[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164062},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method":3,"nav-reference":2255},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2248,"extension":2249,"meta":2250,"navigation":125,"path":2251,"seo":2252,"stem":2253,"__hash__":2254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2207},"minimark",[9,19,25,28,46,51,175,181,188,193,207,210,218,222,252,255,266,269,342,346,353,356,366,369,460,466,469,477,480,484,487,615,618,690,693,713,720,723,841,843,872,875,881,886,891,978,980,1008,1015,1019,1119,1121,1162,1166,1169,1237,1239,1281,1288,1305,1314,1321,1325,1331,1417,1422,1430,1501,1507,1517,1521,1528,1531,1596,1599,1616,1622,1625,1694,1698,1701,1762,1765,1769,1825,1840,1843,1898,1902,1905,1938,1941,1946,2000,2004,2007,2029,2044,2047,2106,2110,2117,2120,2127,2130,2137,2143,2147,2150,2160,2169,2173,2203],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-setunion-method","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"set.union()"," Method",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,26,27],{},"It is useful when you want:",[29,30,31,35,43],"ul",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[32,36,37,38,42],{},"a ",[39,40,41],"strong",{},"new set"," as the result",[32,44,45],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[47,48,50],"h2",{"id":49},"quick-example","Quick example",[52,53,58],"pre",{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n","python","",[15,59,60,95,120,127,154,168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62,65,69,73,77,81,84,87,89,92],"span",{"class":63,"line":64},"line",1,[61,66,68],{"class":67},"su5hD","set1 ",[61,70,72],{"class":71},"smGrS","=",[61,74,76],{"class":75},"sP7_E"," {",[61,78,80],{"class":79},"srdBf","1",[61,82,83],{"class":75},",",[61,85,86],{"class":79}," 2",[61,88,83],{"class":75},[61,90,91],{"class":79}," 3",[61,93,94],{"class":75},"}\n",[61,96,98,101,103,105,108,110,113,115,118],{"class":63,"line":97},2,[61,99,100],{"class":67},"set2 ",[61,102,72],{"class":71},[61,104,76],{"class":75},[61,106,107],{"class":79},"3",[61,109,83],{"class":75},[61,111,112],{"class":79}," 4",[61,114,83],{"class":75},[61,116,117],{"class":79}," 5",[61,119,94],{"class":75},[61,121,123],{"class":63,"line":122},3,[61,124,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},true,"\n",[61,128,130,133,135,138,141,145,148,151],{"class":63,"line":129},4,[61,131,132],{"class":67},"result ",[61,134,72],{"class":71},[61,136,137],{"class":67}," set1",[61,139,140],{"class":75},".",[61,142,144],{"class":143},"slqww","union",[61,146,147],{"class":75},"(",[61,149,150],{"class":143},"set2",[61,152,153],{"class":75},")\n",[61,155,157,161,163,166],{"class":63,"line":156},5,[61,158,160],{"class":159},"sptTA","print",[61,162,147],{"class":75},[61,164,165],{"class":143},"result",[61,167,153],{"class":75},[61,169,171],{"class":63,"line":170},6,[61,172,174],{"class":173},"sutJx","# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,176,177,180],{},[15,178,179],{},"union()"," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[47,182,184,185,187],{"id":183},"what-setunion-does","What ",[15,186,17],{}," does",[20,189,190,192],{},[15,191,17],{},":",[29,194,195,198,201,204],{},[32,196,197],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[32,199,200],{},"keeps only unique values",[32,202,203],{},"returns a new set",[32,205,206],{},"does not change the original set",[20,208,209],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,211,212,213,140],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[214,215,217],"a",{"href":216},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained",[47,219,221],{"id":220},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[52,223,225],{"className":54,"code":224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,226,227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,228,229,232,234,236,238,240,242,245,247,250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,230,231],{"class":67},"set1",[61,233,140],{"class":75},[61,235,144],{"class":143},[61,237,147],{"class":75},[61,239,150],{"class":143},[61,241,83],{"class":75},[61,243,244],{"class":143}," set3",[61,246,83],{"class":75},[61,248,249],{"class":159}," ...",[61,251,153],{"class":75},[20,253,254],{},"Key points:",[29,256,257,260,263],{},[32,258,259],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[32,261,262],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[32,264,265],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,267,268],{},"Example with two sets:",[52,270,272],{"className":54,"code":271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,273,274,290,308,312,332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,275,276,278,280,282,284,286,288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,277,37],{"class":67},[61,279,72],{"class":71},[61,281,76],{"class":75},[61,283,80],{"class":79},[61,285,83],{"class":75},[61,287,86],{"class":79},[61,289,94],{"class":75},[61,291,292,295,297,299,302,304,306],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,293,294],{"class":67},"b ",[61,296,72],{"class":71},[61,298,76],{"class":75},[61,300,301],{"class":79},"2",[61,303,83],{"class":75},[61,305,91],{"class":79},[61,307,94],{"class":75},[61,309,310],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,311,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,313,314,316,318,321,323,325,327,330],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,315,132],{"class":67},[61,317,72],{"class":71},[61,319,320],{"class":67}," a",[61,322,140],{"class":75},[61,324,144],{"class":143},[61,326,147],{"class":75},[61,328,329],{"class":143},"b",[61,331,153],{"class":75},[61,333,334,336,338,340],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,335,160],{"class":159},[61,337,147],{"class":75},[61,339,165],{"class":143},[61,341,153],{"class":75},[47,343,345],{"id":344},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,347,348,350,351,140],{},[15,349,17],{}," always returns a ",[39,352,41],{},[20,354,355],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[29,357,358,361],{},[32,359,360],{},"the original set",[32,362,363,364],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,365,179],{},[20,367,368],{},"Example:",[52,370,372],{"className":54,"code":371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,373,374,390,406,410,428,432,446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,375,376,378,380,382,384,386,388],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,377,37],{"class":67},[61,379,72],{"class":71},[61,381,76],{"class":75},[61,383,80],{"class":79},[61,385,83],{"class":75},[61,387,86],{"class":79},[61,389,94],{"class":75},[61,391,392,394,396,398,400,402,404],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,393,294],{"class":67},[61,395,72],{"class":71},[61,397,76],{"class":75},[61,399,301],{"class":79},[61,401,83],{"class":75},[61,403,91],{"class":79},[61,405,94],{"class":75},[61,407,408],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,409,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,411,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,413,132],{"class":67},[61,415,72],{"class":71},[61,417,320],{"class":67},[61,419,140],{"class":75},[61,421,144],{"class":143},[61,423,147],{"class":75},[61,425,329],{"class":143},[61,427,153],{"class":75},[61,429,430],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,431,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,433,434,436,438,440,443],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,435,160],{"class":159},[61,437,147],{"class":75},[61,439,165],{"class":143},[61,441,442],{"class":75},")",[61,444,445],{"class":173},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,447,449,451,453,455,457],{"class":63,"line":448},7,[61,450,160],{"class":159},[61,452,147],{"class":75},[61,454,214],{"class":143},[61,456,442],{"class":75},[61,458,459],{"class":173},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,461,462,463,465],{},"Notice that ",[15,464,214],{}," did not change.",[20,467,468],{},"Also remember:",[29,470,471,474],{},[32,472,473],{},"sets are unordered",[32,475,476],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,478,479],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[47,481,483],{"id":482},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,485,486],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[52,488,490],{"className":54,"code":489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,491,492,532,566,570,590,594,604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,493,494,497,499,501,505,509,511,513,516,519,521,523,525,528,530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,495,496],{"class":67},"fruits1 ",[61,498,72],{"class":71},[61,500,76],{"class":75},[61,502,504],{"class":503},"sjJ54","\"",[61,506,508],{"class":507},"s_sjI","apple",[61,510,504],{"class":503},[61,512,83],{"class":75},[61,514,515],{"class":503}," \"",[61,517,518],{"class":507},"banana",[61,520,504],{"class":503},[61,522,83],{"class":75},[61,524,515],{"class":503},[61,526,527],{"class":507},"orange",[61,529,504],{"class":503},[61,531,94],{"class":75},[61,533,534,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,554,556,558,560,562,564],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,535,536],{"class":67},"fruits2 ",[61,538,72],{"class":71},[61,540,76],{"class":75},[61,542,504],{"class":503},[61,544,518],{"class":507},[61,546,504],{"class":503},[61,548,83],{"class":75},[61,550,515],{"class":503},[61,552,553],{"class":507},"grape",[61,555,504],{"class":503},[61,557,83],{"class":75},[61,559,515],{"class":503},[61,561,527],{"class":507},[61,563,504],{"class":503},[61,565,94],{"class":75},[61,567,568],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,569,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,571,572,574,576,579,581,583,585,588],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,573,132],{"class":67},[61,575,72],{"class":71},[61,577,578],{"class":67}," fruits1",[61,580,140],{"class":75},[61,582,144],{"class":143},[61,584,147],{"class":75},[61,586,587],{"class":143},"fruits2",[61,589,153],{"class":75},[61,591,592],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,593,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,595,596,598,600,602],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,597,160],{"class":159},[61,599,147],{"class":75},[61,601,165],{"class":143},[61,603,153],{"class":75},[61,605,606,608,610,613],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,607,160],{"class":159},[61,609,147],{"class":75},[61,611,612],{"class":143},"fruits1",[61,614,153],{"class":75},[20,616,617],{},"Possible output:",[52,619,621],{"className":54,"code":620,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,622,623,662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,624,625,628,631,633,635,637,640,642,644,646,648,650,652,654,656,658,660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,626,627],{"class":75},"{",[61,629,630],{"class":503},"'",[61,632,518],{"class":507},[61,634,630],{"class":503},[61,636,83],{"class":75},[61,638,639],{"class":503}," '",[61,641,527],{"class":507},[61,643,630],{"class":503},[61,645,83],{"class":75},[61,647,639],{"class":503},[61,649,508],{"class":507},[61,651,630],{"class":503},[61,653,83],{"class":75},[61,655,639],{"class":503},[61,657,553],{"class":507},[61,659,630],{"class":503},[61,661,94],{"class":75},[61,663,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,665,627],{"class":75},[61,667,630],{"class":503},[61,669,518],{"class":507},[61,671,630],{"class":503},[61,673,83],{"class":75},[61,675,639],{"class":503},[61,677,527],{"class":507},[61,679,630],{"class":503},[61,681,83],{"class":75},[61,683,639],{"class":503},[61,685,508],{"class":507},[61,687,630],{"class":503},[61,689,94],{"class":75},[20,691,692],{},"What this shows:",[29,694,695,705,708],{},[32,696,697,700,701,704],{},[15,698,699],{},"\"banana\""," and ",[15,702,703],{},"\"orange\""," appear in both sets",[32,706,707],{},"they appear only once in the result",[32,709,710,712],{},[15,711,612],{}," stays unchanged",[47,714,716,717,719],{"id":715},"using-union-with-multiple-sets","Using ",[15,718,179],{}," with multiple sets",[20,721,722],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[52,724,726],{"className":54,"code":725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,727,728,744,760,777,795,799,826,830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,729,730,732,734,736,738,740,742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,731,68],{"class":67},[61,733,72],{"class":71},[61,735,76],{"class":75},[61,737,80],{"class":79},[61,739,83],{"class":75},[61,741,86],{"class":79},[61,743,94],{"class":75},[61,745,746,748,750,752,754,756,758],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,747,100],{"class":67},[61,749,72],{"class":71},[61,751,76],{"class":75},[61,753,301],{"class":79},[61,755,83],{"class":75},[61,757,91],{"class":79},[61,759,94],{"class":75},[61,761,762,765,767,769,771,773,775],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,763,764],{"class":67},"set3 ",[61,766,72],{"class":71},[61,768,76],{"class":75},[61,770,107],{"class":79},[61,772,83],{"class":75},[61,774,112],{"class":79},[61,776,94],{"class":75},[61,778,779,782,784,786,789,791,793],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,780,781],{"class":67},"set4 ",[61,783,72],{"class":71},[61,785,76],{"class":75},[61,787,788],{"class":79},"4",[61,790,83],{"class":75},[61,792,117],{"class":79},[61,794,94],{"class":75},[61,796,797],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,798,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,800,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821,824],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,802,132],{"class":67},[61,804,72],{"class":71},[61,806,137],{"class":67},[61,808,140],{"class":75},[61,810,144],{"class":143},[61,812,147],{"class":75},[61,814,150],{"class":143},[61,816,83],{"class":75},[61,818,244],{"class":143},[61,820,83],{"class":75},[61,822,823],{"class":143}," set4",[61,825,153],{"class":75},[61,827,828],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,829,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,831,833,835,837,839],{"class":63,"line":832},8,[61,834,160],{"class":159},[61,836,147],{"class":75},[61,838,165],{"class":143},[61,840,153],{"class":75},[20,842,617],{},[52,844,846],{"className":54,"code":845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,847,848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,849,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,851,627],{"class":75},[61,853,80],{"class":79},[61,855,83],{"class":75},[61,857,86],{"class":79},[61,859,83],{"class":75},[61,861,91],{"class":79},[61,863,83],{"class":75},[61,865,112],{"class":79},[61,867,83],{"class":75},[61,869,117],{"class":79},[61,871,94],{"class":75},[20,873,874],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[47,876,716,878,880],{"id":877},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,879,179],{}," with other iterables",[20,882,883,885],{},[15,884,179],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[887,888,890],"h3",{"id":889},"with-a-list","With a list",[52,892,894],{"className":54,"code":893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,895,896,917,944,948,968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,897,898,901,903,905,907,909,911,913,915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,899,900],{"class":67},"numbers ",[61,902,72],{"class":71},[61,904,76],{"class":75},[61,906,80],{"class":79},[61,908,83],{"class":75},[61,910,86],{"class":79},[61,912,83],{"class":75},[61,914,91],{"class":79},[61,916,94],{"class":75},[61,918,919,922,924,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,920,921],{"class":67},"more_numbers ",[61,923,72],{"class":71},[61,925,926],{"class":75}," [",[61,928,107],{"class":79},[61,930,83],{"class":75},[61,932,112],{"class":79},[61,934,83],{"class":75},[61,936,117],{"class":79},[61,938,83],{"class":75},[61,940,117],{"class":79},[61,942,943],{"class":75},"]\n",[61,945,946],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,947,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,949,950,952,954,957,959,961,963,966],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,951,132],{"class":67},[61,953,72],{"class":71},[61,955,956],{"class":67}," numbers",[61,958,140],{"class":75},[61,960,144],{"class":143},[61,962,147],{"class":75},[61,964,965],{"class":143},"more_numbers",[61,967,153],{"class":75},[61,969,970,972,974,976],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,971,160],{"class":159},[61,973,147],{"class":75},[61,975,165],{"class":143},[61,977,153],{"class":75},[20,979,617],{},[52,981,982],{"className":54,"code":845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,983,984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,985,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,987,627],{"class":75},[61,989,80],{"class":79},[61,991,83],{"class":75},[61,993,86],{"class":79},[61,995,83],{"class":75},[61,997,91],{"class":79},[61,999,83],{"class":75},[61,1001,112],{"class":79},[61,1003,83],{"class":75},[61,1005,117],{"class":79},[61,1007,94],{"class":75},[20,1009,1010,1011,1014],{},"Even though ",[15,1012,1013],{},"5"," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[887,1016,1018],{"id":1017},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[52,1020,1022],{"className":54,"code":1021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1023,1024,1049,1085,1089,1109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1025,1026,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1027,1028],{"class":67},"letters ",[61,1030,72],{"class":71},[61,1032,76],{"class":75},[61,1034,504],{"class":503},[61,1036,214],{"class":507},[61,1038,504],{"class":503},[61,1040,83],{"class":75},[61,1042,515],{"class":503},[61,1044,329],{"class":507},[61,1046,504],{"class":503},[61,1048,94],{"class":75},[61,1050,1051,1054,1056,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1072,1074,1076,1078,1081,1083],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1052,1053],{"class":67},"more_letters ",[61,1055,72],{"class":71},[61,1057,1058],{"class":75}," (",[61,1060,504],{"class":503},[61,1062,329],{"class":507},[61,1064,504],{"class":503},[61,1066,83],{"class":75},[61,1068,515],{"class":503},[61,1070,1071],{"class":507},"c",[61,1073,504],{"class":503},[61,1075,83],{"class":75},[61,1077,515],{"class":503},[61,1079,1080],{"class":507},"d",[61,1082,504],{"class":503},[61,1084,153],{"class":75},[61,1086,1087],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1088,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1090,1091,1093,1095,1098,1100,1102,1104,1107],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1092,132],{"class":67},[61,1094,72],{"class":71},[61,1096,1097],{"class":67}," letters",[61,1099,140],{"class":75},[61,1101,144],{"class":143},[61,1103,147],{"class":75},[61,1105,1106],{"class":143},"more_letters",[61,1108,153],{"class":75},[61,1110,1111,1113,1115,1117],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,1112,160],{"class":159},[61,1114,147],{"class":75},[61,1116,165],{"class":143},[61,1118,153],{"class":75},[20,1120,617],{},[52,1122,1124],{"className":54,"code":1123,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,1125,1126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1129,627],{"class":75},[61,1131,630],{"class":503},[61,1133,214],{"class":507},[61,1135,630],{"class":503},[61,1137,83],{"class":75},[61,1139,639],{"class":503},[61,1141,329],{"class":507},[61,1143,630],{"class":503},[61,1145,83],{"class":75},[61,1147,639],{"class":503},[61,1149,1071],{"class":507},[61,1151,630],{"class":503},[61,1153,83],{"class":75},[61,1155,639],{"class":503},[61,1157,1080],{"class":507},[61,1159,630],{"class":503},[61,1161,94],{"class":75},[887,1163,1165],{"id":1164},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,1167,1168],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[52,1170,1172],{"className":54,"code":1171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1173,1174,1199,1223,1227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1175,1176,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1177,1178],{"class":67},"chars ",[61,1180,72],{"class":71},[61,1182,76],{"class":75},[61,1184,504],{"class":503},[61,1186,214],{"class":507},[61,1188,504],{"class":503},[61,1190,83],{"class":75},[61,1192,515],{"class":503},[61,1194,329],{"class":507},[61,1196,504],{"class":503},[61,1198,94],{"class":75},[61,1200,1201,1203,1205,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1219,1221],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1202,132],{"class":67},[61,1204,72],{"class":71},[61,1206,1207],{"class":67}," chars",[61,1209,140],{"class":75},[61,1211,144],{"class":143},[61,1213,147],{"class":75},[61,1215,504],{"class":503},[61,1217,1218],{"class":507},"cat",[61,1220,504],{"class":503},[61,1222,153],{"class":75},[61,1224,1225],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1226,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1228,1229,1231,1233,1235],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1230,160],{"class":159},[61,1232,147],{"class":75},[61,1234,165],{"class":143},[61,1236,153],{"class":75},[20,1238,617],{},[52,1240,1242],{"className":54,"code":1241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,1243,1244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1245,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1277,1279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1247,627],{"class":75},[61,1249,630],{"class":503},[61,1251,214],{"class":507},[61,1253,630],{"class":503},[61,1255,83],{"class":75},[61,1257,639],{"class":503},[61,1259,329],{"class":507},[61,1261,630],{"class":503},[61,1263,83],{"class":75},[61,1265,639],{"class":503},[61,1267,1071],{"class":507},[61,1269,630],{"class":503},[61,1271,83],{"class":75},[61,1273,639],{"class":503},[61,1275,1276],{"class":507},"t",[61,1278,630],{"class":503},[61,1280,94],{"class":75},[20,1282,1283,1284,1287],{},"This happens because ",[15,1285,1286],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[29,1289,1290,1295,1300],{},[32,1291,1292],{},[15,1293,1294],{},"\"c\"",[32,1296,1297],{},[15,1298,1299],{},"\"a\"",[32,1301,1302],{},[15,1303,1304],{},"\"t\"",[47,1306,1308,1310,1311],{"id":1307},"union-vs-update",[15,1309,179],{}," vs ",[15,1312,1313],{},"update()",[20,1315,1316,700,1318,1320],{},[15,1317,179],{},[15,1319,1313],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[887,1322,1323],{"id":144},[15,1324,179],{},[29,1326,1327,1329],{},[32,1328,203],{},[32,1330,206],{},[52,1332,1333],{"className":54,"code":371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,1334,1335,1351,1367,1371,1389,1393,1405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1336,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1338,37],{"class":67},[61,1340,72],{"class":71},[61,1342,76],{"class":75},[61,1344,80],{"class":79},[61,1346,83],{"class":75},[61,1348,86],{"class":79},[61,1350,94],{"class":75},[61,1352,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1354,294],{"class":67},[61,1356,72],{"class":71},[61,1358,76],{"class":75},[61,1360,301],{"class":79},[61,1362,83],{"class":75},[61,1364,91],{"class":79},[61,1366,94],{"class":75},[61,1368,1369],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1370,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1372,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1374,132],{"class":67},[61,1376,72],{"class":71},[61,1378,320],{"class":67},[61,1380,140],{"class":75},[61,1382,144],{"class":143},[61,1384,147],{"class":75},[61,1386,329],{"class":143},[61,1388,153],{"class":75},[61,1390,1391],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,1392,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1394,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,1396,160],{"class":159},[61,1398,147],{"class":75},[61,1400,165],{"class":143},[61,1402,442],{"class":75},[61,1404,445],{"class":173},[61,1406,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,1408,160],{"class":159},[61,1410,147],{"class":75},[61,1412,214],{"class":143},[61,1414,442],{"class":75},[61,1416,459],{"class":173},[887,1418,1420],{"id":1419},"update",[15,1421,1313],{},[29,1423,1424,1427],{},[32,1425,1426],{},"changes the existing set in place",[32,1428,1429],{},"does not create a separate result set",[52,1431,1433],{"className":54,"code":1432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,1434,1435,1451,1467,1471,1485,1489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1438,37],{"class":67},[61,1440,72],{"class":71},[61,1442,76],{"class":75},[61,1444,80],{"class":79},[61,1446,83],{"class":75},[61,1448,86],{"class":79},[61,1450,94],{"class":75},[61,1452,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1454,294],{"class":67},[61,1456,72],{"class":71},[61,1458,76],{"class":75},[61,1460,301],{"class":79},[61,1462,83],{"class":75},[61,1464,91],{"class":79},[61,1466,94],{"class":75},[61,1468,1469],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1470,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1472,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1474,214],{"class":67},[61,1476,140],{"class":75},[61,1478,1419],{"class":143},[61,1480,147],{"class":75},[61,1482,329],{"class":143},[61,1484,153],{"class":75},[61,1486,1487],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,1488,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1490,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,1492,160],{"class":159},[61,1494,147],{"class":75},[61,1496,214],{"class":143},[61,1498,442],{"class":75},[61,1500,445],{"class":173},[20,1502,1503,1504,1506],{},"Use ",[15,1505,179],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,1508,1509,1510,140],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[214,1511,13,1513,1516],{"href":1512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,1514,1515],{},"set.update()"," method",[47,1518,1520],{"id":1519},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[887,1522,1524,1525,1527],{"id":1523},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set","Expecting ",[15,1526,179],{}," to change the original set",[20,1529,1530],{},"This is very common:",[52,1532,1534],{"className":54,"code":1533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,1535,1536,1552,1568,1572,1586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1537,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1539,37],{"class":67},[61,1541,72],{"class":71},[61,1543,76],{"class":75},[61,1545,80],{"class":79},[61,1547,83],{"class":75},[61,1549,86],{"class":79},[61,1551,94],{"class":75},[61,1553,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1555,294],{"class":67},[61,1557,72],{"class":71},[61,1559,76],{"class":75},[61,1561,301],{"class":79},[61,1563,83],{"class":75},[61,1565,91],{"class":79},[61,1567,94],{"class":75},[61,1569,1570],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1571,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1573,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1575,214],{"class":67},[61,1577,140],{"class":75},[61,1579,144],{"class":143},[61,1581,147],{"class":75},[61,1583,329],{"class":143},[61,1585,153],{"class":75},[61,1587,1588,1590,1592,1594],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,1589,160],{"class":159},[61,1591,147],{"class":75},[61,1593,214],{"class":143},[61,1595,153],{"class":75},[20,1597,1598],{},"Output:",[52,1600,1602],{"className":54,"code":1601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n",[15,1603,1604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1605,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1607,627],{"class":75},[61,1609,80],{"class":79},[61,1611,83],{"class":75},[61,1613,86],{"class":79},[61,1615,94],{"class":75},[20,1617,1618,1619,1621],{},"Why? Because ",[15,1620,179],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,1623,1624],{},"Fix it like this:",[52,1626,1628],{"className":54,"code":1627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,1629,1630,1646,1662,1666,1684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1631,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1633,37],{"class":67},[61,1635,72],{"class":71},[61,1637,76],{"class":75},[61,1639,80],{"class":79},[61,1641,83],{"class":75},[61,1643,86],{"class":79},[61,1645,94],{"class":75},[61,1647,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1649,294],{"class":67},[61,1651,72],{"class":71},[61,1653,76],{"class":75},[61,1655,301],{"class":79},[61,1657,83],{"class":75},[61,1659,91],{"class":79},[61,1661,94],{"class":75},[61,1663,1664],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1665,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1667,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1669,37],{"class":67},[61,1671,72],{"class":71},[61,1673,320],{"class":67},[61,1675,140],{"class":75},[61,1677,144],{"class":143},[61,1679,147],{"class":75},[61,1681,329],{"class":143},[61,1683,153],{"class":75},[61,1685,1686,1688,1690,1692],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,1687,160],{"class":159},[61,1689,147],{"class":75},[61,1691,214],{"class":143},[61,1693,153],{"class":75},[887,1695,1697],{"id":1696},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,1699,1700],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[52,1702,1704],{"className":54,"code":1703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,1705,1706,1723,1739,1743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1707,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1709,37],{"class":67},[61,1711,72],{"class":71},[61,1713,76],{"class":75},[61,1715,107],{"class":79},[61,1717,83],{"class":75},[61,1719,1720],{"class":79}," 1",[61,1722,94],{"class":75},[61,1724,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1726,294],{"class":67},[61,1728,72],{"class":71},[61,1730,76],{"class":75},[61,1732,301],{"class":79},[61,1734,83],{"class":75},[61,1736,112],{"class":79},[61,1738,94],{"class":75},[61,1740,1741],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1742,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,1744,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,1746,160],{"class":159},[61,1748,147],{"class":75},[61,1750,214],{"class":143},[61,1752,140],{"class":75},[61,1754,144],{"class":143},[61,1756,147],{"class":75},[61,1758,329],{"class":143},[61,1760,1761],{"class":75},"))\n",[20,1763,1764],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[887,1766,1768],{"id":1767},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[52,1770,1772],{"className":54,"code":1771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,1773,1774,1792,1815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1775,1776,1779,1781,1783,1785,1788,1790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1777,1778],{"class":67},"words ",[61,1780,72],{"class":71},[61,1782,76],{"class":75},[61,1784,504],{"class":503},[61,1786,1787],{"class":507},"dog",[61,1789,504],{"class":503},[61,1791,94],{"class":75},[61,1793,1794,1796,1798,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1795,132],{"class":67},[61,1797,72],{"class":71},[61,1799,1800],{"class":67}," words",[61,1802,140],{"class":75},[61,1804,144],{"class":143},[61,1806,147],{"class":75},[61,1808,504],{"class":503},[61,1810,1218],{"class":507},[61,1812,504],{"class":503},[61,1814,153],{"class":75},[61,1816,1817,1819,1821,1823],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1818,160],{"class":159},[61,1820,147],{"class":75},[61,1822,165],{"class":143},[61,1824,153],{"class":75},[20,1826,1827,1828,1830,1831,1833,1834,1836,1837,1839],{},"This adds ",[15,1829,1294],{},", ",[15,1832,1299],{},", and ",[15,1835,1304],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,1838,1286],{}," as one item.",[20,1841,1842],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[52,1844,1846],{"className":54,"code":1845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,1847,1848,1864,1888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1849,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860,1862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1851,1778],{"class":67},[61,1853,72],{"class":71},[61,1855,76],{"class":75},[61,1857,504],{"class":503},[61,1859,1787],{"class":507},[61,1861,504],{"class":503},[61,1863,94],{"class":75},[61,1865,1866,1868,1870,1872,1874,1876,1879,1881,1883,1885],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1867,132],{"class":67},[61,1869,72],{"class":71},[61,1871,1800],{"class":67},[61,1873,140],{"class":75},[61,1875,144],{"class":143},[61,1877,1878],{"class":75},"([",[61,1880,504],{"class":503},[61,1882,1218],{"class":507},[61,1884,504],{"class":503},[61,1886,1887],{"class":75},"])\n",[61,1889,1890,1892,1894,1896],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1891,160],{"class":159},[61,1893,147],{"class":75},[61,1895,165],{"class":143},[61,1897,153],{"class":75},[887,1899,1901],{"id":1900},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,1903,1904],{},"This causes an error:",[52,1906,1908],{"className":54,"code":1907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,1909,1910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1911,1912,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1913,1914],{"class":67},"my_set ",[61,1916,72],{"class":71},[61,1918,76],{"class":75},[61,1920,80],{"class":79},[61,1922,83],{"class":75},[61,1924,86],{"class":79},[61,1926,83],{"class":75},[61,1928,926],{"class":75},[61,1930,107],{"class":79},[61,1932,83],{"class":75},[61,1934,112],{"class":79},[61,1936,1937],{"class":75},"]}\n",[20,1939,1940],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,1942,1943,1944,192],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,1945,179],{},[52,1947,1949],{"className":54,"code":1948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,1950,1951,1967,1990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1952,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1954,1914],{"class":67},[61,1956,72],{"class":71},[61,1958,76],{"class":75},[61,1960,80],{"class":79},[61,1962,83],{"class":75},[61,1964,86],{"class":79},[61,1966,94],{"class":75},[61,1968,1969,1971,1973,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1970,132],{"class":67},[61,1972,72],{"class":71},[61,1974,1975],{"class":67}," my_set",[61,1977,140],{"class":75},[61,1979,144],{"class":143},[61,1981,1878],{"class":75},[61,1983,107],{"class":79},[61,1985,83],{"class":75},[61,1987,112],{"class":79},[61,1989,1887],{"class":75},[61,1991,1992,1994,1996,1998],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,1993,160],{"class":159},[61,1995,147],{"class":75},[61,1997,165],{"class":143},[61,1999,153],{"class":75},[47,2001,2003],{"id":2002},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,2005,2006],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[29,2008,2009,2015,2023,2026],{},[32,2010,2011,2012,2014],{},"call ",[15,2013,179],{}," without saving the returned set",[32,2016,2017,2018,2020,2021],{},"confuse ",[15,2019,179],{}," with ",[15,2022,1313],{},[32,2024,2025],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[32,2027,2028],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,2030,2031,2032,700,2038,140],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[214,2033,13,2035,1516],{"href":2034},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,2036,2037],{},"set.intersection()",[214,2039,13,2041,1516],{"href":2040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,2042,2043],{},"set.difference()",[20,2045,2046],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[52,2048,2050],{"className":54,"code":2049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,2051,2052,2063,2079,2089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2053,2054,2056,2058,2061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2055,160],{"class":159},[61,2057,147],{"class":75},[61,2059,2060],{"class":143},"my_set",[61,2062,153],{"class":75},[61,2064,2065,2067,2069,2073,2075,2077],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2066,160],{"class":159},[61,2068,147],{"class":75},[61,2070,2072],{"class":2071},"sZMiF","type",[61,2074,147],{"class":75},[61,2076,2060],{"class":143},[61,2078,1761],{"class":75},[61,2080,2081,2083,2085,2087],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2082,160],{"class":159},[61,2084,147],{"class":75},[61,2086,165],{"class":143},[61,2088,153],{"class":75},[61,2090,2091,2094,2096,2099,2101,2104],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,2092,2093],{"class":159},"help",[61,2095,147],{"class":75},[61,2097,2098],{"class":2071},"set",[61,2100,140],{"class":75},[61,2102,144],{"class":2103},"skxfh",[61,2105,153],{"class":75},[47,2107,2109],{"id":2108},"faq","FAQ",[887,2111,2113,2114,2116],{"id":2112},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set","Does ",[15,2115,17],{}," change the original set?",[20,2118,2119],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[887,2121,2123,2124,2126],{"id":2122},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets","Can ",[15,2125,179],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,2128,2129],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[887,2131,2133,2134,2136],{"id":2132},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple","Can I use ",[15,2135,179],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,2138,2139,2140,2142],{},"Yes. ",[15,2141,179],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[887,2144,2146],{"id":2145},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,2148,2149],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[887,2151,2153,2154,700,2156,2159],{"id":2152},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and","What is the difference between ",[15,2155,179],{},[15,2157,2158],{},"|","?",[20,2161,2162,2163,2165,2166,2168],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,2164,2158],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,2167,179],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[47,2170,2172],{"id":2171},"see-also","See also",[29,2174,2175,2179,2185,2191,2197],{},[32,2176,2177],{},[214,2178,217],{"href":216},[32,2180,2181],{},[214,2182,13,2183,1516],{"href":1512},[15,2184,1515],{},[32,2186,2187],{},[214,2188,13,2189,1516],{"href":2034},[15,2190,2037],{},[32,2192,2193],{},[214,2194,13,2195,1516],{"href":2040},[15,2196,2043],{},[32,2198,2199],{},[214,2200,2202],{"href":2201},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[2204,2205,2206],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":2208},[2209,2210,2212,2213,2214,2215,2217,2223,2228,2235,2236,2247],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":183,"depth":97,"text":2211},"What set.union() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":344,"depth":97,"text":345},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":715,"depth":97,"text":2216},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":877,"depth":97,"text":2218,"children":2219},"Using union() with other iterables",[2220,2221,2222],{"id":889,"depth":122,"text":890},{"id":1017,"depth":122,"text":1018},{"id":1164,"depth":122,"text":1165},{"id":1307,"depth":97,"text":2224,"children":2225},"union() vs update()",[2226,2227],{"id":144,"depth":122,"text":179},{"id":1419,"depth":122,"text":1313},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":2229},[2230,2232,2233,2234],{"id":1523,"depth":122,"text":2231},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":1696,"depth":122,"text":1697},{"id":1767,"depth":122,"text":1768},{"id":1900,"depth":122,"text":1901},{"id":2002,"depth":97,"text":2003},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":2237},[2238,2240,2242,2244,2245],{"id":2112,"depth":122,"text":2239},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":2122,"depth":122,"text":2241},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":2132,"depth":122,"text":2243},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":2145,"depth":122,"text":2146},{"id":2152,"depth":122,"text":2246},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",{"title":5,"description":2248},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",[2256,3849,5556,7252,9393,11591,13108,15283,17487,19945,21783,24345,26443,28724,30671,32580,34576,36015,37842,40367,42528,43757,45128,46776,49097,50941,52923,54617,55870,57563,59313,61285,63032,65131,66489,68439,70002,71992,73787,75687,78129,80207,82846,84875,86838,89026,91030,93343,95025,96470,97660,98836,100674,103102,104806,106821,108342,109587,110750,112124,114051,115948,117722,119588,121707,123447,124909,126503,128426,130103,132038,133527,136311,137888,139447,141475,143427,144890,146079,147965,149376,151072,152626,154048,155451,157349,159743,161574],{"id":2257,"title":2258,"body":2259,"description":3843,"extension":2249,"meta":3844,"navigation":125,"path":3845,"seo":3846,"stem":3847,"__hash__":3848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2260,"toc":3815},[2261,2264,2271,2274,2285,2288,2290,2354,2356,2376,2381,2385,2390,2393,2409,2412,2437,2440,2442,2445,2461,2464,2490,2492,2550,2552,2567,2576,2587,2591,2594,2648,2650,2670,2673,2697,2704,2708,2713,2719,2721,2758,2760,2769,2775,2792,2795,2807,2811,2816,2820,2823,2843,2845,2902,2904,2912,2915,2919,2951,2953,2961,2964,2968,2973,3021,3023,3031,3035,3095,3097,3105,3108,3112,3116,3118,3141,3150,3166,3217,3219,3234,3245,3249,3252,3280,3287,3291,3296,3337,3339,3350,3353,3396,3398,3406,3410,3415,3437,3439,3448,3457,3461,3466,3488,3490,3560,3562,3612,3615,3618,3621,3701,3703,3734,3736,3740,3743,3747,3750,3754,3757,3761,3773,3777,3780,3782,3812],[10,2262,2258],{"id":2263},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2265,2266,2267,2270],{},"The ",[15,2268,2269],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2272,2273],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[29,2275,2276,2279,2282],{},[32,2277,2278],{},"a number without its negative sign",[32,2280,2281],{},"the distance between two numbers",[32,2283,2284],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2286,2287],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[47,2289,50],{"id":49},[52,2291,2293],{"className":54,"code":2292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2294,2295,2314,2329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2296,2297,2299,2301,2304,2306,2309,2312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2298,160],{"class":159},[61,2300,147],{"class":75},[61,2302,2303],{"class":159},"abs",[61,2305,147],{"class":75},[61,2307,2308],{"class":71},"-",[61,2310,2311],{"class":79},"7",[61,2313,1761],{"class":75},[61,2315,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2327],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2317,160],{"class":159},[61,2319,147],{"class":75},[61,2321,2303],{"class":159},[61,2323,147],{"class":75},[61,2325,2326],{"class":79},"3.5",[61,2328,1761],{"class":75},[61,2330,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2343,2346,2348,2352],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2332,160],{"class":159},[61,2334,147],{"class":75},[61,2336,2303],{"class":159},[61,2338,147],{"class":75},[61,2340,2308],{"class":71},[61,2342,301],{"class":79},[61,2344,2345],{"class":71},"+",[61,2347,107],{"class":79},[61,2349,2351],{"class":2350},"sbsja","j",[61,2353,1761],{"class":75},[20,2355,1598],{},[52,2357,2359],{"className":54,"code":2358,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2360,2361,2366,2371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2362,2363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2364,2365],{"class":79},"7\n",[61,2367,2368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2369,2370],{"class":79},"3.5\n",[61,2372,2373],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2374,2375],{"class":79},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2377,1503,2378,2380],{},[15,2379,2269],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[47,2382,2384],{"id":2383},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2386,2387,2389],{},[15,2388,2269],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2391,2392],{},"That means:",[29,2394,2395,2398,2401],{},[32,2396,2397],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[32,2399,2400],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[32,2402,2403,2406,2407],{},[15,2404,2405],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2408,2405],{},[20,2410,2411],{},"Examples:",[29,2413,2414,2422,2430],{},[32,2415,2416,2419,2420],{},[15,2417,2418],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2421,1013],{},[32,2423,2424,2419,2427],{},[15,2425,2426],{},"abs(9)",[15,2428,2429],{},"9",[32,2431,2432,2419,2435],{},[15,2433,2434],{},"abs(0)",[15,2436,2405],{},[20,2438,2439],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[47,2441,221],{"id":220},[20,2443,2444],{},"The syntax is:",[52,2446,2448],{"className":54,"code":2447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(x)\n",[15,2449,2450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2451,2452,2454,2456,2459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2453,2303],{"class":159},[61,2455,147],{"class":75},[61,2457,2458],{"class":143},"x",[61,2460,153],{"class":75},[20,2462,2463],{},"Here:",[29,2465,2466,2482,2487],{},[32,2467,2468,2470,2471,1830,2474,2477,2478,2481],{},[15,2469,2458],{}," is usually an ",[15,2472,2473],{},"int",[15,2475,2476],{},"float",", or ",[15,2479,2480],{},"complex"," number",[32,2483,2484,2486],{},[15,2485,2269],{}," returns a new value",[32,2488,2489],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2491,368],{},[52,2493,2495],{"className":54,"code":2494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2496,2497,2510,2526,2530,2540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2498,2499,2502,2504,2507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2500,2501],{"class":67},"number ",[61,2503,72],{"class":71},[61,2505,2506],{"class":71}," -",[61,2508,2509],{"class":79},"12\n",[61,2511,2512,2514,2516,2519,2521,2524],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2513,132],{"class":67},[61,2515,72],{"class":71},[61,2517,2518],{"class":159}," abs",[61,2520,147],{"class":75},[61,2522,2523],{"class":143},"number",[61,2525,153],{"class":75},[61,2527,2528],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2529,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,2531,2532,2534,2536,2538],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,2533,160],{"class":159},[61,2535,147],{"class":75},[61,2537,2523],{"class":143},[61,2539,153],{"class":75},[61,2541,2542,2544,2546,2548],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,2543,160],{"class":159},[61,2545,147],{"class":75},[61,2547,165],{"class":143},[61,2549,153],{"class":75},[20,2551,1598],{},[52,2553,2555],{"className":54,"code":2554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-12\n12\n",[15,2556,2557,2563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2558,2559,2561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2560,2308],{"class":71},[61,2562,2509],{"class":79},[61,2564,2565],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2566,2509],{"class":79},[20,2568,462,2569,2571,2572,2575],{},[15,2570,2523],{}," is still ",[15,2573,2574],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2577,2578,2579,2586],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[214,2580,2582,2585],{"href":2581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2583,2584],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[47,2588,2590],{"id":2589},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2592,2593],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[52,2595,2597],{"className":54,"code":2596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2598,2599,2616,2631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2600,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609,2611,2614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2602,160],{"class":159},[61,2604,147],{"class":75},[61,2606,2303],{"class":159},[61,2608,147],{"class":75},[61,2610,2308],{"class":71},[61,2612,2613],{"class":79},"10",[61,2615,1761],{"class":75},[61,2617,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2629],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2619,160],{"class":159},[61,2621,147],{"class":75},[61,2623,2303],{"class":159},[61,2625,147],{"class":75},[61,2627,2628],{"class":79},"8",[61,2630,1761],{"class":75},[61,2632,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643,2646],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2634,160],{"class":159},[61,2636,147],{"class":75},[61,2638,2303],{"class":159},[61,2640,147],{"class":75},[61,2642,2308],{"class":71},[61,2644,2645],{"class":79},"4.2",[61,2647,1761],{"class":75},[20,2649,1598],{},[52,2651,2653],{"className":54,"code":2652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2654,2655,2660,2665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2656,2657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2658,2659],{"class":79},"10\n",[61,2661,2662],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2663,2664],{"class":79},"8\n",[61,2666,2667],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2668,2669],{"class":79},"4.2\n",[20,2671,2672],{},"What each line does:",[29,2674,2675,2683,2690],{},[32,2676,2677,2680,2681],{},[15,2678,2679],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2682,2613],{},[32,2684,2685,2680,2688],{},[15,2686,2687],{},"abs(8)",[15,2689,2628],{},[32,2691,2692,2680,2695],{},[15,2693,2694],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2696,2645],{},[20,2698,2699,2700,140],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[214,2701,2703],{"href":2702},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[47,2705,2707],{"id":2706},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2709,2710,2712],{},[15,2711,2269],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2714,2715,2716,2718],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2717,2405],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2720,368],{},[52,2722,2724],{"className":54,"code":2723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2725,2726,2743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2727,2728,2731,2733,2735,2738,2740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2729,2730],{"class":67},"value ",[61,2732,72],{"class":71},[61,2734,91],{"class":79},[61,2736,2737],{"class":71}," +",[61,2739,112],{"class":79},[61,2741,2742],{"class":2350},"j\n",[61,2744,2745,2747,2749,2751,2753,2756],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2746,160],{"class":159},[61,2748,147],{"class":75},[61,2750,2303],{"class":159},[61,2752,147],{"class":75},[61,2754,2755],{"class":143},"value",[61,2757,1761],{"class":75},[20,2759,1598],{},[52,2761,2763],{"className":54,"code":2762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n",[15,2764,2765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2766,2767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2768,2762],{"class":79},[20,2770,2771,2772,2159],{},"Why ",[15,2773,2774],{},"5.0",[29,2776,2777,2782,2787],{},[32,2778,2779,2780],{},"the real part is ",[15,2781,107],{},[32,2783,2784,2785],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2786,788],{},[32,2788,2789,2790],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2791,2774],{},[20,2793,2794],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[29,2796,2797,2804],{},[32,2798,2799,2801,2802],{},[15,2800,2269],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2803,2476],{},[32,2805,2806],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[47,2808,2810],{"id":2809},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2812,2813,2814,140],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2815,2269],{},[887,2817,2819],{"id":2818},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2821,2822],{},"A very common pattern is:",[52,2824,2826],{"className":54,"code":2825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2827,2828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2829,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2831,2303],{"class":159},[61,2833,147],{"class":75},[61,2835,37],{"class":143},[61,2837,2308],{"class":71},[61,2839,2840],{"class":143}," b",[61,2842,153],{"class":75},[20,2844,368],{},[52,2846,2848],{"className":54,"code":2847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2849,2850,2859,2868,2872,2891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2851,2852,2854,2856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2853,37],{"class":67},[61,2855,72],{"class":71},[61,2857,2858],{"class":79}," 3\n",[61,2860,2861,2863,2865],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2862,294],{"class":67},[61,2864,72],{"class":71},[61,2866,2867],{"class":79}," 10\n",[61,2869,2870],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,2871,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,2873,2874,2877,2879,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,2875,2876],{"class":67},"distance ",[61,2878,72],{"class":71},[61,2880,2518],{"class":159},[61,2882,147],{"class":75},[61,2884,37],{"class":143},[61,2886,2308],{"class":71},[61,2888,2840],{"class":143},[61,2890,153],{"class":75},[61,2892,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,2894,160],{"class":159},[61,2896,147],{"class":75},[61,2898,2899],{"class":143},"distance",[61,2901,153],{"class":75},[20,2903,1598],{},[52,2905,2906],{"className":54,"code":2365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2907,2908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2909,2910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2911,2365],{"class":79},[20,2913,2914],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[887,2916,2918],{"id":2917},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[52,2920,2922],{"className":54,"code":2921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2923,2924,2936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2925,2926,2929,2931,2933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2927,2928],{"class":67},"temperature_change ",[61,2930,72],{"class":71},[61,2932,2506],{"class":71},[61,2934,2935],{"class":79},"6\n",[61,2937,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2949],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2939,160],{"class":159},[61,2941,147],{"class":75},[61,2943,2303],{"class":159},[61,2945,147],{"class":75},[61,2947,2948],{"class":143},"temperature_change",[61,2950,1761],{"class":75},[20,2952,1598],{},[52,2954,2955],{"className":54,"code":2935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2956,2957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2958,2959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2960,2935],{"class":79},[20,2962,2963],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[887,2965,2967],{"id":2966},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2969,2970,2971,2586],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2972,2269],{},[52,2974,2976],{"className":54,"code":2975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2977,2978,2990,3006,3010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2979,2980,2983,2985,2987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2981,2982],{"class":67},"balance_change ",[61,2984,72],{"class":71},[61,2986,2506],{"class":71},[61,2988,2989],{"class":79},"25\n",[61,2991,2992,2995,2997,2999,3001,3004],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2993,2994],{"class":67},"safe_value ",[61,2996,72],{"class":71},[61,2998,2518],{"class":159},[61,3000,147],{"class":75},[61,3002,3003],{"class":143},"balance_change",[61,3005,153],{"class":75},[61,3007,3008],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3009,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,3011,3012,3014,3016,3019],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,3013,160],{"class":159},[61,3015,147],{"class":75},[61,3017,3018],{"class":143},"safe_value",[61,3020,153],{"class":75},[20,3022,1598],{},[52,3024,3025],{"className":54,"code":2989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3028,3029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3030,2989],{"class":79},[887,3032,3034],{"id":3033},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[52,3036,3038],{"className":54,"code":3037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3039,3040,3050,3060,3064,3084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3041,3042,3045,3047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3043,3044],{"class":67},"guess ",[61,3046,72],{"class":71},[61,3048,3049],{"class":79}," 42\n",[61,3051,3052,3055,3057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3053,3054],{"class":67},"target ",[61,3056,72],{"class":71},[61,3058,3059],{"class":79}," 50\n",[61,3061,3062],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3063,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,3065,3066,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3082],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,3067,3068],{"class":67},"difference ",[61,3070,72],{"class":71},[61,3072,2518],{"class":159},[61,3074,147],{"class":75},[61,3076,3044],{"class":143},[61,3078,2308],{"class":71},[61,3080,3081],{"class":143}," target",[61,3083,153],{"class":75},[61,3085,3086,3088,3090,3093],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,3087,160],{"class":159},[61,3089,147],{"class":75},[61,3091,3092],{"class":143},"difference",[61,3094,153],{"class":75},[20,3096,1598],{},[52,3098,3099],{"className":54,"code":2664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,3100,3101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3102,3103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3104,2664],{"class":79},[20,3106,3107],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[47,3109,3111],{"id":3110},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[887,3113,3115],{"id":3114},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3117,1904],{},[52,3119,3121],{"className":54,"code":3120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3122,3123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3124,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3126,160],{"class":159},[61,3128,147],{"class":75},[61,3130,2303],{"class":159},[61,3132,147],{"class":75},[61,3134,504],{"class":503},[61,3136,1013],{"class":507},[61,3138,504],{"class":503},[61,3140,1761],{"class":75},[20,3142,3143,3146,3147,3149],{},[15,3144,3145],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3148,2269],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3151,3152,3153,3159,3160,192],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[214,3154,3156],{"href":3155},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3157,3158],{},"int()"," or ",[214,3161,3163],{"href":3162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3164,3165],{},"float()",[52,3167,3169],{"className":54,"code":3168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3170,3171,3194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3172,3173,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189,3191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3174,160],{"class":159},[61,3176,147],{"class":75},[61,3178,2303],{"class":159},[61,3180,147],{"class":75},[61,3182,2473],{"class":2071},[61,3184,147],{"class":75},[61,3186,504],{"class":503},[61,3188,1013],{"class":507},[61,3190,504],{"class":503},[61,3192,3193],{"class":75},")))\n",[61,3195,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3213,3215],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3197,160],{"class":159},[61,3199,147],{"class":75},[61,3201,2303],{"class":159},[61,3203,147],{"class":75},[61,3205,2476],{"class":2071},[61,3207,147],{"class":75},[61,3209,504],{"class":503},[61,3211,3212],{"class":507},"-3.2",[61,3214,504],{"class":503},[61,3216,3193],{"class":75},[20,3218,1598],{},[52,3220,3222],{"className":54,"code":3221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3223,3224,3229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3225,3226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3227,3228],{"class":79},"5\n",[61,3230,3231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3232,3233],{"class":79},"3.2\n",[20,3235,3236,3237,3240,3241,140],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3238,3239],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[214,3242,3244],{"href":3243},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[887,3246,3248],{"id":3247},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3250,3251],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[52,3253,3255],{"className":54,"code":3254,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3256,3257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3258,3259,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3260,160],{"class":159},[61,3262,147],{"class":75},[61,3264,2303],{"class":159},[61,3266,1878],{"class":75},[61,3268,80],{"class":79},[61,3270,83],{"class":75},[61,3272,86],{"class":79},[61,3274,83],{"class":75},[61,3276,91],{"class":79},[61,3278,3279],{"class":75},"]))\n",[20,3281,3282,3283,3286],{},"This raises a ",[15,3284,3285],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[887,3288,3290],{"id":3289},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3292,3293,3295],{},[15,3294,2269],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[52,3297,3299],{"className":54,"code":3298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3300,3301,3313,3323,3327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3302,3303,3306,3308,3310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3304,3305],{"class":67},"x ",[61,3307,72],{"class":71},[61,3309,2506],{"class":71},[61,3311,3312],{"class":79},"9\n",[61,3314,3315,3317,3319,3321],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3316,2303],{"class":159},[61,3318,147],{"class":75},[61,3320,2458],{"class":143},[61,3322,153],{"class":75},[61,3324,3325],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3326,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,3328,3329,3331,3333,3335],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,3330,160],{"class":159},[61,3332,147],{"class":75},[61,3334,2458],{"class":143},[61,3336,153],{"class":75},[20,3338,1598],{},[52,3340,3342],{"className":54,"code":3341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-9\n",[15,3343,3344],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3345,3346,3348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3347,2308],{"class":71},[61,3349,3312],{"class":79},[20,3351,3352],{},"If you want to store the result:",[52,3354,3356],{"className":54,"code":3355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3357,3358,3368,3382,3386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3359,3360,3362,3364,3366],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3361,3305],{"class":67},[61,3363,72],{"class":71},[61,3365,2506],{"class":71},[61,3367,3312],{"class":79},[61,3369,3370,3372,3374,3376,3378,3380],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3371,3305],{"class":67},[61,3373,72],{"class":71},[61,3375,2518],{"class":159},[61,3377,147],{"class":75},[61,3379,2458],{"class":143},[61,3381,153],{"class":75},[61,3383,3384],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3385,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,3387,3388,3390,3392,3394],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,3389,160],{"class":159},[61,3391,147],{"class":75},[61,3393,2458],{"class":143},[61,3395,153],{"class":75},[20,3397,1598],{},[52,3399,3400],{"className":54,"code":3312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,3401,3402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3403,3404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3405,3312],{"class":79},[887,3407,3409],{"id":3408},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3411,3412,3414],{},[15,3413,2269],{}," does not round numbers.",[52,3416,3418],{"className":54,"code":3417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3419,3420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3421,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3423,160],{"class":159},[61,3425,147],{"class":75},[61,3427,2303],{"class":159},[61,3429,147],{"class":75},[61,3431,2308],{"class":71},[61,3433,3434],{"class":79},"4.7",[61,3436,1761],{"class":75},[20,3438,1598],{},[52,3440,3442],{"className":54,"code":3441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.7\n",[15,3443,3444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3445,3446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3447,3441],{"class":79},[20,3449,3450,3451,3453,3454,3456],{},"If you expected ",[15,3452,1013],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3455,2269],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[47,3458,3460],{"id":3459},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3462,3463,3465],{},[15,3464,2269],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[29,3467,3468,3475,3482],{},[32,3469,3470,3472,3473],{},[15,3471,2473],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3474,2473],{},[32,3476,3477,3479,3480],{},[15,3478,2476],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3481,2476],{},[32,3483,3484,3479,3486],{},[15,3485,2480],{},[15,3487,2476],{},[20,3489,368],{},[52,3491,3493],{"className":54,"code":3492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3494,3495,3515,3536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3496,3497,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3498,160],{"class":159},[61,3500,147],{"class":75},[61,3502,2072],{"class":2071},[61,3504,147],{"class":75},[61,3506,2303],{"class":159},[61,3508,147],{"class":75},[61,3510,2308],{"class":71},[61,3512,1013],{"class":79},[61,3514,3193],{"class":75},[61,3516,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3534],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3518,160],{"class":159},[61,3520,147],{"class":75},[61,3522,2072],{"class":2071},[61,3524,147],{"class":75},[61,3526,2303],{"class":159},[61,3528,147],{"class":75},[61,3530,2308],{"class":71},[61,3532,3533],{"class":79},"3.2",[61,3535,3193],{"class":75},[61,3537,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3539,160],{"class":159},[61,3541,147],{"class":75},[61,3543,2072],{"class":2071},[61,3545,147],{"class":75},[61,3547,2303],{"class":159},[61,3549,147],{"class":75},[61,3551,107],{"class":79},[61,3553,2737],{"class":71},[61,3555,112],{"class":79},[61,3557,2351],{"class":2350},[61,3559,3193],{"class":75},[20,3561,1598],{},[52,3563,3565],{"className":54,"code":3564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3566,3567,3584,3598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3568,3569,3572,3575,3577,3579,3581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3570,3571],{"class":71},"\u003C",[61,3573,3574],{"class":2350},"class",[61,3576,639],{"class":503},[61,3578,2473],{"class":507},[61,3580,630],{"class":503},[61,3582,3583],{"class":71},">\n",[61,3585,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3587,3571],{"class":71},[61,3589,3574],{"class":2350},[61,3591,639],{"class":503},[61,3593,2476],{"class":507},[61,3595,630],{"class":503},[61,3597,3583],{"class":71},[61,3599,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3601,3571],{"class":71},[61,3603,3574],{"class":2350},[61,3605,639],{"class":503},[61,3607,2476],{"class":507},[61,3609,630],{"class":503},[61,3611,3583],{"class":71},[20,3613,3614],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3616,3617],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3619,3620],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[52,3622,3624],{"className":54,"code":3623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3625,3626,3640,3650,3664,3668,3682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3627,3628,3630,3632,3634,3637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3629,2730],{"class":67},[61,3631,72],{"class":71},[61,3633,515],{"class":503},[61,3635,3636],{"class":507},"-5",[61,3638,3639],{"class":503},"\"\n",[61,3641,3642,3644,3646,3648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3643,160],{"class":159},[61,3645,147],{"class":75},[61,3647,2755],{"class":143},[61,3649,153],{"class":75},[61,3651,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3653,160],{"class":159},[61,3655,147],{"class":75},[61,3657,2072],{"class":2071},[61,3659,147],{"class":75},[61,3661,2755],{"class":143},[61,3663,1761],{"class":75},[61,3665,3666],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,3667,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,3669,3670,3673,3675,3677,3680],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,3671,3672],{"class":67},"user_input ",[61,3674,72],{"class":71},[61,3676,515],{"class":503},[61,3678,3679],{"class":507},"-3.7",[61,3681,3639],{"class":503},[61,3683,3684,3686,3688,3690,3692,3694,3696,3699],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,3685,160],{"class":159},[61,3687,147],{"class":75},[61,3689,2303],{"class":159},[61,3691,147],{"class":75},[61,3693,2476],{"class":2071},[61,3695,147],{"class":75},[61,3697,3698],{"class":143},"user_input",[61,3700,3193],{"class":75},[20,3702,1598],{},[52,3704,3706],{"className":54,"code":3705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3707,3708,3714,3729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3709,3710,3712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3711,2308],{"class":71},[61,3713,3228],{"class":79},[61,3715,3716,3718,3720,3722,3725,3727],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3717,3571],{"class":71},[61,3719,3574],{"class":2350},[61,3721,639],{"class":503},[61,3723,3724],{"class":507},"str",[61,3726,630],{"class":503},[61,3728,3583],{"class":71},[61,3730,3731],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3732,3733],{"class":79},"3.7\n",[47,3735,2109],{"id":2108},[887,3737,3739],{"id":3738},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3741,3742],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[887,3744,3746],{"id":3745},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3748,3749],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[887,3751,3753],{"id":3752},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3755,3756],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[887,3758,3760],{"id":3759},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3762,3763,3765,3766,3159,3768,3770,3771,140],{},[15,3764,3239],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3767,3158],{},[15,3769,3165],{}," before using ",[15,3772,2269],{},[887,3774,3776],{"id":3775},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3778,3779],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[47,3781,2172],{"id":2171},[29,3783,3784,3791,3797,3803,3808],{},[32,3785,3786],{},[214,3787,3788,3790],{"href":3155},[15,3789,3158],{}," function explained",[32,3792,3793],{},[214,3794,3795,3790],{"href":3162},[15,3796,3165],{},[32,3798,3799],{},[214,3800,3801,3790],{"href":2581},[15,3802,2584],{},[32,3804,3805],{},[214,3806,3807],{"href":3243},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[32,3809,3810],{},[214,3811,2703],{"href":2702},[2204,3813,3814],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":3816},[3817,3818,3819,3820,3821,3822,3828,3834,3835,3842],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":2383,"depth":97,"text":2384},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":2706,"depth":97,"text":2707},{"id":2809,"depth":97,"text":2810,"children":3823},[3824,3825,3826,3827],{"id":2818,"depth":122,"text":2819},{"id":2917,"depth":122,"text":2918},{"id":2966,"depth":122,"text":2967},{"id":3033,"depth":122,"text":3034},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":3829},[3830,3831,3832,3833],{"id":3114,"depth":122,"text":3115},{"id":3247,"depth":122,"text":3248},{"id":3289,"depth":122,"text":3290},{"id":3408,"depth":122,"text":3409},{"id":3459,"depth":97,"text":3460},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":3836},[3837,3838,3839,3840,3841],{"id":3738,"depth":122,"text":3739},{"id":3745,"depth":122,"text":3746},{"id":3752,"depth":122,"text":3753},{"id":3759,"depth":122,"text":3760},{"id":3775,"depth":122,"text":3776},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2258,"description":3843},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3850,"title":3851,"body":3852,"description":5550,"extension":2249,"meta":5551,"navigation":125,"path":5552,"seo":5553,"stem":5554,"__hash__":5555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3853,"toc":5514},[3854,3861,3867,3870,3887,3891,3945,3955,3960,3964,3983,3986,4003,4006,4010,4018,4035,4038,4078,4081,4088,4094,4171,4173,4205,4211,4215,4219,4258,4260,4269,4276,4280,4319,4321,4330,4340,4344,4397,4399,4407,4410,4413,4460,4462,4470,4476,4483,4488,4491,4494,4560,4562,4570,4573,4640,4642,4650,4664,4667,4678,4682,4688,4691,4693,4709,4711,4719,4722,4725,4728,4745,4748,4751,4781,4783,4796,4798,4802,4805,4820,4825,4828,4855,4862,4865,4904,4911,4917,4925,4928,4980,4987,5051,5056,5065,5068,5086,5092,5095,5237,5243,5248,5251,5262,5265,5321,5323,5331,5334,5393,5395,5403,5406,5417,5419,5426,5435,5444,5447,5453,5456,5464,5477,5479,5511],[10,3855,13,3857,3860],{"id":3856},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3858,3859],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3862,3863,3864,3866],{},"Python’s ",[15,3865,3859],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3868,3869],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[29,3871,3872,3875,3878],{},[32,3873,3874],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[32,3876,3877],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[32,3879,3880,2680,3883,3886],{},[15,3881,3882],{},"all([])",[15,3884,3885],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[47,3888,3890],{"id":3889},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[52,3892,3894],{"className":54,"code":3893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3895,3896,3916,3932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3897,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3899,900],{"class":67},[61,3901,72],{"class":71},[61,3903,926],{"class":75},[61,3905,80],{"class":79},[61,3907,83],{"class":75},[61,3909,86],{"class":79},[61,3911,83],{"class":75},[61,3913,91],{"class":79},[61,3915,943],{"class":75},[61,3917,3918,3920,3922,3925,3927,3930],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3919,132],{"class":67},[61,3921,72],{"class":71},[61,3923,3924],{"class":159}," all",[61,3926,147],{"class":75},[61,3928,3929],{"class":143},"numbers",[61,3931,153],{"class":75},[61,3933,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,3935,160],{"class":159},[61,3937,147],{"class":75},[61,3939,165],{"class":143},[61,3941,442],{"class":75},[61,3943,3944],{"class":173},"  # True\n",[20,3946,3947,2680,3949,3951,3952,140],{},[15,3948,3859],{},[15,3950,3885],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3953,3954],{},"False",[47,3956,184,3958,187],{"id":3957},"what-all-does",[15,3959,3859],{},[20,3961,3962,192],{},[15,3963,3859],{},[29,3965,3966,3969,3975,3980],{},[32,3967,3968],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[32,3970,3971,3972,3974],{},"returns ",[15,3973,3885],{}," if all items are truthy",[32,3976,3971,3977,3979],{},[15,3978,3954],{}," if any item is falsy",[32,3981,3982],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3984,3985],{},"Basic syntax:",[52,3987,3989],{"className":54,"code":3988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3990,3991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3992,3993,3996,3998,4001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3994,3995],{"class":159},"all",[61,3997,147],{"class":75},[61,3999,4000],{"class":143},"iterable",[61,4002,153],{"class":75},[20,4004,4005],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[47,4007,4009],{"id":4008},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4011,4012,4013,3159,4015,4017],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4014,3885],{},[15,4016,3954],{}," in conditions.",[29,4019,4020,4028],{},[32,4021,4022,4025,4026],{},[39,4023,4024],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4027,3885],{},[32,4029,4030,4025,4033],{},[39,4031,4032],{},"Falsy",[15,4034,3954],{},[20,4036,4037],{},"Common falsy values include:",[29,4039,4040,4044,4049,4054,4059,4063,4068,4073],{},[32,4041,4042],{},[15,4043,2405],{},[32,4045,4046],{},[15,4047,4048],{},"0.0",[32,4050,4051],{},[15,4052,4053],{},"''",[32,4055,4056],{},[15,4057,4058],{},"None",[32,4060,4061],{},[15,4062,3954],{},[32,4064,4065],{},[15,4066,4067],{},"[]",[32,4069,4070],{},[15,4071,4072],{},"{}",[32,4074,4075],{},[15,4076,4077],{},"set()",[20,4079,4080],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4082,4083,4084,140],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[214,4085,4087],{"href":4086},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4089,4090,4091,192],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4092,4093],{},"bool()",[52,4095,4097],{"className":54,"code":4096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4098,4099,4137,4141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4100,4101,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4115,4117,4120,4122,4124,4127,4129,4131,4135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4102,4103],{"class":67},"values ",[61,4105,72],{"class":71},[61,4107,926],{"class":75},[61,4109,80],{"class":79},[61,4111,83],{"class":75},[61,4113,4114],{"class":79}," 0",[61,4116,83],{"class":75},[61,4118,4119],{"class":503}," ''",[61,4121,83],{"class":75},[61,4123,639],{"class":503},[61,4125,4126],{"class":507},"hello",[61,4128,630],{"class":503},[61,4130,83],{"class":75},[61,4132,4134],{"class":4133},"s39Yj"," None",[61,4136,943],{"class":75},[61,4138,4139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4140,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,4142,4143,4145,4147,4150,4152,4154,4156,4160,4163,4166,4169],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,4144,160],{"class":159},[61,4146,1878],{"class":75},[61,4148,4149],{"class":2071},"bool",[61,4151,147],{"class":75},[61,4153,2458],{"class":143},[61,4155,442],{"class":75},[61,4157,4159],{"class":4158},"sVHd0"," for",[61,4161,4162],{"class":143}," x ",[61,4164,4165],{"class":4158},"in",[61,4167,4168],{"class":143}," values",[61,4170,1887],{"class":75},[20,4172,1598],{},[52,4174,4176],{"className":54,"code":4175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4177,4178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4179,4180,4183,4185,4187,4190,4192,4194,4196,4199,4201,4203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4181,4182],{"class":75},"[",[61,4184,3885],{"class":4133},[61,4186,83],{"class":75},[61,4188,4189],{"class":4133}," False",[61,4191,83],{"class":75},[61,4193,4189],{"class":4133},[61,4195,83],{"class":75},[61,4197,4198],{"class":4133}," True",[61,4200,83],{"class":75},[61,4202,4189],{"class":4133},[61,4204,943],{"class":75},[20,4206,4207,4208,4210],{},"This matters because ",[15,4209,3859],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[47,4212,4214],{"id":4213},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[887,4216,4218],{"id":4217},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[52,4220,4222],{"className":54,"code":4221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4223,4224,4244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4225,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4227,900],{"class":67},[61,4229,72],{"class":71},[61,4231,926],{"class":75},[61,4233,80],{"class":79},[61,4235,83],{"class":75},[61,4237,86],{"class":79},[61,4239,83],{"class":75},[61,4241,91],{"class":79},[61,4243,943],{"class":75},[61,4245,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4247,160],{"class":159},[61,4249,147],{"class":75},[61,4251,3995],{"class":159},[61,4253,147],{"class":75},[61,4255,3929],{"class":143},[61,4257,1761],{"class":75},[20,4259,1598],{},[52,4261,4263],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n",[15,4264,4265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4266,4267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4268,4262],{"class":4133},[20,4270,4271,4272,2680,4274,140],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4273,3859],{},[15,4275,3885],{},[887,4277,4279],{"id":4278},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[52,4281,4283],{"className":54,"code":4282,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4284,4285,4305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4286,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4288,900],{"class":67},[61,4290,72],{"class":71},[61,4292,926],{"class":75},[61,4294,80],{"class":79},[61,4296,83],{"class":75},[61,4298,4114],{"class":79},[61,4300,83],{"class":75},[61,4302,91],{"class":79},[61,4304,943],{"class":75},[61,4306,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4308,160],{"class":159},[61,4310,147],{"class":75},[61,4312,3995],{"class":159},[61,4314,147],{"class":75},[61,4316,3929],{"class":143},[61,4318,1761],{"class":75},[20,4320,1598],{},[52,4322,4324],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\n",[15,4325,4326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4327,4328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4329,4323],{"class":4133},[20,4331,4332,4333,4335,4336,2680,4338,140],{},"The value ",[15,4334,2405],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4337,3859],{},[15,4339,3954],{},[887,4341,4343],{"id":4342},"example-strings","Example: strings",[52,4345,4347],{"className":54,"code":4346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4348,4349,4382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4350,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4378,4380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4352,1778],{"class":67},[61,4354,72],{"class":71},[61,4356,926],{"class":75},[61,4358,630],{"class":503},[61,4360,508],{"class":507},[61,4362,630],{"class":503},[61,4364,83],{"class":75},[61,4366,639],{"class":503},[61,4368,518],{"class":507},[61,4370,630],{"class":503},[61,4372,83],{"class":75},[61,4374,639],{"class":503},[61,4376,4377],{"class":507},"cherry",[61,4379,630],{"class":503},[61,4381,943],{"class":75},[61,4383,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4395],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4385,160],{"class":159},[61,4387,147],{"class":75},[61,4389,3995],{"class":159},[61,4391,147],{"class":75},[61,4393,4394],{"class":143},"words",[61,4396,1761],{"class":75},[20,4398,1598],{},[52,4400,4401],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4402,4403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4404,4405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4406,4262],{"class":4133},[20,4408,4409],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4411,4412],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[52,4414,4416],{"className":54,"code":4415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4417,4418,4446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4419,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442,4444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4421,1778],{"class":67},[61,4423,72],{"class":71},[61,4425,926],{"class":75},[61,4427,630],{"class":503},[61,4429,508],{"class":507},[61,4431,630],{"class":503},[61,4433,83],{"class":75},[61,4435,4119],{"class":503},[61,4437,83],{"class":75},[61,4439,639],{"class":503},[61,4441,4377],{"class":507},[61,4443,630],{"class":503},[61,4445,943],{"class":75},[61,4447,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4449,160],{"class":159},[61,4451,147],{"class":75},[61,4453,3995],{"class":159},[61,4455,147],{"class":75},[61,4457,4394],{"class":143},[61,4459,1761],{"class":75},[20,4461,1598],{},[52,4463,4464],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4465,4466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4467,4468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4469,4323],{"class":4133},[20,4471,4472,4473,4475],{},"The empty string ",[15,4474,4053],{}," is falsy.",[47,4477,4479,4480,4482],{"id":4478},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4481,3859],{}," works with conditions",[20,4484,4485,4487],{},[15,4486,3859],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4489,4490],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4492,4493],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[52,4495,4497],{"className":54,"code":4496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4498,4499,4519,4546,4550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4500,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4502,900],{"class":67},[61,4504,72],{"class":71},[61,4506,926],{"class":75},[61,4508,80],{"class":79},[61,4510,83],{"class":75},[61,4512,86],{"class":79},[61,4514,83],{"class":75},[61,4516,91],{"class":79},[61,4518,943],{"class":75},[61,4520,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4522,132],{"class":67},[61,4524,72],{"class":71},[61,4526,3924],{"class":159},[61,4528,147],{"class":75},[61,4530,3305],{"class":143},[61,4532,4533],{"class":71},">",[61,4535,4114],{"class":79},[61,4537,4159],{"class":4158},[61,4539,4162],{"class":143},[61,4541,4165],{"class":4158},[61,4543,956],{"class":143},[61,4545,153],{"class":75},[61,4547,4548],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,4549,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,4551,4552,4554,4556,4558],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,4553,160],{"class":159},[61,4555,147],{"class":75},[61,4557,165],{"class":143},[61,4559,153],{"class":75},[20,4561,1598],{},[52,4563,4564],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4565,4566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4567,4568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4569,4262],{"class":4133},[20,4571,4572],{},"Here is one that fails:",[52,4574,4576],{"className":54,"code":4575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4577,4578,4600,4626,4630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4579,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4581,900],{"class":67},[61,4583,72],{"class":71},[61,4585,926],{"class":75},[61,4587,80],{"class":79},[61,4589,83],{"class":75},[61,4591,2506],{"class":71},[61,4593,301],{"class":79},[61,4595,83],{"class":75},[61,4597,91],{"class":79},[61,4599,943],{"class":75},[61,4601,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4603,132],{"class":67},[61,4605,72],{"class":71},[61,4607,3924],{"class":159},[61,4609,147],{"class":75},[61,4611,3305],{"class":143},[61,4613,4533],{"class":71},[61,4615,4114],{"class":79},[61,4617,4159],{"class":4158},[61,4619,4162],{"class":143},[61,4621,4165],{"class":4158},[61,4623,956],{"class":143},[61,4625,153],{"class":75},[61,4627,4628],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,4629,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,4631,4632,4634,4636,4638],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,4633,160],{"class":159},[61,4635,147],{"class":75},[61,4637,165],{"class":143},[61,4639,153],{"class":75},[20,4641,1598],{},[52,4643,4644],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4645,4646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4647,4648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4649,4323],{"class":4133},[20,4651,4652,4653,4656,4657,4659,4660,2680,4662,140],{},"The expression ",[15,4654,4655],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4658,3885],{},", then ",[15,4661,3859],{},[15,4663,3885],{},[20,4665,4666],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4668,4669,4670,700,4674,140],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[214,4671,4673],{"href":4672},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[214,4675,4677],{"href":4676},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[47,4679,4681],{"id":4680},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4683,4684,2680,4686,140],{},[15,4685,3882],{},[15,4687,3885],{},[20,4689,4690],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4692,368],{},[52,4694,4696],{"className":54,"code":4695,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4697,4698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4699,4700,4702,4704,4706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4701,160],{"class":159},[61,4703,147],{"class":75},[61,4705,3995],{"class":159},[61,4707,4708],{"class":75},"([]))\n",[20,4710,1598],{},[52,4712,4713],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4714,4715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4716,4717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4718,4262],{"class":4133},[20,4720,4721],{},"Why?",[20,4723,4724],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4726,4727],{},"Think of it this way:",[29,4729,4730,4737,4740],{},[32,4731,4732,2680,4734,4736],{},[15,4733,3859],{},[15,4735,3954],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[32,4738,4739],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[32,4741,4742,4743],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4744,3954],{},[20,4746,4747],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4749,4750],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[52,4752,4754],{"className":54,"code":4753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4755,4756,4767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4757,4758,4760,4762,4764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4759,160],{"class":159},[61,4761,147],{"class":75},[61,4763,3995],{"class":159},[61,4765,4766],{"class":75},"(()))\n",[61,4768,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4770,160],{"class":159},[61,4772,147],{"class":75},[61,4774,3995],{"class":159},[61,4776,147],{"class":75},[61,4778,4053],{"class":503},[61,4780,1761],{"class":75},[20,4782,1598],{},[52,4784,4786],{"className":54,"code":4785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4787,4788,4792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4789,4790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4791,4262],{"class":4133},[61,4793,4794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4795,4262],{"class":4133},[47,4797,1520],{"id":1519},[887,4799,4801],{"id":4800},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4803,4804],{},"This is wrong:",[52,4806,4808],{"className":54,"code":4807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4809,4810,4815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4811,4812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4813,4814],{"class":173},"# Wrong\n",[61,4816,4817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4818,4819],{"class":173},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4821,4822,4824],{},[15,4823,3859],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4826,4827],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[52,4829,4831],{"className":54,"code":4830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4832,4833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4834,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4836,160],{"class":159},[61,4838,147],{"class":75},[61,4840,3995],{"class":159},[61,4842,1878],{"class":75},[61,4844,80],{"class":79},[61,4846,83],{"class":75},[61,4848,86],{"class":79},[61,4850,83],{"class":75},[61,4852,91],{"class":79},[61,4854,3279],{"class":75},[887,4856,4858,4859,4861],{"id":4857},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4860,3859],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4863,4864],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[52,4866,4868],{"className":54,"code":4867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4869,4870,4890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4871,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4873,900],{"class":67},[61,4875,72],{"class":71},[61,4877,926],{"class":75},[61,4879,1013],{"class":79},[61,4881,83],{"class":75},[61,4883,117],{"class":79},[61,4885,83],{"class":75},[61,4887,117],{"class":79},[61,4889,943],{"class":75},[61,4891,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4893,160],{"class":159},[61,4895,147],{"class":75},[61,4897,3995],{"class":159},[61,4899,147],{"class":75},[61,4901,3929],{"class":143},[61,4903,1761],{"class":75},[20,4905,4906,4907,4910],{},"This does ",[39,4908,4909],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4912,4913,4914,4916],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4915,1013],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[52,4918,4919],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4920,4921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4922,4923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4924,4262],{"class":4133},[20,4926,4927],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[52,4929,4931],{"className":54,"code":4930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4932,4933,4953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4934,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4936,900],{"class":67},[61,4938,72],{"class":71},[61,4940,926],{"class":75},[61,4942,1013],{"class":79},[61,4944,83],{"class":75},[61,4946,117],{"class":79},[61,4948,83],{"class":75},[61,4950,117],{"class":79},[61,4952,943],{"class":75},[61,4954,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4956,160],{"class":159},[61,4958,147],{"class":75},[61,4960,3995],{"class":159},[61,4962,147],{"class":75},[61,4964,3305],{"class":143},[61,4966,4967],{"class":71},"==",[61,4969,117],{"class":79},[61,4971,4159],{"class":4158},[61,4973,4162],{"class":143},[61,4975,4165],{"class":4158},[61,4977,956],{"class":143},[61,4979,1761],{"class":75},[887,4981,4983,4984,4986],{"id":4982},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4985,2405],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[52,4988,4990],{"className":54,"code":4989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4991,4992,5018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4993,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4995,160],{"class":159},[61,4997,147],{"class":75},[61,4999,3995],{"class":159},[61,5001,1878],{"class":75},[61,5003,80],{"class":79},[61,5005,83],{"class":75},[61,5007,86],{"class":79},[61,5009,83],{"class":75},[61,5011,4114],{"class":79},[61,5013,5014],{"class":75},"]))",[61,5016,5017],{"class":173},"       # False\n",[61,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5021,160],{"class":159},[61,5023,147],{"class":75},[61,5025,3995],{"class":159},[61,5027,1878],{"class":75},[61,5029,630],{"class":503},[61,5031,214],{"class":507},[61,5033,630],{"class":503},[61,5035,83],{"class":75},[61,5037,639],{"class":503},[61,5039,329],{"class":507},[61,5041,630],{"class":503},[61,5043,83],{"class":75},[61,5045,4119],{"class":503},[61,5047,5014],{"class":75},[61,5049,5050],{"class":173},"  # False\n",[20,5052,5053,5054,140],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5055,3954],{},[887,5057,5059,5060,5062,5063],{"id":5058},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5061,3882],{}," is ",[15,5064,3885],{},[20,5066,5067],{},"This is expected behavior:",[52,5069,5071],{"className":54,"code":5070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5072,5073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5074,5075,5077,5079,5081,5084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5076,160],{"class":159},[61,5078,147],{"class":75},[61,5080,3995],{"class":159},[61,5082,5083],{"class":75},"([]))",[61,5085,3944],{"class":173},[20,5087,5088,5089,5091],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5090,3885],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5093,5094],{},"Useful quick tests:",[52,5096,5098],{"className":54,"code":5097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5099,5100,5122,5144,5191,5227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5101,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5103,160],{"class":159},[61,5105,147],{"class":75},[61,5107,3995],{"class":159},[61,5109,1878],{"class":75},[61,5111,80],{"class":79},[61,5113,83],{"class":75},[61,5115,86],{"class":79},[61,5117,83],{"class":75},[61,5119,91],{"class":79},[61,5121,3279],{"class":75},[61,5123,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5125,160],{"class":159},[61,5127,147],{"class":75},[61,5129,3995],{"class":159},[61,5131,1878],{"class":75},[61,5133,80],{"class":79},[61,5135,83],{"class":75},[61,5137,4114],{"class":79},[61,5139,83],{"class":75},[61,5141,91],{"class":79},[61,5143,3279],{"class":75},[61,5145,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,5147,160],{"class":159},[61,5149,1878],{"class":75},[61,5151,4149],{"class":2071},[61,5153,147],{"class":75},[61,5155,2458],{"class":143},[61,5157,442],{"class":75},[61,5159,4159],{"class":4158},[61,5161,4162],{"class":143},[61,5163,4165],{"class":4158},[61,5165,926],{"class":75},[61,5167,80],{"class":79},[61,5169,83],{"class":75},[61,5171,4114],{"class":79},[61,5173,83],{"class":75},[61,5175,4119],{"class":503},[61,5177,83],{"class":75},[61,5179,639],{"class":503},[61,5181,4126],{"class":507},[61,5183,630],{"class":503},[61,5185,83],{"class":75},[61,5187,4134],{"class":4133},[61,5189,5190],{"class":75},"]])\n",[61,5192,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205,5207,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,5194,160],{"class":159},[61,5196,147],{"class":75},[61,5198,3995],{"class":159},[61,5200,147],{"class":75},[61,5202,3305],{"class":143},[61,5204,4533],{"class":71},[61,5206,4114],{"class":79},[61,5208,4159],{"class":4158},[61,5210,4162],{"class":143},[61,5212,4165],{"class":4158},[61,5214,926],{"class":75},[61,5216,80],{"class":79},[61,5218,83],{"class":75},[61,5220,86],{"class":79},[61,5222,83],{"class":75},[61,5224,91],{"class":79},[61,5226,3279],{"class":75},[61,5228,5229,5231,5233,5235],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,5230,160],{"class":159},[61,5232,147],{"class":75},[61,5234,3995],{"class":159},[61,5236,4708],{"class":75},[47,5238,5240,5241],{"id":5239},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5242,3859],{},[20,5244,5245,5247],{},[15,5246,3859],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5249,5250],{},"Common use cases:",[29,5252,5253,5256,5259],{},[32,5254,5255],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[32,5257,5258],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[32,5260,5261],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5263,5264],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[52,5266,5268],{"className":54,"code":5267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5269,5270,5306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5271,5272,5275,5277,5279,5281,5284,5286,5288,5290,5293,5295,5297,5299,5302,5304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5273,5274],{"class":67},"names ",[61,5276,72],{"class":71},[61,5278,926],{"class":75},[61,5280,630],{"class":503},[61,5282,5283],{"class":507},"Alice",[61,5285,630],{"class":503},[61,5287,83],{"class":75},[61,5289,639],{"class":503},[61,5291,5292],{"class":507},"Bob",[61,5294,630],{"class":503},[61,5296,83],{"class":75},[61,5298,639],{"class":503},[61,5300,5301],{"class":507},"Charlie",[61,5303,630],{"class":503},[61,5305,943],{"class":75},[61,5307,5308,5310,5312,5314,5316,5319],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5309,160],{"class":159},[61,5311,147],{"class":75},[61,5313,3995],{"class":159},[61,5315,147],{"class":75},[61,5317,5318],{"class":143},"names",[61,5320,1761],{"class":75},[20,5322,1598],{},[52,5324,5325],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5326,5327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5328,5329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5330,4262],{"class":4133},[20,5332,5333],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[52,5335,5337],{"className":54,"code":5336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5338,5339,5363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5340,5341,5344,5346,5348,5351,5353,5356,5358,5361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5342,5343],{"class":67},"scores ",[61,5345,72],{"class":71},[61,5347,926],{"class":75},[61,5349,5350],{"class":79},"75",[61,5352,83],{"class":75},[61,5354,5355],{"class":79}," 80",[61,5357,83],{"class":75},[61,5359,5360],{"class":79}," 50",[61,5362,943],{"class":75},[61,5364,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5376,5379,5381,5383,5386,5388,5391],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5366,160],{"class":159},[61,5368,147],{"class":75},[61,5370,3995],{"class":159},[61,5372,147],{"class":75},[61,5374,5375],{"class":143},"score ",[61,5377,5378],{"class":71},">=",[61,5380,5360],{"class":79},[61,5382,4159],{"class":4158},[61,5384,5385],{"class":143}," score ",[61,5387,4165],{"class":4158},[61,5389,5390],{"class":143}," scores",[61,5392,1761],{"class":75},[20,5394,1598],{},[52,5396,5397],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5398,5399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5400,5401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5402,4262],{"class":4133},[20,5404,5405],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5407,5408,5409,700,5413,140],{},"For related tasks, see ",[214,5410,5412],{"href":5411},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[214,5414,5416],{"href":5415},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[47,5418,2109],{"id":2108},[887,5420,5422,5423,5425],{"id":5421},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5424,3859],{}," return in Python?",[20,5427,5428,5429,5431,5432,5434],{},"It returns ",[15,5430,3885],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5433,3954],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[887,5436,5438,5439,5441,5442,2159],{"id":5437},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5440,3882],{}," return ",[15,5443,3885],{},[20,5445,5446],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[887,5448,2123,5450,5452],{"id":5449},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5451,3859],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5454,5455],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[887,5457,2153,5459,700,5461,2159],{"id":5458},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5460,3859],{},[15,5462,5463],{},"any()",[20,5465,5466,5468,5469,5471,5472,140],{},[15,5467,3859],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5470,5463],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[214,5473,13,5475,3790],{"href":5474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5476,5463],{},[47,5478,2172],{"id":2171},[29,5480,5481,5487,5491,5496,5501,5506],{},[32,5482,5483],{},[214,5484,13,5485,3790],{"href":5474},[15,5486,5463],{},[32,5488,5489],{},[214,5490,4087],{"href":4086},[32,5492,5493],{},[214,5494,5495],{"href":5415},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[32,5497,5498],{},[214,5499,5500],{"href":5411},"How to filter a list in Python",[32,5502,5503],{},[214,5504,5505],{"href":4672},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[32,5507,5508],{},[214,5509,5510],{"href":4676},"What is an iterable in Python",[2204,5512,5513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":5515},[5516,5517,5519,5520,5525,5527,5528,5537,5539,5549],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":3957,"depth":97,"text":5518},"What all() does",{"id":4008,"depth":97,"text":4009},{"id":4213,"depth":97,"text":4214,"children":5521},[5522,5523,5524],{"id":4217,"depth":122,"text":4218},{"id":4278,"depth":122,"text":4279},{"id":4342,"depth":122,"text":4343},{"id":4478,"depth":97,"text":5526},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4680,"depth":97,"text":4681},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":5529},[5530,5531,5533,5535],{"id":4800,"depth":122,"text":4801},{"id":4857,"depth":122,"text":5532},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4982,"depth":122,"text":5534},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5058,"depth":122,"text":5536},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5239,"depth":97,"text":5538},"When to use all()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":5540},[5541,5543,5545,5547],{"id":5421,"depth":122,"text":5542},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5437,"depth":122,"text":5544},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5449,"depth":122,"text":5546},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5458,"depth":122,"text":5548},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3851,"description":5550},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5557,"title":5558,"body":5559,"description":7247,"extension":2249,"meta":7248,"navigation":125,"path":5474,"seo":7249,"stem":7250,"__hash__":7251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5560,"toc":7225},[5561,5564,5572,5575,5592,5600,5644,5653,5657,5662,5665,5682,5685,5696,5708,5712,5715,5730,5735,5738,5750,5753,5837,5840,5861,5867,5869,5877,5891,5893,5927,5929,5932,5993,5995,6012,6015,6042,6044,6052,6064,6068,6071,6110,6112,6120,6122,6138,6146,6149,6192,6194,6202,6207,6211,6219,6222,6249,6252,6255,6329,6331,6339,6346,6370,6381,6384,6462,6464,6472,6479,6483,6488,6503,6505,6513,6516,6522,6525,6570,6572,6589,6593,6598,6609,6612,6725,6728,6787,6793,6795,6800,6804,6806,6825,6831,6834,6853,6857,6866,6893,6895,6903,6911,6915,6921,6944,6946,6954,6961,6965,6968,7019,7022,7073,7076,7078,7082,7089,7093,7100,7104,7112,7116,7119,7141,7143,7193,7195,7222],[10,5562,5558],{"id":5563},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5565,5566,5568,5569,140],{},[15,5567,5463],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[39,5570,5571],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5573,5574],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[29,5576,5577,5580,5583,5586,5589],{},[32,5578,5579],{},"lists",[32,5581,5582],{},"tuples",[32,5584,5585],{},"sets",[32,5587,5588],{},"strings",[32,5590,5591],{},"generator expressions",[20,5593,5594,5595,3159,5597,5599],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5596,3885],{},[15,5598,3954],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[52,5601,5603],{"className":54,"code":5602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5604,5605,5625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5606,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5608,4103],{"class":67},[61,5610,72],{"class":71},[61,5612,926],{"class":75},[61,5614,2405],{"class":79},[61,5616,83],{"class":75},[61,5618,4119],{"class":503},[61,5620,83],{"class":75},[61,5622,117],{"class":79},[61,5624,943],{"class":75},[61,5626,5627,5629,5631,5634,5636,5639,5642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5628,160],{"class":159},[61,5630,147],{"class":75},[61,5632,5633],{"class":159},"any",[61,5635,147],{"class":75},[61,5637,5638],{"class":143},"values",[61,5640,5641],{"class":75},"))",[61,5643,3944],{"class":173},[20,5645,1503,5646,5649,5650,5652],{},[15,5647,5648],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5651,3885],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[47,5654,5656],{"id":5655},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5658,5659,5661],{},[15,5660,5463],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5663,5664],{},"It returns:",[29,5666,5667,5672,5677],{},[32,5668,5669,5671],{},[15,5670,3885],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[32,5673,5674,5676],{},[15,5675,3954],{}," if all items are falsy",[32,5678,5679,5681],{},[15,5680,3954],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5683,5684],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[29,5686,5687,5690,5693],{},[32,5688,5689],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[32,5691,5692],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[32,5694,5695],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5697,5698,5699,5702,5703,140],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[39,5700,5701],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[214,5704,5706],{"href":5705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5707,3859],{},[47,5709,5711],{"id":5710},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5713,5714],{},"The syntax is simple:",[52,5716,5718],{"className":54,"code":5717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5719,5720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5721,5722,5724,5726,5728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5723,5633],{"class":159},[61,5725,147],{"class":75},[61,5727,4000],{"class":143},[61,5729,153],{"class":75},[20,5731,5732,5733,140],{},"The argument must be an ",[39,5734,4000],{},[20,5736,5737],{},"Common inputs include:",[29,5739,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748],{},[32,5741,5579],{},[32,5743,5582],{},[32,5745,5585],{},[32,5747,5588],{},[32,5749,5591],{},[20,5751,5752],{},"For example:",[52,5754,5756],{"className":54,"code":5755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5757,5758,5780,5799,5819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5759,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5761,160],{"class":159},[61,5763,147],{"class":75},[61,5765,5633],{"class":159},[61,5767,1878],{"class":75},[61,5769,2405],{"class":79},[61,5771,83],{"class":75},[61,5773,4114],{"class":79},[61,5775,83],{"class":75},[61,5777,1720],{"class":79},[61,5779,3279],{"class":75},[61,5781,5782,5784,5786,5788,5791,5793,5795,5797],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5783,160],{"class":159},[61,5785,147],{"class":75},[61,5787,5633],{"class":159},[61,5789,5790],{"class":75},"((",[61,5792,3954],{"class":4133},[61,5794,83],{"class":75},[61,5796,4189],{"class":4133},[61,5798,3193],{"class":75},[61,5800,5801,5803,5805,5807,5810,5812,5814,5816],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,5802,160],{"class":159},[61,5804,147],{"class":75},[61,5806,5633],{"class":159},[61,5808,5809],{"class":75},"({",[61,5811,2405],{"class":79},[61,5813,83],{"class":75},[61,5815,86],{"class":79},[61,5817,5818],{"class":75},"}))\n",[61,5820,5821,5823,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,5822,160],{"class":159},[61,5824,147],{"class":75},[61,5826,5633],{"class":159},[61,5828,147],{"class":75},[61,5830,504],{"class":503},[61,5832,4126],{"class":507},[61,5834,504],{"class":503},[61,5836,1761],{"class":75},[20,5838,5839],{},"Expected output:",[52,5841,5843],{"className":54,"code":5842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5844,5845,5849,5853,5857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5846,5847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5848,4262],{"class":4133},[61,5850,5851],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5852,4323],{"class":4133},[61,5854,5855],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,5856,4262],{"class":4133},[61,5858,5859],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,5860,4262],{"class":4133},[20,5862,5863,5864,140],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[214,5865,5416],{"href":5866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[47,5868,4009],{"id":4008},[20,5870,4012,5871,3159,5874,4017],{},[39,5872,5873],{},"truthy",[39,5875,5876],{},"falsy",[29,5878,5879,5885],{},[32,5880,5881,4025,5883],{},[39,5882,4024],{},[15,5884,3885],{},[32,5886,5887,4025,5889],{},[39,5888,4032],{},[15,5890,3954],{},[20,5892,4037],{},[29,5894,5895,5899,5903,5907,5911,5915,5919,5923],{},[32,5896,5897],{},[15,5898,3954],{},[32,5900,5901],{},[15,5902,2405],{},[32,5904,5905],{},[15,5906,4048],{},[32,5908,5909],{},[15,5910,4053],{},[32,5912,5913],{},[15,5914,4067],{},[32,5916,5917],{},[15,5918,4072],{},[32,5920,5921],{},[15,5922,4077],{},[32,5924,5925],{},[15,5926,4058],{},[20,5928,4080],{},[20,5930,5931],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[52,5933,5935],{"className":54,"code":5934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5936,5937,5951,5969],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5938,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5940,160],{"class":159},[61,5942,147],{"class":75},[61,5944,5633],{"class":159},[61,5946,1878],{"class":75},[61,5948,80],{"class":79},[61,5950,3279],{"class":75},[61,5952,5953,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5954,160],{"class":159},[61,5956,147],{"class":75},[61,5958,5633],{"class":159},[61,5960,1878],{"class":75},[61,5962,630],{"class":503},[61,5964,4126],{"class":507},[61,5966,630],{"class":503},[61,5968,3279],{"class":75},[61,5970,5971,5973,5975,5977,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,5972,160],{"class":159},[61,5974,147],{"class":75},[61,5976,5633],{"class":159},[61,5978,5979],{"class":75},"([[",[61,5981,80],{"class":79},[61,5983,83],{"class":75},[61,5985,86],{"class":79},[61,5987,83],{"class":75},[61,5989,91],{"class":79},[61,5991,5992],{"class":75},"]]))\n",[20,5994,5839],{},[52,5996,5998],{"className":54,"code":5997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5999,6000,6004,6008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6001,6002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6003,4262],{"class":4133},[61,6005,6006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6007,4262],{"class":4133},[61,6009,6010],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6011,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6013,6014],{},"And these are all falsy:",[52,6016,6018],{"className":54,"code":6017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6019,6020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6023,160],{"class":159},[61,6025,147],{"class":75},[61,6027,5633],{"class":159},[61,6029,1878],{"class":75},[61,6031,2405],{"class":79},[61,6033,83],{"class":75},[61,6035,4119],{"class":503},[61,6037,83],{"class":75},[61,6039,4134],{"class":4133},[61,6041,3279],{"class":75},[20,6043,5839],{},[52,6045,6046],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6047,6048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6049,6050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6051,4323],{"class":4133},[20,6053,6054,6055,700,6058,140],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[214,6056,4087],{"href":6057},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[214,6059,6061,6063],{"href":6060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6062,4093],{}," explained",[47,6065,6067],{"id":6066},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6069,6070],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[52,6072,6074],{"className":54,"code":6073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6075,6076,6096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6077,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6079,4103],{"class":67},[61,6081,72],{"class":71},[61,6083,926],{"class":75},[61,6085,2405],{"class":79},[61,6087,83],{"class":75},[61,6089,4119],{"class":503},[61,6091,83],{"class":75},[61,6093,117],{"class":79},[61,6095,943],{"class":75},[61,6097,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6099,160],{"class":159},[61,6101,147],{"class":75},[61,6103,5633],{"class":159},[61,6105,147],{"class":75},[61,6107,5638],{"class":143},[61,6109,1761],{"class":75},[20,6111,1598],{},[52,6113,6114],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6115,6116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6117,6118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6119,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6121,4721],{},[29,6123,6124,6129,6133],{},[32,6125,6126,6128],{},[15,6127,2405],{}," is falsy",[32,6130,6131,6128],{},[15,6132,4053],{},[32,6134,6135,6137],{},[15,6136,1013],{}," is truthy",[20,6139,6140,6141,2680,6144,140],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6142,6143],{},"any(values)",[15,6145,3885],{},[20,6147,6148],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[52,6150,6152],{"className":54,"code":6151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6153,6154,6178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6155,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6157,4103],{"class":67},[61,6159,72],{"class":71},[61,6161,926],{"class":75},[61,6163,2405],{"class":79},[61,6165,83],{"class":75},[61,6167,4119],{"class":503},[61,6169,83],{"class":75},[61,6171,4134],{"class":4133},[61,6173,83],{"class":75},[61,6175,4189],{"class":4133},[61,6177,943],{"class":75},[61,6179,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6181,160],{"class":159},[61,6183,147],{"class":75},[61,6185,5633],{"class":159},[61,6187,147],{"class":75},[61,6189,5638],{"class":143},[61,6191,1761],{"class":75},[20,6193,1598],{},[52,6195,6196],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6197,6198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6199,6200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6201,4323],{"class":4133},[20,6203,6204,6205,140],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6206,3954],{},[47,6208,6210],{"id":6209},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6212,6213,6215,6216,140],{},[15,6214,5463],{}," is often used with a ",[39,6217,6218],{},"generator expression",[20,6220,6221],{},"This is a common pattern:",[52,6223,6225],{"className":54,"code":6224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6226,6227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6228,6229,6231,6233,6236,6239,6242,6244,6247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6230,5633],{"class":159},[61,6232,147],{"class":75},[61,6234,6235],{"class":143},"condition ",[61,6237,6238],{"class":4158},"for",[61,6240,6241],{"class":143}," item ",[61,6243,4165],{"class":4158},[61,6245,6246],{"class":143}," items",[61,6248,153],{"class":75},[20,6250,6251],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6253,6254],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[52,6256,6258],{"className":54,"code":6257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6259,6260,6288,6292,6319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6261,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6263,900],{"class":67},[61,6265,72],{"class":71},[61,6267,926],{"class":75},[61,6269,788],{"class":79},[61,6271,83],{"class":75},[61,6273,6274],{"class":79}," 7",[61,6276,83],{"class":75},[61,6278,2506],{"class":71},[61,6280,301],{"class":79},[61,6282,83],{"class":75},[61,6284,6285],{"class":79}," 10",[61,6287,943],{"class":75},[61,6289,6290],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6291,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,6293,6294,6296,6298,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6295,132],{"class":67},[61,6297,72],{"class":71},[61,6299,6300],{"class":159}," any",[61,6302,147],{"class":75},[61,6304,3305],{"class":143},[61,6306,3571],{"class":71},[61,6308,4114],{"class":79},[61,6310,4159],{"class":4158},[61,6312,4162],{"class":143},[61,6314,4165],{"class":4158},[61,6316,956],{"class":143},[61,6318,153],{"class":75},[61,6320,6321,6323,6325,6327],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,6322,160],{"class":159},[61,6324,147],{"class":75},[61,6326,165],{"class":143},[61,6328,153],{"class":75},[20,6330,1598],{},[52,6332,6333],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6334,6335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6336,6337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6338,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6340,6341,6342,6345],{},"This works because ",[15,6343,6344],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[29,6347,6348,6356,6363],{},[32,6349,6350,6353,6354],{},[15,6351,6352],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6355,3954],{},[32,6357,6358,6353,6361],{},[15,6359,6360],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6362,3954],{},[32,6364,6365,6353,6368],{},[15,6366,6367],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6369,3885],{},[20,6371,6372,6373,6375,6376,6378,6379,140],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6374,3885],{}," result, ",[15,6377,5463],{}," can return ",[15,6380,3885],{},[20,6382,6383],{},"Here is another example:",[52,6385,6387],{"className":54,"code":6386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6388,6389,6418,6422,6451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6390,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401,6403,6405,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6392,1778],{"class":67},[61,6394,72],{"class":71},[61,6396,926],{"class":75},[61,6398,504],{"class":503},[61,6400,508],{"class":507},[61,6402,504],{"class":503},[61,6404,83],{"class":75},[61,6406,6407],{"class":503}," \"\"",[61,6409,83],{"class":75},[61,6411,515],{"class":503},[61,6413,518],{"class":507},[61,6415,504],{"class":503},[61,6417,943],{"class":75},[61,6419,6420],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6421,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,6423,6424,6427,6429,6431,6433,6436,6438,6440,6442,6445,6447,6449],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6425,6426],{"class":67},"has_empty_string ",[61,6428,72],{"class":71},[61,6430,6300],{"class":159},[61,6432,147],{"class":75},[61,6434,6435],{"class":143},"word ",[61,6437,4967],{"class":71},[61,6439,6407],{"class":503},[61,6441,4159],{"class":4158},[61,6443,6444],{"class":143}," word ",[61,6446,4165],{"class":4158},[61,6448,1800],{"class":143},[61,6450,153],{"class":75},[61,6452,6453,6455,6457,6460],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,6454,160],{"class":159},[61,6456,147],{"class":75},[61,6458,6459],{"class":143},"has_empty_string",[61,6461,153],{"class":75},[20,6463,1598],{},[52,6465,6466],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6467,6468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6469,6470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6471,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6473,6474,6475,140],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[214,6476,6478],{"href":6477},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[47,6480,6482],{"id":6481},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6484,6485,6486,192],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6487,3954],{},[52,6489,6491],{"className":54,"code":6490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6492,6493],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6494,6495,6497,6499,6501],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6496,160],{"class":159},[61,6498,147],{"class":75},[61,6500,5633],{"class":159},[61,6502,4708],{"class":75},[20,6504,1598],{},[52,6506,6507],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6508,6509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6510,6511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6512,4323],{"class":4133},[20,6514,6515],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6517,6518,6519,6521],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6520,5463],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6523,6524],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[52,6526,6528],{"className":54,"code":6527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6529,6530,6540,6555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6531,6532,6534,6536,6538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6533,160],{"class":159},[61,6535,147],{"class":75},[61,6537,5633],{"class":159},[61,6539,4766],{"class":75},[61,6541,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6543,160],{"class":159},[61,6545,147],{"class":75},[61,6547,5633],{"class":159},[61,6549,147],{"class":75},[61,6551,6552],{"class":503},"\"\"",[61,6554,1761],{"class":75},[61,6556,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6558,160],{"class":159},[61,6560,147],{"class":75},[61,6562,5633],{"class":159},[61,6564,147],{"class":75},[61,6566,2098],{"class":2071},[61,6568,6569],{"class":75},"()))\n",[20,6571,1598],{},[52,6573,6575],{"className":54,"code":6574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6576,6577,6581,6585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6578,6579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6580,4323],{"class":4133},[61,6582,6583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6584,4323],{"class":4133},[61,6586,6587],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6588,4323],{"class":4133},[47,6590,6592],{"id":6591},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6594,1503,6595,6597],{},[15,6596,5463],{}," when you want to:",[29,6599,6600,6603,6606],{},[32,6601,6602],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[32,6604,6605],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[32,6607,6608],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6610,6611],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[52,6613,6615],{"className":54,"code":6614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6616,6617,6642,6646,6656,6660,6674,6693,6703,6708,6713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6618,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637,6640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6620,900],{"class":67},[61,6622,72],{"class":71},[61,6624,926],{"class":75},[61,6626,80],{"class":79},[61,6628,83],{"class":75},[61,6630,91],{"class":79},[61,6632,83],{"class":75},[61,6634,117],{"class":79},[61,6636,83],{"class":75},[61,6638,6639],{"class":79}," 8",[61,6641,943],{"class":75},[61,6643,6644],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6645,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,6647,6648,6651,6653],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,6649,6650],{"class":67},"found_even ",[61,6652,72],{"class":71},[61,6654,6655],{"class":4133}," False\n",[61,6657,6658],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,6659,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,6661,6662,6664,6667,6669,6671],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,6663,6238],{"class":4158},[61,6665,6666],{"class":67}," number ",[61,6668,4165],{"class":4158},[61,6670,956],{"class":67},[61,6672,6673],{"class":75},":\n",[61,6675,6676,6679,6681,6684,6686,6689,6691],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,6677,6678],{"class":4158},"    if",[61,6680,6666],{"class":67},[61,6682,6683],{"class":71},"%",[61,6685,86],{"class":79},[61,6687,6688],{"class":71}," ==",[61,6690,4114],{"class":79},[61,6692,6673],{"class":75},[61,6694,6695,6698,6700],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,6696,6697],{"class":67},"        found_even ",[61,6699,72],{"class":71},[61,6701,6702],{"class":4133}," True\n",[61,6704,6705],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,6706,6707],{"class":4158},"        break\n",[61,6709,6711],{"class":63,"line":6710},9,[61,6712,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,6714,6716,6718,6720,6723],{"class":63,"line":6715},10,[61,6717,160],{"class":159},[61,6719,147],{"class":75},[61,6721,6722],{"class":143},"found_even",[61,6724,153],{"class":75},[20,6726,6727],{},"You can write:",[52,6729,6731],{"className":54,"code":6730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6732,6733,6757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6734,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6736,900],{"class":67},[61,6738,72],{"class":71},[61,6740,926],{"class":75},[61,6742,80],{"class":79},[61,6744,83],{"class":75},[61,6746,91],{"class":79},[61,6748,83],{"class":75},[61,6750,117],{"class":79},[61,6752,83],{"class":75},[61,6754,6639],{"class":79},[61,6756,943],{"class":75},[61,6758,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6760,160],{"class":159},[61,6762,147],{"class":75},[61,6764,5633],{"class":159},[61,6766,147],{"class":75},[61,6768,2501],{"class":143},[61,6770,6683],{"class":71},[61,6772,86],{"class":79},[61,6774,6688],{"class":71},[61,6776,4114],{"class":79},[61,6778,4159],{"class":4158},[61,6780,6666],{"class":143},[61,6782,4165],{"class":4158},[61,6784,956],{"class":143},[61,6786,1761],{"class":75},[20,6788,6789,6790,6792],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6791,5463],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[47,6794,1520],{"id":1519},[20,6796,6797,6798,140],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6799,5463],{},[887,6801,6803],{"id":6802},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6805,4804],{},[52,6807,6809],{"className":54,"code":6808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6810,6811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6812,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6814,160],{"class":159},[61,6816,147],{"class":75},[61,6818,5633],{"class":159},[61,6820,147],{"class":75},[61,6822,1013],{"class":79},[61,6824,1761],{"class":75},[20,6826,6827,6828,6830],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6829,1013],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6832,6833],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[52,6835,6837],{"className":54,"code":6836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6838,6839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6840,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6842,160],{"class":159},[61,6844,147],{"class":75},[61,6846,5633],{"class":159},[61,6848,1878],{"class":75},[61,6850,1013],{"class":79},[61,6852,3279],{"class":75},[887,6854,6856],{"id":6855},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6858,6859,6861,6862,6865],{},[15,6860,5463],{}," needs only ",[39,6863,6864],{},"one"," truthy item.",[52,6867,6869],{"className":54,"code":6868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6870,6871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6872,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6874,160],{"class":159},[61,6876,147],{"class":75},[61,6878,5633],{"class":159},[61,6880,1878],{"class":75},[61,6882,3954],{"class":4133},[61,6884,83],{"class":75},[61,6886,4189],{"class":4133},[61,6888,83],{"class":75},[61,6890,4198],{"class":4133},[61,6892,3279],{"class":75},[20,6894,1598],{},[52,6896,6897],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6898,6899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6900,6901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6902,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6904,6905,6906,6910],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[214,6907,6908],{"href":5705},[15,6909,3859],{}," instead.",[887,6912,6914],{"id":6913},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6916,6917,6918,140],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6919,6920],{},"\"True\"",[52,6922,6924],{"className":54,"code":6923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6925,6926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6927,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6929,160],{"class":159},[61,6931,147],{"class":75},[61,6933,5633],{"class":159},[61,6935,1878],{"class":75},[61,6937,504],{"class":503},[61,6939,3954],{"class":507},[61,6941,504],{"class":503},[61,6943,3279],{"class":75},[20,6945,1598],{},[52,6947,6948],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6949,6950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6951,6952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6953,4262],{"class":4133},[20,6955,6956,6957,6960],{},"That is because ",[15,6958,6959],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[887,6962,6964],{"id":6963},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6966,6967],{},"This works:",[52,6969,6971],{"className":54,"code":6970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6972,6973,6993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6974,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6976,900],{"class":67},[61,6978,72],{"class":71},[61,6980,926],{"class":75},[61,6982,80],{"class":79},[61,6984,83],{"class":75},[61,6986,86],{"class":79},[61,6988,83],{"class":75},[61,6990,91],{"class":79},[61,6992,943],{"class":75},[61,6994,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6996,160],{"class":159},[61,6998,147],{"class":75},[61,7000,5633],{"class":159},[61,7002,1878],{"class":75},[61,7004,3305],{"class":143},[61,7006,4533],{"class":71},[61,7008,86],{"class":79},[61,7010,4159],{"class":4158},[61,7012,4162],{"class":143},[61,7014,4165],{"class":4158},[61,7016,956],{"class":143},[61,7018,3279],{"class":75},[20,7020,7021],{},"But this is usually better:",[52,7023,7025],{"className":54,"code":7024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7026,7027,7047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7028,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7030,900],{"class":67},[61,7032,72],{"class":71},[61,7034,926],{"class":75},[61,7036,80],{"class":79},[61,7038,83],{"class":75},[61,7040,86],{"class":79},[61,7042,83],{"class":75},[61,7044,91],{"class":79},[61,7046,943],{"class":75},[61,7048,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7050,160],{"class":159},[61,7052,147],{"class":75},[61,7054,5633],{"class":159},[61,7056,147],{"class":75},[61,7058,3305],{"class":143},[61,7060,4533],{"class":71},[61,7062,86],{"class":79},[61,7064,4159],{"class":4158},[61,7066,4162],{"class":143},[61,7068,4165],{"class":4158},[61,7070,956],{"class":143},[61,7072,1761],{"class":75},[20,7074,7075],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[47,7077,2109],{"id":2108},[887,7079,7081],{"id":7080},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7083,5428,7084,7086,7087,140],{},[15,7085,3885],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7088,3954],{},[887,7090,7092],{"id":7091},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7094,7095,2680,7097,7099],{},[15,7096,5463],{},[15,7098,3954],{}," for an empty iterable.",[887,7101,7103],{"id":7102},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7105,7106,7108,7109,7111],{},[15,7107,5463],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7110,3859],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[887,7113,7115],{"id":7114},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7117,7118],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[52,7120,7121],{"className":54,"code":6224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7122,7123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7124,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7126,5633],{"class":159},[61,7128,147],{"class":75},[61,7130,6235],{"class":143},[61,7132,6238],{"class":4158},[61,7134,6241],{"class":143},[61,7136,4165],{"class":4158},[61,7138,6246],{"class":143},[61,7140,153],{"class":75},[20,7142,5752],{},[52,7144,7145],{"className":54,"code":7024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7146,7147,7167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7148,7149,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7150,900],{"class":67},[61,7152,72],{"class":71},[61,7154,926],{"class":75},[61,7156,80],{"class":79},[61,7158,83],{"class":75},[61,7160,86],{"class":79},[61,7162,83],{"class":75},[61,7164,91],{"class":79},[61,7166,943],{"class":75},[61,7168,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7170,160],{"class":159},[61,7172,147],{"class":75},[61,7174,5633],{"class":159},[61,7176,147],{"class":75},[61,7178,3305],{"class":143},[61,7180,4533],{"class":71},[61,7182,86],{"class":79},[61,7184,4159],{"class":4158},[61,7186,4162],{"class":143},[61,7188,4165],{"class":4158},[61,7190,956],{"class":143},[61,7192,1761],{"class":75},[47,7194,2172],{"id":2171},[29,7196,7197,7203,7207,7211,7216],{},[32,7198,7199],{},[214,7200,7201,3790],{"href":5705},[15,7202,3859],{},[32,7204,7205],{},[214,7206,4087],{"href":6057},[32,7208,7209],{},[214,7210,5495],{"href":5866},[32,7212,7213],{},[214,7214,7215],{"href":6477},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,7217,7218],{},[214,7219,7220,3790],{"href":6060},[15,7221,4093],{},[2204,7223,7224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":7226},[7227,7228,7229,7230,7231,7232,7233,7234,7240,7246],{"id":5655,"depth":97,"text":5656},{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711},{"id":4008,"depth":97,"text":4009},{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":6209,"depth":97,"text":6210},{"id":6481,"depth":97,"text":6482},{"id":6591,"depth":97,"text":6592},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":7235},[7236,7237,7238,7239],{"id":6802,"depth":122,"text":6803},{"id":6855,"depth":122,"text":6856},{"id":6913,"depth":122,"text":6914},{"id":6963,"depth":122,"text":6964},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":7241},[7242,7243,7244,7245],{"id":7080,"depth":122,"text":7081},{"id":7091,"depth":122,"text":7092},{"id":7102,"depth":122,"text":7103},{"id":7114,"depth":122,"text":7115},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5558,"description":7247},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7253,"title":7254,"body":7255,"description":9387,"extension":2249,"meta":9388,"navigation":125,"path":9389,"seo":9390,"stem":9391,"__hash__":9392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7256,"toc":9350},[7257,7260,7269,7279,7281,7378,7380,7409,7425,7429,7434,7437,7447,7453,7459,7475,7477,7485,7492,7496,7499,7514,7519,7537,7542,7544,7592,7594,7611,7615,7621,7624,7659,7661,7767,7769,7806,7810,7818,7820,7840,7842,7963,7965,7994,7997,8020,8022,8030,8038,8042,8048,8052,8095,8097,8105,8108,8136,8138,8146,8150,8179,8181,8189,8221,8223,8231,8235,8286,8288,8296,8304,8308,8311,8364,8366,8387,8394,8398,8404,8407,8415,8437,8439,8447,8455,8478,8480,8488,8493,8498,8510,8512,8553,8564,8568,8577,8580,8583,8642,8645,8697,8700,8705,8721,8727,8729,8734,8742,8745,8767,8769,8777,8781,8784,8819,8821,8829,8833,8838,8876,8888,8891,8946,8954,8958,8961,8983,8991,8994,9035,9037,9060,9066,9072,9087,9089,9109,9112,9131,9133,9152,9156,9162,9241,9244,9258,9265,9267,9271,9278,9282,9286,9290,9295,9299,9304,9308,9315,9317,9347],[10,7258,7254],{"id":7259},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7261,2266,7262,7264,7265,3159,7267,140],{},[15,7263,4093],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7266,3885],{},[15,7268,3954],{},[20,7270,7271,7272,7274,7275,7278],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7273,4093],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7276,7277],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[47,7280,3890],{"id":3889},[52,7282,7284],{"className":54,"code":7283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7285,7286,7300,7314,7328,7346,7356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7287,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7289,160],{"class":159},[61,7291,147],{"class":75},[61,7293,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7295,147],{"class":75},[61,7297,2405],{"class":79},[61,7299,1761],{"class":75},[61,7301,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7303,160],{"class":159},[61,7305,147],{"class":75},[61,7307,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7309,147],{"class":75},[61,7311,80],{"class":79},[61,7313,1761],{"class":75},[61,7315,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7317,160],{"class":159},[61,7319,147],{"class":75},[61,7321,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7323,147],{"class":75},[61,7325,6552],{"class":503},[61,7327,1761],{"class":75},[61,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7331,160],{"class":159},[61,7333,147],{"class":75},[61,7335,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7337,147],{"class":75},[61,7339,504],{"class":503},[61,7341,4126],{"class":507},[61,7343,504],{"class":503},[61,7345,1761],{"class":75},[61,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7349,160],{"class":159},[61,7351,147],{"class":75},[61,7353,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7355,4708],{"class":75},[61,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7359,160],{"class":159},[61,7361,147],{"class":75},[61,7363,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7365,1878],{"class":75},[61,7367,80],{"class":79},[61,7369,83],{"class":75},[61,7371,86],{"class":79},[61,7373,83],{"class":75},[61,7375,91],{"class":79},[61,7377,3279],{"class":75},[20,7379,5839],{},[52,7381,7383],{"className":54,"code":7382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7384,7385,7389,7393,7397,7401,7405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7386,7387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7388,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7390,7391],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7392,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7394,7395],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7396,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7398,7399],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7400,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7402,7403],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7404,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7406,7407],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7408,4262],{"class":4133},[20,7410,1503,7411,7414,7415,3159,7417,7419,7420,7422,7423,140],{},[15,7412,7413],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7416,3885],{},[15,7418,3954],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7421,3954],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7424,3885],{},[47,7426,7428],{"id":7427},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7430,7431,7433],{},[15,7432,4093],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7435,7436],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[29,7438,7439,7443],{},[32,7440,7441],{},[15,7442,3885],{},[32,7444,7445],{},[15,7446,3954],{},[20,7448,7449,7450,7452],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7451,7277],{}," statements.",[20,7454,7455,7456,7458],{},"You can also call ",[15,7457,4093],{}," with no argument:",[52,7460,7462],{"className":54,"code":7461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool())\n",[15,7463,7464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7465,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7467,160],{"class":159},[61,7469,147],{"class":75},[61,7471,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7473,7474],{"class":75},"())\n",[20,7476,1598],{},[52,7478,7479],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7480,7481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7482,7483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7484,4323],{"class":4133},[20,7486,7487,7488,140],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[214,7489,7491],{"href":7490},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[47,7493,7495],{"id":7494},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7497,7498],{},"The basic syntax is:",[52,7500,7502],{"className":54,"code":7501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bool(value)\n",[15,7503,7504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7507,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7509,147],{"class":75},[61,7511,2755],{"class":143},[61,7513,153],{"class":75},[20,7515,2266,7516,7518],{},[15,7517,2755],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[29,7520,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529,7532,7534],{},[32,7522,3929],{},[32,7524,5588],{},[32,7526,5579],{},[32,7528,5582],{},[32,7530,7531],{},"dictionaries",[32,7533,5585],{},[32,7535,7536],{},"other objects",[20,7538,7539,7540,140],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7541,3954],{},[20,7543,368],{},[52,7545,7547],{"className":54,"code":7546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7548,7549,7563,7582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7550,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7552,160],{"class":159},[61,7554,147],{"class":75},[61,7556,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7558,147],{"class":75},[61,7560,2613],{"class":79},[61,7562,1761],{"class":75},[61,7564,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575,7578,7580],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7566,160],{"class":159},[61,7568,147],{"class":75},[61,7570,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7572,147],{"class":75},[61,7574,504],{"class":503},[61,7576,7577],{"class":507},"Python",[61,7579,504],{"class":503},[61,7581,1761],{"class":75},[61,7583,7584,7586,7588,7590],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7585,160],{"class":159},[61,7587,147],{"class":75},[61,7589,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7591,7474],{"class":75},[20,7593,1598],{},[52,7595,7597],{"className":54,"code":7596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7598,7599,7603,7607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7600,7601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7602,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7604,7605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7606,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7608,7609],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7610,4323],{"class":4133},[47,7612,7614],{"id":7613},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7616,7617,7618,7620],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[39,7619,5876],{}," values.",[20,7622,7623],{},"Common examples:",[29,7625,7626,7630,7634,7638,7642,7647,7651,7655],{},[32,7627,7628],{},[15,7629,2405],{},[32,7631,7632],{},[15,7633,4048],{},[32,7635,7636],{},[15,7637,6552],{},[32,7639,7640],{},[15,7641,4067],{},[32,7643,7644],{},[15,7645,7646],{},"()",[32,7648,7649],{},[15,7650,4072],{},[32,7652,7653],{},[15,7654,4077],{},[32,7656,7657],{},[15,7658,4058],{},[20,7660,368],{},[52,7662,7664],{"className":54,"code":7663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7665,7666,7680,7694,7708,7718,7728,7739,7753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7667,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7669,160],{"class":159},[61,7671,147],{"class":75},[61,7673,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7675,147],{"class":75},[61,7677,2405],{"class":79},[61,7679,1761],{"class":75},[61,7681,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7683,160],{"class":159},[61,7685,147],{"class":75},[61,7687,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7689,147],{"class":75},[61,7691,4048],{"class":79},[61,7693,1761],{"class":75},[61,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7697,160],{"class":159},[61,7699,147],{"class":75},[61,7701,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7703,147],{"class":75},[61,7705,6552],{"class":503},[61,7707,1761],{"class":75},[61,7709,7710,7712,7714,7716],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7711,160],{"class":159},[61,7713,147],{"class":75},[61,7715,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7717,4708],{"class":75},[61,7719,7720,7722,7724,7726],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7721,160],{"class":159},[61,7723,147],{"class":75},[61,7725,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7727,4766],{"class":75},[61,7729,7730,7732,7734,7736],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7731,160],{"class":159},[61,7733,147],{"class":75},[61,7735,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7737,7738],{"class":75},"({}))\n",[61,7740,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,7742,160],{"class":159},[61,7744,147],{"class":75},[61,7746,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7748,147],{"class":75},[61,7750,2098],{"class":2071},[61,7752,6569],{"class":75},[61,7754,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,7756,160],{"class":159},[61,7758,147],{"class":75},[61,7760,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7762,147],{"class":75},[61,7764,4058],{"class":4133},[61,7766,1761],{"class":75},[20,7768,1598],{},[52,7770,7772],{"className":54,"code":7771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7773,7774,7778,7782,7786,7790,7794,7798,7802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7775,7776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7777,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7779,7780],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7781,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7783,7784],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7785,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7787,7788],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7789,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7791,7792],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7793,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7795,7796],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7797,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7799,7800],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,7801,4323],{"class":4133},[61,7803,7804],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,7805,4323],{"class":4133},[47,7807,7809],{"id":7808},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7811,7812,7813,7815,7816,7620],{},"Many values become ",[15,7814,3885],{},". These are often called ",[39,7817,5873],{},[20,7819,7623],{},[29,7821,7822,7825,7828,7831,7834,7837],{},[32,7823,7824],{},"non-zero numbers",[32,7826,7827],{},"non-empty strings",[32,7829,7830],{},"non-empty lists",[32,7832,7833],{},"non-empty tuples",[32,7835,7836],{},"non-empty sets",[32,7838,7839],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7841,368],{},[52,7843,7845],{"className":54,"code":7844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7846,7847,7861,7877,7895,7917,7935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7848,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7850,160],{"class":159},[61,7852,147],{"class":75},[61,7854,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7856,147],{"class":75},[61,7858,1013],{"class":79},[61,7860,1761],{"class":75},[61,7862,7863,7865,7867,7869,7871,7873,7875],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7864,160],{"class":159},[61,7866,147],{"class":75},[61,7868,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7870,147],{"class":75},[61,7872,2308],{"class":71},[61,7874,301],{"class":79},[61,7876,1761],{"class":75},[61,7878,7879,7881,7883,7885,7887,7889,7891,7893],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7880,160],{"class":159},[61,7882,147],{"class":75},[61,7884,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7886,147],{"class":75},[61,7888,504],{"class":503},[61,7890,4126],{"class":507},[61,7892,504],{"class":503},[61,7894,1761],{"class":75},[61,7896,7897,7899,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909,7911,7913,7915],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7898,160],{"class":159},[61,7900,147],{"class":75},[61,7902,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7904,1878],{"class":75},[61,7906,80],{"class":79},[61,7908,83],{"class":75},[61,7910,86],{"class":79},[61,7912,83],{"class":75},[61,7914,91],{"class":79},[61,7916,3279],{"class":75},[61,7918,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7920,160],{"class":159},[61,7922,147],{"class":75},[61,7924,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7926,5790],{"class":75},[61,7928,80],{"class":79},[61,7930,83],{"class":75},[61,7932,86],{"class":79},[61,7934,3193],{"class":75},[61,7936,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7950,7952,7954,7956,7959,7961],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7938,160],{"class":159},[61,7940,147],{"class":75},[61,7942,4149],{"class":2071},[61,7944,5809],{"class":75},[61,7946,504],{"class":503},[61,7948,7949],{"class":507},"name",[61,7951,504],{"class":503},[61,7953,192],{"class":75},[61,7955,515],{"class":503},[61,7957,7958],{"class":507},"Sam",[61,7960,504],{"class":503},[61,7962,5818],{"class":75},[20,7964,1598],{},[52,7966,7968],{"className":54,"code":7967,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7969,7970,7974,7978,7982,7986,7990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7971,7972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7973,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7975,7976],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7977,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7979,7980],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,7981,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7983,7984],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,7985,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7987,7988],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,7989,4262],{"class":4133},[61,7991,7992],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,7993,4262],{"class":4133},[20,7995,7996],{},"One