130581,130582],{"class":491},"Chris",[65,130584,488],{"class":487},[65,130586,157],{"class":79},[65,130588,130589,130591,130593,130595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130590,164],{"class":163},[65,130592,151],{"class":79},[65,130594,89605],{"class":147},[65,130596,157],{"class":79},[65,130598,130599,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,130600,164],{"class":163},[65,130602,151],{"class":79},[65,130604,1260],{"class":1259},[65,130606,151],{"class":79},[65,130608,89605],{"class":147},[65,130610,1028],{"class":79},[20,130612,130613],{},[43,130614,350],{},[56,130616,130618],{"className":58,"code":130617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130619,130620,130629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130621,130622,130624,130626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130623,34445],{"class":71},[65,130625,87],{"class":79},[65,130627,130628],{"class":71}," Chris!\n",[65,130630,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130632,2857],{"class":75},[65,130634,2860],{"class":1632},[65,130636,603],{"class":487},[65,130638,3010],{"class":491},[65,130640,594],{"class":487},[65,130642,2869],{"class":75},[20,130644,130645],{},"The original string is not changed.",[51,130647,130649,130651],{"id":130648},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130650,125784],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130653,130654,130656],{},[15,130655,125784],{}," is a string method.",[20,130658,130659],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130661,45624,130662,191],{},[15,130663,125784],{},[56,130665,130667],{"className":58,"code":130666,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130668,130669,130682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130670,130671,130673,130675,130677,130680],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130672,7451],{"class":71},[65,130674,76],{"class":75},[65,130676,499],{"class":487},[65,130678,130679],{"class":491},"Rita",[65,130681,2925],{"class":487},[65,130683,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130685,164],{"class":163},[65,130687,151],{"class":79},[65,130689,488],{"class":487},[65,130691,44485],{"class":491},[65,130693,3358],{"class":83},[65,130695,89429],{"class":491},[65,130697,488],{"class":487},[65,130699,144],{"class":79},[65,130701,129504],{"class":147},[65,130703,151],{"class":79},[65,130705,7241],{"class":147},[65,130707,1028],{"class":79},[20,130709,130710],{},"Example with an f-string:",[56,130712,130714],{"className":58,"code":130713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130715,130716,130728],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130717,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130719,7451],{"class":71},[65,130721,76],{"class":75},[65,130723,499],{"class":487},[65,130725,130679],{"class":491},[65,130727,2925],{"class":487},[65,130729,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130747],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130731,164],{"class":163},[65,130733,151],{"class":79},[65,130735,21869],{"class":1632},[65,130737,42930],{"class":491},[65,130739,360],{"class":83},[65,130741,7241],{"class":147},[65,130743,21878],{"class":83},[65,130745,130746],{"class":491},"!\"",[65,130748,157],{"class":79},[20,130750,130751],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130753,130754,130755,130757,130758,144],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130756,125784],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[210,130759,89274],{"href":89273},[51,130761,2396],{"id":2395},[20,130763,130764,130765,144],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130766,125784],{},[1286,130768,130770],{"id":130769},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130772,130773],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[56,130775,130777],{"className":58,"code":130776,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130778,130779,130812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130780,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130782,34265],{"class":71},[65,130784,76],{"class":75},[65,130786,499],{"class":487},[65,130788,44485],{"class":491},[65,130790,3358],{"class":83},[65,130792,130793],{"class":83}," {}",[65,130795,89429],{"class":491},[65,130797,488],{"class":487},[65,130799,144],{"class":79},[65,130801,129504],{"class":147},[65,130803,151],{"class":79},[65,130805,488],{"class":487},[65,130807,7250],{"class":491},[65,130809,488],{"class":487},[65,130811,157],{"class":79},[65,130813,130814,130816,130818,130820],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130815,164],{"class":163},[65,130817,151],{"class":79},[65,130819,34286],{"class":147},[65,130821,157],{"class":79},[20,130823,130824],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130826,130827],{},"Fixed version:",[56,130829,130831],{"className":58,"code":130830,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130832,130833,130874],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130870,130872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130836,34265],{"class":71},[65,130838,76],{"class":75},[65,130840,499],{"class":487},[65,130842,44485],{"class":491},[65,130844,3358],{"class":83},[65,130846,130793],{"class":83},[65,130848,89429],{"class":491},[65,130850,488],{"class":487},[65,130852,144],{"class":79},[65,130854,129504],{"class":147},[65,130856,151],{"class":79},[65,130858,488],{"class":487},[65,130860,7250],{"class":491},[65,130862,488],{"class":487},[65,130864,87],{"class":79},[65,130866,499],{"class":487},[65,130868,130869],{"class":491},"Lee",[65,130871,488],{"class":487},[65,130873,157],{"class":79},[65,130875,130876,130878,130880,130882],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130877,164],{"class":163},[65,130879,151],{"class":79},[65,130881,34286],{"class":147},[65,130883,157],{"class":79},[1286,130885,130887],{"id":130886},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130889,130890,130891,144],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130892,125784],{},[20,130894,130895],{},"Problem:",[56,130897,130899],{"className":58,"code":130898,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130900,130901,130935],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130902,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130904,34265],{"class":71},[65,130906,76],{"class":75},[65,130908,499],{"class":487},[65,130910,44485],{"class":491},[65,130912,130121],{"class":83},[65,130914,89429],{"class":491},[65,130916,488],{"class":487},[65,130918,144],{"class":79},[65,130920,129504],{"class":147},[65,130922,151],{"class":79},[65,130924,7560],{"class":8754},[65,130926,76],{"class":75},[65,130928,488],{"class":487},[65,130930,7250],{"class":491},[65,130932,488],{"class":487},[65,130934,157],{"class":79},[65,130936,130937,130939,130941,130943],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130938,164],{"class":163},[65,130940,151],{"class":79},[65,130942,34286],{"class":147},[65,130944,157],{"class":79},[20,130946,130827],{},[56,130948,130950],{"className":58,"code":130949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130951,130952,130986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130953,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130955,34265],{"class":71},[65,130957,76],{"class":75},[65,130959,499],{"class":487},[65,130961,44485],{"class":491},[65,130963,130121],{"class":83},[65,130965,89429],{"class":491},[65,130967,488],{"class":487},[65,130969,144],{"class":79},[65,130971,129504],{"class":147},[65,130973,151],{"class":79},[65,130975,7241],{"class":8754},[65,130977,76],{"class":75},[65,130979,488],{"class":487},[65,130981,7250],{"class":491},[65,130983,488],{"class":487},[65,130985,157],{"class":79},[65,130987,130988,130990,130992,130994],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,130989,164],{"class":163},[65,130991,151],{"class":79},[65,130993,34286],{"class":147},[65,130995,157],{"class":79},[1286,130997,8030,130999,131001],{"id":130998},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131000,125784],{}," to change the original string",[20,131003,131004,131006],{},[15,131005,125784],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131008,130895],{},[56,131010,131012],{"className":58,"code":131011,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131013,131014,131028,131046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131015,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131017,34265],{"class":71},[65,131019,76],{"class":75},[65,131021,499],{"class":487},[65,131023,44485],{"class":491},[65,131025,3358],{"class":83},[65,131027,2925],{"class":487},[65,131029,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042,131044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131031,34286],{"class":71},[65,131033,144],{"class":79},[65,131035,129504],{"class":147},[65,131037,151],{"class":79},[65,131039,488],{"class":487},[65,131041,7250],{"class":491},[65,131043,488],{"class":487},[65,131045,157],{"class":79},[65,131047,131048,131050,131052,131054],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131049,164],{"class":163},[65,131051,151],{"class":79},[65,131053,34286],{"class":147},[65,131055,157],{"class":79},[20,131057,131058],{},[43,131059,350],{},[56,131061,131063],{"className":58,"code":131062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131064,131065],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131066,131067,131069,131071],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131068,34445],{"class":71},[65,131070,87],{"class":79},[65,131072,9416],{"class":79},[20,131074,130827],{},[56,131076,131078],{"className":58,"code":131077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131079,131080,131094,131116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131081,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131083,34265],{"class":71},[65,131085,76],{"class":75},[65,131087,499],{"class":487},[65,131089,44485],{"class":491},[65,131091,3358],{"class":83},[65,131093,2925],{"class":487},[65,131095,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131097,34265],{"class":71},[65,131099,76],{"class":75},[65,131101,42425],{"class":71},[65,131103,144],{"class":79},[65,131105,129504],{"class":147},[65,131107,151],{"class":79},[65,131109,488],{"class":487},[65,131111,7250],{"class":491},[65,131113,488],{"class":487},[65,131115,157],{"class":79},[65,131117,131118,131120,131122,131124],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131119,164],{"class":163},[65,131121,151],{"class":79},[65,131123,34286],{"class":147},[65,131125,157],{"class":79},[1286,131127,4272,131129,131131],{"id":131128},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131130,125784],{}," returns a new string",[20,131133,131134],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1286,131136,131138],{"id":131137},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131140,131141],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131143,131144,131145,131147],{},"Use simple ",[15,131146,3358],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131149,131150,131151,144],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[210,131152,89987],{"href":89986},[51,131154,67479],{"id":67478},[20,131156,131157],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[56,131159,131161],{"className":58,"code":131160,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131162,131163,131173,131187,131216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131164,131165,131167,131169,131171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131166,164],{"class":163},[65,131168,151],{"class":79},[65,131170,34286],{"class":147},[65,131172,157],{"class":79},[65,131174,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131176,164],{"class":163},[65,131178,151],{"class":79},[65,131180,1260],{"class":1259},[65,131182,151],{"class":79},[65,131184,2040],{"class":147},[65,131186,1028],{"class":79},[65,131188,131189,131191,131193,131195,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131190,164],{"class":163},[65,131192,151],{"class":79},[65,131194,488],{"class":487},[65,131196,131197],{"class":491},"Hello ",[65,131199,3358],{"class":83},[65,131201,488],{"class":487},[65,131203,144],{"class":79},[65,131205,129504],{"class":147},[65,131207,151],{"class":79},[65,131209,488],{"class":487},[65,131211,7250],{"class":491},[65,131213,488],{"class":487},[65,131215,1028],{"class":79},[65,131217,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131219,31728],{"class":163},[65,131221,151],{"class":79},[65,131223,3010],{"class":1259},[65,131225,144],{"class":79},[65,131227,129504],{"class":24325},[65,131229,157],{"class":79},[20,131231,131232],{},"Use them to check:",[33,131234,131235,131238,131241,131244],{},[36,131236,131237],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,131239,131240],{},"what type your value has",[36,131242,131243],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,131245,131246,131247],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131248,131249],{},"str.format",[51,131251,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,131253,129285,131255,12291],{"id":131254},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131256,125784],{},[20,131258,131259],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1286,131261,131263],{"id":131262},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131265,131266,131267,131269],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131268,3358],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1286,131271,131273,131274,1304],{"id":131272},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131275,125784],{},[20,131277,131278,131279,131282],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131280,131281],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1286,131284,14478,131286,131288],{"id":131285},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131287,125784],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131290,131291,131292,131294],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131293,125784],{}," is still useful and common.",[51,131296,1455],{"id":1454},[33,131298,131299,131303,131307,131313,131319],{},[36,131300,131301],{},[210,131302,124536],{"href":50560},[36,131304,131305],{},[210,131306,90264],{"href":89273},[36,131308,131309],{},[210,131310,3143,131311,3076],{"href":46033},[15,131312,46036],{},[36,131314,131315],{},[210,131316,3143,131317,3076],{"href":41758},[15,131318,47268],{},[36,131320,131321],{},[210,131322,89987],{"href":89986},[1499,131324,131325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":131327},[131328,131329,131331,131332,131333,131334,131335,131336,131338,131347,131348,131357],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":129571,"depth":101,"text":131330},"What the format() method does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":129852,"depth":101,"text":129853},{"id":130114,"depth":101,"text":130115},{"id":130345,"depth":101,"text":130346},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":130648,"depth":101,"text":131337},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":131339},[131340,131341,131342,131344,131346],{"id":130769,"depth":126,"text":130770},{"id":130886,"depth":126,"text":130887},{"id":130998,"depth":126,"text":131343},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131128,"depth":126,"text":131345},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131137,"depth":126,"text":131138},{"id":67478,"depth":101,"text":67479},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":131349},[131350,131352,131353,131355],{"id":131254,"depth":126,"text":131351},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131262,"depth":126,"text":131263},{"id":131272,"depth":126,"text":131354},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131285,"depth":126,"text":131356},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129431,"description":131358},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131365,"title":131366,"body":131367,"description":132847,"extension":1528,"meta":132848,"navigation":129,"path":132849,"seo":132850,"stem":132851,"__hash__":132852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131368,"toc":132819},[131369,131374,131379,131384,131386,131448,131455,131461,131466,131468,131484,131486,131557,131559,131573,131576,131626,131628,131630,131657,131660,131675,131678,131719,131722,131767,131774,131823,131825,131833,131835,131853,131855,131948,131956,131997,132002,132009,132015,132022,132025,132029,132130,132132,132154,132158,132211,132214,132217,132223,132230,132232,132271,132273,132291,132301,132308,132391,132394,132401,132408,132415,132419,132427,132473,132477,132486,132551,132556,132561,132572,132574,132579,132606,132608,132711,132714,132734,132736,132741,132744,132748,132752,132759,132768,132774,132777,132783,132785,132787,132816],[10,131370,122781,131372,18],{"id":131371},"python-string-index-method",[15,131373,58552],{},[20,131375,122786,131376,131378],{},[15,131377,58552],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131380,131381,131382,144],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131383,40286],{},[51,131385,1570],{"id":1569},[56,131387,131389],{"className":58,"code":131388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131390,131391,131403,131425,131435,131439,131443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131394,34265],{"class":71},[65,131396,76],{"class":75},[65,131398,499],{"class":487},[65,131400,59991],{"class":491},[65,131402,2925],{"class":487},[65,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131406,64504],{"class":71},[65,131408,76],{"class":75},[65,131410,42425],{"class":71},[65,131412,144],{"class":79},[65,131414,35425],{"class":147},[65,131416,151],{"class":79},[65,131418,488],{"class":487},[65,131420,60176],{"class":491},[65,131422,488],{"class":487},[65,131424,157],{"class":79},[65,131426,131427,131429,131431,131433],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131428,164],{"class":163},[65,131430,151],{"class":79},[65,131432,64531],{"class":147},[65,131434,157],{"class":79},[65,131436,131437],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131438,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,131440,131441],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,131442,90405],{"class":175},[65,131444,131445],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,131446,131447],{"class":175},"# 6\n",[20,131449,1660,131450,131452,131453,144],{},[15,131451,58552],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131454,40286],{},[51,131456,183,131458,186],{"id":131457},"what-strindex-does",[15,131459,131460],{},"str.index()",[20,131462,131463,131465],{},[15,131464,131460],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131467,12628],{},[33,131469,131470,131473,131476,131479],{},[36,131471,131472],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,131474,131475],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,131477,131478],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,131480,29868,131481,131483],{},[15,131482,40286],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131485,267],{},[56,131487,131489],{"className":58,"code":131488,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131490,131491,131503,131507,131532],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131492,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131494,34265],{"class":71},[65,131496,76],{"class":75},[65,131498,499],{"class":487},[65,131500,3657],{"class":491},[65,131502,2925],{"class":487},[65,131504,131505],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131506,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131510,164],{"class":163},[65,131512,151],{"class":79},[65,131514,34286],{"class":147},[65,131516,144],{"class":79},[65,131518,35425],{"class":147},[65,131520,151],{"class":79},[65,131522,488],{"class":487},[65,131524,210],{"class":491},[65,131526,488],{"class":487},[65,131528,758],{"class":79},[65,131530,131531],{"class":175},"     # 1\n",[65,131533,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131535,164],{"class":163},[65,131537,151],{"class":79},[65,131539,34286],{"class":147},[65,131541,144],{"class":79},[65,131543,35425],{"class":147},[65,131545,151],{"class":79},[65,131547,488],{"class":487},[65,131549,122874],{"class":491},[65,131551,488],{"class":487},[65,131553,758],{"class":79},[65,131555,131556],{"class":175},"    # 2\n",[20,131558,1747],{},[33,131560,131561,131567],{},[36,131562,131563,127994,131565],{},[15,131564,17671],{},[15,131566,84],{},[36,131568,131569,127994,131571],{},[15,131570,127993],{},[15,131572,1624],{},[20,131574,131575],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[56,131577,131579],{"className":58,"code":131578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131580,131581,131593,131597,131621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131582,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131584,34265],{"class":71},[65,131586,76],{"class":75},[65,131588,499],{"class":487},[65,131590,34445],{"class":491},[65,131592,2925],{"class":487},[65,131594,131595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131596,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,131598,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131600,164],{"class":163},[65,131602,151],{"class":79},[65,131604,34286],{"class":147},[65,131606,144],{"class":79},[65,131608,35425],{"class":147},[65,131610,151],{"class":79},[65,131612,488],{"class":487},[65,131614,50776],{"class":491},[65,131616,488],{"class":487},[65,131618,758],{"class":79},[65,131620,20343],{"class":175},[65,131622,131623],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131624,131625],{"class":175},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[51,131627,222],{"id":221},[20,131629,1728],{},[56,131631,131633],{"className":58,"code":131632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131634,131635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131636,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131638,60759],{"class":71},[65,131640,144],{"class":79},[65,131642,35425],{"class":147},[65,131644,151],{"class":79},[65,131646,2040],{"class":147},[65,131648,87],{"class":79},[65,131650,35631],{"class":147},[65,131652,87],{"class":79},[65,131654,64625],{"class":147},[65,131656,157],{"class":79},[20,131658,131659],{},"Parameters:",[33,131661,131662,131666,131670],{},[36,131663,131664,122973],{},[15,131665,2040],{},[36,131667,131668,128040],{},[15,131669,35652],{},[36,131671,131672,131674],{},[15,131673,52246],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131676,131677],{},"You can use just the value:",[56,131679,131681],{"className":58,"code":131680,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131682,131683,131695],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131684,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131686,34265],{"class":71},[65,131688,76],{"class":75},[65,131690,499],{"class":487},[65,131692,60],{"class":491},[65,131694,2925],{"class":487},[65,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131698,164],{"class":163},[65,131700,151],{"class":79},[65,131702,34286],{"class":147},[65,131704,144],{"class":79},[65,131706,35425],{"class":147},[65,131708,151],{"class":79},[65,131710,488],{"class":487},[65,131712,62871],{"class":491},[65,131714,488],{"class":487},[65,131716,758],{"class":79},[65,131718,51000],{"class":175},[20,131720,131721],{},"Or include a start position:",[56,131723,131725],{"className":58,"code":131724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131726,131727,131739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131728,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131730,34265],{"class":71},[65,131732,76],{"class":75},[65,131734,499],{"class":487},[65,131736,3657],{"class":491},[65,131738,2925],{"class":487},[65,131740,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131742,164],{"class":163},[65,131744,151],{"class":79},[65,131746,34286],{"class":147},[65,131748,144],{"class":79},[65,131750,35425],{"class":147},[65,131752,151],{"class":79},[65,131754,488],{"class":487},[65,131756,210],{"class":491},[65,131758,488],{"class":487},[65,131760,87],{"class":79},[65,131762,90],{"class":83},[65,131764,758],{"class":79},[65,131766,50355],{"class":175},[20,131768,131769,131770,634,131772,191],{},"Or include both ",[15,131771,35652],{},[15,131773,52246],{},[56,131775,131777],{"className":58,"code":131776,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131778,131779,131791],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131780,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131782,34265],{"class":71},[65,131784,76],{"class":75},[65,131786,499],{"class":487},[65,131788,3657],{"class":491},[65,131790,2925],{"class":487},[65,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131794,164],{"class":163},[65,131796,151],{"class":79},[65,131798,34286],{"class":147},[65,131800,144],{"class":79},[65,131802,35425],{"class":147},[65,131804,151],{"class":79},[65,131806,488],{"class":487},[65,131808,210],{"class":491},[65,131810,488],{"class":487},[65,131812,87],{"class":79},[65,131814,90],{"class":83},[65,131816,87],{"class":79},[65,131818,121],{"class":83},[65,131820,758],{"class":79},[65,131822,50355],{"class":175},[51,131824,37601],{"id":37600},[20,131826,28283,131827,131829,131830,144],{},[15,131828,58552],{}," is a ",[43,131831,131832],{},"zero-based index",[20,131834,1675],{},[33,131836,131837,131843,131848],{},[36,131838,131839,131840,131842],{},"Index ",[15,131841,1688],{}," is the first character",[36,131844,131839,131845,131847],{},[15,131846,84],{}," is the second character",[36,131849,131839,131850,131852],{},[15,131851,1624],{}," is the third character",[20,131854,267],{},[56,131856,131858],{"className":58,"code":131857,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131859,131860,131872,131876,131900,131924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131861,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131863,34265],{"class":71},[65,131865,76],{"class":75},[65,131867,499],{"class":487},[65,131869,36627],{"class":491},[65,131871,2925],{"class":487},[65,131873,131874],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131875,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,131877,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,131879,164],{"class":163},[65,131881,151],{"class":79},[65,131883,34286],{"class":147},[65,131885,144],{"class":79},[65,131887,35425],{"class":147},[65,131889,151],{"class":79},[65,131891,488],{"class":487},[65,131893,9317],{"class":491},[65,131895,488],{"class":487},[65,131897,758],{"class":79},[65,131899,50832],{"class":175},[65,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131903,164],{"class":163},[65,131905,151],{"class":79},[65,131907,34286],{"class":147},[65,131909,144],{"class":79},[65,131911,35425],{"class":147},[65,131913,151],{"class":79},[65,131915,488],{"class":487},[65,131917,210],{"class":491},[65,131919,488],{"class":487},[65,131921,758],{"class":79},[65,131923,27355],{"class":175},[65,131925,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,131927,164],{"class":163},[65,131929,151],{"class":79},[65,131931,34286],{"class":147},[65,131933,144],{"class":79},[65,131935,35425],{"class":147},[65,131937,151],{"class":79},[65,131939,488],{"class":487},[65,131941,62871],{"class":491},[65,131943,488],{"class":487},[65,131945,758],{"class":79},[65,131947,51000],{"class":175},[20,131949,131950,131952,131953,131955],{},[15,131951,58552],{}," returns only the ",[43,131954,29484],{}," matching position.",[56,131957,131959],{"className":58,"code":131958,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131960,131961,131973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131962,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131964,34265],{"class":71},[65,131966,76],{"class":75},[65,131968,499],{"class":487},[65,131970,3657],{"class":491},[65,131972,2925],{"class":487},[65,131974,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,131976,164],{"class":163},[65,131978,151],{"class":79},[65,131980,34286],{"class":147},[65,131982,144],{"class":79},[65,131984,35425],{"class":147},[65,131986,151],{"class":79},[65,131988,488],{"class":487},[65,131990,210],{"class":491},[65,131992,488],{"class":487},[65,131994,758],{"class":79},[65,131996,27355],{"class":175},[20,131998,20553,131999,132001],{},[15,132000,17671],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132003,132004,132005,144],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[210,132006,132007,1474],{"href":124231},[15,132008,58175],{},[51,132010,7994,132011,634,132013],{"id":64990},[15,132012,35652],{},[15,132014,52246],{},[20,132016,1545,132017,634,132019,132021],{},[15,132018,35652],{},[15,132020,52246],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132023,132024],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132026,45624,132027,191],{},[15,132028,35652],{},[56,132030,132032],{"className":58,"code":132031,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132033,132034,132046,132050,132074,132102],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132035,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132037,34265],{"class":71},[65,132039,76],{"class":75},[65,132041,499],{"class":487},[65,132043,3657],{"class":491},[65,132045,2925],{"class":487},[65,132047,132048],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132049,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,132051,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132053,164],{"class":163},[65,132055,151],{"class":79},[65,132057,34286],{"class":147},[65,132059,144],{"class":79},[65,132061,35425],{"class":147},[65,132063,151],{"class":79},[65,132065,488],{"class":487},[65,132067,210],{"class":491},[65,132069,488],{"class":487},[65,132071,758],{"class":79},[65,132073,50705],{"class":175},[65,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132077,164],{"class":163},[65,132079,151],{"class":79},[65,132081,34286],{"class":147},[65,132083,144],{"class":79},[65,132085,35425],{"class":147},[65,132087,151],{"class":79},[65,132089,488],{"class":487},[65,132091,210],{"class":491},[65,132093,488],{"class":487},[65,132095,87],{"class":79},[65,132097,90],{"class":83},[65,132099,758],{"class":79},[65,132101,50554],{"class":175},[65,132103,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,132105,164],{"class":163},[65,132107,151],{"class":79},[65,132109,34286],{"class":147},[65,132111,144],{"class":79},[65,132113,35425],{"class":147},[65,132115,151],{"class":79},[65,132117,488],{"class":487},[65,132119,210],{"class":491},[65,132121,488],{"class":487},[65,132123,87],{"class":79},[65,132125,116],{"class":83},[65,132127,758],{"class":79},[65,132129,50338],{"class":175},[20,132131,19532],{},[33,132133,132134,132141,132147],{},[36,132135,132136,132137,65180,132139],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132138,17671],{},[15,132140,84],{},[36,132142,132143,132144,132146],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132145,1624],{}," skips that first match",[36,132148,132143,132149,132151,132152],{},[15,132150,2072],{}," finds the last ",[15,132153,17671],{},[20,132155,45624,132156,191],{},[15,132157,52246],{},[56,132159,132161],{"className":58,"code":132160,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132162,132163,132175,132179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132164,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132166,34265],{"class":71},[65,132168,76],{"class":75},[65,132170,499],{"class":487},[65,132172,3657],{"class":491},[65,132174,2925],{"class":487},[65,132176,132177],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132178,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,132180,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132182,164],{"class":163},[65,132184,151],{"class":79},[65,132186,34286],{"class":147},[65,132188,144],{"class":79},[65,132190,35425],{"class":147},[65,132192,151],{"class":79},[65,132194,488],{"class":487},[65,132196,75614],{"class":491},[65,132198,488],{"class":487},[65,132200,87],{"class":79},[65,132202,3400],{"class":83},[65,132204,87],{"class":79},[65,132206,116],{"class":83},[65,132208,758],{"class":79},[65,132210,51000],{"class":175},[20,132212,132213],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132215,132216],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[51,132218,43797,132220,132222],{"id":132219},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132221,58552],{}," causes an error",[20,132224,132225,132226,52080,132228,144],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132227,58552],{},[15,132229,40286],{},[20,132231,267],{},[56,132233,132235],{"className":58,"code":132234,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132236,132237,132249],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132238,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132240,34265],{"class":71},[65,132242,76],{"class":75},[65,132244,499],{"class":487},[65,132246,3412],{"class":491},[65,132248,2925],{"class":487},[65,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132252,164],{"class":163},[65,132254,151],{"class":79},[65,132256,34286],{"class":147},[65,132258,144],{"class":79},[65,132260,35425],{"class":147},[65,132262,151],{"class":79},[65,132264,488],{"class":487},[65,132266,21652],{"class":491},[65,132268,488],{"class":487},[65,132270,1028],{"class":79},[20,132272,350],{},[56,132274,132276],{"className":58,"code":132275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132277,132278],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132279,132280,132282,132284,132287,132289],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132281,40286],{"class":1259},[65,132283,191],{"class":79},[65,132285,132286],{"class":71}," substring ",[65,132288,45],{"class":75},[65,132290,65413],{"class":71},[20,132292,52927,132293,125747,132298,132300],{},[210,132294,132295],{"href":129425},[15,132296,132297],{},"str.find()",[15,132299,65438],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132302,132303,132304,634,132306,191],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132305,29379],{},[15,132307,29410],{},[56,132309,132311],{"className":58,"code":132310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132312,132313,132325,132329,132335,132358,132368,132376],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132314,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132316,34265],{"class":71},[65,132318,76],{"class":75},[65,132320,499],{"class":487},[65,132322,3412],{"class":491},[65,132324,2925],{"class":487},[65,132326,132327],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132328,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,132330,132331,132333],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132332,29379],{"class":3444},[65,132334,5963],{"class":79},[65,132336,132337,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132338,132339],{"class":71},"    position ",[65,132341,76],{"class":75},[65,132343,42425],{"class":71},[65,132345,144],{"class":79},[65,132347,35425],{"class":147},[65,132349,151],{"class":79},[65,132351,488],{"class":487},[65,132353,21652],{"class":491},[65,132355,488],{"class":487},[65,132357,157],{"class":79},[65,132359,132360,132362,132364,132366],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,132361,7644],{"class":163},[65,132363,151],{"class":79},[65,132365,64531],{"class":147},[65,132367,157],{"class":79},[65,132369,132370,132372,132374],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,132371,29410],{"class":3444},[65,132373,41509],{"class":1259},[65,132375,5963],{"class":79},[65,132377,132378,132380,132382,132384,132387,132389],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,132379,7644],{"class":163},[65,132381,151],{"class":79},[65,132383,488],{"class":487},[65,132385,132386],{"class":491},"Substring not found",[65,132388,488],{"class":487},[65,132390,157],{"class":79},[20,132392,132393],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132395,41529,132396,144],{},[210,132397,25255,132399],{"href":132398},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132400,128752],{},[51,132402,132404,657,132406],{"id":132403},"index-vs-find",[15,132405,58552],{},[15,132407,123776],{},[20,132409,132410,634,132412,132414],{},[15,132411,58552],{},[15,132413,123776],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1286,132416,132417],{"id":35425},[15,132418,58552],{},[33,132420,132421,132424],{},[36,132422,132423],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,132425,132426],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[56,132428,132430],{"className":58,"code":132429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132431,132432,132444,132468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132435,34265],{"class":71},[65,132437,76],{"class":75},[65,132439,499],{"class":487},[65,132441,3412],{"class":491},[65,132443,2925],{"class":487},[65,132445,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132447,164],{"class":163},[65,132449,151],{"class":79},[65,132451,34286],{"class":147},[65,132453,144],{"class":79},[65,132455,35425],{"class":147},[65,132457,151],{"class":79},[65,132459,488],{"class":487},[65,132461,60032],{"class":491},[65,132463,488],{"class":487},[65,132465,758],{"class":79},[65,132467,27355],{"class":175},[65,132469,132470],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132471,132472],{"class":175},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1286,132474,132475],{"id":127806},[15,132476,123776],{},[33,132478,132479,132481],{},[36,132480,132423],{},[36,132482,10999,132483,132485],{},[15,132484,65438],{}," if nothing is found",[56,132487,132489],{"className":58,"code":132488,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132490,132491,132503,132527],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132492,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132494,34265],{"class":71},[65,132496,76],{"class":75},[65,132498,499],{"class":487},[65,132500,3412],{"class":491},[65,132502,2925],{"class":487},[65,132504,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132506,164],{"class":163},[65,132508,151],{"class":79},[65,132510,34286],{"class":147},[65,132512,144],{"class":79},[65,132514,127806],{"class":147},[65,132516,151],{"class":79},[65,132518,488],{"class":487},[65,132520,60032],{"class":491},[65,132522,488],{"class":487},[65,132524,758],{"class":79},[65,132526,27355],{"class":175},[65,132528,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132530,164],{"class":163},[65,132532,151],{"class":79},[65,132534,34286],{"class":147},[65,132536,144],{"class":79},[65,132538,127806],{"class":147},[65,132540,151],{"class":79},[65,132542,488],{"class":487},[65,132544,21652],{"class":491},[65,132546,488],{"class":487},[65,132548,758],{"class":79},[65,132550,128162],{"class":175},[20,132552,1660,132553,132555],{},[15,132554,58552],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132557,1660,132558,132560],{},[15,132559,123776],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132562,132563,132564,214,132569,144],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[210,132565,132566,132568],{"href":129425},[15,132567,132297],{}," method reference",[210,132570,126817],{"href":132571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[51,132573,2396],{"id":2395},[20,132575,132576,132577,191],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132578,58552],{},[33,132580,132581,132584,132591,132596,132601],{},[36,132582,132583],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,132585,8030,132586,8033,132588,132590],{},[15,132587,58552],{},[15,132589,65438],{}," when no match exists",[36,132592,7994,132593,132595],{},[15,132594,58552],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,132597,132598,132599],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132600,84],{},[36,132602,4148,132603,132605],{},[15,132604,58552],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132607,1193],{},[56,132609,132611],{"className":58,"code":132610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132612,132613,132623,132637,132659,132681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132614,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132616,164],{"class":163},[65,132618,151],{"class":79},[65,132620,34286],{"class":147},[65,132622,157],{"class":79},[65,132624,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132626,164],{"class":163},[65,132628,151],{"class":79},[65,132630,41362],{"class":163},[65,132632,151],{"class":79},[65,132634,34286],{"class":147},[65,132636,1028],{"class":79},[65,132638,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132640,164],{"class":163},[65,132642,151],{"class":79},[65,132644,34286],{"class":147},[65,132646,144],{"class":79},[65,132648,35425],{"class":147},[65,132650,151],{"class":79},[65,132652,488],{"class":487},[65,132654,2040],{"class":491},[65,132656,488],{"class":487},[65,132658,1028],{"class":79},[65,132660,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132662,164],{"class":163},[65,132664,151],{"class":79},[65,132666,34286],{"class":147},[65,132668,144],{"class":79},[65,132670,127806],{"class":147},[65,132672,151],{"class":79},[65,132674,488],{"class":487},[65,132676,2040],{"class":491},[65,132678,488],{"class":487},[65,132680,1028],{"class":79},[65,132682,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,132684,164],{"class":163},[65,132686,151],{"class":79},[65,132688,34286],{"class":147},[65,132690,144],{"class":79},[65,132692,35425],{"class":147},[65,132694,151],{"class":79},[65,132696,488],{"class":487},[65,132698,2040],{"class":491},[65,132700,488],{"class":487},[65,132702,87],{"class":79},[65,132704,35631],{"class":147},[65,132706,87],{"class":79},[65,132708,64625],{"class":147},[65,132710,1028],{"class":79},[20,132712,132713],{},"Tips:",[33,132715,132716,132721,132726,132729],{},[36,132717,1660,132718,132720],{},[15,132719,125703],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,132722,1660,132723,132725],{},[15,132724,123776],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,132727,132728],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,132730,132731,132732],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132733,1688],{},[51,132735,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,132737,129285,132739,12291],{"id":132738},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132740,58552],{},[20,132742,132743],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1286,132745,132747],{"id":132746},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132749,76442,132750,144],{},[15,132751,40286],{},[1286,132753,1299,132755,634,132757,1304],{"id":132754},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132756,58552],{},[15,132758,123776],{},[20,132760,132761,132763,132764,1965,132766,6202],{},[15,132762,58552],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132765,123776],{},[15,132767,65438],{},[1286,132769,4739,132771,132773],{"id":132770},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132772,58552],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132775,132776],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1286,132778,132780,132781,124117],{"id":132779},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132782,58552],{},[20,132784,129310],{},[51,132786,1455],{"id":1454},[33,132788,132789,132795,132799,132804,132810],{},[36,132790,132791],{},[210,132792,132793,1474],{"href":129425},[15,132794,132297],{},[36,132796,132797],{},[210,132798,124180],{"href":132571},[36,132800,132801],{},[210,132802,129386],{"href":132803},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,132805,132806],{},[210,132807,132808,1474],{"href":124231},[15,132809,58175],{},[36,132811,132812],{},[210,132813,29922,132814],{"href":132398},[15,132815,128752],{},[1499,132817,132818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":132820},[132821,132822,132824,132825,132826,132827,132829,132834,132835,132846],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":131457,"depth":101,"text":132823},"What str.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601},{"id":64990,"depth":101,"text":65773},{"id":132219,"depth":101,"text":132828},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132403,"depth":101,"text":132830,"children":132831},"index() vs find()",[132832,132833],{"id":35425,"depth":126,"text":58552},{"id":127806,"depth":126,"text":123776},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":132836},[132837,132839,132840,132842,132844],{"id":132738,"depth":126,"text":132838},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132746,"depth":126,"text":132747},{"id":132754,"depth":126,"text":132841},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132770,"depth":126,"text":132843},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132779,"depth":126,"text":132845},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131366,"description":132847},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132854,"title":132855,"body":132856,"description":135631,"extension":1528,"meta":135632,"navigation":129,"path":135633,"seo":135634,"stem":135635,"__hash__":135636},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132857,"toc":135567},[132858,132864,132869,132872,132875,132886,132888,132957,132959,132973,132978,132983,132988,132990,133033,133035,133118,133120,133166,133172,133174,133176,133196,133198,133221,133223,133297,133299,133318,133323,133325,133329,133401,133403,133417,133421,133497,133499,133518,133522,133616,133618,133627,133634,133710,133712,133730,133734,133737,133744,133793,133795,133804,133811,133870,133872,133890,133893,133900,133959,133961,133979,133986,134043,134045,134054,134058,134063,134067,134126,134128,134146,134150,134197,134202,134205,134274,134276,134293,134300,134306,134361,134366,134369,134446,134448,134466,134472,134478,134538,134540,134559,134565,134568,134575,134628,134633,134635,134696,134705,134712,134714,134771,134776,134778,134849,134853,134908,134910,134919,134924,134930,134999,135001,135033,135039,135047,135054,135060,135125,135127,135136,135142,135223,135225,135234,135239,135253,135260,135264,135269,135297,135299,135432,135435,135472,135474,135480,135489,135494,135497,135502,135507,135513,135516,135525,135528,135530,135559,135564],[10,132859,122781,132861,18],{"id":132860},"python-string-join-method",[15,132862,132863],{},"join()",[20,132865,122786,132866,132868],{},[15,132867,132863],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132870,132871],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132873,132874],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,132876,132877,132883],{},[36,132878,132879,132880,132882],{},"You call ",[15,132881,132863],{}," on the separator string",[36,132884,132885],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[51,132887,54],{"id":53},[56,132889,132891],{"className":58,"code":132890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132892,132893,132926,132947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132894,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132922,132924],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132896,3639],{"class":71},[65,132898,76],{"class":75},[65,132900,1339],{"class":79},[65,132902,488],{"class":487},[65,132904,6869],{"class":491},[65,132906,488],{"class":487},[65,132908,87],{"class":79},[65,132910,499],{"class":487},[65,132912,11769],{"class":491},[65,132914,488],{"class":487},[65,132916,87],{"class":79},[65,132918,499],{"class":487},[65,132920,132921],{"class":491},"fun",[65,132923,488],{"class":487},[65,132925,1352],{"class":79},[65,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132941,132943,132945],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,132929,136],{"class":71},[65,132931,76],{"class":75},[65,132933,499],{"class":487},[65,132935,499],{"class":487},[65,132937,144],{"class":79},[65,132939,132940],{"class":147},"join",[65,132942,151],{"class":79},[65,132944,3683],{"class":147},[65,132946,157],{"class":79},[65,132948,132949,132951,132953,132955],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,132950,164],{"class":163},[65,132952,151],{"class":79},[65,132954,169],{"class":147},[65,132956,157],{"class":79},[20,132958,350],{},[56,132960,132962],{"className":58,"code":132961,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python is fun\n",[15,132963,132964],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132965,132966,132968,132970],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132967,3143],{"class":71},[65,132969,11769],{"class":75},[65,132971,132972],{"class":71}," fun\n",[20,132974,1660,132975,132977],{},[15,132976,132863],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[51,132979,183,132981,186],{"id":132980},"what-join-does",[15,132982,132863],{},[20,132984,132985,132987],{},[15,132986,132863],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132989,11034],{},[33,132991,132992,132999,133027,133030],{},[36,132993,132994,132995,132998],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132996,132997],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,133000,133001,133002],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,133003,133004,133010,133016,133022],{},[36,133005,133006,133009],{},[15,133007,133008],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,133011,133012,133015],{},[15,133013,133014],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,133017,133018,133021],{},[15,133019,133020],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,133023,133024,133026],{},[15,133025,5842],{}," for no separator",[36,133028,133029],{},"It returns a new string",[36,133031,133032],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133034,267],{},[56,133036,133038],{"className":58,"code":133037,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133039,133040,133072,133094,133098,133108],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133041,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133043,3639],{"class":71},[65,133045,76],{"class":75},[65,133047,1339],{"class":79},[65,133049,488],{"class":487},[65,133051,492],{"class":491},[65,133053,488],{"class":487},[65,133055,87],{"class":79},[65,133057,499],{"class":487},[65,133059,511],{"class":491},[65,133061,488],{"class":487},[65,133063,87],{"class":79},[65,133065,499],{"class":487},[65,133067,502],{"class":491},[65,133069,488],{"class":487},[65,133071,1352],{"class":79},[65,133073,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133075,136],{"class":71},[65,133077,76],{"class":75},[65,133079,499],{"class":487},[65,133081,1491],{"class":491},[65,133083,488],{"class":487},[65,133085,144],{"class":79},[65,133087,132940],{"class":147},[65,133089,151],{"class":79},[65,133091,3683],{"class":147},[65,133093,157],{"class":79},[65,133095,133096],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133097,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133099,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133101,164],{"class":163},[65,133103,151],{"class":79},[65,133105,169],{"class":147},[65,133107,157],{"class":79},[65,133109,133110,133112,133114,133116],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,133111,164],{"class":163},[65,133113,151],{"class":79},[65,133115,3683],{"class":147},[65,133117,157],{"class":79},[20,133119,350],{},[56,133121,133123],{"className":58,"code":133122,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133124,133125,133138],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133126,133127,133129,133131,133134,133136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133128,492],{"class":71},[65,133130,87],{"class":79},[65,133132,133133],{"class":71}," green",[65,133135,87],{"class":79},[65,133137,35460],{"class":71},[65,133139,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133141,3469],{"class":79},[65,133143,594],{"class":487},[65,133145,492],{"class":491},[65,133147,594],{"class":487},[65,133149,87],{"class":79},[65,133151,603],{"class":487},[65,133153,511],{"class":491},[65,133155,594],{"class":487},[65,133157,87],{"class":79},[65,133159,603],{"class":487},[65,133161,502],{"class":491},[65,133163,594],{"class":487},[65,133165,1352],{"class":79},[20,133167,133168,133169,133171],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133170,132863],{}," creates a new string.",[51,133173,222],{"id":221},[20,133175,6790],{},[56,133177,133179],{"className":58,"code":133178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133180,133181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133182,133183,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133184,133185],{"class":71},"separator",[65,133187,144],{"class":79},[65,133189,132940],{"class":147},[65,133191,151],{"class":79},[65,133193,3286],{"class":147},[65,133195,157],{"class":79},[1286,133197,48595],{"id":48594},[33,133199,133200,133213,133218],{},[36,133201,133202,133204,133205,1491,133207,1491,133209,1761,133211],{},[15,133203,133185],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133206,133008],{},[15,133208,133014],{},[15,133210,133020],{},[15,133212,5842],{},[36,133214,133215,133217],{},[15,133216,3286],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,133219,133220],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133222,267],{},[56,133224,133226],{"className":58,"code":133225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133227,133228,133260,133283,133287],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133229,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133231,4563],{"class":71},[65,133233,76],{"class":75},[65,133235,1339],{"class":79},[65,133237,488],{"class":487},[65,133239,12456],{"class":491},[65,133241,488],{"class":487},[65,133243,87],{"class":79},[65,133245,499],{"class":487},[65,133247,35520],{"class":491},[65,133249,488],{"class":487},[65,133251,87],{"class":79},[65,133253,499],{"class":487},[65,133255,35529],{"class":491},[65,133257,488],{"class":487},[65,133259,1352],{"class":79},[65,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133263,136],{"class":71},[65,133265,76],{"class":75},[65,133267,499],{"class":487},[65,133269,133270],{"class":491}," | ",[65,133272,488],{"class":487},[65,133274,144],{"class":79},[65,133276,132940],{"class":147},[65,133278,151],{"class":79},[65,133280,4607],{"class":147},[65,133282,157],{"class":79},[65,133284,133285],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133286,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133288,133289,133291,133293,133295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133290,164],{"class":163},[65,133292,151],{"class":79},[65,133294,169],{"class":147},[65,133296,157],{"class":79},[20,133298,350],{},[56,133300,133302],{"className":58,"code":133301,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133303,133304],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133305,133306,133309,133311,133314,133316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133307,133308],{"class":71},"Ana ",[65,133310,113288],{"class":75},[65,133312,133313],{"class":71}," Ben ",[65,133315,113288],{"class":75},[65,133317,35601],{"class":71},[20,133319,133320,133321,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[210,133322,124536],{"href":50560},[51,133324,121312],{"id":121311},[1286,133326,133328],{"id":133327},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[56,133330,133332],{"className":58,"code":133331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133333,133334,133367,133387,133391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133335,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133363,133365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133337,3639],{"class":71},[65,133339,76],{"class":75},[65,133341,1339],{"class":79},[65,133343,488],{"class":487},[65,133345,6869],{"class":491},[65,133347,488],{"class":487},[65,133349,87],{"class":79},[65,133351,499],{"class":487},[65,133353,11769],{"class":491},[65,133355,488],{"class":487},[65,133357,87],{"class":79},[65,133359,499],{"class":487},[65,133361,133362],{"class":491},"easy",[65,133364,488],{"class":487},[65,133366,1352],{"class":79},[65,133368,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133370,136],{"class":71},[65,133372,76],{"class":75},[65,133374,499],{"class":487},[65,133376,499],{"class":487},[65,133378,144],{"class":79},[65,133380,132940],{"class":147},[65,133382,151],{"class":79},[65,133384,3683],{"class":147},[65,133386,157],{"class":79},[65,133388,133389],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133390,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133392,133393,133395,133397,133399],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133394,164],{"class":163},[65,133396,151],{"class":79},[65,133398,169],{"class":147},[65,133400,157],{"class":79},[20,133402,350],{},[56,133404,133406],{"className":58,"code":133405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python is easy\n",[15,133407,133408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133409,133410,133412,133414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133411,3143],{"class":71},[65,133413,11769],{"class":75},[65,133415,133416],{"class":71}," easy\n",[1286,133418,133420],{"id":133419},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[56,133422,133424],{"className":58,"code":133423,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133425,133426,133461,133483,133487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133427,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133439,133441,133443,133445,133448,133450,133452,133454,133457,133459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133429,7353],{"class":71},[65,133431,76],{"class":75},[65,133433,1339],{"class":79},[65,133435,488],{"class":487},[65,133437,133438],{"class":491},"apples",[65,133440,488],{"class":487},[65,133442,87],{"class":79},[65,133444,499],{"class":487},[65,133446,133447],{"class":491},"bananas",[65,133449,488],{"class":487},[65,133451,87],{"class":79},[65,133453,499],{"class":487},[65,133455,133456],{"class":491},"oranges",[65,133458,488],{"class":487},[65,133460,1352],{"class":79},[65,133462,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133464,136],{"class":71},[65,133466,76],{"class":75},[65,133468,499],{"class":487},[65,133470,1491],{"class":491},[65,133472,488],{"class":487},[65,133474,144],{"class":79},[65,133476,132940],{"class":147},[65,133478,151],{"class":79},[65,133480,7384],{"class":147},[65,133482,157],{"class":79},[65,133484,133485],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133486,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133488,133489,133491,133493,133495],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133490,164],{"class":163},[65,133492,151],{"class":79},[65,133494,169],{"class":147},[65,133496,157],{"class":79},[20,133498,350],{},[56,133500,133502],{"className":58,"code":133501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133503,133504],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133505,133506,133508,133510,133513,133515],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133507,133438],{"class":71},[65,133509,87],{"class":79},[65,133511,133512],{"class":71}," bananas",[65,133514,87],{"class":79},[65,133516,133517],{"class":71}," oranges\n",[1286,133519,133521],{"id":133520},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[56,133523,133525],{"className":58,"code":133524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133526,133527,133584,133602,133606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133528,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133530,35670],{"class":71},[65,133532,76],{"class":75},[65,133534,1339],{"class":79},[65,133536,488],{"class":487},[65,133538,133539],{"class":491},"P",[65,133541,488],{"class":487},[65,133543,87],{"class":79},[65,133545,499],{"class":487},[65,133547,11320],{"class":491},[65,133549,488],{"class":487},[65,133551,87],{"class":79},[65,133553,499],{"class":487},[65,133555,62871],{"class":491},[65,133557,488],{"class":487},[65,133559,87],{"class":79},[65,133561,499],{"class":487},[65,133563,60023],{"class":491},[65,133565,488],{"class":487},[65,133567,87],{"class":79},[65,133569,499],{"class":487},[65,133571,60058],{"class":491},[65,133573,488],{"class":487},[65,133575,87],{"class":79},[65,133577,499],{"class":487},[65,133579,75614],{"class":491},[65,133581,488],{"class":487},[65,133583,1352],{"class":79},[65,133585,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133587,136],{"class":71},[65,133589,76],{"class":75},[65,133591,5696],{"class":487},[65,133593,144],{"class":79},[65,133595,132940],{"class":147},[65,133597,151],{"class":79},[65,133599,35723],{"class":147},[65,133601,157],{"class":79},[65,133603,133604],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133605,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133609,164],{"class":163},[65,133611,151],{"class":79},[65,133613,169],{"class":147},[65,133615,157],{"class":79},[20,133617,350],{},[56,133619,133621],{"className":58,"code":133620,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python\n",[15,133622,133623],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133624,133625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133626,133620],{"class":71},[1286,133628,133630,133631,133633],{"id":133629},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133632,132863],{}," returns the result",[56,133635,133637],{"className":58,"code":133636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133638,133639,133672,133695,133699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133640,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133668,133670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133642,3639],{"class":71},[65,133644,76],{"class":75},[65,133646,1339],{"class":79},[65,133648,488],{"class":487},[65,133650,6156],{"class":491},[65,133652,488],{"class":487},[65,133654,87],{"class":79},[65,133656,499],{"class":487},[65,133658,78855],{"class":491},[65,133660,488],{"class":487},[65,133662,87],{"class":79},[65,133664,499],{"class":487},[65,133666,133667],{"class":491},"three",[65,133669,488],{"class":487},[65,133671,1352],{"class":79},[65,133673,133674,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133675,133676],{"class":71},"joined_text ",[65,133678,76],{"class":75},[65,133680,499],{"class":487},[65,133682,1589],{"class":491},[65,133684,488],{"class":487},[65,133686,144],{"class":79},[65,133688,132940],{"class":147},[65,133690,151],{"class":79},[65,133692,3683],{"class":147},[65,133694,157],{"class":79},[65,133696,133697],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,133698,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,133700,133701,133703,133705,133708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133702,164],{"class":163},[65,133704,151],{"class":79},[65,133706,133707],{"class":147},"joined_text",[65,133709,157],{"class":79},[20,133711,350],{},[56,133713,133715],{"className":58,"code":133714,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"one-two-three\n",[15,133716,133717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133718,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133720,6156],{"class":71},[65,133722,1589],{"class":75},[65,133724,78855],{"class":71},[65,133726,1589],{"class":75},[65,133728,133729],{"class":71},"three\n",[51,133731,133733],{"id":133732},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133735,133736],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1286,133738,133740,133743],{"id":133739},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133741,133742],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[56,133745,133747],{"className":58,"code":133746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133748,133749,133773],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133750,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133752,3639],{"class":71},[65,133754,76],{"class":75},[65,133756,1339],{"class":79},[65,133758,488],{"class":487},[65,133760,3412],{"class":491},[65,133762,488],{"class":487},[65,133764,87],{"class":79},[65,133766,499],{"class":487},[65,133768,60176],{"class":491},[65,133770,488],{"class":487},[65,133772,1352],{"class":79},[65,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133776,164],{"class":163},[65,133778,151],{"class":79},[65,133780,488],{"class":487},[65,133782,499],{"class":487},[65,133784,144],{"class":79},[65,133786,132940],{"class":147},[65,133788,151],{"class":79},[65,133790,3683],{"class":147},[65,133792,1028],{"class":79},[20,133794,350],{},[56,133796,133798],{"className":58,"code":133797,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\n",[15,133799,133800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133801,133802],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133803,133797],{"class":71},[1286,133805,133807,133810],{"id":133806},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133808,133809],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[56,133812,133814],{"className":58,"code":133813,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133815,133816,133848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133817,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133819,12652],{"class":71},[65,133821,76],{"class":75},[65,133823,1339],{"class":79},[65,133825,488],{"class":487},[65,133827,492],{"class":491},[65,133829,488],{"class":487},[65,133831,87],{"class":79},[65,133833,499],{"class":487},[65,133835,502],{"class":491},[65,133837,488],{"class":487},[65,133839,87],{"class":79},[65,133841,499],{"class":487},[65,133843,511],{"class":491},[65,133845,488],{"class":487},[65,133847,1352],{"class":79},[65,133849,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133851,164],{"class":163},[65,133853,151],{"class":79},[65,133855,488],{"class":487},[65,133857,1491],{"class":491},[65,133859,488],{"class":487},[65,133861,144],{"class":79},[65,133863,132940],{"class":147},[65,133865,151],{"class":79},[65,133867,17077],{"class":147},[65,133869,1028],{"class":79},[20,133871,350],{},[56,133873,133875],{"className":58,"code":133874,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133876,133877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133878,133879,133881,133883,133886,133888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133880,492],{"class":71},[65,133882,87],{"class":79},[65,133884,133885],{"class":71}," blue",[65,133887,87],{"class":79},[65,133889,35453],{"class":71},[20,133891,133892],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1286,133894,133896,133899],{"id":133895},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133897,133898],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[56,133901,133903],{"className":58,"code":133902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133904,133905,133937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133906,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133908,42420],{"class":71},[65,133910,76],{"class":75},[65,133912,1339],{"class":79},[65,133914,488],{"class":487},[65,133916,60],{"class":491},[65,133918,488],{"class":487},[65,133920,87],{"class":79},[65,133922,499],{"class":487},[65,133924,60759],{"class":491},[65,133926,488],{"class":487},[65,133928,87],{"class":79},[65,133930,499],{"class":487},[65,133932,132940],{"class":491},[65,133934,488],{"class":487},[65,133936,1352],{"class":79},[65,133938,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,133940,164],{"class":163},[65,133942,151],{"class":79},[65,133944,488],{"class":487},[65,133946,1589],{"class":491},[65,133948,488],{"class":487},[65,133950,144],{"class":79},[65,133952,132940],{"class":147},[65,133954,151],{"class":79},[65,133956,42452],{"class":147},[65,133958,1028],{"class":79},[20,133960,350],{},[56,133962,133964],{"className":58,"code":133963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"python-string-join\n",[15,133965,133966],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133967,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133969,60],{"class":71},[65,133971,1589],{"class":75},[65,133973,60759],{"class":71},[65,133975,1589],{"class":75},[65,133977,133978],{"class":71},"join\n",[1286,133980,133982,133985],{"id":133981},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133983,133984],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[56,133987,133989],{"className":58,"code":133988,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133990,133991,134024],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134020,134022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133994,112360],{"class":71},[65,133996,76],{"class":75},[65,133998,1339],{"class":79},[65,134000,488],{"class":487},[65,134002,21820],{"class":491},[65,134004,488],{"class":487},[65,134006,87],{"class":79},[65,134008,499],{"class":487},[65,134010,30175],{"class":491},[65,134012,488],{"class":487},[65,134014,87],{"class":79},[65,134016,499],{"class":487},[65,134018,134019],{"class":491},"C",[65,134021,488],{"class":487},[65,134023,1352],{"class":79},[65,134025,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134041],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134027,164],{"class":163},[65,134029,151],{"class":79},[65,134031,5842],{"class":487},[65,134033,144],{"class":79},[65,134035,132940],{"class":147},[65,134037,151],{"class":79},[65,134039,134040],{"class":147},"chars",[65,134042,1028],{"class":79},[20,134044,350],{},[56,134046,134048],{"className":58,"code":134047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ABC\n",[15,134049,134050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134051,134052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134053,134047],{"class":34030},[51,134055,134057],{"id":134056},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134059,134060,134062],{},[15,134061,132863],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1286,134064,134066],{"id":134065},"this-works","This works",[56,134068,134070],{"className":58,"code":134069,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134071,134072,134104],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134073,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134075,3389],{"class":71},[65,134077,76],{"class":75},[65,134079,1339],{"class":79},[65,134081,488],{"class":487},[65,134083,1898],{"class":491},[65,134085,488],{"class":487},[65,134087,87],{"class":79},[65,134089,499],{"class":487},[65,134091,15329],{"class":491},[65,134093,488],{"class":487},[65,134095,87],{"class":79},[65,134097,499],{"class":487},[65,134099,36421],{"class":491},[65,134101,488],{"class":487},[65,134103,1352],{"class":79},[65,134105,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134107,164],{"class":163},[65,134109,151],{"class":79},[65,134111,488],{"class":487},[65,134113,1491],{"class":491},[65,134115,488],{"class":487},[65,134117,144],{"class":79},[65,134119,132940],{"class":147},[65,134121,151],{"class":79},[65,134123,4928],{"class":147},[65,134125,1028],{"class":79},[20,134127,350],{},[56,134129,134131],{"className":58,"code":134130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134132,134133],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134134,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134136,1898],{"class":83},[65,134138,87],{"class":79},[65,134140,7364],{"class":83},[65,134142,87],{"class":79},[65,134144,134145],{"class":83}," 30\n",[1286,134147,134149],{"id":134148},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[56,134151,134153],{"className":58,"code":134152,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134154,134155,134175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134156,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134158,3389],{"class":71},[65,134160,76],{"class":75},[65,134162,1339],{"class":79},[65,134164,84],{"class":83},[65,134166,87],{"class":79},[65,134168,90],{"class":83},[65,134170,87],{"class":79},[65,134172,95],{"class":83},[65,134174,1352],{"class":79},[65,134176,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134178,164],{"class":163},[65,134180,151],{"class":79},[65,134182,488],{"class":487},[65,134184,1491],{"class":491},[65,134186,488],{"class":487},[65,134188,144],{"class":79},[65,134190,132940],{"class":147},[65,134192,151],{"class":79},[65,134194,4928],{"class":147},[65,134196,1028],{"class":79},[20,134198,89892,134199,134201],{},[15,134200,2571],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134203,134204],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[56,134206,134208],{"className":58,"code":134207,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134209,134210,134230,134260,134264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134211,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134213,3389],{"class":71},[65,134215,76],{"class":75},[65,134217,1339],{"class":79},[65,134219,84],{"class":83},[65,134221,87],{"class":79},[65,134223,90],{"class":83},[65,134225,87],{"class":79},[65,134227,95],{"class":83},[65,134229,1352],{"class":79},[65,134231,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134233,136],{"class":71},[65,134235,76],{"class":75},[65,134237,499],{"class":487},[65,134239,1491],{"class":491},[65,134241,488],{"class":487},[65,134243,144],{"class":79},[65,134245,132940],{"class":147},[65,134247,151],{"class":79},[65,134249,39441],{"class":163},[65,134251,151],{"class":79},[65,134253,3010],{"class":1259},[65,134255,87],{"class":79},[65,134257,3454],{"class":147},[65,134259,1028],{"class":79},[65,134261,134262],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,134263,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,134265,134266,134268,134270,134272],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134267,164],{"class":163},[65,134269,151],{"class":79},[65,134271,169],{"class":147},[65,134273,157],{"class":79},[20,134275,350],{},[56,134277,134279],{"className":58,"code":134278,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134280,134281],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134284,84],{"class":83},[65,134286,87],{"class":79},[65,134288,90],{"class":83},[65,134290,87],{"class":79},[65,134292,2144],{"class":83},[20,134294,134295,134296,144],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[210,134297,3143,134298,3076],{"href":41758},[15,134299,47268],{},[1286,134301,134303,134305],{"id":134302},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134304,3344],{}," values do not work directly",[56,134307,134309],{"className":58,"code":134308,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134310,134311,134339],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134312,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134314,3389],{"class":71},[65,134316,76],{"class":75},[65,134318,1339],{"class":79},[65,134320,488],{"class":487},[65,134322,3648],{"class":491},[65,134324,488],{"class":487},[65,134326,87],{"class":79},[65,134328,3420],{"class":3419},[65,134330,87],{"class":79},[65,134332,499],{"class":487},[65,134334,3657],{"class":491},[65,134336,488],{"class":487},[65,134338,1352],{"class":79},[65,134340,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134342,164],{"class":163},[65,134344,151],{"class":79},[65,134346,488],{"class":487},[65,134348,1491],{"class":491},[65,134350,488],{"class":487},[65,134352,144],{"class":79},[65,134354,132940],{"class":147},[65,134356,151],{"class":79},[65,134358,4928],{"class":147},[65,134360,1028],{"class":79},[20,134362,134363,134364,144],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134365,2571],{},[20,134367,134368],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[56,134370,134372],{"className":58,"code":134371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134373,134374,134402,134432,134436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134375,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134377,3389],{"class":71},[65,134379,76],{"class":75},[65,134381,1339],{"class":79},[65,134383,488],{"class":487},[65,134385,3648],{"class":491},[65,134387,488],{"class":487},[65,134389,87],{"class":79},[65,134391,3420],{"class":3419},[65,134393,87],{"class":79},[65,134395,499],{"class":487},[65,134397,3657],{"class":491},[65,134399,488],{"class":487},[65,134401,1352],{"class":79},[65,134403,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134405,136],{"class":71},[65,134407,76],{"class":75},[65,134409,499],{"class":487},[65,134411,1491],{"class":491},[65,134413,488],{"class":487},[65,134415,144],{"class":79},[65,134417,132940],{"class":147},[65,134419,151],{"class":79},[65,134421,39441],{"class":163},[65,134423,151],{"class":79},[65,134425,3010],{"class":1259},[65,134427,87],{"class":79},[65,134429,3454],{"class":147},[65,134431,1028],{"class":79},[65,134433,134434],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,134435,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,134437,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134439,164],{"class":163},[65,134441,151],{"class":79},[65,134443,169],{"class":147},[65,134445,157],{"class":79},[20,134447,350],{},[56,134449,134451],{"className":58,"code":134450,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134452,134453],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134454,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134456,3648],{"class":71},[65,134458,87],{"class":79},[65,134460,3420],{"class":3419},[65,134462,87],{"class":79},[65,134464,134465],{"class":71}," banana\n",[20,134467,134468,134469,134471],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134470,3344],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1286,134473,134475,134477],{"id":134474},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134476,132863],{}," also works with tuples",[56,134479,134481],{"className":58,"code":134480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134482,134483,134515],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134484,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134486,4563],{"class":71},[65,134488,76],{"class":75},[65,134490,8815],{"class":79},[65,134492,488],{"class":487},[65,134494,7250],{"class":491},[65,134496,488],{"class":487},[65,134498,87],{"class":79},[65,134500,499],{"class":487},[65,134502,130869],{"class":491},[65,134504,488],{"class":487},[65,134506,87],{"class":79},[65,134508,499],{"class":487},[65,134510,7496],{"class":491},[65,134512,488],{"class":487},[65,134514,157],{"class":79},[65,134516,134517,134519,134521,134523,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134518,164],{"class":163},[65,134520,151],{"class":79},[65,134522,488],{"class":487},[65,134524,134525],{"class":491}," \u002F ",[65,134527,488],{"class":487},[65,134529,144],{"class":79},[65,134531,132940],{"class":147},[65,134533,151],{"class":79},[65,134535,4607],{"class":147},[65,134537,1028],{"class":79},[20,134539,350],{},[56,134541,134543],{"className":58,"code":134542,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134544,134545],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134546,134547,134550,134552,134555,134557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134548,134549],{"class":71},"Sam ",[65,134551,126673],{"class":75},[65,134553,134554],{"class":71}," Lee ",[65,134556,126673],{"class":75},[65,134558,21909],{"class":71},[51,134560,134562,134563],{"id":134561},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134564,132863],{},[20,134566,134567],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1286,134569,134571,134572,134574],{"id":134570},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134573,2571],{}," because not all items are strings",[56,134576,134578],{"className":58,"code":134577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134579,134580,134608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134583,7353],{"class":71},[65,134585,76],{"class":75},[65,134587,1339],{"class":79},[65,134589,488],{"class":487},[65,134591,210],{"class":491},[65,134593,488],{"class":487},[65,134595,87],{"class":79},[65,134597,90],{"class":83},[65,134599,87],{"class":79},[65,134601,499],{"class":487},[65,134603,9317],{"class":491},[65,134605,488],{"class":487},[65,134607,1352],{"class":79},[65,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134611,164],{"class":163},[65,134613,151],{"class":79},[65,134615,488],{"class":487},[65,134617,499],{"class":487},[65,134619,144],{"class":79},[65,134621,132940],{"class":147},[65,134623,151],{"class":79},[65,134625,7384],{"class":147},[65,134627,1028],{"class":79},[20,134629,48095,134630,134632],{},[15,134631,1624],{}," is an integer.",[20,134634,38843],{},[56,134636,134638],{"className":58,"code":134637,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134639,134640,134668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134643,7353],{"class":71},[65,134645,76],{"class":75},[65,134647,1339],{"class":79},[65,134649,488],{"class":487},[65,134651,210],{"class":491},[65,134653,488],{"class":487},[65,134655,87],{"class":79},[65,134657,90],{"class":83},[65,134659,87],{"class":79},[65,134661,499],{"class":487},[65,134663,9317],{"class":491},[65,134665,488],{"class":487},[65,134667,1352],{"class":79},[65,134669,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134671,164],{"class":163},[65,134673,151],{"class":79},[65,134675,488],{"class":487},[65,134677,499],{"class":487},[65,134679,144],{"class":79},[65,134681,132940],{"class":147},[65,134683,151],{"class":79},[65,134685,39441],{"class":163},[65,134687,151],{"class":79},[65,134689,3010],{"class":1259},[65,134691,87],{"class":79},[65,134693,5535],{"class":147},[65,134695,2478],{"class":79},[20,134697,134698,134699,144],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[210,134700,25255,134702],{"href":134701},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134703,134704],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1286,134706,134708,134709,134711],{"id":134707},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134710,132863],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134713,4094],{},[56,134715,134717],{"className":58,"code":134716,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134718,134719,134751],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134722,3639],{"class":71},[65,134724,76],{"class":75},[65,134726,1339],{"class":79},[65,134728,488],{"class":487},[65,134730,6869],{"class":491},[65,134732,488],{"class":487},[65,134734,87],{"class":79},[65,134736,499],{"class":487},[65,134738,11769],{"class":491},[65,134740,488],{"class":487},[65,134742,87],{"class":79},[65,134744,499],{"class":487},[65,134746,132921],{"class":491},[65,134748,488],{"class":487},[65,134750,1352],{"class":79},[65,134752,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134754,136],{"class":71},[65,134756,76],{"class":75},[65,134758,5738],{"class":71},[65,134760,144],{"class":79},[65,134762,132940],{"class":147},[65,134764,151],{"class":79},[65,134766,488],{"class":487},[65,134768,499],{"class":487},[65,134770,157],{"class":79},[20,134772,134773,134775],{},[15,134774,132863],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134777,10383],{},[56,134779,134781],{"className":58,"code":134780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134782,134783,134815,134835,134839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134784,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134786,3639],{"class":71},[65,134788,76],{"class":75},[65,134790,1339],{"class":79},[65,134792,488],{"class":487},[65,134794,6869],{"class":491},[65,134796,488],{"class":487},[65,134798,87],{"class":79},[65,134800,499],{"class":487},[65,134802,11769],{"class":491},[65,134804,488],{"class":487},[65,134806,87],{"class":79},[65,134808,499],{"class":487},[65,134810,132921],{"class":491},[65,134812,488],{"class":487},[65,134814,1352],{"class":79},[65,134816,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134818,136],{"class":71},[65,134820,76],{"class":75},[65,134822,499],{"class":487},[65,134824,499],{"class":487},[65,134826,144],{"class":79},[65,134828,132940],{"class":147},[65,134830,151],{"class":79},[65,134832,3683],{"class":147},[65,134834,157],{"class":79},[65,134836,134837],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,134838,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,134840,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134842,164],{"class":163},[65,134844,151],{"class":79},[65,134846,169],{"class":147},[65,134848,157],{"class":79},[1286,134850,134852],{"id":134851},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[56,134854,134856],{"className":58,"code":134855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134857,134858,134890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134859,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134861,3639],{"class":71},[65,134863,76],{"class":75},[65,134865,1339],{"class":79},[65,134867,488],{"class":487},[65,134869,6156],{"class":491},[65,134871,488],{"class":487},[65,134873,87],{"class":79},[65,134875,499],{"class":487},[65,134877,78855],{"class":491},[65,134879,488],{"class":487},[65,134881,87],{"class":79},[65,134883,499],{"class":487},[65,134885,133667],{"class":491},[65,134887,488],{"class":487},[65,134889,1352],{"class":79},[65,134891,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134893,164],{"class":163},[65,134895,151],{"class":79},[65,134897,5842],{"class":487},[65,134899,144],{"class":79},[65,134901,132940],{"class":147},[65,134903,151],{"class":79},[65,134905,3683],{"class":147},[65,134907,1028],{"class":79},[20,134909,350],{},[56,134911,134913],{"className":58,"code":134912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"onetwothree\n",[15,134914,134915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134916,134917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134918,134912],{"class":71},[20,134920,134921,134922,6202],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134923,133008],{},[1286,134925,134927,134928,131131],{"id":134926},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134929,132863],{},[56,134931,134933],{"className":58,"code":134932,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134934,134935,134967,134985,134989],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134936,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134938,3639],{"class":71},[65,134940,76],{"class":75},[65,134942,1339],{"class":79},[65,134944,488],{"class":487},[65,134946,210],{"class":491},[65,134948,488],{"class":487},[65,134950,87],{"class":79},[65,134952,499],{"class":487},[65,134954,154],{"class":491},[65,134956,488],{"class":487},[65,134958,87],{"class":79},[65,134960,499],{"class":487},[65,134962,9317],{"class":491},[65,134964,488],{"class":487},[65,134966,1352],{"class":79},[65,134968,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,134970,488],{"class":42912},[65,134972,1589],{"class":42916},[65,134974,488],{"class":42912},[65,134976,144],{"class":79},[65,134978,132940],{"class":147},[65,134980,151],{"class":79},[65,134982,3683],{"class":147},[65,134984,157],{"class":79},[65,134986,134987],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,134988,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134992,164],{"class":163},[65,134994,151],{"class":79},[65,134996,3683],{"class":147},[65,134998,157],{"class":79},[20,135000,350],{},[56,135002,135003],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,135004,135005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135006,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135008,3469],{"class":79},[65,135010,594],{"class":487},[65,135012,210],{"class":491},[65,135014,594],{"class":487},[65,135016,87],{"class":79},[65,135018,603],{"class":487},[65,135020,154],{"class":491},[65,135022,594],{"class":487},[65,135024,87],{"class":79},[65,135026,603],{"class":487},[65,135028,9317],{"class":491},[65,135030,594],{"class":487},[65,135032,1352],{"class":79},[20,135034,135035,135036,135038],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135037,132863],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[51,135040,135042,135044,135045],{"id":135041},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135043,132863],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135046,1627],{},[20,135048,10166,135049,634,135051,135053],{},[15,135050,132863],{},[15,135052,1627],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1286,135055,1660,135057,135059],{"id":135056},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135058,1627],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[56,135061,135063],{"className":58,"code":135062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135064,135065,135078,135091,135111,135115],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135066,135067,135070,135072,135074,135076],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135068,135069],{"class":71},"first ",[65,135071,76],{"class":75},[65,135073,499],{"class":487},[65,135075,34445],{"class":491},[65,135077,2925],{"class":487},[65,135079,135080,135083,135085,135087,135089],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135081,135082],{"class":71},"second ",[65,135084,76],{"class":75},[65,135086,499],{"class":487},[65,135088,89321],{"class":491},[65,135090,2925],{"class":487},[65,135092,135093,135095,135097,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135094,136],{"class":71},[65,135096,76],{"class":75},[65,135098,135099],{"class":71}," first ",[65,135101,1627],{"class":75},[65,135103,499],{"class":487},[65,135105,499],{"class":487},[65,135107,2022],{"class":75},[65,135109,135110],{"class":71}," second\n",[65,135112,135113],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135114,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135116,135117,135119,135121,135123],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,135118,164],{"class":163},[65,135120,151],{"class":79},[65,135122,169],{"class":147},[65,135124,157],{"class":79},[20,135126,350],{},[56,135128,135130],{"className":58,"code":135129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello World\n",[15,135131,135132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135133,135134],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135135,135129],{"class":71},[1286,135137,1660,135139,135141],{"id":135138},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135140,132863],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[56,135143,135145],{"className":58,"code":135144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135146,135147,135189,135209,135213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135148,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135168,135170,135172,135174,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135150,3639],{"class":71},[65,135152,76],{"class":75},[65,135154,1339],{"class":79},[65,135156,488],{"class":487},[65,135158,6869],{"class":491},[65,135160,488],{"class":487},[65,135162,87],{"class":79},[65,135164,499],{"class":487},[65,135166,135167],{"class":491},"makes",[65,135169,488],{"class":487},[65,135171,87],{"class":79},[65,135173,499],{"class":487},[65,135175,135176],{"class":491},"this",[65,135178,488],{"class":487},[65,135180,87],{"class":79},[65,135182,499],{"class":487},[65,135184,133362],{"class":491},[65,135186,488],{"class":487},[65,135188,1352],{"class":79},[65,135190,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135192,136],{"class":71},[65,135194,76],{"class":75},[65,135196,499],{"class":487},[65,135198,499],{"class":487},[65,135200,144],{"class":79},[65,135202,132940],{"class":147},[65,135204,151],{"class":79},[65,135206,3683],{"class":147},[65,135208,157],{"class":79},[65,135210,135211],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135212,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135214,135215,135217,135219,135221],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135216,164],{"class":163},[65,135218,151],{"class":79},[65,135220,169],{"class":147},[65,135222,157],{"class":79},[20,135224,350],{},[56,135226,135228],{"className":58,"code":135227,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135229,135230],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135231,135232],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135233,135227],{"class":71},[20,135235,135236,135238],{},[15,135237,132863],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,135240,135241,135244,135247],{},[36,135242,135243],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,135245,135246],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,135248,135249,135250,135252],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135251,1627],{}," operators",[20,135254,135255,135256,144],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[210,135257,135259],{"href":135258},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[51,135261,135263],{"id":135262},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135265,8453,135266,135268],{},[15,135267,132863],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,135270,135271,135274,135279,135288,135294],{},[36,135272,135273],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,135275,135276,135277],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135278,3344],{},[36,135280,135281,135282,10667,135285],{},"You may have written ",[15,135283,135284],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135286,135287],{},"string.join(...)",[36,135289,135290,135291,135293],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135292,132863],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,135295,135296],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135298,93961],{},[56,135300,135302],{"className":58,"code":135301,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135303,135304,135318,135328,135352,135392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135305,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135307,164],{"class":163},[65,135309,151],{"class":79},[65,135311,1260],{"class":1259},[65,135313,151],{"class":79},[65,135315,7384],{"class":147},[65,135317,1028],{"class":79},[65,135319,135320,135322,135324,135326],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135321,164],{"class":163},[65,135323,151],{"class":79},[65,135325,7384],{"class":147},[65,135327,157],{"class":79},[65,135329,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135331,164],{"class":163},[65,135333,2552],{"class":79},[65,135335,1260],{"class":1259},[65,135337,151],{"class":79},[65,135339,22885],{"class":147},[65,135341,172],{"class":79},[65,135343,3445],{"class":3444},[65,135345,5530],{"class":147},[65,135347,3451],{"class":3444},[65,135349,5535],{"class":147},[65,135351,3457],{"class":79},[65,135353,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135355,164],{"class":163},[65,135357,151],{"class":79},[65,135359,594],{"class":487},[65,135361,603],{"class":487},[65,135363,144],{"class":79},[65,135365,132940],{"class":147},[65,135367,2552],{"class":79},[65,135369,594],{"class":487},[65,135371,210],{"class":491},[65,135373,594],{"class":487},[65,135375,87],{"class":79},[65,135377,603],{"class":487},[65,135379,154],{"class":491},[65,135381,594],{"class":487},[65,135383,87],{"class":79},[65,135385,603],{"class":487},[65,135387,9317],{"class":491},[65,135389,594],{"class":487},[65,135391,2565],{"class":79},[65,135393,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,135395,164],{"class":163},[65,135397,151],{"class":79},[65,135399,594],{"class":487},[65,135401,1491],{"class":491},[65,135403,594],{"class":487},[65,135405,144],{"class":79},[65,135407,132940],{"class":147},[65,135409,151],{"class":79},[65,135411,39441],{"class":163},[65,135413,151],{"class":79},[65,135415,3010],{"class":1259},[65,135417,87],{"class":79},[65,135419,1339],{"class":79},[65,135421,84],{"class":83},[65,135423,87],{"class":79},[65,135425,90],{"class":83},[65,135427,87],{"class":79},[65,135429,95],{"class":83},[65,135431,36845],{"class":79},[20,135433,135434],{},"What these checks do:",[33,135436,135437,135445,135451,135457,135466],{},[36,135438,135439,135442,135443,7672],{},[15,135440,135441],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135444,7384],{},[36,135446,135447,135450],{},[15,135448,135449],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,135452,135453,135456],{},[15,135454,135455],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,135458,135459,135462,135463,135465],{},[15,135460,135461],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135464,132863],{}," behavior",[36,135467,135468,135471],{},[15,135469,135470],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[51,135473,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,135475,1289,135477,135479],{"id":135476},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135478,132863],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135481,135482,135483,135485,135486,144],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135484,132863],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135487,135488],{},"map(str, values)",[1286,135490,1289,135492,56749],{"id":135491},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135493,132863],{},[20,135495,135496],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1286,135498,1316,135500,62219],{"id":135499},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135501,132863],{},[20,135503,41735,135504,135506],{},[15,135505,132863],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1286,135508,4711,135510,39542],{"id":135509},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135511,135512],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135514,135515],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1286,135517,135519,135520,135522,135523,1304],{"id":135518},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135521,2571],{}," when using ",[15,135524,132863],{},[20,135526,135527],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[51,135529,1455],{"id":1454},[33,135531,135532,135537,135543,135549,135555],{},[36,135533,135534],{},[210,135535,135536],{"href":135258},"How to join strings in Python",[36,135538,135539],{},[210,135540,125781,135541,1474],{"href":128468},[15,135542,60116],{},[36,135544,135545],{},[210,135546,3143,135547,3076],{"href":41758},[15,135548,47268],{},[36,135550,135551],{},[210,135552,29922,135553],{"href":134701},[15,135554,134704],{},[36,135556,135557],{},[210,135558,124536],{"href":50560},[20,135560,96924,135561,135563],{},[15,135562,132863],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1499,135565,135566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":135568},[135569,135570,135572,135575,135582,135592,135600,135610,135617,135618,135630],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":132980,"depth":101,"text":135571},"What join() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":135573},[135574],{"id":48594,"depth":126,"text":48595},{"id":121311,"depth":101,"text":121312,"children":135576},[135577,135578,135579,135580],{"id":133327,"depth":126,"text":133328},{"id":133419,"depth":126,"text":133420},{"id":133520,"depth":126,"text":133521},{"id":133629,"depth":126,"text":135581},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133732,"depth":101,"text":133733,"children":135583},[135584,135586,135588,135590],{"id":133739,"depth":126,"text":135585},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133806,"depth":126,"text":135587},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133895,"depth":126,"text":135589},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133981,"depth":126,"text":135591},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134056,"depth":101,"text":134057,"children":135593},[135594,135595,135596,135598],{"id":134065,"depth":126,"text":134066},{"id":134148,"depth":126,"text":134149},{"id":134302,"depth":126,"text":135597},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134474,"depth":126,"text":135599},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134561,"depth":101,"text":135601,"children":135602},"Common errors with join()",[135603,135605,135607,135608],{"id":134570,"depth":126,"text":135604},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134707,"depth":126,"text":135606},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134851,"depth":126,"text":134852},{"id":134926,"depth":126,"text":135609},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135041,"depth":101,"text":135611,"children":135612},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135613,135615],{"id":135056,"depth":126,"text":135614},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135138,"depth":126,"text":135616},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135262,"depth":101,"text":135263},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":135619},[135620,135622,135624,135626,135628],{"id":135476,"depth":126,"text":135621},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135491,"depth":126,"text":135623},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135499,"depth":126,"text":135625},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135509,"depth":126,"text":135627},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135518,"depth":126,"text":135629},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132855,"description":135631},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135638,"title":135639,"body":135640,"description":137208,"extension":1528,"meta":137209,"navigation":129,"path":137210,"seo":137211,"stem":137212,"__hash__":137213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135641,"toc":137175},[135642,135647,135652,135654,135668,135713,135720,135725,135730,135732,135748,135757,135759,135761,135776,135778,135788,135790,135852,135854,135857,135918,135920,135936,135938,135951,135954,136001,136003,136009,136012,136015,136075,136083,136169,136173,136178,136180,136194,136197,136282,136285,136343,136354,136409,136411,136418,136424,136430,136474,136477,136524,136526,136528,136535,136537,136568,136571,136573,136604,136608,136611,136613,136653,136655,136698,136704,136709,136711,136738,136743,136746,136795,136799,136802,136877,136888,136891,136948,136955,136961,136969,136974,136981,136988,137006,137008,137062,137070,137072,137077,137080,137086,137092,137097,137100,137106,137112,137119,137127,137129,137172],[10,135643,122781,135645,18],{"id":135644},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135646,123511],{},[20,135648,122786,135649,135651],{},[15,135650,123511],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135653,23662],{},[33,135655,135656,135659,135662,135665],{},[36,135657,135658],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,135660,135661],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,135663,135664],{},"clean up user input",[36,135666,135667],{},"make simple text matching easier",[56,135669,135671],{"className":58,"code":135670,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135672,135673,135686,135700],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135674,135675,135677,135679,135681,135684],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135676,34265],{"class":71},[65,135678,76],{"class":75},[65,135680,499],{"class":487},[65,135682,135683],{"class":491},"Hello WORLD",[65,135685,2925],{"class":487},[65,135687,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135689,136],{"class":71},[65,135691,76],{"class":75},[65,135693,42425],{"class":71},[65,135695,144],{"class":79},[65,135697,8217],{"class":147},[65,135699,8220],{"class":79},[65,135701,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135703,164],{"class":163},[65,135705,151],{"class":79},[65,135707,169],{"class":147},[65,135709,172],{"class":79},[65,135711,135712],{"class":175},"  # hello world\n",[20,135714,135715,88544,135717,135719],{},[43,135716,83402],{},[15,135718,123511],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[51,135721,183,135723,186],{"id":135722},"what-lower-does",[15,135724,123511],{},[20,135726,135727,135729],{},[15,135728,123511],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135731,12628],{},[33,135733,135734,135739,135742,135745],{},[36,135735,135736,135738],{},[15,135737,123511],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,135740,135741],{},"It works on string objects",[36,135743,135744],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,135746,135747],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135749,124533,135750,135754,135755,144],{},[210,135751,135753],{"href":135752},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[210,135756,50561],{"href":50560},[51,135758,222],{"id":221},[20,135760,1728],{},[56,135762,135764],{"className":58,"code":135763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.lower()\n",[15,135765,135766],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135767,135768,135770,135772,135774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135769,60759],{"class":71},[65,135771,144],{"class":79},[65,135773,8217],{"class":147},[65,135775,8220],{"class":79},[20,135777,43234],{},[33,135779,135780,135782,135785],{},[36,135781,97102],{},[36,135783,135784],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,135786,135787],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135789,267],{},[56,135791,135793],{"className":58,"code":135792,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135794,135795,135818,135822,135835],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135796,135797,135799,135801,135803,135806,135808,135810,135812,135815],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135798,164],{"class":163},[65,135800,151],{"class":79},[65,135802,488],{"class":487},[65,135804,135805],{"class":491},"HELLO",[65,135807,488],{"class":487},[65,135809,144],{"class":79},[65,135811,8217],{"class":147},[65,135813,135814],{"class":79},"())",[65,135816,135817],{"class":175},"  # hello\n",[65,135819,135820],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135821,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135823,135824,135826,135828,135830,135833],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135825,7451],{"class":71},[65,135827,76],{"class":75},[65,135829,499],{"class":487},[65,135831,135832],{"class":491},"PyThOn",[65,135834,2925],{"class":487},[65,135836,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135838,164],{"class":163},[65,135840,151],{"class":79},[65,135842,7241],{"class":147},[65,135844,144],{"class":79},[65,135846,8217],{"class":147},[65,135848,135814],{"class":79},[65,135850,135851],{"class":175},"  # python\n",[51,135853,467],{"id":466},[20,135855,135856],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[56,135858,135860],{"className":58,"code":135859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135861,135862,135874,135878,135893,135897,135908],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135863,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135865,34265],{"class":71},[65,135867,76],{"class":75},[65,135869,499],{"class":487},[65,135871,135683],{"class":491},[65,135873,2925],{"class":487},[65,135875,135876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135877,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135879,135880,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135881,135882],{"class":71},"lower_text ",[65,135884,76],{"class":75},[65,135886,42425],{"class":71},[65,135888,144],{"class":79},[65,135890,8217],{"class":147},[65,135892,8220],{"class":79},[65,135894,135895],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135896,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135898,135899,135901,135903,135906],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,135900,164],{"class":163},[65,135902,151],{"class":79},[65,135904,135905],{"class":147},"lower_text",[65,135907,157],{"class":79},[65,135909,135910,135912,135914,135916],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,135911,164],{"class":163},[65,135913,151],{"class":79},[65,135915,34286],{"class":147},[65,135917,157],{"class":79},[20,135919,350],{},[56,135921,135923],{"className":58,"code":135922,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135924,135925,135929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135926,135927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135928,133797],{"class":71},[65,135930,135931,135933],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135932,131197],{"class":71},[65,135934,135935],{"class":34030},"WORLD\n",[20,135937,24182],{},[33,135939,135940,135945],{},[36,135941,135942,135944],{},[15,135943,123511],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,135946,135947,135948,135950],{},"the original ",[15,135949,34286],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135952,135953],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[56,135955,135957],{"className":58,"code":135956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135958,135959,135971,135985,135989],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135960,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135962,34265],{"class":71},[65,135964,76],{"class":75},[65,135966,499],{"class":487},[65,135968,135683],{"class":491},[65,135970,2925],{"class":487},[65,135972,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,135974,34265],{"class":71},[65,135976,76],{"class":75},[65,135978,42425],{"class":71},[65,135980,144],{"class":79},[65,135982,8217],{"class":147},[65,135984,8220],{"class":79},[65,135986,135987],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,135988,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,135990,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135992,164],{"class":163},[65,135994,151],{"class":79},[65,135996,34286],{"class":147},[65,135998,172],{"class":79},[65,136000,135712],{"class":175},[51,136002,16994],{"id":16993},[20,136004,136005,21550,136007,144],{},[15,136006,123511],{},[43,136008,60759],{},[20,136010,136011],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136013,136014],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[56,136016,136018],{"className":58,"code":136017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136019,136020,136034,136038,136061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136021,136022,136025,136027,136029,136032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136023,136024],{"class":71},"answer ",[65,136026,76],{"class":75},[65,136028,499],{"class":487},[65,136030,136031],{"class":491},"YES",[65,136033,2925],{"class":487},[65,136035,136036],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136037,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136039,136040,136042,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136041,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136043,136044],{"class":71}," answer",[65,136046,144],{"class":79},[65,136048,8217],{"class":147},[65,136050,6938],{"class":79},[65,136052,5978],{"class":75},[65,136054,499],{"class":487},[65,136056,8235],{"class":491},[65,136058,488],{"class":487},[65,136060,5963],{"class":79},[65,136062,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136064,7644],{"class":163},[65,136066,151],{"class":79},[65,136068,488],{"class":487},[65,136070,96411],{"class":491},[65,136072,488],{"class":487},[65,136074,157],{"class":79},[20,136076,136077,136078,191],{},"This is especially useful with ",[210,136079,136080,136081,1870],{"href":7795},"the ",[15,136082,2524],{},[56,136084,136086],{"className":58,"code":136085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136087,136088,136107,136111,136133,136148,136154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136089,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136103,136105],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136091,136024],{"class":71},[65,136093,76],{"class":75},[65,136095,7818],{"class":163},[65,136097,151],{"class":79},[65,136099,488],{"class":487},[65,136101,136102],{"class":491},"Type yes or no: ",[65,136104,488],{"class":487},[65,136106,157],{"class":79},[65,136108,136109],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136110,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136112,136113,136115,136117,136119,136121,136123,136125,136127,136129,136131],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136114,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136116,136044],{"class":71},[65,136118,144],{"class":79},[65,136120,8217],{"class":147},[65,136122,6938],{"class":79},[65,136124,5978],{"class":75},[65,136126,499],{"class":487},[65,136128,8235],{"class":491},[65,136130,488],{"class":487},[65,136132,5963],{"class":79},[65,136134,136135,136137,136139,136141,136144,136146],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136136,7644],{"class":163},[65,136138,151],{"class":79},[65,136140,488],{"class":487},[65,136142,136143],{"class":491},"You typed yes",[65,136145,488],{"class":487},[65,136147,157],{"class":79},[65,136149,136150,136152],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,136151,27009],{"class":3444},[65,136153,5963],{"class":79},[65,136155,136156,136158,136160,136162,136165,136167],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,136157,7644],{"class":163},[65,136159,151],{"class":79},[65,136161,488],{"class":487},[65,136163,136164],{"class":491},"You typed something else",[65,136166,488],{"class":487},[65,136168,157],{"class":79},[51,136170,136172],{"id":136171},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136174,136175,136177],{},[15,136176,123511],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136179,6915],{},[33,136181,136182,136185,136188,136191],{},[36,136183,136184],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,136186,136187],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,136189,136190],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,136192,136193],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136195,136196],{},"Example: checking user input",[56,136198,136200],{"className":58,"code":136199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136201,136202,136220,136224,136246,136261,136267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136203,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136205,44542],{"class":71},[65,136207,76],{"class":75},[65,136209,7818],{"class":163},[65,136211,151],{"class":79},[65,136213,488],{"class":487},[65,136215,44553],{"class":491},[65,136217,488],{"class":487},[65,136219,157],{"class":79},[65,136221,136222],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136223,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136225,136226,136228,136230,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136227,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136229,35430],{"class":71},[65,136231,144],{"class":79},[65,136233,8217],{"class":147},[65,136235,6938],{"class":79},[65,136237,5978],{"class":75},[65,136239,499],{"class":487},[65,136241,502],{"class":491},[65,136243,488],{"class":487},[65,136245,5963],{"class":79},[65,136247,136248,136250,136252,136254,136257,136259],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136249,7644],{"class":163},[65,136251,151],{"class":79},[65,136253,488],{"class":487},[65,136255,136256],{"class":491},"Nice choice!",[65,136258,488],{"class":487},[65,136260,157],{"class":79},[65,136262,136263,136265],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,136264,27009],{"class":3444},[65,136266,5963],{"class":79},[65,136268,136269,136271,136273,136275,136278,136280],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,136270,7644],{"class":163},[65,136272,151],{"class":79},[65,136274,488],{"class":487},[65,136276,136277],{"class":491},"Got it.",[65,136279,488],{"class":487},[65,136281,157],{"class":79},[20,136283,136284],{},"Example: simple search",[56,136286,136288],{"className":58,"code":136287,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136289,136290,136303,136307,136328],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136291,136292,136294,136296,136298,136301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136293,89588],{"class":71},[65,136295,76],{"class":75},[65,136297,499],{"class":487},[65,136299,136300],{"class":491},"Python Is Fun",[65,136302,2925],{"class":487},[65,136304,136305],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136306,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136308,136309,136311,136313,136315,136317,136319,136322,136324,136326],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136310,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136312,499],{"class":487},[65,136314,60],{"class":491},[65,136316,488],{"class":487},[65,136318,20749],{"class":75},[65,136320,136321],{"class":71}," message",[65,136323,144],{"class":79},[65,136325,8217],{"class":147},[65,136327,21170],{"class":79},[65,136329,136330,136332,136334,136336,136339,136341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136331,7644],{"class":163},[65,136333,151],{"class":79},[65,136335,488],{"class":487},[65,136337,136338],{"class":491},"Found it",[65,136340,488],{"class":487},[65,136342,157],{"class":79},[20,136344,136345,136346,136348,136349,191],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136347,123511],{}," is often used with ",[210,136350,136352],{"href":136351},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136353,41236],{},[56,136355,136357],{"className":58,"code":136356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136358,136359,136372,136391,136395],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136360,136361,136363,136365,136367,136370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136362,7451],{"class":71},[65,136364,76],{"class":75},[65,136366,499],{"class":487},[65,136368,136369],{"class":491},"  ALICE  ",[65,136371,2925],{"class":487},[65,136373,136374,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136375,136376],{"class":71},"clean_name ",[65,136378,76],{"class":75},[65,136380,35571],{"class":71},[65,136382,144],{"class":79},[65,136384,8211],{"class":147},[65,136386,8214],{"class":79},[65,136388,8217],{"class":147},[65,136390,8220],{"class":79},[65,136392,136393],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136394,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136396,136397,136399,136401,136404,136406],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136398,164],{"class":163},[65,136400,151],{"class":79},[65,136402,136403],{"class":147},"clean_name",[65,136405,172],{"class":79},[65,136407,136408],{"class":175},"  # alice\n",[51,136410,15172],{"id":15171},[20,136412,136413,136414,136417],{},"Strings are ",[43,136415,136416],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136419,136420,136421,136423],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136422,123511],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136425,136426,136427,136429],{},"So this does ",[43,136428,45],{}," update the original variable:",[56,136431,136433],{"className":58,"code":136432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136434,136435,136447,136457,136461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136436,136437,136439,136441,136443,136445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136438,34265],{"class":71},[65,136440,76],{"class":75},[65,136442,499],{"class":487},[65,136444,135805],{"class":491},[65,136446,2925],{"class":487},[65,136448,136449,136451,136453,136455],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136450,34286],{"class":71},[65,136452,144],{"class":79},[65,136454,8217],{"class":147},[65,136456,8220],{"class":79},[65,136458,136459],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136460,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136462,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136464,164],{"class":163},[65,136466,151],{"class":79},[65,136468,34286],{"class":147},[65,136470,172],{"class":79},[65,136472,136473],{"class":175},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136475,136476],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[56,136478,136480],{"className":58,"code":136479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136481,136482,136494,136508,136512],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136485,34265],{"class":71},[65,136487,76],{"class":75},[65,136489,499],{"class":487},[65,136491,135805],{"class":491},[65,136493,2925],{"class":487},[65,136495,136496,136498,136500,136502,136504,136506],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136497,34265],{"class":71},[65,136499,76],{"class":75},[65,136501,42425],{"class":71},[65,136503,144],{"class":79},[65,136505,8217],{"class":147},[65,136507,8220],{"class":79},[65,136509,136510],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136511,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136513,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136515,164],{"class":163},[65,136517,151],{"class":79},[65,136519,34286],{"class":147},[65,136521,172],{"class":79},[65,136523,135817],{"class":175},[51,136525,2396],{"id":2395},[1286,136527,25263],{"id":25262},[20,136529,136530,136531,10667,136533,144],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136532,8217],{},[15,136534,123511],{},[20,136536,16219],{},[56,136538,136540],{"className":58,"code":136539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136541,136542,136554],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136543,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136545,34265],{"class":71},[65,136547,76],{"class":75},[65,136549,499],{"class":487},[65,136551,135805],{"class":491},[65,136553,2925],{"class":487},[65,136555,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136557,164],{"class":163},[65,136559,151],{"class":79},[65,136561,34286],{"class":147},[65,136563,144],{"class":79},[65,136565,8217],{"class":24325},[65,136567,157],{"class":79},[20,136569,136570],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136572,16231],{},[56,136574,136576],{"className":58,"code":136575,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136577,136578,136590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136579,136580,136582,136584,136586,136588],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136581,34265],{"class":71},[65,136583,76],{"class":75},[65,136585,499],{"class":487},[65,136587,135805],{"class":491},[65,136589,2925],{"class":487},[65,136591,136592,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136593,164],{"class":163},[65,136595,151],{"class":79},[65,136597,34286],{"class":147},[65,136599,144],{"class":79},[65,136601,8217],{"class":147},[65,136603,6766],{"class":79},[1286,136605,136607],{"id":136606},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136609,136610],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136612,16219],{},[56,136614,136616],{"className":58,"code":136615,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136617,136618,136630,136640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136619,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136621,34265],{"class":71},[65,136623,76],{"class":75},[65,136625,499],{"class":487},[65,136627,135805],{"class":491},[65,136629,2925],{"class":487},[65,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136633,34286],{"class":71},[65,136635,144],{"class":79},[65,136637,8217],{"class":147},[65,136639,8220],{"class":79},[65,136641,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136643,164],{"class":163},[65,136645,151],{"class":79},[65,136647,34286],{"class":147},[65,136649,172],{"class":79},[65,136651,136652],{"class":175},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136654,16231],{},[56,136656,136658],{"className":58,"code":136657,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136659,136660,136672,136686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136663,34265],{"class":71},[65,136665,76],{"class":75},[65,136667,499],{"class":487},[65,136669,135805],{"class":491},[65,136671,2925],{"class":487},[65,136673,136674,136676,136678,136680,136682,136684],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136675,34265],{"class":71},[65,136677,76],{"class":75},[65,136679,42425],{"class":71},[65,136681,144],{"class":79},[65,136683,8217],{"class":147},[65,136685,8220],{"class":79},[65,136687,136688,136690,136692,136694,136696],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136689,164],{"class":163},[65,136691,151],{"class":79},[65,136693,34286],{"class":147},[65,136695,172],{"class":79},[65,136697,135817],{"class":175},[1286,136699,7994,136701,136703],{"id":136700},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136702,123511],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136705,136706,136708],{},[15,136707,123511],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136710,16219],{},[56,136712,136714],{"className":58,"code":136713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136715,136716,136724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136717,136718,136720,136722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136719,1785],{"class":71},[65,136721,76],{"class":75},[65,136723,124463],{"class":83},[65,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136727,164],{"class":163},[65,136729,151],{"class":79},[65,136731,1807],{"class":147},[65,136733,144],{"class":79},[65,136735,8217],{"class":147},[65,136737,6766],{"class":79},[20,136739,136740,136741,33177],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136742,123511],{},[20,136744,136745],{},"You can check the type first:",[56,136747,136749],{"className":58,"code":136748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136750,136751,136763,136767,136781],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136752,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136754,34265],{"class":71},[65,136756,76],{"class":75},[65,136758,499],{"class":487},[65,136760,135805],{"class":491},[65,136762,2925],{"class":487},[65,136764,136765],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136766,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136768,136769,136771,136773,136775,136777,136779],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136770,164],{"class":163},[65,136772,151],{"class":79},[65,136774,1260],{"class":1259},[65,136776,151],{"class":79},[65,136778,34286],{"class":147},[65,136780,1028],{"class":79},[65,136782,136783,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136784,164],{"class":163},[65,136786,151],{"class":79},[65,136788,34286],{"class":147},[65,136790,144],{"class":79},[65,136792,8217],{"class":147},[65,136794,6766],{"class":79},[1286,136796,136798],{"id":136797},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136800,136801],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[56,136803,136805],{"className":58,"code":136804,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136806,136807,136820,136824,136841,136856,136862],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136808,136809,136811,136813,136815,136818],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136810,136024],{"class":71},[65,136812,76],{"class":75},[65,136814,499],{"class":487},[65,136816,136817],{"class":491},"Yes",[65,136819,2925],{"class":487},[65,136821,136822],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136823,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136825,136826,136828,136831,136833,136835,136837,136839],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136827,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136829,136830],{"class":71}," answer ",[65,136832,4256],{"class":75},[65,136834,499],{"class":487},[65,136836,8235],{"class":491},[65,136838,488],{"class":487},[65,136840,5963],{"class":79},[65,136842,136843,136845,136847,136849,136852,136854],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136844,7644],{"class":163},[65,136846,151],{"class":79},[65,136848,488],{"class":487},[65,136850,136851],{"class":491},"Match",[65,136853,488],{"class":487},[65,136855,157],{"class":79},[65,136857,136858,136860],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,136859,27009],{"class":3444},[65,136861,5963],{"class":79},[65,136863,136864,136866,136868,136870,136873,136875],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,136865,7644],{"class":163},[65,136867,151],{"class":79},[65,136869,488],{"class":487},[65,136871,136872],{"class":491},"No match",[65,136874,488],{"class":487},[65,136876,157],{"class":79},[20,136878,28636,136879,634,136882,136885,136886,144],{},[15,136880,136881],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136883,136884],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136887,136872],{},[20,136889,136890],{},"Better:",[56,136892,136894],{"className":58,"code":136893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136895,136896,136908,136912,136934],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136897,136898,136900,136902,136904,136906],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136899,136024],{"class":71},[65,136901,76],{"class":75},[65,136903,499],{"class":487},[65,136905,136817],{"class":491},[65,136907,2925],{"class":487},[65,136909,136910],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,136911,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,136913,136914,136916,136918,136920,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930,136932],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,136915,6569],{"class":3444},[65,136917,136044],{"class":71},[65,136919,144],{"class":79},[65,136921,8217],{"class":147},[65,136923,6938],{"class":79},[65,136925,5978],{"class":75},[65,136927,499],{"class":487},[65,136929,8235],{"class":491},[65,136931,488],{"class":487},[65,136933,5963],{"class":79},[65,136935,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136937,7644],{"class":163},[65,136939,151],{"class":79},[65,136941,488],{"class":487},[65,136943,136851],{"class":491},[65,136945,488],{"class":487},[65,136947,157],{"class":79},[1286,136949,43797,136951,136954],{"id":136950},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136952,136953],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136956,136957,136958,136960],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136959,123511],{}," is enough.",[20,136962,136963,136964,136966,136967,144],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136965,136953],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136968,123511],{},[20,136970,136971,136972,122023],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136973,123511],{},[51,136975,136977,657,136979],{"id":136976},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136978,123511],{},[15,136980,127659],{},[20,136982,136983,634,136985,136987],{},[15,136984,123511],{},[15,136986,127659],{}," are very similar.",[33,136989,136990,136995,137000,137003],{},[36,136991,136992,136994],{},[15,136993,123511],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,136996,136997,136999],{},[15,136998,127659],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,137001,137002],{},"Both return new strings",[36,137004,137005],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137007,267],{},[56,137009,137011],{"className":58,"code":137010,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137012,137013,137025,137029,137045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137016,34265],{"class":71},[65,137018,76],{"class":75},[65,137020,499],{"class":487},[65,137022,128500],{"class":491},[65,137024,2925],{"class":487},[65,137026,137027],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137028,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137030,137031,137033,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137032,164],{"class":163},[65,137034,151],{"class":79},[65,137036,34286],{"class":147},[65,137038,144],{"class":79},[65,137040,8217],{"class":147},[65,137042,135814],{"class":79},[65,137044,135712],{"class":175},[65,137046,137047,137049,137051,137053,137055,137057,137059],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137048,164],{"class":163},[65,137050,151],{"class":79},[65,137052,34286],{"class":147},[65,137054,144],{"class":79},[65,137056,34055],{"class":147},[65,137058,135814],{"class":79},[65,137060,137061],{"class":175},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137063,137064,137065,144],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[210,137066,125781,137068,1474],{"href":137067},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137069,127659],{},[51,137071,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,137073,1289,137075,124108],{"id":137074},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137076,123511],{},[20,137078,137079],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1286,137081,1289,137083,137085],{"id":137082},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137084,123511],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137087,137088,137089,144],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137090,137091],{},"string.lower()",[1286,137093,4711,137095,12291],{"id":137094},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137096,123511],{},[20,137098,137099],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1286,137101,1316,137103,137105],{"id":137102},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137104,123511],{}," on user input?",[20,137107,137108,137109,137111],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137110,2524],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1286,137113,1299,137115,634,137117,1304],{"id":137114},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137116,123511],{},[15,137118,136953],{},[20,137120,137121,137123,137124,137126],{},[15,137122,123511],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137125,136953],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[51,137128,1455],{"id":1454},[33,137130,137131,137135,137141,137147,137153,137157,137161,137167],{},[36,137132,137133],{},[210,137134,50561],{"href":50560},[36,137136,137137],{},[210,137138,125781,137139,1474],{"href":137067},[15,137140,127659],{},[36,137142,137143],{},[210,137144,125781,137145,1474],{"href":136351},[15,137146,41236],{},[36,137148,137149],{},[210,137150,125781,137151,1474],{"href":129362},[15,137152,123952],{},[36,137154,137155],{},[210,137156,124180],{"href":123036},[36,137158,137159],{},[210,137160,90264],{"href":89273},[36,137162,137163],{},[210,137164,3143,137165,3076],{"href":7795},[15,137166,2524],{},[36,137168,137169],{},[210,137170,137171],{"href":135752},"What is a string in Python?",[1499,137173,137174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":137176},[137177,137179,137180,137181,137182,137183,137184,137193,137195,137207],{"id":135722,"depth":101,"text":137178},"What lower() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":136171,"depth":101,"text":136172},{"id":15171,"depth":101,"text":15172},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":137185},[137186,137187,137188,137190,137191],{"id":25262,"depth":126,"text":25263},{"id":136606,"depth":126,"text":136607},{"id":136700,"depth":126,"text":137189},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136797,"depth":126,"text":136798},{"id":136950,"depth":126,"text":137192},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136976,"depth":101,"text":137194},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":137196},[137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"id":137074,"depth":126,"text":137198},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137082,"depth":126,"text":137200},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137094,"depth":126,"text":137202},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137102,"depth":126,"text":137204},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137114,"depth":126,"text":137206},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135639,"description":137208},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137215,"title":137216,"body":137217,"description":138767,"extension":1528,"meta":138768,"navigation":129,"path":138769,"seo":138770,"stem":138771,"__hash__":138772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137218,"toc":138728},[137219,137224,137229,137235,137250,137252,137312,137314,137323,137329,137334,137339,137341,137355,137359,137361,137408,137410,137428,137430,137433,137504,137506,137520,137523,137535,137544,137548,137553,137558,137562,137628,137630,137639,137643,137708,137710,137719,137722,137727,137731,137736,137740,137801,137803,137812,137816,137819,137875,137877,137886,137889,137902,137904,137908,137915,137977,137979,137992,137998,138001,138008,138013,138018,138021,138029,138031,138092,138094,138103,138106,138153,138156,138203,138205,138210,138227,138234,138239,138292,138294,138302,138304,138361,138363,138371,138375,138422,138424,138432,138440,138444,138492,138494,138503,138508,138559,138561,138570,138577,138580,138601,138603,138608,138611,138615,138618,138622,138625,138652,138658,138661,138688,138693,138695,138697,138725],[10,137220,122781,137222,18],{"id":137221},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137223,123952],{},[20,137225,122786,137226,137228],{},[15,137227,123952],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137230,137231,137232,137234],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137233,123952],{},". You will learn:",[33,137236,137237,137241,137244,137247],{},[36,137238,25595,137239,186],{},[15,137240,123952],{},[36,137242,137243],{},"how its syntax works",[36,137245,137246],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,137248,137249],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[51,137251,1570],{"id":1569},[56,137253,137255],{"className":58,"code":137254,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137256,137257,137270,137302],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137258,137259,137261,137263,137265,137268],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137260,34265],{"class":71},[65,137262,76],{"class":75},[65,137264,499],{"class":487},[65,137266,137267],{"class":491},"I like cats",[65,137269,2925],{"class":487},[65,137271,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286,137289,137291,137293,137295,137298,137300],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137273,129620],{"class":71},[65,137275,76],{"class":75},[65,137277,42425],{"class":71},[65,137279,144],{"class":79},[65,137281,34577],{"class":147},[65,137283,151],{"class":79},[65,137285,488],{"class":487},[65,137287,137288],{"class":491},"cats",[65,137290,488],{"class":487},[65,137292,87],{"class":79},[65,137294,499],{"class":487},[65,137296,137297],{"class":491},"dogs",[65,137299,488],{"class":487},[65,137301,157],{"class":79},[65,137303,137304,137306,137308,137310],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137305,164],{"class":163},[65,137307,151],{"class":79},[65,137309,129651],{"class":147},[65,137311,157],{"class":79},[20,137313,350],{},[56,137315,137317],{"className":58,"code":137316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like dogs\n",[15,137318,137319],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137320,137321],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137322,137316],{"class":71},[20,137324,1660,137325,137328],{},[15,137326,137327],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[51,137330,183,137332,186],{"id":137331},"what-replace-does",[15,137333,123952],{},[20,137335,137336,137338],{},[15,137337,123952],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137340,12628],{},[33,137342,137343,137345,137347,137350],{},[36,137344,133029],{},[36,137346,135747],{},[36,137348,137349],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,137351,137352,137353],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137354,40842],{},[20,137356,124533,137357,144],{},[210,137358,124536],{"href":50560},[51,137360,5000],{"id":4999},[56,137362,137364],{"className":58,"code":137363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137365,137366,137386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137367,137368,137370,137372,137374,137376,137379,137381,137384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137369,60759],{"class":71},[65,137371,144],{"class":79},[65,137373,34577],{"class":147},[65,137375,151],{"class":79},[65,137377,137378],{"class":147},"old",[65,137380,87],{"class":79},[65,137382,137383],{"class":147}," new",[65,137385,157],{"class":79},[65,137387,137388,137390,137392,137394,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404,137406],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137389,60759],{"class":71},[65,137391,144],{"class":79},[65,137393,34577],{"class":147},[65,137395,151],{"class":79},[65,137397,137378],{"class":147},[65,137399,87],{"class":79},[65,137401,137383],{"class":147},[65,137403,87],{"class":79},[65,137405,49187],{"class":147},[65,137407,157],{"class":79},[1286,137409,16970],{"id":16969},[33,137411,137412,137417,137423],{},[36,137413,137414,137416],{},[15,137415,137378],{}," = the text to find",[36,137418,137419,137422],{},[15,137420,137421],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,137424,137425,137427],{},[15,137426,40842],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[51,137429,5356],{"id":5355},[20,137431,137432],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[56,137434,137436],{"className":58,"code":137435,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137437,137438,137450,137480,137484,137494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137441,34265],{"class":71},[65,137443,76],{"class":75},[65,137445,499],{"class":487},[65,137447,137267],{"class":491},[65,137449,2925],{"class":487},[65,137451,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137453,129620],{"class":71},[65,137455,76],{"class":75},[65,137457,42425],{"class":71},[65,137459,144],{"class":79},[65,137461,34577],{"class":147},[65,137463,151],{"class":79},[65,137465,488],{"class":487},[65,137467,137288],{"class":491},[65,137469,488],{"class":487},[65,137471,87],{"class":79},[65,137473,499],{"class":487},[65,137475,137297],{"class":491},[65,137477,488],{"class":487},[65,137479,157],{"class":79},[65,137481,137482],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137483,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137487,164],{"class":163},[65,137489,151],{"class":79},[65,137491,34286],{"class":147},[65,137493,157],{"class":79},[65,137495,137496,137498,137500,137502],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,137497,164],{"class":163},[65,137499,151],{"class":79},[65,137501,129651],{"class":147},[65,137503,157],{"class":79},[20,137505,350],{},[56,137507,137509],{"className":58,"code":137508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137510,137511,137516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137512,137513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137514,137515],{"class":71},"I like cats\n",[65,137517,137518],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137519,137316],{"class":71},[20,137521,137522],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,137524,137525,137530],{},[36,137526,137527,137529],{},[15,137528,34286],{}," did not change",[36,137531,137532,137534],{},[15,137533,129651],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137536,137537,137538,137540,137541,137543],{},"This happens because strings are ",[43,137539,136416],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137542,123952],{}," return a new string instead.",[51,137545,137547],{"id":137546},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137549,89282,137550,137552],{},[15,137551,123952],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137554,137555,137556,36201],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137557,40842],{},[1286,137559,137561],{"id":137560},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[56,137563,137565],{"className":58,"code":137564,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137566,137567,137580,137614,137618],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137578],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137570,34265],{"class":71},[65,137572,76],{"class":75},[65,137574,499],{"class":487},[65,137576,137577],{"class":491},"cat cat cat",[65,137579,2925],{"class":487},[65,137581,137582,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137583,136],{"class":71},[65,137585,76],{"class":75},[65,137587,42425],{"class":71},[65,137589,144],{"class":79},[65,137591,34577],{"class":147},[65,137593,151],{"class":79},[65,137595,488],{"class":487},[65,137597,36627],{"class":491},[65,137599,488],{"class":487},[65,137601,87],{"class":79},[65,137603,499],{"class":487},[65,137605,57712],{"class":491},[65,137607,488],{"class":487},[65,137609,87],{"class":79},[65,137611,5066],{"class":83},[65,137613,157],{"class":79},[65,137615,137616],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137617,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137619,137620,137622,137624,137626],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137621,164],{"class":163},[65,137623,151],{"class":79},[65,137625,169],{"class":147},[65,137627,157],{"class":79},[20,137629,350],{},[56,137631,137633],{"className":58,"code":137632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137634,137635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137636,137637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137638,137632],{"class":71},[1286,137640,137642],{"id":137641},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[56,137644,137646],{"className":58,"code":137645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137647,137648,137660,137694,137698],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137649,137650,137652,137654,137656,137658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137651,34265],{"class":71},[65,137653,76],{"class":75},[65,137655,499],{"class":487},[65,137657,137577],{"class":491},[65,137659,2925],{"class":487},[65,137661,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137663,136],{"class":71},[65,137665,76],{"class":75},[65,137667,42425],{"class":71},[65,137669,144],{"class":79},[65,137671,34577],{"class":147},[65,137673,151],{"class":79},[65,137675,488],{"class":487},[65,137677,36627],{"class":491},[65,137679,488],{"class":487},[65,137681,87],{"class":79},[65,137683,499],{"class":487},[65,137685,57712],{"class":491},[65,137687,488],{"class":487},[65,137689,87],{"class":79},[65,137691,90],{"class":83},[65,137693,157],{"class":79},[65,137695,137696],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137697,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137699,137700,137702,137704,137706],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137701,164],{"class":163},[65,137703,151],{"class":79},[65,137705,169],{"class":147},[65,137707,157],{"class":79},[20,137709,350],{},[56,137711,137713],{"className":58,"code":137712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137714,137715],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137716,137717],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137718,137712],{"class":71},[20,137720,137721],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137723,137724,137725,144],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[210,137726,127505],{"href":123949},[51,137728,137730],{"id":137729},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137732,137733,137735],{},[15,137734,123952],{}," can also change single characters.",[1286,137737,137739],{"id":137738},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[56,137741,137743],{"className":58,"code":137742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137744,137745,137757,137787,137791],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137746,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137748,34265],{"class":71},[65,137750,76],{"class":75},[65,137752,499],{"class":487},[65,137754,3657],{"class":491},[65,137756,2925],{"class":487},[65,137758,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137760,136],{"class":71},[65,137762,76],{"class":75},[65,137764,42425],{"class":71},[65,137766,144],{"class":79},[65,137768,34577],{"class":147},[65,137770,151],{"class":79},[65,137772,488],{"class":487},[65,137774,210],{"class":491},[65,137776,488],{"class":487},[65,137778,87],{"class":79},[65,137780,499],{"class":487},[65,137782,60058],{"class":491},[65,137784,488],{"class":487},[65,137786,157],{"class":79},[65,137788,137789],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137790,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137794,164],{"class":163},[65,137796,151],{"class":79},[65,137798,169],{"class":147},[65,137800,157],{"class":79},[20,137802,350],{},[56,137804,137806],{"className":58,"code":137805,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bonono\n",[15,137807,137808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137809,137810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137811,137805],{"class":71},[1286,137813,137815],{"id":137814},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137817,137818],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[56,137820,137822],{"className":58,"code":137821,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137823,137824,137837,137861,137865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137825,137826,137828,137830,137832,137835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137827,34265],{"class":71},[65,137829,76],{"class":75},[65,137831,499],{"class":487},[65,137833,137834],{"class":491},"a b c",[65,137836,2925],{"class":487},[65,137838,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137840,136],{"class":71},[65,137842,76],{"class":75},[65,137844,42425],{"class":71},[65,137846,144],{"class":79},[65,137848,34577],{"class":147},[65,137850,151],{"class":79},[65,137852,488],{"class":487},[65,137854,499],{"class":487},[65,137856,87],{"class":79},[65,137858,5696],{"class":487},[65,137860,157],{"class":79},[65,137862,137863],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137864,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137866,137867,137869,137871,137873],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137868,164],{"class":163},[65,137870,151],{"class":79},[65,137872,169],{"class":147},[65,137874,157],{"class":79},[20,137876,350],{},[56,137878,137880],{"className":58,"code":137879,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abc\n",[15,137881,137882],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137883,137884],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137885,137879],{"class":71},[20,137887,137888],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137890,137891,137892,137896,137897,137901],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[210,137893,125781,137894,1474],{"href":128468},[15,137895,60116],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[210,137898,125781,137899,1474],{"href":136351},[15,137900,41236],{}," is often a better choice.",[51,137903,123428],{"id":123427},[20,137905,137906,123239],{},[15,137907,123952],{},[20,137909,126826,137910,634,137912,126833],{},[15,137911,112465],{},[15,137913,137914],{},"\"Cat\"",[56,137916,137918],{"className":58,"code":137917,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137919,137920,137933,137963,137967],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137921,137922,137924,137926,137928,137931],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137923,34265],{"class":71},[65,137925,76],{"class":75},[65,137927,499],{"class":487},[65,137929,137930],{"class":491},"Cat cat CAT",[65,137932,2925],{"class":487},[65,137934,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,137936,136],{"class":71},[65,137938,76],{"class":75},[65,137940,42425],{"class":71},[65,137942,144],{"class":79},[65,137944,34577],{"class":147},[65,137946,151],{"class":79},[65,137948,488],{"class":487},[65,137950,36627],{"class":491},[65,137952,488],{"class":487},[65,137954,87],{"class":79},[65,137956,499],{"class":487},[65,137958,57712],{"class":491},[65,137960,488],{"class":487},[65,137962,157],{"class":79},[65,137964,137965],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,137966,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,137968,137969,137971,137973,137975],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137970,164],{"class":163},[65,137972,151],{"class":79},[65,137974,169],{"class":147},[65,137976,157],{"class":79},[20,137978,350],{},[56,137980,137982],{"className":58,"code":137981,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137983,137984],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137985,137986,137989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137987,137988],{"class":71},"Cat dog ",[65,137990,137991],{"class":34030},"CAT\n",[20,137993,137994,137995,137997],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137996,112465],{}," was replaced.",[20,137999,138000],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138002,138003,138004,144],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[210,138005,125781,138006,1474],{"href":123508},[15,138007,123511],{},[51,138009,183,138011,11280],{"id":138010},"what-replace-returns",[15,138012,123952],{},[20,138014,138015,138017],{},[15,138016,123952],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138019,138020],{},"If no match is found:",[33,138022,138023,138026],{},[36,138024,138025],{},"no error happens",[36,138027,138028],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138030,267],{},[56,138032,138034],{"className":58,"code":138033,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138035,138036,138048,138078,138082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138037,138038,138040,138042,138044,138046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138039,34265],{"class":71},[65,138041,76],{"class":75},[65,138043,499],{"class":487},[65,138045,3412],{"class":491},[65,138047,2925],{"class":487},[65,138049,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138051,136],{"class":71},[65,138053,76],{"class":75},[65,138055,42425],{"class":71},[65,138057,144],{"class":79},[65,138059,34577],{"class":147},[65,138061,151],{"class":79},[65,138063,488],{"class":487},[65,138065,1742],{"class":491},[65,138067,488],{"class":487},[65,138069,87],{"class":79},[65,138071,499],{"class":487},[65,138073,11320],{"class":491},[65,138075,488],{"class":487},[65,138077,157],{"class":79},[65,138079,138080],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,138081,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,138083,138084,138086,138088,138090],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138085,164],{"class":163},[65,138087,151],{"class":79},[65,138089,169],{"class":147},[65,138091,157],{"class":79},[20,138093,350],{},[56,138095,138097],{"className":58,"code":138096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello\n",[15,138098,138099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138100,138101],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138102,138096],{"class":71},[20,138104,138105],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[56,138107,138109],{"className":58,"code":138108,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138110,138111,138123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138112,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138114,34265],{"class":71},[65,138116,76],{"class":75},[65,138118,499],{"class":487},[65,138120,59991],{"class":491},[65,138122,2925],{"class":487},[65,138124,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138126,129620],{"class":71},[65,138128,76],{"class":75},[65,138130,42425],{"class":71},[65,138132,144],{"class":79},[65,138134,34577],{"class":147},[65,138136,151],{"class":79},[65,138138,488],{"class":487},[65,138140,60176],{"class":491},[65,138142,488],{"class":487},[65,138144,87],{"class":79},[65,138146,499],{"class":487},[65,138148,6869],{"class":491},[65,138150,488],{"class":487},[65,138152,157],{"class":79},[20,138154,138155],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[56,138157,138159],{"className":58,"code":138158,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138160,138161,138173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138164,34265],{"class":71},[65,138166,76],{"class":75},[65,138168,499],{"class":487},[65,138170,59991],{"class":491},[65,138172,2925],{"class":487},[65,138174,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138176,34265],{"class":71},[65,138178,76],{"class":75},[65,138180,42425],{"class":71},[65,138182,144],{"class":79},[65,138184,34577],{"class":147},[65,138186,151],{"class":79},[65,138188,488],{"class":487},[65,138190,60176],{"class":491},[65,138192,488],{"class":487},[65,138194,87],{"class":79},[65,138196,499],{"class":487},[65,138198,6869],{"class":491},[65,138200,488],{"class":487},[65,138202,157],{"class":79},[51,138204,1109],{"id":1108},[20,138206,138207,138208,191],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138209,123952],{},[33,138211,138212,138215,138219,138222],{},[36,138213,138214],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,138216,8030,138217,131001],{},[15,138218,123952],{},[36,138220,138221],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,138223,36784,138224,138226],{},[15,138225,123952],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1286,138228,138230,138231,138233],{"id":138229},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138232,123952],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138235,138236,138237,191],{},"This does not update ",[15,138238,34286],{},[56,138240,138242],{"className":58,"code":138241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138243,138244,138256,138282],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138245,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138247,34265],{"class":71},[65,138249,76],{"class":75},[65,138251,499],{"class":487},[65,138253,137267],{"class":491},[65,138255,2925],{"class":487},[65,138257,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138259,34286],{"class":71},[65,138261,144],{"class":79},[65,138263,34577],{"class":147},[65,138265,151],{"class":79},[65,138267,488],{"class":487},[65,138269,137288],{"class":491},[65,138271,488],{"class":487},[65,138273,87],{"class":79},[65,138275,499],{"class":487},[65,138277,137297],{"class":491},[65,138279,488],{"class":487},[65,138281,157],{"class":79},[65,138283,138284,138286,138288,138290],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,138285,164],{"class":163},[65,138287,151],{"class":79},[65,138289,34286],{"class":147},[65,138291,157],{"class":79},[20,138293,350],{},[56,138295,138296],{"className":58,"code":137515,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138297,138298],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138299,138300],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138301,137515],{"class":71},[20,138303,10383],{},[56,138305,138307],{"className":58,"code":138306,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138308,138309,138321,138351],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138310,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138312,34265],{"class":71},[65,138314,76],{"class":75},[65,138316,499],{"class":487},[65,138318,137267],{"class":491},[65,138320,2925],{"class":487},[65,138322,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138324,34265],{"class":71},[65,138326,76],{"class":75},[65,138328,42425],{"class":71},[65,138330,144],{"class":79},[65,138332,34577],{"class":147},[65,138334,151],{"class":79},[65,138336,488],{"class":487},[65,138338,137288],{"class":491},[65,138340,488],{"class":487},[65,138342,87],{"class":79},[65,138344,499],{"class":487},[65,138346,137297],{"class":491},[65,138348,488],{"class":487},[65,138350,157],{"class":79},[65,138352,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,138354,164],{"class":163},[65,138356,151],{"class":79},[65,138358,34286],{"class":147},[65,138360,157],{"class":79},[20,138362,350],{},[56,138364,138365],{"className":58,"code":137316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138366,138367],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138368,138369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138370,137316],{"class":71},[1286,138372,138374],{"id":138373},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[56,138376,138378],{"className":58,"code":138377,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138379,138380,138392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138381,138382,138384,138386,138388,138390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138383,34265],{"class":71},[65,138385,76],{"class":75},[65,138387,499],{"class":487},[65,138389,34445],{"class":491},[65,138391,2925],{"class":487},[65,138393,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138395,164],{"class":163},[65,138397,151],{"class":79},[65,138399,34286],{"class":147},[65,138401,144],{"class":79},[65,138403,34577],{"class":147},[65,138405,151],{"class":79},[65,138407,488],{"class":487},[65,138409,3412],{"class":491},[65,138411,488],{"class":487},[65,138413,87],{"class":79},[65,138415,499],{"class":487},[65,138417,89517],{"class":491},[65,138419,488],{"class":487},[65,138421,1028],{"class":79},[20,138423,350],{},[56,138425,138426],{"className":58,"code":88530,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138427,138428],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138429,138430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138431,88530],{"class":71},[20,138433,138434,138435,634,138437,138439],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138436,64119],{},[15,138438,89999],{}," are not the same.",[1286,138441,138443],{"id":138442},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[56,138445,138447],{"className":58,"code":138446,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138448,138449,138462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138450,138451,138453,138455,138457,138460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138452,34265],{"class":71},[65,138454,76],{"class":75},[65,138456,499],{"class":487},[65,138458,138459],{"class":491},"red red red",[65,138461,2925],{"class":487},[65,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138465,164],{"class":163},[65,138467,151],{"class":79},[65,138469,34286],{"class":147},[65,138471,144],{"class":79},[65,138473,34577],{"class":147},[65,138475,151],{"class":79},[65,138477,488],{"class":487},[65,138479,492],{"class":491},[65,138481,488],{"class":487},[65,138483,87],{"class":79},[65,138485,499],{"class":487},[65,138487,502],{"class":491},[65,138489,488],{"class":487},[65,138491,1028],{"class":79},[20,138493,350],{},[56,138495,138497],{"className":58,"code":138496,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138498,138499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138500,138501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138502,138496],{"class":71},[20,138504,138505,138506,191],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138507,40842],{},[56,138509,138511],{"className":58,"code":138510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138512,138513,138525],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138514,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138516,34265],{"class":71},[65,138518,76],{"class":75},[65,138520,499],{"class":487},[65,138522,138459],{"class":491},[65,138524,2925],{"class":487},[65,138526,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138528,164],{"class":163},[65,138530,151],{"class":79},[65,138532,34286],{"class":147},[65,138534,144],{"class":79},[65,138536,34577],{"class":147},[65,138538,151],{"class":79},[65,138540,488],{"class":487},[65,138542,492],{"class":491},[65,138544,488],{"class":487},[65,138546,87],{"class":79},[65,138548,499],{"class":487},[65,138550,502],{"class":491},[65,138552,488],{"class":487},[65,138554,87],{"class":79},[65,138556,5066],{"class":83},[65,138558,1028],{"class":79},[20,138560,350],{},[56,138562,138564],{"className":58,"code":138563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue red red\n",[15,138565,138566],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138567,138568],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138569,138563],{"class":71},[1286,138571,138573,138574,138576],{"id":138572},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138575,123952],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138578,138579],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,138581,138582,138589,138596],{},[36,138583,1660,138584,138588],{},[210,138585,138586],{"href":128468},[15,138587,60116],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,138590,1660,138591,138595],{},[210,138592,138593],{"href":136351},[15,138594,41236],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,138597,1660,138598,138600],{},[15,138599,123952],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[51,138602,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,138604,1289,138606,124108],{"id":138605},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138607,123952],{},[20,138609,138610],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1286,138612,138614],{"id":138613},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138616,138617],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1286,138619,138621],{"id":138620},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138623,138624],{},"Use the third argument:",[56,138626,138628],{"className":58,"code":138627,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138629,138630],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138631,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138633,34286],{"class":71},[65,138635,144],{"class":79},[65,138637,34577],{"class":147},[65,138639,151],{"class":79},[65,138641,137378],{"class":147},[65,138643,87],{"class":79},[65,138645,137383],{"class":147},[65,138647,87],{"class":79},[65,138649,5066],{"class":83},[65,138651,157],{"class":79},[1286,138653,4739,138655,138657],{"id":138654},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138656,123952],{}," remove text?",[20,138659,138660],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[56,138662,138664],{"className":58,"code":138663,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138665,138666],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138669,34286],{"class":71},[65,138671,144],{"class":79},[65,138673,34577],{"class":147},[65,138675,151],{"class":79},[65,138677,488],{"class":487},[65,138679,1742],{"class":491},[65,138681,488],{"class":487},[65,138683,87],{"class":79},[65,138685,5696],{"class":487},[65,138687,157],{"class":79},[1286,138689,14478,138691,124117],{"id":138690},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138692,123952],{},[20,138694,129310],{},[51,138696,1455],{"id":1454},[33,138698,138699,138703,138709,138715,138721],{},[36,138700,138701],{},[210,138702,124187],{"href":123949},[36,138704,138705],{},[210,138706,125781,138707,1474],{"href":128468},[15,138708,60116],{},[36,138710,138711],{},[210,138712,125781,138713,1474],{"href":136351},[15,138714,41236],{},[36,138716,138717],{},[210,138718,125781,138719,1474],{"href":123508},[15,138720,123511],{},[36,138722,138723],{},[210,138724,124536],{"href":50560},[1499,138726,138727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":138729},[138730,138731,138733,138736,138737,138741,138745,138746,138748,138756,138766],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":137331,"depth":101,"text":138732},"What replace() does",{"id":4999,"depth":101,"text":5000,"children":138734},[138735],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":5355,"depth":101,"text":5356},{"id":137546,"depth":101,"text":137547,"children":138738},[138739,138740],{"id":137560,"depth":126,"text":137561},{"id":137641,"depth":126,"text":137642},{"id":137729,"depth":101,"text":137730,"children":138742},[138743,138744],{"id":137738,"depth":126,"text":137739},{"id":137814,"depth":126,"text":137815},{"id":123427,"depth":101,"text":123428},{"id":138010,"depth":101,"text":138747},"What