important example is this:",[52,7998,8000],{"className":54,"code":7999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8001,8002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8003,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8005,160],{"class":159},[61,8007,147],{"class":75},[61,8009,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8011,147],{"class":75},[61,8013,504],{"class":503},[61,8015,3954],{"class":507},[61,8017,504],{"class":503},[61,8019,1761],{"class":75},[20,8021,1598],{},[52,8023,8024],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8025,8026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8027,8028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8029,4262],{"class":4133},[20,8031,8032,8033,8035,8036,140],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8034,6959],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8037,3885],{},[47,8039,8041],{"id":8040},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8043,8044,8045,8047],{},"You can use ",[15,8046,4093],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[887,8049,8051],{"id":8050},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[52,8053,8055],{"className":54,"code":8054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8056,8057,8080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8058,8059,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8073,8075,8078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8060,8061],{"class":67},"items ",[61,8063,72],{"class":71},[61,8065,926],{"class":75},[61,8067,2613],{"class":79},[61,8069,83],{"class":75},[61,8071,8072],{"class":79}," 20",[61,8074,83],{"class":75},[61,8076,8077],{"class":79}," 30",[61,8079,943],{"class":75},[61,8081,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090,8093],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8083,160],{"class":159},[61,8085,147],{"class":75},[61,8087,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8089,147],{"class":75},[61,8091,8092],{"class":143},"items",[61,8094,1761],{"class":75},[20,8096,1598],{},[52,8098,8099],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8100,8101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8102,8103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8104,4262],{"class":4133},[20,8106,8107],{},"With an empty list:",[52,8109,8111],{"className":54,"code":8110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8112,8113,8122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8114,8115,8117,8119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8116,8061],{"class":67},[61,8118,72],{"class":71},[61,8120,8121],{"class":75}," []\n",[61,8123,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8125,160],{"class":159},[61,8127,147],{"class":75},[61,8129,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8131,147],{"class":75},[61,8133,8092],{"class":143},[61,8135,1761],{"class":75},[20,8137,1598],{},[52,8139,8140],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8141,8142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8143,8144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8145,4323],{"class":4133},[887,8147,8149],{"id":8148},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[52,8151,8153],{"className":54,"code":8152,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8154,8155,8165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8156,8157,8160,8162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8158,8159],{"class":67},"name ",[61,8161,72],{"class":71},[61,8163,8164],{"class":503}," \"\"\n",[61,8166,8167,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8168,160],{"class":159},[61,8170,147],{"class":75},[61,8172,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8174,147],{"class":75},[61,8176,7949],{"class":143},[61,8178,1761],{"class":75},[20,8180,1598],{},[52,8182,8183],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8184,8185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8186,8187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8188,4323],{"class":4133},[52,8190,8192],{"className":54,"code":8191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8193,8194,8207],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8195,8196,8198,8200,8202,8205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8197,8159],{"class":67},[61,8199,72],{"class":71},[61,8201,515],{"class":503},[61,8203,8204],{"class":507},"Mia",[61,8206,3639],{"class":503},[61,8208,8209,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8210,160],{"class":159},[61,8212,147],{"class":75},[61,8214,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8216,147],{"class":75},[61,8218,7949],{"class":143},[61,8220,1761],{"class":75},[20,8222,1598],{},[52,8224,8225],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8226,8227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8228,8229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8230,4262],{"class":4133},[887,8232,8234],{"id":8233},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[52,8236,8238],{"className":54,"code":8237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8239,8240,8254,8271,8275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8241,8242,8245,8247,8249,8252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8243,8244],{"class":67},"username ",[61,8246,72],{"class":71},[61,8248,515],{"class":503},[61,8250,8251],{"class":507},"alex",[61,8253,3639],{"class":503},[61,8255,8256,8259,8261,8264,8266,8269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8257,8258],{"class":67},"has_name ",[61,8260,72],{"class":71},[61,8262,8263],{"class":2071}," bool",[61,8265,147],{"class":75},[61,8267,8268],{"class":143},"username",[61,8270,153],{"class":75},[61,8272,8273],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,8274,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,8276,8277,8279,8281,8284],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,8278,160],{"class":159},[61,8280,147],{"class":75},[61,8282,8283],{"class":143},"has_name",[61,8285,153],{"class":75},[20,8287,1598],{},[52,8289,8290],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8291,8292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8293,8294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8295,4262],{"class":4133},[20,8297,8298,8299,3159,8301,8303],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8300,3885],{},[15,8302,3954],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[887,8305,8307],{"id":8306},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8309,8310],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[52,8312,8314],{"className":54,"code":8313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8315,8316,8336,8340,8348],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8317,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330,8332,8334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8319,900],{"class":67},[61,8321,72],{"class":71},[61,8323,926],{"class":75},[61,8325,80],{"class":79},[61,8327,83],{"class":75},[61,8329,86],{"class":79},[61,8331,83],{"class":75},[61,8333,91],{"class":79},[61,8335,943],{"class":75},[61,8337,8338],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8339,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,8341,8342,8344,8346],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,8343,7277],{"class":4158},[61,8345,956],{"class":67},[61,8347,6673],{"class":75},[61,8349,8350,8353,8355,8357,8360,8362],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,8351,8352],{"class":159},"    print",[61,8354,147],{"class":75},[61,8356,504],{"class":503},[61,8358,8359],{"class":507},"The list is not empty",[61,8361,504],{"class":503},[61,8363,153],{"class":75},[20,8365,1598],{},[52,8367,8369],{"className":54,"code":8368,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8370,8371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8372,8373,8375,8378,8381,8384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8374,2266],{"class":67},[61,8376,8377],{"class":2071},"list",[61,8379,8380],{"class":71}," is",[61,8382,8383],{"class":71}," not",[61,8385,8386],{"class":67}," empty\n",[20,8388,8389,8390,140],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[214,8391,8393],{"href":8392},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[47,8395,8397],{"id":8396},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8399,8400,8401,8403],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8402,4093],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8405,8406],{},"It does not do that.",[887,8408,8410,2680,8413],{"id":8409},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8411,8412],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8414,3885],{},[52,8416,8417],{"className":54,"code":7999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8418,8419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8420,8421,8423,8425,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8422,160],{"class":159},[61,8424,147],{"class":75},[61,8426,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8428,147],{"class":75},[61,8430,504],{"class":503},[61,8432,3954],{"class":507},[61,8434,504],{"class":503},[61,8436,1761],{"class":75},[20,8438,1598],{},[52,8440,8441],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8442,8443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8444,8445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8446,4262],{"class":4133},[887,8448,8450,2680,8453],{"id":8449},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8451,8452],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8454,3885],{},[52,8456,8458],{"className":54,"code":8457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8459,8460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8461,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474,8476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8463,160],{"class":159},[61,8465,147],{"class":75},[61,8467,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8469,147],{"class":75},[61,8471,504],{"class":503},[61,8473,2405],{"class":507},[61,8475,504],{"class":503},[61,8477,1761],{"class":75},[20,8479,1598],{},[52,8481,8482],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8483,8484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8485,8486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8487,4262],{"class":4133},[20,8489,8490,8491,140],{},"This happens because both values are ",[39,8492,7827],{},[20,8494,8495,8497],{},[15,8496,4093],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8499,8500,8501,8506,8507,8509],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[214,8502,8504],{"href":8503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8505,3239],{},", because ",[15,8508,3239],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8511,368],{},[52,8513,8515],{"className":54,"code":8514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8516,8517,8538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8518,8519,8522,8524,8527,8529,8531,8534,8536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8520,8521],{"class":67},"user_value ",[61,8523,72],{"class":71},[61,8525,8526],{"class":159}," input",[61,8528,147],{"class":75},[61,8530,504],{"class":503},[61,8532,8533],{"class":507},"Enter True or False: ",[61,8535,504],{"class":503},[61,8537,153],{"class":75},[61,8539,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548,8551],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8541,160],{"class":159},[61,8543,147],{"class":75},[61,8545,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8547,147],{"class":75},[61,8549,8550],{"class":143},"user_value",[61,8552,1761],{"class":75},[20,8554,8555,8556,8558,8559,8506,8561,8563],{},"If the user types ",[15,8557,3954],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8560,3885],{},[15,8562,6959],{}," is not empty.",[47,8565,8567],{"id":8566},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8569,8570,8571,8573,8574,8576],{},"In many ",[15,8572,7277],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8575,4093],{}," yourself.",[20,8578,8579],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8581,8582],{},"Instead of this:",[52,8584,8586],{"className":54,"code":8585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8587,8588,8609,8613,8627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8589,8590,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8591,8592],{"class":67},"my_list ",[61,8594,72],{"class":71},[61,8596,926],{"class":75},[61,8598,80],{"class":79},[61,8600,83],{"class":75},[61,8602,86],{"class":79},[61,8604,83],{"class":75},[61,8606,91],{"class":79},[61,8608,943],{"class":75},[61,8610,8611],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8612,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,8614,8615,8617,8619,8621,8624],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,8616,7277],{"class":4158},[61,8618,8263],{"class":2071},[61,8620,147],{"class":75},[61,8622,8623],{"class":143},"my_list",[61,8625,8626],{"class":75},"):\n",[61,8628,8629,8631,8633,8635,8638,8640],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,8630,8352],{"class":159},[61,8632,147],{"class":75},[61,8634,504],{"class":503},[61,8636,8637],{"class":507},"List has items",[61,8639,504],{"class":503},[61,8641,153],{"class":75},[20,8643,8644],{},"You can simply write:",[52,8646,8648],{"className":54,"code":8647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8649,8650,8670,8674,8683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8651,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8653,8592],{"class":67},[61,8655,72],{"class":71},[61,8657,926],{"class":75},[61,8659,80],{"class":79},[61,8661,83],{"class":75},[61,8663,86],{"class":79},[61,8665,83],{"class":75},[61,8667,91],{"class":79},[61,8669,943],{"class":75},[61,8671,8672],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8673,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,8675,8676,8678,8681],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,8677,7277],{"class":4158},[61,8679,8680],{"class":67}," my_list",[61,8682,6673],{"class":75},[61,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,8686,8352],{"class":159},[61,8688,147],{"class":75},[61,8690,504],{"class":503},[61,8692,8637],{"class":507},[61,8694,504],{"class":503},[61,8696,153],{"class":75},[20,8698,8699],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8701,716,8702,8704],{},[15,8703,4093],{}," is still helpful when:",[29,8706,8707,8710,8718],{},[32,8708,8709],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[32,8711,8712,8713,3159,8715,8717],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8714,3885],{},[15,8716,3954],{}," value",[32,8719,8720],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8722,8723,8724,140],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[214,8725,8726],{"href":2581},"Python type() function explained",[47,8728,3111],{"id":3110},[20,8730,8731,8732,140],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8733,4093],{},[887,8735,1524,8737,8739,8740],{"id":8736},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8738,8412],{}," to return ",[15,8741,3954],{},[20,8743,8744],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[52,8746,8747],{"className":54,"code":7999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8748,8749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8750,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8752,160],{"class":159},[61,8754,147],{"class":75},[61,8756,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8758,147],{"class":75},[61,8760,504],{"class":503},[61,8762,3954],{"class":507},[61,8764,504],{"class":503},[61,8766,1761],{"class":75},[20,8768,1598],{},[52,8770,8771],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8772,8773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8774,8775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8776,4262],{"class":4133},[20,8778,1618,8779,6960],{},[15,8780,6959],{},[20,8782,8783],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[52,8785,8787],{"className":54,"code":8786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8788,8789,8801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8790,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8792,2730],{"class":67},[61,8794,72],{"class":71},[61,8796,515],{"class":503},[61,8798,3954],{"class":507},[61,8800,3639],{"class":503},[61,8802,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8804,160],{"class":159},[61,8806,147],{"class":75},[61,8808,2730],{"class":143},[61,8810,4967],{"class":71},[61,8812,515],{"class":503},[61,8814,3885],{"class":507},[61,8816,504],{"class":503},[61,8818,153],{"class":75},[20,8820,1598],{},[52,8822,8823],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8824,8825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8826,8827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8828,4323],{"class":4133},[887,8830,8832],{"id":8831},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8834,8835,8837],{},[15,8836,3239],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[52,8839,8841],{"className":54,"code":8840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8842,8843,8862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8844,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8858,8860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8846,2730],{"class":67},[61,8848,72],{"class":71},[61,8850,8526],{"class":159},[61,8852,147],{"class":75},[61,8854,504],{"class":503},[61,8856,8857],{"class":507},"Enter yes or no: ",[61,8859,504],{"class":503},[61,8861,153],{"class":75},[61,8863,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872,8874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8865,160],{"class":159},[61,8867,147],{"class":75},[61,8869,4149],{"class":2071},[61,8871,147],{"class":75},[61,8873,2755],{"class":143},[61,8875,1761],{"class":75},[20,8877,8555,8878,8881,8882,8884,8885,8563],{},[15,8879,8880],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8883,3885],{}," because ",[15,8886,8887],{},"\"no\"",[20,8889,8890],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[52,8892,8894],{"className":54,"code":8893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8895,8896,8927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8897,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8915,8918,8921,8924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8899,2730],{"class":67},[61,8901,72],{"class":71},[61,8903,8526],{"class":159},[61,8905,147],{"class":75},[61,8907,504],{"class":503},[61,8909,8857],{"class":507},[61,8911,504],{"class":503},[61,8913,8914],{"class":75},").",[61,8916,8917],{"class":143},"strip",[61,8919,8920],{"class":75},"().",[61,8922,8923],{"class":143},"lower",[61,8925,8926],{"class":75},"()\n",[61,8928,8929,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939,8942,8944],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8930,160],{"class":159},[61,8932,147],{"class":75},[61,8934,2730],{"class":143},[61,8936,4967],{"class":71},[61,8938,515],{"class":503},[61,8940,8941],{"class":507},"yes",[61,8943,504],{"class":503},[61,8945,153],{"class":75},[20,8947,8948,8949,8951,8952,140],{},"This gives ",[15,8950,3885],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8953,8941],{},[887,8955,8957],{"id":8956},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8959,8960],{},"These are different:",[29,8962,8963,8967,8971,8975,8979],{},[32,8964,8965],{},[15,8966,3954],{},[32,8968,8969],{},[15,8970,2405],{},[32,8972,8973],{},[15,8974,6552],{},[32,8976,8977],{},[15,8978,4067],{},[32,8980,8981],{},[15,8982,4058],{},[20,8984,8985,8986,2020,8988,8990],{},"They all become ",[15,8987,3954],{},[15,8989,4093],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8992,8993],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[52,8995,8997],{"className":54,"code":8996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8998,8999,9007,9021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9000,9001,9003,9005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9002,2730],{"class":67},[61,9004,72],{"class":71},[61,9006,8121],{"class":75},[61,9008,9009,9011,9013,9015,9017,9019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9010,160],{"class":159},[61,9012,147],{"class":75},[61,9014,2072],{"class":2071},[61,9016,147],{"class":75},[61,9018,2755],{"class":143},[61,9020,1761],{"class":75},[61,9022,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031,9033],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,9024,160],{"class":159},[61,9026,147],{"class":75},[61,9028,4149],{"class":2071},[61,9030,147],{"class":75},[61,9032,2755],{"class":143},[61,9034,1761],{"class":75},[20,9036,1598],{},[52,9038,9040],{"className":54,"code":9039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9041,9042,9056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9043,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9045,3571],{"class":71},[61,9047,3574],{"class":2350},[61,9049,639],{"class":503},[61,9051,8377],{"class":507},[61,9053,630],{"class":503},[61,9055,3583],{"class":71},[61,9057,9058],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9059,4323],{"class":4133},[887,9061,716,9063,9065],{"id":9062},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9064,4072],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9067,9068,9069,9071],{},"In Python, ",[15,9070,4072],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[52,9073,9075],{"className":54,"code":9074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9076,9077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9078,9079,9081,9083,9085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9080,160],{"class":159},[61,9082,147],{"class":75},[61,9084,2072],{"class":2071},[61,9086,7738],{"class":75},[20,9088,1598],{},[52,9090,9092],{"className":54,"code":9091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9093,9094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9095,9096,9098,9100,9102,9105,9107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9097,3571],{"class":71},[61,9099,3574],{"class":2350},[61,9101,639],{"class":503},[61,9103,9104],{"class":507},"dict",[61,9106,630],{"class":503},[61,9108,3583],{"class":71},[20,9110,9111],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[52,9113,9115],{"className":54,"code":9114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9116,9117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9118,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9120,160],{"class":159},[61,9122,147],{"class":75},[61,9124,2072],{"class":2071},[61,9126,147],{"class":75},[61,9128,2098],{"class":2071},[61,9130,6569],{"class":75},[20,9132,1598],{},[52,9134,9136],{"className":54,"code":9135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9137,9138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9141,3571],{"class":71},[61,9143,3574],{"class":2350},[61,9145,639],{"class":503},[61,9147,2098],{"class":507},[61,9149,630],{"class":503},[61,9151,3583],{"class":71},[47,9153,9155],{"id":9154},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9157,9158,9159,9161],{},"If ",[15,9160,4093],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[52,9163,9165],{"className":54,"code":9164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9166,9167,9181,9195,9205,9223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9168,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9170,160],{"class":159},[61,9172,147],{"class":75},[61,9174,4149],{"class":2071},[61,9176,147],{"class":75},[61,9178,2755],{"class":143},[61,9180,1761],{"class":75},[61,9182,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9184,160],{"class":159},[61,9186,147],{"class":75},[61,9188,2072],{"class":2071},[61,9190,147],{"class":75},[61,9192,2755],{"class":143},[61,9194,1761],{"class":75},[61,9196,9197,9199,9201,9203],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,9198,160],{"class":159},[61,9200,147],{"class":75},[61,9202,2755],{"class":143},[61,9204,153],{"class":75},[61,9206,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,9208,160],{"class":159},[61,9210,147],{"class":75},[61,9212,2730],{"class":143},[61,9214,4967],{"class":71},[61,9216,515],{"class":503},[61,9218,3885],{"class":507},[61,9220,504],{"class":503},[61,9222,153],{"class":75},[61,9224,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,9226,160],{"class":159},[61,9228,147],{"class":75},[61,9230,2755],{"class":143},[61,9232,140],{"class":75},[61,9234,8917],{"class":143},[61,9236,8920],{"class":75},[61,9238,8923],{"class":143},[61,9240,7474],{"class":75},[20,9242,9243],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[29,9245,9246,9249,9252,9255],{},[32,9247,9248],{},"what the value really is",[32,9250,9251],{},"whether it is a string",[32,9253,9254],{},"whether it contains spaces",[32,9256,9257],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9259,9260,9261,140],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[214,9262,9264],{"href":9263},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[47,9266,2109],{"id":2108},[887,9268,9270],{"id":9269},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9272,9273,9274,3159,9276,140],{},"It returns either ",[15,9275,3885],{},[15,9277,3954],{},[887,9279,9281],{"id":9280},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9283,5428,9284,140],{},[15,9285,3954],{},[887,9287,9289],{"id":9288},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9291,9292,9293,140],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9294,3885],{},[887,9296,9298],{"id":9297},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9300,9301,9302,140],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9303,3954],{},[887,9305,9307],{"id":9306},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9309,9310,9311,3159,9313,4017],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9312,3885],{},[15,9314,3954],{},[47,9316,2172],{"id":2171},[29,9318,9319,9324,9328,9333,9337,9342],{},[32,9320,9321],{},[214,9322,9323],{"href":6057},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[32,9325,9326],{},[214,9327,8393],{"href":8392},[32,9329,9330],{},[214,9331,9332],{"href":8503},"Python input() function explained",[32,9334,9335],{},[214,9336,8726],{"href":2581},[32,9338,9339],{},[214,9340,9341],{"href":9263},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9343,9344],{},[214,9345,9346],{"href":7490},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2204,9348,9349],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":9351},[9352,9353,9354,9355,9356,9357,9363,9369,9370,9378,9379,9386],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":7427,"depth":97,"text":7428},{"id":7494,"depth":97,"text":7495},{"id":7613,"depth":97,"text":7614},{"id":7808,"depth":97,"text":7809},{"id":8040,"depth":97,"text":8041,"children":9358},[9359,9360,9361,9362],{"id":8050,"depth":122,"text":8051},{"id":8148,"depth":122,"text":8149},{"id":8233,"depth":122,"text":8234},{"id":8306,"depth":122,"text":8307},{"id":8396,"depth":97,"text":8397,"children":9364},[9365,9367],{"id":8409,"depth":122,"text":9366},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8449,"depth":122,"text":9368},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8566,"depth":97,"text":8567},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":9371},[9372,9374,9375,9376],{"id":8736,"depth":122,"text":9373},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8831,"depth":122,"text":8832},{"id":8956,"depth":122,"text":8957},{"id":9062,"depth":122,"text":9377},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9154,"depth":97,"text":9155},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":9380},[9381,9382,9383,9384,9385],{"id":9269,"depth":122,"text":9270},{"id":9280,"depth":122,"text":9281},{"id":9288,"depth":122,"text":9289},{"id":9297,"depth":122,"text":9298},{"id":9306,"depth":122,"text":9307},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7254,"description":9387},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9394,"title":9395,"body":9396,"description":11585,"extension":2249,"meta":11586,"navigation":125,"path":11587,"seo":11588,"stem":11589,"__hash__":11590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9397,"toc":11547},[9398,9404,9410,9417,9422,9433,9440,9548,9552,9619,9624,9629,9634,9637,9648,9653,9656,9667,9674,9676,9681,9685,9710,9714,9723,9727,9790,9794,9827,9831,9876,9880,9917,9921,9924,9980,9984,10029,10032,10037,10076,10080,10103,10106,10120,10133,10137,10142,10209,10213,10249,10252,10260,10263,10327,10331,10363,10369,10371,10431,10438,10441,10519,10523,10556,10560,10563,10607,10611,10647,10650,10667,10670,10673,10726,10729,10740,10747,10756,10759,10816,10820,10861,10868,10876,10882,10890,10902,10907,10918,10991,10994,11006,11021,11025,11030,11034,11036,11079,11085,11088,11151,11155,11158,11167,11172,11209,11213,11216,11224,11227,11266,11270,11273,11324,11328,11349,11356,11358,11364,11391,11394,11449,11452,11463,11465,11472,11480,11486,11491,11498,11501,11508,11515,11517,11544],[10,9399,13,9401,3860],{"id":9400},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9402,9403],{},"dict()",[20,9405,9406,9407,9409],{},"The built-in ",[15,9408,9403],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9411,9412,9413,9416],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[39,9414,9415],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9418,9419,9421],{},[15,9420,9403],{}," is commonly used to:",[29,9423,9424,9427,9430],{},[32,9425,9426],{},"create an empty dictionary",[32,9428,9429],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,9431,9432],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9434,9435,9436,140],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[214,9437,9439],{"href":9438},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[52,9441,9443],{"className":54,"code":9442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9444,9445,9480,9491,9495,9533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9446,9447,9450,9452,9455,9457,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470,9473,9475,9478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9448,9449],{"class":67},"data ",[61,9451,72],{"class":71},[61,9453,9454],{"class":2071}," dict",[61,9456,147],{"class":75},[61,9458,7949],{"class":9459},"s99_P",[61,9461,72],{"class":71},[61,9463,630],{"class":503},[61,9465,5283],{"class":507},[61,9467,630],{"class":503},[61,9469,83],{"class":75},[61,9471,9472],{"class":9459}," age",[61,9474,72],{"class":71},[61,9476,9477],{"class":79},"25",[61,9479,153],{"class":75},[61,9481,9482,9484,9486,9489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9483,160],{"class":159},[61,9485,147],{"class":75},[61,9487,9488],{"class":143},"data",[61,9490,153],{"class":75},[61,9492,9493],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,9494,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,9496,9497,9500,9502,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,9498,9499],{"class":67},"pairs ",[61,9501,72],{"class":71},[61,9503,9504],{"class":75}," [(",[61,9506,630],{"class":503},[61,9508,214],{"class":507},[61,9510,630],{"class":503},[61,9512,83],{"class":75},[61,9514,1720],{"class":79},[61,9516,9517],{"class":75},"),",[61,9519,1058],{"class":75},[61,9521,630],{"class":503},[61,9523,329],{"class":507},[61,9525,630],{"class":503},[61,9527,83],{"class":75},[61,9529,86],{"class":79},[61,9531,9532],{"class":75},")]\n",[61,9534,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9546],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,9536,160],{"class":159},[61,9538,147],{"class":75},[61,9540,9104],{"class":2071},[61,9542,147],{"class":75},[61,9544,9545],{"class":143},"pairs",[61,9547,1761],{"class":75},[20,9549,9550],{},[39,9551,1598],{},[52,9553,9555],{"className":54,"code":9554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9556,9557,9591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9558,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9582,9584,9586,9589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9560,627],{"class":75},[61,9562,630],{"class":503},[61,9564,7949],{"class":507},[61,9566,630],{"class":503},[61,9568,192],{"class":75},[61,9570,639],{"class":503},[61,9572,5283],{"class":507},[61,9574,630],{"class":503},[61,9576,83],{"class":75},[61,9578,639],{"class":503},[61,9580,9581],{"class":507},"age",[61,9583,630],{"class":503},[61,9585,192],{"class":75},[61,9587,9588],{"class":79}," 25",[61,9590,94],{"class":75},[61,9592,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9594,627],{"class":75},[61,9596,630],{"class":503},[61,9598,214],{"class":507},[61,9600,630],{"class":503},[61,9602,192],{"class":75},[61,9604,1720],{"class":79},[61,9606,83],{"class":75},[61,9608,639],{"class":503},[61,9610,329],{"class":507},[61,9612,630],{"class":503},[61,9614,192],{"class":75},[61,9616,86],{"class":79},[61,9618,94],{"class":75},[20,9620,1503,9621,9623],{},[15,9622,9403],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[47,9625,184,9627,187],{"id":9626},"what-dict-does",[15,9628,9403],{},[20,9630,9631,9633],{},[15,9632,9403],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9635,9636],{},"A dictionary:",[29,9638,9639,9642,9645],{},[32,9640,9641],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[32,9643,9644],{},"lets you look up values by key",[32,9646,9647],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9649,9650,9652],{},[15,9651,9403],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9654,9655],{},"Common uses include:",[29,9657,9658,9661,9664],{},[32,9659,9660],{},"making an empty dictionary",[32,9662,9663],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[32,9665,9666],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9668,9669,9670,140],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[214,9671,9673],{"href":9672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[47,9675,221],{"id":220},[20,9677,9678,9680],{},[15,9679,9403],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[887,9682,9684],{"id":9683},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[52,9686,9688],{"className":54,"code":9687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9689,9690,9700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9691,9692,9694,9696,9698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9693,9449],{"class":67},[61,9695,72],{"class":71},[61,9697,9454],{"class":2071},[61,9699,8926],{"class":75},[61,9701,9702,9704,9706,9708],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9703,160],{"class":159},[61,9705,147],{"class":75},[61,9707,9488],{"class":143},[61,9709,153],{"class":75},[20,9711,9712],{},[39,9713,1598],{},[52,9715,9717],{"className":54,"code":9716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n",[15,9718,9719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9720,9721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9722,9716],{"class":75},[887,9724,9726],{"id":9725},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[52,9728,9730],{"className":54,"code":9729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9731,9732,9766,9780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9733,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9735,9499],{"class":67},[61,9737,72],{"class":71},[61,9739,9504],{"class":75},[61,9741,630],{"class":503},[61,9743,214],{"class":507},[61,9745,630],{"class":503},[61,9747,83],{"class":75},[61,9749,1720],{"class":79},[61,9751,9517],{"class":75},[61,9753,1058],{"class":75},[61,9755,630],{"class":503},[61,9757,329],{"class":507},[61,9759,630],{"class":503},[61,9761,83],{"class":75},[61,9763,86],{"class":79},[61,9765,9532],{"class":75},[61,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9769,9449],{"class":67},[61,9771,72],{"class":71},[61,9773,9454],{"class":2071},[61,9775,147],{"class":75},[61,9777,9545],{"class":143},[61,9779,153],{"class":75},[61,9781,9782,9784,9786,9788],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,9783,160],{"class":159},[61,9785,147],{"class":75},[61,9787,9488],{"class":143},[61,9789,153],{"class":75},[20,9791,9792],{},[39,9793,1598],{},[52,9795,9797],{"className":54,"code":9796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9798,9799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9800,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9802,627],{"class":75},[61,9804,630],{"class":503},[61,9806,214],{"class":507},[61,9808,630],{"class":503},[61,9810,192],{"class":75},[61,9812,1720],{"class":79},[61,9814,83],{"class":75},[61,9816,639],{"class":503},[61,9818,329],{"class":507},[61,9820,630],{"class":503},[61,9822,192],{"class":75},[61,9824,86],{"class":79},[61,9826,94],{"class":75},[887,9828,9830],{"id":9829},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[52,9832,9834],{"className":54,"code":9833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9835,9836,9866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9837,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9839,9449],{"class":67},[61,9841,72],{"class":71},[61,9843,9454],{"class":2071},[61,9845,147],{"class":75},[61,9847,7949],{"class":9459},[61,9849,72],{"class":71},[61,9851,630],{"class":503},[61,9853,5283],{"class":507},[61,9855,630],{"class":503},[61,9857,83],{"class":75},[61,9859,9472],{"class":9459},[61,9861,72],{"class":71},[61,9863,9477],{"class":79},[61,9865,153],{"class":75},[61,9867,9868,9870,9872,9874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9869,160],{"class":159},[61,9871,147],{"class":75},[61,9873,9488],{"class":143},[61,9875,153],{"class":75},[20,9877,9878],{},[39,9879,1598],{},[52,9881,9883],{"className":54,"code":9882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9884,9885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9886,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9888,627],{"class":75},[61,9890,630],{"class":503},[61,9892,7949],{"class":507},[61,9894,630],{"class":503},[61,9896,192],{"class":75},[61,9898,639],{"class":503},[61,9900,5283],{"class":507},[61,9902,630],{"class":503},[61,9904,83],{"class":75},[61,9906,639],{"class":503},[61,9908,9581],{"class":507},[61,9910,630],{"class":503},[61,9912,192],{"class":75},[61,9914,9588],{"class":79},[61,9916,94],{"class":75},[887,9918,9920],{"id":9919},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9922,9923],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[52,9925,9927],{"className":54,"code":9926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9928,9929,9970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9964,9966,9968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9932,9449],{"class":67},[61,9934,72],{"class":71},[61,9936,9454],{"class":2071},[61,9938,9939],{"class":75},"([(",[61,9941,630],{"class":503},[61,9943,214],{"class":507},[61,9945,630],{"class":503},[61,9947,83],{"class":75},[61,9949,1720],{"class":79},[61,9951,9952],{"class":75},")],",[61,9954,2840],{"class":9459},[61,9956,72],{"class":71},[61,9958,301],{"class":79},[61,9960,83],{"class":75},[61,9962,9963],{"class":9459}," c",[61,9965,72],{"class":71},[61,9967,107],{"class":79},[61,9969,153],{"class":75},[61,9971,9972,9974,9976,9978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9973,160],{"class":159},[61,9975,147],{"class":75},[61,9977,9488],{"class":143},[61,9979,153],{"class":75},[20,9981,9982],{},[39,9983,1598],{},[52,9985,9987],{"className":54,"code":9986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9988,9989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9990,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9992,627],{"class":75},[61,9994,630],{"class":503},[61,9996,214],{"class":507},[61,9998,630],{"class":503},[61,10000,192],{"class":75},[61,10002,1720],{"class":79},[61,10004,83],{"class":75},[61,10006,639],{"class":503},[61,10008,329],{"class":507},[61,10010,630],{"class":503},[61,10012,192],{"class":75},[61,10014,86],{"class":79},[61,10016,83],{"class":75},[61,10018,639],{"class":503},[61,10020,1071],{"class":507},[61,10022,630],{"class":503},[61,10024,192],{"class":75},[61,10026,91],{"class":79},[61,10028,94],{"class":75},[47,10030,9684],{"id":10031},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10033,1503,10034,10036],{},[15,10035,9403],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[52,10038,10040],{"className":54,"code":10039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10041,10042,10052,10066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10045,9449],{"class":67},[61,10047,72],{"class":71},[61,10049,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10051,8926],{"class":75},[61,10053,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10055,160],{"class":159},[61,10057,147],{"class":75},[61,10059,2072],{"class":2071},[61,10061,147],{"class":75},[61,10063,9488],{"class":143},[61,10065,1761],{"class":75},[61,10067,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,10069,160],{"class":159},[61,10071,147],{"class":75},[61,10073,9488],{"class":143},[61,10075,153],{"class":75},[20,10077,10078],{},[39,10079,1598],{},[52,10081,10083],{"className":54,"code":10082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10084,10085,10099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10086,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10088,3571],{"class":71},[61,10090,3574],{"class":2350},[61,10092,639],{"class":503},[61,10094,9104],{"class":507},[61,10096,630],{"class":503},[61,10098,3583],{"class":71},[61,10100,10101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10102,9716],{"class":75},[20,10104,10105],{},"This gives the same result as:",[52,10107,10109],{"className":54,"code":10108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n",[15,10110,10111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10112,10113,10115,10117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10114,9449],{"class":67},[61,10116,72],{"class":71},[61,10118,10119],{"class":75}," {}\n",[20,10121,10122,10123,10125,10126,10129,10130,10132],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10124,4072],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10127,10128],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10131,9403],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[47,10134,10136],{"id":10135},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10138,10139,10140,140],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10141,9403],{},[52,10143,10145],{"className":54,"code":10144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10146,10147,10185,10199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10148,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10150,9499],{"class":67},[61,10152,72],{"class":71},[61,10154,9504],{"class":75},[61,10156,630],{"class":503},[61,10158,7949],{"class":507},[61,10160,630],{"class":503},[61,10162,83],{"class":75},[61,10164,639],{"class":503},[61,10166,5283],{"class":507},[61,10168,630],{"class":503},[61,10170,9517],{"class":75},[61,10172,1058],{"class":75},[61,10174,630],{"class":503},[61,10176,9581],{"class":507},[61,10178,630],{"class":503},[61,10180,83],{"class":75},[61,10182,9588],{"class":79},[61,10184,9532],{"class":75},[61,10186,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10188,9449],{"class":67},[61,10190,72],{"class":71},[61,10192,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10194,147],{"class":75},[61,10196,9545],{"class":143},[61,10198,153],{"class":75},[61,10200,10201,10203,10205,10207],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,10202,160],{"class":159},[61,10204,147],{"class":75},[61,10206,9488],{"class":143},[61,10208,153],{"class":75},[20,10210,10211],{},[39,10212,1598],{},[52,10214,10215],{"className":54,"code":9882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10216,10217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10218,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10220,627],{"class":75},[61,10222,630],{"class":503},[61,10224,7949],{"class":507},[61,10226,630],{"class":503},[61,10228,192],{"class":75},[61,10230,639],{"class":503},[61,10232,5283],{"class":507},[61,10234,630],{"class":503},[61,10236,83],{"class":75},[61,10238,639],{"class":503},[61,10240,9581],{"class":507},[61,10242,630],{"class":503},[61,10244,192],{"class":75},[61,10246,9588],{"class":79},[61,10248,94],{"class":75},[20,10250,10251],{},"Each pair becomes:",[29,10253,10254,10257],{},[32,10255,10256],{},"the first item as the key",[32,10258,10259],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10261,10262],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[52,10264,10266],{"className":54,"code":10265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10267,10268,10303,10317],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10269,10270,10272,10274,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10271,9499],{"class":67},[61,10273,72],{"class":71},[61,10275,10276],{"class":75}," ((",[61,10278,630],{"class":503},[61,10280,214],{"class":507},[61,10282,630],{"class":503},[61,10284,83],{"class":75},[61,10286,1720],{"class":79},[61,10288,9517],{"class":75},[61,10290,1058],{"class":75},[61,10292,630],{"class":503},[61,10294,329],{"class":507},[61,10296,630],{"class":503},[61,10298,83],{"class":75},[61,10300,86],{"class":79},[61,10302,1761],{"class":75},[61,10304,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10306,9449],{"class":67},[61,10308,72],{"class":71},[61,10310,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10312,147],{"class":75},[61,10314,9545],{"class":143},[61,10316,153],{"class":75},[61,10318,10319,10321,10323,10325],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,10320,160],{"class":159},[61,10322,147],{"class":75},[61,10324,9488],{"class":143},[61,10326,153],{"class":75},[20,10328,10329],{},[39,10330,1598],{},[52,10332,10333],{"className":54,"code":9796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10334,10335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10336,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10338,627],{"class":75},[61,10340,630],{"class":503},[61,10342,214],{"class":507},[61,10344,630],{"class":503},[61,10346,192],{"class":75},[61,10348,1720],{"class":79},[61,10350,83],{"class":75},[61,10352,639],{"class":503},[61,10354,329],{"class":507},[61,10356,630],{"class":503},[61,10358,192],{"class":75},[61,10360,86],{"class":79},[61,10362,94],{"class":75},[20,10364,10365,10366,140],{},"Each item must contain ",[39,10367,10368],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10370,1904],{},[52,10372,10374],{"className":54,"code":10373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10375,10376,10416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10377,10378,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10379,10380],{"class":67},"bad_data ",[61,10382,72],{"class":71},[61,10384,9504],{"class":75},[61,10386,630],{"class":503},[61,10388,214],{"class":507},[61,10390,630],{"class":503},[61,10392,83],{"class":75},[61,10394,1720],{"class":79},[61,10396,83],{"class":75},[61,10398,10399],{"class":79}," 100",[61,10401,9517],{"class":75},[61,10403,1058],{"class":75},[61,10405,630],{"class":503},[61,10407,329],{"class":507},[61,10409,630],{"class":503},[61,10411,83],{"class":75},[61,10413,86],{"class":79},[61,10415,9532],{"class":75},[61,10417,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10429],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10419,132],{"class":67},[61,10421,72],{"class":71},[61,10423,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10425,147],{"class":75},[61,10427,10428],{"class":143},"bad_data",[61,10430,153],{"class":75},[20,10432,10433,10434,10437],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10435,10436],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10439,10440],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[52,10442,10444],{"className":54,"code":10443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10445,10446,10495,10509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10447,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10449,9499],{"class":67},[61,10451,72],{"class":71},[61,10453,9504],{"class":75},[61,10455,630],{"class":503},[61,10457,214],{"class":507},[61,10459,630],{"class":503},[61,10461,83],{"class":75},[61,10463,1720],{"class":79},[61,10465,9517],{"class":75},[61,10467,1058],{"class":75},[61,10469,630],{"class":503},[61,10471,214],{"class":507},[61,10473,630],{"class":503},[61,10475,83],{"class":75},[61,10477,10478],{"class":79}," 99",[61,10480,9517],{"class":75},[61,10482,1058],{"class":75},[61,10484,630],{"class":503},[61,10486,329],{"class":507},[61,10488,630],{"class":503},[61,10490,83],{"class":75},[61,10492,86],{"class":79},[61,10494,9532],{"class":75},[61,10496,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10498,9449],{"class":67},[61,10500,72],{"class":71},[61,10502,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10504,147],{"class":75},[61,10506,9545],{"class":143},[61,10508,153],{"class":75},[61,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,10512,160],{"class":159},[61,10514,147],{"class":75},[61,10516,9488],{"class":143},[61,10518,153],{"class":75},[20,10520,10521],{},[39,10522,1598],{},[52,10524,10526],{"className":54,"code":10525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10527,10528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10529,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10531,627],{"class":75},[61,10533,630],{"class":503},[61,10535,214],{"class":507},[61,10537,630],{"class":503},[61,10539,192],{"class":75},[61,10541,10478],{"class":79},[61,10543,83],{"class":75},[61,10545,639],{"class":503},[61,10547,329],{"class":507},[61,10549,630],{"class":503},[61,10551,192],{"class":75},[61,10553,86],{"class":79},[61,10555,94],{"class":75},[47,10557,10559],{"id":10558},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10561,10562],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[52,10564,10565],{"className":54,"code":9833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10566,10567,10597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10568,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10570,9449],{"class":67},[61,10572,72],{"class":71},[61,10574,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10576,147],{"class":75},[61,10578,7949],{"class":9459},[61,10580,72],{"class":71},[61,10582,630],{"class":503},[61,10584,5283],{"class":507},[61,10586,630],{"class":503},[61,10588,83],{"class":75},[61,10590,9472],{"class":9459},[61,10592,72],{"class":71},[61,10594,9477],{"class":79},[61,10596,153],{"class":75},[61,10598,10599,10601,10603,10605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10600,160],{"class":159},[61,10602,147],{"class":75},[61,10604,9488],{"class":143},[61,10606,153],{"class":75},[20,10608,10609],{},[39,10610,1598],{},[52,10612,10613],{"className":54,"code":9882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10614,10615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10616,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10618,627],{"class":75},[61,10620,630],{"class":503},[61,10622,7949],{"class":507},[61,10624,630],{"class":503},[61,10626,192],{"class":75},[61,10628,639],{"class":503},[61,10630,5283],{"class":507},[61,10632,630],{"class":503},[61,10634,83],{"class":75},[61,10636,639],{"class":503},[61,10638,9581],{"class":507},[61,10640,630],{"class":503},[61,10642,192],{"class":75},[61,10644,9588],{"class":79},[61,10646,94],{"class":75},[20,10648,10649],{},"In