replace() returns",{"id":1108,"depth":101,"text":1109,"children":138749},[138750,138752,138753,138754],{"id":138229,"depth":126,"text":138751},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138373,"depth":126,"text":138374},{"id":138442,"depth":126,"text":138443},{"id":138572,"depth":126,"text":138755},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":138757},[138758,138760,138761,138762,138764],{"id":138605,"depth":126,"text":138759},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138613,"depth":126,"text":138614},{"id":138620,"depth":126,"text":138621},{"id":138654,"depth":126,"text":138763},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138690,"depth":126,"text":138765},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137216,"description":138767},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138774,"title":138775,"body":138776,"description":140795,"extension":1528,"meta":140796,"navigation":129,"path":140797,"seo":140798,"stem":140799,"__hash__":140800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138777,"toc":140759},[138778,138783,138788,138791,138802,138804,138859,138864,138869,138876,138878,138893,138895,138951,138953,138991,138996,138998,139022,139025,139038,139043,139045,139077,139079,139112,139118,139123,139126,139136,139139,139141,139197,139199,139249,139252,139260,139263,139319,139321,139394,139407,139415,139419,139430,139433,139436,139489,139491,139523,139526,139580,139582,139617,139620,139625,139630,139635,139638,139640,139698,139700,139734,139736,139751,139754,139756,139798,139800,139826,139831,139839,139842,139844,139926,139928,139979,139982,139993,140001,140003,140076,140078,140096,140100,140103,140107,140134,140136,140144,140148,140183,140185,140198,140202,140205,140244,140246,140263,140268,140273,140284,140287,140298,140300,140302,140328,140331,140380,140382,140399,140402,140404,140456,140458,140490,140493,140551,140556,140558,140563,140666,140668,140682,140684,140691,140696,140701,140706,140711,140716,140719,140723,140728,140730,140756],[10,138779,122781,138781,18],{"id":138780},"python-string-split-method",[15,138782,60116],{},[20,138784,122786,138785,138787],{},[15,138786,60116],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138789,138790],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,138792,138793,138796,138799],{},[36,138794,138795],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,138797,138798],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,138800,138801],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[51,138803,1570],{"id":1569},[56,138805,138807],{"className":58,"code":138806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138808,138809,138822,138844,138854],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138810,138811,138813,138815,138817,138820],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138812,34265],{"class":71},[65,138814,76],{"class":75},[65,138816,499],{"class":487},[65,138818,138819],{"class":491},"apple,banana,cherry",[65,138821,2925],{"class":487},[65,138823,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138825,42420],{"class":71},[65,138827,76],{"class":75},[65,138829,42425],{"class":71},[65,138831,144],{"class":79},[65,138833,34046],{"class":147},[65,138835,151],{"class":79},[65,138837,488],{"class":487},[65,138839,87],{"class":491},[65,138841,488],{"class":487},[65,138843,157],{"class":79},[65,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,138847,164],{"class":163},[65,138849,151],{"class":79},[65,138851,42452],{"class":147},[65,138853,157],{"class":79},[65,138855,138856],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138857,138858],{"class":175},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138860,1660,138861,138863],{},[15,138862,60116],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[51,138865,183,138867,186],{"id":138866},"what-split-does",[15,138868,60116],{},[20,138870,138871,131829,138873,144],{},[15,138872,60116],{},[43,138874,138875],{},"string method",[20,138877,48512],{},[33,138879,138880,138883,138888],{},[36,138881,138882],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,138884,119083,138885],{},[43,138886,138887],{},"new list of strings",[36,138889,119089,138890,138892],{},[43,138891,45],{}," change the original string",[20,138894,267],{},[56,138896,138898],{"className":58,"code":138897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138899,138900,138913,138927,138931,138941],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138901,138902,138904,138906,138908,138911],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138903,34265],{"class":71},[65,138905,76],{"class":75},[65,138907,499],{"class":487},[65,138909,138910],{"class":491},"red blue green",[65,138912,2925],{"class":487},[65,138914,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138916,42420],{"class":71},[65,138918,76],{"class":75},[65,138920,42425],{"class":71},[65,138922,144],{"class":79},[65,138924,34046],{"class":147},[65,138926,8220],{"class":79},[65,138928,138929],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,138930,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,138932,138933,138935,138937,138939],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138934,164],{"class":163},[65,138936,151],{"class":79},[65,138938,34286],{"class":147},[65,138940,157],{"class":79},[65,138942,138943,138945,138947,138949],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,138944,164],{"class":163},[65,138946,151],{"class":79},[65,138948,42452],{"class":147},[65,138950,157],{"class":79},[20,138952,350],{},[56,138954,138956],{"className":58,"code":138955,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138957,138958,138963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138959,138960],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138961,138962],{"class":71},"red blue green\n",[65,138964,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,138966,3469],{"class":79},[65,138968,594],{"class":487},[65,138970,492],{"class":491},[65,138972,594],{"class":487},[65,138974,87],{"class":79},[65,138976,603],{"class":487},[65,138978,502],{"class":491},[65,138980,594],{"class":487},[65,138982,87],{"class":79},[65,138984,603],{"class":487},[65,138986,511],{"class":491},[65,138988,594],{"class":487},[65,138990,1352],{"class":79},[20,138992,138993,138994,144],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[210,138995,124536],{"href":50560},[51,138997,222],{"id":221},[56,138999,139001],{"className":58,"code":139000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139002,139003],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139004,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017,139020],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139006,60759],{"class":71},[65,139008,144],{"class":79},[65,139010,34046],{"class":147},[65,139012,151],{"class":79},[65,139014,133185],{"class":147},[65,139016,87],{"class":79},[65,139018,139019],{"class":147}," maxsplit",[65,139021,157],{"class":79},[20,139023,139024],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,139026,139027,139032],{},[36,139028,139029,139031],{},[15,139030,133185],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,139033,139034,139037],{},[15,139035,139036],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139039,8453,139040,139042],{},[15,139041,133185],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139044,267],{},[56,139046,139048],{"className":58,"code":139047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139049,139050,139063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139051,139052,139054,139056,139058,139061],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139053,34265],{"class":71},[65,139055,76],{"class":75},[65,139057,499],{"class":487},[65,139059,139060],{"class":491},"one two three",[65,139062,2925],{"class":487},[65,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139066,164],{"class":163},[65,139068,151],{"class":79},[65,139070,34286],{"class":147},[65,139072,144],{"class":79},[65,139074,34046],{"class":147},[65,139076,6766],{"class":79},[20,139078,350],{},[56,139080,139082],{"className":58,"code":139081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139083,139084],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139087,3469],{"class":79},[65,139089,594],{"class":487},[65,139091,6156],{"class":491},[65,139093,594],{"class":487},[65,139095,87],{"class":79},[65,139097,603],{"class":487},[65,139099,78855],{"class":491},[65,139101,594],{"class":487},[65,139103,87],{"class":79},[65,139105,603],{"class":487},[65,139107,133667],{"class":491},[65,139109,594],{"class":487},[65,139111,1352],{"class":79},[51,139113,7994,139115,139117],{"id":139114},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139116,60116],{}," with no separator",[20,139119,69758,139120,139122],{},[15,139121,60116],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139124,139125],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,139127,139128,139130,139133],{},[36,139129,10029],{},[36,139131,139132],{},"tabs",[36,139134,139135],{},"new lines",[20,139137,139138],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139140,267],{},[56,139142,139144],{"className":58,"code":139143,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139145,139146,139169,139183,139187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139147,139148,139150,139152,139154,139157,139160,139162,139164,139167],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139149,34265],{"class":71},[65,139151,76],{"class":75},[65,139153,499],{"class":487},[65,139155,139156],{"class":491},"Python   is",[65,139158,139159],{"class":34030},"\\t",[65,139161,132921],{"class":491},[65,139163,86734],{"class":34030},[65,139165,139166],{"class":491},"and useful",[65,139168,2925],{"class":487},[65,139170,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139172,42420],{"class":71},[65,139174,76],{"class":75},[65,139176,42425],{"class":71},[65,139178,144],{"class":79},[65,139180,34046],{"class":147},[65,139182,8220],{"class":79},[65,139184,139185],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139186,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139188,139189,139191,139193,139195],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139190,164],{"class":163},[65,139192,151],{"class":79},[65,139194,42452],{"class":147},[65,139196,157],{"class":79},[20,139198,350],{},[56,139200,139202],{"className":58,"code":139201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139203,139204],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139205,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242,139245,139247],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139207,3469],{"class":79},[65,139209,594],{"class":487},[65,139211,6869],{"class":491},[65,139213,594],{"class":487},[65,139215,87],{"class":79},[65,139217,603],{"class":487},[65,139219,11769],{"class":491},[65,139221,594],{"class":487},[65,139223,87],{"class":79},[65,139225,603],{"class":487},[65,139227,132921],{"class":491},[65,139229,594],{"class":487},[65,139231,87],{"class":79},[65,139233,603],{"class":487},[65,139235,129546],{"class":491},[65,139237,594],{"class":487},[65,139239,87],{"class":79},[65,139241,603],{"class":487},[65,139243,139244],{"class":491},"useful",[65,139246,594],{"class":487},[65,139248,1352],{"class":79},[20,139250,139251],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1286,139253,139255,657,139257],{"id":139254},"split-vs-split",[15,139256,60116],{},[15,139258,139259],{},"split(' ')",[20,139261,139262],{},"These are not the same.",[56,139264,139266],{"className":58,"code":139265,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139267,139268,139281,139285,139299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139269,139270,139272,139274,139276,139279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139271,34265],{"class":71},[65,139273,76],{"class":75},[65,139275,499],{"class":487},[65,139277,139278],{"class":491},"a  b   c",[65,139280,2925],{"class":487},[65,139282,139283],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139284,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139286,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139288,164],{"class":163},[65,139290,151],{"class":79},[65,139292,34286],{"class":147},[65,139294,144],{"class":79},[65,139296,34046],{"class":147},[65,139298,6766],{"class":79},[65,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139302,164],{"class":163},[65,139304,151],{"class":79},[65,139306,34286],{"class":147},[65,139308,144],{"class":79},[65,139310,34046],{"class":147},[65,139312,151],{"class":79},[65,139314,488],{"class":487},[65,139316,499],{"class":487},[65,139318,1028],{"class":79},[20,139320,350],{},[56,139322,139324],{"className":58,"code":139323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139325,139326,139354],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139327,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139329,3469],{"class":79},[65,139331,594],{"class":487},[65,139333,210],{"class":491},[65,139335,594],{"class":487},[65,139337,87],{"class":79},[65,139339,603],{"class":487},[65,139341,154],{"class":491},[65,139343,594],{"class":487},[65,139345,87],{"class":79},[65,139347,603],{"class":487},[65,139349,9317],{"class":491},[65,139351,594],{"class":487},[65,139353,1352],{"class":79},[65,139355,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139357,3469],{"class":79},[65,139359,594],{"class":487},[65,139361,210],{"class":491},[65,139363,594],{"class":487},[65,139365,87],{"class":79},[65,139367,3405],{"class":487},[65,139369,87],{"class":79},[65,139371,603],{"class":487},[65,139373,154],{"class":491},[65,139375,594],{"class":487},[65,139377,87],{"class":79},[65,139379,3405],{"class":487},[65,139381,87],{"class":79},[65,139383,3405],{"class":487},[65,139385,87],{"class":79},[65,139387,603],{"class":487},[65,139389,9317],{"class":491},[65,139391,594],{"class":487},[65,139393,1352],{"class":79},[33,139395,139396,139401],{},[36,139397,139398,139400],{},[15,139399,60116],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,139402,139403,139406],{},[15,139404,139405],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139408,139409,139410,139414],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[210,139411,125781,139412,1474],{"href":136351},[15,139413,41236],{}," is often useful.",[51,139416,139418],{"id":139417},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139420,139421,139422,1491,139425,1761,139427,144],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139423,139424],{},"\",\"",[15,139426,133020],{},[15,139428,139429],{},"\"::\"",[20,139431,139432],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139434,139435],{},"Example with commas:",[56,139437,139439],{"className":58,"code":139438,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139440,139441,139453,139475,139479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139442,139443,139445,139447,139449,139451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139444,34265],{"class":71},[65,139446,76],{"class":75},[65,139448,499],{"class":487},[65,139450,138819],{"class":491},[65,139452,2925],{"class":487},[65,139454,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139456,42420],{"class":71},[65,139458,76],{"class":75},[65,139460,42425],{"class":71},[65,139462,144],{"class":79},[65,139464,34046],{"class":147},[65,139466,151],{"class":79},[65,139468,488],{"class":487},[65,139470,87],{"class":491},[65,139472,488],{"class":487},[65,139474,157],{"class":79},[65,139476,139477],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139478,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139480,139481,139483,139485,139487],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139482,164],{"class":163},[65,139484,151],{"class":79},[65,139486,42452],{"class":147},[65,139488,157],{"class":79},[20,139490,350],{},[56,139492,139493],{"className":58,"code":78034,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,139494,139495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139496,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139498,3469],{"class":79},[65,139500,594],{"class":487},[65,139502,3648],{"class":491},[65,139504,594],{"class":487},[65,139506,87],{"class":79},[65,139508,603],{"class":487},[65,139510,3657],{"class":491},[65,139512,594],{"class":487},[65,139514,87],{"class":79},[65,139516,603],{"class":487},[65,139518,3666],{"class":491},[65,139520,594],{"class":487},[65,139522,1352],{"class":79},[20,139524,139525],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[56,139527,139529],{"className":58,"code":139528,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139530,139531,139544,139566,139570],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139532,139533,139535,139537,139539,139542],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139534,34265],{"class":71},[65,139536,76],{"class":75},[65,139538,499],{"class":487},[65,139540,139541],{"class":491},"2024::10::31",[65,139543,2925],{"class":487},[65,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139547,42420],{"class":71},[65,139549,76],{"class":75},[65,139551,42425],{"class":71},[65,139553,144],{"class":79},[65,139555,34046],{"class":147},[65,139557,151],{"class":79},[65,139559,488],{"class":487},[65,139561,76251],{"class":491},[65,139563,488],{"class":487},[65,139565,157],{"class":79},[65,139567,139568],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139569,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139571,139572,139574,139576,139578],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139573,164],{"class":163},[65,139575,151],{"class":79},[65,139577,42452],{"class":147},[65,139579,157],{"class":79},[20,139581,350],{},[56,139583,139585],{"className":58,"code":139584,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139586,139587],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139588,139589,139591,139593,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139613,139615],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139590,3469],{"class":79},[65,139592,594],{"class":487},[65,139594,139595],{"class":491},"2024",[65,139597,594],{"class":487},[65,139599,87],{"class":79},[65,139601,603],{"class":487},[65,139603,1898],{"class":491},[65,139605,594],{"class":487},[65,139607,87],{"class":79},[65,139609,603],{"class":487},[65,139611,139612],{"class":491},"31",[65,139614,594],{"class":487},[65,139616,1352],{"class":79},[20,139618,139619],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139621,139622,139623,144],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[210,139624,128465],{"href":128464},[51,139626,7994,139628],{"id":139627},"using-maxsplit",[15,139629,139036],{},[20,139631,139632,139634],{},[15,139633,139036],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139636,139637],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139639,267],{},[56,139641,139643],{"className":58,"code":139642,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139644,139645,139658,139684,139688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139646,139647,139649,139651,139653,139656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139648,34265],{"class":71},[65,139650,76],{"class":75},[65,139652,499],{"class":487},[65,139654,139655],{"class":491},"name:age:city:country",[65,139657,2925],{"class":487},[65,139659,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139661,42420],{"class":71},[65,139663,76],{"class":75},[65,139665,42425],{"class":71},[65,139667,144],{"class":79},[65,139669,34046],{"class":147},[65,139671,151],{"class":79},[65,139673,488],{"class":487},[65,139675,191],{"class":491},[65,139677,488],{"class":487},[65,139679,87],{"class":79},[65,139681,90],{"class":83},[65,139683,157],{"class":79},[65,139685,139686],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139687,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139689,139690,139692,139694,139696],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139691,164],{"class":163},[65,139693,151],{"class":79},[65,139695,42452],{"class":147},[65,139697,157],{"class":79},[20,139699,350],{},[56,139701,139703],{"className":58,"code":139702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139704,139705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139706,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139730,139732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139708,3469],{"class":79},[65,139710,594],{"class":487},[65,139712,7241],{"class":491},[65,139714,594],{"class":487},[65,139716,87],{"class":79},[65,139718,603],{"class":487},[65,139720,8877],{"class":491},[65,139722,594],{"class":487},[65,139724,87],{"class":79},[65,139726,603],{"class":487},[65,139728,139729],{"class":491},"city:country",[65,139731,594],{"class":487},[65,139733,1352],{"class":79},[20,139735,1747],{},[33,139737,139738,139743,139748],{},[36,139739,139740,139741],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139742,191],{},[36,139744,139745,139746],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139747,191],{},[36,139749,139750],{},"then stops",[20,139752,139753],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139755,51665],{},[56,139757,139759],{"className":58,"code":139758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139760,139761,139774],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139762,139763,139765,139767,139769,139772],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139764,34265],{"class":71},[65,139766,76],{"class":75},[65,139768,499],{"class":487},[65,139770,139771],{"class":491},"apple banana cherry grape",[65,139773,2925],{"class":487},[65,139775,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139777,164],{"class":163},[65,139779,151],{"class":79},[65,139781,34286],{"class":147},[65,139783,144],{"class":79},[65,139785,34046],{"class":147},[65,139787,151],{"class":79},[65,139789,488],{"class":487},[65,139791,499],{"class":487},[65,139793,87],{"class":79},[65,139795,5066],{"class":83},[65,139797,1028],{"class":79},[20,139799,350],{},[56,139801,139803],{"className":58,"code":139802,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139804,139805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139806,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139822,139824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139808,3469],{"class":79},[65,139810,594],{"class":487},[65,139812,3648],{"class":491},[65,139814,594],{"class":487},[65,139816,87],{"class":79},[65,139818,603],{"class":487},[65,139820,139821],{"class":491},"banana cherry grape",[65,139823,594],{"class":487},[65,139825,1352],{"class":79},[51,139827,183,139829,11280],{"id":139828},"what-split-returns",[15,139830,60116],{},[20,139832,139833,139834,139836,139837,144],{},"The result of ",[15,139835,60116],{}," is always a ",[43,139838,7669],{},[20,139840,139841],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139843,267],{},[56,139845,139847],{"className":58,"code":139846,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139848,139849,139862,139884,139888,139898,139912],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139850,139851,139853,139855,139857,139860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139852,34265],{"class":71},[65,139854,76],{"class":75},[65,139856,499],{"class":487},[65,139858,139859],{"class":491},"cat,dog,bird",[65,139861,2925],{"class":487},[65,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139865,42420],{"class":71},[65,139867,76],{"class":75},[65,139869,42425],{"class":71},[65,139871,144],{"class":79},[65,139873,34046],{"class":147},[65,139875,151],{"class":79},[65,139877,488],{"class":487},[65,139879,87],{"class":491},[65,139881,488],{"class":487},[65,139883,157],{"class":79},[65,139885,139886],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139887,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,139889,139890,139892,139894,139896],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139891,164],{"class":163},[65,139893,151],{"class":79},[65,139895,42452],{"class":147},[65,139897,157],{"class":79},[65,139899,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,139901,164],{"class":163},[65,139903,151],{"class":79},[65,139905,1260],{"class":1259},[65,139907,151],{"class":79},[65,139909,42452],{"class":147},[65,139911,1028],{"class":79},[65,139913,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,139915,164],{"class":163},[65,139917,151],{"class":79},[65,139919,42452],{"class":147},[65,139921,3469],{"class":79},[65,139923,1688],{"class":83},[65,139925,3457],{"class":79},[20,139927,350],{},[56,139929,139931],{"className":58,"code":139930,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139932,139933,139961,139975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139934,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139936,3469],{"class":79},[65,139938,594],{"class":487},[65,139940,36627],{"class":491},[65,139942,594],{"class":487},[65,139944,87],{"class":79},[65,139946,603],{"class":487},[65,139948,57712],{"class":491},[65,139950,594],{"class":487},[65,139952,87],{"class":79},[65,139954,603],{"class":487},[65,139956,57729],{"class":491},[65,139958,594],{"class":487},[65,139960,1352],{"class":79},[65,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,139964,2857],{"class":75},[65,139966,2860],{"class":1632},[65,139968,603],{"class":487},[65,139970,7669],{"class":491},[65,139972,594],{"class":487},[65,139974,2869],{"class":75},[65,139976,139977],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,139978,85050],{"class":71},[20,139980,139981],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,139983,139984,139987,139990],{},[36,139985,139986],{},"loop over it",[36,139988,139989],{},"access items by index",[36,139991,139992],{},"combine items again later",[20,139994,139995,139996,144],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[210,139997,125781,139999,1474],{"href":139998},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140000,132863],{},[20,140002,267],{},[56,140004,140006],{"className":58,"code":140005,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140007,140008,140040,140062,140066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140009,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140011,42420],{"class":71},[65,140013,76],{"class":75},[65,140015,1339],{"class":79},[65,140017,594],{"class":487},[65,140019,36627],{"class":491},[65,140021,594],{"class":487},[65,140023,87],{"class":79},[65,140025,603],{"class":487},[65,140027,57712],{"class":491},[65,140029,594],{"class":487},[65,140031,87],{"class":79},[65,140033,603],{"class":487},[65,140035,57729],{"class":491},[65,140037,594],{"class":487},[65,140039,1352],{"class":79},[65,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140043,34265],{"class":71},[65,140045,76],{"class":75},[65,140047,499],{"class":487},[65,140049,1589],{"class":491},[65,140051,488],{"class":487},[65,140053,144],{"class":79},[65,140055,132940],{"class":147},[65,140057,151],{"class":79},[65,140059,42452],{"class":147},[65,140061,157],{"class":79},[65,140063,140064],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140065,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140067,140068,140070,140072,140074],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140069,164],{"class":163},[65,140071,151],{"class":79},[65,140073,34286],{"class":147},[65,140075,157],{"class":79},[20,140077,350],{},[56,140079,140081],{"className":58,"code":140080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140082,140083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140084,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140086,36627],{"class":71},[65,140088,1589],{"class":75},[65,140090,57712],{"class":71},[65,140092,1589],{"class":75},[65,140094,140095],{"class":71},"bird\n",[51,140097,140099],{"id":140098},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140101,140102],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1286,140104,140106],{"id":140105},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[56,140108,140110],{"className":58,"code":140109,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140111,140112,140120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140113,140114,140116,140118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140115,34265],{"class":71},[65,140117,76],{"class":75},[65,140119,7456],{"class":487},[65,140121,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140123,164],{"class":163},[65,140125,151],{"class":79},[65,140127,34286],{"class":147},[65,140129,144],{"class":79},[65,140131,34046],{"class":147},[65,140133,6766],{"class":79},[20,140135,350],{},[56,140137,140138],{"className":58,"code":37878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140139,140140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140141,140142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140143,37878],{"class":79},[1286,140145,140147],{"id":140146},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[56,140149,140151],{"className":58,"code":140150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140152,140153,140161],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140154,140155,140157,140159],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140156,34265],{"class":71},[65,140158,76],{"class":75},[65,140160,7456],{"class":487},[65,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140164,164],{"class":163},[65,140166,151],{"class":79},[65,140168,34286],{"class":147},[65,140170,144],{"class":79},[65,140172,34046],{"class":147},[65,140174,151],{"class":79},[65,140176,488],{"class":487},[65,140178,87],{"class":491},[65,140180,488],{"class":487},[65,140182,1028],{"class":79},[20,140184,350],{},[56,140186,140188],{"className":58,"code":140187,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['']\n",[15,140189,140190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140191,140192,140194,140196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140193,3469],{"class":79},[65,140195,3339],{"class":487},[65,140197,1352],{"class":79},[1286,140199,140201],{"id":140200},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140203,140204],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[56,140206,140208],{"className":58,"code":140207,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140209,140210,140222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140211,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140213,34265],{"class":71},[65,140215,76],{"class":75},[65,140217,499],{"class":487},[65,140219,3412],{"class":491},[65,140221,2925],{"class":487},[65,140223,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140225,164],{"class":163},[65,140227,151],{"class":79},[65,140229,34286],{"class":147},[65,140231,144],{"class":79},[65,140233,34046],{"class":147},[65,140235,151],{"class":79},[65,140237,488],{"class":487},[65,140239,87],{"class":491},[65,140241,488],{"class":487},[65,140243,1028],{"class":79},[20,140245,350],{},[56,140247,140249],{"className":58,"code":140248,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['hello']\n",[15,140250,140251],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140252,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140254,3469],{"class":79},[65,140256,594],{"class":487},[65,140258,3412],{"class":491},[65,140260,594],{"class":487},[65,140262,1352],{"class":79},[51,140264,4529,140266],{"id":140265},"when-to-use-split",[15,140267,60116],{},[20,140269,1660,140270,140272],{},[15,140271,60116],{}," when you need to:",[33,140274,140275,140278,140281],{},[36,140276,140277],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,140279,140280],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,140282,140283],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140285,140286],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,140288,140289,140292,140295],{},[36,140290,140291],{},"cleaning text",[36,140293,140294],{},"parsing user input",[36,140296,140297],{},"processing simple file content",[51,140299,2396],{"id":2395},[20,140301,83821],{},[33,140303,140304,140308,140314,140317,140325],{},[36,140305,50090,140306,131001],{},[15,140307,60116],{},[36,140309,140310,140311,140313],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140312,60116],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,140315,140316],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,140318,140319,140320,140322,140323],{},"assuming ",[15,140321,139259],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140324,60116],{},[36,140326,140327],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140329,140330],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[56,140332,140334],{"className":58,"code":140333,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140335,140336,140348,140366,140370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140337,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140339,34265],{"class":71},[65,140341,76],{"class":75},[65,140343,499],{"class":487},[65,140345,42413],{"class":491},[65,140347,2925],{"class":487},[65,140349,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140351,34286],{"class":71},[65,140353,144],{"class":79},[65,140355,34046],{"class":147},[65,140357,151],{"class":79},[65,140359,488],{"class":487},[65,140361,87],{"class":491},[65,140363,488],{"class":487},[65,140365,157],{"class":79},[65,140367,140368],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140369,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140373,164],{"class":163},[65,140375,151],{"class":79},[65,140377,34286],{"class":147},[65,140379,157],{"class":79},[20,140381,350],{},[56,140383,140385],{"className":58,"code":140384,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a,b,c\n",[15,140386,140387],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140388,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140390,210],{"class":71},[65,140392,87],{"class":79},[65,140394,154],{"class":71},[65,140396,87],{"class":79},[65,140398,68830],{"class":71},[20,140400,140401],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140403,10383],{},[56,140405,140406],{"className":58,"code":42400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140407,140408,140420,140442,140446],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140409,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140411,34265],{"class":71},[65,140413,76],{"class":75},[65,140415,499],{"class":487},[65,140417,42413],{"class":491},[65,140419,2925],{"class":487},[65,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140423,42420],{"class":71},[65,140425,76],{"class":75},[65,140427,42425],{"class":71},[65,140429,144],{"class":79},[65,140431,34046],{"class":147},[65,140433,151],{"class":79},[65,140435,488],{"class":487},[65,140437,87],{"class":491},[65,140439,488],{"class":487},[65,140441,157],{"class":79},[65,140443,140444],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140445,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140447,140448,140450,140452,140454],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140449,164],{"class":163},[65,140451,151],{"class":79},[65,140453,42452],{"class":147},[65,140455,157],{"class":79},[20,140457,350],{},[56,140459,140460],{"className":58,"code":42459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140461,140462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140465,3469],{"class":79},[65,140467,594],{"class":487},[65,140469,210],{"class":491},[65,140471,594],{"class":487},[65,140473,87],{"class":79},[65,140475,603],{"class":487},[65,140477,154],{"class":491},[65,140479,594],{"class":487},[65,140481,87],{"class":79},[65,140483,603],{"class":487},[65,140485,9317],{"class":491},[65,140487,594],{"class":487},[65,140489,1352],{"class":79},[20,140491,140492],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[56,140494,140496],{"className":58,"code":140495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140497,140498,140511,140533,140537],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140501,34265],{"class":71},[65,140503,76],{"class":75},[65,140505,499],{"class":487},[65,140507,140508],{"class":491},"apple,banana",[65,140510,2925],{"class":487},[65,140512,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140514,42420],{"class":71},[65,140516,76],{"class":75},[65,140518,42425],{"class":71},[65,140520,144],{"class":79},[65,140522,34046],{"class":147},[65,140524,151],{"class":79},[65,140526,488],{"class":487},[65,140528,87],{"class":491},[65,140530,488],{"class":487},[65,140532,157],{"class":79},[65,140534,140535],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140536,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140538,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140540,164],{"class":163},[65,140542,151],{"class":79},[65,140544,42452],{"class":147},[65,140546,3469],{"class":79},[65,140548,1624],{"class":83},[65,140550,3457],{"class":79},[20,140552,140553,140554,144],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[210,140555,68843],{"href":68842},[1286,140557,60295],{"id":60294},[20,140559,8453,140560,140562],{},[15,140561,60116],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[56,140564,140566],{"className":58,"code":140565,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140567,140568,140578,140592,140614,140640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140569,140570,140572,140574,140576],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140571,164],{"class":163},[65,140573,151],{"class":79},[65,140575,34286],{"class":147},[65,140577,157],{"class":79},[65,140579,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140581,164],{"class":163},[65,140583,151],{"class":79},[65,140585,34286],{"class":147},[65,140587,144],{"class":79},[65,140589,34046],{"class":147},[65,140591,6766],{"class":79},[65,140593,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140595,164],{"class":163},[65,140597,151],{"class":79},[65,140599,34286],{"class":147},[65,140601,144],{"class":79},[65,140603,34046],{"class":147},[65,140605,151],{"class":79},[65,140607,594],{"class":487},[65,140609,87],{"class":491},[65,140611,594],{"class":487},[65,140613,1028],{"class":79},[65,140615,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140617,164],{"class":163},[65,140619,151],{"class":79},[65,140621,10737],{"class":163},[65,140623,151],{"class":79},[65,140625,34286],{"class":147},[65,140627,144],{"class":79},[65,140629,34046],{"class":147},[65,140631,151],{"class":79},[65,140633,594],{"class":487},[65,140635,87],{"class":491},[65,140637,594],{"class":487},[65,140639,2478],{"class":79},[65,140641,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,140643,164],{"class":163},[65,140645,151],{"class":79},[65,140647,1260],{"class":1259},[65,140649,151],{"class":79},[65,140651,34286],{"class":147},[65,140653,144],{"class":79},[65,140655,34046],{"class":147},[65,140657,151],{"class":79},[65,140659,594],{"class":487},[65,140661,87],{"class":491},[65,140663,594],{"class":487},[65,140665,2478],{"class":79},[20,140667,10746],{},[33,140669,140670,140673,140676,140679],{},[36,140671,140672],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,140674,140675],{},"which separator works",[36,140677,140678],{},"how many items were created",[36,140680,140681],{},"that the result is a list",[51,140683,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,140685,1299,140687,634,140689,1304],{"id":140686},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140688,60116],{},[15,140690,139259],{},[20,140692,140693,140695],{},[15,140694,60116],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140697,140698,140700],{},[15,140699,139259],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1286,140702,1289,140704,124108],{"id":140703},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140705,60116],{},[20,140707,140708,140709,56065],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140710,60116],{},[1286,140712,4711,140714,39542],{"id":140713},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140715,139036],{},[20,140717,140718],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1286,140720,140722],{"id":140721},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140724,28636,140725,140727],{},[15,140726,60116],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[51,140729,1455],{"id":1454},[33,140731,140732,140736,140742,140748,140752],{},[36,140733,140734],{},[210,140735,129386],{"href":128464},[36,140737,140738],{},[210,140739,125781,140740,1474],{"href":139998},[15,140741,132863],{},[36,140743,140744],{},[210,140745,125781,140746,1474],{"href":136351},[15,140747,41236],{},[36,140749,140750],{},[210,140751,124536],{"href":50560},[36,140753,140754],{},[210,140755,68843],{"href":68842},[1499,140757,140758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":140760},[140761,140762,140764,140765,140770,140771,140773,140775,140780,140782,140785,140794],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":138866,"depth":101,"text":140763},"What split() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":139114,"depth":101,"text":140766,"children":140767},"Using split() with no separator",[140768],{"id":139254,"depth":126,"text":140769},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139417,"depth":101,"text":139418},{"id":139627,"depth":101,"text":140772},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139828,"depth":101,"text":140774},"What split() returns",{"id":140098,"depth":101,"text":140099,"children":140776},[140777,140778,140779],{"id":140105,"depth":126,"text":140106},{"id":140146,"depth":126,"text":140147},{"id":140200,"depth":126,"text":140201},{"id":140265,"depth":101,"text":140781},"When to use split()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":140783},[140784],{"id":60294,"depth":126,"text":60295},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":140786},[140787,140789,140791,140793],{"id":140686,"depth":126,"text":140788},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140703,"depth":126,"text":140790},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140713,"depth":126,"text":140792},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140721,"depth":126,"text":140722},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138775,"description":140795},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140802,"title":140803,"body":140804,"description":142747,"extension":1528,"meta":142748,"navigation":129,"path":142749,"seo":142750,"stem":142751,"__hash__":142752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140805,"toc":142706},[140806,140811,140816,140823,140896,140901,140906,140911,140927,140929,140999,141001,141003,141023,141025,141070,141075,141077,141175,141180,141184,141189,141193,141196,141238,141242,141245,141290,141294,141297,141347,141351,141356,141408,141410,141415,141426,141431,141511,141513,141525,141534,141541,141556,141558,141673,141679,141683,141686,141691,141833,141836,141843,141845,141849,141857,141926,141932,141981,141986,141991,141993,142013,142015,142081,142083,142087,142090,142094,142135,142137,142170,142175,142178,142205,142207,142250,142257,142262,142272,142338,142342,142350,142355,142406,142410,142413,142415,142424,142426,142476,142478,142585,142587,142592,142599,142605,142608,142639,142644,142646,142653,142661,142670,142673,142675,142703],[10,140807,122781,140809,18],{"id":140808},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140810,127149],{},[20,140812,122786,140813,140815],{},[15,140814,127149],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140817,125847,140818,214,140820,140822],{},[15,140819,3172],{},[15,140821,3240],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[56,140824,140826],{"className":58,"code":140825,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140827,140828,140841,140845,140870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140829,140830,140832,140834,140836,140839],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140831,34265],{"class":71},[65,140833,76],{"class":75},[65,140835,499],{"class":487},[65,140837,140838],{"class":491},"Python Beginner Help",[65,140840,2925],{"class":487},[65,140842,140843],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140844,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140846,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140848,164],{"class":163},[65,140850,151],{"class":79},[65,140852,34286],{"class":147},[65,140854,144],{"class":79},[65,140856,140857],{"class":147},"startswith",[65,140859,151],{"class":79},[65,140861,488],{"class":487},[65,140863,6869],{"class":491},[65,140865,488],{"class":487},[65,140867,758],{"class":79},[65,140869,43439],{"class":175},[65,140871,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884,140886,140889,140891,140893],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140873,164],{"class":163},[65,140875,151],{"class":79},[65,140877,34286],{"class":147},[65,140879,144],{"class":79},[65,140881,140857],{"class":147},[65,140883,151],{"class":79},[65,140885,488],{"class":487},[65,140887,140888],{"class":491},"Beginner",[65,140890,488],{"class":487},[65,140892,758],{"class":79},[65,140894,140895],{"class":175}," # False\n",[20,140897,1660,140898,140900],{},[15,140899,127149],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[51,140902,183,140904,186],{"id":140903},"what-startswith-does",[15,140905,127149],{},[20,140907,140908,140910],{},[15,140909,127149],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,140912,140913,140916,140922,140924],{},[36,140914,140915],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,140917,4717,140918,214,140920],{},[15,140919,3172],{},[15,140921,3240],{},[36,140923,122924],{},[36,140925,140926],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140928,267],{},[56,140930,140932],{"className":58,"code":140931,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140933,140934,140946,140950,140975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140935,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140937,7451],{"class":71},[65,140939,76],{"class":75},[65,140941,499],{"class":487},[65,140943,6869],{"class":491},[65,140945,2925],{"class":487},[65,140947,140948],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,140949,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,140951,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140969,140971,140973],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,140953,164],{"class":163},[65,140955,151],{"class":79},[65,140957,7241],{"class":147},[65,140959,144],{"class":79},[65,140961,140857],{"class":147},[65,140963,151],{"class":79},[65,140965,488],{"class":487},[65,140967,140968],{"class":491},"Py",[65,140970,488],{"class":487},[65,140972,758],{"class":79},[65,140974,43439],{"class":175},[65,140976,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140978,164],{"class":163},[65,140980,151],{"class":79},[65,140982,7241],{"class":147},[65,140984,144],{"class":79},[65,140986,140857],{"class":147},[65,140988,151],{"class":79},[65,140990,488],{"class":487},[65,140992,128227],{"class":491},[65,140994,488],{"class":487},[65,140996,758],{"class":79},[65,140998,43456],{"class":175},[51,141000,222],{"id":221},[20,141002,41968],{},[56,141004,141006],{"className":58,"code":141005,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141007,141008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141009,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141021],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141011,60759],{"class":71},[65,141013,144],{"class":79},[65,141015,140857],{"class":147},[65,141017,151],{"class":79},[65,141019,141020],{"class":147},"prefix",[65,141022,157],{"class":79},[20,141024,30339],{},[56,141026,141028],{"className":58,"code":141027,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141029,141030,141048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141031,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141033,60759],{"class":71},[65,141035,144],{"class":79},[65,141037,140857],{"class":147},[65,141039,151],{"class":79},[65,141041,141020],{"class":147},[65,141043,87],{"class":79},[65,141045,35631],{"class":147},[65,141047,157],{"class":79},[65,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141051,60759],{"class":71},[65,141053,144],{"class":79},[65,141055,140857],{"class":147},[65,141057,151],{"class":79},[65,141059,141020],{"class":147},[65,141061,87],{"class":79},[65,141063,35631],{"class":147},[65,141065,87],{"class":79},[65,141067,64625],{"class":147},[65,141069,157],{"class":79},[20,141071,20346,141072,141074],{},[15,141073,141020],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141076,267],{},[56,141078,141080],{"className":58,"code":141079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141081,141082,141094,141098,141123,141147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141083,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141085,34265],{"class":71},[65,141087,76],{"class":75},[65,141089,499],{"class":487},[65,141091,59991],{"class":491},[65,141093,2925],{"class":487},[65,141095,141096],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141097,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141099,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141101,164],{"class":163},[65,141103,151],{"class":79},[65,141105,34286],{"class":147},[65,141107,144],{"class":79},[65,141109,140857],{"class":147},[65,141111,151],{"class":79},[65,141113,488],{"class":487},[65,141115,3412],{"class":491},[65,141117,488],{"class":487},[65,141119,758],{"class":79},[65,141121,141122],{"class":175},"      # True\n",[65,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141126,164],{"class":163},[65,141128,151],{"class":79},[65,141130,34286],{"class":147},[65,141132,144],{"class":79},[65,141134,140857],{"class":147},[65,141136,151],{"class":79},[65,141138,488],{"class":487},[65,141140,60176],{"class":491},[65,141142,488],{"class":487},[65,141144,758],{"class":79},[65,141146,20776],{"class":175},[65,141148,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,141150,164],{"class":163},[65,141152,151],{"class":79},[65,141154,34286],{"class":147},[65,141156,144],{"class":79},[65,141158,140857],{"class":147},[65,141160,151],{"class":79},[65,141162,488],{"class":487},[65,141164,60176],{"class":491},[65,141166,488],{"class":487},[65,141168,87],{"class":79},[65,141170,37224],{"class":83},[65,141172,758],{"class":79},[65,141174,43439],{"class":175},[20,141176,141177,141178,144],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[210,141179,124536],{"href":50560},[51,141181,141183],{"id":141182},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141185,141186,141188],{},[15,141187,127149],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1286,141190,141191],{"id":141020},[15,141192,141020],{},[20,141194,141195],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[56,141197,141199],{"className":58,"code":141198,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141200,141201,141213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141202,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141204,34265],{"class":71},[65,141206,76],{"class":75},[65,141208,499],{"class":487},[65,141210,3657],{"class":491},[65,141212,2925],{"class":487},[65,141214,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141232,141234,141236],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141216,164],{"class":163},[65,141218,151],{"class":79},[65,141220,34286],{"class":147},[65,141222,144],{"class":79},[65,141224,140857],{"class":147},[65,141226,151],{"class":79},[65,141228,488],{"class":487},[65,141230,141231],{"class":491},"ban",[65,141233,488],{"class":487},[65,141235,758],{"class":79},[65,141237,3230],{"class":175},[1286,141239,141240],{"id":35652},[15,141241,35652],{},[20,141243,141244],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[56,141246,141248],{"className":58,"code":141247,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141249,141250,141262],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141251,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141253,34265],{"class":71},[65,141255,76],{"class":75},[65,141257,499],{"class":487},[65,141259,59991],{"class":491},[65,141261,2925],{"class":487},[65,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141265,164],{"class":163},[65,141267,151],{"class":79},[65,141269,34286],{"class":147},[65,141271,144],{"class":79},[65,141273,140857],{"class":147},[65,141275,151],{"class":79},[65,141277,488],{"class":487},[65,141279,60176],{"class":491},[65,141281,488],{"class":487},[65,141283,87],{"class":79},[65,141285,37224],{"class":83},[65,141287,758],{"class":79},[65,141289,3230],{"class":175},[1286,141291,141292],{"id":52246},[15,141293,52246],{},[20,141295,141296],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[56,141298,141300],{"className":58,"code":141299,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141301,141302,141314],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141303,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141305,34265],{"class":71},[65,141307,76],{"class":75},[65,141309,499],{"class":487},[65,141311,59991],{"class":491},[65,141313,2925],{"class":487},[65,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141317,164],{"class":163},[65,141319,151],{"class":79},[65,141321,34286],{"class":147},[65,141323,144],{"class":79},[65,141325,140857],{"class":147},[65,141327,151],{"class":79},[65,141329,488],{"class":487},[65,141331,141332],{"class":491},"wor",[65,141334,488],{"class":487},[65,141336,87],{"class":79},[65,141338,37224],{"class":83},[65,141340,87],{"class":79},[65,141342,53722],{"class":83},[65,141344,758],{"class":79},[65,141346,3230],{"class":175},[1286,141348,141350],{"id":141349},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141352,141353,141355],{},[15,141354,141020],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[56,141357,141359],{"className":58,"code":141358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141360,141361,141374],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141362,141363,141365,141367,141369,141372],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141364,125864],{"class":71},[65,141366,76],{"class":75},[65,141368,499],{"class":487},[65,141370,141371],{"class":491},"img_001.png",[65,141373,2925],{"class":487},[65,141375,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390,141393,141395,141397,141399,141402,141404,141406],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141377,164],{"class":163},[65,141379,151],{"class":79},[65,141381,125882],{"class":147},[65,141383,144],{"class":79},[65,141385,140857],{"class":147},[65,141387,5079],{"class":79},[65,141389,488],{"class":487},[65,141391,141392],{"class":491},"img_",[65,141394,488],{"class":487},[65,141396,87],{"class":79},[65,141398,499],{"class":487},[65,141400,141401],{"class":491},"photo_",[65,141403,488],{"class":487},[65,141405,50676],{"class":79},[65,141407,3230],{"class":175},[51,141409,16994],{"id":16993},[20,141411,141412,141414],{},[15,141413,127149],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,141416,141417,141422],{},[36,141418,141419,141421],{},[15,141420,3172],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,141423,141424,126466],{},[15,141425,3240],{},[20,141427,141428,141429,6744],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141430,6569],{},[56,141432,141434],{"className":58,"code":141433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141435,141436,141450,141454,141475,141490,141496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141437,141438,141441,141443,141445,141448],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141439,141440],{"class":71},"command ",[65,141442,76],{"class":75},[65,141444,499],{"class":487},[65,141446,141447],{"class":491},"\u002Fhelp",[65,141449,2925],{"class":487},[65,141451,141452],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141453,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141455,141456,141458,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141457,6569],{"class":3444},[65,141459,141460],{"class":71}," command",[65,141462,144],{"class":79},[65,141464,140857],{"class":147},[65,141466,151],{"class":79},[65,141468,488],{"class":487},[65,141470,126673],{"class":491},[65,141472,488],{"class":487},[65,141474,7918],{"class":79},[65,141476,141477,141479,141481,141483,141486,141488],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141478,7644],{"class":163},[65,141480,151],{"class":79},[65,141482,488],{"class":487},[65,141484,141485],{"class":491},"This looks like a command.",[65,141487,488],{"class":487},[65,141489,157],{"class":79},[65,141491,141492,141494],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,141493,27009],{"class":3444},[65,141495,5963],{"class":79},[65,141497,141498,141500,141502,141504,141507,141509],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,141499,7644],{"class":163},[65,141501,151],{"class":79},[65,141503,488],{"class":487},[65,141505,141506],{"class":491},"This is normal text.",[65,141508,488],{"class":487},[65,141510,157],{"class":79},[20,141512,350],{},[56,141514,141516],{"className":58,"code":141515,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141517,141518],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141519,141520,141523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141521,141522],{"class":71},"This looks like a command",[65,141524,121813],{"class":79},[51,141526,7994,141528,8282,141530,634,141532],{"id":141527},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141529,127149],{},[15,141531,35652],{},[15,141533,52246],{},[20,141535,1545,141536,634,141538,141540],{},[15,141537,35652],{},[15,141539,52246],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,141542,141543,141548,141553],{},[36,141544,141545,141547],{},[15,141546,35652],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,141549,141550,141552],{},[15,141551,52246],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,141554,141555],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141557,267],{},[56,141559,141561],{"className":58,"code":141560,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141562,141563,141575,141579,141608,141641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141566,34265],{"class":71},[65,141568,76],{"class":75},[65,141570,499],{"class":487},[65,141572,139060],{"class":491},[65,141574,2925],{"class":487},[65,141576,141577],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141578,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141580,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141582,164],{"class":163},[65,141584,151],{"class":79},[65,141586,34286],{"class":147},[65,141588,144],{"class":79},[65,141590,140857],{"class":147},[65,141592,151],{"class":79},[65,141594,488],{"class":487},[65,141596,78855],{"class":491},[65,141598,488],{"class":487},[65,141600,87],{"class":79},[65,141602,116],{"class":83},[65,141604,758],{"class":79},[65,141606,141607],{"class":175},"        # True\n",[65,141609,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141637,141639],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141611,164],{"class":163},[65,141613,151],{"class":79},[65,141615,34286],{"class":147},[65,141617,144],{"class":79},[65,141619,140857],{"class":147},[65,141621,151],{"class":79},[65,141623,488],{"class":487},[65,141625,133667],{"class":491},[65,141627,488],{"class":487},[65,141629,87],{"class":79},[65,141631,5929],{"class":83},[65,141633,87],{"class":79},[65,141635,141636],{"class":83}," 13",[65,141638,758],{"class":79},[65,141640,3230],{"class":175},[65,141642,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,141644,164],{"class":163},[65,141646,151],{"class":79},[65,141648,34286],{"class":147},[65,141650,144],{"class":79},[65,141652,140857],{"class":147},[65,141654,151],{"class":79},[65,141656,488],{"class":487},[65,141658,133667],{"class":491},[65,141660,488],{"class":487},[65,141662,87],{"class":79},[65,141664,5929],{"class":83},[65,141666,87],{"class":79},[65,141668,30518],{"class":83},[65,141670,758],{"class":79},[65,141672,4339],{"class":175},[20,141674,141675,141676,141678],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141677,52246],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[51,141680,141682],{"id":141681},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141684,141685],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141687,141688,141689,48933],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141690,40419],{},[56,141692,141694],{"className":58,"code":141693,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141695,141696,141710,141724,141738,141742,141766,141770,141791,141812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141697,141698,141701,141703,141705,141708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141699,141700],{"class":71},"filename1 ",[65,141702,76],{"class":75},[65,141704,499],{"class":487},[65,141706,141707],{"class":491},"img_101.jpg",[65,141709,2925],{"class":487},[65,141711,141712,141715,141717,141719,141722],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141713,141714],{"class":71},"filename2 ",[65,141716,76],{"class":75},[65,141718,499],{"class":487},[65,141720,141721],{"class":491},"photo_202.jpg",[65,141723,2925],{"class":487},[65,141725,141726,141729,141731,141733,141736],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141727,141728],{"class":71},"filename3 ",[65,141730,76],{"class":75},[65,141732,499],{"class":487},[65,141734,141735],{"class":491},"doc_303.jpg",[65,141737,2925],{"class":487},[65,141739,141740],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141741,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141743,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,141745,127076],{"class":71},[65,141747,76],{"class":75},[65,141749,8815],{"class":79},[65,141751,488],{"class":487},[65,141753,141392],{"class":491},[65,141755,488],{"class":487},[65,141757,87],{"class":79},[65,141759,499],{"class":487},[65,141761,141401],{"class":491},[65,141763,488],{"class":487},[65,141765,157],{"class":79},[65,141767,141768],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,141769,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141771,141772,141774,141776,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,141773,164],{"class":163},[65,141775,151],{"class":79},[65,141777,141778],{"class":147},"filename1",[65,141780,144],{"class":79},[65,141782,140857],{"class":147},[65,141784,151],{"class":79},[65,141786,127128],{"class":147},[65,141788,758],{"class":79},[65,141790,3230],{"class":175},[65,141792,141793,141795,141797,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,141794,164],{"class":163},[65,141796,151],{"class":79},[65,141798,141799],{"class":147},"filename2",[65,141801,144],{"class":79},[65,141803,140857],{"class":147},[65,141805,151],{"class":79},[65,141807,127128],{"class":147},[65,141809,758],{"class":79},[65,141811,3230],{"class":175},[65,141813,141814,141816,141818,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,141815,164],{"class":163},[65,141817,151],{"class":79},[65,141819,141820],{"class":147},"filename3",[65,141822,144],{"class":79},[65,141824,140857],{"class":147},[65,141826,151],{"class":79},[65,141828,127128],{"class":147},[65,141830,758],{"class":79},[65,141832,4339],{"class":175},[20,141834,141835],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141837,74356,141838,141842],{},[210,141839,125781,141840,1474],{"href":129375},[15,141841,125839],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[51,141844,123428],{"id":123427},[20,141846,141847,123239],{},[15,141848,127149],{},[20,141850,126826,141851,634,141854,126833],{},[15,141852,141853],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141855,141856],{},"\"python\"",[56,141858,141860],{"className":58,"code":141859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141861,141862,141874,141878,141902],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141863,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141865,34265],{"class":71},[65,141867,76],{"class":75},[65,141869,499],{"class":487},[65,141871,6869],{"class":491},[65,141873,2925],{"class":487},[65,141875,141876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141877,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141879,141880,141882,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141881,164],{"class":163},[65,141883,151],{"class":79},[65,141885,34286],{"class":147},[65,141887,144],{"class":79},[65,141889,140857],{"class":147},[65,141891,151],{"class":79},[65,141893,488],{"class":487},[65,141895,140968],{"class":491},[65,141897,488],{"class":487},[65,141899,758],{"class":79},[65,141901,3230],{"class":175},[65,141903,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141905,164],{"class":163},[65,141907,151],{"class":79},[65,141909,34286],{"class":147},[65,141911,144],{"class":79},[65,141913,140857],{"class":147},[65,141915,151],{"class":79},[65,141917,488],{"class":487},[65,141919,128227],{"class":491},[65,141921,488],{"class":487},[65,141923,758],{"class":79},[65,141925,4339],{"class":175},[20,141927,126918,141928,144],{},[210,141929,141930],{"href":123508},[15,141931,123511],{},[56,141933,141935],{"className":58,"code":141934,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141936,141937,141949,141953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141938,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141940,34265],{"class":71},[65,141942,76],{"class":75},[65,141944,499],{"class":487},[65,141946,6869],{"class":491},[65,141948,2925],{"class":487},[65,141950,141951],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,141952,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,141954,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,141956,164],{"class":163},[65,141958,151],{"class":79},[65,141960,34286],{"class":147},[65,141962,144],{"class":79},[65,141964,8217],{"class":147},[65,141966,8214],{"class":79},[65,141968,140857],{"class":147},[65,141970,151],{"class":79},[65,141972,488],{"class":487},[65,141974,128227],{"class":491},[65,141976,488],{"class":487},[65,141978,758],{"class":79},[65,141980,3230],{"class":175},[51,141982,4529,141984],{"id":141983},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141985,127149],{},[20,141987,141988,141990],{},[15,141989,127149],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141992,8951],{},[33,141994,141995,141998,142001,142010],{},[36,141996,141997],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,141999,142000],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,142002,142003,142004,214,142007],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142005,142006],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142008,142009],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,142011,142012],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142014,267],{},[56,142016,142018],{"className":58,"code":142017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142019,142020,142033,142037,142066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142021,142022,142024,142026,142028,142031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142023,126644],{"class":71},[65,142025,76],{"class":75},[65,142027,499],{"class":487},[65,142029,142030],{"class":491},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[65,142032,2925],{"class":487},[65,142034,142035],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142036,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,142038,142039,142041,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142040,6569],{"class":3444},[65,142042,142043],{"class":71}," url",[65,142045,144],{"class":79},[65,142047,140857],{"class":147},[65,142049,5079],{"class":79},[65,142051,488],{"class":487},[65,142053,142006],{"class":491},[65,142055,488],{"class":487},[65,142057,87],{"class":79},[65,142059,499],{"class":487},[65,142061,142009],{"class":491},[65,142063,488],{"class":487},[65,142065,69147],{"class":79},[65,142067,142068,142070,142072,142074,142077,142079],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142069,7644],{"class":163},[65,142071,151],{"class":79},[65,142073,488],{"class":487},[65,142075,142076],{"class":491},"This looks like a web URL.",[65,142078,488],{"class":487},[65,142080,157],{"class":79},[51,142082,2396],{"id":2395},[20,142084,22669,142085,144],{},[15,142086,127149],{},[1286,142088,138221],{"id":142089},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142091,142092,123239],{},[15,142093,127149],{},[56,142095,142097],{"className":58,"code":142096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142098,142099,142111],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142102,34265],{"class":71},[65,142104,76],{"class":75},[65,142106,499],{"class":487},[65,142108,6869],{"class":491},[65,142110,2925],{"class":487},[65,142112,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142114,164],{"class":163},[65,142116,151],{"class":79},[65,142118,34286],{"class":147},[65,142120,144],{"class":79},[65,142122,140857],{"class":147},[65,142124,151],{"class":79},[65,142126,488],{"class":487},[65,142128,60],{"class":491},[65,142130,488],{"class":487},[65,142132,758],{"class":79},[65,142134,4339],{"class":175},[20,142136,38843],{},[56,142138,142140],{"className":58,"code":142139,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142141,142142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142143,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142145,164],{"class":163},[65,142147,151],{"class":79},[65,142149,34286],{"class":147},[65,142151,144],{"class":79},[65,142153,8217],{"class":147},[65,142155,8214],{"class":79},[65,142157,140857],{"class":147},[65,142159,151],{"class":79},[65,142161,488],{"class":487},[65,142163,60],{"class":491},[65,142165,488],{"class":487},[65,142167,758],{"class":79},[65,142169,3230],{"class":175},[1286,142171,29225,142173,136703],{"id":142172},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142174,127149],{},[20,142176,142177],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[56,142179,142181],{"className":58,"code":142180,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142182,142183,142191,142195,142200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142184,142185,142187,142189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142186,2015],{"class":71},[65,142188,76],{"class":75},[65,142190,124463],{"class":83},[65,142192,142193],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142194,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,142196,142197],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142198,142199],{"class":175},"# This will cause an error:\n",[65,142201,142202],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142203,142204],{"class":175},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142206,38843],{},[56,142208,142210],{"className":58,"code":142209,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142211,142212,142226],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142213,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142215,2015],{"class":71},[65,142217,76],{"class":75},[65,142219,48489],{"class":1259},[65,142221,151],{"class":79},[65,142223,49831],{"class":83},[65,142225,157],{"class":79},[65,142227,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142229,164],{"class":163},[65,142231,151],{"class":79},[65,142233,2040],{"class":147},[65,142235,144],{"class":79},[65,142237,140857],{"class":147},[65,142239,151],{"class":79},[65,142241,488],{"class":487},[65,142243,84],{"class":491},[65,142245,488],{"class":487},[65,142247,758],{"class":79},[65,142249,3230],{"class":175},[1286,142251,36784,142253,8282,142255],{"id":142252},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142254,127149],{},[15,142256,3451],{},[20,142258,142259,142261],{},[15,142260,127149],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142263,142264,142265,142267,142268,144],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142266,3451],{}," or methods like ",[210,142269,142270],{"href":123791},[15,142271,123776],{},[56,142273,142275],{"className":58,"code":142274,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142276,142277,142289,142293,142317],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142278,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142280,34265],{"class":71},[65,142282,76],{"class":75},[65,142284,499],{"class":487},[65,142286,59991],{"class":491},[65,142288,2925],{"class":487},[65,142290,142291],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142292,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,142294,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142296,164],{"class":163},[65,142298,151],{"class":79},[65,142300,34286],{"class":147},[65,142302,144],{"class":79},[65,142304,140857],{"class":147},[65,142306,151],{"class":79},[65,142308,488],{"class":487},[65,142310,60176],{"class":491},[65,142312,488],{"class":487},[65,142314,758],{"class":79},[65,142316,4339],{"class":175},[65,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142320,164],{"class":163},[65,142322,151],{"class":79},[65,142324,488],{"class":487},[65,142326,60176],{"class":491},[65,142328,488],{"class":487},[65,142330,20749],{"class":3444},[65,142332,42425],{"class":147},[65,142334,172],{"class":79},[65,142336,142337],{"class":175},"           # True\n",[20,142339,135255,142340,144],{},[210,142341,126817],{"href":123036},[1286,142343,4272,142345,634,142347,142349],{"id":142344},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142346,35652],{},[15,142348,52246],{}," use index positions",[20,142351,142352,142353,144],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142354,1688],{},[56,142356,142358],{"className":58,"code":142357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142359,142360,142373,142377],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142361,142362,142364,142366,142368,142371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142363,34265],{"class":71},[65,142365,76],{"class":75},[65,142367,499],{"class":487},[65,142369,142370],{"class":491},"abcdef",[65,142372,2925],{"class":487},[65,142374,142375],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142376,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,142378,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142380,164],{"class":163},[65,142382,151],{"class":79},[65,142384,34286],{"class":147},[65,142386,144],{"class":79},[65,142388,140857],{"class":147},[65,142390,151],{"class":79},[65,142392,488],{"class":487},[65,142394,142395],{"class":491},"cd",[65,142397,488],{"class":487},[65,142399,87],{"class":79},[65,142401,90],{"class":83},[65,142403,758],{"class":79},[65,142405,3230],{"class":175},[1286,142407,142409],{"id":142408},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142411,142412],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142414,16219],{},[56,142416,142418],{"className":58,"code":142417,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142419,142420],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142421,142422],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142423,142417],{"class":175},[20,142425,16231],{},[56,142427,142429],{"className":58,"code":142428,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142430,142431,142443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142432,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142434,34265],{"class":71},[65,142436,76],{"class":75},[65,142438,499],{"class":487},[65,142440,6869],{"class":491},[65,142442,2925],{"class":487},[65,142444,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142470,142472,142474],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142446,164],{"class":163},[65,142448,151],{"class":79},[65,142450,34286],{"class":147},[65,142452,144],{"class":79},[65,142454,140857],{"class":147},[65,142456,5079],{"class":79},[65,142458,488],{"class":487},[65,142460,140968],{"class":491},[65,142462,488],{"class":487},[65,142464,87],{"class":79},[65,142466,499],{"class":487},[65,142468,142469],{"class":491},"Ja",[65,142471,488],{"class":487},[65,142473,50676],{"class":79},[65,142475,3230],{"class":175},[20,142477,31658],{},[56,142479,142481],{"className":58,"code":142480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142482,142483,142493,142507,142529,142555],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142484,142485,142487,142489,142491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142486,164],{"class":163},[65,142488,151],{"class":79},[65,142490,34286],{"class":147},[65,142492,157],{"class":79},[65,142494,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142496,164],{"class":163},[65,142498,151],{"class":79},[65,142500,1260],{"class":1259},[65,142502,151],{"class":79},[65,142504,34286],{"class":147},[65,142506,1028],{"class":79},[65,142508,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142510,164],{"class":163},[65,142512,151],{"class":79},[65,142514,34286],{"class":147},[65,142516,144],{"class":79},[65,142518,140857],{"class":147},[65,142520,151],{"class":79},[65,142522,488],{"class":487},[65,142524,140968],{"class":491},[65,142526,488],{"class":487},[65,142528,1028],{"class":79},[65,142530,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142532,164],{"class":163},[65,142534,151],{"class":79},[65,142536,34286],{"class":147},[65,142538,144],{"class":79},[65,142540,8217],{"class":147},[65,142542,8214],{"class":79},[65,142544,140857],{"class":147},[65,142546,151],{"class":79},[65,142548,488],{"class":487},[65,142550,128227],{"class":491},[65,142552,488],{"class":487},[65,142554,1028],{"class":79},[65,142556,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,142558,164],{"class":163},[65,142560,151],{"class":79},[65,142562,34286],{"class":147},[65,142564,144],{"class":79},[65,142566,140857],{"class":147},[65,142568,5079],{"class":79},[65,142570,488],{"class":487},[65,142572,140968],{"class":491},[65,142574,488],{"class":487},[65,142576,87],{"class":79},[65,142578,499],{"class":487},[65,142580,142469],{"class":491},[65,142582,488],{"class":487},[65,142584,2478],{"class":79},[51,142586,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,142588,1289,142590,127627],{"id":142589},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142591,127149],{},[20,142593,142594,142595,214,142597,144],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142596,3172],{},[15,142598,3240],{},[1286,142600,4739,142602,142604],{"id":142601},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142603,127149],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142606,142607],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[56,142609,142611],{"className":58,"code":142610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142612,142613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142614,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142616,34286],{"class":71},[65,142618,144],{"class":79},[65,142620,140857],{"class":147},[65,142622,5079],{"class":79},[65,142624,488],{"class":487},[65,142626,210],{"class":491},[65,142628,488],{"class":487},[65,142630,87],{"class":79},[65,142632,499],{"class":487},[65,142634,154],{"class":491},[65,142636,488],{"class":487},[65,142638,1028],{"class":79},[1286,142640,14478,142642,124117],{"id":142641},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142643,127149],{},[20,142645,129310],{},[1286,142647,1299,142649,634,142651,1304],{"id":142648},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142650,127149],{},[15,142652,3451],{},[20,142654,142655,142657,142658,142660],{},[15,142656,127149],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142659,3451],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1286,142662,1316,142664,634,142666,8282,142668,1304],{"id":142663},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142665,35652],{},[15,142667,52246],{},[15,142669,127149],{},[20,142671,142672],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[51,142674,1455],{"id":1454},[33,142676,142677,142683,142689,142695,142699],{},[36,142678,142679],{},[210,142680,125781,142681,1474],{"href":129375},[15,142682,125839],{},[36,142684,142685],{},[210,142686,125781,142687,1474],{"href":123791},[15,142688,123776],{},[36,142690,142691],{},[210,142692,125781,142693,1474],{"href":123508},[15,142694,123511],{},[36,142696,142697],{},[210,142698,124180],{"href":123036},[36,142700,142701],{},[210,142702,124536],{"href":50560},[1499,142704,142705],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":142707},[142708,142710,142711,142717,142718,142720,142721,142722,142724,142734,142746],{"id":140903,"depth":101,"text":142709},"What startswith() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":141182,"depth":101,"text":141183,"children":142712},[142713,142714,142715,142716],{"id":141020,"depth":126,"text":141020},{"id":35652,"depth":126,"text":35652},{"id":52246,"depth":126,"text":52246},{"id":141349,"depth":126,"text":141350},{"id":16993,"depth":101,"text":16994},{"id":141527,"depth":101,"text":142719},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141681,"depth":101,"text":141682},{"id":123427,"depth":101,"text":123428},{"id":141983,"depth":101,"text":142723},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":142725},[142726,142727,142729,142731,142733],{"id":142089,"depth":126,"text":138221},{"id":142172,"depth":126,"text":142728},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142252,"depth":126,"text":142730},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142344,"depth":126,"text":142732},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142408,"depth":126,"text":142409},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":142735},[142736,142738,142740,142742,142744],{"id":142589,"depth":126,"text":142737},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142601,"depth":126,"text":142739},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142641,"depth":126,"text":142741},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142648,"depth":126,"text":142743},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142663,"depth":126,"text":142745},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140803,"description":142747},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142754,"title":142755,"body":142756,"description":144210,"extension":1528,"meta":144211,"navigation":129,"path":144212,"seo":144213,"stem":144214,"__hash__":144215},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142757,"toc":144180},[142758,142763,142768,142771,142773,142817,142819,142827,142832,142837,142842,142844,142862,142864,142910,142912,142926,142935,142939,142941,142943,142955,142960,142963,142995,142997,143006,143011,143014,143055,143057,143065,143067,143080,143086,143090,143093,143109,143111,143160,143162,143171,143174,143233,143235,143244,143251,143254,143307,143309,143333,143340,143346,143350,143356,143359,143370,143372,143412,143414,143422,143424,143464,143466,143475,143477,143495,143498,143505,143516,143519,143536,143538,143615,143617,143648,143651,143653,143656,143682,143684,143724,143726,143735,143745,143753,143761,143766,143771,143773,143787,143789,143840,143842,143851,143861,143863,143865,143887,143890,143969,143971,144007,144010,144085,144090,144092,144098,144103,144108,144111,144117,144120,144127,144135,144139,144147,144149,144177],[10,142759,122781,142761,18],{"id":142760},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142762,41236],{},[20,142764,31893,142765,142767],{},[15,142766,41236],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142769,142770],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[51,142772,54],{"id":53},[56,142774,142776],{"className":58,"code":142775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142777,142778,142791,142806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142779,142780,142782,142784,142786,142789],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142781,34265],{"class":71},[65,142783,76],{"class":75},[65,142785,499],{"class":487},[65,142787,142788],{"class":491},"  hello  ",[65,142790,2925],{"class":487},[65,142792,142793,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142794,142795],{"class":71},"clean_text ",[65,142797,76],{"class":75},[65,142799,42425],{"class":71},[65,142801,144],{"class":79},[65,142803,8211],{"class":147},[65,142805,8220],{"class":79},[65,142807,142808,142810,142812,142815],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142809,164],{"class":163},[65,142811,151],{"class":79},[65,142813,142814],{"class":147},"clean_text",[65,142816,157],{"class":79},[20,142818,350],{},[56,142820,142821],{"className":58,"code":138096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,142822,142823],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142824,142825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142826,138096],{"class":71},[20,142828,1660,142829,142831],{},[15,142830,41236],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[51,142833,183,142835,186],{"id":142834},"what-strip-does",[15,142836,41236],{},[20,142838,142839,142841],{},[15,142840,41236],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142843,12628],{},[33,142845,142846,142850,142853,142856,142859],{},[36,142847,142848,131131],{},[15,142849,41236],{},[36,142851,142852],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,142854,142855],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,142857,142858],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,142860,142861],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142863,267],{},[56,142865,142867],{"className":58,"code":142866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142868,142869,142882,142886,142900],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142870,142871,142873,142875,142877,142880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142872,34265],{"class":71},[65,142874,76],{"class":75},[65,142876,499],{"class":487},[65,142878,142879],{"class":491},"  hello world  ",[65,142881,2925],{"class":487},[65,142883,142884],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142885,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,142889,164],{"class":163},[65,142891,151],{"class":79},[65,142893,34286],{"class":147},[65,142895,144],{"class":79},[65,142897,8211],{"class":147},[65,142899,6766],{"class":79},[65,142901,142902,142904,142906,142908],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142903,164],{"class":163},[65,142905,151],{"class":79},[65,142907,34286],{"class":147},[65,142909,157],{"class":79},[20,142911,350],{},[56,142913,142915],{"className":58,"code":142914,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142916,142917,142921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142918,142919],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142920,133797],{"class":71},[65,142922,142923],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142924,142925],{"class":71},"  hello world\n",[20,142927,142928,142929,142931,142932,142934],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142930,41236],{},", but the original ",[15,142933,34286],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142936,124533,142937,144],{},[210,142938,124536],{"href":50560},[51,142940,222],{"id":221},[20,142942,26063],{},[33,142944,142945,142950],{},[36,142946,142947],{},[15,142948,142949],{},"string.strip()",[36,142951,142952],{},[15,142953,142954],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1286,142956,142958],{"id":142957},"stringstrip",[15,142959,142949],{},[20,142961,142962],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[56,142964,142966],{"className":58,"code":142965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142967,142968,142981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142969,142970,142972,142974,142976,142979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142971,7451],{"class":71},[65,142973,76],{"class":75},[65,142975,499],{"class":487},[65,142977,142978],{"class":491},"  Alice  ",[65,142980,2925],{"class":487},[65,142982,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,142984,164],{"class":163},[65,142986,151],{"class":79},[65,142988,7241],{"class":147},[65,142990,144],{"class":79},[65,142992,8211],{"class":147},[65,142994,6766],{"class":79},[20,142996,350],{},[56,142998,143000],{"className":58,"code":142999,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Alice\n",[15,143001,143002],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143003,143004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143005,142999],{"class":71},[1286,143007,143009],{"id":143008},"stringstripchars",[15,143010,142954],{},[20,143012,143013],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[56,143015,143017],{"className":58,"code":143016,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143018,143019,143032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143020,143021,143023,143025,143027,143030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143022,34265],{"class":71},[65,143024,76],{"class":75},[65,143026,499],{"class":487},[65,143028,143029],{"class":491},"!!hello??",[65,143031,2925],{"class":487},[65,143033,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143051,143053],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143035,164],{"class":163},[65,143037,151],{"class":79},[65,143039,34286],{"class":147},[65,143041,144],{"class":79},[65,143043,8211],{"class":147},[65,143045,151],{"class":79},[65,143047,488],{"class":487},[65,143049,143050],{"class":491},"!?",[65,143052,488],{"class":487},[65,143054,1028],{"class":79},[20,143056,350],{},[56,143058,143059],{"className":58,"code":138096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,143060,143061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143062,143063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143064,138096],{"class":71},[20,143066,83402],{},[33,143068,143069,143074],{},[36,143070,143071,143073],{},[15,143072,134040],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,143075,143076,143077,143079],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143078,134040],{}," does not matter",[51,143081,143083,143084],{"id":143082},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143085,41236],{},[20,143087,30460,143088,144],{},[15,143089,41236],{},[20,143091,143092],{},"It is useful for:",[33,143094,143095,143100,143103,143106],{},[36,143096,143097,143098,3454],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143099,2524],{},[36,143101,143102],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,143104,143105],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,143107,143108],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143110,47946],{},[56,143112,143114],{"className":58,"code":143113,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143115,143116,143129,143145,143149],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143117,143118,143120,143122,143124,143127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143119,7536],{"class":71},[65,143121,76],{"class":75},[65,143123,499],{"class":487},[65,143125,143126],{"class":491},"  sam  ",[65,143128,2925],{"class":487},[65,143130,143131,143134,143136,143139,143141,143143],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143132,143133],{"class":71},"clean_username ",[65,143135,76],{"class":75},[65,143137,143138],{"class":71}," username",[65,143140,144],{"class":79},[65,143142,8211],{"class":147},[65,143144,8220],{"class":79},[65,143146,143147],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143148,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143150,143151,143153,143155,143158],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143152,164],{"class":163},[65,143154,151],{"class":79},[65,143156,143157],{"class":147},"clean_username",[65,143159,157],{"class":79},[20,143161,350],{},[56,143163,143165],{"className":58,"code":143164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sam\n",[15,143166,143167],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143168,143169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143170,143164],{"class":71},[20,143172,143173],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[56,143175,143177],{"className":58,"code":143176,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143178,143179,143192,143196,143218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143180,143181,143183,143185,143187,143190],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143182,136024],{"class":71},[65,143184,76],{"class":75},[65,143186,499],{"class":487},[65,143188,143189],{"class":491}," yes  ",[65,143191,2925],{"class":487},[65,143193,143194],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143195,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143197,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143199,6569],{"class":3444},[65,143201,136044],{"class":71},[65,143203,144],{"class":79},[65,143205,8211],{"class":147},[65,143207,6938],{"class":79},[65,143209,5978],{"class":75},[65,143211,499],{"class":487},[65,143213,8235],{"class":491},[65,143215,488],{"class":487},[65,143217,5963],{"class":79},[65,143219,143220,143222,143224,143226,143229,143231],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143221,7644],{"class":163},[65,143223,151],{"class":79},[65,143225,488],{"class":487},[65,143227,143228],{"class":491},"Matched",[65,143230,488],{"class":487},[65,143232,157],{"class":79},[20,143234,350],{},[56,143236,143238],{"className":58,"code":143237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Matched\n",[15,143239,143240],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143241,143242],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143243,143237],{"class":71},[20,143245,143246,143247,144],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[210,143248,143250],{"href":143249},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143252,143253],{},"Example with file-style text:",[56,143255,143257],{"className":58,"code":143256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143258,143259,143275,143289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143260,143261,143264,143266,143268,143271,143273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143262,143263],{"class":71},"line ",[65,143265,76],{"class":75},[65,143267,499],{"class":487},[65,143269,143270],{"class":491},"Python basics",[65,143272,86734],{"class":34030},[65,143274,2925],{"class":487},[65,143276,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143278,164],{"class":163},[65,143280,151],{"class":79},[65,143282,41362],{"class":163},[65,143284,151],{"class":79},[65,143286,67],{"class":147},[65,143288,1028],{"class":79},[65,143290,143291,143293,143295,143297,143299,143301,143303,143305],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143292,164],{"class":163},[65,143294,151],{"class":79},[65,143296,41362],{"class":163},[65,143298,151],{"class":79},[65,143300,67],{"class":147},[65,143302,144],{"class":79},[65,143304,8211],{"class":147},[65,143306,5859],{"class":79},[20,143308,350],{},[56,143310,143312],{"className":58,"code":143311,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143313,143314,143325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143315,143316,143318,143320,143323],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143317,594],{"class":42912},[65,143319,143270],{"class":42916},[65,143321,86734],{"class":143322},"sfi6f",[65,143324,29275],{"class":42912},[65,143326,143327,143329,143331],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143328,594],{"class":42912},[65,143330,143270],{"class":42916},[65,143332,29275],{"class":42912},[20,143334,7994,143335,143337,143338,144],{},[15,143336,121995],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143339,86734],{},[20,143341,143342,143343,144],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[210,143344,143345],{"href":87387},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[51,143347,143349],{"id":143348},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143351,143352,143353,144],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143354,143355],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143357,143358],{},"Python will:",[33,143360,143361,143364,143367],{},[36,143362,143363],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,143365,143366],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,143368,143369],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143371,267],{},[56,143373,143375],{"className":58,"code":143374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143376,143377,143390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143378,143379,143381,143383,143385,143388],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143380,34265],{"class":71},[65,143382,76],{"class":75},[65,143384,499],{"class":487},[65,143386,143387],{"class":491},"??hello!!",[65,143389,2925],{"class":487},[65,143391,143392,143394,143396,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143393,164],{"class":163},[65,143395,151],{"class":79},[65,143397,34286],{"class":147},[65,143399,144],{"class":79},[65,143401,8211],{"class":147},[65,143403,151],{"class":79},[65,143405,488],{"class":487},[65,143407,143050],{"class":491},[65,143409,488],{"class":487},[65,143411,1028],{"class":79},[20,143413,350],{},[56,143415,143416],{"className":58,"code":138096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,143417,143418],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143419,143420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143421,138096],{"class":71},[20,143423,51665],{},[56,143425,143427],{"className":58,"code":143426,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143428,143429,143442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143432,34265],{"class":71},[65,143434,76],{"class":75},[65,143436,499],{"class":487},[65,143438,143439],{"class":491},"abcHelloCba",[65,143441,2925],{"class":487},[65,143443,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143445,164],{"class":163},[65,143447,151],{"class":79},[65,143449,34286],{"class":147},[65,143451,144],{"class":79},[65,143453,8211],{"class":147},[65,143455,151],{"class":79},[65,143457,488],{"class":487},[65,143459,41143],{"class":491},[65,143461,488],{"class":487},[65,143463,1028],{"class":79},[20,143465,350],{},[56,143467,143469],{"className":58,"code":143468,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HelloC\n",[15,143470,143471],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143472,143473],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143474,143468],{"class":71},[20,143476,5805],{},[20,143478,143479,13628,143482,143484,143485,143487,143488,1491,143490,1761,143492,143494],{},[15,143480,143481],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[43,143483,45],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143486,41143],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143489,210],{},[15,143491,154],{},[15,143493,9317],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143496,143497],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143499,143500,143501,6202],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[210,143502,143503],{"href":129362},[15,143504,123952],{},[51,143506,143508,657,143510,657,143513],{"id":143507},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143509,41236],{},[15,143511,143512],{},"lstrip()",[15,143514,143515],{},"rstrip()",[20,143517,143518],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,143520,143521,143526,143531],{},[36,143522,143523,143525],{},[15,143524,41236],{}," removes from both ends",[36,143527,143528,143530],{},[15,143529,143512],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,143532,143533,143535],{},[15,143534,143515],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143537,267],{},[56,143539,143541],{"className":58,"code":143540,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143542,143543,143555,143559,143577,143596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143544,143545,143547,143549,143551,143553],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143546,34265],{"class":71},[65,143548,76],{"class":75},[65,143550,499],{"class":487},[65,143552,142788],{"class":491},[65,143554,2925],{"class":487},[65,143556,143557],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143558,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143560,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573,143575],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143562,164],{"class":163},[65,143564,151],{"class":79},[65,143566,41362],{"class":163},[65,143568,151],{"class":79},[65,143570,34286],{"class":147},[65,143572,144],{"class":79},[65,143574,8211],{"class":147},[65,143576,5859],{"class":79},[65,143578,143579,143581,143583,143585,143587,143589,143591,143594],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143580,164],{"class":163},[65,143582,151],{"class":79},[65,143584,41362],{"class":163},[65,143586,151],{"class":79},[65,143588,34286],{"class":147},[65,143590,144],{"class":79},[65,143592,143593],{"class":147},"lstrip",[65,143595,5859],{"class":79},[65,143597,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143613],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,143599,164],{"class":163},[65,143601,151],{"class":79},[65,143603,41362],{"class":163},[65,143605,151],{"class":79},[65,143607,34286],{"class":147},[65,143609,144],{"class":79},[65,143611,143612],{"class":147},"rstrip",[65,143614,5859],{"class":79},[20,143616,350],{},[56,143618,143620],{"className":58,"code":143619,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143621,143622,143630,143639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143623,143624,143626,143628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143625,594],{"class":42912},[65,143627,3412],{"class":42916},[65,143629,29275],{"class":42912},[65,143631,143632,143634,143637],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143633,594],{"class":42912},[65,143635,143636],{"class":42916},"hello  ",[65,143638,29275],{"class":42912},[65,143640,143641,143643,143646],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143642,594],{"class":42912},[65,143644,143645],{"class":42916},"  hello",[65,143647,29275],{"class":42912},[20,143649,143650],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[51,143652,107919],{"id":107918},[20,143654,143655],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,143657,143658,143666,143676,143679],{},[36,143659,143660,143662,143663,143665],{},[15,143661,143481],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143664,41112],{}," once",[36,143667,143668,143669,1491,143671,1761,143673,143675],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143670,210],{},[15,143672,154],{},[15,143674,9317],{}," from both ends",[36,143677,143678],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,143680,143681],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143683,267],{},[56,143685,143687],{"className":58,"code":143686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143688,143689,143702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143690,143691,143693,143695,143697,143700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143692,125864],{"class":71},[65,143694,76],{"class":75},[65,143696,499],{"class":487},[65,143698,143699],{"class":491},"txt_report.txt",[65,143701,2925],{"class":487},[65,143703,143704,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143705,164],{"class":163},[65,143707,151],{"class":79},[65,143709,125882],{"class":147},[65,143711,144],{"class":79},[65,143713,8211],{"class":147},[65,143715,151],{"class":79},[65,143717,488],{"class":487},[65,143719,125917],{"class":491},[65,143721,488],{"class":487},[65,143723,1028],{"class":79},[20,143725,350],{},[56,143727,143729],{"className":58,"code":143728,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"_report\n",[15,143730,143731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143732,143733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143734,143728],{"class":71},[20,143736,143737,143738,1491,143740,1761,143742,143744],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143739,144],{},[15,143741,62871],{},[15,143743,1742],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143746,53239,143747,4351,143750,143752],{},[15,143748,143749],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[43,143751,45],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143754,143755,143756,143760],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[210,143757,143758],{"href":129362},[15,143759,123952],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[51,143762,4529,143764],{"id":143763},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143765,41236],{},[20,143767,1660,143768,143770],{},[15,143769,41236],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143772,36006],{},[33,143774,143775,143779,143781,143784],{},[36,143776,143097,143777,3454],{},[15,143778,2524],{},[36,143780,143102],{},[36,143782,143783],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,143785,143786],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143788,267],{},[56,143790,143792],{"className":58,"code":143791,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143793,143794,143808,143812,143825],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143795,143796,143799,143801,143803,143806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143797,143798],{"class":71},"email ",[65,143800,76],{"class":75},[65,143802,499],{"class":487},[65,143804,143805],{"class":491},"  user@example.com  ",[65,143807,2925],{"class":487},[65,143809,143810],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143811,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143813,143814,143816,143819,143821,143823],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143815,6569],{"class":3444},[65,143817,143818],{"class":71}," email",[65,143820,144],{"class":79},[65,143822,8211],{"class":147},[65,143824,21170],{"class":79},[65,143826,143827,143829,143831,143833,143836,143838],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143828,7644],{"class":163},[65,143830,151],{"class":79},[65,143832,488],{"class":487},[65,143834,143835],{"class":491},"Email was entered",[65,143837,488],{"class":487},[65,143839,157],{"class":79},[20,143841,350],{},[56,143843,143845],{"className":58,"code":143844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Email was entered\n",[15,143846,143847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143848,143849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143850,143844],{"class":71},[20,143852,143853,143854,143856,143857,144],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143855,41236],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[210,143858,143859],{"href":123508},[15,143860,123511],{},[51,143862,2396],{"id":2395},[20,143864,83821],{},[33,143866,143867,143871,143876,143881],{},[36,143868,8030,143869,131001],{},[15,143870,41236],{},[36,143872,8030,143873,143875],{},[15,143874,41236],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,143877,7994,143878,143880],{},[15,143879,143749],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,143882,4272,143883,143886],{},[15,143884,143885],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143888,143889],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[56,143891,143893],{"className":58,"code":143892,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143894,143895,143909,143913,143923,143937,143951],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143896,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143898,34265],{"class":71},[65,143900,76],{"class":75},[65,143902,499],{"class":487},[65,143904,143645],{"class":491},[65,143906,86734],{"class":34030},[65,143908,2925],{"class":487},[65,143910,143911],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143912,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143914,143915,143917,143919,143921],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143916,164],{"class":163},[65,143918,151],{"class":79},[65,143920,34286],{"class":147},[65,143922,157],{"class":79},[65,143924,143925,143927,143929,143931,143933,143935],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143926,164],{"class":163},[65,143928,151],{"class":79},[65,143930,41362],{"class":163},[65,143932,151],{"class":79},[65,143934,34286],{"class":147},[65,143936,1028],{"class":79},[65,143938,143939,143941,143943,143945,143947,143949],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,143940,164],{"class":163},[65,143942,151],{"class":79},[65,143944,34286],{"class":147},[65,143946,144],{"class":79},[65,143948,8211],{"class":147},[65,143950,6766],{"class":79},[65,143952,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963,143965,143967],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,143954,164],{"class":163},[65,143956,151],{"class":79},[65,143958,41362],{"class":163},[65,143960,151],{"class":79},[65,143962,34286],{"class":147},[65,143964,144],{"class":79},[65,143966,8211],{"class":147},[65,143968,5859],{"class":79},[20,143970,350],{},[56,143972,143974],{"className":58,"code":143973,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143975,143976,143981,143985,143995,143999],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143977,143978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143979,143980],{"class":71},"  hello\n",[65,143982,143983],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,143984,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,143986,143987,143989,143991,143993],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,143988,594],{"class":42912},[65,143990,143645],{"class":42916},[65,143992,86734],{"class":143322},[65,143994,29275],{"class":42912},[65,143996,143997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143998,138096],{"class":71},[65,144000,144001,144003,144005],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,144002,594],{"class":42912},[65,144004,3412],{"class":42916},[65,144006,29275],{"class":42912},[20,144008,144009],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[56,144011,144013],{"className":58,"code":144012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144014,144015,144025,144039,144053,144071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144016,144017,144019,144021,144023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144018,164],{"class":163},[65,144020,151],{"class":79},[65,144022,34286],{"class":147},[65,144024,157],{"class":79},[65,144026,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144028,164],{"class":163},[65,144030,151],{"class":79},[65,144032,41362],{"class":163},[65,144034,151],{"class":79},[65,144036,34286],{"class":147},[65,144038,1028],{"class":79},[65,144040,144041,144043,144045,144047,144049,144051],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144042,164],{"class":163},[65,144044,151],{"class":79},[65,144046,34286],{"class":147},[65,144048,144],{"class":79},[65,144050,8211],{"class":147},[65,144052,6766],{"class":79},[65,144054,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067,144069],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144056,164],{"class":163},[65,144058,151],{"class":79},[65,144060,41362],{"class":163},[65,144062,151],{"class":79},[65,144064,34286],{"class":147},[65,144066,144],{"class":79},[65,144068,8211],{"class":147},[65,144070,5859],{"class":79},[65,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,144074,31728],{"class":163},[65,144076,151],{"class":79},[65,144078,3010],{"class":1259},[65,144080,144],{"class":79},[65,144082,8211],{"class":24325},[65,144084,157],{"class":79},[20,144086,144087,144089],{},[15,144088,121995],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[51,144091,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,144093,1289,144095,144097],{"id":144094},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144096,41236],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144099,45949,144100,144102],{},[15,144101,41236],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1286,144104,1289,144106,124108],{"id":144105},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144107,41236],{},[20,144109,144110],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1286,144112,4711,144114,144116],{"id":144113},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144115,41236],{}," remove by default?",[20,144118,144119],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1286,144121,33782,144123,33785,144125,1304],{"id":144122},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144124,41236],{},[15,144126,123952],{},[20,144128,144129,144131,144132,144134],{},[15,144130,41236],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144133,123952],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1286,144136,144138],{"id":144137},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144140,127654,144141,144143,144144,144146],{},[15,144142,143512],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144145,143515],{}," for the right side.",[51,144148,1455],{"id":1454},[33,144150,144151,144157,144163,144168,144173],{},[36,144152,144153],{},[210,144154,125781,144155,1474],{"href":123508},[15,144156,123511],{},[36,144158,144159],{},[210,144160,125781,144161,1474],{"href":129362},[15,144162,123952],{},[36,144164,144165],{},[210,144166,144167],{"href":143249},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,144169,144170],{},[210,144171,144172],{"href":87387},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144174,144175],{},[210,144176,124536],{"href":50560},[1499,144178,144179],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":144181},[144182,144183,144185,144189,144191,144192,144194,144195,144197,144198,144209],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":142834,"depth":101,"text":144184},"What strip() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":144186},[144187,144188],{"id":142957,"depth":126,"text":142949},{"id":143008,"depth":126,"text":142954},{"id":143082,"depth":101,"text":144190},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143348,"depth":101,"text":143349},{"id":143507,"depth":101,"text":144193},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107918,"depth":101,"text":107919},{"id":143763,"depth":101,"text":144196},"When to use strip()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":144199},[144200,144202,144204,144206,144208],{"id":144094,"depth":126,"text":144201},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144105,"depth":126,"text":144203},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144113,"depth":126,"text":144205},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144122,"depth":126,"text":144207},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144137,"depth":126,"text":144138},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142755,"description":144210},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144217,"title":144218,"body":144219,"description":145399,"extension":1528,"meta":145400,"navigation":129,"path":145401,"seo":145402,"stem":145403,"__hash__":145404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144220,"toc":145369},[144221,144226,144231,144236,144238,144284,144292,144297,144311,144317,144319,144321,144336,144338,144348,144351,144382,144385,144408,144410,144413,144470,144472,144486,144488,144502,144508,144513,144516,144557,144559,144568,144576,144579,144624,144626,144635,144638,144642,144647,144661,144663,144695,144697,144717,144720,144725,144730,144732,144743,144746,144803,144805,144813,144822,144824,144826,144832,144834,144871,144873,144881,144883,144924,144926,144935,144940,144945,144947,144974,144981,144984,145015,145017,145026,145032,145041,145072,145074,145086,145099,145103,145108,145138,145140,145207,145209,145219,145221,145226,145229,145234,145239,145243,145249,145255,145258,145260,145318,145320,145328,145330,145366],[10,144222,122781,144224,18],{"id":144223},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144225,127659],{},[20,144227,122786,144228,144230],{},[15,144229,127659],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144232,84198,144233,144235],{},[15,144234,127659],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[51,144237,1570],{"id":1569},[56,144239,144241],{"className":58,"code":144240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144242,144243,144255,144269,144279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144244,144245,144247,144249,144251,144253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144246,34265],{"class":71},[65,144248,76],{"class":75},[65,144250,499],{"class":487},[65,144252,128500],{"class":491},[65,144254,2925],{"class":487},[65,144256,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144258,136],{"class":71},[65,144260,76],{"class":75},[65,144262,42425],{"class":71},[65,144264,144],{"class":79},[65,144266,34055],{"class":147},[65,144268,8220],{"class":79},[65,144270,144271,144273,144275,144277],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144272,164],{"class":163},[65,144274,151],{"class":79},[65,144276,169],{"class":147},[65,144278,157],{"class":79},[65,144280,144281],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144282,144283],{"class":175},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144285,144286,144288,144289,144291],{},[15,144287,127659],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[43,144290,45],{}," change the original string in place.",[51,144293,183,144295,186],{"id":144294},"what-upper-does",[15,144296,127659],{},[33,144298,144299,144304,144307,144309],{},[36,144300,144301,144303],{},[15,144302,127659],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,144305,144306],{},"It works on string values only",[36,144308,133029],{},[36,144310,135747],{},[20,144312,124533,144313,214,144315,144],{},[210,144314,135753],{"href":135752},[210,144316,124536],{"href":50560},[51,144318,222],{"id":221},[20,144320,1728],{},[56,144322,144324],{"className":58,"code":144323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.upper()\n",[15,144325,144326],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144327,144328,144330,144332,144334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144329,60759],{"class":71},[65,144331,144],{"class":79},[65,144333,34055],{"class":147},[65,144335,8220],{"class":79},[20,144337,11034],{},[33,144339,144340,144342,144345],{},[36,144341,97102],{},[36,144343,144344],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,144346,144347],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144349,144350],{},"Example with a variable:",[56,144352,144354],{"className":58,"code":144353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144355,144356,144368],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144357,144358,144360,144362,144364,144366],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144359,7451],{"class":71},[65,144361,76],{"class":75},[65,144363,499],{"class":487},[65,144365,60],{"class":491},[65,144367,2925],{"class":487},[65,144369,144370,144372,144374,144376,144378,144380],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144371,164],{"class":163},[65,144373,151],{"class":79},[65,144375,7241],{"class":147},[65,144377,144],{"class":79},[65,144379,34055],{"class":147},[65,144381,6766],{"class":79},[20,144383,144384],{},"Example with a string literal:",[56,144386,144388],{"className":58,"code":144387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144389,144390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144391,144392,144394,144396,144398,144400,144402,144404,144406],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144393,164],{"class":163},[65,144395,151],{"class":79},[65,144397,488],{"class":487},[65,144399,3412],{"class":491},[65,144401,488],{"class":487},[65,144403,144],{"class":79},[65,144405,34055],{"class":147},[65,144407,6766],{"class":79},[51,144409,467],{"id":466},[20,144411,144412],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[56,144414,144416],{"className":58,"code":144415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144417,144418,144430,144445,144449,144459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144419,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144421,5724],{"class":71},[65,144423,76],{"class":75},[65,144425,499],{"class":487},[65,144427,3657],{"class":491},[65,144429,2925],{"class":487},[65,144431,144432,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144433,144434],{"class":71},"uppercase_word ",[65,144436,76],{"class":75},[65,144438,37962],{"class":71},[65,144440,144],{"class":79},[65,144442,34055],{"class":147},[65,144444,8220],{"class":79},[65,144446,144447],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144448,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,144450,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144452,164],{"class":163},[65,144454,151],{"class":79},[65,144456,37972],{"class":147},[65,144458,157],{"class":79},[65,144460,144461,144463,144465,144468],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,144462,164],{"class":163},[65,144464,151],{"class":79},[65,144466,144467],{"class":147},"uppercase_word",[65,144469,157],{"class":79},[20,144471,350],{},[56,144473,144475],{"className":58,"code":144474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144476,144477,144481],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144478,144479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144480,69990],{"class":71},[65,144482,144483],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144484,144485],{"class":34030},"BANANA\n",[20,144487,111895],{},[33,144489,144490,144495],{},[36,144491,144492,144494],{},[15,144493,37972],{}," keeps its original value",[36,144496,144497,144499,144500],{},[15,144498,144467],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144501,127659],{},[51,144503,144505,144507],{"id":144504},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144506,127659],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144509,136413,144510,144512],{},[43,144511,136416],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144514,144515],{},"So this method:",[56,144517,144519],{"className":58,"code":144518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144520,144521,144533,144543,144547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144522,144523,144525,144527,144529,144531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144524,7451],{"class":71},[65,144526,76],{"class":75},[65,144528,499],{"class":487},[65,144530,17378],{"class":491},[65,144532,2925],{"class":487},[65,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144536,7241],{"class":71},[65,144538,144],{"class":79},[65,144540,34055],{"class":147},[65,144542,8220],{"class":79},[65,144544,144545],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144546,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144550,164],{"class":163},[65,144552,151],{"class":79},[65,144554,7241],{"class":147},[65,144556,157],{"class":79},[20,144558,350],{},[56,144560,144562],{"className":58,"code":144561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"alice\n",[15,144563,144564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144565,144566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144567,144561],{"class":71},[20,144569,20553,144570,144572,144573,144575],{},[15,144571,127659],{}," was called, ",[15,144574,7241],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144577,144578],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[56,144580,144582],{"className":58,"code":144581,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144583,144584,144596,144610,144614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144587,7451],{"class":71},[65,144589,76],{"class":75},[65,144591,499],{"class":487},[65,144593,17378],{"class":491},[65,144595,2925],{"class":487},[65,144597,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144599,7451],{"class":71},[65,144601,76],{"class":75},[65,144603,35571],{"class":71},[65,144605,144],{"class":79},[65,144607,34055],{"class":147},[65,144609,8220],{"class":79},[65,144611,144612],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144613,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,144615,144616,144618,144620,144622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144617,164],{"class":163},[65,144619,151],{"class":79},[65,144621,7241],{"class":147},[65,144623,157],{"class":79},[20,144625,350],{},[56,144627,144629],{"className":58,"code":144628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ALICE\n",[15,144630,144631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144632,144633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144634,144628],{"class":34030},[20,144636,144637],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[51,144639,144641],{"id":144640},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144643,144644,144646],{},[15,144645,127659],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,144648,144649,144652,144655,144658],{},[36,144650,144651],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,144653,144654],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,144656,144657],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,144659,144660],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144662,267],{},[56,144664,144666],{"className":58,"code":144665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144667,144668,144681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144669,144670,144672,144674,144676,144679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144671,34265],{"class":71},[65,144673,76],{"class":75},[65,144675,499],{"class":487},[65,144677,144678],{"class":491},"Room 7, table #3!",[65,144680,2925],{"class":487},[65,144682,144683,144685,144687,144689,144691,144693],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144684,164],{"class":163},[65,144686,151],{"class":79},[65,144688,34286],{"class":147},[65,144690,144],{"class":79},[65,144692,34055],{"class":147},[65,144694,6766],{"class":79},[20,144696,350],{},[56,144698,144700],{"className":58,"code":144699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144701,144702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144703,144704,144707,144709,144711,144714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144705,144706],{"class":34030},"ROOM",[65,144708,5563],{"class":83},[65,144710,87],{"class":79},[65,144712,144713],{"class":34030}," TABLE",[65,144715,144716],{"class":175}," #3!\n",[20,144718,144719],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[51,144721,4529,144723],{"id":144722},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144724,127659],{},[20,144726,144727,144729],{},[15,144728,127659],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144731,47924],{},[33,144733,144734,144737,144740],{},[36,144735,144736],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,144738,144739],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,144741,144742],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144744,144745],{},"Example: simple comparison",[56,144747,144749],{"className":58,"code":144748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144750,144751,144763,144767,144789],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144754,136024],{"class":71},[65,144756,76],{"class":75},[65,144758,499],{"class":487},[65,144760,8235],{"class":491},[65,144762,2925],{"class":487},[65,144764,144765],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144766,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,144768,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781,144783,144785,144787],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144770,6569],{"class":3444},[65,144772,136044],{"class":71},[65,144774,144],{"class":79},[65,144776,34055],{"class":147},[65,144778,6938],{"class":79},[65,144780,5978],{"class":75},[65,144782,499],{"class":487},[65,144784,136031],{"class":491},[65,144786,488],{"class":487},[65,144788,5963],{"class":79},[65,144790,144791,144793,144795,144797,144799,144801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144792,7644],{"class":163},[65,144794,151],{"class":79},[65,144796,488],{"class":487},[65,144798,143228],{"class":491},[65,144800,488],{"class":487},[65,144802,157],{"class":79},[20,144804,350],{},[56,144806,144807],{"className":58,"code":143237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,144808,144809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144810,144811],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144812,143237],{"class":71},[20,144814,144815,144816,1491,144818,1761,144820,144],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144817,8235],{},[15,144819,136817],{},[15,144821,136031],{},[51,144823,2396],{"id":2395},[1286,144825,95470],{"id":95469},[20,144827,7692,144828,144831],{},[15,144829,144830],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144833,16219],{},[56,144835,144837],{"className":58,"code":144836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144838,144839,144851,144861],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144840,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144842,34265],{"class":71},[65,144844,76],{"class":75},[65,144846,499],{"class":487},[65,144848,3412],{"class":491},[65,144850,2925],{"class":487},[65,144852,144853,144855,144857,144859],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144854,34286],{"class":71},[65,144856,144],{"class":79},[65,144858,34055],{"class":147},[65,144860,8220],{"class":79},[65,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144864,164],{"class":163},[65,144866,151],{"class":79},[65,144868,34286],{"class":147},[65,144870,157],{"class":79},[20,144872,350],{},[56,144874,144875],{"className":58,"code":138096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,144876,144877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144878,144879],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144880,138096],{"class":71},[20,144882,16231],{},[56,144884,144886],{"className":58,"code":144885,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144887,144888,144900,144914],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144889,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144891,34265],{"class":71},[65,144893,76],{"class":75},[65,144895,499],{"class":487},[65,144897,3412],{"class":491},[65,144899,2925],{"class":487},[65,144901,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910,144912],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144903,34265],{"class":71},[65,144905,76],{"class":75},[65,144907,42425],{"class":71},[65,144909,144],{"class":79},[65,144911,34055],{"class":147},[65,144913,8220],{"class":79},[65,144915,144916,144918,144920,144922],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,144917,164],{"class":163},[65,144919,151],{"class":79},[65,144921,34286],{"class":147},[65,144923,157],{"class":79},[20,144925,350],{},[56,144927,144929],{"className":58,"code":144928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HELLO\n",[15,144930,144931],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144932,144933],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144934,144928],{"class":34030},[1286,144936,18482,144938,136703],{"id":144937},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144939,127659],{},[20,144941,144942,144944],{},[15,144943,127659],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144946,267],{},[56,144948,144950],{"className":58,"code":144949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144951,144952,144960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144953,144954,144956,144958],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144955,1785],{"class":71},[65,144957,76],{"class":75},[65,144959,124463],{"class":83},[65,144961,144962,144964,144966,144968,144970,144972],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,144963,164],{"class":163},[65,144965,151],{"class":79},[65,144967,1807],{"class":147},[65,144969,144],{"class":79},[65,144971,34055],{"class":147},[65,144973,6766],{"class":79},[20,144975,39235,144976,144978,144979,33177],{},[15,144977,1757],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144980,127659],{},[20,144982,144983],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[56,144985,144987],{"className":58,"code":144986,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144988,144989,144997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144990,144991,144993,144995],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144992,1785],{"class":71},[65,144994,76],{"class":75},[65,144996,124463],{"class":83},[65,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145000,164],{"class":163},[65,145002,151],{"class":79},[65,145004,3010],{"class":1259},[65,145006,151],{"class":79},[65,145008,1807],{"class":147},[65,145010,1394],{"class":79},[65,145012,34055],{"class":147},[65,145014,6766],{"class":79},[20,145016,350],{},[56,145018,145020],{"className":58,"code":145019,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"123\n",[15,145021,145022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145023,145024],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145025,145019],{"class":83},[1286,145027,36784,145029,145031],{"id":145028},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145030,127659],{}," with title case",[20,145033,145034,145036,145037,145040],{},[15,145035,127659],{}," makes ",[43,145038,145039],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[56,145042,145044],{"className":58,"code":145043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145045,145046,145058],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145047,145048,145050,145052,145054,145056],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145049,34265],{"class":71},[65,145051,76],{"class":75},[65,145053,499],{"class":487},[65,145055,59991],{"class":491},[65,145057,2925],{"class":487},[65,145059,145060,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145061,164],{"class":163},[65,145063,151],{"class":79},[65,145065,34286],{"class":147},[65,145067,144],{"class":79},[65,145069,34055],{"class":147},[65,145071,6766],{"class":79},[20,145073,350],{},[56,145075,145077],{"className":58,"code":145076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145078,145079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145080,145081,145083],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145082,135805],{"class":34030},[65,145084,145085],{"class":34030}," WORLD\n",[20,145087,145088,145089,145093,145094,145098],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[210,145090,145091],{"href":123508},[15,145092,123511],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[210,145095,145096],{"href":129362},[15,145097,123952],{}," changes parts of a string.",[51,145100,145102],{"id":145101},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145104,145105,145106,191],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145107,127659],{},[33,145109,145110,145117,145124,145131],{},[36,145111,145112,145116],{},[210,145113,145114],{"href":123508},[15,145115,123511],{}," for lowercase text",[36,145118,145119,145123],{},[210,145120,145121],{"href":136351},[15,145122,41236],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,145125,145126,145130],{},[210,145127,145128],{"href":129362},[15,145129,123952],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,145132,145133,634,145135,145137],{},[15,145134,127149],{},[15,145136,125839],{}," for checks",[20,145139,267],{},[56,145141,145143],{"className":58,"code":145142,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145144,145145,145157,145161,145176,145192,145196],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145146,145147,145149,145151,145153,145155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145148,34265],{"class":71},[65,145150,76],{"class":75},[65,145152,499],{"class":487},[65,145154,142879],{"class":491},[65,145156,2925],{"class":487},[65,145158,145159],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145160,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,145162,145163,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,145164,145165],{"class":71},"cleaned ",[65,145167,76],{"class":75},[65,145169,42425],{"class":71},[65,145171,144],{"class":79},[65,145173,8211],{"class":147},[65,145175,8220],{"class":79},[65,145177,145178,145181,145183,145186,145188,145190],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145179,145180],{"class":71},"loud ",[65,145182,76],{"class":75},[65,145184,145185],{"class":71}," cleaned",[65,145187,144],{"class":79},[65,145189,34055],{"class":147},[65,145191,8220],{"class":79},[65,145193,145194],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,145195,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,145197,145198,145200,145202,145205],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,145199,164],{"class":163},[65,145201,151],{"class":79},[65,145203,145204],{"class":147},"loud",[65,145206,157],{"class":79},[20,145208,350],{},[56,145210,145211],{"className":58,"code":145076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145212,145213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145214,145215,145217],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145216,135805],{"class":34030},[65,145218,145085],{"class":34030},[51,145220,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,145222,1289,145224,124108],{"id":145223},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145225,127659],{},[20,145227,145228],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1286,145230,1289,145232,137085],{"id":145231},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145233,127659],{},[20,145235,145236,145237,144],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145238,144830],{},[1286,145240,145242],{"id":145241},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145244,145245,145246,145248],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145247,127659],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1286,145250,1316,145252,145254],{"id":145251},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145253,127659],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145256,145257],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145259,267],{},[56,145261,145263],{"className":58,"code":145262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145264,145265,145277,145290,145294],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145266,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145268,72],{"class":71},[65,145270,76],{"class":75},[65,145272,499],{"class":487},[65,145274,60],{"class":491},[65,145276,2925],{"class":487},[65,145278,145279,145281,145283,145285,145288],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145280,104],{"class":71},[65,145282,76],{"class":75},[65,145284,499],{"class":487},[65,145286,145287],{"class":491},"PYTHON",[65,145289,2925],{"class":487},[65,145291,145292],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,145293,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145297,164],{"class":163},[65,145299,151],{"class":79},[65,145301,210],{"class":147},[65,145303,144],{"class":79},[65,145305,34055],{"class":147},[65,145307,6938],{"class":79},[65,145309,5978],{"class":75},[65,145311,2126],{"class":147},[65,145313,144],{"class":79},[65,145315,34055],{"class":147},[65,145317,6766],{"class":79},[20,145319,350],{},[56,145321,145322],{"className":58,"code":3549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145323,145324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145325,145326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145327,3549],{"class":3419},[51,145329,1455],{"id":1454},[33,145331,145332,145336,145342,145348,145354,145358,145362],{},[36,145333,145334],{},[210,145335,124536],{"href":50560},[36,145337,145338],{},[210,145339,125781,145340,1474],{"href":123508},[15,145341,123511],{},[36,145343,145344],{},[210,145345,125781,145346,1474],{"href":136351},[15,145347,41236],{},[36,145349,145350],{},[210,145351,125781,145352,1474],{"href":129362},[15,145353,123952],{},[36,145355,145356],{},[210,145357,90264],{"href":89273},[36,145359,145360],{},[210,145361,124180],{"href":123036},[36,145363,145364],{},[210,145365,137171],{"href":135752},[1499,145367,145368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":145370},[145371,145372,145374,145375,145376,145378,145379,145381,145388,145389,145398],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":144294,"depth":101,"text":145373},"What upper() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":144504,"depth":101,"text":145377},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144640,"depth":101,"text":144641},{"id":144722,"depth":101,"text":145380},"When to use upper()",{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":145382},[145383,145384,145386],{"id":95469,"depth":126,"text":95470},{"id":144937,"depth":126,"text":145385},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145028,"depth":126,"text":145387},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145101,"depth":101,"text":145102},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":145390},[145391,145393,145395,145396],{"id":145223,"depth":126,"text":145392},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145231,"depth":126,"text":145394},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145241,"depth":126,"text":145242},{"id":145251,"depth":126,"text":145397},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144218,"description":145399},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145406,"title":145407,"body":145408,"description":147285,"extension":1528,"meta":147286,"navigation":129,"path":147287,"seo":147288,"stem":147289,"__hash__":147290},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145409,"toc":147235},[145410,145416,145423,145429,145431,145487,145492,145497,145502,145505,145524,145527,145529,145553,145571,145582,145584,145587,145640,145642,145650,145652,145670,145675,145678,145735,145737,145746,145749,145769,145772,145778,145783,145785,145828,145830,145838,145841,145882,145884,145893,145899,145905,145932,145934,145942,145947,145951,145963,146006,146008,146016,146021,146027,146032,146036,146038,146081,146084,146131,146133,146142,146149,146153,146156,146202,146207,146211,146213,146256,146259,146267,146269,146274,146276,146278,146297,146300,146312,146314,146333,146335,146343,146347,146349,146400,146403,146478,146480,146488,146491,146495,146497,146544,146547,146618,146620,146628,146634,146636,146711,146715,146794,146796,146804,146810,146816,146821,146826,146875,146879,146950,146953,146958,146969,146972,146983,146993,146995,147000,147025,147030,147111,147113,147138,147140,147145,147148,147154,147163,147169,147172,147178,147184,147191,147194,147196,147232],[10,145411,3143,145413,3147],{"id":145412},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145414,145415],{},"sum()",[20,145417,8701,145418,145420,145421,24339],{},[15,145419,145415],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145422,59583],{},[20,145424,145425,145426,145428],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145427,35652],{}," value and a few important limits.",[51,145430,1570],{"id":1569},[56,145432,145434],{"className":58,"code":145433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145435,145436,145460,145475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145437,145438,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145439,3185],{"class":71},[65,145441,76],{"class":75},[65,145443,1339],{"class":79},[65,145445,84],{"class":83},[65,145447,87],{"class":79},[65,145449,90],{"class":83},[65,145451,87],{"class":79},[65,145453,95],{"class":83},[65,145455,87],{"class":79},[65,145457,116],{"class":83},[65,145459,1352],{"class":79},[65,145461,145462,145464,145466,145469,145471,145473],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145463,40765],{"class":71},[65,145465,76],{"class":75},[65,145467,145468],{"class":163}," sum",[65,145470,151],{"class":79},[65,145472,3215],{"class":147},[65,145474,157],{"class":79},[65,145476,145477,145479,145481,145483,145485],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,145478,164],{"class":163},[65,145480,151],{"class":79},[65,145482,40794],{"class":147},[65,145484,172],{"class":79},[65,145486,26371],{"class":175},[20,145488,1660,145489,145491],{},[15,145490,145415],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[51,145493,183,145495,186],{"id":145494},"what-sum-does",[15,145496,145415],{},[20,145498,145499,145501],{},[15,145500,145415],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145503,145504],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,145506,145507,145510,145513,145518],{},[36,145508,145509],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,145511,145512],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,145514,145515,145516],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145517,35778],{},[36,145519,145520,145521,145523],{},"Counting ",[15,145522,3172],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145525,145526],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[51,145528,222],{"id":221},[56,145530,145532],{"className":58,"code":145531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145535,145536,145539,145541,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145537,145538],{"class":163},"sum",[65,145540,151],{"class":79},[65,145542,3286],{"class":147},[65,145544,87],{"class":79},[65,145546,35631],{"class":8754},[65,145548,76],{"class":75},[65,145550,1688],{"class":83},[65,145552,157],{"class":79},[33,145554,145555,145560,145565],{},[36,145556,145557,145559],{},[15,145558,3286],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,145561,145562,145564],{},[15,145563,35652],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,145566,145567,145568],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145569,145570],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145572,145573,145574,145577,145578,144],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145575,145576,3286],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[210,145579,145580,24192],{"href":35775},[15,145581,35778],{},[51,145583,467],{"id":466},[20,145585,145586],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[56,145588,145590],{"className":58,"code":145589,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145591,145592,145612,145626,145630],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145593,145594,145596,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145595,3185],{"class":71},[65,145597,76],{"class":75},[65,145599,1339],{"class":79},[65,145601,1705],{"class":83},[65,145603,87],{"class":79},[65,145605,5574],{"class":83},[65,145607,87],{"class":79},[65,145609,37517],{"class":83},[65,145611,1352],{"class":79},[65,145613,145614,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145615,40765],{"class":71},[65,145617,76],{"class":75},[65,145619,145468],{"class":163},[65,145621,151],{"class":79},[65,145623,3215],{"class":147},[65,145625,157],{"class":79},[65,145627,145628],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,145629,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,145631,145632,145634,145636,145638],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145633,164],{"class":163},[65,145635,151],{"class":79},[65,145637,40794],{"class":147},[65,145639,157],{"class":79},[20,145641,350],{},[56,145643,145644],{"className":58,"code":69424,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145645,145646],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145647,145648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145649,69424],{"class":83},[20,145651,11258],{},[33,145653,145654,145659,145665],{},[36,145655,145656,145658],{},[15,145657,3215],{}," contains three integers",[36,145660,145661,145664],{},[15,145662,145663],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,145666,145667,145668],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145669,40794],{},[51,145671,946,145673,8010],{"id":145672},"using-the-start-value",[15,145674,35652],{},[20,145676,145677],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[56,145679,145681],{"className":58,"code":145680,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145682,145683,145703,145721,145725],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145684,145685,145687,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145686,3185],{"class":71},[65,145688,76],{"class":75},[65,145690,1339],{"class":79},[65,145692,84],{"class":83},[65,145694,87],{"class":79},[65,145696,90],{"class":83},[65,145698,87],{"class":79},[65,145700,95],{"class":83},[65,145702,1352],{"class":79},[65,145704,145705,145707,145709,145711,145713,145715,145717,145719],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145706,40765],{"class":71},[65,145708,76],{"class":75},[65,145710,145468],{"class":163},[65,145712,151],{"class":79},[65,145714,3215],{"class":147},[65,145716,87],{"class":79},[65,145718,5574],{"class":83},[65,145720,157],{"class":79},[65,145722,145723],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,145724,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,145726,145727,145729,145731,145733],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145728,164],{"class":163},[65,145730,151],{"class":79},[65,145732,40794],{"class":147},[65,145734,157],{"class":79},[20,145736,350],{},[56,145738,145740],{"className":58,"code":145739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"16\n",[15,145741,145742],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145743,145744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145745,145739],{"class":83},[20,145747,145748],{},"This works like:",[33,145750,145751,145756,145761,145765],{},[36,145752,145753,145754],{},"Start at ",[15,145755,1898],{},[36,145757,145758,145759],{},"Add ",[15,145760,84],{},[36,145762,145758,145763],{},[15,145764,1624],{},[36,145766,145758,145767],{},[15,145768,111],{},[20,145770,145771],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[51,145773,183,145775,145777],{"id":145774},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145776,145415],{}," can work with",[20,145779,145780,145782],{},[15,145781,145415],{}," works with numeric values.",[1286,145784,40007],{"id":40006},[56,145786,145788],{"className":58,"code":145787,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145789,145790,145814],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145791,145792,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145793,3389],{"class":71},[65,145795,76],{"class":75},[65,145797,1339],{"class":79},[65,145799,84],{"class":83},[65,145801,87],{"class":79},[65,145803,90],{"class":83},[65,145805,87],{"class":79},[65,145807,95],{"class":83},[65,145809,87],{"class":79},[65,145811,116],{"class":83},[65,145813,1352],{"class":79},[65,145815,145816,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145817,164],{"class":163},[65,145819,151],{"class":79},[65,145821,145538],{"class":163},[65,145823,151],{"class":79},[65,145825,4928],{"class":147},[65,145827,1028],{"class":79},[20,145829,350],{},[56,145831,145832],{"className":58,"code":1944,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145833,145834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145835,145836],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145837,1944],{"class":83},[1286,145839,145840],{"id":51631},"Floats",[56,145842,145844],{"className":58,"code":145843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145845,145846,145868],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145847,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858,145861,145863,145866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145849,82629],{"class":71},[65,145851,76],{"class":75},[65,145853,1339],{"class":79},[65,145855,40741],{"class":83},[65,145857,87],{"class":79},[65,145859,145860],{"class":83}," 3.75",[65,145862,87],{"class":79},[65,145864,145865],{"class":83}," 1.25",[65,145867,1352],{"class":79},[65,145869,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145871,164],{"class":163},[65,145873,151],{"class":79},[65,145875,145538],{"class":163},[65,145877,151],{"class":79},[65,145879,82665],{"class":147},[65,145881,1028],{"class":79},[20,145883,350],{},[56,145885,145887],{"className":58,"code":145886,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.5\n",[15,145888,145889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145890,145891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145892,145886],{"class":83},[20,145894,145895,145896,144],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[210,145897,145898],{"href":1987},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1286,145900,145902,145903],{"id":145901},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145904,35778],{},[56,145906,145908],{"className":58,"code":145907,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145909,145910],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145911,145912,145914,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926,145928,145930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145913,164],{"class":163},[65,145915,151],{"class":79},[65,145917,145538],{"class":163},[65,145919,151],{"class":79},[65,145921,59583],{"class":163},[65,145923,151],{"class":79},[65,145925,84],{"class":83},[65,145927,87],{"class":79},[65,145929,37224],{"class":83},[65,145931,2478],{"class":79},[20,145933,350],{},[56,145935,145936],{"className":58,"code":46625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145937,145938],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145939,145940],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145941,46625],{"class":83},[20,145943,112985,145944,144],{},[15,145945,145946],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1286,145948,145950],{"id":145949},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145952,145953,145954,145956,145957,634,145959,145956,145961,144],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145955,3172],{}," acts like ",[15,145958,84],{},[15,145960,3240],{},[15,145962,1688],{},[56,145964,145966],{"className":58,"code":145965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145967,145968,145992],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145969,145970,145972,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145971,51551],{"class":71},[65,145973,76],{"class":75},[65,145975,1339],{"class":79},[65,145977,3172],{"class":3419},[65,145979,87],{"class":79},[65,145981,3476],{"class":3419},[65,145983,87],{"class":79},[65,145985,3485],{"class":3419},[65,145987,87],{"class":79},[65,145989,3485],{"class":3419},[65,145991,1352],{"class":79},[65,145993,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,145995,164],{"class":163},[65,145997,151],{"class":79},[65,145999,145538],{"class":163},[65,146001,151],{"class":79},[65,146003,51604],{"class":147},[65,146005,1028],{"class":79},[20,146007,350],{},[56,146009,146010],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146011,146012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146013,146014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146015,46201],{"class":83},[20,146017,146018,146019,144],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146020,3172],{},[51,146022,183,146024,146026],{"id":146023},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146025,145415],{}," does not work with",[20,146028,146029,146031],{},[15,146030,145415],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1286,146033,146035],{"id":146034},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146037,2403],{},[56,146039,146041],{"className":58,"code":146040,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146042,146043,146067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146046,3639],{"class":71},[65,146048,76],{"class":75},[65,146050,1339],{"class":79},[65,146052,488],{"class":487},[65,146054,3412],{"class":491},[65,146056,488],{"class":487},[65,146058,87],{"class":79},[65,146060,499],{"class":487},[65,146062,60176],{"class":491},[65,146064,488],{"class":487},[65,146066,1352],{"class":79},[65,146068,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146070,164],{"class":163},[65,146072,151],{"class":79},[65,146074,145538],{"class":163},[65,146076,151],{"class":79},[65,146078,3683],{"class":147},[65,146080,1028],{"class":79},[20,146082,146083],{},"Use string joining instead:",[56,146085,146087],{"className":58,"code":146086,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146088,146089,146113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146090,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146092,3639],{"class":71},[65,146094,76],{"class":75},[65,146096,1339],{"class":79},[65,146098,488],{"class":487},[65,146100,3412],{"class":491},[65,146102,488],{"class":487},[65,146104,87],{"class":79},[65,146106,499],{"class":487},[65,146108,60176],{"class":491},[65,146110,488],{"class":487},[65,146112,1352],{"class":79},[65,146114,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146116,164],{"class":163},[65,146118,151],{"class":79},[65,146120,5842],{"class":487},[65,146122,144],{"class":79},[65,146124,132940],{"class":147},[65,146126,151],{"class":79},[65,146128,3683],{"class":147},[65,146130,1028],{"class":79},[20,146132,350],{},[56,146134,146136],{"className":58,"code":146135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"helloworld\n",[15,146137,146138],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146139,146140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146141,146135],{"class":71},[20,146143,146144,146145,144],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[210,146146,146147,5352],{"href":41758},[15,146148,47268],{},[1286,146150,146152],{"id":146151},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146154,146155],{},"This also causes an error:",[56,146157,146159],{"className":58,"code":146158,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146160,146161,146188],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146162,146163,146166,146168,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146164,146165],{"class":71},"lists ",[65,146167,76],{"class":75},[65,146169,55880],{"class":79},[65,146171,84],{"class":83},[65,146173,87],{"class":79},[65,146175,90],{"class":83},[65,146177,17637],{"class":79},[65,146179,1339],{"class":79},[65,146181,111],{"class":83},[65,146183,87],{"class":79},[65,146185,116],{"class":83},[65,146187,52828],{"class":79},[65,146189,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146191,164],{"class":163},[65,146193,151],{"class":79},[65,146195,145538],{"class":163},[65,146197,151],{"class":79},[65,146199,4869],{"class":147},[65,146201,1028],{"class":79},[20,146203,146204,146206],{},[15,146205,145415],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1286,146208,146210],{"id":146209},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146212,405],{},[56,146214,146216],{"className":58,"code":146215,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146217,146218,146242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146219,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146221,3389],{"class":71},[65,146223,76],{"class":75},[65,146225,1339],{"class":79},[65,146227,84],{"class":83},[65,146229,87],{"class":79},[65,146231,90],{"class":83},[65,146233,87],{"class":79},[65,146235,499],{"class":487},[65,146237,111],{"class":491},[65,146239,488],{"class":487},[65,146241,1352],{"class":79},[65,146243,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146245,164],{"class":163},[65,146247,151],{"class":79},[65,146249,145538],{"class":163},[65,146251,151],{"class":79},[65,146253,4928],{"class":147},[65,146255,1028],{"class":79},[20,146257,146258],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146260,146261,146262,146264,146265,144],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146263,65529],{},", convert them first. See ",[210,146266,2529],{"href":2528},[51,146268,41087],{"id":41086},[20,146270,146271,146272,144],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146273,145415],{},[1286,146275,6095],{"id":6094},[20,146277,4094],{},[56,146279,146281],{"className":58,"code":146280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146282,146283],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146284,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146286,164],{"class":163},[65,146288,151],{"class":79},[65,146290,145538],{"class":163},[65,146292,151],{"class":79},[65,146294,1705],{"class":83},[65,146296,1028],{"class":79},[20,146298,146299],{},"Why it fails:",[33,146301,146302,146307],{},[36,146303,146304,146306],{},[15,146305,1705],{}," is a single integer",[36,146308,146309,146311],{},[15,146310,145415],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146313,6125],{},[56,146315,146317],{"className":58,"code":146316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146318,146319],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146320,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146322,164],{"class":163},[65,146324,151],{"class":79},[65,146326,145538],{"class":163},[65,146328,2552],{"class":79},[65,146330,1705],{"class":83},[65,146332,2565],{"class":79},[20,146334,350],{},[56,146336,146337],{"className":58,"code":2513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146338,146339],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146340,146341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146342,2513],{"class":83},[1286,146344,146346],{"id":146345},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146348,4094],{},[56,146350,146352],{"className":58,"code":146351,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146353,146354,146386],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146355,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146357,3389],{"class":71},[65,146359,76],{"class":75},[65,146361,1339],{"class":79},[65,146363,488],{"class":487},[65,146365,84],{"class":491},[65,146367,488],{"class":487},[65,146369,87],{"class":79},[65,146371,499],{"class":487},[65,146373,1624],{"class":491},[65,146375,488],{"class":487},[65,146377,87],{"class":79},[65,146379,499],{"class":487},[65,146381,111],{"class":491},[65,146383,488],{"class":487},[65,146385,1352],{"class":79},[65,146387,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146389,164],{"class":163},[65,146391,151],{"class":79},[65,146393,145538],{"class":163},[65,146395,151],{"class":79},[65,146397,4928],{"class":147},[65,146399,1028],{"class":79},[20,146401,146402],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[56,146404,146406],{"className":58,"code":146405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146407,146408,146440,146468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146409,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146411,3389],{"class":71},[65,146413,76],{"class":75},[65,146415,1339],{"class":79},[65,146417,488],{"class":487},[65,146419,84],{"class":491},[65,146421,488],{"class":487},[65,146423,87],{"class":79},[65,146425,499],{"class":487},[65,146427,1624],{"class":491},[65,146429,488],{"class":487},[65,146431,87],{"class":79},[65,146433,499],{"class":487},[65,146435,111],{"class":491},[65,146437,488],{"class":487},[65,146439,1352],{"class":79},[65,146441,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146443,40765],{"class":71},[65,146445,76],{"class":75},[65,146447,145468],{"class":163},[65,146449,151],{"class":79},[65,146451,1757],{"class":1259},[65,146453,151],{"class":79},[65,146455,1742],{"class":147},[65,146457,172],{"class":79},[65,146459,3445],{"class":3444},[65,146461,3448],{"class":147},[65,146463,3451],{"class":3444},[65,146465,3454],{"class":147},[65,146467,157],{"class":79},[65,146469,146470,146472,146474,146476],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,146471,164],{"class":163},[65,146473,151],{"class":79},[65,146475,40794],{"class":147},[65,146477,157],{"class":79},[20,146479,350],{},[56,146481,146482],{"className":58,"code":2221,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146483,146484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146485,146486],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146487,2221],{"class":83},[20,146489,146490],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1286,146492,146494],{"id":146493},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146496,4094],{},[56,146498,146500],{"className":58,"code":146499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146501,146502,146530],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146503,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146505,3389],{"class":71},[65,146507,76],{"class":75},[65,146509,1339],{"class":79},[65,146511,84],{"class":83},[65,146513,87],{"class":79},[65,146515,90],{"class":83},[65,146517,87],{"class":79},[65,146519,499],{"class":487},[65,146521,111],{"class":491},[65,146523,488],{"class":487},[65,146525,87],{"class":79},[65,146527,116],{"class":83},[65,146529,1352],{"class":79},[65,146531,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146533,164],{"class":163},[65,146535,151],{"class":79},[65,146537,145538],{"class":163},[65,146539,151],{"class":79},[65,146541,4928],{"class":147},[65,146543,1028],{"class":79},[20,146545,146546],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[56,146548,146550],{"className":58,"code":146549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146551,146552,146580,146608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146553,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146555,3389],{"class":71},[65,146557,76],{"class":75},[65,146559,1339],{"class":79},[65,146561,84],{"class":83},[65,146563,87],{"class":79},[65,146565,90],{"class":83},[65,146567,87],{"class":79},[65,146569,499],{"class":487},[65,146571,111],{"class":491},[65,146573,488],{"class":487},[65,146575,87],{"class":79},[65,146577,116],{"class":83},[65,146579,1352],{"class":79},[65,146581,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146583,40765],{"class":71},[65,146585,76],{"class":75},[65,146587,145468],{"class":163},[65,146589,151],{"class":79},[65,146591,1757],{"class":1259},[65,146593,151],{"class":79},[65,146595,1742],{"class":147},[65,146597,172],{"class":79},[65,146599,3445],{"class":3444},[65,146601,3448],{"class":147},[65,146603,3451],{"class":3444},[65,146605,3454],{"class":147},[65,146607,157],{"class":79},[65,146609,146610,146612,146614,146616],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,146611,164],{"class":163},[65,146613,151],{"class":79},[65,146615,40794],{"class":147},[65,146617,157],{"class":79},[20,146619,350],{},[56,146621,146622],{"className":58,"code":1944,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146623,146624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146625,146626],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146627,1944],{"class":83},[1286,146629,7994,146631,146633],{"id":146630},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146632,145415],{}," to join