this form:",[29,10651,10652,10660],{},[32,10653,10654,10656,10657],{},[15,10655,7949],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10658,10659],{},"'name'",[32,10661,10662,10656,10664],{},[15,10663,9581],{},[15,10665,10666],{},"'age'",[20,10668,10669],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10671,10672],{},"Valid examples:",[52,10674,10676],{"className":54,"code":10675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10677,10678,10716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10679,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10691,10693,10695,10698,10700,10702,10705,10707,10709,10712,10714],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10681,9449],{"class":67},[61,10683,72],{"class":71},[61,10685,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10687,147],{"class":75},[61,10689,10690],{"class":9459},"city",[61,10692,72],{"class":71},[61,10694,630],{"class":503},[61,10696,10697],{"class":507},"Paris",[61,10699,630],{"class":503},[61,10701,83],{"class":75},[61,10703,10704],{"class":9459}," country",[61,10706,72],{"class":71},[61,10708,630],{"class":503},[61,10710,10711],{"class":507},"France",[61,10713,630],{"class":503},[61,10715,153],{"class":75},[61,10717,10718,10720,10722,10724],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10719,160],{"class":159},[61,10721,147],{"class":75},[61,10723,9488],{"class":143},[61,10725,153],{"class":75},[20,10727,10728],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[29,10730,10731,10734,10737],{},[32,10732,10733],{},"spaces",[32,10735,10736],{},"hyphens",[32,10738,10739],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10741,10742,10743,10746],{},"For example, this is ",[39,10744,10745],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[52,10748,10750],{"className":54,"code":10749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10751,10752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10753,10754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10755,10749],{"class":173},[20,10757,10758],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10760,10762],{"className":54,"code":10761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10763,10764,10806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10765,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10767,9449],{"class":67},[61,10769,72],{"class":71},[61,10771,76],{"class":75},[61,10773,630],{"class":503},[61,10775,10776],{"class":507},"first-name",[61,10778,630],{"class":503},[61,10780,192],{"class":75},[61,10782,639],{"class":503},[61,10784,7958],{"class":507},[61,10786,630],{"class":503},[61,10788,83],{"class":75},[61,10790,639],{"class":503},[61,10792,10793],{"class":507},"first name",[61,10795,630],{"class":503},[61,10797,192],{"class":75},[61,10799,639],{"class":503},[61,10801,7958],{"class":507},[61,10803,630],{"class":503},[61,10805,94],{"class":75},[61,10807,10808,10810,10812,10814],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10809,160],{"class":159},[61,10811,147],{"class":75},[61,10813,9488],{"class":143},[61,10815,153],{"class":75},[20,10817,10818],{},[39,10819,1598],{},[52,10821,10823],{"className":54,"code":10822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10824,10825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10826,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10828,627],{"class":75},[61,10830,630],{"class":503},[61,10832,10776],{"class":507},[61,10834,630],{"class":503},[61,10836,192],{"class":75},[61,10838,639],{"class":503},[61,10840,7958],{"class":507},[61,10842,630],{"class":503},[61,10844,83],{"class":75},[61,10846,639],{"class":503},[61,10848,10793],{"class":507},[61,10850,630],{"class":503},[61,10852,192],{"class":75},[61,10854,639],{"class":503},[61,10856,7958],{"class":507},[61,10858,630],{"class":503},[61,10860,94],{"class":75},[47,10862,10864,1310,10866],{"id":10863},"dict-vs",[15,10865,9403],{},[15,10867,4072],{},[20,10869,10870,10871,700,10873,10875],{},"Both ",[15,10872,9403],{},[15,10874,4072],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[887,10877,1503,10879,10881],{"id":10878},"use-when",[15,10880,4072],{}," when:",[29,10883,10884,10887],{},[32,10885,10886],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[32,10888,10889],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[52,10891,10892],{"className":54,"code":10108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10893,10894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10895,10896,10898,10900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10897,9449],{"class":67},[61,10899,72],{"class":71},[61,10901,10119],{"class":75},[887,10903,1503,10905,10881],{"id":10904},"use-dict-when",[15,10906,9403],{},[29,10908,10909,10912,10915],{},[32,10910,10911],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,10913,10914],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[32,10916,10917],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[52,10919,10921],{"className":54,"code":10920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10922,10923,10960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10924,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10926,9449],{"class":67},[61,10928,72],{"class":71},[61,10930,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10932,9939],{"class":75},[61,10934,630],{"class":503},[61,10936,214],{"class":507},[61,10938,630],{"class":503},[61,10940,83],{"class":75},[61,10942,1720],{"class":79},[61,10944,9517],{"class":75},[61,10946,1058],{"class":75},[61,10948,630],{"class":503},[61,10950,329],{"class":507},[61,10952,630],{"class":503},[61,10954,83],{"class":75},[61,10956,86],{"class":79},[61,10958,10959],{"class":75},")])\n",[61,10961,10962,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10963,10964],{"class":67},"info ",[61,10966,72],{"class":71},[61,10968,9454],{"class":2071},[61,10970,147],{"class":75},[61,10972,7949],{"class":9459},[61,10974,72],{"class":71},[61,10976,630],{"class":503},[61,10978,5283],{"class":507},[61,10980,630],{"class":503},[61,10982,83],{"class":75},[61,10984,9472],{"class":9459},[61,10986,72],{"class":71},[61,10988,9477],{"class":79},[61,10990,153],{"class":75},[20,10992,10993],{},"So:",[29,10995,10996,11001],{},[32,10997,10998,11000],{},[15,10999,4072],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[32,11002,11003,11005],{},[15,11004,9403],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11007,11008,11009,11013,11014,140],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[214,11010,11012],{"href":11011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[214,11015,11017,11018,1516],{"href":11016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11019,11020],{},"get()",[47,11022,11024],{"id":11023},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11026,11027,11028,140],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11029,9403],{},[887,11031,11033],{"id":11032},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11035,4804],{},[52,11037,11039],{"className":54,"code":11038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11040,11041,11065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11042,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11044,8061],{"class":67},[61,11046,72],{"class":71},[61,11048,926],{"class":75},[61,11050,630],{"class":503},[61,11052,214],{"class":507},[61,11054,630],{"class":503},[61,11056,83],{"class":75},[61,11058,639],{"class":503},[61,11060,329],{"class":507},[61,11062,630],{"class":503},[61,11064,943],{"class":75},[61,11066,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11068,9449],{"class":67},[61,11070,72],{"class":71},[61,11072,9454],{"class":2071},[61,11074,147],{"class":75},[61,11076,8092],{"class":143},[61,11078,153],{"class":75},[20,11080,11081,11082,140],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11083,11084],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11086,11087],{},"Correct version:",[52,11089,11091],{"className":54,"code":11090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11092,11093,11127,11141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11094,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11096,8061],{"class":67},[61,11098,72],{"class":71},[61,11100,9504],{"class":75},[61,11102,630],{"class":503},[61,11104,214],{"class":507},[61,11106,630],{"class":503},[61,11108,83],{"class":75},[61,11110,1720],{"class":79},[61,11112,9517],{"class":75},[61,11114,1058],{"class":75},[61,11116,630],{"class":503},[61,11118,329],{"class":507},[61,11120,630],{"class":503},[61,11122,83],{"class":75},[61,11124,86],{"class":79},[61,11126,9532],{"class":75},[61,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11130,9449],{"class":67},[61,11132,72],{"class":71},[61,11134,9454],{"class":2071},[61,11136,147],{"class":75},[61,11138,8092],{"class":143},[61,11140,153],{"class":75},[61,11142,11143,11145,11147,11149],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,11144,160],{"class":159},[61,11146,147],{"class":75},[61,11148,9488],{"class":143},[61,11150,153],{"class":75},[887,11152,11154],{"id":11153},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11156,11157],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[52,11159,11161],{"className":54,"code":11160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11162,11163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11164,11165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11166,11160],{"class":173},[20,11168,11169,11170,192],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11171,72],{},[52,11173,11175],{"className":54,"code":11174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11176,11177,11199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11178,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11180,9449],{"class":67},[61,11182,72],{"class":71},[61,11184,9454],{"class":2071},[61,11186,147],{"class":75},[61,11188,7949],{"class":9459},[61,11190,72],{"class":71},[61,11192,630],{"class":503},[61,11194,5283],{"class":507},[61,11196,630],{"class":503},[61,11198,153],{"class":75},[61,11200,11201,11203,11205,11207],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11202,160],{"class":159},[61,11204,147],{"class":75},[61,11206,9488],{"class":143},[61,11208,153],{"class":75},[887,11210,11212],{"id":11211},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11214,11215],{},"This will not work:",[52,11217,11218],{"className":54,"code":10749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,11219,11220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11221,11222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11223,10749],{"class":173},[20,11225,11226],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[52,11228,11230],{"className":54,"code":11229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11231,11232,11256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11233,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11235,9449],{"class":67},[61,11237,72],{"class":71},[61,11239,76],{"class":75},[61,11241,630],{"class":503},[61,11243,10776],{"class":507},[61,11245,630],{"class":503},[61,11247,192],{"class":75},[61,11249,639],{"class":503},[61,11251,7958],{"class":507},[61,11253,630],{"class":503},[61,11255,94],{"class":75},[61,11257,11258,11260,11262,11264],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11259,160],{"class":159},[61,11261,147],{"class":75},[61,11263,9488],{"class":143},[61,11265,153],{"class":75},[887,11267,11269],{"id":11268},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11271,11272],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[52,11274,11276],{"className":54,"code":11275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11277,11278,11314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11279,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11281,9449],{"class":67},[61,11283,72],{"class":71},[61,11285,9454],{"class":2071},[61,11287,9939],{"class":75},[61,11289,630],{"class":503},[61,11291,2458],{"class":507},[61,11293,630],{"class":503},[61,11295,83],{"class":75},[61,11297,1720],{"class":79},[61,11299,9517],{"class":75},[61,11301,1058],{"class":75},[61,11303,630],{"class":503},[61,11305,2458],{"class":507},[61,11307,630],{"class":503},[61,11309,83],{"class":75},[61,11311,86],{"class":79},[61,11313,10959],{"class":75},[61,11315,11316,11318,11320,11322],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11317,160],{"class":159},[61,11319,147],{"class":75},[61,11321,9488],{"class":143},[61,11323,153],{"class":75},[20,11325,11326],{},[39,11327,1598],{},[52,11329,11331],{"className":54,"code":11330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11332,11333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11334,11335,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11336,627],{"class":75},[61,11338,630],{"class":503},[61,11340,2458],{"class":507},[61,11342,630],{"class":503},[61,11344,192],{"class":75},[61,11346,86],{"class":79},[61,11348,94],{"class":75},[20,11350,11351,11352,140],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[214,11353,11355],{"href":11354},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[47,11357,3111],{"id":3110},[20,11359,11360,11361,11363],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11362,9403],{}," include:",[29,11365,11366,11376,11382,11385],{},[32,11367,11368,11369,11372,11373],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11370,11371],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11374,11375],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[32,11377,11378,11379],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11380,11381],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[32,11383,11384],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[32,11386,11387,11388,11390],{},"confusing ",[15,11389,9403],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11392,11393],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,11395,11397],{"className":54,"code":11396,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11398,11399,11413,11423,11434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11400,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409,11411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11402,160],{"class":159},[61,11404,147],{"class":75},[61,11406,2072],{"class":2071},[61,11408,147],{"class":75},[61,11410,9488],{"class":143},[61,11412,1761],{"class":75},[61,11414,11415,11417,11419,11421],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11416,160],{"class":159},[61,11418,147],{"class":75},[61,11420,9488],{"class":143},[61,11422,153],{"class":75},[61,11424,11425,11427,11429,11432],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,11426,160],{"class":159},[61,11428,147],{"class":75},[61,11430,11431],{"class":143},"list_of_pairs",[61,11433,153],{"class":75},[61,11435,11436,11438,11440,11443,11445,11447],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,11437,160],{"class":159},[61,11439,147],{"class":75},[61,11441,11442],{"class":159},"len",[61,11444,147],{"class":75},[61,11446,11431],{"class":143},[61,11448,1761],{"class":75},[20,11450,11451],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[29,11453,11454,11457,11460],{},[32,11455,11456],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[32,11458,11459],{},"what data is being passed in",[32,11461,11462],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[47,11464,2109],{"id":2108},[887,11466,2153,11468,700,11470,2159],{"id":11467},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11469,9403],{},[15,11471,4072],{},[20,11473,11474,11476,11477,11479],{},[15,11475,4072],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11478,9403],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[887,11481,2123,11483,11485],{"id":11482},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11484,9403],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11487,11488,11489,140],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11490,11375],{},[887,11492,5438,11494,11497],{"id":11493},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11495,11496],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11499,11500],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[887,11502,11504,11505,11507],{"id":11503},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11506,9403],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11509,11510,11511,11514],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11512,11513],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[47,11516,2172],{"id":2171},[29,11518,11519,11524,11528,11533,11539],{},[32,11520,11521],{},[214,11522,11523],{"href":9672},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[32,11525,11526],{},[214,11527,9439],{"href":9438},[32,11529,11530],{},[214,11531,11532],{"href":11011},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,11534,11535],{},[214,11536,11017,11537,1516],{"href":11016},[15,11538,11020],{},[32,11540,11541],{},[214,11542,11543],{"href":11354},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2204,11545,11546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":11548},[11549,11551,11557,11558,11559,11560,11567,11573,11574,11584],{"id":9626,"depth":97,"text":11550},"What dict() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":11552},[11553,11554,11555,11556],{"id":9683,"depth":122,"text":9684},{"id":9725,"depth":122,"text":9726},{"id":9829,"depth":122,"text":9830},{"id":9919,"depth":122,"text":9920},{"id":10031,"depth":97,"text":9684},{"id":10135,"depth":97,"text":10136},{"id":10558,"depth":97,"text":10559},{"id":10863,"depth":97,"text":11561,"children":11562},"dict() vs {}",[11563,11565],{"id":10878,"depth":122,"text":11564},"Use {} when:",{"id":10904,"depth":122,"text":11566},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11023,"depth":97,"text":11024,"children":11568},[11569,11570,11571,11572],{"id":11032,"depth":122,"text":11033},{"id":11153,"depth":122,"text":11154},{"id":11211,"depth":122,"text":11212},{"id":11268,"depth":122,"text":11269},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":11575},[11576,11578,11580,11582],{"id":11467,"depth":122,"text":11577},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11482,"depth":122,"text":11579},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11493,"depth":122,"text":11581},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11503,"depth":122,"text":11583},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9395,"description":11585},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11592,"title":11593,"body":11594,"description":13102,"extension":2249,"meta":13103,"navigation":125,"path":13104,"seo":13105,"stem":13106,"__hash__":13107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11595,"toc":13071},[11596,11603,11609,11616,11618,11679,11684,11689,11694,11712,11715,11719,11721,11737,11740,11753,11755,11758,11892,11894,11961,11964,11980,11986,11992,11995,12077,12079,12093,12097,12103,12168,12170,12178,12181,12204,12210,12273,12279,12282,12296,12309,12313,12324,12329,12340,12347,12351,12357,12479,12481,12507,12510,12527,12530,12641,12643,12692,12694,12707,12716,12721,12726,12737,12739,12842,12865,12867,12871,12890,12893,12951,12954,12980,12982,12988,12991,12997,13001,13008,13016,13022,13025,13027,13068],[10,11597,11599,11600,18],{"id":11598},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11601,11602],{},"clear()",[20,11604,11605,11608],{},[15,11606,11607],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11610,11611,11612,11615],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[39,11613,11614],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[47,11617,50],{"id":49},[52,11619,11621],{"className":54,"code":11620,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11622,11623,11655,11666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11624,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11626,9449],{"class":67},[61,11628,72],{"class":71},[61,11630,76],{"class":75},[61,11632,504],{"class":503},[61,11634,214],{"class":507},[61,11636,504],{"class":503},[61,11638,192],{"class":75},[61,11640,1720],{"class":79},[61,11642,83],{"class":75},[61,11644,515],{"class":503},[61,11646,329],{"class":507},[61,11648,504],{"class":503},[61,11650,192],{"class":75},[61,11652,86],{"class":79},[61,11654,94],{"class":75},[61,11656,11657,11659,11661,11664],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11658,9488],{"class":67},[61,11660,140],{"class":75},[61,11662,11663],{"class":143},"clear",[61,11665,8926],{"class":75},[61,11667,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,11669,160],{"class":159},[61,11671,147],{"class":75},[61,11673,9488],{"class":143},[61,11675,442],{"class":75},[61,11677,11678],{"class":173},"  # {}\n",[20,11680,11681,11683],{},[15,11682,11602],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[47,11685,184,11687,187],{"id":11686},"what-clear-does",[15,11688,11602],{},[20,11690,2266,11691,11693],{},[15,11692,11602],{}," method:",[29,11695,11696,11699,11702,11707],{},[32,11697,11698],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[32,11700,11701],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[32,11703,11704,11705],{},"Returns ",[15,11706,4058],{},[32,11708,11709,11710],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11711,4072],{},[20,11713,11714],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11716,9435,11717,140],{},[214,11718,9439],{"href":9438},[47,11720,221],{"id":220},[52,11722,11724],{"className":54,"code":11723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11725,11726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11727,11728,11731,11733,11735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11729,11730],{"class":67},"my_dict",[61,11732,140],{"class":75},[61,11734,11663],{"class":143},[61,11736,8926],{"class":75},[20,11738,11739],{},"Important points:",[29,11741,11742,11747,11750],{},[32,11743,11744,11746],{},[15,11745,11602],{}," takes no arguments",[32,11748,11749],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[32,11751,11752],{},"It empties that dictionary",[47,11754,483],{"id":482},[20,11756,11757],{},"Here is a basic example:",[52,11759,11761],{"className":54,"code":11760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11762,11763,11773,11794,11808,11825,11829,11833,11853,11857,11868,11872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11764,11765,11768,11770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11766,11767],{"class":67},"user ",[61,11769,72],{"class":71},[61,11771,11772],{"class":75}," {\n",[61,11774,11775,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11789,11791],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11776,11777],{"class":503},"    \"",[61,11779,7949],{"class":507},[61,11781,504],{"class":503},[61,11783,192],{"class":75},[61,11785,515],{"class":503},[61,11787,11788],{"class":507},"Maya",[61,11790,504],{"class":503},[61,11792,11793],{"class":75},",\n",[61,11795,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,11797,11777],{"class":503},[61,11799,9581],{"class":507},[61,11801,504],{"class":503},[61,11803,192],{"class":75},[61,11805,9588],{"class":79},[61,11807,11793],{"class":75},[61,11809,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11823],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,11811,11777],{"class":503},[61,11813,10690],{"class":507},[61,11815,504],{"class":503},[61,11817,192],{"class":75},[61,11819,515],{"class":503},[61,11821,11822],{"class":507},"Berlin",[61,11824,3639],{"class":503},[61,11826,11827],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,11828,94],{"class":75},[61,11830,11831],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,11832,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,11834,11835,11837,11839,11841,11844,11846,11848,11851],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,11836,160],{"class":159},[61,11838,147],{"class":75},[61,11840,504],{"class":503},[61,11842,11843],{"class":507},"Before:",[61,11845,504],{"class":503},[61,11847,83],{"class":75},[61,11849,11850],{"class":143}," user",[61,11852,153],{"class":75},[61,11854,11855],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,11856,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,11858,11859,11862,11864,11866],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,11860,11861],{"class":67},"user",[61,11863,140],{"class":75},[61,11865,11663],{"class":143},[61,11867,8926],{"class":75},[61,11869,11870],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,11871,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11884,11886,11888,11890],{"class":63,"line":11874},11,[61,11876,160],{"class":159},[61,11878,147],{"class":75},[61,11880,504],{"class":503},[61,11882,11883],{"class":507},"After:",[61,11885,504],{"class":503},[61,11887,83],{"class":75},[61,11889,11850],{"class":143},[61,11891,153],{"class":75},[20,11893,5839],{},[52,11895,11897],{"className":54,"code":11896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11898,11899,11952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11900,11901,11904,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11902,11903],{"class":67},"Before",[61,11905,192],{"class":75},[61,11907,76],{"class":75},[61,11909,630],{"class":503},[61,11911,7949],{"class":507},[61,11913,630],{"class":503},[61,11915,192],{"class":75},[61,11917,639],{"class":503},[61,11919,11788],{"class":507},[61,11921,630],{"class":503},[61,11923,83],{"class":75},[61,11925,639],{"class":503},[61,11927,9581],{"class":507},[61,11929,630],{"class":503},[61,11931,192],{"class":75},[61,11933,9588],{"class":79},[61,11935,83],{"class":75},[61,11937,639],{"class":503},[61,11939,10690],{"class":507},[61,11941,630],{"class":503},[61,11943,192],{"class":75},[61,11945,639],{"class":503},[61,11947,11822],{"class":507},[61,11949,630],{"class":503},[61,11951,94],{"class":75},[61,11953,11954,11957,11959],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11955,11956],{"class":67},"After",[61,11958,192],{"class":75},[61,11960,10119],{"class":75},[20,11962,11963],{},"What happens here:",[29,11965,11966,11971,11977],{},[32,11967,11968,11970],{},[15,11969,11861],{}," starts with three items",[32,11972,11973,11976],{},[15,11974,11975],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[32,11978,11979],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[47,11981,184,11983,11985],{"id":11982},"what-clear-returns",[15,11984,11602],{}," returns",[20,11987,11988,2680,11990,140],{},[15,11989,11602],{},[15,11991,4058],{},[20,11993,11994],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,11996,11998],{"className":54,"code":11997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11999,12000,12034,12038,12053,12057,12067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12001,12002,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12026,12028,12030,12032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12003,12004],{"class":67},"my_dict ",[61,12006,72],{"class":71},[61,12008,76],{"class":75},[61,12010,504],{"class":503},[61,12012,2458],{"class":507},[61,12014,504],{"class":503},[61,12016,192],{"class":75},[61,12018,1720],{"class":79},[61,12020,83],{"class":75},[61,12022,515],{"class":503},[61,12024,12025],{"class":507},"y",[61,12027,504],{"class":503},[61,12029,192],{"class":75},[61,12031,86],{"class":79},[61,12033,94],{"class":75},[61,12035,12036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12037,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12039,12040,12042,12044,12047,12049,12051],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12041,132],{"class":67},[61,12043,72],{"class":71},[61,12045,12046],{"class":67}," my_dict",[61,12048,140],{"class":75},[61,12050,11663],{"class":143},[61,12052,8926],{"class":75},[61,12054,12055],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12056,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12058,12059,12061,12063,12065],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,12060,160],{"class":159},[61,12062,147],{"class":75},[61,12064,165],{"class":143},[61,12066,153],{"class":75},[61,12068,12069,12071,12073,12075],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,12070,160],{"class":159},[61,12072,147],{"class":75},[61,12074,11730],{"class":143},[61,12076,153],{"class":75},[20,12078,1598],{},[52,12080,12082],{"className":54,"code":12081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{}\n",[15,12083,12084,12089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12085,12086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12087,12088],{"class":4133},"None\n",[61,12090,12091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12092,9716],{"class":75},[887,12094,12096],{"id":12095},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12098,12099,12100,12102],{},"Do ",[39,12101,4909],{}," do this:",[52,12104,12106],{"className":54,"code":12105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12107,12108,12140,12154,12158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12109,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12111,12004],{"class":67},[61,12113,72],{"class":71},[61,12115,76],{"class":75},[61,12117,504],{"class":503},[61,12119,2458],{"class":507},[61,12121,504],{"class":503},[61,12123,192],{"class":75},[61,12125,1720],{"class":79},[61,12127,83],{"class":75},[61,12129,515],{"class":503},[61,12131,12025],{"class":507},[61,12133,504],{"class":503},[61,12135,192],{"class":75},[61,12137,86],{"class":79},[61,12139,94],{"class":75},[61,12141,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12143,12004],{"class":67},[61,12145,72],{"class":71},[61,12147,12046],{"class":67},[61,12149,140],{"class":75},[61,12151,11663],{"class":143},[61,12153,8926],{"class":75},[61,12155,12156],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12157,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12159,12160,12162,12164,12166],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12161,160],{"class":159},[61,12163,147],{"class":75},[61,12165,11730],{"class":143},[61,12167,153],{"class":75},[20,12169,1598],{},[52,12171,12172],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,12173,12174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12175,12176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12177,12088],{"class":4133},[20,12179,12180],{},"Why this happens:",[29,12182,12183,12189,12194],{},[32,12184,12185,12188],{},[15,12186,12187],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[32,12190,12191,12192],{},"The method returns ",[15,12193,4058],{},[32,12195,12196,12197,12200,12201,12203],{},"Then ",[15,12198,12199],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12202,4058],{}," in the variable",[20,12205,12206,12207,12209],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12208,11602],{}," by itself:",[52,12211,12213],{"className":54,"code":12212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12214,12215,12247,12257,12261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12216,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239,12241,12243,12245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12218,12004],{"class":67},[61,12220,72],{"class":71},[61,12222,76],{"class":75},[61,12224,504],{"class":503},[61,12226,2458],{"class":507},[61,12228,504],{"class":503},[61,12230,192],{"class":75},[61,12232,1720],{"class":79},[61,12234,83],{"class":75},[61,12236,515],{"class":503},[61,12238,12025],{"class":507},[61,12240,504],{"class":503},[61,12242,192],{"class":75},[61,12244,86],{"class":79},[61,12246,94],{"class":75},[61,12248,12249,12251,12253,12255],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12250,11730],{"class":67},[61,12252,140],{"class":75},[61,12254,11663],{"class":143},[61,12256,8926],{"class":75},[61,12258,12259],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12260,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12262,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12264,160],{"class":159},[61,12266,147],{"class":75},[61,12268,11730],{"class":143},[61,12270,442],{"class":75},[61,12272,11678],{"class":173},[47,12274,12276,12278],{"id":12275},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12277,11602],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12280,12281],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[52,12283,12284],{"className":54,"code":11723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,12285,12286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12287,12288,12290,12292,12294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12289,11730],{"class":67},[61,12291,140],{"class":75},[61,12293,11663],{"class":143},[61,12295,8926],{"class":75},[52,12297,12299],{"className":54,"code":12298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12300,12301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12302,12303,12305,12307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12304,12004],{"class":67},[61,12306,72],{"class":71},[61,12308,10119],{"class":75},[887,12310,12311],{"id":11663},[15,12312,11602],{},[29,12314,12315,12318,12321],{},[32,12316,12317],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[32,12319,12320],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[32,12322,12323],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[887,12325,12326],{"id":11730},[15,12327,12328],{},"my_dict = {}",[29,12330,12331,12334,12337],{},[32,12332,12333],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[32,12335,12336],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[32,12338,12339],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12341,12342,12343,140],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[214,12344,12346],{"href":12345},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[47,12348,12350],{"id":12349},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12352,12353,12354,12356],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12355,11602],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[52,12358,12360],{"className":54,"code":12359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12361,12362,12395,12405,12409,12420,12424,12444,12464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12363,12364,12367,12369,12371,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12365,12366],{"class":67},"original ",[61,12368,72],{"class":71},[61,12370,76],{"class":75},[61,12372,504],{"class":503},[61,12374,214],{"class":507},[61,12376,504],{"class":503},[61,12378,192],{"class":75},[61,12380,1720],{"class":79},[61,12382,83],{"class":75},[61,12384,515],{"class":503},[61,12386,329],{"class":507},[61,12388,504],{"class":503},[61,12390,192],{"class":75},[61,12392,86],{"class":79},[61,12394,94],{"class":75},[61,12396,12397,12400,12402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12398,12399],{"class":67},"other_ref ",[61,12401,72],{"class":71},[61,12403,12404],{"class":67}," original\n",[61,12406,12407],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12408,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12410,12411,12414,12416,12418],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12412,12413],{"class":67},"original",[61,12415,140],{"class":75},[61,12417,11663],{"class":143},[61,12419,8926],{"class":75},[61,12421,12422],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,12423,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12425,12426,12428,12430,12432,12435,12437,12439,12442],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,12427,160],{"class":159},[61,12429,147],{"class":75},[61,12431,504],{"class":503},[61,12433,12434],{"class":507},"original:",[61,12436,504],{"class":503},[61,12438,83],{"class":75},[61,12440,12441],{"class":143}," original",[61,12443,153],{"class":75},[61,12445,12446,12448,12450,12452,12455,12457,12459,12462],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,12447,160],{"class":159},[61,12449,147],{"class":75},[61,12451,504],{"class":503},[61,12453,12454],{"class":507},"other_ref:",[61,12456,504],{"class":503},[61,12458,83],{"class":75},[61,12460,12461],{"class":143}," other_ref",[61,12463,153],{"class":75},[61,12465,12466,12468,12470,12472,12475,12477],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,12467,160],{"class":159},[61,12469,147],{"class":75},[61,12471,12366],{"class":143},[61,12473,12474],{"class":4158},"is",[61,12476,12461],{"class":143},[61,12478,153],{"class":75},[20,12480,1598],{},[52,12482,12484],{"className":54,"code":12483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12485,12486,12494,12503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12487,12488,12490,12492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12489,12413],{"class":67},[61,12491,192],{"class":75},[61,12493,10119],{"class":75},[61,12495,12496,12499,12501],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12497,12498],{"class":67},"other_ref",[61,12500,192],{"class":75},[61,12502,10119],{"class":75},[61,12504,12505],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12506,4262],{"class":4133},[20,12508,12509],{},"This shows:",[29,12511,12512,12519,12524],{},[32,12513,12514,700,12516,12518],{},[15,12515,12413],{},[15,12517,12498],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[32,12520,12521,12523],{},[15,12522,11602],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[32,12525,12526],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12528,12529],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[52,12531,12533],{"className":54,"code":12532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12534,12535,12567,12575,12579,12587,12591,12609,12627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12536,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12538,12366],{"class":67},[61,12540,72],{"class":71},[61,12542,76],{"class":75},[61,12544,504],{"class":503},[61,12546,214],{"class":507},[61,12548,504],{"class":503},[61,12550,192],{"class":75},[61,12552,1720],{"class":79},[61,12554,83],{"class":75},[61,12556,515],{"class":503},[61,12558,329],{"class":507},[61,12560,504],{"class":503},[61,12562,192],{"class":75},[61,12564,86],{"class":79},[61,12566,94],{"class":75},[61,12568,12569,12571,12573],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12570,12399],{"class":67},[61,12572,72],{"class":71},[61,12574,12404],{"class":67},[61,12576,12577],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12578,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12580,12581,12583,12585],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12582,12366],{"class":67},[61,12584,72],{"class":71},[61,12586,10119],{"class":75},[61,12588,12589],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,12590,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12592,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,12594,160],{"class":159},[61,12596,147],{"class":75},[61,12598,504],{"class":503},[61,12600,12434],{"class":507},[61,12602,504],{"class":503},[61,12604,83],{"class":75},[61,12606,12441],{"class":143},[61,12608,153],{"class":75},[61,12610,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,12612,160],{"class":159},[61,12614,147],{"class":75},[61,12616,504],{"class":503},[61,12618,12454],{"class":507},[61,12620,504],{"class":503},[61,12622,83],{"class":75},[61,12624,12461],{"class":143},[61,12626,153],{"class":75},[61,12628,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,12630,160],{"class":159},[61,12632,147],{"class":75},[61,12634,12366],{"class":143},[61,12636,12474],{"class":4158},[61,12638,12461],{"class":143},[61,12640,153],{"class":75},[20,12642,1598],{},[52,12644,12646],{"className":54,"code":12645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12647,12648,12656,12688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12649,12650,12652,12654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12651,12413],{"class":67},[61,12653,192],{"class":75},[61,12655,10119],{"class":75},[61,12657,12658,12660,12662,12664,12666,12668,12670,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684,12686],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12659,12498],{"class":67},[61,12661,192],{"class":75},[61,12663,76],{"class":75},[61,12665,630],{"class":503},[61,12667,214],{"class":507},[61,12669,630],{"class":503},[61,12671,192],{"class":75},[61,12673,1720],{"class":79},[61,12675,83],{"class":75},[61,12677,639],{"class":503},[61,12679,329],{"class":507},[61,12681,630],{"class":503},[61,12683,192],{"class":75},[61,12685,86],{"class":79},[61,12687,94],{"class":75},[61,12689,12690],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12691,4323],{"class":4133},[20,12693,2463],{},[29,12695,12696,12702],{},[32,12697,12698,12701],{},[15,12699,12700],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[32,12703,12704,12706],{},[15,12705,12498],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12708,12709,12710,140],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[214,12711,12713],{"href":12712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12714,12715],{},"dict.copy()",[47,12717,5240,12719],{"id":12718},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12720,11602],{},[20,12722,12723,12725],{},[15,12724,11602],{}," is useful when you want to:",[29,12727,12728,12731,12734],{},[32,12729,12730],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[32,12732,12733],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[32,12735,12736],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12738,368],{},[52,12740,12742],{"className":54,"code":12741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12743,12744,12753,12769,12789,12802,12806,12810,12815,12826,12830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12745,12746,12749,12751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12747,12748],{"class":67},"session_data ",[61,12750,72],{"class":71},[61,12752,11772],{"class":75},[61,12754,12755,12757,12760,12762,12764,12767],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12756,11777],{"class":503},[61,12758,12759],{"class":507},"user_id",[61,12761,504],{"class":503},[61,12763,192],{"class":75},[61,12765,12766],{"class":79}," 101",[61,12768,11793],{"class":75},[61,12770,12771,12773,12776,12778,12780,12782,12785,12787],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12772,11777],{"class":503},[61,12774,12775],{"class":507},"theme",[61,12777,504],{"class":503},[61,12779,192],{"class":75},[61,12781,515],{"class":503},[61,12783,12784],{"class":507},"dark",[61,12786,504],{"class":503},[61,12788,11793],{"class":75},[61,12790,12791,12793,12796,12798,12800],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12792,11777],{"class":503},[61,12794,12795],{"class":507},"logged_in",[61,12797,504],{"class":503},[61,12799,192],{"class":75},[61,12801,6702],{"class":4133},[61,12803,12804],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,12805,94],{"class":75},[61,12807,12808],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,12809,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12811,12812],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,12813,12814],{"class":173},"# Reset for a new session\n",[61,12816,12817,12820,12822,12824],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,12818,12819],{"class":67},"session_data",[61,12821,140],{"class":75},[61,12823,11663],{"class":143},[61,12825,8926],{"class":75},[61,12827,12828],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,12829,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,12831,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,12833,160],{"class":159},[61,12835,147],{"class":75},[61,12837,12819],{"class":143},[61,12839,442],{"class":75},[61,12841,11678],{"class":173},[20,12843,12844,12845,12851,12852,140,12856,12858,12859,140],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[214,12846,12848],{"href":12847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12849,12850],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[214,12853,12855],{"href":12854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10127,12857],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[214,12860,12862],{"href":12861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12863,12864],{},"dict.popitem()",[47,12866,3111],{"id":3110},[20,12868,11027,12869,192],{},[15,12870,11602],{},[29,12872,12873,12879,12884,12887],{},[32,12874,12875,12876,12878],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12877,11602],{}," to a variable",[32,12880,1524,12881,12883],{},[15,12882,11602],{}," to return a new dictionary",[32,12885,12886],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[32,12888,12889],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12891,12892],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[52,12894,12896],{"className":54,"code":12895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12897,12898,12908,12922,12937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12899,12900,12902,12904,12906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12901,160],{"class":159},[61,12903,147],{"class":75},[61,12905,11730],{"class":143},[61,12907,153],{"class":75},[61,12909,12910,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12911,160],{"class":159},[61,12913,147],{"class":75},[61,12915,2072],{"class":2071},[61,12917,147],{"class":75},[61,12919,11730],{"class":143},[61,12921,1761],{"class":75},[61,12923,12924,12926,12928,12931,12933,12935],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,12925,160],{"class":159},[61,12927,147],{"class":75},[61,12929,12930],{"class":159},"id",[61,12932,147],{"class":75},[61,12934,11730],{"class":143},[61,12936,1761],{"class":75},[61,12938,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,12940,160],{"class":159},[61,12942,147],{"class":75},[61,12944,12399],{"class":143},[61,12946,12474],{"class":4158},[61,12948,12046],{"class":143},[61,12950,153],{"class":75},[20,12952,12953],{},"What these show:",[29,12955,12956,12962,12968,12974],{},[32,12957,12958,12961],{},[15,12959,12960],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[32,12963,12964,12967],{},[15,12965,12966],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[32,12969,12970,12973],{},[15,12971,12972],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[32,12975,12976,12979],{},[15,12977,12978],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[47,12981,2109],{"id":2108},[887,12983,2113,12985,12987],{"id":12984},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12986,11602],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12989,12990],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[887,12992,5422,12994,12996],{"id":12993},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12995,11607],{}," return?",[20,12998,5428,12999,140],{},[15,13000,4058],{},[887,13002,2153,13004,700,13006,2159],{"id":13003},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13005,11602],{},[15,13007,4072],{},[20,13009,13010,13012,13013,13015],{},[15,13011,11602],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13014,4072],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[887,13017,2113,13019,13021],{"id":13018},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13020,11602],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13023,13024],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[47,13026,2172],{"id":2171},[29,13028,13029,13033,13037,13044,13051,13058,13063],{},[32,13030,13031],{},[214,13032,9439],{"href":9438},[32,13034,13035],{},[214,13036,11523],{"href":9672},[32,13038,13039],{},[214,13040,11017,13041,1516],{"href":12847},[15,13042,13043],{},"pop()",[32,13045,13046],{},[214,13047,11017,13048,1516],{"href":12861},[15,13049,13050],{},"popitem()",[32,13052,13053],{},[214,13054,11017,13055,1516],{"href":12712},[15,13056,13057],{},"copy()",[32,13059,13060],{},[214,13061,13062],{"href":12345},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,13064,13065],{},[214,13066,13067],{"href":12854},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2204,13069,13070],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":13072},[13073,13074,13076,13077,13078,13082,13087,13088,13090,13091,13101],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":11686,"depth":97,"text":13075},"What clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":11982,"depth":97,"text":13079,"children":13080},"What clear() returns",[13081],{"id":12095,"depth":122,"text":12096},{"id":12275,"depth":97,"text":13083,"children":13084},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13085,13086],{"id":11663,"depth":122,"text":11602},{"id":11730,"depth":122,"text":12328},{"id":12349,"depth":97,"text":12350},{"id":12718,"depth":97,"text":13089},"When to use clear()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":13092},[13093,13095,13097,13099],{"id":12984,"depth":122,"text":13094},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12993,"depth":122,"text":13096},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13003,"depth":122,"text":13098},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13018,"depth":122,"text":13100},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11593,"description":13102},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13109,"title":13110,"body":13111,"description":15277,"extension":2249,"meta":15278,"navigation":125,"path":15279,"seo":15280,"stem":15281,"__hash__":15282},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13112,"toc":15249},[13113,13118,13123,13133,13135,13224,13228,13269,13274,13281,13299,13308,13310,13331,13333,13345,13347,13426,13430,13471,13473,13476,13604,13608,13688,13691,13709,13712,13716,13722,13724,13735,13737,13932,13936,14041,14044,14062,14065,14072,14077,14081,14095,14097,14224,14228,14308,14321,14327,14330,14338,14342,14468,14472,14546,14551,14682,14686,14760,14763,14777,14781,14785,14799,14801,14937,14941,15010,15012,15017,15039,15042,15149,15152,15163,15170,15172,15178,15181,15188,15191,15198,15206,15210,15213,15215,15246],[10,13114,11599,13116,18],{"id":13115},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13117,13057],{},[20,13119,13120,13122],{},[15,13121,12715],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13124,13125,13126,13128,13129,13132],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13127,13057],{}," makes