text",[20,146635,4094],{},[56,146637,146639],{"className":58,"code":146638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146640,146641,146697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146642,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146644,35670],{"class":71},[65,146646,76],{"class":75},[65,146648,1339],{"class":79},[65,146650,488],{"class":487},[65,146652,133539],{"class":491},[65,146654,488],{"class":487},[65,146656,87],{"class":79},[65,146658,499],{"class":487},[65,146660,11320],{"class":491},[65,146662,488],{"class":487},[65,146664,87],{"class":79},[65,146666,499],{"class":487},[65,146668,62871],{"class":491},[65,146670,488],{"class":487},[65,146672,87],{"class":79},[65,146674,499],{"class":487},[65,146676,60023],{"class":491},[65,146678,488],{"class":487},[65,146680,87],{"class":79},[65,146682,499],{"class":487},[65,146684,60058],{"class":491},[65,146686,488],{"class":487},[65,146688,87],{"class":79},[65,146690,499],{"class":487},[65,146692,75614],{"class":491},[65,146694,488],{"class":487},[65,146696,1352],{"class":79},[65,146698,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146700,164],{"class":163},[65,146702,151],{"class":79},[65,146704,145538],{"class":163},[65,146706,151],{"class":79},[65,146708,35723],{"class":147},[65,146710,1028],{"class":79},[20,146712,1660,146713,60117],{},[15,146714,132863],{},[56,146716,146718],{"className":58,"code":146717,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146719,146720,146776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146721,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146723,35670],{"class":71},[65,146725,76],{"class":75},[65,146727,1339],{"class":79},[65,146729,488],{"class":487},[65,146731,133539],{"class":491},[65,146733,488],{"class":487},[65,146735,87],{"class":79},[65,146737,499],{"class":487},[65,146739,11320],{"class":491},[65,146741,488],{"class":487},[65,146743,87],{"class":79},[65,146745,499],{"class":487},[65,146747,62871],{"class":491},[65,146749,488],{"class":487},[65,146751,87],{"class":79},[65,146753,499],{"class":487},[65,146755,60023],{"class":491},[65,146757,488],{"class":487},[65,146759,87],{"class":79},[65,146761,499],{"class":487},[65,146763,60058],{"class":491},[65,146765,488],{"class":487},[65,146767,87],{"class":79},[65,146769,499],{"class":487},[65,146771,75614],{"class":491},[65,146773,488],{"class":487},[65,146775,1352],{"class":79},[65,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146779,164],{"class":163},[65,146781,151],{"class":79},[65,146783,5842],{"class":487},[65,146785,144],{"class":79},[65,146787,132940],{"class":147},[65,146789,151],{"class":79},[65,146791,35723],{"class":147},[65,146793,1028],{"class":79},[20,146795,350],{},[56,146797,146798],{"className":58,"code":133620,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146799,146800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146801,146802],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146803,133620],{"class":71},[20,146805,146806,146807,144],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[210,146808,146809],{"href":134701},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[51,146811,146813,146815],{"id":146812},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146814,145415],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146817,146818,146820],{},[15,146819,145415],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1286,146822,7994,146824],{"id":146823},"using-sum",[15,146825,145415],{},[56,146827,146829],{"className":58,"code":146828,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146830,146831,146851,146865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146832,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146834,3185],{"class":71},[65,146836,76],{"class":75},[65,146838,1339],{"class":79},[65,146840,2072],{"class":83},[65,146842,87],{"class":79},[65,146844,5563],{"class":83},[65,146846,87],{"class":79},[65,146848,53722],{"class":83},[65,146850,1352],{"class":79},[65,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146854,40765],{"class":71},[65,146856,76],{"class":75},[65,146858,145468],{"class":163},[65,146860,151],{"class":79},[65,146862,3215],{"class":147},[65,146864,157],{"class":79},[65,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,146868,164],{"class":163},[65,146870,151],{"class":79},[65,146872,40794],{"class":147},[65,146874,157],{"class":79},[1286,146876,146878],{"id":146877},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[56,146880,146882],{"className":58,"code":146881,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146883,146884,146904,146912,146916,146928,146936,146940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146885,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146887,3185],{"class":71},[65,146889,76],{"class":75},[65,146891,1339],{"class":79},[65,146893,2072],{"class":83},[65,146895,87],{"class":79},[65,146897,5563],{"class":83},[65,146899,87],{"class":79},[65,146901,53722],{"class":83},[65,146903,1352],{"class":79},[65,146905,146906,146908,146910],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,146907,40765],{"class":71},[65,146909,76],{"class":75},[65,146911,38094],{"class":83},[65,146913,146914],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,146915,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,146917,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146919,5527],{"class":3444},[65,146921,5956],{"class":71},[65,146923,3451],{"class":3444},[65,146925,3833],{"class":71},[65,146927,5963],{"class":79},[65,146929,146930,146932,146934],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,146931,89688],{"class":71},[65,146933,89691],{"class":75},[65,146935,89694],{"class":71},[65,146937,146938],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,146939,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,146941,146942,146944,146946,146948],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,146943,164],{"class":163},[65,146945,151],{"class":79},[65,146947,40794],{"class":147},[65,146949,157],{"class":79},[20,146951,146952],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146954,2056,146955,146957],{},[15,146956,145415],{}," is often better:",[33,146959,146960,146963,146966],{},[36,146961,146962],{},"Shorter code",[36,146964,146965],{},"Easier to read",[36,146967,146968],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146970,146971],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,146973,146974,146977,146980],{},[36,146975,146976],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,146978,146979],{},"You need extra checks",[36,146981,146982],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146984,146985,146986,146989,146990,146992],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[210,146987,146988],{"href":39590},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146991,145415],{}," on the filtered result.",[51,146994,2396],{"id":2395},[20,146996,146997,146998,191],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146999,145415],{},[33,147001,147002,147008,147015,147022],{},[36,147003,147004,147005],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147006,147007],{},"sum(5)",[36,147009,147010,147011,147014],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147012,147013],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,147016,7994,147017,147019,147020],{},[15,147018,145415],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147021,132863],{},[36,147023,147024],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147026,8453,147027,147029],{},[15,147028,145415],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[56,147031,147033],{"className":58,"code":147032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147034,147035,147045,147059,147083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147036,147037,147039,147041,147043],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147038,164],{"class":163},[65,147040,151],{"class":79},[65,147042,4928],{"class":147},[65,147044,157],{"class":79},[65,147046,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147048,164],{"class":163},[65,147050,151],{"class":79},[65,147052,1260],{"class":1259},[65,147054,151],{"class":79},[65,147056,4928],{"class":147},[65,147058,1028],{"class":79},[65,147060,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147062,164],{"class":163},[65,147064,2552],{"class":79},[65,147066,1260],{"class":1259},[65,147068,151],{"class":79},[65,147070,1742],{"class":147},[65,147072,172],{"class":79},[65,147074,3445],{"class":3444},[65,147076,3448],{"class":147},[65,147078,3451],{"class":3444},[65,147080,3454],{"class":147},[65,147082,3457],{"class":79},[65,147084,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147086,164],{"class":163},[65,147088,151],{"class":79},[65,147090,145538],{"class":163},[65,147092,2552],{"class":79},[65,147094,1757],{"class":1259},[65,147096,151],{"class":79},[65,147098,1742],{"class":147},[65,147100,172],{"class":79},[65,147102,3445],{"class":3444},[65,147104,3448],{"class":147},[65,147106,3451],{"class":3444},[65,147108,3454],{"class":147},[65,147110,2565],{"class":79},[20,147112,135434],{},[33,147114,147115,147121,147127,147132],{},[36,147116,147117,147120],{},[15,147118,147119],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,147122,147123,147126],{},[15,147124,147125],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,147128,147129,135456],{},[15,147130,147131],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,147133,147134,147137],{},[15,147135,147136],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[51,147139,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,147141,4711,147143,4714],{"id":147142},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147144,145415],{},[20,147146,147147],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1286,147149,4739,147151,147153],{"id":147150},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147152,145415],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147155,29845,147156,214,147159,147162],{},[15,147157,147158],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147160,147161],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1286,147164,4739,147166,147168],{"id":147165},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147167,145415],{}," work with floats?",[20,147170,147171],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1286,147173,147175,147176,1304],{"id":147174},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147177,145415],{},[20,147179,147180,147181,147183],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147182,35652],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1286,147185,4727,147187,118819,147189,1304],{"id":147186},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147188,145415],{},[15,147190,2571],{},[20,147192,147193],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[51,147195,1455],{"id":1454},[33,147197,147198,147202,147208,147214,147220,147224,147228],{},[36,147199,147200],{},[210,147201,145898],{"href":1987},[36,147203,147204],{},[210,147205,3143,147206,3076],{"href":35775},[15,147207,35778],{},[36,147209,147210],{},[210,147211,3143,147212,3076],{"href":41941},[15,147213,41944],{},[36,147215,147216],{},[210,147217,3143,147218,3076],{"href":41758},[15,147219,47268],{},[36,147221,147222],{},[210,147223,4790],{"href":39590},[36,147225,147226],{},[210,147227,3093],{"href":2528},[36,147229,147230],{},[210,147231,146809],{"href":134701},[1499,147233,147234],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":147236},[147237,147238,147240,147241,147242,147244,147252,147258,147265,147271,147272,147284],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":145494,"depth":101,"text":147239},"What sum() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":145672,"depth":101,"text":147243},"Using the start value",{"id":145774,"depth":101,"text":147245,"children":147246},"What sum() can work with",[147247,147248,147249,147251],{"id":40006,"depth":126,"text":40007},{"id":51631,"depth":126,"text":145840},{"id":145901,"depth":126,"text":147250},"Values from range()",{"id":145949,"depth":126,"text":145950},{"id":146023,"depth":101,"text":147253,"children":147254},"What sum() does not work with",[147255,147256,147257],{"id":146034,"depth":126,"text":146035},{"id":146151,"depth":126,"text":146152},{"id":146209,"depth":126,"text":146210},{"id":41086,"depth":101,"text":41087,"children":147259},[147260,147261,147262,147263],{"id":6094,"depth":126,"text":6095},{"id":146345,"depth":126,"text":146346},{"id":146493,"depth":126,"text":146494},{"id":146630,"depth":126,"text":147264},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146812,"depth":101,"text":147266,"children":147267},"sum() vs manual loop",[147268,147270],{"id":146823,"depth":126,"text":147269},"Using sum()",{"id":146877,"depth":126,"text":146878},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":147273},[147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"id":147142,"depth":126,"text":147275},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147150,"depth":126,"text":147277},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147165,"depth":126,"text":147279},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147174,"depth":126,"text":147281},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147186,"depth":126,"text":147283},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145407,"description":147285},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147292,"title":147293,"body":147294,"description":148696,"extension":1528,"meta":148697,"navigation":129,"path":148698,"seo":148699,"stem":148700,"__hash__":148701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147295,"toc":148664},[147296,147302,147308,147311,147374,147380,147385,147389,147406,147420,147424,147444,147458,147460,147553,147555,147569,147571,147574,147663,147665,147673,147682,147684,147688,147709,147711,147803,147805,147826,147828,147832,147846,147848,147922,147924,147943,147947,147950,147973,147975,148086,148093,148101,148103,148109,148112,148155,148158,148181,148189,148193,148268,148274,148299,148306,148309,148312,148316,148321,148409,148417,148421,148424,148449,148453,148514,148518,148567,148577,148579,148584,148587,148593,148596,148600,148604,148610,148613,148621,148629,148631,148661],[10,147297,147299,147300,18],{"id":147298},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147301,56875],{},[20,147303,147304,147307],{},[15,147305,147306],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147309,147310],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[56,147312,147314],{"className":58,"code":147313,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147315,147316,147344,147362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147319,3185],{"class":71},[65,147321,76],{"class":75},[65,147323,8815],{"class":79},[65,147325,84],{"class":83},[65,147327,87],{"class":79},[65,147329,90],{"class":83},[65,147331,87],{"class":79},[65,147333,90],{"class":83},[65,147335,87],{"class":79},[65,147337,95],{"class":83},[65,147339,87],{"class":79},[65,147341,90],{"class":83},[65,147343,157],{"class":79},[65,147345,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147347,136],{"class":71},[65,147349,76],{"class":75},[65,147351,3833],{"class":71},[65,147353,144],{"class":79},[65,147355,40842],{"class":147},[65,147357,151],{"class":79},[65,147359,1624],{"class":83},[65,147361,157],{"class":79},[65,147363,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147365,164],{"class":163},[65,147367,151],{"class":79},[65,147369,169],{"class":147},[65,147371,172],{"class":79},[65,147373,50355],{"class":175},[20,147375,1660,147376,147379],{},[15,147377,147378],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[51,147381,183,147383,186],{"id":147382},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147384,147306],{},[20,147386,147387,191],{},[15,147388,147378],{},[33,147390,147391,147397,147400,147403],{},[36,147392,147393,147394,147396],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147395,2040],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,147398,147399],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,147401,147402],{},"Returns an integer",[36,147404,147405],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147407,147408,147409,147411,147412,214,147416,144],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147410,56875],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,147413,147415],{"href":147414},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[210,147417,147419],{"href":147418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[51,147421,147423],{"id":147422},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[56,147425,147427],{"className":58,"code":147426,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147428,147429],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147430,147431,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147432,147433],{"class":71},"my_tuple",[65,147435,144],{"class":79},[65,147437,40842],{"class":147},[65,147439,151],{"class":79},[65,147441,2040],{"class":147},[65,147443,157],{"class":79},[33,147445,147446,147450,147453],{},[36,147447,147448,57040],{},[15,147449,2040],{},[36,147451,147452],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,147454,147455,147456],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147457,1688],{},[1286,147459,102671],{"id":102670},[56,147461,147463],{"className":58,"code":147462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147464,147465,147505,147529],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147466,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147468,12652],{"class":71},[65,147470,76],{"class":75},[65,147472,8815],{"class":79},[65,147474,488],{"class":487},[65,147476,492],{"class":491},[65,147478,488],{"class":487},[65,147480,87],{"class":79},[65,147482,499],{"class":487},[65,147484,502],{"class":491},[65,147486,488],{"class":487},[65,147488,87],{"class":79},[65,147490,499],{"class":487},[65,147492,492],{"class":491},[65,147494,488],{"class":487},[65,147496,87],{"class":79},[65,147498,499],{"class":487},[65,147500,511],{"class":491},[65,147502,488],{"class":487},[65,147504,157],{"class":79},[65,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147508,164],{"class":163},[65,147510,151],{"class":79},[65,147512,17077],{"class":147},[65,147514,144],{"class":79},[65,147516,40842],{"class":147},[65,147518,151],{"class":79},[65,147520,488],{"class":487},[65,147522,492],{"class":491},[65,147524,488],{"class":487},[65,147526,758],{"class":79},[65,147528,57230],{"class":175},[65,147530,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147532,164],{"class":163},[65,147534,151],{"class":79},[65,147536,17077],{"class":147},[65,147538,144],{"class":79},[65,147540,40842],{"class":147},[65,147542,151],{"class":79},[65,147544,488],{"class":487},[65,147546,537],{"class":491},[65,147548,488],{"class":487},[65,147550,758],{"class":79},[65,147552,50832],{"class":175},[20,147554,19532],{},[33,147556,147557,147562],{},[36,147558,147559,147561],{},[15,147560,633],{}," appears 2 times",[36,147563,147564,147566,147567],{},[15,147565,647],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147568,1688],{},[51,147570,467],{"id":466},[20,147572,147573],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[56,147575,147577],{"className":58,"code":147576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147578,147579,147627,147631,147653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147580,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147582,35819],{"class":71},[65,147584,76],{"class":75},[65,147586,8815],{"class":79},[65,147588,488],{"class":487},[65,147590,3648],{"class":491},[65,147592,488],{"class":487},[65,147594,87],{"class":79},[65,147596,499],{"class":487},[65,147598,3657],{"class":491},[65,147600,488],{"class":487},[65,147602,87],{"class":79},[65,147604,499],{"class":487},[65,147606,3648],{"class":491},[65,147608,488],{"class":487},[65,147610,87],{"class":79},[65,147612,499],{"class":487},[65,147614,32797],{"class":491},[65,147616,488],{"class":487},[65,147618,87],{"class":79},[65,147620,499],{"class":487},[65,147622,3648],{"class":491},[65,147624,488],{"class":487},[65,147626,157],{"class":79},[65,147628,147629],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147630,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,147632,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147634,136],{"class":71},[65,147636,76],{"class":75},[65,147638,52437],{"class":71},[65,147640,144],{"class":79},[65,147642,40842],{"class":147},[65,147644,151],{"class":79},[65,147646,488],{"class":487},[65,147648,3648],{"class":491},[65,147650,488],{"class":487},[65,147652,157],{"class":79},[65,147654,147655,147657,147659,147661],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147656,164],{"class":163},[65,147658,151],{"class":79},[65,147660,169],{"class":147},[65,147662,157],{"class":79},[20,147664,350],{},[56,147666,147667],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,147668,147669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147670,147671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147672,46201],{"class":83},[20,147674,147675,147677,147678,1965,147680,144],{},[15,147676,57418],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147679,56875],{},[15,147681,111],{},[51,147683,37601],{"id":37600},[20,147685,57129,147686,128169],{},[15,147687,56875],{},[33,147689,147690,147695,147700,147703],{},[36,147691,10999,147692,147694],{},[15,147693,1688],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,147696,10999,147697,147699],{},[15,147698,84],{}," when the value appears once",[36,147701,147702],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,147704,147705,147706,147708],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147707,6569],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147710,267],{},[56,147712,147714],{"className":58,"code":147713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147715,147716,147757,147761,147788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147717,147718,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147719,147720],{"class":71},"answers ",[65,147722,76],{"class":75},[65,147724,8815],{"class":79},[65,147726,488],{"class":487},[65,147728,8235],{"class":491},[65,147730,488],{"class":487},[65,147732,87],{"class":79},[65,147734,499],{"class":487},[65,147736,8175],{"class":491},[65,147738,488],{"class":487},[65,147740,87],{"class":79},[65,147742,499],{"class":487},[65,147744,8235],{"class":491},[65,147746,488],{"class":487},[65,147748,87],{"class":79},[65,147750,499],{"class":487},[65,147752,8235],{"class":491},[65,147754,488],{"class":487},[65,147756,157],{"class":79},[65,147758,147759],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147760,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,147762,147763,147765,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147764,6569],{"class":3444},[65,147766,147767],{"class":71}," answers",[65,147769,144],{"class":79},[65,147771,40842],{"class":147},[65,147773,151],{"class":79},[65,147775,488],{"class":487},[65,147777,8235],{"class":491},[65,147779,488],{"class":487},[65,147781,172],{"class":79},[65,147783,37977],{"class":75},[65,147785,5066],{"class":83},[65,147787,5963],{"class":79},[65,147789,147790,147792,147794,147796,147799,147801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147791,7644],{"class":163},[65,147793,151],{"class":79},[65,147795,488],{"class":487},[65,147797,147798],{"class":491},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[65,147800,488],{"class":487},[65,147802,157],{"class":79},[20,147804,350],{},[56,147806,147808],{"className":58,"code":147807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147809,147810],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147811,147812,147815,147817,147819,147821,147824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147813,147814],{"class":71},"The answer ",[65,147816,594],{"class":487},[65,147818,8235],{"class":491},[65,147820,594],{"class":487},[65,147822,147823],{"class":71}," appears more than once",[65,147825,121813],{"class":79},[51,147827,40628],{"id":40627},[20,147829,34984,147830,104134],{},[15,147831,147306],{},[33,147833,147834,147837,147840,147843],{},[36,147835,147836],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,147838,147839],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,147841,147842],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,147844,147845],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147847,267],{},[56,147849,147851],{"className":58,"code":147850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147852,147853,147881,147885,147907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147854,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147856,4632],{"class":71},[65,147858,76],{"class":75},[65,147860,8815],{"class":79},[65,147862,1898],{"class":83},[65,147864,87],{"class":79},[65,147866,7364],{"class":83},[65,147868,87],{"class":79},[65,147870,5574],{"class":83},[65,147872,87],{"class":79},[65,147874,7369],{"class":83},[65,147876,87],{"class":79},[65,147878,5574],{"class":83},[65,147880,157],{"class":79},[65,147882,147883],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,147884,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,147886,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,147888,6569],{"class":3444},[65,147890,4679],{"class":71},[65,147892,144],{"class":79},[65,147894,40842],{"class":147},[65,147896,151],{"class":79},[65,147898,1898],{"class":83},[65,147900,172],{"class":79},[65,147902,50873],{"class":75},[65,147904,90],{"class":83},[65,147906,5963],{"class":79},[65,147908,147909,147911,147913,147915,147918,147920],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147910,7644],{"class":163},[65,147912,151],{"class":79},[65,147914,488],{"class":487},[65,147916,147917],{"class":491},"The score 10 is repeated.",[65,147919,488],{"class":487},[65,147921,157],{"class":79},[20,147923,350],{},[56,147925,147927],{"className":58,"code":147926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147928,147929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147930,147931,147934,147936,147938,147941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147932,147933],{"class":71},"The score ",[65,147935,1898],{"class":83},[65,147937,7672],{"class":75},[65,147939,147940],{"class":71}," repeated",[65,147942,121813],{"class":79},[51,147944,147946],{"id":147945},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147948,147949],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,147951,147952,147958,147963,147966],{},[36,147953,147954,147955,147957],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147956,56875],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,147959,147960,147962],{},[15,147961,56875],{}," counts exact matches",[36,147964,147965],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,147967,147968,634,147970,147972],{},[15,147969,84],{},[15,147971,41741],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147974,267],{},[56,147976,147978],{"className":58,"code":147977,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147979,147980,148014,148018,148038,148062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147981,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147995,147997,147999,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147983,3389],{"class":71},[65,147985,76],{"class":75},[65,147987,8815],{"class":79},[65,147989,84],{"class":83},[65,147991,87],{"class":79},[65,147993,147994],{"class":83}," 1.0",[65,147996,87],{"class":79},[65,147998,499],{"class":487},[65,148000,148001],{"class":491},"Cat",[65,148003,488],{"class":487},[65,148005,87],{"class":79},[65,148007,499],{"class":487},[65,148009,36627],{"class":491},[65,148011,488],{"class":487},[65,148013,157],{"class":79},[65,148015,148016],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148017,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,148019,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148021,164],{"class":163},[65,148023,151],{"class":79},[65,148025,4928],{"class":147},[65,148027,144],{"class":79},[65,148029,40842],{"class":147},[65,148031,151],{"class":79},[65,148033,84],{"class":83},[65,148035,758],{"class":79},[65,148037,50679],{"class":175},[65,148039,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148041,164],{"class":163},[65,148043,151],{"class":79},[65,148045,4928],{"class":147},[65,148047,144],{"class":79},[65,148049,40842],{"class":147},[65,148051,151],{"class":79},[65,148053,488],{"class":487},[65,148055,148001],{"class":491},[65,148057,488],{"class":487},[65,148059,758],{"class":79},[65,148061,27355],{"class":175},[65,148063,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,148065,164],{"class":163},[65,148067,151],{"class":79},[65,148069,4928],{"class":147},[65,148071,144],{"class":79},[65,148073,40842],{"class":147},[65,148075,151],{"class":79},[65,148077,488],{"class":487},[65,148079,36627],{"class":491},[65,148081,488],{"class":487},[65,148083,758],{"class":79},[65,148085,27355],{"class":175},[20,148087,4727,148088,4730,148091,1304],{},[15,148089,148090],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148092,1624],{},[20,148094,8363,148095,4351,148098,148100],{},[15,148096,148097],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148099,3172],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[51,148102,2396],{"id":2395},[1286,148104,7994,148106,148108],{"id":148105},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148107,40842],{}," without parentheses",[20,148110,148111],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[56,148113,148115],{"className":58,"code":148114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148116,148117,148141],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148118,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148120,3185],{"class":71},[65,148122,76],{"class":75},[65,148124,8815],{"class":79},[65,148126,84],{"class":83},[65,148128,87],{"class":79},[65,148130,90],{"class":83},[65,148132,87],{"class":79},[65,148134,90],{"class":83},[65,148136,87],{"class":79},[65,148138,95],{"class":83},[65,148140,157],{"class":79},[65,148142,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148144,164],{"class":163},[65,148146,151],{"class":79},[65,148148,3215],{"class":147},[65,148150,144],{"class":79},[65,148152,40842],{"class":24325},[65,148154,157],{"class":79},[20,148156,148157],{},"To call the method correctly:",[56,148159,148161],{"className":58,"code":148160,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148162,148163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148164,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148166,164],{"class":163},[65,148168,151],{"class":79},[65,148170,3215],{"class":147},[65,148172,144],{"class":79},[65,148174,40842],{"class":147},[65,148176,151],{"class":79},[65,148178,1624],{"class":83},[65,148180,1028],{"class":79},[1286,148182,8030,148183,8033,148185,214,148187],{"id":58178},[15,148184,56875],{},[15,148186,3172],{},[15,148188,3240],{},[20,148190,148191,58189],{},[15,148192,56875],{},[56,148194,148196],{"className":58,"code":148195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148197,148198,148230,148252,148256],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148199,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148201,35670],{"class":71},[65,148203,76],{"class":75},[65,148205,8815],{"class":79},[65,148207,488],{"class":487},[65,148209,210],{"class":491},[65,148211,488],{"class":487},[65,148213,87],{"class":79},[65,148215,499],{"class":487},[65,148217,154],{"class":491},[65,148219,488],{"class":487},[65,148221,87],{"class":79},[65,148223,499],{"class":487},[65,148225,210],{"class":491},[65,148227,488],{"class":487},[65,148229,157],{"class":79},[65,148231,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148233,136],{"class":71},[65,148235,76],{"class":75},[65,148237,69680],{"class":71},[65,148239,144],{"class":79},[65,148241,40842],{"class":147},[65,148243,151],{"class":79},[65,148245,488],{"class":487},[65,148247,210],{"class":491},[65,148249,488],{"class":487},[65,148251,157],{"class":79},[65,148253,148254],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148255,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,148257,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148259,164],{"class":163},[65,148261,151],{"class":79},[65,148263,169],{"class":147},[65,148265,172],{"class":79},[65,148267,51000],{"class":175},[20,148269,148270,148271,148273],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148272,3451],{}," is often simpler:",[56,148275,148277],{"className":58,"code":148276,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148278,148279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148280,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148282,164],{"class":163},[65,148284,151],{"class":79},[65,148286,488],{"class":487},[65,148288,210],{"class":491},[65,148290,488],{"class":487},[65,148292,20749],{"class":3444},[65,148294,69680],{"class":147},[65,148296,172],{"class":79},[65,148298,3230],{"class":175},[1286,148300,36784,148302,8282,148304],{"id":148301},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148303,147306],{},[15,148305,56880],{},[20,148307,148308],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148310,148311],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1286,148313,148315],{"id":148314},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148317,148318,148320],{},[15,148319,56875],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[56,148322,148324],{"className":58,"code":148323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148325,148326,148359,148385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148327,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148329,3639],{"class":71},[65,148331,76],{"class":75},[65,148333,8815],{"class":79},[65,148335,488],{"class":487},[65,148337,3648],{"class":491},[65,148339,488],{"class":487},[65,148341,87],{"class":79},[65,148343,499],{"class":487},[65,148345,148346],{"class":491},"pineapple",[65,148348,488],{"class":487},[65,148350,87],{"class":79},[65,148352,499],{"class":487},[65,148354,3648],{"class":491},[65,148356,488],{"class":487},[65,148358,157],{"class":79},[65,148360,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148378,148380,148382],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148362,164],{"class":163},[65,148364,151],{"class":79},[65,148366,3683],{"class":147},[65,148368,144],{"class":79},[65,148370,40842],{"class":147},[65,148372,151],{"class":79},[65,148374,488],{"class":487},[65,148376,148377],{"class":491},"app",[65,148379,488],{"class":487},[65,148381,758],{"class":79},[65,148383,148384],{"class":175},"    # 0\n",[65,148386,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148388,164],{"class":163},[65,148390,151],{"class":79},[65,148392,3683],{"class":147},[65,148394,144],{"class":79},[65,148396,40842],{"class":147},[65,148398,151],{"class":79},[65,148400,488],{"class":487},[65,148402,3648],{"class":491},[65,148404,488],{"class":487},[65,148406,758],{"class":79},[65,148408,51000],{"class":175},[20,148410,148411,148414,148415,144],{},[15,148412,148413],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148416,1688],{},[51,148418,148420],{"id":148419},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148422,148423],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,148425,148426,148431,148440,148446],{},[36,148427,1660,148428,148430],{},[15,148429,3451],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,148432,1660,148433,148439],{},[210,148434,148436,148437],{"href":148435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148438,58552],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,148441,1660,148442,148445],{},[15,148443,148444],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,148447,148448],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148450,45624,148451,191],{},[15,148452,3451],{},[56,148454,148456],{"className":58,"code":148455,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148457,148458,148478,148482,148498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148459,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148461,3185],{"class":71},[65,148463,76],{"class":75},[65,148465,8815],{"class":79},[65,148467,2072],{"class":83},[65,148469,87],{"class":79},[65,148471,5563],{"class":83},[65,148473,87],{"class":79},[65,148475,53722],{"class":83},[65,148477,157],{"class":79},[65,148479,148480],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148481,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,148483,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148485,164],{"class":163},[65,148487,151],{"class":79},[65,148489,1592],{"class":83},[65,148491,20749],{"class":3444},[65,148493,3833],{"class":147},[65,148495,172],{"class":79},[65,148497,43439],{"class":175},[65,148499,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148501,164],{"class":163},[65,148503,151],{"class":79},[65,148505,1705],{"class":83},[65,148507,20749],{"class":3444},[65,148509,3833],{"class":147},[65,148511,172],{"class":79},[65,148513,43456],{"class":175},[20,148515,45624,148516,191],{},[15,148517,58552],{},[56,148519,148521],{"className":58,"code":148520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148522,148523,148547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148524,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148526,3185],{"class":71},[65,148528,76],{"class":75},[65,148530,8815],{"class":79},[65,148532,2072],{"class":83},[65,148534,87],{"class":79},[65,148536,5563],{"class":83},[65,148538,87],{"class":79},[65,148540,53722],{"class":83},[65,148542,87],{"class":79},[65,148544,5563],{"class":83},[65,148546,157],{"class":79},[65,148548,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148550,164],{"class":163},[65,148552,151],{"class":79},[65,148554,3215],{"class":147},[65,148556,144],{"class":79},[65,148558,35425],{"class":147},[65,148560,151],{"class":79},[65,148562,1592],{"class":83},[65,148564,758],{"class":79},[65,148566,27355],{"class":175},[20,148568,148569,148571,148572,148574,148576],{},[15,148570,56875],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[1123,148573],{},[15,148575,58552],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[51,148578,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,148580,4711,148582,4714],{"id":148581},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148583,147306],{},[20,148585,148586],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1286,148588,1289,148590,148592],{"id":148589},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148591,147306],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148594,148595],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1286,148597,148599],{"id":148598},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148601,11486,148602,144],{},[15,148603,1688],{},[1286,148605,4739,148607,148609],{"id":148606},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148608,147306],{}," count strings?",[20,148611,148612],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1286,148614,1299,148616,634,148618,1304],{"id":148615},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148617,147306],{},[15,148619,148620],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148622,148623,148625,148626,148628],{},[15,148624,56875],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148627,58552],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[51,148630,1455],{"id":1454},[33,148632,148633,148637,148642,148649,148657],{},[36,148634,148635],{},[210,148636,147415],{"href":147414},[36,148638,148639],{},[210,148640,148641],{"href":147418},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,148643,148644],{},[210,148645,148646,148647,1474],{"href":148435},"Python tuple ",[15,148648,58552],{},[36,148650,148651],{},[210,148652,148654,148655],{"href":148653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148656,41944],{},[36,148658,148659],{},[210,148660,58540],{"href":58539},[1499,148662,148663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":148665},[148666,148668,148671,148672,148673,148674,148675,148683,148684,148695],{"id":147382,"depth":101,"text":148667},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147422,"depth":101,"text":147423,"children":148669},[148670],{"id":102670,"depth":126,"text":102671},{"id":466,"depth":101,"text":467},{"id":37600,"depth":101,"text":37601},{"id":40627,"depth":101,"text":40628},{"id":147945,"depth":101,"text":147946},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":148676},[148677,148679,148680,148682],{"id":148105,"depth":126,"text":148678},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58178,"depth":126,"text":58593},{"id":148301,"depth":126,"text":148681},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148314,"depth":126,"text":148315},{"id":148419,"depth":101,"text":148420},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":148685},[148686,148688,148690,148691,148693],{"id":148581,"depth":126,"text":148687},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148589,"depth":126,"text":148689},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148598,"depth":126,"text":148599},{"id":148606,"depth":126,"text":148692},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148615,"depth":126,"text":148694},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147293,"description":148696},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148703,"title":148704,"body":148705,"description":150392,"extension":1528,"meta":150393,"navigation":129,"path":150394,"seo":150395,"stem":150396,"__hash__":150397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148706,"toc":150355},[148707,148710,148713,148722,148724,148854,148856,148917,148923,148925,148945,148949,148952,148955,148990,148992,149013,149016,149055,149057,149082,149089,149093,149096,149133,149135,149158,149161,149164,149176,149182,149186,149189,149195,149236,149238,149261,149264,149305,149307,149334,149336,149353,149355,149372,149375,149379,149382,149384,149418,149420,149467,149471,149510,149514,149517,149574,149576,149617,149623,149629,149634,149636,149673,149675,149695,149697,149730,149732,149765,149768,149772,149805,149807,149832,149835,149837,149851,149858,149860,149863,149867,149870,149905,149908,149943,149947,149950,149989,149992,150031,150035,150037,150067,150070,150077,150079,150111,150114,150146,150149,150180,150182,150199,150203,150206,150270,150272,150276,150283,150287,150290,150294,150297,150301,150304,150309,150315,150317,150352],[10,148708,148704],{"id":148709},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148711,148712],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148714,148715,148716,214,148720,144],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[210,148717,148719],{"href":148718},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[210,148721,147415],{"href":147414},[51,148723,1570],{"id":1569},[56,148725,148727],{"className":58,"code":148726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148728,148729,148749,148758,148772,148808,148812,148822,148832,148843],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148730,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148732,3185],{"class":71},[65,148734,76],{"class":75},[65,148736,8815],{"class":79},[65,148738,84],{"class":83},[65,148740,87],{"class":79},[65,148742,90],{"class":83},[65,148744,87],{"class":79},[65,148746,95],{"class":83},[65,148748,157],{"class":79},[65,148750,148751,148753,148755],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148752,124279],{"class":71},[65,148754,76],{"class":75},[65,148756,148757],{"class":79}," ()\n",[65,148759,148760,148763,148765,148767,148769],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148761,148762],{"class":71},"one_item ",[65,148764,76],{"class":75},[65,148766,8815],{"class":79},[65,148768,1705],{"class":83},[65,148770,148771],{"class":79},",)\n",[65,148773,148774,148777,148779,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148775,148776],{"class":71},"from_list ",[65,148778,76],{"class":75},[65,148780,148781],{"class":1259}," tuple",[65,148783,2552],{"class":79},[65,148785,488],{"class":487},[65,148787,210],{"class":491},[65,148789,488],{"class":487},[65,148791,87],{"class":79},[65,148793,499],{"class":487},[65,148795,154],{"class":491},[65,148797,488],{"class":487},[65,148799,87],{"class":79},[65,148801,499],{"class":487},[65,148803,9317],{"class":491},[65,148805,488],{"class":487},[65,148807,3457],{"class":79},[65,148809,148810],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,148811,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,148815,164],{"class":163},[65,148817,151],{"class":79},[65,148819,3215],{"class":147},[65,148821,157],{"class":79},[65,148823,148824,148826,148828,148830],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,148825,164],{"class":163},[65,148827,151],{"class":79},[65,148829,124330],{"class":147},[65,148831,157],{"class":79},[65,148833,148834,148836,148838,148841],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,148835,164],{"class":163},[65,148837,151],{"class":79},[65,148839,148840],{"class":147},"one_item",[65,148842,157],{"class":79},[65,148844,148845,148847,148849,148852],{"class":67,"line":6002},[65,148846,164],{"class":163},[65,148848,151],{"class":79},[65,148850,148851],{"class":147},"from_list",[65,148853,157],{"class":79},[20,148855,350],{},[56,148857,148859],{"className":58,"code":148858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148860,148861,148877,148881,148889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148862,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148864,151],{"class":79},[65,148866,84],{"class":83},[65,148868,87],{"class":79},[65,148870,90],{"class":83},[65,148872,87],{"class":79},[65,148874,95],{"class":83},[65,148876,157],{"class":79},[65,148878,148879],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148880,8220],{"class":79},[65,148882,148883,148885,148887],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,148884,151],{"class":79},[65,148886,1705],{"class":83},[65,148888,148771],{"class":79},[65,148890,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148892,151],{"class":79},[65,148894,594],{"class":487},[65,148896,210],{"class":491},[65,148898,594],{"class":487},[65,148900,87],{"class":79},[65,148902,603],{"class":487},[65,148904,154],{"class":491},[65,148906,594],{"class":487},[65,148908,87],{"class":79},[65,148910,603],{"class":487},[65,148912,9317],{"class":491},[65,148914,594],{"class":487},[65,148916,157],{"class":79},[20,148918,148919,148920,144],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148921,148922],{},"(5,)",[51,148924,14738],{"id":14737},[33,148926,148927,148930,148933,148936,148939,148942],{},[36,148928,148929],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,148931,148932],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,148934,148935],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,148937,148938],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,148940,148941],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,148943,148944],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[51,148946,148948],{"id":148947},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148950,148951],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148953,148954],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[56,148956,148958],{"className":58,"code":148957,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148959,148960,148980],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148961,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148963,3185],{"class":71},[65,148965,76],{"class":75},[65,148967,8815],{"class":79},[65,148969,84],{"class":83},[65,148971,87],{"class":79},[65,148973,90],{"class":83},[65,148975,87],{"class":79},[65,148977,95],{"class":83},[65,148979,157],{"class":79},[65,148981,148982,148984,148986,148988],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,148983,164],{"class":163},[65,148985,151],{"class":79},[65,148987,3215],{"class":147},[65,148989,157],{"class":79},[20,148991,350],{},[56,148993,148995],{"className":58,"code":148994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148996,148997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148998,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149000,151],{"class":79},[65,149002,84],{"class":83},[65,149004,87],{"class":79},[65,149006,90],{"class":83},[65,149008,87],{"class":79},[65,149010,95],{"class":83},[65,149012,157],{"class":79},[20,149014,149015],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[56,149017,149019],{"className":58,"code":149018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149020,149021,149045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149022,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149024,8744],{"class":71},[65,149026,76],{"class":75},[65,149028,8815],{"class":79},[65,149030,84],{"class":83},[65,149032,87],{"class":79},[65,149034,499],{"class":487},[65,149036,3648],{"class":491},[65,149038,488],{"class":487},[65,149040,87],{"class":79},[65,149042,3485],{"class":3419},[65,149044,157],{"class":79},[65,149046,149047,149049,149051,149053],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149048,164],{"class":163},[65,149050,151],{"class":79},[65,149052,8783],{"class":147},[65,149054,157],{"class":79},[20,149056,350],{},[56,149058,149060],{"className":58,"code":149059,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149061,149062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149063,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149065,151],{"class":79},[65,149067,84],{"class":83},[65,149069,87],{"class":79},[65,149071,603],{"class":487},[65,149073,3648],{"class":491},[65,149075,594],{"class":487},[65,149077,87],{"class":79},[65,149079,3485],{"class":3419},[65,149081,157],{"class":79},[20,149083,149084,149085,144],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[210,149086,149088],{"href":149087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[51,149090,149092],{"id":149091},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149094,149095],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[56,149097,149099],{"className":58,"code":149098,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149100,149101,149109,149119],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149102,149103,149105,149107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149104,124279],{"class":71},[65,149106,76],{"class":75},[65,149108,148757],{"class":79},[65,149110,149111,149113,149115,149117],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149112,164],{"class":163},[65,149114,151],{"class":79},[65,149116,124330],{"class":147},[65,149118,157],{"class":79},[65,149120,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129,149131],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,149122,164],{"class":163},[65,149124,151],{"class":79},[65,149126,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149128,151],{"class":79},[65,149130,124330],{"class":147},[65,149132,1028],{"class":79},[20,149134,350],{},[56,149136,149138],{"className":58,"code":149137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149139,149140,149144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149141,149142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149143,8220],{"class":79},[65,149145,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154,149156],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149147,2857],{"class":75},[65,149149,2860],{"class":1632},[65,149151,603],{"class":487},[65,149153,48538],{"class":491},[65,149155,594],{"class":487},[65,149157,2869],{"class":75},[20,149159,149160],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149162,149163],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,149165,149166,149171],{},[36,149167,149168,149169],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149170,6938],{},[36,149172,149173,149174],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149175,3353],{},[20,149177,149178,149179,144],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[210,149180,149181],{"href":56739},"Python list: creating a list",[51,149183,149185],{"id":149184},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149187,149188],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149190,149191,149192,149194],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[43,149193,45],{}," automatically a tuple:",[56,149196,149198],{"className":58,"code":149197,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149199,149200,149212,149222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149201,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149203,2015],{"class":71},[65,149205,76],{"class":75},[65,149207,8815],{"class":79},[65,149209,1705],{"class":83},[65,149211,157],{"class":79},[65,149213,149214,149216,149218,149220],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149215,164],{"class":163},[65,149217,151],{"class":79},[65,149219,2040],{"class":147},[65,149221,157],{"class":79},[65,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,149225,164],{"class":163},[65,149227,151],{"class":79},[65,149229,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149231,151],{"class":79},[65,149233,2040],{"class":147},[65,149235,1028],{"class":79},[20,149237,350],{},[56,149239,149241],{"className":58,"code":149240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149242,149243,149247],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149244,149245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149246,2513],{"class":83},[65,149248,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149250,2857],{"class":75},[65,149252,2860],{"class":1632},[65,149254,603],{"class":487},[65,149256,1757],{"class":491},[65,149258,594],{"class":487},[65,149260,2869],{"class":75},[20,149262,149263],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[56,149265,149267],{"className":58,"code":149266,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149268,149269,149281,149291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149270,149271,149273,149275,149277,149279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149272,148762],{"class":71},[65,149274,76],{"class":75},[65,149276,8815],{"class":79},[65,149278,1705],{"class":83},[65,149280,148771],{"class":79},[65,149282,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149284,164],{"class":163},[65,149286,151],{"class":79},[65,149288,148840],{"class":147},[65,149290,157],{"class":79},[65,149292,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,149294,164],{"class":163},[65,149296,151],{"class":79},[65,149298,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149300,151],{"class":79},[65,149302,148840],{"class":147},[65,149304,1028],{"class":79},[20,149306,350],{},[56,149308,149310],{"className":58,"code":149309,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149311,149312,149320],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149313,149314,149316,149318],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149315,151],{"class":79},[65,149317,1705],{"class":83},[65,149319,148771],{"class":79},[65,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149323,2857],{"class":75},[65,149325,2860],{"class":1632},[65,149327,603],{"class":487},[65,149329,48538],{"class":491},[65,149331,594],{"class":487},[65,149333,2869],{"class":75},[20,149335,16231],{},[56,149337,149339],{"className":58,"code":149338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149340,149341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149342,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149344,151],{"class":79},[65,149346,488],{"class":487},[65,149348,3648],{"class":491},[65,149350,488],{"class":487},[65,149352,148771],{"class":79},[20,149354,16219],{},[56,149356,149358],{"className":58,"code":149357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149359,149360],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149363,151],{"class":79},[65,149365,488],{"class":487},[65,149367,3648],{"class":491},[65,149369,488],{"class":487},[65,149371,157],{"class":79},[20,149373,149374],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[51,149376,149378],{"id":149377},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149380,149381],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1286,149383,56048],{"id":3215},[56,149385,149386],{"className":58,"code":148957,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,149387,149388,149408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149389,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149391,3185],{"class":71},[65,149393,76],{"class":75},[65,149395,8815],{"class":79},[65,149397,84],{"class":83},[65,149399,87],{"class":79},[65,149401,90],{"class":83},[65,149403,87],{"class":79},[65,149405,95],{"class":83},[65,149407,157],{"class":79},[65,149409,149410,149412,149414,149416],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149411,164],{"class":163},[65,149413,151],{"class":79},[65,149415,3215],{"class":147},[65,149417,157],{"class":79},[1286,149419,56051],{"id":4878},[56,149421,149423],{"className":58,"code":149422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149424,149425,149457],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149426,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149428,12652],{"class":71},[65,149430,76],{"class":75},[65,149432,8815],{"class":79},[65,149434,488],{"class":487},[65,149436,492],{"class":491},[65,149438,488],{"class":487},[65,149440,87],{"class":79},[65,149442,499],{"class":487},[65,149444,511],{"class":491},[65,149446,488],{"class":487},[65,149448,87],{"class":79},[65,149450,499],{"class":487},[65,149452,502],{"class":491},[65,149454,488],{"class":487},[65,149456,157],{"class":79},[65,149458,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149460,164],{"class":163},[65,149462,151],{"class":79},[65,149464,17077],{"class":147},[65,149466,157],{"class":79},[1286,149468,149470],{"id":149469},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[56,149472,149474],{"className":58,"code":149473,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149475,149476,149500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149477,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149479,59057],{"class":71},[65,149481,76],{"class":75},[65,149483,8815],{"class":79},[65,149485,84],{"class":83},[65,149487,87],{"class":79},[65,149489,499],{"class":487},[65,149491,3648],{"class":491},[65,149493,488],{"class":487},[65,149495,87],{"class":79},[65,149497,3485],{"class":3419},[65,149499,157],{"class":79},[65,149501,149502,149504,149506,149508],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149503,164],{"class":163},[65,149505,151],{"class":79},[65,149507,59110],{"class":147},[65,149509,157],{"class":79},[1286,149511,149513],{"id":149512},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149515,149516],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[56,149518,149520],{"className":58,"code":149519,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149521,149522,149563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149523,149524,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149525,149526],{"class":71},"nested ",[65,149528,76],{"class":75},[65,149530,8815],{"class":79},[65,149532,84],{"class":83},[65,149534,87],{"class":79},[65,149536,8815],{"class":79},[65,149538,488],{"class":487},[65,149540,210],{"class":491},[65,149542,488],{"class":487},[65,149544,87],{"class":79},[65,149546,499],{"class":487},[65,149548,154],{"class":491},[65,149550,488],{"class":487},[65,149552,8812],{"class":79},[65,149554,1339],{"class":79},[65,149556,1898],{"class":83},[65,149558,87],{"class":79},[65,149560,7364],{"class":83},[65,149562,3457],{"class":79},[65,149564,149565,149567,149569,149572],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149566,164],{"class":163},[65,149568,151],{"class":79},[65,149570,149571],{"class":147},"nested",[65,149573,157],{"class":79},[20,149575,350],{},[56,149577,149579],{"className":58,"code":149578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149580,149581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149582,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149584,151],{"class":79},[65,149586,84],{"class":83},[65,149588,87],{"class":79},[65,149590,8815],{"class":79},[65,149592,594],{"class":487},[65,149594,210],{"class":491},[65,149596,594],{"class":487},[65,149598,87],{"class":79},[65,149600,603],{"class":487},[65,149602,154],{"class":491},[65,149604,594],{"class":487},[65,149606,8812],{"class":79},[65,149608,1339],{"class":79},[65,149610,1898],{"class":83},[65,149612,87],{"class":79},[65,149614,7364],{"class":83},[65,149616,3457],{"class":79},[51,149618,149620,149621],{"id":149619},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149622,37627],{},[20,149624,149625,149626,149628],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149627,37627],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149630,149631,149632,144],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[210,149633,62802],{"href":62801},[1286,149635,104811],{"id":104810},[56,149637,149639],{"className":58,"code":149638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149640,149641,149663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149644,3185],{"class":71},[65,149646,76],{"class":75},[65,149648,148781],{"class":1259},[65,149650,2552],{"class":79},[65,149652,84],{"class":83},[65,149654,87],{"class":79},[65,149656,90],{"class":83},[65,149658,87],{"class":79},[65,149660,95],{"class":83},[65,149662,3457],{"class":79},[65,149664,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149666,164],{"class":163},[65,149668,151],{"class":79},[65,149670,3215],{"class":147},[65,149672,157],{"class":79},[20,149674,350],{},[56,149676,149677],{"className":58,"code":148994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,149678,149679],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149680,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149682,151],{"class":79},[65,149684,84],{"class":83},[65,149686,87],{"class":79},[65,149688,90],{"class":83},[65,149690,87],{"class":79},[65,149692,95],{"class":83},[65,149694,157],{"class":79},[1286,149696,104996],{"id":104995},[56,149698,149700],{"className":58,"code":149699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149701,149702,149720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149705,35670],{"class":71},[65,149707,76],{"class":75},[65,149709,148781],{"class":1259},[65,149711,151],{"class":79},[65,149713,488],{"class":487},[65,149715,41143],{"class":491},[65,149717,488],{"class":487},[65,149719,157],{"class":79},[65,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149723,164],{"class":163},[65,149725,151],{"class":79},[65,149727,35723],{"class":147},[65,149729,157],{"class":79},[20,149731,350],{},[56,149733,149735],{"className":58,"code":149734,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149736,149737],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149740,151],{"class":79},[65,149742,594],{"class":487},[65,149744,210],{"class":491},[65,149746,594],{"class":487},[65,149748,87],{"class":79},[65,149750,603],{"class":487},[65,149752,154],{"class":491},[65,149754,594],{"class":487},[65,149756,87],{"class":79},[65,149758,603],{"class":487},[65,149760,9317],{"class":491},[65,149762,594],{"class":487},[65,149764,157],{"class":79},[20,149766,149767],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1286,149769,149771],{"id":149770},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[56,149773,149775],{"className":58,"code":149774,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149776,149777,149795],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149780,3389],{"class":71},[65,149782,76],{"class":75},[65,149784,148781],{"class":1259},[65,149786,151],{"class":79},[65,149788,59583],{"class":163},[65,149790,151],{"class":79},[65,149792,2072],{"class":83},[65,149794,1028],{"class":79},[65,149796,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149798,164],{"class":163},[65,149800,151],{"class":79},[65,149802,4928],{"class":147},[65,149804,157],{"class":79},[20,149806,350],{},[56,149808,149810],{"className":58,"code":149809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149811,149812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149813,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149815,151],{"class":79},[65,149817,1688],{"class":83},[65,149819,87],{"class":79},[65,149821,5066],{"class":83},[65,149823,87],{"class":79},[65,149825,90],{"class":83},[65,149827,87],{"class":79},[65,149829,95],{"class":83},[65,149831,157],{"class":79},[20,149833,149834],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[51,149836,20376],{"id":20375},[33,149838,149839,149842,149845,149848],{},[36,149840,149841],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,149843,149844],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,149846,149847],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,149849,149850],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149852,149853,149854,144],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[210,149855,149857],{"href":149856},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[51,149859,2396],{"id":2395},[20,149861,149862],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1286,149864,149866],{"id":149865},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149868,149869],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[56,149871,149873],{"className":58,"code":149872,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149874,149875,149891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149878,28113],{"class":71},[65,149880,76],{"class":75},[65,149882,8815],{"class":79},[65,149884,488],{"class":487},[65,149886,3648],{"class":491},[65,149888,488],{"class":487},[65,149890,157],{"class":79},[65,149892,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149894,164],{"class":163},[65,149896,151],{"class":79},[65,149898,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149900,151],{"class":79},[65,149902,22885],{"class":147},[65,149904,1028],{"class":79},[20,149906,149907],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[56,149909,149911],{"className":58,"code":149910,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149912,149913,149929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149914,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149916,28113],{"class":71},[65,149918,76],{"class":75},[65,149920,8815],{"class":79},[65,149922,488],{"class":487},[65,149924,3648],{"class":491},[65,149926,488],{"class":487},[65,149928,148771],{"class":79},[65,149930,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149932,164],{"class":163},[65,149934,151],{"class":79},[65,149936,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149938,151],{"class":79},[65,149940,22885],{"class":147},[65,149942,1028],{"class":79},[1286,149944,149946],{"id":149945},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149948,149949],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[56,149951,149953],{"className":58,"code":149952,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149954,149955,149975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149956,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149958,3389],{"class":71},[65,149960,76],{"class":75},[65,149962,1339],{"class":79},[65,149964,84],{"class":83},[65,149966,87],{"class":79},[65,149968,90],{"class":83},[65,149970,87],{"class":79},[65,149972,95],{"class":83},[65,149974,1352],{"class":79},[65,149976,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,149978,164],{"class":163},[65,149980,151],{"class":79},[65,149982,1260],{"class":1259},[65,149984,151],{"class":79},[65,149986,4928],{"class":147},[65,149988,1028],{"class":79},[20,149990,149991],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[56,149993,149995],{"className":58,"code":149994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149996,149997,150017],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149998,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150000,3389],{"class":71},[65,150002,76],{"class":75},[65,150004,8815],{"class":79},[65,150006,84],{"class":83},[65,150008,87],{"class":79},[65,150010,90],{"class":83},[65,150012,87],{"class":79},[65,150014,95],{"class":83},[65,150016,157],{"class":79},[65,150018,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150020,164],{"class":163},[65,150022,151],{"class":79},[65,150024,1260],{"class":1259},[65,150026,151],{"class":79},[65,150028,4928],{"class":147},[65,150030,1028],{"class":79},[1286,150032,150034],{"id":150033},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150036,149847],{},[56,150038,150040],{"className":58,"code":150039,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150041,150042,150062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150045,3185],{"class":71},[65,150047,76],{"class":75},[65,150049,8815],{"class":79},[65,150051,84],{"class":83},[65,150053,87],{"class":79},[65,150055,90],{"class":83},[65,150057,87],{"class":79},[65,150059,95],{"class":83},[65,150061,157],{"class":79},[65,150063,150064],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150065,150066],{"class":175},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150068,150069],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1286,150071,36784,150073,150076],{"id":150072},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150074,150075],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150078,64228],{},[56,150080,150081],{"className":58,"code":149699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150082,150083,150101],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150084,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150086,35670],{"class":71},[65,150088,76],{"class":75},[65,150090,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150092,151],{"class":79},[65,150094,488],{"class":487},[65,150096,41143],{"class":491},[65,150098,488],{"class":487},[65,150100,157],{"class":79},[65,150102,150103,150105,150107,150109],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150104,164],{"class":163},[65,150106,151],{"class":79},[65,150108,35723],{"class":147},[65,150110,157],{"class":79},[20,150112,150113],{},"gives:",[56,150115,150116],{"className":58,"code":149734,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150117,150118],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150119,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150121,151],{"class":79},[65,150123,594],{"class":487},[65,150125,210],{"class":491},[65,150127,594],{"class":487},[65,150129,87],{"class":79},[65,150131,603],{"class":487},[65,150133,154],{"class":491},[65,150135,594],{"class":487},[65,150137,87],{"class":79},[65,150139,603],{"class":487},[65,150141,9317],{"class":491},[65,150143,594],{"class":487},[65,150145,157],{"class":79},[20,150147,150148],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[56,150150,150152],{"className":58,"code":150151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150153,150154,150170],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150155,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150157,5724],{"class":71},[65,150159,76],{"class":75},[65,150161,8815],{"class":79},[65,150163,488],{"class":487},[65,150165,41143],{"class":491},[65,150167,488],{"class":487},[65,150169,148771],{"class":79},[65,150171,150172,150174,150176,150178],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150173,164],{"class":163},[65,150175,151],{"class":79},[65,150177,37972],{"class":147},[65,150179,157],{"class":79},[20,150181,350],{},[56,150183,150185],{"className":58,"code":150184,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('abc',)\n",[15,150186,150187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150188,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150190,151],{"class":79},[65,150192,594],{"class":487},[65,150194,41143],{"class":491},[65,150196,594],{"class":487},[65,150198,148771],{"class":79},[1286,150200,150202],{"id":150201},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150204,150205],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[56,150207,150209],{"className":58,"code":150208,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150210,150211,150228,150232,150242,150256],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150212,150213,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150214,150215],{"class":71},"my_tuple ",[65,150217,76],{"class":75},[65,150219,8815],{"class":79},[65,150221,488],{"class":487},[65,150223,3648],{"class":491},[65,150225,488],{"class":487},[65,150227,148771],{"class":79},[65,150229,150230],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150231,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150233,150234,150236,150238,150240],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150235,164],{"class":163},[65,150237,151],{"class":79},[65,150239,147433],{"class":147},[65,150241,157],{"class":79},[65,150243,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150245,164],{"class":163},[65,150247,151],{"class":79},[65,150249,1260],{"class":1259},[65,150251,151],{"class":79},[65,150253,147433],{"class":147},[65,150255,1028],{"class":79},[65,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,150259,164],{"class":163},[65,150261,151],{"class":79},[65,150263,10737],{"class":163},[65,150265,151],{"class":79},[65,150267,147433],{"class":147},[65,150269,1028],{"class":79},[51,150271,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,150273,150275],{"id":150274},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150277,150278,150279,150282],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150280,150281],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1286,150284,150286],{"id":150285},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150288,150289],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1286,150291,150293],{"id":150292},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150295,150296],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1286,150298,150300],{"id":150299},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150302,150303],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1286,150305,4711,150307,12291],{"id":150306},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150308,150075],{},[20,150310,4717,150311,150314],{},[15,150312,150313],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[51,150316,1455],{"id":1454},[33,150318,150319,150323,150327,150333,150338,150343,150347],{},[36,150320,150321],{},[210,150322,147415],{"href":147414},[36,150324,150325],{},[210,150326,149088],{"href":149087},[36,150328,150329],{},[210,150330,150332],{"href":150331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,150334,150335],{},[210,150336,150337],{"href":148653},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,150339,150340],{},[210,150341,150342],{"href":148718},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,150344,150345],{},[210,150346,62802],{"href":62801},[36,150348,150349],{},[210,150350,150351],{"href":149856},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1499,150353,150354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":150356},[150357,150358,150359,150360,150361,150362,150368,150374,150375,150383,150391],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":148947,"depth":101,"text":148948},{"id":149091,"depth":101,"text":149092},{"id":149184,"depth":101,"text":149185},{"id":149377,"depth":101,"text":149378,"children":150363},[150364,150365,150366,150367],{"id":3215,"depth":126,"text":56048},{"id":4878,"depth":126,"text":56051},{"id":149469,"depth":126,"text":149470},{"id":149512,"depth":126,"text":149513},{"id":149619,"depth":101,"text":150369,"children":150370},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150371,150372,150373],{"id":104810,"depth":126,"text":104811},{"id":104995,"depth":126,"text":104996},{"id":149770,"depth":126,"text":149771},{"id":20375,"depth":101,"text":20376},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":150376},[150377,150378,150379,150380,150382],{"id":149865,"depth":126,"text":149866},{"id":149945,"depth":126,"text":149946},{"id":150033,"depth":126,"text":150034},{"id":150072,"depth":126,"text":150381},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150201,"depth":126,"text":150202},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":150384},[150385,150386,150387,150388,150389],{"id":150274,"depth":126,"text":150275},{"id":150285,"depth":126,"text":150286},{"id":150292,"depth":126,"text":150293},{"id":150299,"depth":126,"text":150300},{"id":150306,"depth":126,"text":150390},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148704,"description":150392},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150399,"title":150400,"body":150401,"description":151946,"extension":1528,"meta":151947,"navigation":129,"path":151948,"seo":151949,"stem":151950,"__hash__":151951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150402,"toc":151916},[150403,150406,150411,150413,150426,150432,150434,150501,150503,150538,150543,150547,150551,150553,150564,150572,150574,150576,150597,150599,150619,150622,150624,150629,150672,150674,150696,150699,150712,150716,150720,150723,150776,150778,150799,150804,150808,150811,150856,150858,150891,150903,150907,150915,150952,150954,150983,150987,150990,151043,151045,151065,151072,151076,151081,151150,151152,151177,151181,151184,151190,151267,151269,151328,151330,151342,151347,151351,151355,151369,151371,151406,151408,151425,151428,151441,151445,151449,151460,151465,151480,151483,151486,151488,151491,151495,151497,151511,151513,151537,151542,151546,151549,151568,151571,151620,151625,151642,151645,151678,151682,151684,151735,151738,151763,151766,151789,151793,151799,151801,151836,151839,151844,151846,151850,151853,151857,151862,151866,151869,151873,151876,151880,151885,151887,151913],[10,150404,150400],{"id":150405},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150407,8701,150408,150410],{},[15,150409,37627],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150412,82170],{},[33,150414,150415,150420],{},[36,150416,150417,150419],{},[15,150418,37627],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,150421,150422,150425],{},[15,150423,150424],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150427,150428,150429,150431],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150430,37627],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[51,150433,1570],{"id":1569},[56,150435,150437],{"className":58,"code":150436,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150438,150439,150459,150473,150477,150487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150440,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150442,3185],{"class":71},[65,150444,76],{"class":75},[65,150446,1339],{"class":79},[65,150448,84],{"class":83},[65,150450,87],{"class":79},[65,150452,90],{"class":83},[65,150454,87],{"class":79},[65,150456,95],{"class":83},[65,150458,1352],{"class":79},[65,150460,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150462,136],{"class":71},[65,150464,76],{"class":75},[65,150466,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150468,151],{"class":79},[65,150470,3215],{"class":147},[65,150472,157],{"class":79},[65,150474,150475],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150476,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150478,150479,150481,150483,150485],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150480,164],{"class":163},[65,150482,151],{"class":79},[65,150484,169],{"class":147},[65,150486,157],{"class":79},[65,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,150490,164],{"class":163},[65,150492,151],{"class":79},[65,150494,1260],{"class":1259},[65,150496,151],{"class":79},[65,150498,169],{"class":147},[65,150500,1028],{"class":79},[20,150502,350],{},[56,150504,150506],{"className":58,"code":150505,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150507,150508,150524],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150509,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150511,151],{"class":79},[65,150513,84],{"class":83},[65,150515,87],{"class":79},[65,150517,90],{"class":83},[65,150519,87],{"class":79},[65,150521,95],{"class":83},[65,150523,157],{"class":79},[65,150525,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150527,2857],{"class":75},[65,150529,2860],{"class":1632},[65,150531,603],{"class":487},[65,150533,48538],{"class":491},[65,150535,594],{"class":487},[65,150537,2869],{"class":75},[20,150539,1660,150540,150542],{},[15,150541,150424],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[51,150544,150546],{"id":150545},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150548,150549,62510],{},[15,150550,37627],{},[20,150552,48512],{},[33,150554,150555,150558,150561],{},[36,150556,150557],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,150559,150560],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,150562,150563],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150565,150566,150567,150569,150570,144],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,150568,148719],{"href":148718}," or the full guide to ",[210,150571,147415],{"href":147414},[51,150573,222],{"id":221},[20,150575,26063],{},[56,150577,150579],{"className":58,"code":150578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150580,150581,150587],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150582,150583,150585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150584,48538],{"class":1259},[65,150586,8220],{"class":79},[65,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150590,48538],{"class":1259},[65,150592,151],{"class":79},[65,150594,3286],{"class":147},[65,150596,157],{"class":79},[20,150598,11034],{},[33,150600,150601,150604],{},[36,150602,150603],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,150605,150606,150607],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,150608,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617],{},[36,150610,4869],{},[36,150612,4878],{},[36,150614,62581],{},[36,150616,4875],{},[36,150618,6823],{},[20,150620,150621],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[51,150623,149092],{"id":149091},[20,150625,29225,150626,150628],{},[15,150627,37627],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[56,150630,150632],{"className":58,"code":150631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150633,150634,150644,150648,150658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150635,150636,150638,150640,150642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150637,124279],{"class":71},[65,150639,76],{"class":75},[65,150641,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150643,8220],{"class":79},[65,150645,150646],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150647,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150649,150650,150652,150654,150656],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150651,164],{"class":163},[65,150653,151],{"class":79},[65,150655,124330],{"class":147},[65,150657,157],{"class":79},[65,150659,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150661,164],{"class":163},[65,150663,151],{"class":79},[65,150665,1260],{"class":1259},[65,150667,151],{"class":79},[65,150669,124330],{"class":147},[65,150671,1028],{"class":79},[20,150673,350],{},[56,150675,150676],{"className":58,"code":149137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150677,150678,150682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150679,150680],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150681,8220],{"class":79},[65,150683,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150685,2857],{"class":75},[65,150687,2860],{"class":1632},[65,150689,603],{"class":487},[65,150691,48538],{"class":491},[65,150693,594],{"class":487},[65,150695,2869],{"class":75},[20,150697,150698],{},"This is equivalent to:",[56,150700,150702],{"className":58,"code":150701,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = ()\n",[15,150703,150704],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150705,150706,150708,150710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150707,124279],{"class":71},[65,150709,76],{"class":75},[65,150711,148757],{"class":79},[51,150713,150715],{"id":150714},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1286,150717,150719],{"id":150718},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150721,150722],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[56,150724,150726],{"className":58,"code":150725,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150727,150728,150748,150762,150766],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150729,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150731,3185],{"class":71},[65,150733,76],{"class":75},[65,150735,1339],{"class":79},[65,150737,1898],{"class":83},[65,150739,87],{"class":79},[65,150741,7364],{"class":83},[65,150743,87],{"class":79},[65,150745,7369],{"class":83},[65,150747,1352],{"class":79},[65,150749,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150751,136],{"class":71},[65,150753,76],{"class":75},[65,150755,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150757,151],{"class":79},[65,150759,3215],{"class":147},[65,150761,157],{"class":79},[65,150763,150764],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150765,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150767,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150769,164],{"class":163},[65,150771,151],{"class":79},[65,150773,169],{"class":147},[65,150775,157],{"class":79},[20,150777,350],{},[56,150779,150781],{"className":58,"code":150780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150782,150783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150784,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150786,151],{"class":79},[65,150788,1898],{"class":83},[65,150790,87],{"class":79},[65,150792,7364],{"class":83},[65,150794,87],{"class":79},[65,150796,7369],{"class":83},[65,150798,157],{"class":79},[20,150800,150801,150802,144],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[210,150803,104616],{"href":59640},[1286,150805,150807],{"id":150806},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150809,150810],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[56,150812,150814],{"className":58,"code":150813,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150815,150816,150828,150842,150846],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150817,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150819,34265],{"class":71},[65,150821,76],{"class":75},[65,150823,499],{"class":487},[65,150825,36627],{"class":491},[65,150827,2925],{"class":487},[65,150829,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150831,136],{"class":71},[65,150833,76],{"class":75},[65,150835,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150837,151],{"class":79},[65,150839,34286],{"class":147},[65,150841,157],{"class":79},[65,150843,150844],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150845,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150847,150848,150850,150852,150854],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150849,164],{"class":163},[65,150851,151],{"class":79},[65,150853,169],{"class":147},[65,150855,157],{"class":79},[20,150857,350],{},[56,150859,150861],{"className":58,"code":150860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150862,150863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150864,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885,150887,150889],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150866,151],{"class":79},[65,150868,594],{"class":487},[65,150870,9317],{"class":491},[65,150872,594],{"class":487},[65,150874,87],{"class":79},[65,150876,603],{"class":487},[65,150878,210],{"class":491},[65,150880,594],{"class":487},[65,150882,87],{"class":79},[65,150884,603],{"class":487},[65,150886,62871],{"class":491},[65,150888,594],{"class":487},[65,150890,157],{"class":79},[20,150892,150893,150894,13628,150897,150899,150900,144],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150895,150896],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[43,150898,45],{}," create ",[15,150901,150902],{},"('cat',)",[1286,150904,150906],{"id":150905},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150908,150909,150911,150912,150914],{},[15,150910,35778],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150913,37627],{}," collects them all.",[56,150916,150918],{"className":58,"code":150917,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150919,150920,150938,150942],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150921,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150923,136],{"class":71},[65,150925,76],{"class":75},[65,150927,148781],{"class":1259},[65,150929,151],{"class":79},[65,150931,59583],{"class":163},[65,150933,151],{"class":79},[65,150935,1705],{"class":83},[65,150937,1028],{"class":79},[65,150939,150940],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,150941,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,150943,150944,150946,150948,150950],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,150945,164],{"class":163},[65,150947,151],{"class":79},[65,150949,169],{"class":147},[65,150951,157],{"class":79},[20,150953,350],{},[56,150955,150957],{"className":58,"code":150956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150958,150959],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150960,150961,150963,150965,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150962,151],{"class":79},[65,150964,1688],{"class":83},[65,150966,87],{"class":79},[65,150968,5066],{"class":83},[65,150970,87],{"class":79},[65,150972,90],{"class":83},[65,150974,87],{"class":79},[65,150976,95],{"class":83},[65,150978,87],{"class":79},[65,150980,116],{"class":83},[65,150982,157],{"class":79},[1286,150984,150986],{"id":150985},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150988,150989],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[56,150991,150993],{"className":58,"code":150992,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150994,150995,151015,151029,151033],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150996,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150998,3389],{"class":71},[65,151000,76],{"class":75},[65,151002,80],{"class":79},[65,151004,84],{"class":83},[65,151006,87],{"class":79},[65,151008,90],{"class":83},[65,151010,87],{"class":79},[65,151012,95],{"class":83},[65,151014,98],{"class":79},[65,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151018,136],{"class":71},[65,151020,76],{"class":75},[65,151022,148781],{"class":1259},[65,151024,151],{"class":79},[65,151026,4928],{"class":147},[65,151028,157],{"class":79},[65,151030,151031],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,151032,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,151034,151035,151037,151039,151041],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151036,164],{"class":163},[65,151038,151],{"class":79},[65,151040,169],{"class":147},[65,151042,157],{"class":79},[20,151044,350],{},[56,151046,151047],{"className":58,"code":148994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,151048,151049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151050,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151052,151],{"class":79},[65,151054,84],{"class":83},[65,151056,87],{"class":79},[65,151058,90],{"class":83},[65,151060,87],{"class":79},[65,151062,95],{"class":83},[65,151064,157],{"class":79},[20,151066,151067,151068,144],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[210,151069,151071],{"href":151070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1286,151073,151075],{"id":151074},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151077,63124,151078,151080],{},[15,151079,37627],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[56,151082,151084],{"className":58,"code":151083,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151085,151086,151122,151136,151140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151087,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151089,12779],{"class":71},[65,151091,76],{"class":75},[65,151093,80],{"class":79},[65,151095,488],{"class":487},[65,151097,7241],{"class":491},[65,151099,488],{"class":487},[65,151101,191],{"class":79},[65,151103,499],{"class":487},[65,151105,12456],{"class":491},[65,151107,488],{"class":487},[65,151109,87],{"class":79},[65,151111,499],{"class":487},[65,151113,8877],{"class":491},[65,151115,488],{"class":487},[65,151117,191],{"class":79},[65,151119,8884],{"class":83},[65,151121,98],{"class":79},[65,151123,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151125,136],{"class":71},[65,151127,76],{"class":75},[65,151129,148781],{"class":1259},[65,151131,151],{"class":79},[65,151133,16882],{"class":147},[65,151135,157],{"class":79},[65,151137,151138],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,151139,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,151141,151142,151144,151146,151148],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151143,164],{"class":163},[65,151145,151],{"class":79},[65,151147,169],{"class":147},[65,151149,157],{"class":79},[20,151151,1046],{},[56,151153,151155],{"className":58,"code":151154,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151156,151157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151158,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151160,151],{"class":79},[65,151162,594],{"class":487},[65,151164,7241],{"class":491},[65,151166,594],{"class":487},[65,151168,87],{"class":79},[65,151170,603],{"class":487},[65,151172,8877],{"class":491},[65,151174,594],{"class":487},[65,151176,157],{"class":79},[51,151178,151180],{"id":151179},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151182,151183],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151185,151186,151189],{},[15,151187,151188],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[56,151191,151193],{"className":58,"code":151192,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151194,151195,151231,151235,151249],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151198,12779],{"class":71},[65,151200,76],{"class":75},[65,151202,80],{"class":79},[65,151204,488],{"class":487},[65,151206,7241],{"class":491},[65,151208,488],{"class":487},[65,151210,191],{"class":79},[65,151212,499],{"class":487},[65,151214,12456],{"class":491},[65,151216,488],{"class":487},[65,151218,87],{"class":79},[65,151220,499],{"class":487},[65,151222,8877],{"class":491},[65,151224,488],{"class":487},[65,151226,191],{"class":79},[65,151228,8884],{"class":83},[65,151230,98],{"class":79},[65,151232,151233],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151234,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,151236,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,151238,164],{"class":163},[65,151240,151],{"class":79},[65,151242,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151244,151],{"class":79},[65,151246,16882],{"class":147},[65,151248,1028],{"class":79},[65,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151252,164],{"class":163},[65,151254,151],{"class":79},[65,151256,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151258,151],{"class":79},[65,151260,16882],{"class":147},[65,151262,144],{"class":79},[65,151264,7384],{"class":147},[65,151266,5859],{"class":79},[20,151268,350],{},[56,151270,151272],{"className":58,"code":151271,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151273,151274,151294],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151275,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151277,151],{"class":79},[65,151279,594],{"class":487},[65,151281,7241],{"class":491},[65,151283,594],{"class":487},[65,151285,87],{"class":79},[65,151287,603],{"class":487},[65,151289,8877],{"class":491},[65,151291,594],{"class":487},[65,151293,157],{"class":79},[65,151295,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151297,5079],{"class":79},[65,151299,594],{"class":487},[65,151301,7241],{"class":491},[65,151303,594],{"class":487},[65,151305,87],{"class":79},[65,151307,603],{"class":487},[65,151309,12456],{"class":491},[65,151311,594],{"class":487},[65,151313,8812],{"class":79},[65,151315,8815],{"class":79},[65,151317,594],{"class":487},[65,151319,8877],{"class":491},[65,151321,594],{"class":487},[65,151323,87],{"class":79},[65,151325,8884],{"class":83},[65,151327,1028],{"class":79},[20,151329,784],{},[33,151331,151332,151337],{},[36,151333,151334,151336],{},[15,151335,151188],{}," for keys",[36,151338,151339,32133],{},[15,151340,151341],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151343,151344,151345,144],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[210,151346,63134],{"href":63133},[51,151348,151350],{"id":151349},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151352,151353,17894],{},[15,151354,37627],{},[33,151356,151357,151360,151363,151366],{},[36,151358,151359],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,151361,151362],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,151364,151365],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,151367,151368],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151370,267],{},[56,151372,151374],{"className":58,"code":151373,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151375,151376,151395],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151377,151378,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151379,151380],{"class":71},"coordinates ",[65,151382,76],{"class":75},[65,151384,148781],{"class":1259},[65,151386,2552],{"class":79},[65,151388,2072],{"class":83},[65,151390,87],{"class":79},[65,151392,5563],{"class":83},[65,151394,3457],{"class":79},[65,151396,151397,151399,151401,151404],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151398,164],{"class":163},[65,151400,151],{"class":79},[65,151402,151403],{"class":147},"coordinates",[65,151405,157],{"class":79},[20,151407,350],{},[56,151409,151411],{"className":58,"code":151410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151412,151413],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151414,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151416,151],{"class":79},[65,151418,2072],{"class":83},[65,151420,87],{"class":79},[65,151422,5563],{"class":83},[65,151424,157],{"class":79},[20,151426,151427],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,151429,151430,151432,151435,151438],{},[36,151431,151403],{},[36,151433,151434],{},"RGB colors",[36,151436,151437],{},"dates",[36,151439,151440],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[51,151442,151444],{"id":151443},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151446,44013,151447,10177],{},[15,151448,37627],{},[33,151450,151451,151454,151457],{},[36,151452,151453],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,151455,151456],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,151458,151459],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151461,115906,151462,151464],{},[43,151463,45],{}," work:",[56,151466,151468],{"className":58,"code":151467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151469,151470],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151471,151472,151474,151476,151478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151473,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151475,151],{"class":79},[65,151477,1705],{"class":83},[65,151479,157],{"class":79},[20,151481,151482],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151484,151485],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[51,151487,114744],{"id":114743},[20,151489,151490],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1286,151492,151494],{"id":151493},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151496,2403],{},[56,151498,151499],{"className":58,"code":151467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,151500,151501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151502,151503,151505,151507,151509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151504,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151506,151],{"class":79},[65,151508,1705],{"class":83},[65,151510,157],{"class":79},[20,151512,29256],{},[56,151514,151515],{"className":58,"code":63238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,151516,151517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151518,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151520,2571],{"class":1259},[65,151522,191],{"class":79},[65,151524,603],{"class":487},[65,151526,1757],{"class":491},[65,151528,594],{"class":487},[65,151530,24192],{"class":1259},[65,151532,7672],{"class":75},[65,151534,7675],{"class":75},[65,151536,63261],{"class":71},[20,151538,151539,151540,144],{},"If you see this, read ",[210,151541,61876],{"href":52185},[1286,151543,151545],{"id":151544},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151547,151548],{},"This code:",[56,151550,151552],{"className":58,"code":151551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151553,151554],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151555,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151557,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151559,151],{"class":79},[65,151561,488],{"class":487},[65,151563,3412],{"class":491},[65,151565,488],{"class":487},[65,151567,157],{"class":79},[20,151569,151570],{},"returns:",[56,151572,151574],{"className":58,"code":151573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151575,151576],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151577,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151579,151],{"class":79},[65,151581,594],{"class":487},[65,151583,60023],{"class":491},[65,151585,594],{"class":487},[65,151587,87],{"class":79},[65,151589,603],{"class":487},[65,151591,60032],{"class":491},[65,151593,594],{"class":487},[65,151595,87],{"class":79},[65,151597,603],{"class":487},[65,151599,60041],{"class":491},[65,151601,594],{"class":487},[65,151603,87],{"class":79},[65,151605,603],{"class":487},[65,151607,60041],{"class":491},[65,151609,594],{"class":487},[65,151611,87],{"class":79},[65,151613,603],{"class":487},[65,151615,60058],{"class":491},[65,151617,594],{"class":487},[65,151619,157],{"class":79},[20,151621,40488,151622,151624],{},[43,151623,45],{}," return:",[56,151626,151628],{"className":58,"code":151627,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('hello',)\n",[15,151629,151630],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151633,151],{"class":79},[65,151635,594],{"class":487},[65,151637,3412],{"class":491},[65,151639,594],{"class":487},[65,151641,148771],{"class":79},[20,151643,151644],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[56,151646,151648],{"className":58,"code":151647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151649,151650,151667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151651,151652,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151653,151654],{"class":71},"single ",[65,151656,76],{"class":75},[65,151658,8815],{"class":79},[65,151660,488],{"class":487},[65,151662,3412],{"class":491},[65,151664,488],{"class":487},[65,151666,148771],{"class":79},[65,151668,151669,151671,151673,151676],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151670,164],{"class":163},[65,151672,151],{"class":79},[65,151674,151675],{"class":147},"single",[65,151677,157],{"class":79},[1286,151679,151681],{"id":151680},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151683,151548],{},[56,151685,151687],{"className":58,"code":151686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151688,151689,151721],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151692,8744],{"class":71},[65,151694,76],{"class":75},[65,151696,80],{"class":79},[65,151698,488],{"class":487},[65,151700,210],{"class":491},[65,151702,488],{"class":487},[65,151704,191],{"class":79},[65,151706,5066],{"class":83},[65,151708,87],{"class":79},[65,151710,499],{"class":487},[65,151712,154],{"class":491},[65,151714,488],{"class":487},[65,151716,191],{"class":79},[65,151718,90],{"class":83},[65,151720,98],{"class":79},[65,151722,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151724,164],{"class":163},[65,151726,151],{"class":79},[65,151728,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151730,151],{"class":79},[65,151732,8783],{"class":147},[65,151734,1028],{"class":79},[20,151736,151737],{},"returns only the keys:",[56,151739,151741],{"className":58,"code":151740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151742,151743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151746,151],{"class":79},[65,151748,594],{"class":487},[65,151750,210],{"class":491},[65,151752,594],{"class":487},[65,151754,87],{"class":79},[65,151756,603],{"class":487},[65,151758,154],{"class":491},[65,151760,594],{"class":487},[65,151762,157],{"class":79},[20,151764,151765],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[56,151767,151769],{"className":58,"code":151768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151770,151771],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151772,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151774,164],{"class":163},[65,151776,151],{"class":79},[65,151778,48538],{"class":1259},[65,151780,151],{"class":79},[65,151782,8783],{"class":147},[65,151784,144],{"class":79},[65,151786,7384],{"class":147},[65,151788,5859],{"class":79},[1286,151790,151792],{"id":151791},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151794,151795,151796,151798],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151797,37627],{}," conversion.",[20,151800,405],{},[56,151802,151804],{"className":58,"code":151803,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151805,151806,151826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151807,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151809,2015],{"class":71},[65,151811,76],{"class":75},[65,151813,8815],{"class":79},[65,151815,84],{"class":83},[65,151817,87],{"class":79},[65,151819,90],{"class":83},[65,151821,87],{"class":79},[65,151823,95],{"class":83},[65,151825,157],{"class":79},[65,151827,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,151829,164],{"class":163},[65,151831,151],{"class":79},[65,151833,2040],{"class":147},[65,151835,157],{"class":79},[20,151837,151838],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151840,25081,151841,151843],{},[15,151842,37627],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[51,151845,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,151847,151849],{"id":151848},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151851,151852],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1286,151854,151856],{"id":151855},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151858,151859,151860,144],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151861,6938],{},[1286,151863,151865],{"id":151864},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151867,151868],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1286,151870,151872],{"id":151871},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151874,151875],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1286,151877,151879],{"id":151878},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151881,151882,151883,144],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151884,2571],{},[51,151886,1455],{"id":1454},[33,151888,151889,151893,151897,151901,151905,151909],{},[36,151890,151891],{},[210,151892,147415],{"href":147414},[36,151894,151895],{},[210,151896,150342],{"href":148718},[36,151898,151899],{},[210,151900,104616],{"href":59640},[36,151902,151903],{},[210,151904,151071],{"href":151070},[36,151906,151907],{},[210,151908,63134],{"href":63133},[36,151910,151911],{},[210,151912,61876],{"href":52185},[1499,151914,151915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":151917},[151918,151919,151920,151921,151922,151929,151930,151931,151932,151938,151945],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":150545,"depth":101,"text":150546},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":149091,"depth":101,"text":149092},{"id":150714,"depth":101,"text":150715,"children":151923},[151924,151925,151926,151927,151928],{"id":150718,"depth":126,"text":150719},{"id":150806,"depth":126,"text":150807},{"id":150905,"depth":126,"text":150906},{"id":150985,"depth":126,"text":150986},{"id":151074,"depth":126,"text":151075},{"id":151179,"depth":101,"text":151180},{"id":151349,"depth":101,"text":151350},{"id":151443,"depth":101,"text":151444},{"id":114743,"depth":101,"text":114744,"children":151933},[151934,151935,151936,151937],{"id":151493,"depth":126,"text":151494},{"id":151544,"depth":126,"text":151545},{"id":151680,"depth":126,"text":151681},{"id":151791,"depth":126,"text":151792},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":151939},[151940,151941,151942,151943,151944],{"id":151848,"depth":126,"text":151849},{"id":151855,"depth":126,"text":151856},{"id":151864,"depth":126,"text":151865},{"id":151871,"depth":126,"text":151872},{"id":151878,"depth":126,"text":151879},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150400,"description":151946},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151953,"title":151954,"body":151955,"description":153368,"extension":1528,"meta":153369,"navigation":129,"path":153370,"seo":153371,"stem":153372,"__hash__":153373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151956,"toc":153340},[151957,151962,151967,151970,151972,152051,152057,152062,152066,152081,152083,152130,152132,152140,152148,152154,152156,152161,152181,152184,152211,152213,152237,152239,152381,152383,152387,152395,152398,152400,152477,152479,152487,152491,152495,152505,152515,152517,152522,152524,152583,152588,152590,152690,152692,152706,152711,152717,152724,152727,152729,152839,152843,152860,152862,152925,152927,152935,152947,152951,152956,152984,152987,153069,153071,153082,153084,153088,153115,153117,153119,153199,153207,153209,153264,153266,153271,153274,153278,153282,153284,153288,153292,153300,153307,153310,153312,153337],[10,151958,147299,151960,18],{"id":151959},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151961,58552],{},[20,151963,151964,151966],{},[15,151965,148620],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151968,151969],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[51,151971,1570],{"id":1569},[56,151973,151975],{"className":58,"code":151974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151976,151977,152017,152039],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151978,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005,152007,152009,152011,152013,152015],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151980,12652],{"class":71},[65,151982,76],{"class":75},[65,151984,8815],{"class":79},[65,151986,488],{"class":487},[65,151988,492],{"class":491},[65,151990,488],{"class":487},[65,151992,87],{"class":79},[65,151994,499],{"class":487},[65,151996,502],{"class":491},[65,151998,488],{"class":487},[65,152000,87],{"class":79},[65,152002,499],{"class":487},[65,152004,511],{"class":491},[65,152006,488],{"class":487},[65,152008,87],{"class":79},[65,152010,499],{"class":487},[65,152012,502],{"class":491},[65,152014,488],{"class":487},[65,152016,157],{"class":79},[65,152018,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152020,64504],{"class":71},[65,152022,76],{"class":75},[65,152024,12698],{"class":71},[65,152026,144],{"class":79},[65,152028,35425],{"class":147},[65,152030,151],{"class":79},[65,152032,488],{"class":487},[65,152034,502],{"class":491},[65,152036,488],{"class":487},[65,152038,157],{"class":79},[65,152040,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152042,164],{"class":163},[65,152044,151],{"class":79},[65,152046,64531],{"class":147},[65,152048,172],{"class":79},[65,152050,27355],{"class":175},[20,152052,152053,152056],{},[15,152054,152055],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[51,152058,183,152060,186],{"id":152059},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152061,148620],{},[20,152063,1545,152064,10988],{},[15,152065,58552],{},[33,152067,152068,152071,152073,152076],{},[36,152069,152070],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,152072,127897],{},[36,152074,152075],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,152077,152078,152079],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152080,1688],{},[20,152082,267],{},[56,152084,152086],{"className":58,"code":152085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152087,152088,152112],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152089,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152091,3185],{"class":71},[65,152093,76],{"class":75},[65,152095,8815],{"class":79},[65,152097,1898],{"class":83},[65,152099,87],{"class":79},[65,152101,7364],{"class":83},[65,152103,87],{"class":79},[65,152105,7369],{"class":83},[65,152107,87],{"class":79},[65,152109,7364],{"class":83},[65,152111,157],{"class":79},[65,152113,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152115,164],{"class":163},[65,152117,151],{"class":79},[65,152119,3215],{"class":147},[65,152121,144],{"class":79},[65,152123,35425],{"class":147},[65,152125,151],{"class":79},[65,152127,15329],{"class":83},[65,152129,1028],{"class":79},[20,152131,350],{},[56,152133,152134],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152135,152136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152137,152138],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152139,46501],{"class":83},[20,152141,20553,152142,152144,152145,152147],{},[15,152143,15329],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152146,58552],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152149,150566,152150,144],{},[210,152151,152153],{"href":152152},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[51,152155,222],{"id":221},[20,152157,7336,152158,152160],{},[15,152159,58552],{}," in two ways:",[56,152162,152164],{"className":58,"code":152163,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152165,152166],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152167,152168,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152169,152170],{"class":71},"tuple_name",[65,152172,144],{"class":79},[65,152174,35425],{"class":147},[65,152176,151],{"class":79},[65,152178,2040],{"class":147},[65,152180,157],{"class":79},[20,152182,152183],{},"or:",[56,152185,152187],{"className":58,"code":152186,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152188,152189],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152190,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152192,152170],{"class":71},[65,152194,144],{"class":79},[65,152196,35425],{"class":147},[65,152198,151],{"class":79},[65,152200,2040],{"class":147},[65,152202,87],{"class":79},[65,152204,35631],{"class":147},[65,152206,87],{"class":79},[65,152208,64625],{"class":147},[65,152210,157],{"class":79},[1286,152212,16970],{"id":16969},[33,152214,152215,152220,152225,152230],{},[36,152216,152217,152219],{},[15,152218,2040],{}," — the item to search for",[36,152221,152222,152224],{},[15,152223,35652],{}," — optional starting position",[36,152226,152227,152229],{},[15,152228,52246],{}," — optional ending position",[36,152231,152232,4351,152234,152236],{},[15,152233,52246],{},[43,152235,64654],{}," in the search",[20,152238,267],{},[56,152240,152242],{"className":58,"code":152241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152243,152244,152292,152296,152321,152349],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152245,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152247,35670],{"class":71},[65,152249,76],{"class":75},[65,152251,8815],{"class":79},[65,152253,488],{"class":487},[65,152255,210],{"class":491},[65,152257,488],{"class":487},[65,152259,87],{"class":79},[65,152261,499],{"class":487},[65,152263,154],{"class":491},[65,152265,488],{"class":487},[65,152267,87],{"class":79},[65,152269,499],{"class":487},[65,152271,9317],{"class":491},[65,152273,488],{"class":487},[65,152275,87],{"class":79},[65,152277,499],{"class":487},[65,152279,154],{"class":491},[65,152281,488],{"class":487},[65,152283,87],{"class":79},[65,152285,499],{"class":487},[65,152287,18342],{"class":491},[65,152289,488],{"class":487},[65,152291,157],{"class":79},[65,152293,152294],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152295,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,152297,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152299,164],{"class":163},[65,152301,151],{"class":79},[65,152303,35723],{"class":147},[65,152305,144],{"class":79},[65,152307,35425],{"class":147},[65,152309,151],{"class":79},[65,152311,488],{"class":487},[65,152313,154],{"class":491},[65,152315,488],{"class":487},[65,152317,758],{"class":79},[65,152319,152320],{"class":175},"        # 1\n",[65,152322,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152324,164],{"class":163},[65,152326,151],{"class":79},[65,152328,35723],{"class":147},[65,152330,144],{"class":79},[65,152332,35425],{"class":147},[65,152334,151],{"class":79},[65,152336,488],{"class":487},[65,152338,154],{"class":491},[65,152340,488],{"class":487},[65,152342,87],{"class":79},[65,152344,90],{"class":83},[65,152346,758],{"class":79},[65,152348,50503],{"class":175},[65,152350,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,152352,164],{"class":163},[65,152354,151],{"class":79},[65,152356,35723],{"class":147},[65,152358,144],{"class":79},[65,152360,35425],{"class":147},[65,152362,151],{"class":79},[65,152364,488],{"class":487},[65,152366,154],{"class":491},[65,152368,488],{"class":487},[65,152370,87],{"class":79},[65,152372,5066],{"class":83},[65,152374,87],{"class":79},[65,152376,95],{"class":83},[65,152378,758],{"class":79},[65,152380,27355],{"class":175},[51,152382,102943],{"id":102942},[20,152384,152385,25084],{},[15,152386,148620],{},[33,152388,152389,152392],{},[36,152390,152391],{},"An integer",[36,152393,152394],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152396,152397],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152399,267],{},[56,152401,152403],{"className":58,"code":152402,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152404,152405,152445,152467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152406,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152408,108035],{"class":71},[65,152410,76],{"class":75},[65,152412,8815],{"class":79},[65,152414,488],{"class":487},[65,152416,36627],{"class":491},[65,152418,488],{"class":487},[65,152420,87],{"class":79},[65,152422,499],{"class":487},[65,152424,57712],{"class":491},[65,152426,488],{"class":487},[65,152428,87],{"class":79},[65,152430,499],{"class":487},[65,152432,57729],{"class":491},[65,152434,488],{"class":487},[65,152436,87],{"class":79},[65,152438,499],{"class":487},[65,152440,57712],{"class":491},[65,152442,488],{"class":487},[65,152444,157],{"class":79},[65,152446,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152448,136],{"class":71},[65,152450,76],{"class":75},[65,152452,108078],{"class":71},[65,152454,144],{"class":79},[65,152456,35425],{"class":147},[65,152458,151],{"class":79},[65,152460,488],{"class":487},[65,152462,57712],{"class":491},[65,152464,488],{"class":487},[65,152466,157],{"class":79},[65,152468,152469,152471,152473,152475],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152470,164],{"class":163},[65,152472,151],{"class":79},[65,152474,169],{"class":147},[65,152476,157],{"class":79},[20,152478,350],{},[56,152480,152481],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152482,152483],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152484,152485],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152486,46501],{"class":83},[51,152488,152490],{"id":152489},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152492,1660,152493,10177],{},[15,152494,148620],{},[33,152496,152497,152499,152502],{},[36,152498,65682],{},[36,152500,152501],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,152503,152504],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152506,152507,152508,152511,152512,144],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152509,152510],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[210,152513,149088],{"href":152514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[51,152516,65214],{"id":65213},[20,152518,152519,152520,144],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152521,40286],{},[20,152523,267],{},[56,152525,152527],{"className":58,"code":152526,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152528,152529,152561],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152530,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152532,12652],{"class":71},[65,152534,76],{"class":75},[65,152536,8815],{"class":79},[65,152538,488],{"class":487},[65,152540,492],{"class":491},[65,152542,488],{"class":487},[65,152544,87],{"class":79},[65,152546,499],{"class":487},[65,152548,502],{"class":491},[65,152550,488],{"class":487},[65,152552,87],{"class":79},[65,152554,499],{"class":487},[65,152556,511],{"class":491},[65,152558,488],{"class":487},[65,152560,157],{"class":79},[65,152562,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152564,164],{"class":163},[65,152566,151],{"class":79},[65,152568,17077],{"class":147},[65,152570,144],{"class":79},[65,152572,35425],{"class":147},[65,152574,151],{"class":79},[65,152576,488],{"class":487},[65,152578,537],{"class":491},[65,152580,488],{"class":487},[65,152582,1028],{"class":79},[20,152584,39235,152585,152587],{},[15,152586,647],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152589,65289],{},[56,152591,152593],{"className":58,"code":152592,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152594,152595,152627,152631,152647,152669,152675],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152598,12652],{"class":71},[65,152600,76],{"class":75},[65,152602,8815],{"class":79},[65,152604,488],{"class":487},[65,152606,492],{"class":491},[65,152608,488],{"class":487},[65,152610,87],{"class":79},[65,152612,499],{"class":487},[65,152614,502],{"class":491},[65,152616,488],{"class":487},[65,152618,87],{"class":79},[65,152620,499],{"class":487},[65,152622,511],{"class":491},[65,152624,488],{"class":487},[65,152626,157],{"class":79},[65,152628,152629],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152630,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,152632,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152634,6569],{"class":3444},[65,152636,499],{"class":487},[65,152638,537],{"class":491},[65,152640,488],{"class":487},[65,152642,20749],{"class":75},[65,152644,12698],{"class":71},[65,152646,5963],{"class":79},[65,152648,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152650,7644],{"class":163},[65,152652,151],{"class":79},[65,152654,17077],{"class":147},[65,152656,144],{"class":79},[65,152658,35425],{"class":147},[65,152660,151],{"class":79},[65,152662,488],{"class":487},[65,152664,537],{"class":491},[65,152666,488],{"class":487},[65,152668,1028],{"class":79},[65,152670,152671,152673],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,152672,27009],{"class":3444},[65,152674,5963],{"class":79},[65,152676,152677,152679,152681,152683,152686,152688],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,152678,7644],{"class":163},[65,152680,151],{"class":79},[65,152682,488],{"class":487},[65,152684,152685],{"class":491},"Value not found",[65,152687,488],{"class":487},[65,152689,157],{"class":79},[20,152691,350],{},[56,152693,152695],{"className":58,"code":152694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Value not found\n",[15,152696,152697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152698,152699,152702,152704],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152700,152701],{"class":71},"Value ",[65,152703,45],{"class":75},[65,152705,65413],{"class":71},[20,152707,152708,152709,144],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[210,152710,65423],{"href":65422},[51,152712,7994,152713,634,152715],{"id":64990},[15,152714,35652],{},[15,152716,52246],{},[20,152718,1545,152719,634,152721,152723],{},[15,152720,35652],{},[15,152722,52246],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152725,152726],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152728,267],{},[56,152730,152732],{"className":58,"code":152731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152733,152734,152762,152766,152787,152811],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152735,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152737,3389],{"class":71},[65,152739,76],{"class":75},[65,152741,8815],{"class":79},[65,152743,1705],{"class":83},[65,152745,87],{"class":79},[65,152747,5574],{"class":83},[65,152749,87],{"class":79},[65,152751,121],{"class":83},[65,152753,87],{"class":79},[65,152755,7364],{"class":83},[65,152757,87],{"class":79},[65,152759,121],{"class":83},[65,152761,157],{"class":79},[65,152763,152764],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152765,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,152767,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152769,164],{"class":163},[65,152771,151],{"class":79},[65,152773,4928],{"class":147},[65,152775,144],{"class":79},[65,152777,35425],{"class":147},[65,152779,151],{"class":79},[65,152781,1705],{"class":83},[65,152783,758],{"class":79},[65,152785,152786],{"class":175},"        # 0\n",[65,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152790,164],{"class":163},[65,152792,151],{"class":79},[65,152794,4928],{"class":147},[65,152796,144],{"class":79},[65,152798,35425],{"class":147},[65,152800,151],{"class":79},[65,152802,1705],{"class":83},[65,152804,87],{"class":79},[65,152806,5066],{"class":83},[65,152808,758],{"class":79},[65,152810,50537],{"class":175},[65,152812,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,152814,164],{"class":163},[65,152816,151],{"class":79},[65,152818,4928],{"class":147},[65,152820,144],{"class":79},[65,152822,35425],{"class":147},[65,152824,151],{"class":79},[65,152826,1705],{"class":83},[65,152828,87],{"class":79},[65,152830,95],{"class":83},[65,152832,87],{"class":79},[65,152834,121],{"class":83},[65,152836,758],{"class":79},[65,152838,50520],{"class":175},[1286,152840,152842],{"id":152841},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,152844,152845,152850,152855],{},[36,152846,152847,152849],{},[15,152848,35652],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,152851,152852,152854],{},[15,152853,52246],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,152856,1545,152857,152859],{},[15,152858,52246],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152861,267],{},[56,152863,152865],{"className":58,"code":152864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152866,152867,152895,152899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152868,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152870,3389],{"class":71},[65,152872,76],{"class":75},[65,152874,8815],{"class":79},[65,152876,1705],{"class":83},[65,152878,87],{"class":79},[65,152880,5574],{"class":83},[65,152882,87],{"class":79},[65,152884,121],{"class":83},[65,152886,87],{"class":79},[65,152888,7364],{"class":83},[65,152890,87],{"class":79},[65,152892,121],{"class":83},[65,152894,157],{"class":79},[65,152896,152897],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,152898,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,152900,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,152902,164],{"class":163},[65,152904,151],{"class":79},[65,152906,4928],{"class":147},[65,152908,144],{"class":79},[65,152910,35425],{"class":147},[65,152912,151],{"class":79},[65,152914,1705],{"class":83},[65,152916,87],{"class":79},[65,152918,5066],{"class":83},[65,152920,87],{"class":79},[65,152922,116],{"class":83},[65,152924,1028],{"class":79},[20,152926,350],{},[56,152928,152929],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152930,152931],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152932,152933],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152934,16632],{"class":83},[20,152936,152937,152938,1491,152940,1494,152942,152944,152945,144],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152939,84],{},[15,152941,1624],{},[15,152943,111],{},", but not ",[15,152946,2072],{},[51,152948,152950],{"id":152949},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152952,152953,152954,191],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152955,148620],{},[33,152957,152958,152966,152971,152978],{},[36,152959,152960,152961,152963,152964],{},"Do not confuse the ",[43,152962,2040],{}," with the ",[43,152965,35425],{},[36,152967,152968,152969],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152970,1688],{},[36,152972,1660,152973,152977],{},[210,152974,148646,152975,1474],{"href":148698},[15,152976,56875],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,152979,152980,152981,152983],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152982,152510],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152985,152986],{},"Example of value vs index:",[56,152988,152990],{"className":58,"code":152989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152991,152992,153024,153028,153052],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152993,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152995,35819],{"class":71},[65,152997,76],{"class":75},[65,152999,8815],{"class":79},[65,153001,488],{"class":487},[65,153003,3648],{"class":491},[65,153005,488],{"class":487},[65,153007,87],{"class":79},[65,153009,499],{"class":487},[65,153011,3657],{"class":491},[65,153013,488],{"class":487},[65,153015,87],{"class":79},[65,153017,499],{"class":487},[65,153019,32797],{"class":491},[65,153021,488],{"class":487},[65,153023,157],{"class":79},[65,153025,153026],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153027,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153029,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153031,164],{"class":163},[65,153033,151],{"class":79},[65,153035,35871],{"class":147},[65,153037,144],{"class":79},[65,153039,35425],{"class":147},[65,153041,151],{"class":79},[65,153043,488],{"class":487},[65,153045,3657],{"class":491},[65,153047,488],{"class":487},[65,153049,758],{"class":79},[65,153051,27355],{"class":175},[65,153053,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153055,164],{"class":163},[65,153057,151],{"class":79},[65,153059,35871],{"class":147},[65,153061,3469],{"class":79},[65,153063,84],{"class":83},[65,153065,20021],{"class":79},[65,153067,153068],{"class":175},"               # banana\n",[20,153070,1747],{},[33,153072,153073,153077],{},[36,153074,153075,14822],{},[15,153076,64859],{},[36,153078,153079,153081],{},[15,153080,84],{}," is the index",[51,153083,2396],{"id":2395},[20,153085,105680,153086,191],{},[15,153087,148620],{},[33,153089,153090,153093,153098,153103,153110],{},[36,153091,153092],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,153094,8030,153095,153097],{},[15,153096,58552],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,153099,153100,153101],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153102,1688],{},[36,153104,153105,153106,634,153108],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153107,35652],{},[15,153109,52246],{},[36,153111,36784,153112,153114],{},[15,153113,148620],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1286,153116,60295],{"id":60294},[20,153118,93961],{},[56,153120,153122],{"className":58,"code":153121,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153123,153124,153134,153148,153163,153181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153125,153126,153128,153130,153132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153127,164],{"class":163},[65,153129,151],{"class":79},[65,153131,147433],{"class":147},[65,153133,157],{"class":79},[65,153135,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153137,164],{"class":163},[65,153139,151],{"class":79},[65,153141,10737],{"class":163},[65,153143,151],{"class":79},[65,153145,147433],{"class":147},[65,153147,1028],{"class":79},[65,153149,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153161],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153151,164],{"class":163},[65,153153,151],{"class":79},[65,153155,2015],{"class":147},[65,153157,3451],{"class":3444},[65,153159,153160],{"class":147}," my_tuple",[65,153162,157],{"class":79},[65,153164,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153166,164],{"class":163},[65,153168,151],{"class":79},[65,153170,147433],{"class":147},[65,153172,144],{"class":79},[65,153174,40842],{"class":147},[65,153176,151],{"class":79},[65,153178,2040],{"class":147},[65,153180,1028],{"class":79},[65,153182,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153184,164],{"class":163},[65,153186,151],{"class":79},[65,153188,147433],{"class":147},[65,153190,144],{"class":79},[65,153192,35425],{"class":147},[65,153194,151],{"class":79},[65,153196,2040],{"class":147},[65,153198,1028],{"class":79},[20,153200,153201,153202,83978,153204,153206],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153203,40286],{},[15,153205,2040],{}," is missing.",[20,153208,129050],{},[56,153210,153212],{"className":58,"code":153211,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153213,153214,153226,153244,153250],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153215,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153217,6569],{"class":3444},[65,153219,21159],{"class":71},[65,153221,3451],{"class":75},[65,153223,153160],{"class":71},[65,153225,5963],{"class":79},[65,153227,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153229,7644],{"class":163},[65,153231,151],{"class":79},[65,153233,147433],{"class":147},[65,153235,144],{"class":79},[65,153237,35425],{"class":147},[65,153239,151],{"class":79},[65,153241,2040],{"class":147},[65,153243,1028],{"class":79},[65,153245,153246,153248],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153247,27009],{"class":3444},[65,153249,5963],{"class":79},[65,153251,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153253,7644],{"class":163},[65,153255,151],{"class":79},[65,153257,488],{"class":487},[65,153259,152685],{"class":491},[65,153261,488],{"class":487},[65,153263,157],{"class":79},[51,153265,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,153267,4711,153269,12291],{"id":153268},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153270,148620],{},[20,153272,153273],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1286,153275,153277],{"id":153276},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153279,153280,152147],{},[15,153281,148620],{},[1286,153283,148599],{"id":148598},[20,153285,76442,153286,144],{},[15,153287,40286],{},[1286,153289,153291],{"id":153290},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153293,153294,153295,634,153297,153299],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153296,35652],{},[15,153298,52246],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1286,153301,14478,153303,56791,153305,1304],{"id":153302},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153304,148620],{},[15,153306,64450],{},[20,153308,153309],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[51,153311,1455],{"id":1454},[33,153313,153314,153320,153324,153329,153333],{},[36,153315,153316],{},[210,153317,148646,153318,1474],{"href":148698},[15,153319,56875],{},[36,153321,153322],{},[210,153323,149088],{"href":152514},[36,153325,153326],{},[210,153327,153328],{"href":150394},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,153330,153331],{},[210,153332,65423],{"href":65422},[36,153334,153335],{},[210,153336,150342],{"href":152152},[1499,153338,153339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":153341},[153342,153343,153345,153348,153349,153350,153351,153354,153355,153358,153367],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":152059,"depth":101,"text":153344},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222,"children":153346},[153347],{"id":16969,"depth":126,"text":16970},{"id":102942,"depth":101,"text":102943},{"id":152489,"depth":101,"text":152490},{"id":65213,"depth":101,"text":65214},{"id":64990,"depth":101,"text":65773,"children":153352},[153353],{"id":152841,"depth":126,"text":152842},{"id":152949,"depth":101,"text":152950},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396,"children":153356},[153357],{"id":60294,"depth":126,"text":60295},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":153359},[153360,153362,153363,153364,153365],{"id":153268,"depth":126,"text":153361},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153276,"depth":126,"text":153277},{"id":148598,"depth":126,"text":148599},{"id":153290,"depth":126,"text":153291},{"id":153302,"depth":126,"text":153366},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151954,"description":153368},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153375,"title":153376,"body":153377,"description":154772,"extension":1528,"meta":154773,"navigation":129,"path":152514,"seo":154774,"stem":154775,"__hash__":154776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153378,"toc":154754},[153379,153382,153385,153388,153402,153404,153407,153501,153511,153517,153521,153524,153527,153529,153547,153549,153620,153622,153639,153643,153647,153650,153667,153670,153685,153687,153778,153781,153785,153788,153805,153807,153902,153905,153908,153912,153915,154009,154011,154030,154033,154037,154040,154042,154097,154099,154134,154137,154151,154159,154252,154261,154265,154268,154275,154278,154325,154327,154335,154338,154389,154391,154408,154413,154417,154420,154423,154425,154476,154479,154534,154537,154540,154542,154545,154565,154567,154640,154643,154656,154658,154662,154667,154671,154676,154693,154697,154700,154717,154721,154724,154726,154751],[10,153380,153376],{"id":153381},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153383,153384],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153386,153387],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,153389,153390,153393,153396,153399],{},[36,153391,153392],{},"positive indexes",[36,153394,153395],{},"negative indexes",[36,153397,153398],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,153400,153401],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[51,153403,54],{"id":53},[20,153405,153406],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[56,153408,153410],{"className":58,"code":153409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153411,153412,153444,153448,153465,153482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153413,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153415,12652],{"class":71},[65,153417,76],{"class":75},[65,153419,8815],{"class":79},[65,153421,488],{"class":487},[65,153423,492],{"class":491},[65,153425,488],{"class":487},[65,153427,87],{"class":79},[65,153429,499],{"class":487},[65,153431,511],{"class":491},[65,153433,488],{"class":487},[65,153435,87],{"class":79},[65,153437,499],{"class":487},[65,153439,502],{"class":491},[65,153441,488],{"class":487},[65,153443,157],{"class":79},[65,153445,153446],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153447,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153449,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153451,164],{"class":163},[65,153453,151],{"class":79},[65,153455,17077],{"class":147},[65,153457,3469],{"class":79},[65,153459,1688],{"class":83},[65,153461,20021],{"class":79},[65,153463,153464],{"class":175},"   # red\n",[65,153466,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153468,164],{"class":163},[65,153470,151],{"class":79},[65,153472,17077],{"class":147},[65,153474,3469],{"class":79},[65,153476,84],{"class":83},[65,153478,20021],{"class":79},[65,153480,153481],{"class":175},"   # green\n",[65,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153485,164],{"class":163},[65,153487,151],{"class":79},[65,153489,17077],{"class":147},[65,153491,3469],{"class":79},[65,153493,1589],{"class":75},[65,153495,84],{"class":83},[65,153497,20021],{"class":79},[65,153499,153500],{"class":175},"  # blue\n",[33,153502,153503,153508],{},[36,153504,131839,153505,153507],{},[15,153506,1688],{}," is the first item.",[36,153509,153510],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153512,153513,153514,144],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[210,153515,153516],{"href":147418},"how to create a tuple in Python",[51,153518,153520],{"id":153519},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153522,153523],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153525,153526],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153528,11034],{},[33,153530,153531,153534,153541,153544],{},[36,153532,153533],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,153535,153536,153537,18538,153539],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153538,1688],{},[15,153540,84],{},[36,153542,153543],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,153545,153546],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153548,267],{},[56,153550,153552],{"className":58,"code":153551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153553,153554,153574,153578,153592,153606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153555,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153557,3185],{"class":71},[65,153559,76],{"class":75},[65,153561,8815],{"class":79},[65,153563,1898],{"class":83},[65,153565,87],{"class":79},[65,153567,7364],{"class":83},[65,153569,87],{"class":79},[65,153571,7369],{"class":83},[65,153573,157],{"class":79},[65,153575,153576],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153577,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153579,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153581,164],{"class":163},[65,153583,151],{"class":79},[65,153585,3215],{"class":147},[65,153587,3469],{"class":79},[65,153589,1688],{"class":83},[65,153591,3457],{"class":79},[65,153593,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153595,164],{"class":163},[65,153597,151],{"class":79},[65,153599,3215],{"class":147},[65,153601,3469],{"class":79},[65,153603,84],{"class":83},[65,153605,3457],{"class":79},[65,153607,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153609,164],{"class":163},[65,153611,151],{"class":79},[65,153613,3215],{"class":147},[65,153615,3469],{"class":79},[65,153617,1624],{"class":83},[65,153619,3457],{"class":79},[20,153621,350],{},[56,153623,153625],{"className":58,"code":153624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153626,153627,153631,153635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153628,153629],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153630,1944],{"class":83},[65,153632,153633],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153634,70808],{"class":83},[65,153636,153637],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153638,69424],{"class":83},[20,153640,58977,153641,144],{},[210,153642,147415],{"href":147414},[51,153644,153646],{"id":153645},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153648,153649],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,153651,153652,153657,153662],{},[36,153653,153654,153656],{},[15,153655,1688],{}," = first item",[36,153658,153659,153661],{},[15,153660,84],{}," = second item",[36,153663,153664,153666],{},[15,153665,1624],{}," = third item",[20,153668,153669],{},"Pattern:",[56,153671,153673],{"className":58,"code":153672,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153674,153675],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153676,153677,153679,153681,153683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153678,152170],{"class":71},[65,153680,3469],{"class":79},[65,153682,35425],{"class":71},[65,153684,1352],{"class":79},[20,153686,267],{},[56,153688,153690],{"className":58,"code":153689,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153691,153692,153724,153728,153745,153761],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153693,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153695,35819],{"class":71},[65,153697,76],{"class":75},[65,153699,8815],{"class":79},[65,153701,488],{"class":487},[65,153703,3648],{"class":491},[65,153705,488],{"class":487},[65,153707,87],{"class":79},[65,153709,499],{"class":487},[65,153711,3657],{"class":491},[65,153713,488],{"class":487},[65,153715,87],{"class":79},[65,153717,499],{"class":487},[65,153719,3666],{"class":491},[65,153721,488],{"class":487},[65,153723,157],{"class":79},[65,153725,153726],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153727,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153729,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153731,164],{"class":163},[65,153733,151],{"class":79},[65,153735,35871],{"class":147},[65,153737,3469],{"class":79},[65,153739,1688],{"class":83},[65,153741,20021],{"class":79},[65,153743,153744],{"class":175},"  # apple\n",[65,153746,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153748,164],{"class":163},[65,153750,151],{"class":79},[65,153752,35871],{"class":147},[65,153754,3469],{"class":79},[65,153756,84],{"class":83},[65,153758,20021],{"class":79},[65,153760,51071],{"class":175},[65,153762,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153764,164],{"class":163},[65,153766,151],{"class":79},[65,153768,35871],{"class":147},[65,153770,3469],{"class":79},[65,153772,1624],{"class":83},[65,153774,20021],{"class":79},[65,153776,153777],{"class":175},"  # cherry\n",[20,153779,153780],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[51,153782,153784],{"id":153783},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153786,153787],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,153789,153790,153795,153800],{},[36,153791,153792,153794],{},[15,153793,65438],{}," = last item",[36,153796,153797,153799],{},[15,153798,94991],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,153801,153802,153804],{},[15,153803,47255],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153806,267],{},[56,153808,153810],{"className":58,"code":153809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153811,153812,153844,153848,153866,153884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153813,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153815,35819],{"class":71},[65,153817,76],{"class":75},[65,153819,8815],{"class":79},[65,153821,488],{"class":487},[65,153823,3648],{"class":491},[65,153825,488],{"class":487},[65,153827,87],{"class":79},[65,153829,499],{"class":487},[65,153831,3657],{"class":491},[65,153833,488],{"class":487},[65,153835,87],{"class":79},[65,153837,499],{"class":487},[65,153839,3666],{"class":491},[65,153841,488],{"class":487},[65,153843,157],{"class":79},[65,153845,153846],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153847,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153851,164],{"class":163},[65,153853,151],{"class":79},[65,153855,35871],{"class":147},[65,153857,3469],{"class":79},[65,153859,1589],{"class":75},[65,153861,84],{"class":83},[65,153863,20021],{"class":79},[65,153865,153777],{"class":175},[65,153867,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153869,164],{"class":163},[65,153871,151],{"class":79},[65,153873,35871],{"class":147},[65,153875,3469],{"class":79},[65,153877,1589],{"class":75},[65,153879,1624],{"class":83},[65,153881,20021],{"class":79},[65,153883,51071],{"class":175},[65,153885,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153887,164],{"class":163},[65,153889,151],{"class":79},[65,153891,35871],{"class":147},[65,153893,3469],{"class":79},[65,153895,1589],{"class":75},[65,153897,111],{"class":83},[65,153899,20021],{"class":79},[65,153901,153744],{"class":175},[20,153903,153904],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153906,153907],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[51,153909,153911],{"id":153910},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153913,153914],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[56,153916,153918],{"className":58,"code":153917,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153919,153920,153952,153956,153973,153990],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153921,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153923,4563],{"class":71},[65,153925,76],{"class":75},[65,153927,8815],{"class":79},[65,153929,488],{"class":487},[65,153931,12456],{"class":491},[65,153933,488],{"class":487},[65,153935,87],{"class":79},[65,153937,499],{"class":487},[65,153939,35520],{"class":491},[65,153941,488],{"class":487},[65,153943,87],{"class":79},[65,153945,499],{"class":487},[65,153947,35529],{"class":491},[65,153949,488],{"class":487},[65,153951,157],{"class":79},[65,153953,153954],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,153955,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,153957,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,153959,164],{"class":163},[65,153961,151],{"class":79},[65,153963,4607],{"class":147},[65,153965,3469],{"class":79},[65,153967,1688],{"class":83},[65,153969,20021],{"class":79},[65,153971,153972],{"class":175},"   # first item\n",[65,153974,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153976,164],{"class":163},[65,153978,151],{"class":79},[65,153980,4607],{"class":147},[65,153982,3469],{"class":79},[65,153984,84],{"class":83},[65,153986,20021],{"class":79},[65,153988,153989],{"class":175},"   # middle item\n",[65,153991,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,153993,164],{"class":163},[65,153995,151],{"class":79},[65,153997,4607],{"class":147},[65,153999,3469],{"class":79},[65,154001,1589],{"class":75},[65,154003,84],{"class":83},[65,154005,20021],{"class":79},[65,154007,154008],{"class":175},"  # last item\n",[20,154010,350],{},[56,154012,154014],{"className":58,"code":154013,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154015,154016,154020,154025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154017,154018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154019,49625],{"class":71},[65,154021,154022],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154023,154024],{"class":71},"Ben\n",[65,154026,154027],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154028,154029],{"class":71},"Cara\n",[20,154031,154032],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[51,154034,154036],{"id":154035},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154038,154039],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154041,267],{},[56,154043,154045],{"className":58,"code":154044,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154046,154047,154079,154083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154048,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154050,35670],{"class":71},[65,154052,76],{"class":75},[65,154054,8815],{"class":79},[65,154056,488],{"class":487},[65,154058,210],{"class":491},[65,154060,488],{"class":487},[65,154062,87],{"class":79},[65,154064,499],{"class":487},[65,154066,154],{"class":491},[65,154068,488],{"class":487},[65,154070,87],{"class":79},[65,154072,499],{"class":487},[65,154074,9317],{"class":491},[65,154076,488],{"class":487},[65,154078,157],{"class":79},[65,154080,154081],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154082,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154084,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154086,164],{"class":163},[65,154088,151],{"class":79},[65,154090,35723],{"class":147},[65,154092,3469],{"class":79},[65,154094,1705],{"class":83},[65,154096,3457],{"class":79},[20,154098,350],{},[56,154100,154102],{"className":58,"code":154101,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154103,154104,154116,154121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154105,154106,154109,154111,154114],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154107,154108],{"class":147},"Traceback ",[65,154110,151],{"class":79},[65,154112,154113],{"class":147},"most recent call last",[65,154115,7918],{"class":79},[65,154117,154118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154119,154120],{"class":34030},"  ...\n",[65,154122,154123,154125,154127,154129,154132],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154124,70315],{"class":1259},[65,154126,191],{"class":79},[65,154128,148781],{"class":1259},[65,154130,154131],{"class":71}," index out of ",[65,154133,70507],{"class":163},[20,154135,154136],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,154138,154139,154143,154147],{},[36,154140,154141],{},[15,154142,1688],{},[36,154144,154145],{},[15,154146,84],{},[36,154148,154149],{},[15,154150,1624],{},[20,154152,154153,154154,144],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[210,154155,154156,154158],{"href":148653},[15,154157,41944],{}," on a tuple",[56,154160,154162],{"className":58,"code":154161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154163,154164,154196,154200,154216,154220,154238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154165,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154167,35670],{"class":71},[65,154169,76],{"class":75},[65,154171,8815],{"class":79},[65,154173,488],{"class":487},[65,154175,210],{"class":491},[65,154177,488],{"class":487},[65,154179,87],{"class":79},[65,154181,499],{"class":487},[65,154183,154],{"class":491},[65,154185,488],{"class":487},[65,154187,87],{"class":79},[65,154189,499],{"class":487},[65,154191,9317],{"class":491},[65,154193,488],{"class":487},[65,154195,157],{"class":79},[65,154197,154198],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154199,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154203,164],{"class":163},[65,154205,151],{"class":79},[65,154207,10737],{"class":163},[65,154209,151],{"class":79},[65,154211,35723],{"class":147},[65,154213,758],{"class":79},[65,154215,50355],{"class":175},[65,154217,154218],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154219,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154221,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,154223,6569],{"class":3444},[65,154225,37967],{"class":163},[65,154227,151],{"class":79},[65,154229,35723],{"class":147},[65,154231,172],{"class":79},[65,154233,37977],{"class":75},[65,154235,90],{"class":83},[65,154237,5963],{"class":79},[65,154239,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,154241,7644],{"class":163},[65,154243,151],{"class":79},[65,154245,35723],{"class":147},[65,154247,3469],{"class":79},[65,154249,1624],{"class":83},[65,154251,3457],{"class":79},[20,154253,154254,154255,144],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[210,154256,25255,154258],{"href":154257},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154259,154260],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[51,154262,154264],{"id":154263},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154266,154267],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,154269,154270,154272],{},[36,154271,76459],{},[36,154273,154274],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154276,154277],{},"Indexing example:",[56,154279,154281],{"className":58,"code":154280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154282,154283,154307,154311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154284,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154286,3185],{"class":71},[65,154288,76],{"class":75},[65,154290,8815],{"class":79},[65,154292,1898],{"class":83},[65,154294,87],{"class":79},[65,154296,7364],{"class":83},[65,154298,87],{"class":79},[65,154300,7369],{"class":83},[65,154302,87],{"class":79},[65,154304,50428],{"class":83},[65,154306,157],{"class":79},[65,154308,154309],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154310,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154314,164],{"class":163},[65,154316,151],{"class":79},[65,154318,3215],{"class":147},[65,154320,3469],{"class":79},[65,154322,84],{"class":83},[65,154324,3457],{"class":79},[20,154326,350],{},[56,154328,154329],{"className":58,"code":70808,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,154330,154331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154332,154333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154334,70808],{"class":83},[20,154336,154337],{},"Slicing example:",[56,154339,154341],{"className":58,"code":154340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154342,154343,154367,154371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154344,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154346,3185],{"class":71},[65,154348,76],{"class":75},[65,154350,8815],{"class":79},[65,154352,1898],{"class":83},[65,154354,87],{"class":79},[65,154356,7364],{"class":83},[65,154358,87],{"class":79},[65,154360,7369],{"class":83},[65,154362,87],{"class":79},[65,154364,50428],{"class":83},[65,154366,157],{"class":79},[65,154368,154369],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154370,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154372,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154374,164],{"class":163},[65,154376,151],{"class":79},[65,154378,3215],{"class":147},[65,154380,3469],{"class":79},[65,154382,84],{"class":83},[65,154384,191],{"class":79},[65,154386,111],{"class":83},[65,154388,3457],{"class":79},[20,154390,350],{},[56,154392,154394],{"className":58,"code":154393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154395,154396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154397,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154399,151],{"class":79},[65,154401,15329],{"class":83},[65,154403,87],{"class":79},[65,154405,7369],{"class":83},[65,154407,157],{"class":79},[20,154409,154410,154411,144],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[210,154412,150332],{"href":150331},[51,154414,154416],{"id":154415},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154418,154419],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154421,154422],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154424,6259],{},[56,154426,154428],{"className":58,"code":154427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154429,154430,154462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154431,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154433,12652],{"class":71},[65,154435,76],{"class":75},[65,154437,8815],{"class":79},[65,154439,488],{"class":487},[65,154441,492],{"class":491},[65,154443,488],{"class":487},[65,154445,87],{"class":79},[65,154447,499],{"class":487},[65,154449,511],{"class":491},[65,154451,488],{"class":487},[65,154453,87],{"class":79},[65,154455,499],{"class":487},[65,154457,502],{"class":491},[65,154459,488],{"class":487},[65,154461,157],{"class":79},[65,154463,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154465,164],{"class":163},[65,154467,151],{"class":79},[65,154469,17077],{"class":147},[65,154471,3469],{"class":79},[65,154473,84],{"class":83},[65,154475,3457],{"class":79},[20,154477,154478],{},"But this does not work:",[56,154480,154482],{"className":58,"code":154481,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154483,154484,154516],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154487,12652],{"class":71},[65,154489,76],{"class":75},[65,154491,8815],{"class":79},[65,154493,488],{"class":487},[65,154495,492],{"class":491},[65,154497,488],{"class":487},[65,154499,87],{"class":79},[65,154501,499],{"class":487},[65,154503,511],{"class":491},[65,154505,488],{"class":487},[65,154507,87],{"class":79},[65,154509,499],{"class":487},[65,154511,502],{"class":491},[65,154513,488],{"class":487},[65,154515,157],{"class":79},[65,154517,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154519,17077],{"class":71},[65,154521,3469],{"class":79},[65,154523,84],{"class":83},[65,154525,12848],{"class":79},[65,154527,12851],{"class":75},[65,154529,499],{"class":487},[65,154531,537],{"class":491},[65,154533,2925],{"class":487},[20,154535,154536],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154538,154539],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[51,154541,2396],{"id":2395},[20,154543,154544],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,154546,154547,154553,154556,154559],{},[36,154548,132143,154549,10667,154551],{},[15,154550,84],{},[15,154552,1688],{},[36,154554,154555],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,154557,154558],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,154560,154561,154562],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154563,154564],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154566,1193],{},[56,154568,154570],{"className":58,"code":154569,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154571,154572,154582,154596,154610,154626],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154573,154574,154576,154578,154580],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154575,164],{"class":163},[65,154577,151],{"class":79},[65,154579,147433],{"class":147},[65,154581,157],{"class":79},[65,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154585,164],{"class":163},[65,154587,151],{"class":79},[65,154589,10737],{"class":163},[65,154591,151],{"class":79},[65,154593,147433],{"class":147},[65,154595,1028],{"class":79},[65,154597,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154599,164],{"class":163},[65,154601,151],{"class":79},[65,154603,147433],{"class":147},[65,154605,3469],{"class":79},[65,154607,1688],{"class":83},[65,154609,3457],{"class":79},[65,154611,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154613,164],{"class":163},[65,154615,151],{"class":79},[65,154617,147433],{"class":147},[65,154619,3469],{"class":79},[65,154621,1589],{"class":75},[65,154623,84],{"class":83},[65,154625,3457],{"class":79},[65,154627,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,154629,164],{"class":163},[65,154631,151],{"class":79},[65,154633,1260],{"class":1259},[65,154635,151],{"class":79},[65,154637,147433],{"class":147},[65,154639,1028],{"class":79},[20,154641,154642],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,154644,154645,154648,154650,154653],{},[36,154646,154647],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,154649,60369],{},[36,154651,154652],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,154654,154655],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[51,154657,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,154659,154661],{"id":154660},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154663,154664,154665,144],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154666,1688],{},[1286,154668,154670],{"id":154669},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154672,1660,154673,154675],{},[15,154674,65438],{}," as the index:",[56,154677,154679],{"className":58,"code":154678,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154680,154681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154682,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154684,147433],{"class":71},[65,154686,3469],{"class":79},[65,154688,1589],{"class":75},[65,154690,84],{"class":83},[65,154692,1352],{"class":79},[1286,154694,154696],{"id":154695},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154698,154699],{},"Python raises:",[56,154701,154703],{"className":58,"code":154702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154704,154705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154706,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154708,70315],{"class":1259},[65,154710,191],{"class":79},[65,154712,148781],{"class":1259},[65,154714,154131],{"class":71},[65,154716,70507],{"class":163},[1286,154718,154720],{"id":154719},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154722,154723],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[51,154725,1455],{"id":1454},[33,154727,154728,154733,154737,154741,154747],{},[36,154729,154730],{},[210,154731,154732],{"href":147418},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,154734,154735],{},[210,154736,150332],{"href":150331},[36,154738,154739],{},[210,154740,150337],{"href":148653},[36,154742,154743],{},[210,154744,25698,154745],{"href":154257},[15,154746,154260],{},[36,154748,154749],{},[210,154750,147415],{"href":147414},[1499,154752,154753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":154755},[154756,154757,154758,154759,154760,154761,154762,154763,154764,154765,154771],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":153519,"depth":101,"text":153520},{"id":153645,"depth":101,"text":153646},{"id":153783,"depth":101,"text":153784},{"id":153910,"depth":101,"text":153911},{"id":154035,"depth":101,"text":154036},{"id":154263,"depth":101,"text":154264},{"id":154415,"depth":101,"text":154416},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":154766},[154767,154768,154769,154770],{"id":154660,"depth":126,"text":154661},{"id":154669,"depth":126,"text":154670},{"id":154695,"depth":126,"text":154696},{"id":154719,"depth":126,"text":154720},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153376,"description":154772},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154778,"title":154779,"body":154780,"description":156669,"extension":1528,"meta":156670,"navigation":129,"path":156671,"seo":156672,"stem":156673,"__hash__":156674},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154781,"toc":156626},[154782,154788,154793,154844,154848,154856,154862,154864,154880,154882,154885,154900,154902,154915,154917,154974,154978,154986,154993,154999,155005,155009,155060,155064,155072,155076,155105,155109,155117,155121,155154,155158,155166,155170,155173,155224,155228,155236,155238,155255,155259,155263,155322,155326,155334,155337,155364,155368,155376,155380,155386,155461,155465,155502,155510,155514,155577,155581,155589,155594,155598,155604,155647,155651,155659,155665,155668,155715,155719,155727,155736,155742,155797,155801,155809,155812,155816,155818,155849,155853,155872,155875,155920,155924,155947,155953,155958,155960,156007,156012,156015,156063,156067,156075,156079,156084,156088,156138,156142,156157,156161,156219,156223,156238,156242,156313,156317,156326,156330,156409,156413,156435,156443,156445,156448,156473,156475,156528,156530,156547,156549,156553,156559,156564,156569,156573,156578,156582,156587,156593,156596,156598,156623],[10,154783,154785,154786,172],{"id":154784},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154787,10737],{},[20,154789,1660,154790,154792],{},[15,154791,41944],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[56,154794,154796],{"className":58,"code":154795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154797,154798,154830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154799,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154801,12652],{"class":71},[65,154803,76],{"class":75},[65,154805,8815],{"class":79},[65,154807,488],{"class":487},[65,154809,492],{"class":491},[65,154811,488],{"class":487},[65,154813,87],{"class":79},[65,154815,499],{"class":487},[65,154817,511],{"class":491},[65,154819,488],{"class":487},[65,154821,87],{"class":79},[65,154823,499],{"class":487},[65,154825,502],{"class":491},[65,154827,488],{"class":487},[65,154829,157],{"class":79},[65,154831,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154833,164],{"class":163},[65,154835,151],{"class":79},[65,154837,10737],{"class":163},[65,154839,151],{"class":79},[65,154841,17077],{"class":147},[65,154843,1028],{"class":79},[20,154845,154846],{},[43,154847,350],{},[56,154849,154850],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,154851,154852],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154853,154854],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154855,46201],{"class":83},[20,154857,1660,154858,154861],{},[15,154859,154860],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[51,154863,14738],{"id":14737},[33,154865,154866,154871,154875,154878],{},[36,154867,3768,154868,154870],{},[15,154869,41944],{}," works with tuples",[36,154872,67842,154873,11280],{},[15,154874,41944],{},[36,154876,154877],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,154879,1109],{},[51,154881,222],{"id":221},[20,154883,154884],{},"Use this pattern:",[56,154886,154888],{"className":58,"code":154887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154889,154890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154891,154892,154894,154896,154898],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154893,10737],{"class":163},[65,154895,151],{"class":79},[65,154897,147433],{"class":147},[65,154899,157],{"class":79},[20,154901,11034],{},[33,154903,154904,154907,154910],{},[36,154905,154906],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,154908,154909],{},"The result is an integer",[36,154911,154912,154914],{},[15,154913,41944],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154916,267],{},[56,154918,154920],{"className":58,"code":154919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154921,154922,154946,154960,154964],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154923,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154925,3185],{"class":71},[65,154927,76],{"class":75},[65,154929,8815],{"class":79},[65,154931,1898],{"class":83},[65,154933,87],{"class":79},[65,154935,7364],{"class":83},[65,154937,87],{"class":79},[65,154939,7369],{"class":83},[65,154941,87],{"class":79},[65,154943,50428],{"class":83},[65,154945,157],{"class":79},[65,154947,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,154949,40824],{"class":71},[65,154951,76],{"class":75},[65,154953,37967],{"class":163},[65,154955,151],{"class":79},[65,154957,3215],{"class":147},[65,154959,157],{"class":79},[65,154961,154962],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,154963,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,154965,154966,154968,154970,154972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154967,164],{"class":163},[65,154969,151],{"class":79},[65,154971,40842],{"class":147},[65,154973,157],{"class":79},[20,154975,154976],{},[43,154977,350],{},[56,154979,154980],{"className":58,"code":48235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,154981,154982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154983,154984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154985,48235],{"class":83},[20,154987,154988,154989,144],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[210,154990,3143,154991,3076],{"href":41941},[15,154992,41944],{},[51,154994,183,154996,154998],{"id":154995},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154997,41944],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155000,155001,155002,155004],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155003,41944],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1286,155006,155008],{"id":155007},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[56,155010,155012],{"className":58,"code":155011,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155013,155014,155046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155015,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155017,35819],{"class":71},[65,155019,76],{"class":75},[65,155021,8815],{"class":79},[65,155023,488],{"class":487},[65,155025,3648],{"class":491},[65,155027,488],{"class":487},[65,155029,87],{"class":79},[65,155031,499],{"class":487},[65,155033,3657],{"class":491},[65,155035,488],{"class":487},[65,155037,87],{"class":79},[65,155039,499],{"class":487},[65,155041,32797],{"class":491},[65,155043,488],{"class":487},[65,155045,157],{"class":79},[65,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155049,164],{"class":163},[65,155051,151],{"class":79},[65,155053,10737],{"class":163},[65,155055,151],{"class":79},[65,155057,35871],{"class":147},[65,155059,1028],{"class":79},[20,155061,155062],{},[43,155063,350],{},[56,155065,155066],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155067,155068],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155069,155070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155071,46201],{"class":83},[1286,155073,155075],{"id":155074},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[56,155077,155079],{"className":58,"code":155078,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155080,155081,155090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155082,155083,155086,155088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155084,155085],{"class":71},"empty_tuple ",[65,155087,76],{"class":75},[65,155089,148757],{"class":79},[65,155091,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155103],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155093,164],{"class":163},[65,155095,151],{"class":79},[65,155097,10737],{"class":163},[65,155099,151],{"class":79},[65,155101,155102],{"class":147},"empty_tuple",[65,155104,1028],{"class":79},[20,155106,155107],{},[43,155108,350],{},[56,155110,155111],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155112,155113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155114,155115],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155116,46836],{"class":83},[1286,155118,155120],{"id":155119},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[56,155122,155124],{"className":58,"code":155123,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155125,155126,155139],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155127,155128,155131,155133,155135,155137],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155129,155130],{"class":71},"single_value ",[65,155132,76],{"class":75},[65,155134,8815],{"class":79},[65,155136,1705],{"class":83},[65,155138,148771],{"class":79},[65,155140,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155152],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155142,164],{"class":163},[65,155144,151],{"class":79},[65,155146,10737],{"class":163},[65,155148,151],{"class":79},[65,155150,155151],{"class":147},"single_value",[65,155153,1028],{"class":79},[20,155155,155156],{},[43,155157,350],{},[56,155159,155160],{"className":58,"code":46501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155161,155162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155163,155164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155165,46501],{"class":83},[1286,155167,155169],{"id":155168},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155171,155172],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[56,155174,155176],{"className":58,"code":155175,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155177,155178,155210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155179,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155181,8744],{"class":71},[65,155183,76],{"class":75},[65,155185,8815],{"class":79},[65,155187,84],{"class":83},[65,155189,87],{"class":79},[65,155191,8815],{"class":79},[65,155193,1624],{"class":83},[65,155195,87],{"class":79},[65,155197,95],{"class":83},[65,155199,8812],{"class":79},[65,155201,1339],{"class":79},[65,155203,2072],{"class":83},[65,155205,87],{"class":79},[65,155207,121],{"class":83},[65,155209,3457],{"class":79},[65,155211,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155213,164],{"class":163},[65,155215,151],{"class":79},[65,155217,10737],{"class":163},[65,155219,151],{"class":79},[65,155221,8783],{"class":147},[65,155223,1028],{"class":79},[20,155225,155226],{},[43,155227,350],{},[56,155229,155230],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155231,155232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155233,155234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155235,46201],{"class":83},[20,155237,19532],{},[33,155239,155240,155245,155250],{},[36,155241,155242,155244],{},[15,155243,84],{}," is one item",[36,155246,155247,155244],{},[15,155248,155249],{},"(2, 3)",[36,155251,155252,155244],{},[15,155253,155254],{},"[4, 5]",[51,155256,155258],{"id":155257},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1286,155260,155262],{"id":155261},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[56,155264,155266],{"className":58,"code":155265,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155267,155268,155308],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155269,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155271,12652],{"class":71},[65,155273,76],{"class":75},[65,155275,8815],{"class":79},[65,155277,488],{"class":487},[65,155279,492],{"class":491},[65,155281,488],{"class":487},[65,155283,87],{"class":79},[65,155285,499],{"class":487},[65,155287,511],{"class":491},[65,155289,488],{"class":487},[65,155291,87],{"class":79},[65,155293,499],{"class":487},[65,155295,502],{"class":491},[65,155297,488],{"class":487},[65,155299,87],{"class":79},[65,155301,499],{"class":487},[65,155303,537],{"class":491},[65,155305,488],{"class":487},[65,155307,157],{"class":79},[65,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155311,164],{"class":163},[65,155313,151],{"class":79},[65,155315,10737],{"class":163},[65,155317,151],{"class":79},[65,155319,17077],{"class":147},[65,155321,1028],{"class":79},[20,155323,155324],{},[43,155325,350],{},[56,155327,155328],{"className":58,"code":48235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155329,155330],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155331,155332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155333,48235],{"class":83},[1286,155335,155075],{"id":155336},"empty-tuple-1",[56,155338,155340],{"className":58,"code":155339,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155341,155342,155350],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155343,155344,155346,155348],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155345,7353],{"class":71},[65,155347,76],{"class":75},[65,155349,148757],{"class":79},[65,155351,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155353,164],{"class":163},[65,155355,151],{"class":79},[65,155357,10737],{"class":163},[65,155359,151],{"class":79},[65,155361,7384],{"class":147},[65,155363,1028],{"class":79},[20,155365,155366],{},[43,155367,350],{},[56,155369,155370],{"className":58,"code":46836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155371,155372],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155373,155374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155375,46836],{"class":83},[1286,155377,155379],{"id":155378},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155381,155382,155383,155385],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[43,155384,45],{}," always a tuple.",[56,155387,155389],{"className":58,"code":155388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155390,155391,155403,155415,155419,155433,155447],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155394,72],{"class":71},[65,155396,76],{"class":75},[65,155398,8815],{"class":79},[65,155400,1705],{"class":83},[65,155402,157],{"class":79},[65,155404,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155406,104],{"class":71},[65,155408,76],{"class":75},[65,155410,8815],{"class":79},[65,155412,1705],{"class":83},[65,155414,148771],{"class":79},[65,155416,155417],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,155418,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,155420,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155422,164],{"class":163},[65,155424,151],{"class":79},[65,155426,1260],{"class":1259},[65,155428,151],{"class":79},[65,155430,210],{"class":147},[65,155432,1028],{"class":79},[65,155434,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,155436,164],{"class":163},[65,155438,151],{"class":79},[65,155440,1260],{"class":1259},[65,155442,151],{"class":79},[65,155444,154],{"class":147},[65,155446,1028],{"class":79},[65,155448,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,155450,164],{"class":163},[65,155452,151],{"class":79},[65,155454,10737],{"class":163},[65,155456,151],{"class":79},[65,155458,154],{"class":147},[65,155460,1028],{"class":79},[20,155462,155463],{},[43,155464,350],{},[56,155466,155468],{"className":58,"code":155467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155469,155470,155484,155498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155471,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155473,2857],{"class":75},[65,155475,2860],{"class":1632},[65,155477,603],{"class":487},[65,155479,1757],{"class":491},[65,155481,594],{"class":487},[65,155483,2869],{"class":75},[65,155485,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155487,2857],{"class":75},[65,155489,2860],{"class":1632},[65,155491,603],{"class":487},[65,155493,48538],{"class":491},[65,155495,594],{"class":487},[65,155497,2869],{"class":75},[65,155499,155500],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,155501,46501],{"class":83},[20,155503,155504,155505,634,155508,144],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[210,155506,155507],{"href":147418},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[210,155509,148719],{"href":148718},[1286,155511,155513],{"id":155512},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[56,155515,155517],{"className":58,"code":155516,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155518,155519,155563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155520,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155522,59057],{"class":71},[65,155524,76],{"class":75},[65,155526,8815],{"class":79},[65,155528,488],{"class":487},[65,155530,3648],{"class":491},[65,155532,488],{"class":487},[65,155534,87],{"class":79},[65,155536,1339],{"class":79},[65,155538,84],{"class":83},[65,155540,87],{"class":79},[65,155542,90],{"class":83},[65,155544,17637],{"class":79},[65,155546,8815],{"class":79},[65,155548,488],{"class":487},[65,155550,1742],{"class":491},[65,155552,488],{"class":487},[65,155554,87],{"class":79},[65,155556,499],{"class":487},[65,155558,11320],{"class":491},[65,155560,488],{"class":487},[65,155562,1028],{"class":79},[65,155564,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155566,164],{"class":163},[65,155568,151],{"class":79},[65,155570,10737],{"class":163},[65,155572,151],{"class":79},[65,155574,59110],{"class":147},[65,155576,1028],{"class":79},[20,155578,155579],{},[43,155580,350],{},[56,155582,155583],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155584,155585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155586,155587],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155588,46201],{"class":83},[20,155590,155591,155593],{},[15,155592,41944],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[51,155595,155597],{"id":155596},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1286,155599,155601,155603],{"id":155600},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155602,41944],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[56,155605,155607],{"className":58,"code":155606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155608,155609,155633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155610,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155612,3639],{"class":71},[65,155614,76],{"class":75},[65,155616,8815],{"class":79},[65,155618,488],{"class":487},[65,155620,63180],{"class":491},[65,155622,488],{"class":487},[65,155624,87],{"class":79},[65,155626,499],{"class":487},[65,155628,60],{"class":491},[65,155630,488],{"class":487},[65,155632,157],{"class":79},[65,155634,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155636,164],{"class":163},[65,155638,151],{"class":79},[65,155640,10737],{"class":163},[65,155642,151],{"class":79},[65,155644,3683],{"class":147},[65,155646,1028],{"class":79},[20,155648,155649],{},[43,155650,350],{},[56,155652,155653],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155654,155655],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155656,155657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155658,16632],{"class":83},[20,155660,155661,155662,155664],{},"This result is ",[15,155663,1624],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155666,155667],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[56,155669,155671],{"className":58,"code":155670,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155672,155673,155697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155674,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155676,3639],{"class":71},[65,155678,76],{"class":75},[65,155680,8815],{"class":79},[65,155682,488],{"class":487},[65,155684,63180],{"class":491},[65,155686,488],{"class":487},[65,155688,87],{"class":79},[65,155690,499],{"class":487},[65,155692,60],{"class":491},[65,155694,488],{"class":487},[65,155696,157],{"class":79},[65,155698,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155700,164],{"class":163},[65,155702,151],{"class":79},[65,155704,10737],{"class":163},[65,155706,151],{"class":79},[65,155708,3683],{"class":147},[65,155710,3469],{"class":79},[65,155712,1688],{"class":83},[65,155714,2565],{"class":79},[20,155716,155717],{},[43,155718,350],{},[56,155720,155721],{"className":58,"code":16632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155722,155723],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155724,155725],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155726,16632],{"class":83},[20,155728,20346,155729,155732,155733,144],{},[15,155730,155731],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155734,155735],{},"\"hi\"",[1286,155737,155739,155741],{"id":155738},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155740,41944],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[56,155743,155745],{"className":58,"code":155744,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155746,155747,155783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155748,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155750,3389],{"class":71},[65,155752,76],{"class":75},[65,155754,9572],{"class":79},[65,155756,84],{"class":83},[65,155758,87],{"class":79},[65,155760,90],{"class":83},[65,155762,8812],{"class":79},[65,155764,8815],{"class":79},[65,155766,111],{"class":83},[65,155768,87],{"class":79},[65,155770,116],{"class":83},[65,155772,8812],{"class":79},[65,155774,8815],{"class":79},[65,155776,1705],{"class":83},[65,155778,87],{"class":79},[65,155780,37224],{"class":83},[65,155782,1028],{"class":79},[65,155784,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155786,164],{"class":163},[65,155788,151],{"class":79},[65,155790,10737],{"class":163},[65,155792,151],{"class":79},[65,155794,4928],{"class":147},[65,155796,1028],{"class":79},[20,155798,155799],{},[43,155800,350],{},[56,155802,155803],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155804,155805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155806,155807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155808,46201],{"class":83},[20,155810,155811],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1286,155813,155815],{"id":155814},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155817,25266],{},[56,155819,155821],{"className":58,"code":155820,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155822,155823,155835],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155826,2015],{"class":71},[65,155828,76],{"class":75},[65,155830,8815],{"class":79},[65,155832,1898],{"class":83},[65,155834,157],{"class":79},[65,155836,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155838,164],{"class":163},[65,155840,151],{"class":79},[65,155842,1260],{"class":1259},[65,155844,151],{"class":79},[65,155846,2040],{"class":147},[65,155848,1028],{"class":79},[20,155850,155851],{},[43,155852,350],{},[56,155854,155856],{"className":58,"code":155855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155857,155858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155861,2857],{"class":75},[65,155863,2860],{"class":1632},[65,155865,603],{"class":487},[65,155867,1757],{"class":491},[65,155869,594],{"class":487},[65,155871,2869],{"class":75},[20,155873,155874],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[56,155876,155878],{"className":58,"code":155877,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155879,155880,155892,155906],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155881,155882,155884,155886,155888,155890],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155883,2015],{"class":71},[65,155885,76],{"class":75},[65,155887,8815],{"class":79},[65,155889,1898],{"class":83},[65,155891,148771],{"class":79},[65,155893,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902,155904],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155895,164],{"class":163},[65,155897,151],{"class":79},[65,155899,1260],{"class":1259},[65,155901,151],{"class":79},[65,155903,2040],{"class":147},[65,155905,1028],{"class":79},[65,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,155909,164],{"class":163},[65,155911,151],{"class":79},[65,155913,10737],{"class":163},[65,155915,151],{"class":79},[65,155917,2040],{"class":147},[65,155919,1028],{"class":79},[20,155921,155922],{},[43,155923,350],{},[56,155925,155927],{"className":58,"code":155926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155928,155929,155943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155930,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155932,2857],{"class":75},[65,155934,2860],{"class":1632},[65,155936,603],{"class":487},[65,155938,48538],{"class":491},[65,155940,594],{"class":487},[65,155942,2869],{"class":75},[65,155944,155945],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155946,46501],{"class":83},[1286,155948,155950,155952],{"id":155949},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155951,10737],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155954,44013,155955,155957],{},[15,155956,10737],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155959,44044],{},[56,155961,155963],{"className":58,"code":155962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155964,155965,155973,155993],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155966,155967,155969,155971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155968,10737],{"class":163},[65,155970,12851],{"class":75},[65,155972,2153],{"class":83},[65,155974,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,155976,3185],{"class":71},[65,155978,76],{"class":75},[65,155980,8815],{"class":79},[65,155982,84],{"class":83},[65,155984,87],{"class":79},[65,155986,90],{"class":83},[65,155988,87],{"class":79},[65,155990,95],{"class":83},[65,155992,157],{"class":79},[65,155994,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,155996,164],{"class":163},[65,155998,151],{"class":79},[65,156000,10737],{"class":163},[65,156002,151],{"class":79},[65,156004,3215],{"class":147},[65,156006,1028],{"class":79},[20,156008,39235,156009,156011],{},[15,156010,10737],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156013,156014],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[56,156016,156018],{"className":58,"code":156017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156019,156020,156029,156049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156021,156022,156025,156027],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156023,156024],{"class":71},"length_value ",[65,156026,76],{"class":75},[65,156028,2153],{"class":83},[65,156030,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156032,3185],{"class":71},[65,156034,76],{"class":75},[65,156036,8815],{"class":79},[65,156038,84],{"class":83},[65,156040,87],{"class":79},[65,156042,90],{"class":83},[65,156044,87],{"class":79},[65,156046,95],{"class":83},[65,156048,157],{"class":79},[65,156050,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156052,164],{"class":163},[65,156054,151],{"class":79},[65,156056,10737],{"class":163},[65,156058,151],{"class":79},[65,156060,3215],{"class":147},[65,156062,1028],{"class":79},[20,156064,156065],{},[43,156066,350],{},[56,156068,156069],{"className":58,"code":46201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156070,156071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156072,156073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156074,46201],{"class":83},[51,156076,156078],{"id":156077},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156080,156081,156083],{},[15,156082,41944],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1286,156085,156087],{"id":156086},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[56,156089,156091],{"className":58,"code":156090,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156092,156093,156101,156105,156123],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156094,156095,156097,156099],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156096,7353],{"class":71},[65,156098,76],{"class":75},[65,156100,148757],{"class":79},[65,156102,156103],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156104,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156108,6569],{"class":3444},[65,156110,37967],{"class":163},[65,156112,151],{"class":79},[65,156114,7384],{"class":147},[65,156116,172],{"class":79},[65,156118,5978],{"class":75},[65,156120,3400],{"class":83},[65,156122,5963],{"class":79},[65,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156134,156136],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156126,7644],{"class":163},[65,156128,151],{"class":79},[65,156130,488],{"class":487},[65,156132,156133],{"class":491},"The tuple is empty",[65,156135,488],{"class":487},[65,156137,157],{"class":79},[20,156139,156140],{},[43,156141,350],{},[56,156143,156145],{"className":58,"code":156144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156146,156147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156148,156149,156151,156153,156155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156150,1545],{"class":71},[65,156152,48538],{"class":1259},[65,156154,7672],{"class":75},[65,156156,7678],{"class":71},[1286,156158,156160],{"id":156159},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[56,156162,156164],{"className":58,"code":156163,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156165,156166,156182,156186,156204],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156169,50970],{"class":71},[65,156171,76],{"class":75},[65,156173,8815],{"class":79},[65,156175,2072],{"class":83},[65,156177,87],{"class":79},[65,156179,5563],{"class":83},[65,156181,157],{"class":79},[65,156183,156184],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156185,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156187,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156189,6569],{"class":3444},[65,156191,37967],{"class":163},[65,156193,151],{"class":79},[65,156195,50995],{"class":147},[65,156197,172],{"class":79},[65,156199,5978],{"class":75},[65,156201,90],{"class":83},[65,156203,5963],{"class":79},[65,156205,156206,156208,156210,156212,156215,156217],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156207,7644],{"class":163},[65,156209,151],{"class":79},[65,156211,488],{"class":487},[65,156213,156214],{"class":491},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[65,156216,488],{"class":487},[65,156218,157],{"class":79},[20,156220,156221],{},[43,156222,350],{},[56,156224,156226],{"className":58,"code":156225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156227,156228],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156229,156230,156233,156235],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156231,156232],{"class":71},"This looks like an x",[65,156234,87],{"class":79},[65,156236,156237],{"class":71}," y coordinate\n",[1286,156239,156241],{"id":156240},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[56,156243,156245],{"className":58,"code":156244,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156246,156247,156276,156280,156298],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156248,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156272,156274],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156250,11062],{"class":71},[65,156252,76],{"class":75},[65,156254,8815],{"class":79},[65,156256,488],{"class":487},[65,156258,12456],{"class":491},[65,156260,488],{"class":487},[65,156262,87],{"class":79},[65,156264,8884],{"class":83},[65,156266,87],{"class":79},[65,156268,499],{"class":487},[65,156270,156271],{"class":491},"Canada",[65,156273,488],{"class":487},[65,156275,157],{"class":79},[65,156277,156278],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156279,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156283,6569],{"class":3444},[65,156285,37967],{"class":163},[65,156287,151],{"class":79},[65,156289,11156],{"class":147},[65,156291,172],{"class":79},[65,156293,5978],{"class":75},[65,156295,95],{"class":83},[65,156297,5963],{"class":79},[65,156299,156300,156302,156304,156306,156309,156311],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156301,7644],{"class":163},[65,156303,151],{"class":79},[65,156305,488],{"class":487},[65,156307,156308],{"class":491},"User record has the expected number of values",[65,156310,488],{"class":487},[65,156312,157],{"class":79},[20,156314,156315],{},[43,156316,350],{},[56,156318,156320],{"className":58,"code":156319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156321,156322],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156323,156324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156325,156319],{"class":71},[1286,156327,156329],{"id":156328},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[56,156331,156333],{"className":58,"code":156332,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156334,156335,156367,156371,156391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156336,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156338,35670],{"class":71},[65,156340,76],{"class":75},[65,156342,8815],{"class":79},[65,156344,488],{"class":487},[65,156346,210],{"class":491},[65,156348,488],{"class":487},[65,156350,87],{"class":79},[65,156352,499],{"class":487},[65,156354,154],{"class":491},[65,156356,488],{"class":487},[65,156358,87],{"class":79},[65,156360,499],{"class":487},[65,156362,9317],{"class":491},[65,156364,488],{"class":487},[65,156366,157],{"class":79},[65,156368,156369],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156370,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156372,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156374,5527],{"class":3444},[65,156376,69132],{"class":71},[65,156378,3451],{"class":3444},[65,156380,53656],{"class":163},[65,156382,151],{"class":79},[65,156384,10737],{"class":163},[65,156386,151],{"class":79},[65,156388,35723],{"class":147},[65,156390,69147],{"class":79},[65,156392,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156394,7644],{"class":163},[65,156396,151],{"class":79},[65,156398,35734],{"class":147},[65,156400,87],{"class":79},[65,156402,69680],{"class":147},[65,156404,3469],{"class":79},[65,156406,35734],{"class":147},[65,156408,3457],{"class":79},[20,156410,156411],{},[43,156412,350],{},[56,156414,156415],{"className":58,"code":35746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156416,156417,156423,156429],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156418,156419,156421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156420,1688],{"class":83},[65,156422,35755],{"class":71},[65,156424,156425,156427],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156426,84],{"class":83},[65,156428,35762],{"class":71},[65,156430,156431,156433],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156432,1624],{"class":83},[65,156434,35769],{"class":71},[20,156436,156437,156438,156440,156441,144],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[210,156439,149088],{"href":149087},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[210,156442,150332],{"href":150331},[51,156444,2396],{"id":2395},[20,156446,156447],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,156449,156450,156458,156465,156470],{},[36,156451,156452,156453,10667,156456],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156454,156455],{},"(5)",[15,156457,148922],{},[36,156459,7994,156460,156462,156463],{},[15,156461,10737],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156464,41944],{},[36,156466,8030,156467,156469],{},[15,156468,41944],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,156471,156472],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156474,31658],{},[56,156476,156478],{"className":58,"code":156477,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156479,156480,156490,156504,156518],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156483,164],{"class":163},[65,156485,151],{"class":79},[65,156487,147433],{"class":147},[65,156489,157],{"class":79},[65,156491,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156493,164],{"class":163},[65,156495,151],{"class":79},[65,156497,1260],{"class":1259},[65,156499,151],{"class":79},[65,156501,147433],{"class":147},[65,156503,1028],{"class":79},[65,156505,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156507,164],{"class":163},[65,156509,151],{"class":79},[65,156511,10737],{"class":163},[65,156513,151],{"class":79},[65,156515,147433],{"class":147},[65,156517,1028],{"class":79},[65,156519,156520,156522,156524,156526],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156521,31728],{"class":163},[65,156523,151],{"class":79},[65,156525,10737],{"class":163},[65,156527,157],{"class":79},[20,156529,154642],{},[33,156531,156532,156535,156538,156542],{},[36,156533,156534],{},"what value you are using",[36,156536,156537],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,156539,25595,156540,11280],{},[15,156541,41944],{},[36,156543,122806,156544,156546],{},[15,156545,41944],{}," is documented in Python",[51,156548,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,156550,156552],{"id":156551},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156554,1660,156555,156558],{},[15,156556,156557],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1286,156560,1289,156562,148592],{"id":156561},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156563,41944],{},[20,156565,45949,156566,156568],{},[15,156567,41944],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1286,156570,156572],{"id":156571},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156574,156575,156576,144],{},"The length is ",[15,156577,1688],{},[1286,156579,156581],{"id":156580},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156583,150278,156584,156586],{},[15,156585,150281],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1286,156588,1289,156590,156592],{"id":156589},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156591,41944],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156594,156595],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[51,156597,1455],{"id":1454},[33,156599,156600,156606,156610,156614,156618],{},[36,156601,156602],{},[210,156603,3143,156604,3076],{"href":41941},[15,156605,41944],{},[36,156607,156608],{},[210,156609,155507],{"href":147418},[36,156611,156612],{},[210,156613,149088],{"href":149087},[36,156615,156616],{},[210,156617,150332],{"href":150331},[36,156619,156620],{},[210,156621,156622],{"href":148718},"What is a tuple in Python",[1499,156624,156625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":156627},[156628,156629,156630,156637,156643,156652,156658,156659,156668],{"id":14737,"depth":101,"text":14738},{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":154995,"depth":101,"text":156631,"children":156632},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156633,156634,156635,156636],{"id":155007,"depth":126,"text":155008},{"id":155074,"depth":126,"text":155075},{"id":155119,"depth":126,"text":155120},{"id":155168,"depth":126,"text":155169},{"id":155257,"depth":101,"text":155258,"children":156638},[156639,156640,156641,156642],{"id":155261,"depth":126,"text":155262},{"id":155336,"depth":126,"text":155075},{"id":155378,"depth":126,"text":155379},{"id":155512,"depth":126,"text":155513},{"id":155596,"depth":101,"text":155597,"children":156644},[156645,156647,156649,156650],{"id":155600,"depth":126,"text":156646},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155738,"depth":126,"text":156648},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155814,"depth":126,"text":155815},{"id":155949,"depth":126,"text":156651},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156077,"depth":101,"text":156078,"children":156653},[156654,156655,156656,156657],{"id":156086,"depth":126,"text":156087},{"id":156159,"depth":126,"text":156160},{"id":156240,"depth":126,"text":156241},{"id":156328,"depth":126,"text":156329},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":156660},[156661,156662,156664,156665,156666],{"id":156551,"depth":126,"text":156552},{"id":156561,"depth":126,"text":156663},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156571,"depth":126,"text":156572},{"id":156580,"depth":126,"text":156581},{"id":156589,"depth":126,"text":156667},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154779,"description":156669},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156676,"title":156677,"body":156678,"description":159063,"extension":1528,"meta":159064,"navigation":129,"path":159065,"seo":159066,"stem":159067,"__hash__":159068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156679,"toc":159024},[156680,156683,156686,156689,156712,156718,156720,156831,156835,156838,156848,156850,156949,156951,157028,157034,157038,157041,157064,157067,157084,157087,157089,157152,157154,157171,157182,157187,157189,157192,157198,157249,157251,157271,157275,157326,157328,157349,157353,157408,157410,157431,157435,157490,157492,157513,157517,157570,157572,157601,157603,157605,157608,157612,157669,157671,157692,157696,157749,157751,157776,157781,157785,157790,157808,157811,157874,157876,157897,157900,157961,157963,157984,157987,158030,158033,158037,158042,158046,158125,158127,158158,158162,158237,158239,158266,158270,158317,158319,158327,158332,158336,158339,158354,158356,158444,158446,158471,158474,158517,158526,158528,158531,158546,158549,158553,158607,158609,158629,158634,158638,158640,158678,158681,158731,158735,158808,158810,158847,158850,158852,158855,158875,158878,158947,158949,158962,158964,158968,158971,158975,158978,158983,158986,158992,158997,158999,159021],[10,156681,156677],{"id":156682},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156684,156685],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156687,156688],{},"Use this format:",[56,156690,156692],{"className":58,"code":156691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156693,156694],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156697,48538],{"class":71},[65,156699,3469],{"class":79},[65,156701,35652],{"class":71},[65,156703,191],{"class":79},[65,156705,75010],{"class":71},[65,156707,191],{"class":79},[65,156709,75013],{"class":71},[65,156711,1352],{"class":79},[20,156713,1545,156714,75046,156716,144],{},[15,156715,75010],{},[43,156717,64654],{},[51,156719,1570],{"id":1569},[56,156721,156723],{"className":58,"code":156722,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156724,156725,156753,156757,156778,156795,156812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156728,3185],{"class":71},[65,156730,76],{"class":75},[65,156732,8815],{"class":79},[65,156734,1898],{"class":83},[65,156736,87],{"class":79},[65,156738,7364],{"class":83},[65,156740,87],{"class":79},[65,156742,7369],{"class":83},[65,156744,87],{"class":79},[65,156746,50428],{"class":83},[65,156748,87],{"class":79},[65,156750,4649],{"class":83},[65,156752,157],{"class":79},[65,156754,156755],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156756,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156758,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156760,164],{"class":163},[65,156762,151],{"class":79},[65,156764,3215],{"class":147},[65,156766,3469],{"class":79},[65,156768,84],{"class":83},[65,156770,191],{"class":79},[65,156772,2072],{"class":83},[65,156774,20021],{"class":79},[65,156776,156777],{"class":175},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[65,156779,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156781,164],{"class":163},[65,156783,151],{"class":79},[65,156785,3215],{"class":147},[65,156787,75119],{"class":79},[65,156789,111],{"class":83},[65,156791,20021],{"class":79},[65,156793,156794],{"class":175},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[65,156796,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,156798,164],{"class":163},[65,156800,151],{"class":79},[65,156802,3215],{"class":147},[65,156804,73706],{"class":79},[65,156806,1624],{"class":83},[65,156808,20021],{"class":79},[65,156810,156811],{"class":175},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[65,156813,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,156815,164],{"class":163},[65,156817,151],{"class":79},[65,156819,3215],{"class":147},[65,156821,73706],{"class":79},[65,156823,1589],{"class":75},[65,156825,84],{"class":83},[65,156827,20021],{"class":79},[65,156829,156830],{"class":175},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[51,156832,156834],{"id":156833},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156836,156837],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,156839,156840,156842,156845],{},[36,156841,75313],{},[36,156843,156844],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,156846,156847],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156849,267],{},[56,156851,156853],{"className":58,"code":156852,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156854,156855,156903,156907,156925,156929,156939],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156856,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156858,35670],{"class":71},[65,156860,76],{"class":75},[65,156862,8815],{"class":79},[65,156864,488],{"class":487},[65,156866,210],{"class":491},[65,156868,488],{"class":487},[65,156870,87],{"class":79},[65,156872,499],{"class":487},[65,156874,154],{"class":491},[65,156876,488],{"class":487},[65,156878,87],{"class":79},[65,156880,499],{"class":487},[65,156882,9317],{"class":491},[65,156884,488],{"class":487},[65,156886,87],{"class":79},[65,156888,499],{"class":487},[65,156890,18342],{"class":491},[65,156892,488],{"class":487},[65,156894,87],{"class":79},[65,156896,499],{"class":487},[65,156898,60032],{"class":491},[65,156900,488],{"class":487},[65,156902,157],{"class":79},[65,156904,156905],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156906,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156908,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,156910,75243],{"class":71},[65,156912,76],{"class":75},[65,156914,69680],{"class":71},[65,156916,3469],{"class":79},[65,156918,84],{"class":83},[65,156920,191],{"class":79},[65,156922,2072],{"class":83},[65,156924,1352],{"class":79},[65,156926,156927],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156928,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,156930,156931,156933,156935,156937],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,156932,164],{"class":163},[65,156934,151],{"class":79},[65,156936,75266],{"class":147},[65,156938,157],{"class":79},[65,156940,156941,156943,156945,156947],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,156942,164],{"class":163},[65,156944,151],{"class":79},[65,156946,35723],{"class":147},[65,156948,157],{"class":79},[20,156950,350],{},[56,156952,156954],{"className":58,"code":156953,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156955,156956,156984],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156957,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156959,151],{"class":79},[65,156961,594],{"class":487},[65,156963,154],{"class":491},[65,156965,594],{"class":487},[65,156967,87],{"class":79},[65,156969,603],{"class":487},[65,156971,9317],{"class":491},[65,156973,594],{"class":487},[65,156975,87],{"class":79},[65,156977,603],{"class":487},[65,156979,18342],{"class":491},[65,156981,594],{"class":487},[65,156983,157],{"class":79},[65,156985,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,156987,151],{"class":79},[65,156989,594],{"class":487},[65,156991,210],{"class":491},[65,156993,594],{"class":487},[65,156995,87],{"class":79},[65,156997,603],{"class":487},[65,156999,154],{"class":491},[65,157001,594],{"class":487},[65,157003,87],{"class":79},[65,157005,603],{"class":487},[65,157007,9317],{"class":491},[65,157009,594],{"class":487},[65,157011,87],{"class":79},[65,157013,603],{"class":487},[65,157015,18342],{"class":491},[65,157017,594],{"class":487},[65,157019,87],{"class":79},[65,157021,603],{"class":487},[65,157023,60032],{"class":491},[65,157025,594],{"class":487},[65,157027,157],{"class":79},[20,157029,157030,157031,144],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,157032,147415],{"href":157033},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[51,157035,157037],{"id":157036},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157039,157040],{},"The full syntax is:",[56,157042,157044],{"className":58,"code":157043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157045,157046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157049,147433],{"class":71},[65,157051,3469],{"class":79},[65,157053,35652],{"class":71},[65,157055,191],{"class":79},[65,157057,75010],{"class":71},[65,157059,191],{"class":79},[65,157061,75013],{"class":71},[65,157063,1352],{"class":79},[20,157065,157066],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,157068,157069,157074,157079],{},[36,157070,157071,157073],{},[15,157072,35652],{},": where slicing begins",[36,157075,157076,157078],{},[15,157077,75010],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,157080,157081,157083],{},[15,157082,75013],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157085,157086],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157088,267],{},[56,157090,157092],{"className":58,"code":157091,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157093,157094,157126,157130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157095,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157097,3185],{"class":71},[65,157099,76],{"class":75},[65,157101,8815],{"class":79},[65,157103,1898],{"class":83},[65,157105,87],{"class":79},[65,157107,7364],{"class":83},[65,157109,87],{"class":79},[65,157111,7369],{"class":83},[65,157113,87],{"class":79},[65,157115,50428],{"class":83},[65,157117,87],{"class":79},[65,157119,4649],{"class":83},[65,157121,87],{"class":79},[65,157123,75684],{"class":83},[65,157125,157],{"class":79},[65,157127,157128],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157129,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157131,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157133,164],{"class":163},[65,157135,151],{"class":79},[65,157137,3215],{"class":147},[65,157139,3469],{"class":79},[65,157141,84],{"class":83},[65,157143,191],{"class":79},[65,157145,1705],{"class":83},[65,157147,191],{"class":79},[65,157149,1624],{"class":83},[65,157151,3457],{"class":79},[20,157153,350],{},[56,157155,157157],{"className":58,"code":157156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157158,157159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157160,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157162,151],{"class":79},[65,157164,15329],{"class":83},[65,157166,87],{"class":79},[65,157168,50428],{"class":83},[65,157170,157],{"class":79},[20,157172,157173,157174,157176,157177,157179,157180,144],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157175,84],{},", stops before index ",[15,157178,1705],{},", and moves by ",[15,157181,1624],{},[20,157183,157184,157185,144],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[210,157186,149088],{"href":152514},[51,157188,75600],{"id":75599},[20,157190,157191],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1286,157193,157195,157196,5535],{"id":157194},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157197,75614],{},[56,157199,157201],{"className":58,"code":157200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157202,157203,157231,157235],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157204,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157206,3185],{"class":71},[65,157208,76],{"class":75},[65,157210,8815],{"class":79},[65,157212,1898],{"class":83},[65,157214,87],{"class":79},[65,157216,7364],{"class":83},[65,157218,87],{"class":79},[65,157220,7369],{"class":83},[65,157222,87],{"class":79},[65,157224,50428],{"class":83},[65,157226,87],{"class":79},[65,157228,4649],{"class":83},[65,157230,157],{"class":79},[65,157232,157233],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157234,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157236,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157238,164],{"class":163},[65,157240,151],{"class":79},[65,157242,3215],{"class":147},[65,157244,75119],{"class":79},[65,157246,111],{"class":83},[65,157248,3457],{"class":79},[20,157250,350],{},[56,157252,157253],{"className":58,"code":150780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,157254,157255],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157256,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157258,151],{"class":79},[65,157260,1898],{"class":83},[65,157262,87],{"class":79},[65,157264,7364],{"class":83},[65,157266,87],{"class":79},[65,157268,7369],{"class":83},[65,157270,157],{"class":79},[1286,157272,157274],{"id":157273},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[56,157276,157278],{"className":58,"code":157277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157279,157280,157308,157312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157281,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157283,3185],{"class":71},[65,157285,76],{"class":75},[65,157287,8815],{"class":79},[65,157289,1898],{"class":83},[65,157291,87],{"class":79},[65,157293,7364],{"class":83},[65,157295,87],{"class":79},[65,157297,7369],{"class":83},[65,157299,87],{"class":79},[65,157301,50428],{"class":83},[65,157303,87],{"class":79},[65,157305,4649],{"class":83},[65,157307,157],{"class":79},[65,157309,157310],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157311,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157313,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157315,164],{"class":163},[65,157317,151],{"class":79},[65,157319,3215],{"class":147},[65,157321,3469],{"class":79},[65,157323,1624],{"class":83},[65,157325,77300],{"class":79},[20,157327,350],{},[56,157329,157331],{"className":58,"code":157330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157332,157333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157334,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157336,151],{"class":79},[65,157338,36421],{"class":83},[65,157340,87],{"class":79},[65,157342,50428],{"class":83},[65,157344,87],{"class":79},[65,157346,4649],{"class":83},[65,157348,157],{"class":79},[1286,157350,157352],{"id":157351},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[56,157354,157356],{"className":58,"code":157355,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157357,157358,157386,157390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157359,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157361,3185],{"class":71},[65,157363,76],{"class":75},[65,157365,8815],{"class":79},[65,157367,1898],{"class":83},[65,157369,87],{"class":79},[65,157371,7364],{"class":83},[65,157373,87],{"class":79},[65,157375,7369],{"class":83},[65,157377,87],{"class":79},[65,157379,50428],{"class":83},[65,157381,87],{"class":79},[65,157383,4649],{"class":83},[65,157385,157],{"class":79},[65,157387,157388],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157389,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157391,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157393,164],{"class":163},[65,157395,151],{"class":79},[65,157397,3215],{"class":147},[65,157399,3469],{"class":79},[65,157401,84],{"class":83},[65,157403,191],{"class":79},[65,157405,2072],{"class":83},[65,157407,3457],{"class":79},[20,157409,350],{},[56,157411,157413],{"className":58,"code":157412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157414,157415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157418,151],{"class":79},[65,157420,15329],{"class":83},[65,157422,87],{"class":79},[65,157424,7369],{"class":83},[65,157426,87],{"class":79},[65,157428,50428],{"class":83},[65,157430,157],{"class":79},[1286,157432,157434],{"id":157433},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[56,157436,157438],{"className":58,"code":157437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157439,157440,157472,157476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157443,3185],{"class":71},[65,157445,76],{"class":75},[65,157447,8815],{"class":79},[65,157449,1898],{"class":83},[65,157451,87],{"class":79},[65,157453,7364],{"class":83},[65,157455,87],{"class":79},[65,157457,7369],{"class":83},[65,157459,87],{"class":79},[65,157461,50428],{"class":83},[65,157463,87],{"class":79},[65,157465,4649],{"class":83},[65,157467,87],{"class":79},[65,157469,75684],{"class":83},[65,157471,157],{"class":79},[65,157473,157474],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157475,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157477,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157479,164],{"class":163},[65,157481,151],{"class":79},[65,157483,3215],{"class":147},[65,157485,73706],{"class":79},[65,157487,1624],{"class":83},[65,157489,3457],{"class":79},[20,157491,350],{},[56,157493,157495],{"className":58,"code":157494,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157496,157497],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157498,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157500,151],{"class":79},[65,157502,1898],{"class":83},[65,157504,87],{"class":79},[65,157506,7369],{"class":83},[65,157508,87],{"class":79},[65,157510,4649],{"class":83},[65,157512,157],{"class":79},[1286,157514,157516],{"id":157515},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[56,157518,157520],{"className":58,"code":157519,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157521,157522,157550,157554],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157523,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157525,3185],{"class":71},[65,157527,76],{"class":75},[65,157529,8815],{"class":79},[65,157531,1898],{"class":83},[65,157533,87],{"class":79},[65,157535,7364],{"class":83},[65,157537,87],{"class":79},[65,157539,7369],{"class":83},[65,157541,87],{"class":79},[65,157543,50428],{"class":83},[65,157545,87],{"class":79},[65,157547,4649],{"class":83},[65,157549,157],{"class":79},[65,157551,157552],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157553,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157555,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157557,164],{"class":163},[65,157559,151],{"class":79},[65,157561,3215],{"class":147},[65,157563,73706],{"class":79},[65,157565,1589],{"class":75},[65,157567,84],{"class":83},[65,157569,3457],{"class":79},[20,157571,350],{},[56,157573,157575],{"className":58,"code":157574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157576,157577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157578,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157580,151],{"class":79},[65,157582,76378],{"class":83},[65,157584,87],{"class":79},[65,157586,50428],{"class":83},[65,157588,87],{"class":79},[65,157590,7369],{"class":83},[65,157592,87],{"class":79},[65,157594,7364],{"class":83},[65,157596,87],{"class":79},[65,157598,5574],{"class":83},[65,157600,157],{"class":79},[51,157602,75894],{"id":75893},[20,157604,153787],{},[20,157606,157607],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1286,157609,157611],{"id":157610},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[56,157613,157615],{"className":58,"code":157614,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157616,157617,157649,157653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157620,3185],{"class":71},[65,157622,76],{"class":75},[65,157624,8815],{"class":79},[65,157626,1898],{"class":83},[65,157628,87],{"class":79},[65,157630,7364],{"class":83},[65,157632,87],{"class":79},[65,157634,7369],{"class":83},[65,157636,87],{"class":79},[65,157638,50428],{"class":83},[65,157640,87],{"class":79},[65,157642,4649],{"class":83},[65,157644,87],{"class":79},[65,157646,75684],{"class":83},[65,157648,157],{"class":79},[65,157650,157651],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157652,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157654,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157656,164],{"class":163},[65,157658,151],{"class":79},[65,157660,3215],{"class":147},[65,157662,3469],{"class":79},[65,157664,1589],{"class":75},[65,157666,111],{"class":83},[65,157668,77300],{"class":79},[20,157670,350],{},[56,157672,157674],{"className":58,"code":157673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157675,157676],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157677,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157679,151],{"class":79},[65,157681,56279],{"class":83},[65,157683,87],{"class":79},[65,157685,4649],{"class":83},[65,157687,87],{"class":79},[65,157689,75684],{"class":83},[65,157691,157],{"class":79},[1286,157693,157695],{"id":157694},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[56,157697,157699],{"className":58,"code":157698,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157700,157701,157729,157733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157702,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157704,3185],{"class":71},[65,157706,76],{"class":75},[65,157708,8815],{"class":79},[65,157710,1898],{"class":83},[65,157712,87],{"class":79},[65,157714,7364],{"class":83},[65,157716,87],{"class":79},[65,157718,7369],{"class":83},[65,157720,87],{"class":79},[65,157722,50428],{"class":83},[65,157724,87],{"class":79},[65,157726,4649],{"class":83},[65,157728,157],{"class":79},[65,157730,157731],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157732,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157734,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157736,164],{"class":163},[65,157738,151],{"class":79},[65,157740,3215],{"class":147},[65,157742,75119],{"class":79},[65,157744,1589],{"class":75},[65,157746,84],{"class":83},[65,157748,3457],{"class":79},[20,157750,350],{},[56,157752,157754],{"className":58,"code":157753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157755,157756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157759,151],{"class":79},[65,157761,1898],{"class":83},[65,157763,87],{"class":79},[65,157765,7364],{"class":83},[65,157767,87],{"class":79},[65,157769,7369],{"class":83},[65,157771,87],{"class":79},[65,157773,50428],{"class":83},[65,157775,157],{"class":79},[20,157777,157778,157779,144],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[210,157780,150337],{"href":156671},[51,157782,157784],{"id":157783},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157786,1545,157787,157789],{},[15,157788,75013],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,157791,157792,157794,157796,157802],{},[36,157793,76150],{},[36,157795,76153],{},[36,157797,157798,157801],{},[15,157799,157800],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,157803,157804,157805,157807],{},"A step of ",[15,157806,1688],{}," is not allowed",[20,157809,157810],{},"Example with a positive step:",[56,157812,157814],{"className":58,"code":157813,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157815,157816,157848,157852],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157817,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157819,3185],{"class":71},[65,157821,76],{"class":75},[65,157823,8815],{"class":79},[65,157825,1898],{"class":83},[65,157827,87],{"class":79},[65,157829,7364],{"class":83},[65,157831,87],{"class":79},[65,157833,7369],{"class":83},[65,157835,87],{"class":79},[65,157837,50428],{"class":83},[65,157839,87],{"class":79},[65,157841,4649],{"class":83},[65,157843,87],{"class":79},[65,157845,75684],{"class":83},[65,157847,157],{"class":79},[65,157849,157850],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157851,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157853,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157855,164],{"class":163},[65,157857,151],{"class":79},[65,157859,3215],{"class":147},[65,157861,3469],{"class":79},[65,157863,84],{"class":83},[65,157865,191],{"class":79},[65,157867,80178],{"class":83},[65,157869,191],{"class":79},[65,157871,1624],{"class":83},[65,157873,3457],{"class":79},[20,157875,350],{},[56,157877,157879],{"className":58,"code":157878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157880,157881],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157882,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157884,151],{"class":79},[65,157886,15329],{"class":83},[65,157888,87],{"class":79},[65,157890,50428],{"class":83},[65,157892,87],{"class":79},[65,157894,75684],{"class":83},[65,157896,157],{"class":79},[20,157898,157899],{},"Example with a negative step:",[56,157901,157903],{"className":58,"code":157902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157904,157905,157933,157937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157906,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157908,3185],{"class":71},[65,157910,76],{"class":75},[65,157912,8815],{"class":79},[65,157914,1898],{"class":83},[65,157916,87],{"class":79},[65,157918,7364],{"class":83},[65,157920,87],{"class":79},[65,157922,7369],{"class":83},[65,157924,87],{"class":79},[65,157926,50428],{"class":83},[65,157928,87],{"class":79},[65,157930,4649],{"class":83},[65,157932,157],{"class":79},[65,157934,157935],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,157936,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,157940,164],{"class":163},[65,157942,151],{"class":79},[65,157944,3215],{"class":147},[65,157946,3469],{"class":79},[65,157948,2072],{"class":83},[65,157950,191],{"class":79},[65,157952,84],{"class":83},[65,157954,191],{"class":79},[65,157956,1589],{"class":75},[65,157958,84],{"class":83},[65,157960,3457],{"class":79},[20,157962,350],{},[56,157964,157966],{"className":58,"code":157965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157967,157968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157969,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157971,151],{"class":79},[65,157973,76378],{"class":83},[65,157975,87],{"class":79},[65,157977,50428],{"class":83},[65,157979,87],{"class":79},[65,157981,7369],{"class":83},[65,157983,157],{"class":79},[20,157985,157986],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[56,157988,157990],{"className":58,"code":157989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157991,157992,158012,158016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157993,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157995,3185],{"class":71},[65,157997,76],{"class":75},[65,157999,8815],{"class":79},[65,158001,1898],{"class":83},[65,158003,87],{"class":79},[65,158005,7364],{"class":83},[65,158007,87],{"class":79},[65,158009,7369],{"class":83},[65,158011,157],{"class":79},[65,158013,158014],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158015,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158017,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158019,164],{"class":163},[65,158021,151],{"class":79},[65,158023,3215],{"class":147},[65,158025,73706],{"class":79},[65,158027,1688],{"class":83},[65,158029,3457],{"class":79},[20,158031,158032],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[51,158034,158036],{"id":158035},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158038,158039,158040,33318],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[43,158041,48538],{},[1286,158043,158045],{"id":158044},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[56,158047,158049],{"className":58,"code":158048,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158050,158051,158075,158079,158097,158101,158111],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158052,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158054,3185],{"class":71},[65,158056,76],{"class":75},[65,158058,8815],{"class":79},[65,158060,1898],{"class":83},[65,158062,87],{"class":79},[65,158064,7364],{"class":83},[65,158066,87],{"class":79},[65,158068,7369],{"class":83},[65,158070,87],{"class":79},[65,158072,50428],{"class":83},[65,158074,157],{"class":79},[65,158076,158077],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158078,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158080,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158082,136],{"class":71},[65,158084,76],{"class":75},[65,158086,3833],{"class":71},[65,158088,3469],{"class":79},[65,158090,84],{"class":83},[65,158092,191],{"class":79},[65,158094,111],{"class":83},[65,158096,1352],{"class":79},[65,158098,158099],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158100,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158102,158103,158105,158107,158109],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,158104,164],{"class":163},[65,158106,151],{"class":79},[65,158108,169],{"class":147},[65,158110,157],{"class":79},[65,158112,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,158114,164],{"class":163},[65,158116,151],{"class":79},[65,158118,1260],{"class":1259},[65,158120,151],{"class":79},[65,158122,169],{"class":147},[65,158124,1028],{"class":79},[20,158126,350],{},[56,158128,158130],{"className":58,"code":158129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158131,158132,158144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158133,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158135,151],{"class":79},[65,158137,15329],{"class":83},[65,158139,87],{"class":79},[65,158141,7369],{"class":83},[65,158143,157],{"class":79},[65,158145,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158147,2857],{"class":75},[65,158149,2860],{"class":1632},[65,158151,603],{"class":487},[65,158153,48538],{"class":491},[65,158155,594],{"class":487},[65,158157,2869],{"class":75},[1286,158159,158161],{"id":158160},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[56,158163,158165],{"className":58,"code":158164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158166,158167,158187,158191,158209,158213,158223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158170,3185],{"class":71},[65,158172,76],{"class":75},[65,158174,8815],{"class":79},[65,158176,1898],{"class":83},[65,158178,87],{"class":79},[65,158180,7364],{"class":83},[65,158182,87],{"class":79},[65,158184,7369],{"class":83},[65,158186,157],{"class":79},[65,158188,158189],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158190,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158192,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158194,136],{"class":71},[65,158196,76],{"class":75},[65,158198,3833],{"class":71},[65,158200,3469],{"class":79},[65,158202,84],{"class":83},[65,158204,191],{"class":79},[65,158206,1624],{"class":83},[65,158208,1352],{"class":79},[65,158210,158211],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158212,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158214,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,158216,164],{"class":163},[65,158218,151],{"class":79},[65,158220,169],{"class":147},[65,158222,157],{"class":79},[65,158224,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,158226,164],{"class":163},[65,158228,151],{"class":79},[65,158230,1260],{"class":1259},[65,158232,151],{"class":79},[65,158234,169],{"class":147},[65,158236,1028],{"class":79},[20,158238,350],{},[56,158240,158242],{"className":58,"code":158241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158243,158244,158252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158245,158246,158248,158250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158247,151],{"class":79},[65,158249,15329],{"class":83},[65,158251,148771],{"class":79},[65,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158255,2857],{"class":75},[65,158257,2860],{"class":1632},[65,158259,603],{"class":487},[65,158261,48538],{"class":491},[65,158263,594],{"class":487},[65,158265,2869],{"class":75},[1286,158267,158269],{"id":158268},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[56,158271,158273],{"className":58,"code":158272,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158274,158275,158295,158299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158276,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158278,3185],{"class":71},[65,158280,76],{"class":75},[65,158282,8815],{"class":79},[65,158284,1898],{"class":83},[65,158286,87],{"class":79},[65,158288,7364],{"class":83},[65,158290,87],{"class":79},[65,158292,7369],{"class":83},[65,158294,157],{"class":79},[65,158296,158297],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158298,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158300,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158302,164],{"class":163},[65,158304,151],{"class":79},[65,158306,3215],{"class":147},[65,158308,3469],{"class":79},[65,158310,1705],{"class":83},[65,158312,191],{"class":79},[65,158314,1913],{"class":83},[65,158316,3457],{"class":79},[20,158318,350],{},[56,158320,158321],{"className":58,"code":8220,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,158322,158323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158324,158325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158326,8220],{"class":79},[20,158328,158329,158330,144],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[210,158331,155507],{"href":150394},[51,158333,158335],{"id":158334},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158337,158338],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,158340,158341,158343,158346,158351],{},[36,158342,76459],{},[36,158344,158345],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,158347,158348,158349],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158350,70315],{},[36,158352,158353],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158355,267],{},[56,158357,158359],{"className":58,"code":158358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158360,158361,158381,158385,158402,158423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158362,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158364,3185],{"class":71},[65,158366,76],{"class":75},[65,158368,8815],{"class":79},[65,158370,1898],{"class":83},[65,158372,87],{"class":79},[65,158374,7364],{"class":83},[65,158376,87],{"class":79},[65,158378,7369],{"class":83},[65,158380,157],{"class":79},[65,158382,158383],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158384,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158388,164],{"class":163},[65,158390,151],{"class":79},[65,158392,3215],{"class":147},[65,158394,3469],{"class":79},[65,158396,84],{"class":83},[65,158398,20021],{"class":79},[65,158400,158401],{"class":175},"    # one item\n",[65,158403,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158405,164],{"class":163},[65,158407,151],{"class":79},[65,158409,3215],{"class":147},[65,158411,3469],{"class":79},[65,158413,84],{"class":83},[65,158415,191],{"class":79},[65,158417,1705],{"class":83},[65,158419,20021],{"class":79},[65,158421,158422],{"class":175},"  # slice\n",[65,158424,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,158426,164],{"class":163},[65,158428,151],{"class":79},[65,158430,3215],{"class":147},[65,158432,3469],{"class":79},[65,158434,1705],{"class":83},[65,158436,191],{"class":79},[65,158438,1913],{"class":83},[65,158440,20021],{"class":79},[65,158442,158443],{"class":175},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158445,350],{},[56,158447,158449],{"className":58,"code":158448,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158450,158451,158455,158467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158452,158453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158454,70808],{"class":83},[65,158456,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158458,151],{"class":79},[65,158460,15329],{"class":83},[65,158462,87],{"class":79},[65,158464,7369],{"class":83},[65,158466,157],{"class":79},[65,158468,158469],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158470,8220],{"class":79},[20,158472,158473],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[56,158475,158477],{"className":58,"code":158476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158478,158479,158499,158503],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158480,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158482,3185],{"class":71},[65,158484,76],{"class":75},[65,158486,8815],{"class":79},[65,158488,1898],{"class":83},[65,158490,87],{"class":79},[65,158492,7364],{"class":83},[65,158494,87],{"class":79},[65,158496,7369],{"class":83},[65,158498,157],{"class":79},[65,158500,158501],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158502,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158504,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158506,164],{"class":163},[65,158508,151],{"class":79},[65,158510,3215],{"class":147},[65,158512,3469],{"class":79},[65,158514,1705],{"class":83},[65,158516,3457],{"class":79},[20,158518,158519,158520,158522,158523,144],{},"This raises an ",[15,158521,70315],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[210,158524,154260],{"href":158525},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[51,158527,14752],{"id":76726},[20,158529,158530],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,158532,158533,158536,158538,158541],{},[36,158534,158535],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,158537,60277],{},[36,158539,158540],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,158542,158543,158544],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158545,1688],{},[20,158547,158548],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1286,158550,158552],{"id":158551},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[56,158554,158555],{"className":58,"code":157355,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,158556,158557,158585,158589],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158558,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158560,3185],{"class":71},[65,158562,76],{"class":75},[65,158564,8815],{"class":79},[65,158566,1898],{"class":83},[65,158568,87],{"class":79},[65,158570,7364],{"class":83},[65,158572,87],{"class":79},[65,158574,7369],{"class":83},[65,158576,87],{"class":79},[65,158578,50428],{"class":83},[65,158580,87],{"class":79},[65,158582,4649],{"class":83},[65,158584,157],{"class":79},[65,158586,158587],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158588,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158590,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158592,164],{"class":163},[65,158594,151],{"class":79},[65,158596,3215],{"class":147},[65,158598,3469],{"class":79},[65,158600,84],{"class":83},[65,158602,191],{"class":79},[65,158604,2072],{"class":83},[65,158606,3457],{"class":79},[20,158608,350],{},[56,158610,158611],{"className":58,"code":157412,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,158612,158613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158614,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158616,151],{"class":79},[65,158618,15329],{"class":83},[65,158620,87],{"class":79},[65,158622,7369],{"class":83},[65,158624,87],{"class":79},[65,158626,50428],{"class":83},[65,158628,157],{"class":79},[20,158630,131839,158631,158633],{},[15,158632,2072],{}," is not included.",[1286,158635,158637],{"id":158636},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158639,4094],{},[56,158641,158643],{"className":58,"code":158642,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158644,158645,158669,158673],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158648,3185],{"class":71},[65,158650,76],{"class":75},[65,158652,8815],{"class":79},[65,158654,1898],{"class":83},[65,158656,87],{"class":79},[65,158658,7364],{"class":83},[65,158660,87],{"class":79},[65,158662,7369],{"class":83},[65,158664,87],{"class":79},[65,158666,50428],{"class":83},[65,158668,157],{"class":79},[65,158670,158671],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158672,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158674,158675],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158676,158677],{"class":175},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158679,158680],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[56,158682,158683],{"className":58,"code":154340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,158684,158685,158709,158713],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158688,3185],{"class":71},[65,158690,76],{"class":75},[65,158692,8815],{"class":79},[65,158694,1898],{"class":83},[65,158696,87],{"class":79},[65,158698,7364],{"class":83},[65,158700,87],{"class":79},[65,158702,7369],{"class":83},[65,158704,87],{"class":79},[65,158706,50428],{"class":83},[65,158708,157],{"class":79},[65,158710,158711],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158712,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158716,164],{"class":163},[65,158718,151],{"class":79},[65,158720,3215],{"class":147},[65,158722,3469],{"class":79},[65,158724,84],{"class":83},[65,158726,191],{"class":79},[65,158728,111],{"class":83},[65,158730,3457],{"class":79},[1286,158732,158734],{"id":158733},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[56,158736,158738],{"className":58,"code":158737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158739,158740,158764,158768,158783,158787,158798],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158741,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158743,3185],{"class":71},[65,158745,76],{"class":75},[65,158747,8815],{"class":79},[65,158749,1898],{"class":83},[65,158751,87],{"class":79},[65,158753,7364],{"class":83},[65,158755,87],{"class":79},[65,158757,7369],{"class":83},[65,158759,87],{"class":79},[65,158761,50428],{"class":83},[65,158763,157],{"class":79},[65,158765,158766],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158767,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158769,158770,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158771,158772],{"class":71},"slice_result ",[65,158774,76],{"class":75},[65,158776,3833],{"class":71},[65,158778,75119],{"class":79},[65,158780,1624],{"class":83},[65,158782,1352],{"class":79},[65,158784,158785],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158786,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,158788,158789,158791,158793,158796],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,158790,164],{"class":163},[65,158792,151],{"class":79},[65,158794,158795],{"class":147},"slice_result",[65,158797,157],{"class":79},[65,158799,158800,158802,158804,158806],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,158801,164],{"class":163},[65,158803,151],{"class":79},[65,158805,3215],{"class":147},[65,158807,157],{"class":79},[20,158809,350],{},[56,158811,158813],{"className":58,"code":158812,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158814,158815,158827],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158816,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158818,151],{"class":79},[65,158820,1898],{"class":83},[65,158822,87],{"class":79},[65,158824,7364],{"class":83},[65,158826,157],{"class":79},[65,158828,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158830,151],{"class":79},[65,158832,1898],{"class":83},[65,158834,87],{"class":79},[65,158836,7364],{"class":83},[65,158838,87],{"class":79},[65,158840,7369],{"class":83},[65,158842,87],{"class":79},[65,158844,50428],{"class":83},[65,158846,157],{"class":79},[20,158848,158849],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[51,158851,113153],{"id":113152},[20,158853,158854],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,158856,158857,158860,158863,158869,158872],{},[36,158858,158859],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,158861,158862],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,158864,158865,158866],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158867,158868],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,158870,158871],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,158873,158874],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158876,158877],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[56,158879,158881],{"className":58,"code":158880,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158882,158883,158893,158911,158933],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158884,158885,158887,158889,158891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158886,164],{"class":163},[65,158888,151],{"class":79},[65,158890,147433],{"class":147},[65,158892,157],{"class":79},[65,158894,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,158896,164],{"class":163},[65,158898,151],{"class":79},[65,158900,147433],{"class":147},[65,158902,3469],{"class":79},[65,158904,84],{"class":83},[65,158906,191],{"class":79},[65,158908,2072],{"class":83},[65,158910,3457],{"class":79},[65,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,158914,164],{"class":163},[65,158916,151],{"class":79},[65,158918,1260],{"class":1259},[65,158920,151],{"class":79},[65,158922,147433],{"class":147},[65,158924,3469],{"class":79},[65,158926,84],{"class":83},[65,158928,191],{"class":79},[65,158930,2072],{"class":83},[65,158932,2565],{"class":79},[65,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158936,164],{"class":163},[65,158938,151],{"class":79},[65,158940,10737],{"class":163},[65,158942,151],{"class":79},[65,158944,147433],{"class":147},[65,158946,1028],{"class":79},[20,158948,10746],{},[33,158950,158951,158953,158956,158959],{},[36,158952,154647],{},[36,158954,158955],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,158957,158958],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,158960,158961],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[51,158963,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,158965,158967],{"id":158966},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158969,158970],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1286,158972,158974],{"id":158973},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158976,158977],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1286,158979,4711,158981,39542],{"id":158980},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158982,157800],{},[20,158984,158985],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1286,158987,158989,158990,1304],{"id":158988},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158991,70315],{},[20,158993,158994,158995,144],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158996,70315],{},[51,158998,1455],{"id":1454},[33,159000,159001,159005,159009,159013,159017],{},[36,159002,159003],{},[210,159004,155507],{"href":150394},[36,159006,159007],{},[210,159008,149088],{"href":152514},[36,159010,159011],{},[210,159012,150337],{"href":156671},[36,159014,159015],{},[210,159016,147415],{"href":157033},[36,159018,159019],{},[210,159020,154260],{"href":158525},[1499,159022,159023],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":159025},[159026,159027,159028,159029,159037,159041,159042,159047,159048,159053,159054,159062],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":156833,"depth":101,"text":156834},{"id":157036,"depth":101,"text":157037},{"id":75599,"depth":101,"text":75600,"children":159030},[159031,159033,159034,159035,159036],{"id":157194,"depth":126,"text":159032},"Get the first n items",{"id":157273,"depth":126,"text":157274},{"id":157351,"depth":126,"text":157352},{"id":157433,"depth":126,"text":157434},{"id":157515,"depth":126,"text":157516},{"id":75893,"depth":101,"text":75894,"children":159038},[159039,159040],{"id":157610,"depth":126,"text":157611},{"id":157694,"depth":126,"text":157695},{"id":157783,"depth":101,"text":157784},{"id":158035,"depth":101,"text":158036,"children":159043},[159044,159045,159046],{"id":158044,"depth":126,"text":158045},{"id":158160,"depth":126,"text":158161},{"id":158268,"depth":126,"text":158269},{"id":158334,"depth":101,"text":158335},{"id":76726,"depth":101,"text":14752,"children":159049},[159050,159051,159052],{"id":158551,"depth":126,"text":158552},{"id":158636,"depth":126,"text":158637},{"id":158733,"depth":126,"text":158734},{"id":113152,"depth":101,"text":113153},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":159055},[159056,159057,159058,159060],{"id":158966,"depth":126,"text":158967},{"id":158973,"depth":126,"text":158974},{"id":158980,"depth":126,"text":159059},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158988,"depth":126,"text":159061},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156677,"description":159063},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159070,"title":159071,"body":159072,"description":160895,"extension":1528,"meta":160896,"navigation":129,"path":34386,"seo":160897,"stem":160898,"__hash__":160899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159073,"toc":160861},[159074,159079,159084,159088,159106,159109,159124,159130,159132,159189,159191,159223,159235,159241,159246,159249,159284,159290,159292,159295,159309,159312,159314,159337,159339,159357,159360,159376,159378,159381,159494,159496,159585,159588,159593,159599,159602,159605,159704,159706,159765,159770,159773,159842,159846,159878,159894,159899,159906,159913,159925,159927,159976,159978,160001,160007,160055,160060,160067,160075,160081,160084,160108,160111,160113,160189,160191,160216,160222,160225,160230,160234,160248,160250,160313,160315,160347,160350,160366,160368,160374,160381,160383,160402,160404,160422,160429,160434,160441,160443,160480,160483,160490,160494,160497,160555,160558,160561,160616,160618,160630,160636,160638,160642,160675,160682,160684,160747,160750,160752,160757,160771,160778,160786,160795,160804,160810,160816,160818,160858],[10,159075,3143,159077,3147],{"id":159076},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159078,1869],{},[20,159080,31893,159081,159083],{},[15,159082,1869],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159085,62351,159086,104134],{},[15,159087,1869],{},[33,159089,159090,159093,159096,159099],{},[36,159091,159092],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,159094,159095],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,159097,159098],{},"debug confusing code",[36,159100,159101,159102],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[210,159103,159104],{"href":7795},[15,159105,2524],{},[20,159107,159108],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[56,159110,159112],{"className":58,"code":159111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"type(object)\n",[15,159113,159114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159115,159116,159118,159120,159122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159117,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159119,151],{"class":79},[65,159121,41982],{"class":1259},[65,159123,157],{"class":79},[20,159125,159126,159127,159129],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159128,1869],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[51,159131,54],{"id":53},[56,159133,159135],{"className":58,"code":159134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159136,159137,159149,159163,159167,159175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159140,7451],{"class":71},[65,159142,76],{"class":75},[65,159144,499],{"class":487},[65,159146,4572],{"class":491},[65,159148,2925],{"class":487},[65,159150,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159152,164],{"class":163},[65,159154,151],{"class":79},[65,159156,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159158,151],{"class":79},[65,159160,7241],{"class":147},[65,159162,1028],{"class":79},[65,159164,159165],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159166,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,159168,159169,159171,159173],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159170,1785],{"class":71},[65,159172,76],{"class":75},[65,159174,2153],{"class":83},[65,159176,159177,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,159178,164],{"class":163},[65,159180,151],{"class":79},[65,159182,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159184,151],{"class":79},[65,159186,1807],{"class":147},[65,159188,1028],{"class":79},[20,159190,350],{},[56,159192,159193],{"className":58,"code":124500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159194,159195,159209],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159196,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159198,2857],{"class":75},[65,159200,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159202,603],{"class":487},[65,159204,3010],{"class":491},[65,159206,594],{"class":487},[65,159208,2869],{"class":75},[65,159210,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159212,2857],{"class":75},[65,159214,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159216,603],{"class":487},[65,159218,1757],{"class":491},[65,159220,594],{"class":487},[65,159222,2869],{"class":75},[20,159224,1660,159225,159228,159229,634,159232,144],{},[15,159226,159227],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159230,159231],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159233,159234],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[51,159236,12572,159238,159240],{"id":159237},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159239,1869],{}," function