a ",[39,13130,13131],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[47,13134,50],{"id":49},[52,13136,13138],{"className":54,"code":13137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13139,13140,13178,13195,13199,13210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13141,13142,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13143,13144],{"class":67},"student ",[61,13146,72],{"class":71},[61,13148,76],{"class":75},[61,13150,504],{"class":503},[61,13152,7949],{"class":507},[61,13154,504],{"class":503},[61,13156,192],{"class":75},[61,13158,515],{"class":503},[61,13160,13161],{"class":507},"Ana",[61,13163,504],{"class":503},[61,13165,83],{"class":75},[61,13167,515],{"class":503},[61,13169,9581],{"class":507},[61,13171,504],{"class":503},[61,13173,192],{"class":75},[61,13175,8072],{"class":79},[61,13177,94],{"class":75},[61,13179,13180,13183,13185,13188,13190,13193],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13181,13182],{"class":67},"student_copy ",[61,13184,72],{"class":71},[61,13186,13187],{"class":67}," student",[61,13189,140],{"class":75},[61,13191,13192],{"class":143},"copy",[61,13194,8926],{"class":75},[61,13196,13197],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,13198,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13200,13201,13203,13205,13208],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,13202,160],{"class":159},[61,13204,147],{"class":75},[61,13206,13207],{"class":143},"student_copy",[61,13209,153],{"class":75},[61,13211,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,13213,160],{"class":159},[61,13215,147],{"class":75},[61,13217,13182],{"class":143},[61,13219,12474],{"class":4158},[61,13221,13187],{"class":143},[61,13223,153],{"class":75},[20,13225,13226],{},[39,13227,1598],{},[52,13229,13231],{"className":54,"code":13230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13232,13233,13265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13234,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13236,627],{"class":75},[61,13238,630],{"class":503},[61,13240,7949],{"class":507},[61,13242,630],{"class":503},[61,13244,192],{"class":75},[61,13246,639],{"class":503},[61,13248,13161],{"class":507},[61,13250,630],{"class":503},[61,13252,83],{"class":75},[61,13254,639],{"class":503},[61,13256,9581],{"class":507},[61,13258,630],{"class":503},[61,13260,192],{"class":75},[61,13262,8072],{"class":79},[61,13264,94],{"class":75},[61,13266,13267],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13268,4323],{"class":4133},[20,13270,1503,13271,13273],{},[15,13272,13057],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[47,13275,13277,13278,13280],{"id":13276},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13279,13057],{}," method does",[29,13282,13283,13288,13291,13296],{},[32,13284,13285,13287],{},[15,13286,12715],{}," returns a new dictionary",[32,13289,13290],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[32,13292,13293,13294],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13295,13057],{},[32,13297,13298],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13300,13301,13302,3159,13305,140],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[214,13303,9439],{"href":13304},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[214,13306,9673],{"href":13307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[47,13309,221],{"id":220},[52,13311,13313],{"className":54,"code":13312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13314,13315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13316,13317,13320,13322,13325,13327,13329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13318,13319],{"class":67},"new_dict ",[61,13321,72],{"class":71},[61,13323,13324],{"class":67}," old_dict",[61,13326,140],{"class":75},[61,13328,13192],{"class":143},[61,13330,8926],{"class":75},[20,13332,254],{},[29,13334,13335,13339,13342],{},[32,13336,13337,11746],{},[15,13338,13057],{},[32,13340,13341],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[32,13343,13344],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13346,368],{},[52,13348,13350],{"className":54,"code":13349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13351,13352,13395,13411,13415],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13353,13354,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13391,13393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13355,13356],{"class":67},"colors ",[61,13358,72],{"class":71},[61,13360,76],{"class":75},[61,13362,504],{"class":503},[61,13364,214],{"class":507},[61,13366,504],{"class":503},[61,13368,192],{"class":75},[61,13370,515],{"class":503},[61,13372,13373],{"class":507},"red",[61,13375,504],{"class":503},[61,13377,83],{"class":75},[61,13379,515],{"class":503},[61,13381,329],{"class":507},[61,13383,504],{"class":503},[61,13385,192],{"class":75},[61,13387,515],{"class":503},[61,13389,13390],{"class":507},"blue",[61,13392,504],{"class":503},[61,13394,94],{"class":75},[61,13396,13397,13400,13402,13405,13407,13409],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13398,13399],{"class":67},"new_colors ",[61,13401,72],{"class":71},[61,13403,13404],{"class":67}," colors",[61,13406,140],{"class":75},[61,13408,13192],{"class":143},[61,13410,8926],{"class":75},[61,13412,13413],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,13414,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13416,13417,13419,13421,13424],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,13418,160],{"class":159},[61,13420,147],{"class":75},[61,13422,13423],{"class":143},"new_colors",[61,13425,153],{"class":75},[20,13427,13428],{},[39,13429,1598],{},[52,13431,13433],{"className":54,"code":13432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13434,13435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13436,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13438,627],{"class":75},[61,13440,630],{"class":503},[61,13442,214],{"class":507},[61,13444,630],{"class":503},[61,13446,192],{"class":75},[61,13448,639],{"class":503},[61,13450,13373],{"class":507},[61,13452,630],{"class":503},[61,13454,83],{"class":75},[61,13456,639],{"class":503},[61,13458,329],{"class":507},[61,13460,630],{"class":503},[61,13462,192],{"class":75},[61,13464,639],{"class":503},[61,13466,13390],{"class":507},[61,13468,630],{"class":503},[61,13470,94],{"class":75},[47,13472,483],{"id":482},[20,13474,13475],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[52,13477,13479],{"className":54,"code":13478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13480,13481,13519,13535,13539,13561,13565,13584],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13482,13483,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13484,13485],{"class":67},"person ",[61,13487,72],{"class":71},[61,13489,76],{"class":75},[61,13491,504],{"class":503},[61,13493,7949],{"class":507},[61,13495,504],{"class":503},[61,13497,192],{"class":75},[61,13499,515],{"class":503},[61,13501,13502],{"class":507},"Liam",[61,13504,504],{"class":503},[61,13506,83],{"class":75},[61,13508,515],{"class":503},[61,13510,9581],{"class":507},[61,13512,504],{"class":503},[61,13514,192],{"class":75},[61,13516,9588],{"class":79},[61,13518,94],{"class":75},[61,13520,13521,13524,13526,13529,13531,13533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13522,13523],{"class":67},"person_copy ",[61,13525,72],{"class":71},[61,13527,13528],{"class":67}," person",[61,13530,140],{"class":75},[61,13532,13192],{"class":143},[61,13534,8926],{"class":75},[61,13536,13537],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,13538,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13540,13541,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13555,13558],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,13542,13543],{"class":67},"person_copy",[61,13545,4182],{"class":75},[61,13547,504],{"class":503},[61,13549,9581],{"class":507},[61,13551,504],{"class":503},[61,13553,13554],{"class":75},"]",[61,13556,13557],{"class":71}," =",[61,13559,13560],{"class":79}," 26\n",[61,13562,13563],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,13564,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13566,13567,13569,13571,13573,13576,13578,13580,13582],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,13568,160],{"class":159},[61,13570,147],{"class":75},[61,13572,504],{"class":503},[61,13574,13575],{"class":507},"Original:",[61,13577,504],{"class":503},[61,13579,83],{"class":75},[61,13581,13528],{"class":143},[61,13583,153],{"class":75},[61,13585,13586,13588,13590,13592,13595,13597,13599,13602],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,13587,160],{"class":159},[61,13589,147],{"class":75},[61,13591,504],{"class":503},[61,13593,13594],{"class":507},"Copy:",[61,13596,504],{"class":503},[61,13598,83],{"class":75},[61,13600,13601],{"class":143}," person_copy",[61,13603,153],{"class":75},[20,13605,13606],{},[39,13607,1598],{},[52,13609,13611],{"className":54,"code":13610,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13612,13613,13650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13614,13615,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13616,13617],{"class":67},"Original",[61,13619,192],{"class":75},[61,13621,76],{"class":75},[61,13623,630],{"class":503},[61,13625,7949],{"class":507},[61,13627,630],{"class":503},[61,13629,192],{"class":75},[61,13631,639],{"class":503},[61,13633,13502],{"class":507},[61,13635,630],{"class":503},[61,13637,83],{"class":75},[61,13639,639],{"class":503},[61,13641,9581],{"class":507},[61,13643,630],{"class":503},[61,13645,192],{"class":75},[61,13647,9588],{"class":79},[61,13649,94],{"class":75},[61,13651,13652,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13686],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13653,13654],{"class":67},"Copy",[61,13656,192],{"class":75},[61,13658,76],{"class":75},[61,13660,630],{"class":503},[61,13662,7949],{"class":507},[61,13664,630],{"class":503},[61,13666,192],{"class":75},[61,13668,639],{"class":503},[61,13670,13502],{"class":507},[61,13672,630],{"class":503},[61,13674,83],{"class":75},[61,13676,639],{"class":503},[61,13678,9581],{"class":507},[61,13680,630],{"class":503},[61,13682,192],{"class":75},[61,13684,13685],{"class":79}," 26",[61,13687,94],{"class":75},[20,13689,13690],{},"What happened here:",[29,13692,13693,13699,13706],{},[32,13694,13695,13698],{},[15,13696,13697],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[32,13700,13701,13702,13705],{},"Changing ",[15,13703,13704],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[32,13707,13708],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13710,13711],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[47,13713,13715],{"id":13714},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13717,13718,13128,13720,140],{},[15,13719,13057],{},[39,13721,13131],{},[20,13723,2392],{},[29,13725,13726,13729,13732],{},[32,13727,13728],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[32,13730,13731],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[32,13733,13734],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13736,368],{},[52,13738,13740],{"className":54,"code":13739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13741,13742,13750,13768,13791,13795,13799,13813,13817,13842,13846,13864,13883,13898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13743,13744,13746,13748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13745,13144],{"class":67},[61,13747,72],{"class":71},[61,13749,11772],{"class":75},[61,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13753,11777],{"class":503},[61,13755,7949],{"class":507},[61,13757,504],{"class":503},[61,13759,192],{"class":75},[61,13761,515],{"class":503},[61,13763,13161],{"class":507},[61,13765,504],{"class":503},[61,13767,11793],{"class":75},[61,13769,13770,13772,13775,13777,13779,13781,13784,13786,13789],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,13771,11777],{"class":503},[61,13773,13774],{"class":507},"grades",[61,13776,504],{"class":503},[61,13778,192],{"class":75},[61,13780,926],{"class":75},[61,13782,13783],{"class":79},"90",[61,13785,83],{"class":75},[61,13787,13788],{"class":79}," 85",[61,13790,943],{"class":75},[61,13792,13793],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,13794,94],{"class":75},[61,13796,13797],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,13798,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13800,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,13802,13182],{"class":67},[61,13804,72],{"class":71},[61,13806,13187],{"class":67},[61,13808,140],{"class":75},[61,13810,13192],{"class":143},[61,13812,8926],{"class":75},[61,13814,13815],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,13816,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13818,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13832,13835,13837,13840],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,13820,13207],{"class":67},[61,13822,4182],{"class":75},[61,13824,504],{"class":503},[61,13826,13774],{"class":507},[61,13828,504],{"class":503},[61,13830,13831],{"class":75},"].",[61,13833,13834],{"class":143},"append",[61,13836,147],{"class":75},[61,13838,13839],{"class":79},"100",[61,13841,153],{"class":75},[61,13843,13844],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,13845,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,13847,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,13849,160],{"class":159},[61,13851,147],{"class":75},[61,13853,504],{"class":503},[61,13855,13575],{"class":507},[61,13857,504],{"class":503},[61,13859,83],{"class":75},[61,13861,13187],{"class":143},[61,13863,153],{"class":75},[61,13865,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13881],{"class":63,"line":11874},[61,13867,160],{"class":159},[61,13869,147],{"class":75},[61,13871,504],{"class":503},[61,13873,13594],{"class":507},[61,13875,504],{"class":503},[61,13877,83],{"class":75},[61,13879,13880],{"class":143}," student_copy",[61,13882,153],{"class":75},[61,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896],{"class":63,"line":13885},12,[61,13887,160],{"class":159},[61,13889,147],{"class":75},[61,13891,13144],{"class":143},[61,13893,12474],{"class":4158},[61,13895,13880],{"class":143},[61,13897,153],{"class":75},[61,13899,13901,13903,13905,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930],{"class":63,"line":13900},13,[61,13902,160],{"class":159},[61,13904,147],{"class":75},[61,13906,13907],{"class":143},"student",[61,13909,4182],{"class":75},[61,13911,504],{"class":503},[61,13913,13774],{"class":507},[61,13915,504],{"class":503},[61,13917,13554],{"class":75},[61,13919,8380],{"class":4158},[61,13921,13880],{"class":143},[61,13923,4182],{"class":75},[61,13925,504],{"class":503},[61,13927,13774],{"class":507},[61,13929,504],{"class":503},[61,13931,1887],{"class":75},[20,13933,13934],{},[39,13935,1598],{},[52,13937,13939],{"className":54,"code":13938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13940,13941,13987,14033,14037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13942,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13944,13617],{"class":67},[61,13946,192],{"class":75},[61,13948,76],{"class":75},[61,13950,630],{"class":503},[61,13952,7949],{"class":507},[61,13954,630],{"class":503},[61,13956,192],{"class":75},[61,13958,639],{"class":503},[61,13960,13161],{"class":507},[61,13962,630],{"class":503},[61,13964,83],{"class":75},[61,13966,639],{"class":503},[61,13968,13774],{"class":507},[61,13970,630],{"class":503},[61,13972,192],{"class":75},[61,13974,926],{"class":75},[61,13976,13783],{"class":79},[61,13978,83],{"class":75},[61,13980,13788],{"class":79},[61,13982,83],{"class":75},[61,13984,10399],{"class":79},[61,13986,1937],{"class":75},[61,13988,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13990,13654],{"class":67},[61,13992,192],{"class":75},[61,13994,76],{"class":75},[61,13996,630],{"class":503},[61,13998,7949],{"class":507},[61,14000,630],{"class":503},[61,14002,192],{"class":75},[61,14004,639],{"class":503},[61,14006,13161],{"class":507},[61,14008,630],{"class":503},[61,14010,83],{"class":75},[61,14012,639],{"class":503},[61,14014,13774],{"class":507},[61,14016,630],{"class":503},[61,14018,192],{"class":75},[61,14020,926],{"class":75},[61,14022,13783],{"class":79},[61,14024,83],{"class":75},[61,14026,13788],{"class":79},[61,14028,83],{"class":75},[61,14030,10399],{"class":79},[61,14032,1937],{"class":75},[61,14034,14035],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14036,4323],{"class":4133},[61,14038,14039],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,14040,4262],{"class":4133},[20,14042,14043],{},"Notice the difference:",[29,14045,14046,14054],{},[32,14047,14048,5062,14051,14053],{},[15,14049,14050],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14052,3954],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[32,14055,14056,5062,14059,14061],{},[15,14057,14058],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14060,3885],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14063,14064],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14066,14067,14068,140],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[214,14069,14071],{"href":14070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[47,14073,5240,14075],{"id":14074},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14076,13057],{},[20,14078,1503,14079,10881],{},[15,14080,13057],{},[29,14082,14083,14086,14089,14092],{},[32,14084,14085],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[32,14087,14088],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[32,14090,14091],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[32,14093,14094],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14096,368],{},[52,14098,14100],{"className":54,"code":14099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14101,14102,14141,14157,14161,14181,14185,14204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14103,14104,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14132,14134,14136,14139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14105,14106],{"class":67},"settings ",[61,14108,72],{"class":71},[61,14110,76],{"class":75},[61,14112,504],{"class":503},[61,14114,12775],{"class":507},[61,14116,504],{"class":503},[61,14118,192],{"class":75},[61,14120,515],{"class":503},[61,14122,12784],{"class":507},[61,14124,504],{"class":503},[61,14126,83],{"class":75},[61,14128,515],{"class":503},[61,14130,14131],{"class":507},"font_size",[61,14133,504],{"class":503},[61,14135,192],{"class":75},[61,14137,14138],{"class":79}," 14",[61,14140,94],{"class":75},[61,14142,14143,14146,14148,14151,14153,14155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14144,14145],{"class":67},"settings_backup ",[61,14147,72],{"class":71},[61,14149,14150],{"class":67}," settings",[61,14152,140],{"class":75},[61,14154,13192],{"class":143},[61,14156,8926],{"class":75},[61,14158,14159],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14160,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14162,14163,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,14164,14165],{"class":67},"settings",[61,14167,4182],{"class":75},[61,14169,504],{"class":503},[61,14171,14131],{"class":507},[61,14173,504],{"class":503},[61,14175,13554],{"class":75},[61,14177,13557],{"class":71},[61,14179,14180],{"class":79}," 16\n",[61,14182,14183],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,14184,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14186,14187,14189,14191,14193,14196,14198,14200,14202],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,14188,160],{"class":159},[61,14190,147],{"class":75},[61,14192,504],{"class":503},[61,14194,14195],{"class":507},"Current:",[61,14197,504],{"class":503},[61,14199,83],{"class":75},[61,14201,14150],{"class":143},[61,14203,153],{"class":75},[61,14205,14206,14208,14210,14212,14215,14217,14219,14222],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,14207,160],{"class":159},[61,14209,147],{"class":75},[61,14211,504],{"class":503},[61,14213,14214],{"class":507},"Backup:",[61,14216,504],{"class":503},[61,14218,83],{"class":75},[61,14220,14221],{"class":143}," settings_backup",[61,14223,153],{"class":75},[20,14225,14226],{},[39,14227,1598],{},[52,14229,14231],{"className":54,"code":14230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14232,14233,14271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14234,14235,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14236,14237],{"class":67},"Current",[61,14239,192],{"class":75},[61,14241,76],{"class":75},[61,14243,630],{"class":503},[61,14245,12775],{"class":507},[61,14247,630],{"class":503},[61,14249,192],{"class":75},[61,14251,639],{"class":503},[61,14253,12784],{"class":507},[61,14255,630],{"class":503},[61,14257,83],{"class":75},[61,14259,639],{"class":503},[61,14261,14131],{"class":507},[61,14263,630],{"class":503},[61,14265,192],{"class":75},[61,14267,14268],{"class":79}," 16",[61,14270,94],{"class":75},[61,14272,14273,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14274,14275],{"class":67},"Backup",[61,14277,192],{"class":75},[61,14279,76],{"class":75},[61,14281,630],{"class":503},[61,14283,12775],{"class":507},[61,14285,630],{"class":503},[61,14287,192],{"class":75},[61,14289,639],{"class":503},[61,14291,12784],{"class":507},[61,14293,630],{"class":503},[61,14295,83],{"class":75},[61,14297,639],{"class":503},[61,14299,14131],{"class":507},[61,14301,630],{"class":503},[61,14303,192],{"class":75},[61,14305,14138],{"class":79},[61,14307,94],{"class":75},[20,14309,14310,14311,3159,14317,140],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[214,14312,14314],{"href":14313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14315,14316],{},"dict.update()",[214,14318,14319],{"href":13104},[15,14320,11607],{},[47,14322,14324,14326],{"id":14323},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14325,13057],{}," vs assignment",[20,14328,14329],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14331,716,14332,14334,14335,14337],{},[15,14333,72],{}," does ",[39,14336,4909],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[887,14339,14341],{"id":14340},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[52,14343,14345],{"className":54,"code":14344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14346,14347,14379,14388,14392,14412,14416,14434,14454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14348,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14350,12366],{"class":67},[61,14352,72],{"class":71},[61,14354,76],{"class":75},[61,14356,504],{"class":503},[61,14358,2458],{"class":507},[61,14360,504],{"class":503},[61,14362,192],{"class":75},[61,14364,1720],{"class":79},[61,14366,83],{"class":75},[61,14368,515],{"class":503},[61,14370,12025],{"class":507},[61,14372,504],{"class":503},[61,14374,192],{"class":75},[61,14376,86],{"class":79},[61,14378,94],{"class":75},[61,14380,14381,14384,14386],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14382,14383],{"class":67},"assigned ",[61,14385,72],{"class":71},[61,14387,12404],{"class":67},[61,14389,14390],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14391,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14393,14394,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,14395,14396],{"class":67},"assigned",[61,14398,4182],{"class":75},[61,14400,504],{"class":503},[61,14402,2458],{"class":507},[61,14404,504],{"class":503},[61,14406,13554],{"class":75},[61,14408,13557],{"class":71},[61,14410,14411],{"class":79}," 99\n",[61,14413,14414],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,14415,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,14419,160],{"class":159},[61,14421,147],{"class":75},[61,14423,504],{"class":503},[61,14425,13575],{"class":507},[61,14427,504],{"class":503},[61,14429,83],{"class":75},[61,14431,12441],{"class":143},[61,14433,153],{"class":75},[61,14435,14436,14438,14440,14442,14445,14447,14449,14452],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,14437,160],{"class":159},[61,14439,147],{"class":75},[61,14441,504],{"class":503},[61,14443,14444],{"class":507},"Assigned:",[61,14446,504],{"class":503},[61,14448,83],{"class":75},[61,14450,14451],{"class":143}," assigned",[61,14453,153],{"class":75},[61,14455,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,14457,160],{"class":159},[61,14459,147],{"class":75},[61,14461,12366],{"class":143},[61,14463,12474],{"class":4158},[61,14465,14451],{"class":143},[61,14467,153],{"class":75},[20,14469,14470],{},[39,14471,1598],{},[52,14473,14475],{"className":54,"code":14474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14476,14477,14509,14542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14478,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14480,13617],{"class":67},[61,14482,192],{"class":75},[61,14484,76],{"class":75},[61,14486,630],{"class":503},[61,14488,2458],{"class":507},[61,14490,630],{"class":503},[61,14492,192],{"class":75},[61,14494,10478],{"class":79},[61,14496,83],{"class":75},[61,14498,639],{"class":503},[61,14500,12025],{"class":507},[61,14502,630],{"class":503},[61,14504,192],{"class":75},[61,14506,86],{"class":79},[61,14508,94],{"class":75},[61,14510,14511,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14512,14513],{"class":67},"Assigned",[61,14515,192],{"class":75},[61,14517,76],{"class":75},[61,14519,630],{"class":503},[61,14521,2458],{"class":507},[61,14523,630],{"class":503},[61,14525,192],{"class":75},[61,14527,10478],{"class":79},[61,14529,83],{"class":75},[61,14531,639],{"class":503},[61,14533,12025],{"class":507},[61,14535,630],{"class":503},[61,14537,192],{"class":75},[61,14539,86],{"class":79},[61,14541,94],{"class":75},[61,14543,14544],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14545,4262],{"class":4133},[887,14547,716,14549],{"id":14548},"using-copy",[15,14550,13057],{},[52,14552,14554],{"className":54,"code":14553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14555,14556,14588,14603,14607,14626,14630,14648,14668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14557,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14559,12366],{"class":67},[61,14561,72],{"class":71},[61,14563,76],{"class":75},[61,14565,504],{"class":503},[61,14567,2458],{"class":507},[61,14569,504],{"class":503},[61,14571,192],{"class":75},[61,14573,1720],{"class":79},[61,14575,83],{"class":75},[61,14577,515],{"class":503},[61,14579,12025],{"class":507},[61,14581,504],{"class":503},[61,14583,192],{"class":75},[61,14585,86],{"class":79},[61,14587,94],{"class":75},[61,14589,14590,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14591,14592],{"class":67},"copied ",[61,14594,72],{"class":71},[61,14596,12441],{"class":67},[61,14598,140],{"class":75},[61,14600,13192],{"class":143},[61,14602,8926],{"class":75},[61,14604,14605],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14606,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14608,14609,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,14610,14611],{"class":67},"copied",[61,14613,4182],{"class":75},[61,14615,504],{"class":503},[61,14617,2458],{"class":507},[61,14619,504],{"class":503},[61,14621,13554],{"class":75},[61,14623,13557],{"class":71},[61,14625,14411],{"class":79},[61,14627,14628],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,14629,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14631,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,14633,160],{"class":159},[61,14635,147],{"class":75},[61,14637,504],{"class":503},[61,14639,13575],{"class":507},[61,14641,504],{"class":503},[61,14643,83],{"class":75},[61,14645,12441],{"class":143},[61,14647,153],{"class":75},[61,14649,14650,14652,14654,14656,14659,14661,14663,14666],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,14651,160],{"class":159},[61,14653,147],{"class":75},[61,14655,504],{"class":503},[61,14657,14658],{"class":507},"Copied:",[61,14660,504],{"class":503},[61,14662,83],{"class":75},[61,14664,14665],{"class":143}," copied",[61,14667,153],{"class":75},[61,14669,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,14671,160],{"class":159},[61,14673,147],{"class":75},[61,14675,12366],{"class":143},[61,14677,12474],{"class":4158},[61,14679,14665],{"class":143},[61,14681,153],{"class":75},[20,14683,14684],{},[39,14685,1598],{},[52,14687,14689],{"className":54,"code":14688,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14690,14691,14723,14756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14692,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14694,13617],{"class":67},[61,14696,192],{"class":75},[61,14698,76],{"class":75},[61,14700,630],{"class":503},[61,14702,2458],{"class":507},[61,14704,630],{"class":503},[61,14706,192],{"class":75},[61,14708,1720],{"class":79},[61,14710,83],{"class":75},[61,14712,639],{"class":503},[61,14714,12025],{"class":507},[61,14716,630],{"class":503},[61,14718,192],{"class":75},[61,14720,86],{"class":79},[61,14722,94],{"class":75},[61,14724,14725,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14726,14727],{"class":67},"Copied",[61,14729,192],{"class":75},[61,14731,76],{"class":75},[61,14733,630],{"class":503},[61,14735,2458],{"class":507},[61,14737,630],{"class":503},[61,14739,192],{"class":75},[61,14741,10478],{"class":79},[61,14743,83],{"class":75},[61,14745,639],{"class":503},[61,14747,12025],{"class":507},[61,14749,630],{"class":503},[61,14751,192],{"class":75},[61,14753,86],{"class":79},[61,14755,94],{"class":75},[61,14757,14758],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14759,4323],{"class":4133},[20,14761,14762],{},"Summary:",[29,14764,14765,14771],{},[32,14766,14767,14770],{},[15,14768,14769],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[32,14772,14773,14776],{},[15,14774,14775],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[47,14778,14780],{"id":14779},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14782,14783,192],{},[15,14784,13057],{},[29,14786,14787,14790,14793,14796],{},[32,14788,14789],{},"Returns a dictionary",[32,14791,14792],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[32,14794,14795],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[32,14797,14798],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14800,368],{},[52,14802,14804],{"className":54,"code":14803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14805,14806,14838,14854,14858,14876,14896,14900,14918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14807,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14809,9449],{"class":67},[61,14811,72],{"class":71},[61,14813,76],{"class":75},[61,14815,504],{"class":503},[61,14817,214],{"class":507},[61,14819,504],{"class":503},[61,14821,192],{"class":75},[61,14823,1720],{"class":79},[61,14825,83],{"class":75},[61,14827,515],{"class":503},[61,14829,329],{"class":507},[61,14831,504],{"class":503},[61,14833,192],{"class":75},[61,14835,86],{"class":79},[61,14837,94],{"class":75},[61,14839,14840,14843,14845,14848,14850,14852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14841,14842],{"class":67},"data_copy ",[61,14844,72],{"class":71},[61,14846,14847],{"class":67}," data",[61,14849,140],{"class":75},[61,14851,13192],{"class":143},[61,14853,8926],{"class":75},[61,14855,14856],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,14857,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14859,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,14861,9488],{"class":67},[61,14863,4182],{"class":75},[61,14865,504],{"class":503},[61,14867,214],{"class":507},[61,14869,504],{"class":503},[61,14871,13554],{"class":75},[61,14873,13557],{"class":71},[61,14875,2867],{"class":79},[61,14877,14878,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,14879,14880],{"class":67},"data_copy",[61,14882,4182],{"class":75},[61,14884,504],{"class":503},[61,14886,329],{"class":507},[61,14888,504],{"class":503},[61,14890,13554],{"class":75},[61,14892,13557],{"class":71},[61,14894,14895],{"class":79}," 20\n",[61,14897,14898],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,14899,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,14901,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,14903,160],{"class":159},[61,14905,147],{"class":75},[61,14907,504],{"class":503},[61,14909,13575],{"class":507},[61,14911,504],{"class":503},[61,14913,83],{"class":75},[61,14915,14847],{"class":143},[61,14917,153],{"class":75},[61,14919,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14935],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,14921,160],{"class":159},[61,14923,147],{"class":75},[61,14925,504],{"class":503},[61,14927,13594],{"class":507},[61,14929,504],{"class":503},[61,14931,83],{"class":75},[61,14933,14934],{"class":143}," data_copy",[61,14936,153],{"class":75},[20,14938,14939],{},[39,14940,1598],{},[52,14942,14944],{"className":54,"code":14943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14945,14946,14978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14947,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14949,13617],{"class":67},[61,14951,192],{"class":75},[61,14953,76],{"class":75},[61,14955,630],{"class":503},[61,14957,214],{"class":507},[61,14959,630],{"class":503},[61,14961,192],{"class":75},[61,14963,6285],{"class":79},[61,14965,83],{"class":75},[61,14967,639],{"class":503},[61,14969,329],{"class":507},[61,14971,630],{"class":503},[61,14973,192],{"class":75},[61,14975,86],{"class":79},[61,14977,94],{"class":75},[61,14979,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14981,13654],{"class":67},[61,14983,192],{"class":75},[61,14985,76],{"class":75},[61,14987,630],{"class":503},[61,14989,214],{"class":507},[61,14991,630],{"class":503},[61,14993,192],{"class":75},[61,14995,1720],{"class":79},[61,14997,83],{"class":75},[61,14999,639],{"class":503},[61,15001,329],{"class":507},[61,15003,630],{"class":503},[61,15005,192],{"class":75},[61,15007,8072],{"class":79},[61,15009,94],{"class":75},[47,15011,3111],{"id":3110},[20,15013,15014,15015,192],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15016,12715],{},[29,15018,15019,15026,15031,15036],{},[32,15020,716,15021,11372,15023,15025],{},[15,15022,72],{},[15,15024,13057],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[32,15027,4858,15028,15030],{},[15,15029,13057],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[32,15032,15033,15034],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15035,13057],{},[32,15037,15038],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15040,15041],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[52,15043,15045],{"className":54,"code":15044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15046,15047,15057,15067,15081,15104,15127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15048,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15050,160],{"class":159},[61,15052,147],{"class":75},[61,15054,12413],{"class":143},[61,15056,153],{"class":75},[61,15058,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15060,160],{"class":159},[61,15062,147],{"class":75},[61,15064,14611],{"class":143},[61,15066,153],{"class":75},[61,15068,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15070,160],{"class":159},[61,15072,147],{"class":75},[61,15074,12366],{"class":143},[61,15076,12474],{"class":4158},[61,15078,14665],{"class":143},[61,15080,153],{"class":75},[61,15082,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093,15095,15098,15100,15102],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,15084,160],{"class":159},[61,15086,147],{"class":75},[61,15088,12930],{"class":159},[61,15090,147],{"class":75},[61,15092,12413],{"class":143},[61,15094,9517],{"class":75},[61,15096,15097],{"class":159}," id",[61,15099,147],{"class":75},[61,15101,14611],{"class":143},[61,15103,1761],{"class":75},[61,15105,15106,15108,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15123,15125],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,15107,160],{"class":159},[61,15109,147],{"class":75},[61,15111,12930],{"class":159},[61,15113,147],{"class":75},[61,15115,12413],{"class":143},[61,15117,4182],{"class":75},[61,15119,504],{"class":503},[61,15121,15122],{"class":507},"key",[61,15124,504],{"class":503},[61,15126,3279],{"class":75},[61,15128,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,15130,160],{"class":159},[61,15132,147],{"class":75},[61,15134,12930],{"class":159},[61,15136,147],{"class":75},[61,15138,14611],{"class":143},[61,15140,4182],{"class":75},[61,15142,504],{"class":503},[61,15144,15122],{"class":507},[61,15146,504],{"class":503},[61,15148,3279],{"class":75},[20,15150,15151],{},"What these help you check:",[29,15153,15154,15157,15160],{},[32,15155,15156],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[32,15158,15159],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[32,15161,15162],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15164,15165,15166,140],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[214,15167,15169],{"href":15168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[47,15171,2109],{"id":2108},[887,15173,2113,15175,15177],{"id":15174},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15176,12715],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15179,15180],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[887,15182,15184,15185,15187],{"id":15183},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15186,12715],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15189,15190],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[887,15192,2153,15194,700,15196,2159],{"id":15193},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15195,13057],{},[15,15197,72],{},[20,15199,15200,15202,15203,15205],{},[15,15201,13057],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15204,72],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[887,15207,15209],{"id":15208},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15211,15212],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[47,15214,2172],{"id":2171},[29,15216,15217,15221,15225,15229,15235,15241],{},[32,15218,15219],{},[214,15220,11523],{"href":13307},[32,15222,15223],{},[214,15224,9439],{"href":13304},[32,15226,15227],{},[214,15228,14071],{"href":14070},[32,15230,15231],{},[214,15232,11017,15233,1516],{"href":14313},[15,15234,1313],{},[32,15236,15237],{},[214,15238,11017,15239,1516],{"href":13104},[15,15240,11602],{},[32,15242,15243],{},[214,15244,15245],{"href":15168},"How to copy a list in Python",[2204,15247,15248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":15250},[15251,15252,15254,15255,15256,15257,15259,15265,15266,15267,15276],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":13276,"depth":97,"text":15253},"What the copy() method does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":13714,"depth":97,"text":13715},{"id":14074,"depth":97,"text":15258},"When to use copy()",{"id":14323,"depth":97,"text":15260,"children":15261},"copy() vs assignment",[15262,15263],{"id":14340,"depth":122,"text":14341},{"id":14548,"depth":122,"text":15264},"Using copy()",{"id":14779,"depth":97,"text":14780},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":15268},[15269,15271,15273,15275],{"id":15174,"depth":122,"text":15270},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15183,"depth":122,"text":15272},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15193,"depth":122,"text":15274},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15208,"depth":122,"text":15209},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13110,"description":15277},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15284,"title":15285,"body":15286,"description":17482,"extension":2249,"meta":17483,"navigation":125,"path":13307,"seo":17484,"stem":17485,"__hash__":17486},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15287,"toc":17444},[15288,15291,15297,15306,15308,15384,15388,15437,15440,15444,15458,15461,15465,15478,15481,15514,15528,15531,15543,15547,15550,15558,15638,15642,15695,15699,15717,15719,15801,15804,15806,15809,15812,15835,15859,15863,15871,15874,15878,15887,15892,15948,15952,15985,15991,15997,16000,16055,16059,16109,16112,16118,16121,16129,16131,16176,16181,16190,16193,16196,16243,16245,16250,16253,16347,16351,16404,16407,16463,16466,16470,16473,16487,16491,16557,16561,16586,16589,16593,16671,16675,16678,16681,16701,16704,16757,16761,16764,16767,16780,16782,16871,16878,16881,16892,16894,16897,16917,16921,16924,16933,16936,16975,16979,16981,16990,16999,17001,17039,17043,17090,17094,17115,17119,17122,17234,17239,17337,17358,17360,17364,17371,17375,17381,17385,17388,17392,17395,17402,17410,17412,17438,17441],[10,15289,15285],{"id":15290},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15292,15293,15294,15296],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[39,15295,9415],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15298,15299,15300,3159,15302,140],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[214,15301,9439],{"href":9438},[214,15303,15305],{"href":15304},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[47,15307,50],{"id":49},[52,15309,15311],{"className":54,"code":15310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15312,15313,15321,15339,15353,15366,15370,15374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15314,15315,15317,15319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15316,13144],{"class":67},[61,15318,72],{"class":71},[61,15320,11772],{"class":75},[61,15322,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15324,11777],{"class":503},[61,15326,7949],{"class":507},[61,15328,504],{"class":503},[61,15330,192],{"class":75},[61,15332,515],{"class":503},[61,15334,13161],{"class":507},[61,15336,504],{"class":503},[61,15338,11793],{"class":75},[61,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15342,11777],{"class":503},[61,15344,9581],{"class":507},[61,15346,504],{"class":503},[61,15348,192],{"class":75},[61,15350,8072],{"class":79},[61,15352,11793],{"class":75},[61,15354,15355,15357,15360,15362,15364],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,15356,11777],{"class":503},[61,15358,15359],{"class":507},"is_active",[61,15361,504],{"class":503},[61,15363,192],{"class":75},[61,15365,6702],{"class":4133},[61,15367,15368],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,15369,94],{"class":75},[61,15371,15372],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,15373,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,15375,15376,15378,15380,15382],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,15377,160],{"class":159},[61,15379,147],{"class":75},[61,15381,13907],{"class":143},[61,15383,153],{"class":75},[20,15385,15386],{},[39,15387,1598],{},[52,15389,15391],{"className":54,"code":15390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15392,15393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15394,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15396,627],{"class":75},[61,15398,630],{"class":503},[61,15400,7949],{"class":507},[61,15402,630],{"class":503},[61,15404,192],{"class":75},[61,15406,639],{"class":503},[61,15408,13161],{"class":507},[61,15410,630],{"class":503},[61,15412,83],{"class":75},[61,15414,639],{"class":503},[61,15416,9581],{"class":507},[61,15418,630],{"class":503},[61,15420,192],{"class":75},[61,15422,8072],{"class":79},[61,15424,83],{"class":75},[61,15426,639],{"class":503},[61,15428,15359],{"class":507},[61,15430,630],{"class":503},[61,15432,192],{"class":75},[61,15434,4198],{"class":4133},[61,15436,94],{"class":75},[20,15438,15439],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[47,15441,15443],{"id":15442},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[29,15445,15446,15449,15452,15455],{},[32,15447,15448],{},"What a dictionary is",[32,15450,15451],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[32,15453,15454],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[32,15456,15457],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[47,15459,15448],{"id":15460},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15462,9412,15463,140],{},[39,15464,9415],{},[29,15466,15467,15473],{},[32,15468,15469,15470,15472],{},"A ",[39,15471,15122],{}," is the label",[32,15474,15469,15475,15477],{},[39,15476,2755],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15479,15480],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[52,15482,15484],{"className":54,"code":15483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15485,15486,15494,15510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15487,15488,15490,15492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15489,13144],{"class":67},[61,15491,72],{"class":71},[61,15493,11772],{"class":75},[61,15495,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15497,11777],{"class":503},[61,15499,7949],{"class":507},[61,15501,504],{"class":503},[61,15503,192],{"class":75},[61,15505,515],{"class":503},[61,15507,13161],{"class":507},[61,15509,3639],{"class":503},[61,15511,15512],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15513,94],{"class":75},[29,15515,15516,15522],{},[32,15517,15518,15521],{},[15,15519,15520],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[32,15523,15524,15527],{},[15,15525,15526],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15529,15530],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[29,15532,15533,15535,15537,15540],{},[32,15534,7949],{},[32,15536,9581],{},[32,15538,15539],{},"email",[32,15541,15542],{},"country",[47,15544,15546],{"id":15545},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15548,15549],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15551,1503,15552,15554,15555,140],{},[15,15553,4072],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15556,15557],{},"key: value",[52,15559,15561],{"className":54,"code":15560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15562,15563,15571,15589,15603,15620,15624,15628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15564,15565,15567,15569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15566,13144],{"class":67},[61,15568,72],{"class":71},[61,15570,11772],{"class":75},[61,15572,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15574,11777],{"class":503},[61,15576,7949],{"class":507},[61,15578,504],{"class":503},[61,15580,192],{"class":75},[61,15582,515],{"class":503},[61,15584,13161],{"class":507},[61,15586,504],{"class":503},[61,15588,11793],{"class":75},[61,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15592,11777],{"class":503},[61,15594,9581],{"class":507},[61,15596,504],{"class":503},[61,15598,192],{"class":75},[61,15600,8072],{"class":79},[61,15602,11793],{"class":75},[61,15604,15605,15607,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,15606,11777],{"class":503},[61,15608,15609],{"class":507},"course",[61,15611,504],{"class":503},[61,15613,192],{"class":75},[61,15615,515],{"class":503},[61,15617,7577],{"class":507},[61,15619,3639],{"class":503},[61,15621,15622],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,15623,94],{"class":75},[61,15625,15626],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,15627,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,15629,15630,15632,15634,15636],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,15631,160],{"class":159},[61,15633,147],{"class":75},[61,15635,13907],{"class":143},[61,15637,153],{"class":75},[20,15639,15640],{},[39,15641,1598],{},[52,15643,15645],{"className":54,"code":15644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15646,15647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15648,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15650,627],{"class":75},[61,15652,630],{"class":503},[61,15654,7949],{"class":507},[61,15656,630],{"class":503},[61,15658,192],{"class":75},[61,15660,639],{"class":503},[61,15662,13161],{"class":507},[61,15664,630],{"class":503},[61,15666,83],{"class":75},[61,15668,639],{"class":503},[61,15670,9581],{"class":507},[61,15672,630],{"class":503},[61,15674,192],{"class":75},[61,15676,8072],{"class":79},[61,15678,83],{"class":75},[61,15680,639],{"class":503},[61,15682,15609],{"class":507},[61,15684,630],{"class":503},[61,15686,192],{"class":75},[61,15688,639],{"class":503},[61,15690,7577],{"class":507},[61,15692,630],{"class":503},[61,15694,94],{"class":75},[887,15696,15698],{"id":15697},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[29,15700,15701,15706,15711,15714],{},[32,15702,1503,15703,15705],{},[15,15704,4072],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[32,15707,15708,15709],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15710,15557],{},[32,15712,15713],{},"Separate items with commas",[32,15715,15716],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15718,368],{},[52,15720,15722],{"className":54,"code":15721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15723,15724,15733,15753,15769,15782,15786,15790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15725,15726,15729,15731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15727,15728],{"class":67},"book ",[61,15730,72],{"class":71},[61,15732,11772],{"class":75},[61,15734,15735,15737,15740,15742,15744,15746,15749,15751],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15736,11777],{"class":503},[61,15738,15739],{"class":507},"title",[61,15741,504],{"class":503},[61,15743,192],{"class":75},[61,15745,515],{"class":503},[61,15747,15748],{"class":507},"Python Basics",[61,15750,504],{"class":503},[61,15752,11793],{"class":75},[61,15754,15755,15757,15760,15762,15764,15767],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15756,11777],{"class":503},[61,15758,15759],{"class":507},"pages",[61,15761,504],{"class":503},[61,15763,192],{"class":75},[61,15765,15766],{"class":79}," 150",[61,15768,11793],{"class":75},[61,15770,15771,15773,15776,15778,15780],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,15772,11777],{"class":503},[61,15774,15775],{"class":507},"available",[61,15777,504],{"class":503},[61,15779,192],{"class":75},[61,15781,6702],{"class":4133},[61,15783,15784],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,15785,94],{"class":75},[61,15787,15788],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,15789,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,15791,15792,15794,15796,15799],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,15793,160],{"class":159},[61,15795,147],{"class":75},[61,15797,15798],{"class":143},"book",[61,15800,153],{"class":75},[20,15802,15803],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[47,15805,9684],{"id":9683},[20,15807,15808],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15810,15811],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[52,15813,15815],{"className":54,"code":15814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15816,15817,15825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15818,15819,15821,15823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15820,9449],{"class":67},[61,15822,72],{"class":71},[61,15824,10119],{"class":75},[61,15826,15827,15829,15831,15833],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15828,160],{"class":159},[61,15830,147],{"class":75},[61,15832,9488],{"class":143},[61,15834,153],{"class":75},[52,15836,15837],{"className":54,"code":9687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,15838,15839,15849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15840,15841,15843,15845,15847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15842,9449],{"class":67},[61,15844,72],{"class":71},[61,15846,9454],{"class":2071},[61,15848,8926],{"class":75},[61,15850,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15852,160],{"class":159},[61,15854,147],{"class":75},[61,15856,9488],{"class":143},[61,15858,153],{"class":75},[20,15860,15861],{},[39,15862,1598],{},[52,15864,15865],{"className":54,"code":9716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,15866,15867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15868,15869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15870,9716],{"class":75},[20,15872,15873],{},"Both are correct.",[887,15875,15877],{"id":15876},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15879,15880,15882,15883,15886],{},[15,15881,4072],{}," creates an empty ",[39,15884,15885],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15888,15889,15890,140],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15891,4077],{},[52,15893,15895],{"className":54,"code":15894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15896,15897,15905,15916,15920,15934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15898,15899,15901,15903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15900,12004],{"class":67},[61,15902,72],{"class":71},[61,15904,10119],{"class":75},[61,15906,15907,15909,15911,15914],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15908,1914],{"class":67},[61,15910,72],{"class":71},[61,15912,15913],{"class":2071}," set",[61,15915,8926],{"class":75},[61,15917,15918],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,15919,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,15921,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,15923,160],{"class":159},[61,15925,147],{"class":75},[61,15927,2072],{"class":2071},[61,15929,147],{"class":75},[61,15931,11730],{"class":143},[61,15933,1761],{"class":75},[61,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,15937,160],{"class":159},[61,15939,147],{"class":75},[61,15941,2072],{"class":2071},[61,15943,147],{"class":75},[61,15945,2060],{"class":143},[61,15947,1761],{"class":75},[20,15949,15950],{},[39,15951,1598],{},[52,15953,15955],{"className":54,"code":15954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15956,15957,15971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15960,3571],{"class":71},[61,15962,3574],{"class":2350},[61,15964,639],{"class":503},[61,15966,9104],{"class":507},[61,15968,630],{"class":503},[61,15970,3583],{"class":71},[61,15972,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15974,3571],{"class":71},[61,15976,3574],{"class":2350},[61,15978,639],{"class":503},[61,15980,2098],{"class":507},[61,15982,630],{"class":503},[61,15984,3583],{"class":71},[47,15986,15988,15989],{"id":15987},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15990,9403],{},[20,15992,15993,15994,15996],{},"You can also use ",[15,15995,9403],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15998,15999],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[52,16001,16003],{"className":54,"code":16002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16004,16005,16045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16006,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16034,16036,16039,16041,16043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16008,13144],{"class":67},[61,16010,72],{"class":71},[61,16012,9454],{"class":2071},[61,16014,147],{"class":75},[61,16016,7949],{"class":9459},[61,16018,72],{"class":71},[61,16020,504],{"class":503},[61,16022,13161],{"class":507},[61,16024,504],{"class":503},[61,16026,83],{"class":75},[61,16028,9472],{"class":9459},[61,16030,72],{"class":71},[61,16032,16033],{"class":79},"20",[61,16035,83],{"class":75},[61,16037,16038],{"class":9459}," active",[61,16040,72],{"class":71},[61,16042,3885],{"class":4133},[61,16044,153],{"class":75},[61,16046,16047,16049,16051,16053],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16048,160],{"class":159},[61,16050,147],{"class":75},[61,16052,13907],{"class":143},[61,16054,153],{"class":75},[20,16056,16057],{},[39,16058,1598],{},[52,16060,16062],{"className":54,"code":16061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16063,16064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16065,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16101,16103,16105,16107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16067,627],{"class":75},[61,16069,630],{"class":503},[61,16071,7949],{"class":507},[61,16073,630],{"class":503},[61,16075,192],{"class":75},[61,16077,639],{"class":503},[61,16079,13161],{"class":507},[61,16081,630],{"class":503},[61,16083,83],{"class":75},[61,16085,639],{"class":503},[61,16087,9581],{"class":507},[61,16089,630],{"class":503},[61,16091,192],{"class":75},[61,16093,8072],{"class":79},[61,16095,83],{"class":75},[61,16097,639],{"class":503},[61,16099,16100],{"class":507},"active",[61,16102,630],{"class":503},[61,16104,192],{"class":75},[61,16106,4198],{"class":4133},[61,16108,94],{"class":75},[20,16110,16111],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[887,16113,16115,16116],{"id":16114},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16117,9403],{},[20,16119,16120],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[29,16122,16123,16126],{},[32,16124,16125],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[32,16127,16128],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16130,6967],{},[52,16132,16134],{"className":54,"code":16133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16135,16136,16166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16137,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16139,11767],{"class":67},[61,16141,72],{"class":71},[61,16143,9454],{"class":2071},[61,16145,147],{"class":75},[61,16147,7949],{"class":9459},[61,16149,72],{"class":71},[61,16151,504],{"class":503},[61,16153,7958],{"class":507},[61,16155,504],{"class":503},[61,16157,83],{"class":75},[61,16159,9472],{"class":9459},[61,16161,72],{"class":71},[61,16163,9477],{"class":79},[61,16165,153],{"class":75},[61,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16169,160],{"class":159},[61,16171,147],{"class":75},[61,16173,11861],{"class":143},[61,16175,153],{"class":75},[20,16177,4906,16178,16180],{},[39,16179,4909],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[52,16182,16184],{"className":54,"code":16183,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16185,16186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16187,16188],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16189,16183],{"class":173},[20,16191,16192],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16194,16195],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[52,16197,16199],{"className":54,"code":16198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16200,16201,16209,16225,16229,16233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16202,16203,16205,16207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16204,11767],{"class":67},[61,16206,72],{"class":71},[61,16208,11772],{"class":75},[61,16210,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16212,11777],{"class":503},[61,16214,10776],{"class":507},[61,16216,504],{"class":503},[61,16218,192],{"class":75},[61,16220,515],{"class":503},[61,16222,7958],{"class":507},[61,16224,3639],{"class":503},[61,16226,16227],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16228,94],{"class":75},[61,16230,16231],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16232,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16234,16235,16237,16239,16241],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16236,160],{"class":159},[61,16238,147],{"class":75},[61,16240,11861],{"class":143},[61,16242,153],{"class":75},[47,16244,9726],{"id":9725},[20,16246,16247,16249],{},[15,16248,9403],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16251,16252],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[52,16254,16256],{"className":54,"code":16255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16257,16258,16315,16319,16333,16337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16259,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16311,16313],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16261,9499],{"class":67},[61,16263,72],{"class":71},[61,16265,9504],{"class":75},[61,16267,504],{"class":503},[61,16269,7949],{"class":507},[61,16271,504],{"class":503},[61,16273,83],{"class":75},[61,16275,515],{"class":503},[61,16277,13161],{"class":507},[61,16279,504],{"class":503},[61,16281,9517],{"class":75},[61,16283,1058],{"class":75},[61,16285,504],{"class":503},[61,16287,9581],{"class":507},[61,16289,504],{"class":503},[61,16291,83],{"class":75},[61,16293,8072],{"class":79},[61,16295,9517],{"class":75},[61,16297,1058],{"class":75},[61,16299,504],{"class":503},[61,16301,10690],{"class":507},[61,16303,504],{"class":503},[61,16305,83],{"class":75},[61,16307,515],{"class":503},[61,16309,16310],{"class":507},"Lima",[61,16312,504],{"class":503},[61,16314,9532],{"class":75},[61,16316,16317],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16318,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16320,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16322,13144],{"class":67},[61,16324,72],{"class":71},[61,16326,9454],{"class":2071},[61,16328,147],{"class":75},[61,16330,9545],{"class":143},[61,16332,153],{"class":75},[61,16334,16335],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16336,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16338,16339,16341,16343,16345],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16340,160],{"class":159},[61,16342,147],{"class":75},[61,16344,13907],{"class":143},[61,16346,153],{"class":75},[20,16348,16349],{},[39,16350,1598],{},[52,16352,16354],{"className":54,"code":16353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16355,16356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16357,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16359,627],{"class":75},[61,16361,630],{"class":503},[61,16363,7949],{"class":507},[61,16365,630],{"class":503},[61,16367,192],{"class":75},[61,16369,639],{"class":503},[61,16371,13161],{"class":507},[61,16373,630],{"class":503},[61,16375,83],{"class":75},[61,16377,639],{"class":503},[61,16379,9581],{"class":507},[61,16381,630],{"class":503},[61,16383,192],{"class":75},[61,16385,8072],{"class":79},[61,16387,83],{"class":75},[61,16389,639],{"class":503},[61,16391,10690],{"class":507},[61,16393,630],{"class":503},[61,16395,192],{"class":75},[61,16397,639],{"class":503},[61,16399,16310],{"class":507},[61,16401,630],{"class":503},[61,16403,94],{"class":75},[20,16405,16406],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[52,16408,16410],{"className":54,"code":16409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16411,16412,16453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16413,16414,16416,16418,16420,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16415,13144],{"class":67},[61,16417,72],{"class":71},[61,16419,9454],{"class":2071},[61,16421,16422],{"class":75},"(((",[61,16424,504],{"class":503},[61,16426,7949],{"class":507},[61,16428,504],{"class":503},[61,16430,83],{"class":75},[61,16432,515],{"class":503},[61,16434,13161],{"class":507},[61,16436,504],{"class":503},[61,16438,9517],{"class":75},[61,16440,1058],{"class":75},[61,16442,504],{"class":503},[61,16444,9581],{"class":507},[61,16446,504],{"class":503},[61,16448,83],{"class":75},[61,16450,8072],{"class":79},[61,16452,3193],{"class":75},[61,16454,16455,16457,16459,16461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16456,160],{"class":159},[61,16458,147],{"class":75},[61,16460,13907],{"class":143},[61,16462,153],{"class":75},[20,16464,16465],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[47,16467,16469],{"id":16468},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16471,16472],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[29,16474,16475,16478,16481,16484],{},[32,16476,16477],{},"Keys must be unique",[32,16479,16480],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[32,16482,16483],{},"Values can repeat",[32,16485,16486],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[887,16488,16490],{"id":16489},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[52,16492,16494],{"className":54,"code":16493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16495,16496,16504,16522,16539,16543,16547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16497,16498,16500,16502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16499,9449],{"class":67},[61,16501,72],{"class":71},[61,16503,11772],{"class":75},[61,16505,16506,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16507,11777],{"class":503},[61,16509,7949],{"class":507},[61,16511,504],{"class":503},[61,16513,192],{"class":75},[61,16515,515],{"class":503},[61,16517,13161],{"class":507},[61,16519,504],{"class":503},[61,16521,11793],{"class":75},[61,16523,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16537],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16525,11777],{"class":503},[61,16527,7949],{"class":507},[61,16529,504],{"class":503},[61,16531,192],{"class":75},[61,16533,515],{"class":503},[61,16535,16536],{"class":507},"Maria",[61,16538,3639],{"class":503},[61,16540,16541],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16542,94],{"class":75},[61,16544,16545],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16546,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16548,16549,16551,16553,16555],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,16550,160],{"class":159},[61,16552,147],{"class":75},[61,16554,9488],{"class":143},[61,16556,153],{"class":75},[20,16558,16559],{},[39,16560,1598],{},[52,16562,16564],{"className":54,"code":16563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16565,16566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16567,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16569,627],{"class":75},[61,16571,630],{"class":503},[61,16573,7949],{"class":507},[61,16575,630],{"class":503},[61,16577,192],{"class":75},[61,16579,639],{"class":503},[61,16581,16536],{"class":507},[61,16583,630],{"class":503},[61,16585,94],{"class":75},[20,16587,16588],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[887,16590,16592],{"id":16591},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[52,16594,16596],{"className":54,"code":16595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16597,16598,16606,16622,16638,16652,16656,16660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16599,16600,16602,16604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16601,5343],{"class":67},[61,16603,72],{"class":71},[61,16605,11772],{"class":75},[61,16607,16608,16611,16613,16615,16618,16620],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16609,16610],{"class":79},"    1",[61,16612,192],{"class":75},[61,16614,515],{"class":503},[61,16616,16617],{"class":507},"low",[61,16619,504],{"class":503},[61,16621,11793],{"class":75},[61,16623,16624,16627,16629,16631,16634,16636],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16625,16626],{"class":79},"    2",[61,16628,192],{"class":75},[61,16630,515],{"class":503},[61,16632,16633],{"class":507},"medium",[61,16635,504],{"class":503},[61,16637,11793],{"class":75},[61,16639,16640,16643,16645,16647,16650],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16641,16642],{"class":79},"    3",[61,16644,192],{"class":75},[61,16646,515],{"class":503},[61,16648,16649],{"class":507},"high",[61,16651,3639],{"class":503},[61,16653,16654],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16655,94],{"class":75},[61,16657,16658],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,16659,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16661,16662,16664,16666,16669],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,16663,160],{"class":159},[61,16665,147],{"class":75},[61,16667,16668],{"class":143},"scores",[61,16670,153],{"class":75},[887,16672,16674],{"id":16673},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16676,16677],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16679,16680],{},"This will cause an error:",[52,16682,16684],{"className":54,"code":16683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16685,16686,16691,16696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16687,16688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16689,16690],{"class":173},"# bad = {\n",[61,16692,16693],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16694,16695],{"class":173},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[61,16697,16698],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16699,16700],{"class":173},"# }\n",[20,16702,16703],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[52,16705,16707],{"className":54,"code":16706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16708,16709,16718,16738,16742,16746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16710,16711,16714,16716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16712,16713],{"class":67},"good ",[61,16715,72],{"class":71},[61,16717,11772],{"class":75},[61,16719,16720,16723,16725,16727,16729,16732,16734,16736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16721,16722],{"class":75},"    (",[61,16724,80],{"class":79},[61,16726,83],{"class":75},[61,16728,86],{"class":79},[61,16730,16731],{"class":75},"):",[61,16733,515],{"class":503},[61,16735,3929],{"class":507},[61,16737,3639],{"class":503},[61,16739,16740],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16741,94],{"class":75},[61,16743,16744],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16745,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16747,16748,16750,16752,16755],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16749,160],{"class":159},[61,16751,147],{"class":75},[61,16753,16754],{"class":143},"good",[61,16756,153],{"class":75},[47,16758,16760],{"id":16759},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16762,16763],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16765,16766],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[29,16768,16769,16772,16774,16777],{},[32,16770,16771],{},"user data",[32,16773,14165],{},[32,16775,16776],{},"counters",[32,16778,16779],{},"lookups",[20,16781,368],{},[52,16783,16785],{"className":54,"code":16784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16786,16787,16795,16814,16833,16845,16849,16853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16788,16789,16791,16793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16790,11767],{"class":67},[61,16792,72],{"class":71},[61,16794,11772],{"class":75},[61,16796,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16810,16812],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16798,11777],{"class":503},[61,16800,8268],{"class":507},[61,16802,504],{"class":503},[61,16804,192],{"class":75},[61,16806,515],{"class":503},[61,16808,16809],{"class":507},"ana123",[61,16811,504],{"class":503},[61,16813,11793],{"class":75},[61,16815,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16829,16831],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,16817,11777],{"class":503},[61,16819,15539],{"class":507},[61,16821,504],{"class":503},[61,16823,192],{"class":75},[61,16825,515],{"class":503},[61,16827,16828],{"class":507},"ana@example.com",[61,16830,504],{"class":503},[61,16832,11793],{"class":75},[61,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,16836,11777],{"class":503},[61,16838,12795],{"class":507},[61,16840,504],{"class":503},[61,16842,192],{"class":75},[61,16844,6702],{"class":4133},[61,16846,16847],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,16848,94],{"class":75},[61,16850,16851],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,16852,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,16854,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,16856,160],{"class":159},[61,16858,147],{"class":75},[61,16860,11861],{"class":143},[61,16862,4182],{"class":75},[61,16864,504],{"class":503},[61,16866,15539],{"class":507},[61,16868,504],{"class":503},[61,16870,1887],{"class":75},[20,16872,16873,16874,140],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[214,16875,16877],{"href":16876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16879,16880],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[29,16882,16883,16886,16889],{},[32,16884,16885],{},"labels are not needed",[32,16887,16888],{},"you mostly care about position",[32,16890,16891],{},"order matters more than named fields",[47,16893,3111],{"id":3110},[20,16895,16896],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[29,16898,16899,16902,16905,16908,16911],{},[32,16900,16901],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[32,16903,16904],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[32,16906,16907],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[32,16909,16910],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[32,16912,16913,16914,16916],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16915,4072],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[887,16918,16920],{"id":16919},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16922,16923],{},"Wrong:",[52,16925,16927],{"className":54,"code":16926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16928,16929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16930,16931],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16932,16926],{"class":173},[20,16934,16935],{},"Correct:",[52,16937,16939],{"className":54,"code":16938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16940,16941,16965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16942,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16944,13144],{"class":67},[61,16946,72],{"class":71},[61,16948,76],{"class":75},[61,16950,504],{"class":503},[61,16952,7949],{"class":507},[61,16954,504],{"class":503},[61,16956,192],{"class":75},[61,16958,515],{"class":503},[61,16960,13161],{"class":507},[61,16962,504],{"class":503},[61,16964,94],{"class":75},[61,16966,16967,16969,16971,16973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16968,160],{"class":159},[61,16970,147],{"class":75},[61,16972,13907],{"class":143},[61,16974,153],{"class":75},[887,16976,16978],{"id":16977},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16980,16923],{},[52,16982,16984],{"className":54,"code":16983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16985,16986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16987,16988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16989,16983],{"class":173},[20,16991,16992,16993,16995,16996,16998],{},"This only works if ",[15,16994,7949],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16997,15520],{},", use quotes.",[20,17000,16935],{},[52,17002,17003],{"className":54,"code":16938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,17004,17005,17029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17006,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17008,13144],{"class":67},[61,17010,72],{"class":71},[61,17012,76],{"class":75},[61,17014,504],{"class":503},[61,17016,7949],{"class":507},[61,17018,504],{"class":503},[61,17020,192],{"class":75},[61,17022,515],{"class":503},[61,17024,13161],{"class":507},[61,17026,504],{"class":503},[61,17028,94],{"class":75},[61,17030,17031,17033,17035,17037],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17032,160],{"class":159},[61,17034,147],{"class":75},[61,17036,13907],{"class":143},[61,17038,153],{"class":75},[887,17040,17042],{"id":17041},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[52,17044,17046],{"className":54,"code":17045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17047,17048,17080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17049,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17051,9449],{"class":67},[61,17053,72],{"class":71},[61,17055,76],{"class":75},[61,17057,504],{"class":503},[61,17059,9581],{"class":507},[61,17061,504],{"class":503},[61,17063,192],{"class":75},[61,17065,8072],{"class":79},[61,17067,83],{"class":75},[61,17069,515],{"class":503},[61,17071,9581],{"class":507},[61,17073,504],{"class":503},[61,17075,192],{"class":75},[61,17077,8077],{"class":79},[61,17079,94],{"class":75},[61,17081,17082,17084,17086,17088],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17083,160],{"class":159},[61,17085,147],{"class":75},[61,17087,9488],{"class":143},[61,17089,153],{"class":75},[20,17091,17092],{},[39,17093,1598],{},[52,17095,17097],{"className":54,"code":17096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17098,17099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17100,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17102,627],{"class":75},[61,17104,630],{"class":503},[61,17106,9581],{"class":507},[61,17108,630],{"class":503},[61,17110,192],{"class":75},[61,17112,8077],{"class":79},[61,17114,94],{"class":75},[47,17116,17118],{"id":17117},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17120,17121],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[52,17123,17125],{"className":54,"code":17124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17126,17127,17163,17167,17177,17191,17206,17220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17128,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17130,12004],{"class":67},[61,17132,72],{"class":71},[61,17134,76],{"class":75},[61,17136,504],{"class":503},[61,17138,7949],{"class":507},[61,17140,504],{"class":503},[61,17142,192],{"class":75},[61,17144,515],{"class":503},[61,17146,13161],{"class":507},[61,17148,504],{"class":503},[61,17150,83],{"class":75},[61,17152,515],{"class":503},[61,17154,9581],{"class":507},[61,17156,504],{"class":503},[61,17158,192],{"class":75},[61,17160,8072],{"class":79},[61,17162,94],{"class":75},[61,17164,17165],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17166,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,17168,17169,17171,17173,17175],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,17170,160],{"class":159},[61,17172,147],{"class":75},[61,17174,11730],{"class":143},[61,17176,153],{"class":75},[61,17178,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,17180,160],{"class":159},[61,17182,147],{"class":75},[61,17184,2072],{"class":2071},[61,17186,147],{"class":75},[61,17188,11730],{"class":143},[61,17190,1761],{"class":75},[61,17192,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17204],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,17194,160],{"class":159},[61,17196,147],{"class":75},[61,17198,11730],{"class":143},[61,17200,140],{"class":75},[61,17202,17203],{"class":143},"keys",[61,17205,7474],{"class":75},[61,17207,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,17209,160],{"class":159},[61,17211,147],{"class":75},[61,17213,11730],{"class":143},[61,17215,140],{"class":75},[61,17217,5638],{"class":143},[61,17219,7474],{"class":75},[61,17221,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,17223,160],{"class":159},[61,17225,147],{"class":75},[61,17227,11442],{"class":159},[61,17229,147],{"class":75},[61,17231,11730],{"class":143},[61,17233,1761],{"class":75},[20,17235,17236],{},[39,17237,17238],{},"Example output:",[52,17240,17242],{"className":54,"code":17241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17243,17244,17276,17290,17313,17332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17245,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17247,627],{"class":75},[61,17249,630],{"class":503},[61,17251,7949],{"class":507},[61,17253,630],{"class":503},[61,17255,192],{"class":75},[61,17257,639],{"class":503},[61,17259,13161],{"class":507},[61,17261,630],{"class":503},[61,17263,83],{"class":75},[61,17265,639],{"class":503},[61,17267,9581],{"class":507},[61,17269,630],{"class":503},[61,17271,192],{"class":75},[61,17273,8072],{"class":79},[61,17275,94],{"class":75},[61,17277,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17279,3571],{"class":71},[61,17281,3574],{"class":2350},[61,17283,639],{"class":503},[61,17285,9104],{"class":507},[61,17287,630],{"class":503},[61,17289,3583],{"class":71},[61,17291,17292,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,17293,17294],{"class":143},"dict_keys",[61,17296,1878],{"class":75},[61,17298,630],{"class":503},[61,17300,7949],{"class":507},[61,17302,630],{"class":503},[61,17304,83],{"class":75},[61,17306,639],{"class":503},[61,17308,9581],{"class":507},[61,17310,630],{"class":503},[61,17312,1887],{"class":75},[61,17314,17315,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,17316,17317],{"class":143},"dict_values",[61,17319,1878],{"class":75},[61,17321,630],{"class":503},[61,17323,13161],{"class":507},[61,17325,630],{"class":503},[61,17327,83],{"class":75},[61,17329,8072],{"class":79},[61,17331,1887],{"class":75},[61,17333,17334],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,17335,17336],{"class":79},"2\n",[20,17338,17339,17340,1830,17346,1833,17352,140],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[214,17341,11017,17343],{"href":17342},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17344,17345],{},"keys()",[214,17347,11017,17349],{"href":17348},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17350,17351],{},"values()",[214,17353,11017,17355],{"href":17354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17356,17357],{},"items()",[47,17359,2109],{"id":2108},[887,17361,17363],{"id":17362},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17365,1503,17366,3159,17368,17370],{},[15,17367,4072],{},[15,17369,9403],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[887,17372,17374],{"id":17373},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17376,17377,17378,140],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17379,17380],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[887,17382,17384],{"id":17383},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17386,17387],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[887,17389,17391],{"id":17390},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17393,17394],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[887,17396,2153,17398,700,17400,2159],{"id":17397},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17399,4072],{},[15,17401,9403],{},[20,17403,17404,17406,17407,17409],{},[15,17405,4072],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17408,9403],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[47,17411,2172],{"id":2171},[29,17413,17414,17418,17424,17428,17434],{},[32,17415,17416],{},[214,17417,9439],{"href":9438},[32,17419,17420],{},[214,17421,11017,17422,1516],{"href":11016},[15,17423,11020],{},[32,17425,17426],{},[214,17427,11532],{"href":11011},[32,17429,17430],{},[214,17431,17433],{"href":17432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,17435,17436],{},[214,17437,11543],{"href":11354},[20,17439,17440],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2204,17442,17443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":17445},[17446,17447,17448,17449,17452,17455,17460,17461,17466,17467,17472,17473,17481],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":15460,"depth":97,"text":15448},{"id":15545,"depth":97,"text":15546,"children":17450},[17451],{"id":15697,"depth":122,"text":15698},{"id":9683,"depth":97,"text":9684,"children":17453},[17454],{"id":15876,"depth":122,"text":15877},{"id":15987,"depth":97,"text":17456,"children":17457},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17458],{"id":16114,"depth":122,"text":17459},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9725,"depth":97,"text":9726},{"id":16468,"depth":97,"text":16469,"children":17462},[17463,17464,17465],{"id":16489,"depth":122,"text":16490},{"id":16591,"depth":122,"text":16592},{"id":16673,"depth":122,"text":16674},{"id":16759,"depth":97,"text":16760},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":17468},[17469,17470,17471],{"id":16919,"depth":122,"text":16920},{"id":16977,"depth":122,"text":16978},{"id":17041,"depth":122,"text":17042},{"id":17117,"depth":97,"text":17118},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":17474},[17475,17476,17477,17478,17479],{"id":17362,"depth":122,"text":17363},{"id":17373,"depth":122,"text":17374},{"id":17383,"depth":122,"text":17384},{"id":17390,"depth":122,"text":17391},{"id":17397,"depth":122,"text":17480},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15285,"description":17482},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17488,"title":17489,"body":17490,"description":19939,"extension":2249,"meta":19940,"navigation":125,"path":19941,"seo":19942,"stem":19943,"__hash__":19944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17491,"toc":19895},[17492,17498,17504,17507,17510,17512,17594,17600,17605,17609,17627,17639,17644,17648,17671,17675,17687,17695,17699,17705,17707,17710,17785,17787,17832,17834,17851,17856,17862,17867,17941,17943,17988,17991,18002,18004,18123,18125,18178,18185,18189,18192,18209,18215,18219,18317,18319,18371,18377,18381,18387,18390,18393,18420,18425,18429,18432,18536,18538,18583,18586,18589,18594,18599,18610,18612,18673,18733,18739,18747,18753,18758,18763,18823,18827,18894,18897,18901,18972,18975,18988,18995,18997,19001,19005,19075,19077,19114,19117,19120,19183,19190,19193,19235,19245,19248,19317,19323,19328,19412,19414,19463,19470,19476,19521,19523,19556,19561,19565,19571,19610,19654,19722,19765,19767,19773,19776,19780,19785,19789,19792,19796,19798,19859,19861,19887,19892],[10,17493,11599,17495,18],{"id":17494},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17496,17497],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17499,17500,17503],{},[15,17501,17502],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17505,17506],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17508,17509],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[47,17511,50],{"id":49},[52,17513,17515],{"className":54,"code":17514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17516,17517,17550,17578,17589],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17518,17519,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17520,17521],{"class":67},"keys ",[61,17523,72],{"class":71},[61,17525,926],{"class":75},[61,17527,504],{"class":503},[61,17529,7949],{"class":507},[61,17531,504],{"class":503},[61,17533,83],{"class":75},[61,17535,515],{"class":503},[61,17537,9581],{"class":507},[61,17539,504],{"class":503},[61,17541,83],{"class":75},[61,17543,515],{"class":503},[61,17545,10690],{"class":507},[61,17547,504],{"class":503},[61,17549,943],{"class":75},[61,17551,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17574,17576],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17553,13485],{"class":67},[61,17555,72],{"class":71},[61,17557,9454],{"class":2071},[61,17559,140],{"class":75},[61,17561,17562],{"class":143},"fromkeys",[61,17564,147],{"class":75},[61,17566,17203],{"class":143},[61,17568,83],{"class":75},[61,17570,515],{"class":503},[61,17572,17573],{"class":507},"unknown",[61,17575,504],{"class":503},[61,17577,153],{"class":75},[61,17579,17580,17582,17584,17587],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,17581,160],{"class":159},[61,17583,147],{"class":75},[61,17585,17586],{"class":143},"person",[61,17588,153],{"class":75},[61,17590,17591],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,17592,17593],{"class":173},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17595,1503,17596,17599],{},[15,17597,17598],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[47,17601,184,17603,187],{"id":17602},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17604,17502],{},[20,17606,17607,192],{},[15,17608,17502],{},[29,17610,17611,17614,17617,17620],{},[32,17612,17613],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[32,17615,17616],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[32,17618,17619],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[32,17621,17622,17623,17626],{},"Is called as ",[15,17624,17625],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17628,17629,17630,17632,17633,17635,17636,140],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17631,9104],{},", so you write ",[15,17634,17625],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17637,17638],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17640,17641,17642,140],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[214,17643,9439],{"href":13304},[47,17645,17647],{"id":17646},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[52,17649,17651],{"className":54,"code":17650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17652,17653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17654,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17656,9104],{"class":2071},[61,17658,140],{"class":75},[61,17660,17562],{"class":143},[61,17662,147],{"class":75},[61,17664,4000],{"class":143},[61,17666,83],{"class":75},[61,17668,8717],{"class":143},[61,17670,153],{"class":75},[887,17672,17674],{"id":17673},"parameters","Parameters",[29,17676,17677,17682],{},[32,17678,17679,17681],{},[15,17680,4000],{},": the keys to use",[32,17683,17684,17686],{},[15,17685,2755],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17688,17689,17690,17692,17693,140],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17691,2755],{},", each key gets ",[15,17694,4058],{},[887,17696,17698],{"id":17697},"return-value","Return value",[20,17700,17701,17702,140],{},"It returns a ",[39,17703,17704],{},"new dictionary",[47,17706,6067],{"id":6066},[20,17708,17709],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[52,17711,17713],{"className":54,"code":17712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17714,17715,17748,17770,17774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17716,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17718,17521],{"class":67},[61,17720,72],{"class":71},[61,17722,926],{"class":75},[61,17724,504],{"class":503},[61,17726,13373],{"class":507},[61,17728,504],{"class":503},[61,17730,83],{"class":75},[61,17732,515],{"class":503},[61,17734,17735],{"class":507},"green",[61,17737,504],{"class":503},[61,17739,83],{"class":75},[61,17741,515],{"class":503},[61,17743,13390],{"class":507},[61,17745,504],{"class":503},[61,17747,943],{"class":75},[61,17749,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17751,13356],{"class":67},[61,17753,72],{"class":71},[61,17755,9454],{"class":2071},[61,17757,140],{"class":75},[61,17759,17562],{"class":143},[61,17761,147],{"class":75},[61,17763,17203],{"class":143},[61,17765,83],{"class":75},[61,17767,4114],{"class":79},[61,17769,153],{"class":75},[61,17771,17772],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,17773,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,17775,17776,17778,17780,17783],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,17777,160],{"class":159},[61,17779,147],{"class":75},[61,17781,17782],{"class":143},"colors",[61,17784,153],{"class":75},[20,17786,1598],{},[52,17788,17790],{"className":54,"code":17789,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17791,17792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17793,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17795,627],{"class":75},[61,17797,630],{"class":503},[61,17799,13373],{"class":507},[61,17801,630],{"class":503},[61,17803,192],{"class":75},[61,17805,4114],{"class":79},[61,17807,83],{"class":75},[61,17809,639],{"class":503},[61,17811,17735],{"class":507},[61,17813,630],{"class":503},[61,17815,192],{"class":75},[61,17817,4114],{"class":79},[61,17819,83],{"class":75},[61,17821,639],{"class":503},[61,17823,13390],{"class":507},[61,17825,630],{"class":503},[61,17827,192],{"class":75},[61,17829,4114],{"class":79},[61,17831,94],{"class":75},[20,17833,11963],{},[29,17835,17836,17841,17846],{},[32,17837,17838,17840],{},[15,17839,17203],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[32,17842,17843,17845],{},[15,17844,2405],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[32,17847,17848,17850],{},[15,17849,17502],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17852,17853,17854,140],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[214,17855,9673],{"href":13307},[47,17857,716,17859,17861],{"id":17858},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17860,17497],{}," without a value",[20,17863,17864,17865,140],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17866,4058],{},[52,17868,17870],{"className":54,"code":17869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17871,17872,17906,17926,17930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17873,17874,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17902,17904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17875,17876],{"class":67},"fields ",[61,17878,72],{"class":71},[61,17880,926],{"class":75},[61,17882,504],{"class":503},[61,17884,8268],{"class":507},[61,17886,504],{"class":503},[61,17888,83],{"class":75},[61,17890,515],{"class":503},[61,17892,15539],{"class":507},[61,17894,504],{"class":503},[61,17896,83],{"class":75},[61,17898,515],{"class":503},[61,17900,17901],{"class":507},"password",[61,17903,504],{"class":503},[61,17905,943],{"class":75},[61,17907,17908,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17909,17910],{"class":67},"user_data ",[61,17912,72],{"class":71},[61,17914,9454],{"class":2071},[61,17916,140],{"class":75},[61,17918,17562],{"class":143},[61,17920,147],{"class":75},[61,17922,17923],{"class":143},"fields",[61,17925,153],{"class":75},[61,17927,17928],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,17929,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,17931,17932,17934,17936,17939],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,17933,160],{"class":159},[61,17935,147],{"class":75},[61,17937,17938],{"class":143},"user_data",[61,17940,153],{"class":75},[20,17942,1598],{},[52,17944,17946],{"className":54,"code":17945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17947,17948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17949,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17951,627],{"class":75},[61,17953,630],{"class":503},[61,17955,8268],{"class":507},[61,17957,630],{"class":503},[61,17959,192],{"class":75},[61,17961,4134],{"class":4133},[61,17963,83],{"class":75},[61,17965,639],{"class":503},[61,17967,15539],{"class":507},[61,17969,630],{"class":503},[61,17971,192],{"class":75},[61,17973,4134],{"class":4133},[61,17975,83],{"class":75},[61,17977,639],{"class":503},[61,17979,17901],{"class":507},[61,17981,630],{"class":503},[61,17983,192],{"class":75},[61,17985,4134],{"class":4133},[61,17987,94],{"class":75},[20,17989,17990],{},"This is useful when:",[29,17992,17993,17996,17999],{},[32,17994,17995],{},"You want to create the keys first",[32,17997,17998],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[32,18000,18001],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18003,368],{},[52,18005,18007],{"className":54,"code":18006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18008,18009,18041,18059,18063,18086,18109,18113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18010,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18012,17876],{"class":67},[61,18014,72],{"class":71},[61,18016,926],{"class":75},[61,18018,504],{"class":503},[61,18020,8268],{"class":507},[61,18022,504],{"class":503},[61,18024,83],{"class":75},[61,18026,515],{"class":503},[61,18028,15539],{"class":507},[61,18030,504],{"class":503},[61,18032,83],{"class":75},[61,18034,515],{"class":503},[61,18036,17901],{"class":507},[61,18038,504],{"class":503},[61,18040,943],{"class":75},[61,18042,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18044,17910],{"class":67},[61,18046,72],{"class":71},[61,18048,9454],{"class":2071},[61,18050,140],{"class":75},[61,18052,17562],{"class":143},[61,18054,147],{"class":75},[61,18056,17923],{"class":143},[61,18058,153],{"class":75},[61,18060,18061],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,18062,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18064,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18084],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,18066,17938],{"class":67},[61,18068,4182],{"class":75},[61,18070,504],{"class":503},[61,18072,8268],{"class":507},[61,18074,504],{"class":503},[61,18076,13554],{"class":75},[61,18078,13557],{"class":71},[61,18080,515],{"class":503},[61,18082,18083],{"class":507},"alice",[61,18085,3639],{"class":503},[61,18087,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18107],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,18089,17938],{"class":67},[61,18091,4182],{"class":75},[61,18093,504],{"class":503},[61,18095,15539],{"class":507},[61,18097,504],{"class":503},[61,18099,13554],{"class":75},[61,18101,13557],{"class":71},[61,18103,515],{"class":503},[61,18105,18106],{"class":507},"alice@example.com",[61,18108,3639],{"class":503},[61,18110,18111],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,18112,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18114,18115,18117,18119,18121],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,18116,160],{"class":159},[61,18118,147],{"class":75},[61,18120,17938],{"class":143},[61,18122,153],{"class":75},[20,18124,1598],{},[52,18126,18128],{"className":54,"code":18127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18129,18130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18131,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18133,627],{"class":75},[61,18135,630],{"class":503},[61,18137,8268],{"class":507},[61,18139,630],{"class":503},[61,18141,192],{"class":75},[61,18143,639],{"class":503},[61,18145,18083],{"class":507},[61,18147,630],{"class":503},[61,18149,83],{"class":75},[61,18151,639],{"class":503},[61,18153,15539],{"class":507},[61,18155,630],{"class":503},[61,18157,192],{"class":75},[61,18159,639],{"class":503},[61,18161,18106],{"class":507},[61,18163,630],{"class":503},[61,18165,83],{"class":75},[61,18167,639],{"class":503},[61,18169,17901],{"class":507},[61,18171,630],{"class":503},[61,18173,192],{"class":75},[61,18175,4134],{"class":4133},[61,18177,94],{"class":75},[20,18179,18180,18181,140],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[214,18182,18184],{"href":18183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[47,18186,18188],{"id":18187},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18190,18191],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[29,18193,18194,18199,18204],{},[32,18195,18196,18198],{},[15,18197,4067],{}," (list)",[32,18200,18201,18203],{},[15,18202,4072],{}," (dictionary)",[32,18205,18206,18208],{},[15,18207,4077],{}," (set)",[20,18210,18211,18212,140],{},"All keys will point to the ",[39,18213,18214],{},"same object",[887,18216,18218],{"id":18217},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[52,18220,18222],{"className":54,"code":18221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18223,18224,18256,18277,18281,18303,18307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18225,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18227,17521],{"class":67},[61,18229,72],{"class":71},[61,18231,926],{"class":75},[61,18233,504],{"class":503},[61,18235,214],{"class":507},[61,18237,504],{"class":503},[61,18239,83],{"class":75},[61,18241,515],{"class":503},[61,18243,329],{"class":507},[61,18245,504],{"class":503},[61,18247,83],{"class":75},[61,18249,515],{"class":503},[61,18251,1071],{"class":507},[61,18253,504],{"class":503},[61,18255,943],{"class":75},[61,18257,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18259,9449],{"class":67},[61,18261,72],{"class":71},[61,18263,9454],{"class":2071},[61,18265,140],{"class":75},[61,18267,17562],{"class":143},[61,18269,147],{"class":75},[61,18271,17203],{"class":143},[61,18273,83],{"class":75},[61,18275,18276],{"class":75}," [])\n",[61,18278,18279],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,18280,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18282,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,18284,9488],{"class":67},[61,18286,4182],{"class":75},[61,18288,504],{"class":503},[61,18290,214],{"class":507},[61,18292,504],{"class":503},[61,18294,13831],{"class":75},[61,18296,13834],{"class":143},[61,18298,147],{"class":75},[61,18300,80],{"class":79},[61,18302,153],{"class":75},[61,18304,18305],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,18306,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18308,18309,18311,18313,18315],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,18310,160],{"class":159},[61,18312,147],{"class":75},[61,18314,9488],{"class":143},[61,18316,153],{"class":75},[20,18318,1598],{},[52,18320,18322],{"className":54,"code":18321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18323,18324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18325,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18327,627],{"class":75},[61,18329,630],{"class":503},[61,18331,214],{"class":507},[61,18333,630],{"class":503},[61,18335,192],{"class":75},[61,18337,926],{"class":75},[61,18339,80],{"class":79},[61,18341,18342],{"class":75},"],",[61,18344,639],{"class":503},[61,18346,329],{"class":507},[61,18348,630],{"class":503},[61,18350,192],{"class":75},[61,18352,926],{"class":75},[61,18354,80],{"class":79},[61,18356,18342],{"class":75},[61,18358,639],{"class":503},[61,18360,1071],{"class":507},[61,18362,630],{"class":503},[61,18364,192],{"class":75},[61,18366,926],{"class":75},[61,18368,80],{"class":79},[61,18370,1937],{"class":75},[20,18372,18373,18374,18376],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18375,1299],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[887,18378,18380],{"id":18379},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18382,18383,18386],{},[15,18384,18385],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18388,18389],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18391,18392],{},"So