does",[20,159242,159243,159245],{},[15,159244,1869],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159247,159248],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,159250,159251,159256,159261,159266,159271,159276],{},[36,159252,159253,159255],{},[15,159254,3010],{}," for text",[36,159257,159258,159260],{},[15,159259,1757],{}," for whole numbers",[36,159262,159263,159265],{},[15,159264,1760],{}," for decimal numbers",[36,159267,159268,159270],{},[15,159269,7669],{}," for lists",[36,159272,159273,159275],{},[15,159274,8399],{}," for dictionaries",[36,159277,159278,68679,159280,634,159282],{},[15,159279,3435],{},[15,159281,3172],{},[15,159283,3240],{},[20,159285,159286,159287,159289],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159288,1869],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[51,159291,222],{"id":221},[20,159293,159294],{},"The main beginner form is:",[56,159296,159297],{"className":58,"code":159111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159298,159299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159300,159301,159303,159305,159307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159302,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159304,151],{"class":79},[65,159306,41982],{"class":1259},[65,159308,157],{"class":79},[20,159310,159311],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159313,267],{},[56,159315,159317],{"className":58,"code":159316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159318,159319],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159322,164],{"class":163},[65,159324,151],{"class":79},[65,159326,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159328,151],{"class":79},[65,159330,488],{"class":487},[65,159332,3412],{"class":491},[65,159334,488],{"class":487},[65,159336,1028],{"class":79},[20,159338,350],{},[56,159340,159341],{"className":58,"code":45354,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159342,159343],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159344,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159346,2857],{"class":75},[65,159348,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159350,603],{"class":487},[65,159352,3010],{"class":491},[65,159354,594],{"class":487},[65,159356,2869],{"class":75},[20,159358,159359],{},"You can pass either:",[33,159361,159362,159369],{},[36,159363,159364,159365,214,159367],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159366,64119],{},[15,159368,46110],{},[36,159370,159371,159372,214,159374],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159373,7241],{},[15,159375,8877],{},[51,159377,121312],{"id":121311},[20,159379,159380],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[56,159382,159384],{"className":58,"code":159383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159385,159386,159404,159418,159432,159454,159480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159387,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159389,164],{"class":163},[65,159391,151],{"class":79},[65,159393,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159395,151],{"class":79},[65,159397,488],{"class":487},[65,159399,3412],{"class":491},[65,159401,488],{"class":487},[65,159403,1028],{"class":79},[65,159405,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159407,164],{"class":163},[65,159409,151],{"class":79},[65,159411,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159413,151],{"class":79},[65,159415,1898],{"class":83},[65,159417,1028],{"class":79},[65,159419,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159421,164],{"class":163},[65,159423,151],{"class":79},[65,159425,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159427,151],{"class":79},[65,159429,39725],{"class":83},[65,159431,1028],{"class":79},[65,159433,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159435,164],{"class":163},[65,159437,151],{"class":79},[65,159439,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159441,2552],{"class":79},[65,159443,84],{"class":83},[65,159445,87],{"class":79},[65,159447,90],{"class":83},[65,159449,87],{"class":79},[65,159451,95],{"class":83},[65,159453,2565],{"class":79},[65,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,159457,164],{"class":163},[65,159459,151],{"class":79},[65,159461,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159463,5098],{"class":79},[65,159465,488],{"class":487},[65,159467,7241],{"class":491},[65,159469,488],{"class":487},[65,159471,191],{"class":79},[65,159473,499],{"class":487},[65,159475,4572],{"class":491},[65,159477,488],{"class":487},[65,159479,5107],{"class":79},[65,159481,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,159483,164],{"class":163},[65,159485,151],{"class":79},[65,159487,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159489,151],{"class":79},[65,159491,3172],{"class":3419},[65,159493,1028],{"class":79},[20,159495,350],{},[56,159497,159499],{"className":58,"code":159498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159500,159501,159515,159529,159543,159557,159571],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159502,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159504,2857],{"class":75},[65,159506,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159508,603],{"class":487},[65,159510,3010],{"class":491},[65,159512,594],{"class":487},[65,159514,2869],{"class":75},[65,159516,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525,159527],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159518,2857],{"class":75},[65,159520,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159522,603],{"class":487},[65,159524,1757],{"class":491},[65,159526,594],{"class":487},[65,159528,2869],{"class":75},[65,159530,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159532,2857],{"class":75},[65,159534,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159536,603],{"class":487},[65,159538,1760],{"class":491},[65,159540,594],{"class":487},[65,159542,2869],{"class":75},[65,159544,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159546,2857],{"class":75},[65,159548,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159550,603],{"class":487},[65,159552,7669],{"class":491},[65,159554,594],{"class":487},[65,159556,2869],{"class":75},[65,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,159560,2857],{"class":75},[65,159562,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159564,603],{"class":487},[65,159566,8399],{"class":491},[65,159568,594],{"class":487},[65,159570,2869],{"class":75},[65,159572,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581,159583],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,159574,2857],{"class":75},[65,159576,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159578,603],{"class":487},[65,159580,3435],{"class":491},[65,159582,594],{"class":487},[65,159584,2869],{"class":75},[20,159586,159587],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159589,159590,159591,144],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[210,159592,44381],{"href":48563},[51,159594,7994,159596,159598],{"id":159595},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159597,1869],{}," with variables",[20,159600,159601],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159603,159604],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[56,159606,159608],{"className":58,"code":159607,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159609,159610,159618,159636,159640,159652,159670,159674,159686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159611,159612,159614,159616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159613,2015],{"class":71},[65,159615,76],{"class":75},[65,159617,2153],{"class":83},[65,159619,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159621,164],{"class":163},[65,159623,151],{"class":79},[65,159625,2040],{"class":147},[65,159627,87],{"class":79},[65,159629,48975],{"class":1259},[65,159631,151],{"class":79},[65,159633,2040],{"class":147},[65,159635,1028],{"class":79},[65,159637,159638],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159639,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,159641,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159643,2015],{"class":71},[65,159645,76],{"class":75},[65,159647,499],{"class":487},[65,159649,45491],{"class":491},[65,159651,2925],{"class":487},[65,159653,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,159655,164],{"class":163},[65,159657,151],{"class":79},[65,159659,2040],{"class":147},[65,159661,87],{"class":79},[65,159663,48975],{"class":1259},[65,159665,151],{"class":79},[65,159667,2040],{"class":147},[65,159669,1028],{"class":79},[65,159671,159672],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,159673,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,159675,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,159677,2015],{"class":71},[65,159679,76],{"class":75},[65,159681,1339],{"class":79},[65,159683,1898],{"class":83},[65,159685,1352],{"class":79},[65,159687,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702],{"class":67,"line":5996},[65,159689,164],{"class":163},[65,159691,151],{"class":79},[65,159693,2040],{"class":147},[65,159695,87],{"class":79},[65,159697,48975],{"class":1259},[65,159699,151],{"class":79},[65,159701,2040],{"class":147},[65,159703,1028],{"class":79},[20,159705,350],{},[56,159707,159709],{"className":58,"code":159708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159710,159711,159728,159745],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159712,159713,159715,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159714,1898],{"class":83},[65,159716,159717],{"class":75}," \u003C",[65,159719,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159721,603],{"class":487},[65,159723,1757],{"class":491},[65,159725,594],{"class":487},[65,159727,2869],{"class":75},[65,159729,159730,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159731,159732],{"class":71},"ten ",[65,159734,2857],{"class":75},[65,159736,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159738,603],{"class":487},[65,159740,3010],{"class":491},[65,159742,594],{"class":487},[65,159744,2869],{"class":75},[65,159746,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159748,3469],{"class":79},[65,159750,1898],{"class":83},[65,159752,12848],{"class":79},[65,159754,159717],{"class":75},[65,159756,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159758,603],{"class":487},[65,159760,7669],{"class":491},[65,159762,594],{"class":487},[65,159764,2869],{"class":75},[20,159766,159767,159769],{},[15,159768,1869],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159771,159772],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[56,159774,159776],{"className":58,"code":159775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159777,159778,159796,159810,159814,159828],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159779,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159781,2958],{"class":71},[65,159783,76],{"class":75},[65,159785,7818],{"class":163},[65,159787,151],{"class":79},[65,159789,488],{"class":487},[65,159791,41454],{"class":491},[65,159793,488],{"class":487},[65,159795,157],{"class":79},[65,159797,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159799,164],{"class":163},[65,159801,151],{"class":79},[65,159803,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159805,151],{"class":79},[65,159807,2984],{"class":147},[65,159809,1028],{"class":79},[65,159811,159812],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159813,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,159815,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159817,122424],{"class":71},[65,159819,76],{"class":75},[65,159821,44860],{"class":1259},[65,159823,151],{"class":79},[65,159825,2984],{"class":147},[65,159827,157],{"class":79},[65,159829,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,159831,164],{"class":163},[65,159833,151],{"class":79},[65,159835,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159837,151],{"class":79},[65,159839,122447],{"class":147},[65,159841,1028],{"class":79},[20,159843,40703,159844,40707],{},[15,159845,8772],{},[56,159847,159848],{"className":58,"code":124500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159849,159850,159864],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159853,2857],{"class":75},[65,159855,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159857,603],{"class":487},[65,159859,3010],{"class":491},[65,159861,594],{"class":487},[65,159863,2869],{"class":75},[65,159865,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159867,2857],{"class":75},[65,159869,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159871,603],{"class":487},[65,159873,1757],{"class":491},[65,159875,594],{"class":487},[65,159877,2869],{"class":75},[20,159879,45287,159880,159884,159885,214,159889,159893],{},[210,159881,159882],{"href":7795},[15,159883,2524],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[210,159886,159887],{"href":2441},[15,159888,2444],{},[210,159890,159891],{"href":2447},[15,159892,2450],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159895,159896,159897,144],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[210,159898,8559],{"href":8558},[51,159900,159902,657,159904],{"id":159901},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159903,1869],{},[15,159905,44389],{},[20,159907,159908,634,159910,159912],{},[15,159909,1869],{},[15,159911,44389],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,159914,159915,159920],{},[36,159916,159917,159919],{},[15,159918,1869],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,159921,159922,159924],{},[15,159923,44389],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159926,267],{},[56,159928,159930],{"className":58,"code":159929,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159931,159932,159940,159944,159958],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159933,159934,159936,159938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159935,2015],{"class":71},[65,159937,76],{"class":75},[65,159939,34420],{"class":83},[65,159941,159942],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,159943,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,159945,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,159947,164],{"class":163},[65,159949,151],{"class":79},[65,159951,1260],{"class":1259},[65,159953,151],{"class":79},[65,159955,2040],{"class":147},[65,159957,1028],{"class":79},[65,159959,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159961,164],{"class":163},[65,159963,151],{"class":79},[65,159965,48460],{"class":163},[65,159967,151],{"class":79},[65,159969,2040],{"class":147},[65,159971,87],{"class":79},[65,159973,44860],{"class":1259},[65,159975,1028],{"class":79},[20,159977,350],{},[56,159979,159981],{"className":58,"code":159980,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159982,159983,159997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159984,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159986,2857],{"class":75},[65,159988,2860],{"class":1632},[65,159990,603],{"class":487},[65,159992,1757],{"class":491},[65,159994,594],{"class":487},[65,159996,2869],{"class":75},[65,159998,159999],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160000,3549],{"class":3419},[20,160002,160003,160004,160006],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160005,44389],{}," is more practical.",[56,160008,160010],{"className":58,"code":160009,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160011,160012,160020,160024,160040],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160013,160014,160016,160018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160015,2015],{"class":71},[65,160017,76],{"class":75},[65,160019,34420],{"class":83},[65,160021,160022],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160023,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160027,6569],{"class":3444},[65,160029,49198],{"class":163},[65,160031,151],{"class":79},[65,160033,2040],{"class":147},[65,160035,87],{"class":79},[65,160037,44860],{"class":1259},[65,160039,7918],{"class":79},[65,160041,160042,160044,160046,160048,160051,160053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160043,7644],{"class":163},[65,160045,151],{"class":79},[65,160047,488],{"class":487},[65,160049,160050],{"class":491},"This is an integer",[65,160052,488],{"class":487},[65,160054,157],{"class":79},[20,160056,1660,160057,160059],{},[15,160058,1869],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160061,1660,160062,160064,160065,6744],{},[15,160063,44389],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160066,6569],{},[20,160068,160069,160070,144],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[210,160071,3143,160073,3076],{"href":160072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160074,44389],{},[51,160076,160078,160079],{"id":160077},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160080,1869],{},[20,160082,160083],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[56,160085,160087],{"className":58,"code":160086,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160088,160089],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160102,160104,160106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160092,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160094,151],{"class":79},[65,160096,7241],{"class":147},[65,160098,87],{"class":79},[65,160100,160101],{"class":147}," bases",[65,160103,87],{"class":79},[65,160105,8749],{"class":1259},[65,160107,157],{"class":79},[20,160109,160110],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160112,267],{},[56,160114,160116],{"className":58,"code":160115,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160117,160118,160161,160165,160175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160119,160120,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160134,160136,160138,160141,160143,160145,160148,160150,160152,160154,160157,160159],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160121,160122],{"class":71},"Person ",[65,160124,76],{"class":75},[65,160126,48975],{"class":1259},[65,160128,151],{"class":79},[65,160130,488],{"class":487},[65,160132,160133],{"class":491},"Person",[65,160135,488],{"class":487},[65,160137,87],{"class":79},[65,160139,160140],{"class":79}," (),",[65,160142,80],{"class":79},[65,160144,488],{"class":487},[65,160146,160147],{"class":491},"species",[65,160149,488],{"class":487},[65,160151,191],{"class":79},[65,160153,499],{"class":487},[65,160155,160156],{"class":491},"human",[65,160158,488],{"class":487},[65,160160,30071],{"class":79},[65,160162,160163],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160164,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160166,160167,160169,160171,160173],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160168,164],{"class":163},[65,160170,151],{"class":79},[65,160172,160133],{"class":147},[65,160174,157],{"class":79},[65,160176,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160178,164],{"class":163},[65,160180,151],{"class":79},[65,160182,160133],{"class":147},[65,160184,144],{"class":79},[65,160186,160147],{"class":24325},[65,160188,157],{"class":79},[20,160190,350],{},[56,160192,160194],{"className":58,"code":160193,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160195,160196,160211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160197,160198,160200,160202,160204,160207,160209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160199,2857],{"class":75},[65,160201,2860],{"class":1632},[65,160203,603],{"class":487},[65,160205,160206],{"class":491},"__main__.Person",[65,160208,594],{"class":487},[65,160210,2869],{"class":75},[65,160212,160213],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160214,160215],{"class":71},"human\n",[20,160217,160218,160219,160221],{},"Most beginners do ",[43,160220,45],{}," need this form.",[20,160223,160224],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[51,160226,4529,160228],{"id":160227},"when-to-use-type",[15,160229,1869],{},[20,160231,160232,12020],{},[15,160233,1869],{},[33,160235,160236,160239,160242,160245],{},[36,160237,160238],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,160240,160241],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,160243,160244],{},"learn Python data types",[36,160246,160247],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160249,405],{},[56,160251,160253],{"className":58,"code":160252,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160254,160255,160267,160281,160285,160299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160258,34265],{"class":71},[65,160260,76],{"class":75},[65,160262,499],{"class":487},[65,160264,49831],{"class":491},[65,160266,2925],{"class":487},[65,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160270,1785],{"class":71},[65,160272,76],{"class":75},[65,160274,44860],{"class":1259},[65,160276,151],{"class":79},[65,160278,34286],{"class":147},[65,160280,157],{"class":79},[65,160282,160283],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160284,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160286,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160288,164],{"class":163},[65,160290,151],{"class":79},[65,160292,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160294,151],{"class":79},[65,160296,34286],{"class":147},[65,160298,1028],{"class":79},[65,160300,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,160302,164],{"class":163},[65,160304,151],{"class":79},[65,160306,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160308,151],{"class":79},[65,160310,1807],{"class":147},[65,160312,1028],{"class":79},[20,160314,350],{},[56,160316,160317],{"className":58,"code":124500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160318,160319,160333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160320,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160322,2857],{"class":75},[65,160324,2860],{"class":1632},[65,160326,603],{"class":487},[65,160328,3010],{"class":491},[65,160330,594],{"class":487},[65,160332,2869],{"class":75},[65,160334,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160336,2857],{"class":75},[65,160338,2860],{"class":1632},[65,160340,603],{"class":487},[65,160342,1757],{"class":491},[65,160344,594],{"class":487},[65,160346,2869],{"class":75},[20,160348,160349],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160351,160352,160353,1491,160357,1494,160361,160365],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[210,160354,160355],{"href":41758},[15,160356,47268],{},[210,160358,160359],{"href":2441},[15,160360,2444],{},[210,160362,160363],{"href":2447},[15,160364,2450],{}," are often the next step.",[51,160367,24933],{"id":24932},[20,160369,160370,160371,160373],{},"A few things about ",[15,160372,1869],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1286,160375,160377,160380],{"id":160376},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160378,160379],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160382,64228],{},[56,160384,160386],{"className":58,"code":160385,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160387,160388],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160389,160390,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160391,164],{"class":163},[65,160393,151],{"class":79},[65,160395,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160397,151],{"class":79},[65,160399,1705],{"class":83},[65,160401,1028],{"class":79},[20,160403,122343],{},[56,160405,160406],{"className":58,"code":155855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160407,160408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160409,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160411,2857],{"class":75},[65,160413,2860],{"class":1632},[65,160415,603],{"class":487},[65,160417,1757],{"class":491},[65,160419,594],{"class":487},[65,160421,2869],{"class":75},[20,160423,40488,160424,160426,160427,144],{},[43,160425,45],{}," print just ",[15,160428,1757],{},[20,160430,6248,160431,160433],{},[15,160432,1869],{}," returns a class object.",[1286,160435,160437,1965,160439],{"id":160436},"input-returns-str",[15,160438,2524],{},[15,160440,3010],{},[20,160442,79126],{},[56,160444,160446],{"className":58,"code":160445,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160447,160448,160466],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160449,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160451,2015],{"class":71},[65,160453,76],{"class":75},[65,160455,7818],{"class":163},[65,160457,151],{"class":79},[65,160459,488],{"class":487},[65,160461,45894],{"class":491},[65,160463,488],{"class":487},[65,160465,157],{"class":79},[65,160467,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160469,164],{"class":163},[65,160471,151],{"class":79},[65,160473,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160475,151],{"class":79},[65,160477,2040],{"class":147},[65,160479,1028],{"class":79},[20,160481,160482],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160484,160485,160486,214,160488,144],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160487,2444],{},[15,160489,2450],{},[1286,160491,160493],{"id":160492},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160495,160496],{},"Avoid code like this:",[56,160498,160500],{"className":58,"code":160499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160501,160502,160510,160514,160540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160503,160504,160506,160508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160505,2015],{"class":71},[65,160507,76],{"class":75},[65,160509,34420],{"class":83},[65,160511,160512],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160513,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160515,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536,160538],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160517,6569],{"class":3444},[65,160519,48489],{"class":1259},[65,160521,151],{"class":79},[65,160523,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160525,151],{"class":79},[65,160527,2040],{"class":147},[65,160529,758],{"class":79},[65,160531,5978],{"class":75},[65,160533,499],{"class":487},[65,160535,159234],{"class":491},[65,160537,488],{"class":487},[65,160539,5963],{"class":79},[65,160541,160542,160544,160546,160548,160551,160553],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160543,7644],{"class":163},[65,160545,151],{"class":79},[65,160547,488],{"class":487},[65,160549,160550],{"class":491},"It is an int",[65,160552,488],{"class":487},[65,160554,157],{"class":79},[20,160556,160557],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160559,160560],{},"Better options:",[56,160562,160564],{"className":58,"code":160563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160565,160566,160574,160578,160598],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160567,160568,160570,160572],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160569,2015],{"class":71},[65,160571,76],{"class":75},[65,160573,34420],{"class":83},[65,160575,160576],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160577,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160579,160580,160582,160584,160586,160588,160590,160592,160594,160596],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160581,164],{"class":163},[65,160583,151],{"class":79},[65,160585,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160587,151],{"class":79},[65,160589,2040],{"class":147},[65,160591,172],{"class":79},[65,160593,5978],{"class":75},[65,160595,44860],{"class":1259},[65,160597,157],{"class":79},[65,160599,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160601,164],{"class":163},[65,160603,151],{"class":79},[65,160605,48460],{"class":163},[65,160607,151],{"class":79},[65,160609,2040],{"class":147},[65,160611,87],{"class":79},[65,160613,44860],{"class":1259},[65,160615,1028],{"class":79},[20,160617,350],{},[56,160619,160620],{"className":58,"code":4075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160621,160622,160626],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160623,160624],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160625,3549],{"class":3419},[65,160627,160628],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160629,3549],{"class":3419},[20,160631,160632,160633,160635],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160634,44389],{}," is the more useful check.",[51,160637,2396],{"id":2395},[20,160639,14308,160640,191],{},[15,160641,1869],{},[33,160643,160644,160654,160663,160672],{},[36,160645,7994,160646,160648,160649,160653],{},[15,160647,1869],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[210,160650,160651],{"href":7795},[15,160652,2524],{}," always returns a string",[36,160655,8030,160656,160658,160659,10667,160661],{},[15,160657,1869],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160660,1757],{},[15,160662,159234],{},[36,160664,7994,160665,1169,160668,160671],{},[15,160666,160667],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160669,160670],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,160673,160674],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160676,160677,160678,144],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[210,160679,160681],{"href":160680},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160683,144009],{},[56,160685,160687],{"className":58,"code":160686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160688,160689,160703,160713,160727,160737],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160692,164],{"class":163},[65,160694,151],{"class":79},[65,160696,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160698,151],{"class":79},[65,160700,2040],{"class":147},[65,160702,1028],{"class":79},[65,160704,160705,160707,160709,160711],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160706,164],{"class":163},[65,160708,151],{"class":79},[65,160710,2040],{"class":147},[65,160712,157],{"class":79},[65,160714,160715,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160716,164],{"class":163},[65,160718,151],{"class":79},[65,160720,41362],{"class":163},[65,160722,151],{"class":79},[65,160724,2040],{"class":147},[65,160726,1028],{"class":79},[65,160728,160729,160731,160733,160735],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160730,31728],{"class":163},[65,160732,151],{"class":79},[65,160734,1260],{"class":1259},[65,160736,157],{"class":79},[65,160738,160739,160741,160743,160745],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,160740,33949],{"class":163},[65,160742,151],{"class":79},[65,160744,2040],{"class":147},[65,160746,157],{"class":79},[20,160748,160749],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[51,160751,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,160753,4711,160755,4714],{"id":160754},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160756,1869],{},[20,160758,160759,160760,1491,160762,1491,160764,1761,160766,160768,160769,144],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160761,3010],{},[15,160763,1757],{},[15,160765,7669],{},[15,160767,8399],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160770,159231],{},[1286,160772,14478,160774,56791,160776,1304],{"id":160773},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160775,1869],{},[15,160777,44389],{},[20,160779,45949,160780,160782,160783,160785],{},[15,160781,1869],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160784,44389],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1286,160787,4727,160789,160792,160793,1304],{"id":160788},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160790,160791],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160794,3010],{},[20,160796,28636,160797,160799,160800,214,160802,159893],{},[15,160798,2524],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160801,2444],{},[15,160803,2450],{},[1286,160805,4739,160807,160809],{"id":160806},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160808,1869],{}," create classes?",[20,160811,160812,160813,144],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160814,160815],{},"type(object)",[51,160817,1455],{"id":1454},[33,160819,160820,160824,160830,160836,160840,160846,160852],{},[36,160821,160822],{},[210,160823,44381],{"href":48563},[36,160825,160826],{},[210,160827,3143,160828,3076],{"href":160072},[15,160829,44389],{},[36,160831,160832],{},[210,160833,3143,160834,3076],{"href":7795},[15,160835,2524],{},[36,160837,160838],{},[210,160839,8636],{"href":8558},[36,160841,160842],{},[210,160843,3143,160844,3076],{"href":2441},[15,160845,2444],{},[36,160847,160848],{},[210,160849,3143,160850,3076],{"href":2447},[15,160851,2450],{},[36,160853,160854],{},[210,160855,3143,160856,3076],{"href":41758},[15,160857,47268],{},[1499,160859,160860],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":160862},[160863,160864,160866,160867,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160883,160884,160894],{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":159237,"depth":101,"text":160865},"What the type() function does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":121311,"depth":101,"text":121312},{"id":159595,"depth":101,"text":160869},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159901,"depth":101,"text":160871},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160077,"depth":101,"text":160873},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160227,"depth":101,"text":160875},"When to use type()",{"id":24932,"depth":101,"text":24933,"children":160877},[160878,160880,160882],{"id":160376,"depth":126,"text":160879},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160436,"depth":126,"text":160881},"input() returns str",{"id":160492,"depth":126,"text":160493},{"id":2395,"depth":101,"text":2396},{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":160885},[160886,160888,160890,160892],{"id":160754,"depth":126,"text":160887},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160773,"depth":126,"text":160889},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160788,"depth":126,"text":160891},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160806,"depth":126,"text":160893},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159071,"description":160895},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160901,"title":160902,"body":160903,"description":163382,"extension":1528,"meta":163383,"navigation":129,"path":163384,"seo":163385,"stem":163386,"__hash__":163387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160904,"toc":163339},[160905,160910,160915,160924,160926,161026,161028,161053,161058,161063,161079,161082,161084,161086,161111,161114,161117,161200,161202,161251,161254,161376,161378,161451,161455,161458,161572,161574,161600,161602,161623,161628,161632,161637,161640,161744,161746,161763,161772,161775,161862,161864,161875,161880,161886,161891,161897,161900,161993,161995,162044,162050,162053,162154,162156,162209,162214,162218,162221,162320,162322,162361,162364,162369,162371,162376,162380,162493,162497,162594,162598,162686,162688,162705,162709,162832,162838,162844,162850,162855,162858,162885,162889,162891,162985,162988,162992,162995,163082,163085,163120,163122,163159,163162,163170,163175,163180,163254,163261,163263,163268,163271,163277,163280,163286,163291,163297,163302,163306,163309,163311,163336],[10,160906,3143,160908,3147],{"id":160907},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160909,63904],{},[20,160911,160912,160914],{},[15,160913,63904],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160916,160917,160918,160920,160921,160923],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160919,63904],{}," inside a ",[15,160922,5527],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[51,160925,1570],{"id":1569},[56,160927,160929],{"className":58,"code":160928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160930,160931,160963,160983,160987,161012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160932,160933,160935,160937,160939,160941,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160934,4563],{"class":71},[65,160936,76],{"class":75},[65,160938,1339],{"class":79},[65,160940,488],{"class":487},[65,160942,12456],{"class":491},[65,160944,488],{"class":487},[65,160946,87],{"class":79},[65,160948,499],{"class":487},[65,160950,35520],{"class":491},[65,160952,488],{"class":487},[65,160954,87],{"class":79},[65,160956,499],{"class":487},[65,160958,35529],{"class":491},[65,160960,488],{"class":487},[65,160962,1352],{"class":79},[65,160964,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,160966,4632],{"class":71},[65,160968,76],{"class":75},[65,160970,1339],{"class":79},[65,160972,13076],{"class":83},[65,160974,87],{"class":79},[65,160976,13081],{"class":83},[65,160978,87],{"class":79},[65,160980,28495],{"class":83},[65,160982,1352],{"class":79},[65,160984,160985],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,160986,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,160988,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160990,5527],{"class":3444},[65,160992,35571],{"class":71},[65,160994,87],{"class":79},[65,160996,4674],{"class":71},[65,160998,3451],{"class":3444},[65,161000,161001],{"class":163}," zip",[65,161003,151],{"class":79},[65,161005,4607],{"class":147},[65,161007,87],{"class":79},[65,161009,4679],{"class":147},[65,161011,7918],{"class":79},[65,161013,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,161015,7644],{"class":163},[65,161017,151],{"class":79},[65,161019,7241],{"class":147},[65,161021,87],{"class":79},[65,161023,130289],{"class":147},[65,161025,157],{"class":79},[20,161027,350],{},[56,161029,161031],{"className":58,"code":161030,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161032,161033,161039,161046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161034,161035,161037],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161036,133308],{"class":71},[65,161038,32712],{"class":83},[65,161040,161041,161044],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161042,161043],{"class":71},"Ben ",[65,161045,32717],{"class":83},[65,161047,161048,161051],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161049,161050],{"class":71},"Cara ",[65,161052,32722],{"class":83},[20,161054,1660,161055,161057],{},[15,161056,63904],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[51,161059,183,161061,186],{"id":161060},"what-zip-does",[15,161062,63904],{},[33,161064,161065,161070,161073,161076],{},[36,161066,161067,161069],{},[15,161068,63904],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,161071,161072],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,161074,161075],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,161077,161078],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161080,161081],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[51,161083,222],{"id":221},[20,161085,6790],{},[56,161087,161089],{"className":58,"code":161088,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161090,161091],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161092,161093,161095,161097,161100,161102,161105,161107,161109],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161094,63974],{"class":163},[65,161096,151],{"class":79},[65,161098,161099],{"class":147},"iterable1",[65,161101,87],{"class":79},[65,161103,161104],{"class":147}," iterable2",[65,161106,87],{"class":79},[65,161108,34031],{"class":163},[65,161110,157],{"class":79},[20,161112,161113],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161115,161116],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[56,161118,161120],{"className":58,"code":161119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161121,161122,161142,161174,161178],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161123,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161125,3185],{"class":71},[65,161127,76],{"class":75},[65,161129,1339],{"class":79},[65,161131,84],{"class":83},[65,161133,87],{"class":79},[65,161135,90],{"class":83},[65,161137,87],{"class":79},[65,161139,95],{"class":83},[65,161141,1352],{"class":79},[65,161143,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161145,35670],{"class":71},[65,161147,76],{"class":75},[65,161149,1339],{"class":79},[65,161151,488],{"class":487},[65,161153,210],{"class":491},[65,161155,488],{"class":487},[65,161157,87],{"class":79},[65,161159,499],{"class":487},[65,161161,154],{"class":491},[65,161163,488],{"class":487},[65,161165,87],{"class":79},[65,161167,499],{"class":487},[65,161169,9317],{"class":491},[65,161171,488],{"class":487},[65,161173,1352],{"class":79},[65,161175,161176],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161177,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161179,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161181,164],{"class":163},[65,161183,151],{"class":79},[65,161185,7669],{"class":1259},[65,161187,151],{"class":79},[65,161189,63974],{"class":163},[65,161191,151],{"class":79},[65,161193,3215],{"class":147},[65,161195,87],{"class":79},[65,161197,69680],{"class":147},[65,161199,2478],{"class":79},[20,161201,350],{},[56,161203,161205],{"className":58,"code":161204,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161206,161207],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161208,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161210,21315],{"class":79},[65,161212,84],{"class":83},[65,161214,87],{"class":79},[65,161216,603],{"class":487},[65,161218,210],{"class":491},[65,161220,594],{"class":487},[65,161222,8812],{"class":79},[65,161224,8815],{"class":79},[65,161226,1624],{"class":83},[65,161228,87],{"class":79},[65,161230,603],{"class":487},[65,161232,154],{"class":491},[65,161234,594],{"class":487},[65,161236,8812],{"class":79},[65,161238,8815],{"class":79},[65,161240,111],{"class":83},[65,161242,87],{"class":79},[65,161244,603],{"class":487},[65,161246,9317],{"class":491},[65,161248,594],{"class":487},[65,161250,8828],{"class":79},[20,161252,161253],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[56,161255,161257],{"className":58,"code":161256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161258,161259,161291,161311,161345,161349],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161260,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161262,4563],{"class":71},[65,161264,76],{"class":75},[65,161266,1339],{"class":79},[65,161268,488],{"class":487},[65,161270,12456],{"class":491},[65,161272,488],{"class":487},[65,161274,87],{"class":79},[65,161276,499],{"class":487},[65,161278,35520],{"class":491},[65,161280,488],{"class":487},[65,161282,87],{"class":79},[65,161284,499],{"class":487},[65,161286,35529],{"class":491},[65,161288,488],{"class":487},[65,161290,1352],{"class":79},[65,161292,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161294,4632],{"class":71},[65,161296,76],{"class":75},[65,161298,1339],{"class":79},[65,161300,13076],{"class":83},[65,161302,87],{"class":79},[65,161304,13081],{"class":83},[65,161306,87],{"class":79},[65,161308,28495],{"class":83},[65,161310,1352],{"class":79},[65,161312,161313,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161341,161343],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161314,161315],{"class":71},"grades ",[65,161317,76],{"class":75},[65,161319,1339],{"class":79},[65,161321,488],{"class":487},[65,161323,21820],{"class":491},[65,161325,488],{"class":487},[65,161327,87],{"class":79},[65,161329,499],{"class":487},[65,161331,30175],{"class":491},[65,161333,488],{"class":487},[65,161335,87],{"class":79},[65,161337,499],{"class":487},[65,161339,161340],{"class":491},"B+",[65,161342,488],{"class":487},[65,161344,1352],{"class":79},[65,161346,161347],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161348,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161350,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161374],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,161352,164],{"class":163},[65,161354,151],{"class":79},[65,161356,7669],{"class":1259},[65,161358,151],{"class":79},[65,161360,63974],{"class":163},[65,161362,151],{"class":79},[65,161364,4607],{"class":147},[65,161366,87],{"class":79},[65,161368,4679],{"class":147},[65,161370,87],{"class":79},[65,161372,161373],{"class":147}," grades",[65,161375,2478],{"class":79},[20,161377,350],{},[56,161379,161381],{"className":58,"code":161380,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161382,161383],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161384,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161386,21315],{"class":79},[65,161388,594],{"class":487},[65,161390,12456],{"class":491},[65,161392,594],{"class":487},[65,161394,87],{"class":79},[65,161396,19473],{"class":83},[65,161398,87],{"class":79},[65,161400,603],{"class":487},[65,161402,21820],{"class":491},[65,161404,594],{"class":487},[65,161406,8812],{"class":79},[65,161408,8815],{"class":79},[65,161410,594],{"class":487},[65,161412,35520],{"class":491},[65,161414,594],{"class":487},[65,161416,87],{"class":79},[65,161418,13081],{"class":83},[65,161420,87],{"class":79},[65,161422,603],{"class":487},[65,161424,30175],{"class":491},[65,161426,594],{"class":487},[65,161428,8812],{"class":79},[65,161430,8815],{"class":79},[65,161432,594],{"class":487},[65,161434,35529],{"class":491},[65,161436,594],{"class":487},[65,161438,87],{"class":79},[65,161440,28495],{"class":83},[65,161442,87],{"class":79},[65,161444,603],{"class":487},[65,161446,161340],{"class":491},[65,161448,594],{"class":487},[65,161450,8828],{"class":79},[51,161452,161454],{"id":161453},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161456,161457],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[56,161459,161461],{"className":58,"code":161460,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161462,161463,161495,161515,161519,161543],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161466,4563],{"class":71},[65,161468,76],{"class":75},[65,161470,1339],{"class":79},[65,161472,488],{"class":487},[65,161474,12456],{"class":491},[65,161476,488],{"class":487},[65,161478,87],{"class":79},[65,161480,499],{"class":487},[65,161482,35520],{"class":491},[65,161484,488],{"class":487},[65,161486,87],{"class":79},[65,161488,499],{"class":487},[65,161490,35529],{"class":491},[65,161492,488],{"class":487},[65,161494,1352],{"class":79},[65,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161498,4632],{"class":71},[65,161500,76],{"class":75},[65,161502,1339],{"class":79},[65,161504,13076],{"class":83},[65,161506,87],{"class":79},[65,161508,13081],{"class":83},[65,161510,87],{"class":79},[65,161512,28495],{"class":83},[65,161514,1352],{"class":79},[65,161516,161517],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161518,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161520,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161522,5527],{"class":3444},[65,161524,35571],{"class":71},[65,161526,87],{"class":79},[65,161528,4674],{"class":71},[65,161530,3451],{"class":3444},[65,161532,161001],{"class":163},[65,161534,151],{"class":79},[65,161536,4607],{"class":147},[65,161538,87],{"class":79},[65,161540,4679],{"class":147},[65,161542,7918],{"class":79},[65,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,161546,7644],{"class":163},[65,161548,151],{"class":79},[65,161550,21869],{"class":1632},[65,161552,488],{"class":491},[65,161554,360],{"class":83},[65,161556,7241],{"class":147},[65,161558,21878],{"class":83},[65,161560,161561],{"class":491}," scored ",[65,161563,360],{"class":83},[65,161565,85101],{"class":147},[65,161567,21878],{"class":83},[65,161569,488],{"class":491},[65,161571,157],{"class":79},[20,161573,350],{},[56,161575,161577],{"className":58,"code":161576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161578,161579,161586,161593],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161580,161581,161584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161582,161583],{"class":71},"Ana scored ",[65,161585,32712],{"class":83},[65,161587,161588,161591],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161589,161590],{"class":71},"Ben scored ",[65,161592,32717],{"class":83},[65,161594,161595,161598],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161596,161597],{"class":71},"Cara scored ",[65,161599,32722],{"class":83},[20,161601,44514],{},[33,161603,161604,161613,161616],{},[36,161605,161606,161609,161610],{},[15,161607,161608],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161611,161612],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,161614,161615],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,161617,161618,634,161620,161622],{},[15,161619,7241],{},[15,161621,85101],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161624,161625,161626,144],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[210,161627,69197],{"href":69196},[51,161629,161631],{"id":161630},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161633,161634,161636],{},[15,161635,63904],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161638,161639],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[56,161641,161643],{"className":58,"code":161642,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161644,161645,161686,161702,161706,161730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161646,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161682,161684],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161648,4563],{"class":71},[65,161650,76],{"class":75},[65,161652,1339],{"class":79},[65,161654,488],{"class":487},[65,161656,12456],{"class":491},[65,161658,488],{"class":487},[65,161660,87],{"class":79},[65,161662,499],{"class":487},[65,161664,35520],{"class":491},[65,161666,488],{"class":487},[65,161668,87],{"class":79},[65,161670,499],{"class":487},[65,161672,35529],{"class":491},[65,161674,488],{"class":487},[65,161676,87],{"class":79},[65,161678,499],{"class":487},[65,161680,161681],{"class":491},"Dan",[65,161683,488],{"class":487},[65,161685,1352],{"class":79},[65,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161689,4632],{"class":71},[65,161691,76],{"class":75},[65,161693,1339],{"class":79},[65,161695,13076],{"class":83},[65,161697,87],{"class":79},[65,161699,13081],{"class":83},[65,161701,1352],{"class":79},[65,161703,161704],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161705,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161707,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161709,5527],{"class":3444},[65,161711,35571],{"class":71},[65,161713,87],{"class":79},[65,161715,4674],{"class":71},[65,161717,3451],{"class":3444},[65,161719,161001],{"class":163},[65,161721,151],{"class":79},[65,161723,4607],{"class":147},[65,161725,87],{"class":79},[65,161727,4679],{"class":147},[65,161729,7918],{"class":79},[65,161731,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,161733,7644],{"class":163},[65,161735,151],{"class":79},[65,161737,7241],{"class":147},[65,161739,87],{"class":79},[65,161741,130289],{"class":147},[65,161743,157],{"class":79},[20,161745,350],{},[56,161747,161749],{"className":58,"code":161748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161750,161751,161757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161752,161753,161755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161754,133308],{"class":71},[65,161756,32712],{"class":83},[65,161758,161759,161761],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161760,161043],{"class":71},[65,161762,32717],{"class":83},[20,161764,1853,161765,634,161768,161771],{},[15,161766,161767],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161769,161770],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161773,161774],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[56,161776,161778],{"className":58,"code":161777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161779,161780,161820,161836,161840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161781,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161783,4563],{"class":71},[65,161785,76],{"class":75},[65,161787,1339],{"class":79},[65,161789,488],{"class":487},[65,161791,12456],{"class":491},[65,161793,488],{"class":487},[65,161795,87],{"class":79},[65,161797,499],{"class":487},[65,161799,35520],{"class":491},[65,161801,488],{"class":487},[65,161803,87],{"class":79},[65,161805,499],{"class":487},[65,161807,35529],{"class":491},[65,161809,488],{"class":487},[65,161811,87],{"class":79},[65,161813,499],{"class":487},[65,161815,161681],{"class":491},[65,161817,488],{"class":487},[65,161819,1352],{"class":79},[65,161821,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161823,4632],{"class":71},[65,161825,76],{"class":75},[65,161827,1339],{"class":79},[65,161829,13076],{"class":83},[65,161831,87],{"class":79},[65,161833,13081],{"class":83},[65,161835,1352],{"class":79},[65,161837,161838],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161839,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161843,164],{"class":163},[65,161845,151],{"class":79},[65,161847,10737],{"class":163},[65,161849,151],{"class":79},[65,161851,4607],{"class":147},[65,161853,8812],{"class":79},[65,161855,37967],{"class":163},[65,161857,151],{"class":79},[65,161859,15964],{"class":147},[65,161861,1028],{"class":79},[20,161863,350],{},[56,161865,161867],{"className":58,"code":161866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4 2\n",[15,161868,161869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161870,161871,161873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161872,2072],{"class":83},[65,161874,45173],{"class":83},[20,161876,161877,161878,144],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161879,63904],{},[51,161881,91692,161883,161885],{"id":161882},"converting-zip-output",[15,161884,63904],{}," output",[20,161887,28636,161888,161890],{},[15,161889,63904],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1286,161892,1660,161894],{"id":161893},"use-listzip",[15,161895,161896],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161898,161899],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[56,161901,161903],{"className":58,"code":161902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161904,161905,161937,161957,161961,161983],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161906,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161908,4563],{"class":71},[65,161910,76],{"class":75},[65,161912,1339],{"class":79},[65,161914,488],{"class":487},[65,161916,12456],{"class":491},[65,161918,488],{"class":487},[65,161920,87],{"class":79},[65,161922,499],{"class":487},[65,161924,35520],{"class":491},[65,161926,488],{"class":487},[65,161928,87],{"class":79},[65,161930,499],{"class":487},[65,161932,35529],{"class":491},[65,161934,488],{"class":487},[65,161936,1352],{"class":79},[65,161938,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,161940,4632],{"class":71},[65,161942,76],{"class":75},[65,161944,1339],{"class":79},[65,161946,13076],{"class":83},[65,161948,87],{"class":79},[65,161950,13081],{"class":83},[65,161952,87],{"class":79},[65,161954,28495],{"class":83},[65,161956,1352],{"class":79},[65,161958,161959],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,161960,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,161962,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161964,8794],{"class":71},[65,161966,76],{"class":75},[65,161968,22134],{"class":1259},[65,161970,151],{"class":79},[65,161972,63974],{"class":163},[65,161974,151],{"class":79},[65,161976,4607],{"class":147},[65,161978,87],{"class":79},[65,161980,4679],{"class":147},[65,161982,1028],{"class":79},[65,161984,161985,161987,161989,161991],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,161986,164],{"class":163},[65,161988,151],{"class":79},[65,161990,8841],{"class":147},[65,161992,157],{"class":79},[20,161994,350],{},[56,161996,161998],{"className":58,"code":161997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161999,162000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162001,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162003,21315],{"class":79},[65,162005,594],{"class":487},[65,162007,12456],{"class":491},[65,162009,594],{"class":487},[65,162011,87],{"class":79},[65,162013,19473],{"class":83},[65,162015,8812],{"class":79},[65,162017,8815],{"class":79},[65,162019,594],{"class":487},[65,162021,35520],{"class":491},[65,162023,594],{"class":487},[65,162025,87],{"class":79},[65,162027,13081],{"class":83},[65,162029,8812],{"class":79},[65,162031,8815],{"class":79},[65,162033,594],{"class":487},[65,162035,35529],{"class":491},[65,162037,594],{"class":487},[65,162039,87],{"class":79},[65,162041,28495],{"class":83},[65,162043,8828],{"class":79},[1286,162045,1660,162047],{"id":162046},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162048,162049],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162051,162052],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[56,162054,162056],{"className":58,"code":162055,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162057,162058,162090,162118,162122,162144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162059,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162061,16817],{"class":71},[65,162063,76],{"class":75},[65,162065,1339],{"class":79},[65,162067,488],{"class":487},[65,162069,7241],{"class":491},[65,162071,488],{"class":487},[65,162073,87],{"class":79},[65,162075,499],{"class":487},[65,162077,8877],{"class":491},[65,162079,488],{"class":487},[65,162081,87],{"class":79},[65,162083,499],{"class":487},[65,162085,9986],{"class":491},[65,162087,488],{"class":487},[65,162089,1352],{"class":79},[65,162091,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162093,3389],{"class":71},[65,162095,76],{"class":75},[65,162097,1339],{"class":79},[65,162099,488],{"class":487},[65,162101,12456],{"class":491},[65,162103,488],{"class":487},[65,162105,87],{"class":79},[65,162107,8884],{"class":83},[65,162109,87],{"class":79},[65,162111,499],{"class":487},[65,162113,15606],{"class":491},[65,162115,488],{"class":487},[65,162117,1352],{"class":79},[65,162119,162120],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162121,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162123,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162125,12779],{"class":71},[65,162127,76],{"class":75},[65,162129,8749],{"class":1259},[65,162131,151],{"class":79},[65,162133,63974],{"class":163},[65,162135,151],{"class":79},[65,162137,16499],{"class":147},[65,162139,87],{"class":79},[65,162141,3454],{"class":147},[65,162143,1028],{"class":79},[65,162145,162146,162148,162150,162152],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162147,164],{"class":163},[65,162149,151],{"class":79},[65,162151,16882],{"class":147},[65,162153,157],{"class":79},[20,162155,350],{},[56,162157,162159],{"className":58,"code":162158,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162160,162161],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162162,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162164,360],{"class":79},[65,162166,594],{"class":487},[65,162168,7241],{"class":491},[65,162170,594],{"class":487},[65,162172,191],{"class":79},[65,162174,603],{"class":487},[65,162176,12456],{"class":491},[65,162178,594],{"class":487},[65,162180,87],{"class":79},[65,162182,603],{"class":487},[65,162184,8877],{"class":491},[65,162186,594],{"class":487},[65,162188,191],{"class":79},[65,162190,8884],{"class":83},[65,162192,87],{"class":79},[65,162194,603],{"class":487},[65,162196,9986],{"class":491},[65,162198,594],{"class":487},[65,162200,191],{"class":79},[65,162202,603],{"class":487},[65,162204,15606],{"class":491},[65,162206,594],{"class":487},[65,162208,98],{"class":79},[20,162210,162211,162212,144],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[210,162213,30662],{"href":30661},[1286,162215,162217],{"id":162216},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162219,162220],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[56,162222,162224],{"className":58,"code":162223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162225,162226,162250,162266,162270,162288,162292,162306],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162227,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162229,4563],{"class":71},[65,162231,76],{"class":75},[65,162233,1339],{"class":79},[65,162235,488],{"class":487},[65,162237,12456],{"class":491},[65,162239,488],{"class":487},[65,162241,87],{"class":79},[65,162243,499],{"class":487},[65,162245,35520],{"class":491},[65,162247,488],{"class":487},[65,162249,1352],{"class":79},[65,162251,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162253,4632],{"class":71},[65,162255,76],{"class":75},[65,162257,1339],{"class":79},[65,162259,13076],{"class":83},[65,162261,87],{"class":79},[65,162263,13081],{"class":83},[65,162265,1352],{"class":79},[65,162267,162268],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162269,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162271,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162273,8794],{"class":71},[65,162275,76],{"class":75},[65,162277,161001],{"class":163},[65,162279,151],{"class":79},[65,162281,4607],{"class":147},[65,162283,87],{"class":79},[65,162285,4679],{"class":147},[65,162287,157],{"class":79},[65,162289,162290],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162291,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162293,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,162295,164],{"class":163},[65,162297,151],{"class":79},[65,162299,7669],{"class":1259},[65,162301,151],{"class":79},[65,162303,8841],{"class":147},[65,162305,1028],{"class":79},[65,162307,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,162309,164],{"class":163},[65,162311,151],{"class":79},[65,162313,7669],{"class":1259},[65,162315,151],{"class":79},[65,162317,8841],{"class":147},[65,162319,1028],{"class":79},[20,162321,350],{},[56,162323,162325],{"className":58,"code":162324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162326,162327,162357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162328,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162330,21315],{"class":79},[65,162332,594],{"class":487},[65,162334,12456],{"class":491},[65,162336,594],{"class":487},[65,162338,87],{"class":79},[65,162340,19473],{"class":83},[65,162342,8812],{"class":79},[65,162344,8815],{"class":79},[65,162346,594],{"class":487},[65,162348,35520],{"class":491},[65,162350,594],{"class":487},[65,162352,87],{"class":79},[65,162354,13081],{"class":83},[65,162356,8828],{"class":79},[65,162358,162359],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162360,37878],{"class":79},[20,162362,162363],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162365,162366,162367,144],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[210,162368,4705],{"href":5155},[51,162370,40628],{"id":40627},[20,162372,162373,162374,144],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162375,63904],{},[1286,162377,162379],{"id":162378},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[56,162381,162383],{"className":58,"code":162382,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162384,162385,162417,162437,162441,162465],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162386,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162388,4563],{"class":71},[65,162390,76],{"class":75},[65,162392,1339],{"class":79},[65,162394,488],{"class":487},[65,162396,12456],{"class":491},[65,162398,488],{"class":487},[65,162400,87],{"class":79},[65,162402,499],{"class":487},[65,162404,35520],{"class":491},[65,162406,488],{"class":487},[65,162408,87],{"class":79},[65,162410,499],{"class":487},[65,162412,35529],{"class":491},[65,162414,488],{"class":487},[65,162416,1352],{"class":79},[65,162418,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162420,4632],{"class":71},[65,162422,76],{"class":75},[65,162424,1339],{"class":79},[65,162426,13076],{"class":83},[65,162428,87],{"class":79},[65,162430,13081],{"class":83},[65,162432,87],{"class":79},[65,162434,28495],{"class":83},[65,162436,1352],{"class":79},[65,162438,162439],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162440,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162442,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162444,5527],{"class":3444},[65,162446,35571],{"class":71},[65,162448,87],{"class":79},[65,162450,4674],{"class":71},[65,162452,3451],{"class":3444},[65,162454,161001],{"class":163},[65,162456,151],{"class":79},[65,162458,4607],{"class":147},[65,162460,87],{"class":79},[65,162462,4679],{"class":147},[65,162464,7918],{"class":79},[65,162466,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162468,7644],{"class":163},[65,162470,151],{"class":79},[65,162472,21869],{"class":1632},[65,162474,488],{"class":491},[65,162476,360],{"class":83},[65,162478,7241],{"class":147},[65,162480,21878],{"class":83},[65,162482,21881],{"class":491},[65,162484,360],{"class":83},[65,162486,85101],{"class":147},[65,162488,21878],{"class":83},[65,162490,488],{"class":491},[65,162492,157],{"class":79},[1286,162494,162496],{"id":162495},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[56,162498,162500],{"className":58,"code":162499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162501,162502,162534,162558,162562,162584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162503,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162505,16817],{"class":71},[65,162507,76],{"class":75},[65,162509,1339],{"class":79},[65,162511,488],{"class":487},[65,162513,12225],{"class":491},[65,162515,488],{"class":487},[65,162517,87],{"class":79},[65,162519,499],{"class":487},[65,162521,7241],{"class":491},[65,162523,488],{"class":487},[65,162525,87],{"class":79},[65,162527,499],{"class":487},[65,162529,15396],{"class":491},[65,162531,488],{"class":487},[65,162533,1352],{"class":79},[65,162535,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162537,3389],{"class":71},[65,162539,76],{"class":75},[65,162541,1339],{"class":79},[65,162543,46176],{"class":83},[65,162545,87],{"class":79},[65,162547,499],{"class":487},[65,162549,12456],{"class":491},[65,162551,488],{"class":487},[65,162553,87],{"class":79},[65,162555,3485],{"class":3419},[65,162557,1352],{"class":79},[65,162559,162560],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162561,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162563,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162565,8744],{"class":71},[65,162567,76],{"class":75},[65,162569,8749],{"class":1259},[65,162571,151],{"class":79},[65,162573,63974],{"class":163},[65,162575,151],{"class":79},[65,162577,16499],{"class":147},[65,162579,87],{"class":79},[65,162581,3454],{"class":147},[65,162583,1028],{"class":79},[65,162585,162586,162588,162590,162592],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162587,164],{"class":163},[65,162589,151],{"class":79},[65,162591,8783],{"class":147},[65,162593,157],{"class":79},[1286,162595,162597],{"id":162596},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[56,162599,162601],{"className":58,"code":162600,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162602,162603,162623,162643,162647,162672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162604,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162606,1334],{"class":71},[65,162608,76],{"class":75},[65,162610,1339],{"class":79},[65,162612,1898],{"class":83},[65,162614,87],{"class":79},[65,162616,7364],{"class":83},[65,162618,87],{"class":79},[65,162620,7369],{"class":83},[65,162622,1352],{"class":79},[65,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162626,1357],{"class":71},[65,162628,76],{"class":75},[65,162630,1339],{"class":79},[65,162632,1898],{"class":83},[65,162634,87],{"class":79},[65,162636,8884],{"class":83},[65,162638,87],{"class":79},[65,162640,7369],{"class":83},[65,162642,1352],{"class":79},[65,162644,162645],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162646,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162648,162649,162651,162653,162655,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162650,5527],{"class":3444},[65,162652,141],{"class":71},[65,162654,87],{"class":79},[65,162656,162657],{"class":71}," b ",[65,162659,3451],{"class":3444},[65,162661,161001],{"class":163},[65,162663,151],{"class":79},[65,162665,1391],{"class":147},[65,162667,87],{"class":79},[65,162669,80304],{"class":147},[65,162671,7918],{"class":79},[65,162673,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162675,7644],{"class":163},[65,162677,151],{"class":79},[65,162679,72],{"class":147},[65,162681,4256],{"class":75},[65,162683,2126],{"class":147},[65,162685,157],{"class":79},[20,162687,350],{},[56,162689,162691],{"className":58,"code":162690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162692,162693,162697,162701],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162694,162695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162696,3549],{"class":3419},[65,162698,162699],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162700,3610],{"class":3419},[65,162702,162703],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162704,3549],{"class":3419},[1286,162706,162708],{"id":162707},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[56,162710,162712],{"className":58,"code":162711,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162713,162714,162749,162772,162776,162803],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162715,162716,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162736,162738,162740,162742,162745,162747],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162717,162718],{"class":71},"products ",[65,162720,76],{"class":75},[65,162722,1339],{"class":79},[65,162724,488],{"class":487},[65,162726,24716],{"class":491},[65,162728,488],{"class":487},[65,162730,87],{"class":79},[65,162732,499],{"class":487},[65,162734,162735],{"class":491},"Pen",[65,162737,488],{"class":487},[65,162739,87],{"class":79},[65,162741,499],{"class":487},[65,162743,162744],{"class":491},"Bag",[65,162746,488],{"class":487},[65,162748,1352],{"class":79},[65,162750,162751,162753,162755,162757,162760,162762,162765,162767,162770],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162752,82629],{"class":71},[65,162754,76],{"class":75},[65,162756,1339],{"class":79},[65,162758,162759],{"class":83},"12.5",[65,162761,87],{"class":79},[65,162763,162764],{"class":83}," 1.2",[65,162766,87],{"class":79},[65,162768,162769],{"class":83}," 25.0",[65,162771,1352],{"class":79},[65,162773,162774],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162775,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162777,162778,162780,162782,162784,162787,162789,162791,162793,162796,162798,162801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162779,5527],{"class":3444},[65,162781,24777],{"class":71},[65,162783,87],{"class":79},[65,162785,162786],{"class":71}," price ",[65,162788,3451],{"class":3444},[65,162790,161001],{"class":163},[65,162792,151],{"class":79},[65,162794,162795],{"class":147},"products",[65,162797,87],{"class":79},[65,162799,162800],{"class":147}," prices",[65,162802,7918],{"class":79},[65,162804,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162806,7644],{"class":163},[65,162808,151],{"class":79},[65,162810,21869],{"class":1632},[65,162812,488],{"class":491},[65,162814,360],{"class":83},[65,162816,26585],{"class":147},[65,162818,21878],{"class":83},[65,162820,162821],{"class":491}," costs $",[65,162823,360],{"class":83},[65,162825,24725],{"class":147},[65,162827,21878],{"class":83},[65,162829,488],{"class":491},[65,162831,157],{"class":79},[20,162833,36182,162834,144],{},[210,162835,162837],{"href":162836},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[51,162839,162841,162842],{"id":162840},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162843,63904],{},[1286,162845,8030,162847,162849],{"id":162846},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162848,63904],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162851,162852,162854],{},[15,162853,63904],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162856,162857],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[56,162859,162861],{"className":58,"code":162860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162862,162863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162864,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162866,164],{"class":163},[65,162868,151],{"class":79},[65,162870,10737],{"class":163},[65,162872,151],{"class":79},[65,162874,1391],{"class":147},[65,162876,8812],{"class":79},[65,162878,37967],{"class":163},[65,162880,151],{"class":79},[65,162882,1406],{"class":147},[65,162884,1028],{"class":79},[1286,162886,162888],{"id":162887},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162890,68420],{},[56,162892,162894],{"className":58,"code":162893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162895,162896,162932,162936,162949,162959,162963,162975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162897,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162899,8794],{"class":71},[65,162901,76],{"class":75},[65,162903,161001],{"class":163},[65,162905,2552],{"class":79},[65,162907,84],{"class":83},[65,162909,87],{"class":79},[65,162911,90],{"class":83},[65,162913,17637],{"class":79},[65,162915,1339],{"class":79},[65,162917,488],{"class":487},[65,162919,210],{"class":491},[65,162921,488],{"class":487},[65,162923,87],{"class":79},[65,162925,499],{"class":487},[65,162927,154],{"class":491},[65,162929,488],{"class":487},[65,162931,3457],{"class":79},[65,162933,162934],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,162935,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162937,162938,162940,162942,162944,162947],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,162939,5527],{"class":3444},[65,162941,5530],{"class":71},[65,162943,3451],{"class":3444},[65,162945,162946],{"class":71}," pairs",[65,162948,5963],{"class":79},[65,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162952,7644],{"class":163},[65,162954,151],{"class":79},[65,162956,22885],{"class":147},[65,162958,157],{"class":79},[65,162960,162961],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,162962,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973],{"class":67,"line":572},[65,162966,5527],{"class":3444},[65,162968,5530],{"class":71},[65,162970,3451],{"class":3444},[65,162972,162946],{"class":71},[65,162974,5963],{"class":79},[65,162976,162977,162979,162981,162983],{"class":67,"line":5985},[65,162978,7644],{"class":163},[65,162980,151],{"class":79},[65,162982,22885],{"class":147},[65,162984,157],{"class":79},[20,162986,162987],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1286,162989,162991],{"id":162990},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162993,162994],{},"This is correct:",[56,162996,162998],{"className":58,"code":162997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162999,163000,163024,163040,163044,163068],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163001,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163003,4563],{"class":71},[65,163005,76],{"class":75},[65,163007,1339],{"class":79},[65,163009,488],{"class":487},[65,163011,12456],{"class":491},[65,163013,488],{"class":487},[65,163015,87],{"class":79},[65,163017,499],{"class":487},[65,163019,35520],{"class":491},[65,163021,488],{"class":487},[65,163023,1352],{"class":79},[65,163025,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,163027,4632],{"class":71},[65,163029,76],{"class":75},[65,163031,1339],{"class":79},[65,163033,13076],{"class":83},[65,163035,87],{"class":79},[65,163037,13081],{"class":83},[65,163039,1352],{"class":79},[65,163041,163042],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,163043,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,163045,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163047,5527],{"class":3444},[65,163049,35571],{"class":71},[65,163051,87],{"class":79},[65,163053,4674],{"class":71},[65,163055,3451],{"class":3444},[65,163057,161001],{"class":163},[65,163059,151],{"class":79},[65,163061,4607],{"class":147},[65,163063,87],{"class":79},[65,163065,4679],{"class":147},[65,163067,7918],{"class":79},[65,163069,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":67,"line":160},[65,163071,7644],{"class":163},[65,163073,151],{"class":79},[65,163075,7241],{"class":147},[65,163077,87],{"class":79},[65,163079,130289],{"class":147},[65,163081,157],{"class":79},[20,163083,163084],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[56,163086,163088],{"className":58,"code":163087,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163089,163090,163110],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163091,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163093,5527],{"class":3444},[65,163095,5530],{"class":71},[65,163097,3451],{"class":3444},[65,163099,161001],{"class":163},[65,163101,151],{"class":79},[65,163103,4607],{"class":147},[65,163105,87],{"class":79},[65,163107,4679],{"class":147},[65,163109,7918],{"class":79},[65,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,163113,7644],{"class":163},[65,163115,151],{"class":79},[65,163117,22885],{"class":147},[65,163119,157],{"class":79},[20,163121,350],{},[56,163123,163125],{"className":58,"code":163124,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163126,163127,163143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163128,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163130,151],{"class":79},[65,163132,594],{"class":487},[65,163134,12456],{"class":491},[65,163136,594],{"class":487},[65,163138,87],{"class":79},[65,163140,19473],{"class":83},[65,163142,157],{"class":79},[65,163144,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,163146,151],{"class":79},[65,163148,594],{"class":487},[65,163150,35520],{"class":491},[65,163152,594],{"class":487},[65,163154,87],{"class":79},[65,163156,13081],{"class":83},[65,163158,157],{"class":79},[20,163160,163161],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1286,163163,7994,163165,163167,163168],{"id":163164},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163166,63904],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163169,35328],{},[20,163171,1660,163172,163174],{},[15,163173,63904],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163176,1660,163177,163179],{},[15,163178,35328],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[56,163181,163182],{"className":58,"code":35497,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,163183,163184,163216,163220,163240],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163185,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163187,4563],{"class":71},[65,163189,76],{"class":75},[65,163191,1339],{"class":79},[65,163193,488],{"class":487},[65,163195,12456],{"class":491},[65,163197,488],{"class":487},[65,163199,87],{"class":79},[65,163201,499],{"class":487},[65,163203,35520],{"class":491},[65,163205,488],{"class":487},[65,163207,87],{"class":79},[65,163209,499],{"class":487},[65,163211,35529],{"class":491},[65,163213,488],{"class":487},[65,163215,1352],{"class":79},[65,163217,163218],{"class":67,"line":101},[65,163219,130],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":129},[65,163221,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238],{"class":67,"line":126},[65,163223,5527],{"class":3444},[65,163225,35400],{"class":71},[65,163227,87],{"class":79},[65,163229,35548],{"class":71},[65,163231,3451],{"class":3444},[65,163233,35410],{"class":163},[65,163235,151],{"class":79},[65,163237,4607],{"class":147},[65,163239,7918],{"class":79},[65,163241,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163243,7644],{"class":163},[65,163245,151],{"class":79},[65,163247,35425],{"class":147},[65,163249,87],{"class":79},[65,163251,35571],{"class":147},[65,163253,157],{"class":79},[20,163255,163256,163257,144],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[210,163258,3143,163259,3076],{"href":91604},[15,163260,35328],{},[51,163262,1284],{"id":1283},[1286,163264,4711,163266,4714],{"id":163265},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163267,63904],{},[20,163269,163270],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1286,163272,1289,163274,163276],{"id":163273},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163275,63904],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163278,163279],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1286,163281,163283,163284,1304],{"id":163282},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163285,63904],{},[20,163287,163288,163289,144],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163290,161896],{},[1286,163292,163294,163295,1304],{"id":163293},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163296,63904],{},[20,163298,127654,163299,163301],{},[15,163300,162049],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1286,163303,163305],{"id":163304},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163307,163308],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[51,163310,1455],{"id":1454},[33,163312,163313,163318,163324,163328,163332],{},[36,163314,163315],{},[210,163316,163317],{"href":162836},"How to use zip in Python",[36,163319,163320],{},[210,163321,3143,163322,3076],{"href":91604},[15,163323,35328],{},[36,163325,163326],{},[210,163327,4785],{"href":5155},[36,163329,163330],{},[210,163331,69273],{"href":69196},[36,163333,163334],{},[210,163335,31836],{"href":30661},[1499,163337,163338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":163340},[163341,163342,163344,163345,163346,163347,163355,163361,163370,163381],{"id":1569,"depth":101,"text":1570},{"id":161060,"depth":101,"text":163343},"What zip() does",{"id":221,"depth":101,"text":222},{"id":161453,"depth":101,"text":161454},{"id":161630,"depth":101,"text":161631},{"id":161882,"depth":101,"text":163348,"children":163349},"Converting zip() output",[163350,163352,163354],{"id":161893,"depth":126,"text":163351},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162046,"depth":126,"text":163353},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162216,"depth":126,"text":162217},{"id":40627,"depth":101,"text":40628,"children":163356},[163357,163358,163359,163360],{"id":162378,"depth":126,"text":162379},{"id":162495,"depth":126,"text":162496},{"id":162596,"depth":126,"text":162597},{"id":162707,"depth":126,"text":162708},{"id":162840,"depth":101,"text":163362,"children":163363},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163364,163366,163367,163368],{"id":162846,"depth":126,"text":163365},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162887,"depth":126,"text":162888},{"id":162990,"depth":126,"text":162991},{"id":163164,"depth":126,"text":163369},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1283,"depth":101,"text":1284,"children":163371},[163372,163374,163376,163378,163380],{"id":163265,"depth":126,"text":163373},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163273,"depth":126,"text":163375},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163282,"depth":126,"text":163377},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163293,"depth":126,"text":163379},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163304,"depth":126,"text":163305},{"id":1454,"depth":101,"text":1455},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160902,"description":163382},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854640]