this:",[52,18394,18396],{"className":54,"code":18395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18397,18398],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18399,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18401,9488],{"class":67},[61,18403,4182],{"class":75},[61,18405,504],{"class":503},[61,18407,214],{"class":507},[61,18409,504],{"class":503},[61,18411,13831],{"class":75},[61,18413,13834],{"class":143},[61,18415,147],{"class":75},[61,18417,80],{"class":79},[61,18419,153],{"class":75},[20,18421,18422,18423,140],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18424,1299],{},[887,18426,18428],{"id":18427},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18430,18431],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[52,18433,18435],{"className":54,"code":18434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18436,18437,18469,18496,18500,18522,18526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18438,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18440,17521],{"class":67},[61,18442,72],{"class":71},[61,18444,926],{"class":75},[61,18446,504],{"class":503},[61,18448,214],{"class":507},[61,18450,504],{"class":503},[61,18452,83],{"class":75},[61,18454,515],{"class":503},[61,18456,329],{"class":507},[61,18458,504],{"class":503},[61,18460,83],{"class":75},[61,18462,515],{"class":503},[61,18464,1071],{"class":507},[61,18466,504],{"class":503},[61,18468,943],{"class":75},[61,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18484,18486,18489,18491,18494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18472,9449],{"class":67},[61,18474,72],{"class":71},[61,18476,76],{"class":75},[61,18478,15122],{"class":67},[61,18480,192],{"class":75},[61,18482,18483],{"class":75}," []",[61,18485,4159],{"class":4158},[61,18487,18488],{"class":67}," key ",[61,18490,4165],{"class":4158},[61,18492,18493],{"class":67}," keys",[61,18495,94],{"class":75},[61,18497,18498],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,18499,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18501,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,18503,9488],{"class":67},[61,18505,4182],{"class":75},[61,18507,504],{"class":503},[61,18509,214],{"class":507},[61,18511,504],{"class":503},[61,18513,13831],{"class":75},[61,18515,13834],{"class":143},[61,18517,147],{"class":75},[61,18519,80],{"class":79},[61,18521,153],{"class":75},[61,18523,18524],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,18525,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,18527,18528,18530,18532,18534],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,18529,160],{"class":159},[61,18531,147],{"class":75},[61,18533,9488],{"class":143},[61,18535,153],{"class":75},[20,18537,1598],{},[52,18539,18541],{"className":54,"code":18540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18542,18543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18544,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18546,627],{"class":75},[61,18548,630],{"class":503},[61,18550,214],{"class":507},[61,18552,630],{"class":503},[61,18554,192],{"class":75},[61,18556,926],{"class":75},[61,18558,80],{"class":79},[61,18560,18342],{"class":75},[61,18562,639],{"class":503},[61,18564,329],{"class":507},[61,18566,630],{"class":503},[61,18568,192],{"class":75},[61,18570,18571],{"class":75}," [],",[61,18573,639],{"class":503},[61,18575,1071],{"class":507},[61,18577,630],{"class":503},[61,18579,192],{"class":75},[61,18581,18582],{"class":75}," []}\n",[20,18584,18585],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18587,18588],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[47,18590,5240,18592],{"id":18591},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18593,17497],{},[20,18595,18596,18598],{},[15,18597,17502],{}," is a good choice when:",[29,18600,18601,18604,18607],{},[32,18602,18603],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[32,18605,18606],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[32,18608,18609],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18611,2411],{},[52,18613,18615],{"className":54,"code":18614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18616,18617,18662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18618,18619,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18654,18656,18658,18660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18620,18621],{"class":67},"flags ",[61,18623,72],{"class":71},[61,18625,9454],{"class":2071},[61,18627,140],{"class":75},[61,18629,17562],{"class":143},[61,18631,1878],{"class":75},[61,18633,504],{"class":503},[61,18635,18636],{"class":507},"is_admin",[61,18638,504],{"class":503},[61,18640,83],{"class":75},[61,18642,515],{"class":503},[61,18644,15359],{"class":507},[61,18646,504],{"class":503},[61,18648,83],{"class":75},[61,18650,515],{"class":503},[61,18652,18653],{"class":507},"is_verified",[61,18655,504],{"class":503},[61,18657,18342],{"class":75},[61,18659,4189],{"class":4133},[61,18661,153],{"class":75},[61,18663,18664,18666,18668,18671],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18665,160],{"class":159},[61,18667,147],{"class":75},[61,18669,18670],{"class":143},"flags",[61,18672,153],{"class":75},[52,18674,18676],{"className":54,"code":18675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18677,18678,18723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18679,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18697,18699,18701,18703,18706,18708,18710,18712,18715,18717,18719,18721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18681,5343],{"class":67},[61,18683,72],{"class":71},[61,18685,9454],{"class":2071},[61,18687,140],{"class":75},[61,18689,17562],{"class":143},[61,18691,1878],{"class":75},[61,18693,504],{"class":503},[61,18695,18696],{"class":507},"math",[61,18698,504],{"class":503},[61,18700,83],{"class":75},[61,18702,515],{"class":503},[61,18704,18705],{"class":507},"science",[61,18707,504],{"class":503},[61,18709,83],{"class":75},[61,18711,515],{"class":503},[61,18713,18714],{"class":507},"history",[61,18716,504],{"class":503},[61,18718,18342],{"class":75},[61,18720,4114],{"class":79},[61,18722,153],{"class":75},[61,18724,18725,18727,18729,18731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18726,160],{"class":159},[61,18728,147],{"class":75},[61,18730,16668],{"class":143},[61,18732,153],{"class":75},[20,18734,18735,18736,18738],{},"It is ",[39,18737,4909],{}," the best choice when:",[29,18740,18741,18744],{},[32,18742,18743],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[32,18745,18746],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[47,18748,18750,18752],{"id":18749},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18751,17497],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18754,18755,18757],{},[15,18756,17497],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[887,18759,716,18761],{"id":18760},"using-fromkeys",[15,18762,17497],{},[52,18764,18766],{"className":54,"code":18765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18767,18768,18813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18769,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18787,18789,18791,18793,18796,18798,18800,18802,18805,18807,18809,18811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18771,14106],{"class":67},[61,18773,72],{"class":71},[61,18775,9454],{"class":2071},[61,18777,140],{"class":75},[61,18779,17562],{"class":143},[61,18781,1878],{"class":75},[61,18783,504],{"class":503},[61,18785,18786],{"class":507},"sound",[61,18788,504],{"class":503},[61,18790,83],{"class":75},[61,18792,515],{"class":503},[61,18794,18795],{"class":507},"music",[61,18797,504],{"class":503},[61,18799,83],{"class":75},[61,18801,515],{"class":503},[61,18803,18804],{"class":507},"notifications",[61,18806,504],{"class":503},[61,18808,18342],{"class":75},[61,18810,4198],{"class":4133},[61,18812,153],{"class":75},[61,18814,18815,18817,18819,18821],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18816,160],{"class":159},[61,18818,147],{"class":75},[61,18820,14165],{"class":143},[61,18822,153],{"class":75},[887,18824,18826],{"id":18825},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[52,18828,18830],{"className":54,"code":18829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18831,18832,18840,18854,18868,18880,18884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18833,18834,18836,18838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18835,14106],{"class":67},[61,18837,72],{"class":71},[61,18839,11772],{"class":75},[61,18841,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18843,11777],{"class":503},[61,18845,18786],{"class":507},[61,18847,504],{"class":503},[61,18849,192],{"class":75},[61,18851,4198],{"class":4133},[61,18853,11793],{"class":75},[61,18855,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,18857,11777],{"class":503},[61,18859,18795],{"class":507},[61,18861,504],{"class":503},[61,18863,192],{"class":75},[61,18865,4189],{"class":4133},[61,18867,11793],{"class":75},[61,18869,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,18871,11777],{"class":503},[61,18873,18804],{"class":507},[61,18875,504],{"class":503},[61,18877,192],{"class":75},[61,18879,6702],{"class":4133},[61,18881,18882],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,18883,94],{"class":75},[61,18885,18886,18888,18890,18892],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,18887,160],{"class":159},[61,18889,147],{"class":75},[61,18891,14165],{"class":143},[61,18893,153],{"class":75},[20,18895,18896],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[887,18898,18900],{"id":18899},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[52,18902,18904],{"className":54,"code":18903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18905,18906,18938,18962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18907,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18909,17521],{"class":67},[61,18911,72],{"class":71},[61,18913,926],{"class":75},[61,18915,504],{"class":503},[61,18917,214],{"class":507},[61,18919,504],{"class":503},[61,18921,83],{"class":75},[61,18923,515],{"class":503},[61,18925,329],{"class":507},[61,18927,504],{"class":503},[61,18929,83],{"class":75},[61,18931,515],{"class":503},[61,18933,1071],{"class":507},[61,18935,504],{"class":503},[61,18937,943],{"class":75},[61,18939,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18941,9449],{"class":67},[61,18943,72],{"class":71},[61,18945,76],{"class":75},[61,18947,15122],{"class":67},[61,18949,192],{"class":75},[61,18951,18483],{"class":75},[61,18953,4159],{"class":4158},[61,18955,18488],{"class":67},[61,18957,4165],{"class":4158},[61,18959,18493],{"class":67},[61,18961,94],{"class":75},[61,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,18965,160],{"class":159},[61,18967,147],{"class":75},[61,18969,9488],{"class":143},[61,18971,153],{"class":75},[20,18973,18974],{},"Use:",[29,18976,18977,18982,18985],{},[32,18978,18979,18981],{},[15,18980,17497],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[32,18983,18984],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[32,18986,18987],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18989,18990,18991,140],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[214,18992,11017,18993,1516],{"href":14313},[15,18994,1313],{},[47,18996,3111],{"id":3110},[20,18998,15014,18999,140],{},[15,19000,17502],{},[887,19002,19004],{"id":19003},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[52,19006,19008],{"className":54,"code":19007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19009,19010,19043,19065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19011,19012,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19013,19014],{"class":67},"d ",[61,19016,72],{"class":71},[61,19018,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19020,140],{"class":75},[61,19022,17562],{"class":143},[61,19024,1878],{"class":75},[61,19026,504],{"class":503},[61,19028,214],{"class":507},[61,19030,504],{"class":503},[61,19032,83],{"class":75},[61,19034,515],{"class":503},[61,19036,329],{"class":507},[61,19038,504],{"class":503},[61,19040,18342],{"class":75},[61,19042,18276],{"class":75},[61,19044,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19046,1080],{"class":67},[61,19048,4182],{"class":75},[61,19050,504],{"class":503},[61,19052,214],{"class":507},[61,19054,504],{"class":503},[61,19056,13831],{"class":75},[61,19058,13834],{"class":143},[61,19060,147],{"class":75},[61,19062,80],{"class":79},[61,19064,153],{"class":75},[61,19066,19067,19069,19071,19073],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,19068,160],{"class":159},[61,19070,147],{"class":75},[61,19072,1080],{"class":143},[61,19074,153],{"class":75},[20,19076,1598],{},[52,19078,19080],{"className":54,"code":19079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19081,19082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19083,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19085,627],{"class":75},[61,19087,630],{"class":503},[61,19089,214],{"class":507},[61,19091,630],{"class":503},[61,19093,192],{"class":75},[61,19095,926],{"class":75},[61,19097,80],{"class":79},[61,19099,18342],{"class":75},[61,19101,639],{"class":503},[61,19103,329],{"class":507},[61,19105,630],{"class":503},[61,19107,192],{"class":75},[61,19109,926],{"class":75},[61,19111,80],{"class":79},[61,19113,1937],{"class":75},[20,19115,19116],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19118,19119],{},"Use this instead:",[52,19121,19123],{"className":54,"code":19122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19124,19125,19149,19173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19126,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19128,17521],{"class":67},[61,19130,72],{"class":71},[61,19132,926],{"class":75},[61,19134,504],{"class":503},[61,19136,214],{"class":507},[61,19138,504],{"class":503},[61,19140,83],{"class":75},[61,19142,515],{"class":503},[61,19144,329],{"class":507},[61,19146,504],{"class":503},[61,19148,943],{"class":75},[61,19150,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19152,19014],{"class":67},[61,19154,72],{"class":71},[61,19156,76],{"class":75},[61,19158,15122],{"class":67},[61,19160,192],{"class":75},[61,19162,18483],{"class":75},[61,19164,4159],{"class":4158},[61,19166,18488],{"class":67},[61,19168,4165],{"class":4158},[61,19170,18493],{"class":67},[61,19172,94],{"class":75},[61,19174,19175,19177,19179,19181],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,19176,160],{"class":159},[61,19178,147],{"class":75},[61,19180,1080],{"class":143},[61,19182,153],{"class":75},[887,19184,19186,19187,19189],{"id":19185},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19188,17497],{}," on a list",[20,19191,19192],{},"Wrong idea:",[52,19194,19196],{"className":54,"code":19195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19197,19198,19230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19199,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19201,17521],{"class":67},[61,19203,72],{"class":71},[61,19205,926],{"class":75},[61,19207,504],{"class":503},[61,19209,214],{"class":507},[61,19211,504],{"class":503},[61,19213,83],{"class":75},[61,19215,515],{"class":503},[61,19217,329],{"class":507},[61,19219,504],{"class":503},[61,19221,83],{"class":75},[61,19223,515],{"class":503},[61,19225,1071],{"class":507},[61,19227,504],{"class":503},[61,19229,943],{"class":75},[61,19231,19232],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19233,19234],{"class":173},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19236,19237,19239,19240,19242,19243,140],{},[15,19238,17497],{}," belongs to ",[15,19241,9104],{},", not ",[15,19244,8377],{},[20,19246,19247],{},"Correct usage:",[52,19249,19251],{"className":54,"code":19250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19252,19253,19285,19307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19256,17521],{"class":67},[61,19258,72],{"class":71},[61,19260,926],{"class":75},[61,19262,504],{"class":503},[61,19264,214],{"class":507},[61,19266,504],{"class":503},[61,19268,83],{"class":75},[61,19270,515],{"class":503},[61,19272,329],{"class":507},[61,19274,504],{"class":503},[61,19276,83],{"class":75},[61,19278,515],{"class":503},[61,19280,1071],{"class":507},[61,19282,504],{"class":503},[61,19284,943],{"class":75},[61,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19288,19014],{"class":67},[61,19290,72],{"class":71},[61,19292,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19294,140],{"class":75},[61,19296,17562],{"class":143},[61,19298,147],{"class":75},[61,19300,17203],{"class":143},[61,19302,83],{"class":75},[61,19304,4114],{"class":79},[61,19306,153],{"class":75},[61,19308,19309,19311,19313,19315],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,19310,160],{"class":159},[61,19312,147],{"class":75},[61,19314,1080],{"class":143},[61,19316,153],{"class":75},[887,19318,1524,19320,19322],{"id":19319},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19321,17497],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19324,19325,19327],{},[15,19326,17502],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[52,19329,19331],{"className":54,"code":19330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19332,19333,19353,19387,19391,19401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19334,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19336,12366],{"class":67},[61,19338,72],{"class":71},[61,19340,76],{"class":75},[61,19342,504],{"class":503},[61,19344,2458],{"class":507},[61,19346,504],{"class":503},[61,19348,192],{"class":75},[61,19350,1720],{"class":79},[61,19352,94],{"class":75},[61,19354,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19356,13319],{"class":67},[61,19358,72],{"class":71},[61,19360,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19362,140],{"class":75},[61,19364,17562],{"class":143},[61,19366,1878],{"class":75},[61,19368,504],{"class":503},[61,19370,214],{"class":507},[61,19372,504],{"class":503},[61,19374,83],{"class":75},[61,19376,515],{"class":503},[61,19378,329],{"class":507},[61,19380,504],{"class":503},[61,19382,18342],{"class":75},[61,19384,4114],{"class":79},[61,19386,153],{"class":75},[61,19388,19389],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,19390,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,19392,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,19394,160],{"class":159},[61,19396,147],{"class":75},[61,19398,12413],{"class":143},[61,19400,153],{"class":75},[61,19402,19403,19405,19407,19410],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,19404,160],{"class":159},[61,19406,147],{"class":75},[61,19408,19409],{"class":143},"new_dict",[61,19411,153],{"class":75},[20,19413,1598],{},[52,19415,19417],{"className":54,"code":19416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19418,19419,19435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19420,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19422,627],{"class":75},[61,19424,630],{"class":503},[61,19426,2458],{"class":507},[61,19428,630],{"class":503},[61,19430,192],{"class":75},[61,19432,1720],{"class":79},[61,19434,94],{"class":75},[61,19436,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19438,627],{"class":75},[61,19440,630],{"class":503},[61,19442,214],{"class":507},[61,19444,630],{"class":503},[61,19446,192],{"class":75},[61,19448,4114],{"class":79},[61,19450,83],{"class":75},[61,19452,639],{"class":503},[61,19454,329],{"class":507},[61,19456,630],{"class":503},[61,19458,192],{"class":75},[61,19460,4114],{"class":79},[61,19462,94],{"class":75},[20,19464,19465,19466,140],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[214,19467,11017,19468,1516],{"href":14313},[15,19469,1313],{},[887,19471,19473,19474],{"id":19472},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19475,4058],{},[52,19477,19479],{"className":54,"code":19478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19480,19481,19511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19482,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19484,19014],{"class":67},[61,19486,72],{"class":71},[61,19488,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19490,140],{"class":75},[61,19492,17562],{"class":143},[61,19494,1878],{"class":75},[61,19496,504],{"class":503},[61,19498,2458],{"class":507},[61,19500,504],{"class":503},[61,19502,83],{"class":75},[61,19504,515],{"class":503},[61,19506,12025],{"class":507},[61,19508,504],{"class":503},[61,19510,1887],{"class":75},[61,19512,19513,19515,19517,19519],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19514,160],{"class":159},[61,19516,147],{"class":75},[61,19518,1080],{"class":143},[61,19520,153],{"class":75},[20,19522,1598],{},[52,19524,19526],{"className":54,"code":19525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19527,19528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19529,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19531,627],{"class":75},[61,19533,630],{"class":503},[61,19535,2458],{"class":507},[61,19537,630],{"class":503},[61,19539,192],{"class":75},[61,19541,4134],{"class":4133},[61,19543,83],{"class":75},[61,19545,639],{"class":503},[61,19547,12025],{"class":507},[61,19549,630],{"class":503},[61,19551,192],{"class":75},[61,19553,4134],{"class":4133},[61,19555,94],{"class":75},[20,19557,19558,19559,140],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19560,4058],{},[47,19562,19564],{"id":19563},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19566,19567,19568,19570],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19569,17497],{}," works.",[52,19572,19574],{"className":54,"code":19573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19575,19576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19577,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19579,160],{"class":159},[61,19581,147],{"class":75},[61,19583,9104],{"class":2071},[61,19585,140],{"class":75},[61,19587,17562],{"class":143},[61,19589,1878],{"class":75},[61,19591,504],{"class":503},[61,19593,214],{"class":507},[61,19595,504],{"class":503},[61,19597,83],{"class":75},[61,19599,515],{"class":503},[61,19601,329],{"class":507},[61,19603,504],{"class":503},[61,19605,18342],{"class":75},[61,19607,4114],{"class":79},[61,19609,1761],{"class":75},[52,19611,19612],{"className":54,"code":19478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,19613,19614,19644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19615,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19617,19014],{"class":67},[61,19619,72],{"class":71},[61,19621,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19623,140],{"class":75},[61,19625,17562],{"class":143},[61,19627,1878],{"class":75},[61,19629,504],{"class":503},[61,19631,2458],{"class":507},[61,19633,504],{"class":503},[61,19635,83],{"class":75},[61,19637,515],{"class":503},[61,19639,12025],{"class":507},[61,19641,504],{"class":503},[61,19643,1887],{"class":75},[61,19645,19646,19648,19650,19652],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19647,160],{"class":159},[61,19649,147],{"class":75},[61,19651,1080],{"class":143},[61,19653,153],{"class":75},[52,19655,19656],{"className":54,"code":19007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,19657,19658,19690,19712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19659,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19661,19014],{"class":67},[61,19663,72],{"class":71},[61,19665,9454],{"class":2071},[61,19667,140],{"class":75},[61,19669,17562],{"class":143},[61,19671,1878],{"class":75},[61,19673,504],{"class":503},[61,19675,214],{"class":507},[61,19677,504],{"class":503},[61,19679,83],{"class":75},[61,19681,515],{"class":503},[61,19683,329],{"class":507},[61,19685,504],{"class":503},[61,19687,18342],{"class":75},[61,19689,18276],{"class":75},[61,19691,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19693,1080],{"class":67},[61,19695,4182],{"class":75},[61,19697,504],{"class":503},[61,19699,214],{"class":507},[61,19701,504],{"class":503},[61,19703,13831],{"class":75},[61,19705,13834],{"class":143},[61,19707,147],{"class":75},[61,19709,80],{"class":79},[61,19711,153],{"class":75},[61,19713,19714,19716,19718,19720],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,19715,160],{"class":159},[61,19717,147],{"class":75},[61,19719,1080],{"class":143},[61,19721,153],{"class":75},[52,19723,19725],{"className":54,"code":19724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19726,19727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19728,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19730,160],{"class":159},[61,19732,147],{"class":75},[61,19734,2072],{"class":2071},[61,19736,147],{"class":75},[61,19738,9104],{"class":2071},[61,19740,140],{"class":75},[61,19742,17562],{"class":143},[61,19744,1878],{"class":75},[61,19746,80],{"class":79},[61,19748,83],{"class":75},[61,19750,86],{"class":79},[61,19752,83],{"class":75},[61,19754,91],{"class":79},[61,19756,18342],{"class":75},[61,19758,515],{"class":503},[61,19760,2755],{"class":507},[61,19762,504],{"class":503},[61,19764,3193],{"class":75},[47,19766,2109],{"id":2108},[887,19768,2113,19770,19772],{"id":19769},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19771,17497],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19774,19775],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[887,19777,19779],{"id":19778},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19781,19782,19783,140],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19784,4058],{},[887,19786,19788],{"id":19787},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19790,19791],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[887,19793,19795],{"id":19794},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19797,18431],{},[52,19799,19801],{"className":54,"code":19800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19802,19803,19835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19804,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19806,17521],{"class":67},[61,19808,72],{"class":71},[61,19810,926],{"class":75},[61,19812,504],{"class":503},[61,19814,214],{"class":507},[61,19816,504],{"class":503},[61,19818,83],{"class":75},[61,19820,515],{"class":503},[61,19822,329],{"class":507},[61,19824,504],{"class":503},[61,19826,83],{"class":75},[61,19828,515],{"class":503},[61,19830,1071],{"class":507},[61,19832,504],{"class":503},[61,19834,943],{"class":75},[61,19836,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19838,9449],{"class":67},[61,19840,72],{"class":71},[61,19842,76],{"class":75},[61,19844,15122],{"class":67},[61,19846,192],{"class":75},[61,19848,18483],{"class":75},[61,19850,4159],{"class":4158},[61,19852,18488],{"class":67},[61,19854,4165],{"class":4158},[61,19856,18493],{"class":67},[61,19858,94],{"class":75},[47,19860,2172],{"id":2171},[29,19862,19863,19867,19871,19875,19881],{},[32,19864,19865],{},[214,19866,11523],{"href":13307},[32,19868,19869],{},[214,19870,9439],{"href":13304},[32,19872,19873],{},[214,19874,11532],{"href":18183},[32,19876,19877],{},[214,19878,11017,19879,1516],{"href":14313},[15,19880,1313],{},[32,19882,19883],{},[214,19884,11017,19885,1516],{"href":15279},[15,19886,13057],{},[20,19888,1503,19889,19891],{},[15,19890,17502],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2204,19893,19894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":19896},[19897,19898,19900,19904,19905,19907,19912,19914,19921,19930,19931,19938],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":17602,"depth":97,"text":19899},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17646,"depth":97,"text":17647,"children":19901},[19902,19903],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":17697,"depth":122,"text":17698},{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":17858,"depth":97,"text":19906},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18187,"depth":97,"text":18188,"children":19908},[19909,19910,19911],{"id":18217,"depth":122,"text":18218},{"id":18379,"depth":122,"text":18380},{"id":18427,"depth":122,"text":18428},{"id":18591,"depth":97,"text":19913},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18749,"depth":97,"text":19915,"children":19916},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19917,19919,19920],{"id":18760,"depth":122,"text":19918},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18825,"depth":122,"text":18826},{"id":18899,"depth":122,"text":18900},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":19922},[19923,19924,19926,19928],{"id":19003,"depth":122,"text":19004},{"id":19185,"depth":122,"text":19925},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19319,"depth":122,"text":19927},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19472,"depth":122,"text":19929},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19563,"depth":97,"text":19564},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":19932},[19933,19935,19936,19937],{"id":19769,"depth":122,"text":19934},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19778,"depth":122,"text":19779},{"id":19787,"depth":122,"text":19788},{"id":19794,"depth":122,"text":19795},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17489,"description":19939},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19946,"title":19947,"body":19948,"description":21777,"extension":2249,"meta":21778,"navigation":125,"path":21779,"seo":21780,"stem":21781,"__hash__":21782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19949,"toc":21744},[19950,19955,19961,19972,20102,20109,20114,20118,20134,20136,20234,20237,20254,20258,20260,20265,20303,20306,20324,20326,20444,20449,20453,20469,20472,20608,20611,20616,20622,20625,20662,20665,20669,20674,20750,20754,20759,20841,20843,20859,20864,20868,20874,20943,20946,20963,20966,21048,21054,21057,21077,21081,21086,21092,21098,21169,21172,21178,21181,21255,21261,21267,21275,21285,21287,21382,21388,21393,21480,21486,21488,21493,21515,21518,21613,21616,21647,21660,21662,21670,21676,21682,21685,21691,21696,21703,21708,21710,21741],[10,19951,11599,19953,18],{"id":19952},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19954,11020],{},[20,19956,19957,19958,19960],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19959,11020],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19962,19963,19964,1830,19967,2680,19969,19971],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19965,19966],{},"KeyError",[15,19968,11020],{},[15,19970,4058],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[52,19973,19975],{"className":54,"code":19974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19976,19977,20013,20017,20043,20068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19978,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19980,13485],{"class":67},[61,19982,72],{"class":71},[61,19984,76],{"class":75},[61,19986,504],{"class":503},[61,19988,7949],{"class":507},[61,19990,504],{"class":503},[61,19992,192],{"class":75},[61,19994,515],{"class":503},[61,19996,13161],{"class":507},[61,19998,504],{"class":503},[61,20000,83],{"class":75},[61,20002,515],{"class":503},[61,20004,9581],{"class":507},[61,20006,504],{"class":503},[61,20008,192],{"class":75},[61,20010,9588],{"class":79},[61,20012,94],{"class":75},[61,20014,20015],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20016,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20018,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20020,160],{"class":159},[61,20022,147],{"class":75},[61,20024,17586],{"class":143},[61,20026,140],{"class":75},[61,20028,20029],{"class":143},"get",[61,20031,147],{"class":75},[61,20033,504],{"class":503},[61,20035,7949],{"class":507},[61,20037,504],{"class":503},[61,20039,5641],{"class":75},[61,20041,20042],{"class":173},"           # Ana\n",[61,20044,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20046,160],{"class":159},[61,20048,147],{"class":75},[61,20050,17586],{"class":143},[61,20052,140],{"class":75},[61,20054,20029],{"class":143},[61,20056,147],{"class":75},[61,20058,504],{"class":503},[61,20060,10690],{"class":507},[61,20062,504],{"class":503},[61,20064,5641],{"class":75},[61,20066,20067],{"class":173},"           # None\n",[61,20069,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20095,20097,20099],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,20071,160],{"class":159},[61,20073,147],{"class":75},[61,20075,17586],{"class":143},[61,20077,140],{"class":75},[61,20079,20029],{"class":143},[61,20081,147],{"class":75},[61,20083,504],{"class":503},[61,20085,10690],{"class":507},[61,20087,504],{"class":503},[61,20089,83],{"class":75},[61,20091,515],{"class":503},[61,20093,20094],{"class":507},"N\u002FA",[61,20096,504],{"class":503},[61,20098,5641],{"class":75},[61,20100,20101],{"class":173},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20103,1503,20104,20106,20107,140],{},[15,20105,11020],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20108,19966],{},[47,20110,184,20112,187],{"id":20111},"what-get-does",[15,20113,11020],{},[20,20115,2266,20116,11693],{},[15,20117,11020],{},[29,20119,20120,20123,20128,20131],{},[32,20121,20122],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[32,20124,11704,20125,20127],{},[15,20126,4058],{}," if the key does not exist",[32,20129,20130],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[32,20132,20133],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20135,368],{},[52,20137,20139],{"className":54,"code":20138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20140,20141,20180,20184,20209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20142,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20162,20164,20166,20168,20171,20173,20175,20178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20144,13144],{"class":67},[61,20146,72],{"class":71},[61,20148,76],{"class":75},[61,20150,504],{"class":503},[61,20152,7949],{"class":507},[61,20154,504],{"class":503},[61,20156,192],{"class":75},[61,20158,515],{"class":503},[61,20160,20161],{"class":507},"Lina",[61,20163,504],{"class":503},[61,20165,83],{"class":75},[61,20167,515],{"class":503},[61,20169,20170],{"class":507},"grade",[61,20172,504],{"class":503},[61,20174,192],{"class":75},[61,20176,20177],{"class":79}," 90",[61,20179,94],{"class":75},[61,20181,20182],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20183,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20187,160],{"class":159},[61,20189,147],{"class":75},[61,20191,13907],{"class":143},[61,20193,140],{"class":75},[61,20195,20029],{"class":143},[61,20197,147],{"class":75},[61,20199,504],{"class":503},[61,20201,7949],{"class":507},[61,20203,504],{"class":503},[61,20205,5641],{"class":75},[61,20207,20208],{"class":173},"     # Lina\n",[61,20210,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20212,160],{"class":159},[61,20214,147],{"class":75},[61,20216,13907],{"class":143},[61,20218,140],{"class":75},[61,20220,20029],{"class":143},[61,20222,147],{"class":75},[61,20224,504],{"class":503},[61,20226,15539],{"class":507},[61,20228,504],{"class":503},[61,20230,5641],{"class":75},[61,20232,20233],{"class":173},"    # None\n",[20,20235,20236],{},"In this example:",[29,20238,20239,20244],{},[32,20240,20241,20243],{},[15,20242,15520],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[32,20245,20246,20249,20250,2680,20252],{},[15,20247,20248],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20251,11020],{},[15,20253,4058],{},[20,20255,13301,20256,140],{},[214,20257,9439],{"href":9438},[47,20259,221],{"id":220},[20,20261,20262,20263,192],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20264,11020],{},[52,20266,20268],{"className":54,"code":20267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20269,20270,20284],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20271,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20273,15885],{"class":67},[61,20275,140],{"class":75},[61,20277,20029],{"class":143},[61,20279,147],{"class":75},[61,20281,15122],{"class":143},[61,20283,153],{"class":75},[61,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20301],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20287,15885],{"class":67},[61,20289,140],{"class":75},[61,20291,20029],{"class":143},[61,20293,147],{"class":75},[61,20295,15122],{"class":143},[61,20297,83],{"class":75},[61,20299,20300],{"class":143}," default_value",[61,20302,153],{"class":75},[20,20304,20305],{},"What each part means:",[29,20307,20308,20313,20319],{},[32,20309,20310,20312],{},[15,20311,15122],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[32,20314,20315,20318],{},[15,20316,20317],{},"default_value"," is optional",[32,20320,20321,20322],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20323,4058],{},[20,20325,368],{},[52,20327,20329],{"className":54,"code":20328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20330,20331,20355,20359,20384,20410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20332,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20334,14106],{"class":67},[61,20336,72],{"class":71},[61,20338,76],{"class":75},[61,20340,504],{"class":503},[61,20342,12775],{"class":507},[61,20344,504],{"class":503},[61,20346,192],{"class":75},[61,20348,515],{"class":503},[61,20350,12784],{"class":507},[61,20352,504],{"class":503},[61,20354,94],{"class":75},[61,20356,20357],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20358,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20360,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20362,160],{"class":159},[61,20364,147],{"class":75},[61,20366,14165],{"class":143},[61,20368,140],{"class":75},[61,20370,20029],{"class":143},[61,20372,147],{"class":75},[61,20374,504],{"class":503},[61,20376,12775],{"class":507},[61,20378,504],{"class":503},[61,20380,5641],{"class":75},[61,20382,20383],{"class":173},"            # dark\n",[61,20385,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20403,20405,20407],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20387,160],{"class":159},[61,20389,147],{"class":75},[61,20391,14165],{"class":143},[61,20393,140],{"class":75},[61,20395,20029],{"class":143},[61,20397,147],{"class":75},[61,20399,504],{"class":503},[61,20401,20402],{"class":507},"language",[61,20404,504],{"class":503},[61,20406,5641],{"class":75},[61,20408,20409],{"class":173},"         # None\n",[61,20411,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20437,20439,20441],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,20413,160],{"class":159},[61,20415,147],{"class":75},[61,20417,14165],{"class":143},[61,20419,140],{"class":75},[61,20421,20029],{"class":143},[61,20423,147],{"class":75},[61,20425,504],{"class":503},[61,20427,20402],{"class":507},[61,20429,504],{"class":503},[61,20431,83],{"class":75},[61,20433,515],{"class":503},[61,20435,20436],{"class":507},"en",[61,20438,504],{"class":503},[61,20440,5641],{"class":75},[61,20442,20443],{"class":173},"   # en\n",[47,20445,5240,20447],{"id":20446},"when-to-use-get",[15,20448,11020],{},[20,20450,1503,20451,10881],{},[15,20452,11020],{},[29,20454,20455,20458,20463,20466],{},[32,20456,20457],{},"A key might not exist",[32,20459,20460,20461],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20462,19966],{},[32,20464,20465],{},"You are reading optional data",[32,20467,20468],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20470,20471],{},"Example with optional user data:",[52,20473,20475],{"className":54,"code":20474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20476,20477,20519,20523,20548,20574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20478,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20515,20517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20480,11767],{"class":67},[61,20482,72],{"class":71},[61,20484,76],{"class":75},[61,20486,504],{"class":503},[61,20488,8268],{"class":507},[61,20490,504],{"class":503},[61,20492,192],{"class":75},[61,20494,515],{"class":503},[61,20496,20497],{"class":507},"sam",[61,20499,504],{"class":503},[61,20501,83],{"class":75},[61,20503,515],{"class":503},[61,20505,15539],{"class":507},[61,20507,504],{"class":503},[61,20509,192],{"class":75},[61,20511,515],{"class":503},[61,20513,20514],{"class":507},"sam@example.com",[61,20516,504],{"class":503},[61,20518,94],{"class":75},[61,20520,20521],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20522,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20524,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20526,160],{"class":159},[61,20528,147],{"class":75},[61,20530,11861],{"class":143},[61,20532,140],{"class":75},[61,20534,20029],{"class":143},[61,20536,147],{"class":75},[61,20538,504],{"class":503},[61,20540,8268],{"class":507},[61,20542,504],{"class":503},[61,20544,5641],{"class":75},[61,20546,20547],{"class":173},"              # sam\n",[61,20549,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20567,20569,20571],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20551,160],{"class":159},[61,20553,147],{"class":75},[61,20555,11861],{"class":143},[61,20557,140],{"class":75},[61,20559,20029],{"class":143},[61,20561,147],{"class":75},[61,20563,504],{"class":503},[61,20565,20566],{"class":507},"phone",[61,20568,504],{"class":503},[61,20570,5641],{"class":75},[61,20572,20573],{"class":173},"                 # None\n",[61,20575,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20601,20603,20605],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,20577,160],{"class":159},[61,20579,147],{"class":75},[61,20581,11861],{"class":143},[61,20583,140],{"class":75},[61,20585,20029],{"class":143},[61,20587,147],{"class":75},[61,20589,504],{"class":503},[61,20591,20566],{"class":507},[61,20593,504],{"class":503},[61,20595,83],{"class":75},[61,20597,515],{"class":503},[61,20599,20600],{"class":507},"Not provided",[61,20602,504],{"class":503},[61,20604,5641],{"class":75},[61,20606,20607],{"class":173}," # Not provided\n",[20,20609,20610],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20612,20613,20614,140],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[214,20615,16877],{"href":16876},[47,20617,20619,20621],{"id":20618},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20620,11020],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20623,20624],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[52,20626,20628],{"className":54,"code":20627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20629,20630,20644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20631,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20633,9488],{"class":67},[61,20635,4182],{"class":75},[61,20637,504],{"class":503},[61,20639,15122],{"class":507},[61,20641,504],{"class":503},[61,20643,943],{"class":75},[61,20645,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20647,9488],{"class":67},[61,20649,140],{"class":75},[61,20651,20029],{"class":143},[61,20653,147],{"class":75},[61,20655,504],{"class":503},[61,20657,15122],{"class":507},[61,20659,504],{"class":503},[61,20661,153],{"class":75},[20,20663,20664],{},"The difference is important.",[887,20666,20668],{"id":20667},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20670,20671,20672,140],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20673,19966],{},[52,20675,20677],{"className":54,"code":20676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20678,20679,20703,20707,20729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20680,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20682,9449],{"class":67},[61,20684,72],{"class":71},[61,20686,76],{"class":75},[61,20688,504],{"class":503},[61,20690,7949],{"class":507},[61,20692,504],{"class":503},[61,20694,192],{"class":75},[61,20696,515],{"class":503},[61,20698,13161],{"class":507},[61,20700,504],{"class":503},[61,20702,94],{"class":75},[61,20704,20705],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20706,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20708,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20726],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20710,160],{"class":159},[61,20712,147],{"class":75},[61,20714,9488],{"class":143},[61,20716,4182],{"class":75},[61,20718,504],{"class":503},[61,20720,7949],{"class":507},[61,20722,504],{"class":503},[61,20724,20725],{"class":75},"])",[61,20727,20728],{"class":173},"   # Ana\n",[61,20730,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20732,160],{"class":159},[61,20734,147],{"class":75},[61,20736,9488],{"class":143},[61,20738,4182],{"class":75},[61,20740,504],{"class":503},[61,20742,10690],{"class":507},[61,20744,504],{"class":503},[61,20746,20725],{"class":75},[61,20748,20749],{"class":173},"   # KeyError\n",[887,20751,20752],{"id":20029},[15,20753,11020],{},[20,20755,20756,20758],{},[15,20757,11020],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[52,20760,20762],{"className":54,"code":20761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20763,20764,20788,20792,20816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20765,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20767,9449],{"class":67},[61,20769,72],{"class":71},[61,20771,76],{"class":75},[61,20773,504],{"class":503},[61,20775,7949],{"class":507},[61,20777,504],{"class":503},[61,20779,192],{"class":75},[61,20781,515],{"class":503},[61,20783,13161],{"class":507},[61,20785,504],{"class":503},[61,20787,94],{"class":75},[61,20789,20790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20791,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20793,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20795,160],{"class":159},[61,20797,147],{"class":75},[61,20799,9488],{"class":143},[61,20801,140],{"class":75},[61,20803,20029],{"class":143},[61,20805,147],{"class":75},[61,20807,504],{"class":503},[61,20809,7949],{"class":507},[61,20811,504],{"class":503},[61,20813,5641],{"class":75},[61,20815,20728],{"class":173},[61,20817,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,20819,160],{"class":159},[61,20821,147],{"class":75},[61,20823,9488],{"class":143},[61,20825,140],{"class":75},[61,20827,20029],{"class":143},[61,20829,147],{"class":75},[61,20831,504],{"class":503},[61,20833,10690],{"class":507},[61,20835,504],{"class":503},[61,20837,5641],{"class":75},[61,20839,20840],{"class":173},"   # None\n",[20,20842,18974],{},[29,20844,20845,20851],{},[32,20846,20847,20848],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[39,20849,20850],{},"must exist",[32,20852,20853,20855,20856],{},[15,20854,11020],{}," when the key is ",[39,20857,20858],{},"optional",[20,20860,20861,20862,140],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[214,20863,11543],{"href":11354},[47,20865,20867],{"id":20866},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20869,20870,20871,20873],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20872,11020],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[52,20875,20877],{"className":54,"code":20876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20878,20879,20904,20908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20880,20881,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20882,20883],{"class":67},"profile ",[61,20885,72],{"class":71},[61,20887,76],{"class":75},[61,20889,504],{"class":503},[61,20891,7949],{"class":507},[61,20893,504],{"class":503},[61,20895,192],{"class":75},[61,20897,515],{"class":503},[61,20899,8204],{"class":507},[61,20901,504],{"class":503},[61,20903,94],{"class":75},[61,20905,20906],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20907,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,20909,20910,20912,20914,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20936,20938,20940],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,20911,160],{"class":159},[61,20913,147],{"class":75},[61,20915,20916],{"class":143},"profile",[61,20918,140],{"class":75},[61,20920,20029],{"class":143},[61,20922,147],{"class":75},[61,20924,504],{"class":503},[61,20926,15542],{"class":507},[61,20928,504],{"class":503},[61,20930,83],{"class":75},[61,20932,515],{"class":503},[61,20934,20935],{"class":507},"Unknown",[61,20937,504],{"class":503},[61,20939,5641],{"class":75},[61,20941,20942],{"class":173},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20944,20945],{},"This is useful for display text:",[29,20947,20948,20953,20958],{},[32,20949,20950],{},[15,20951,20952],{},"\"Unknown\"",[32,20954,20955],{},[15,20956,20957],{},"\"Not set\"",[32,20959,20960],{},[15,20961,20962],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20964,20965],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[52,20967,20969],{"className":54,"code":20968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20970,20971,21003,21007,21034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20972,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20974,5343],{"class":67},[61,20976,72],{"class":71},[61,20978,76],{"class":75},[61,20980,504],{"class":503},[61,20982,18696],{"class":507},[61,20984,504],{"class":503},[61,20986,192],{"class":75},[61,20988,6285],{"class":79},[61,20990,83],{"class":75},[61,20992,515],{"class":503},[61,20994,18705],{"class":507},[61,20996,504],{"class":503},[61,20998,192],{"class":75},[61,21000,6639],{"class":79},[61,21002,94],{"class":75},[61,21004,21005],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21006,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21008,21009,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21010,21011],{"class":67},"total_history ",[61,21013,72],{"class":71},[61,21015,5390],{"class":67},[61,21017,140],{"class":75},[61,21019,20029],{"class":143},[61,21021,147],{"class":75},[61,21023,504],{"class":503},[61,21025,18714],{"class":507},[61,21027,504],{"class":503},[61,21029,83],{"class":75},[61,21031,4114],{"class":79},[61,21033,153],{"class":75},[61,21035,21036,21038,21040,21043,21045],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21037,160],{"class":159},[61,21039,147],{"class":75},[61,21041,21042],{"class":143},"total_history",[61,21044,442],{"class":75},[61,21046,21047],{"class":173},"   # 0\n",[20,21049,21050,21051,21053],{},"Here, ",[15,21052,2405],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21055,21056],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[29,21058,21059,21062,21067,21072],{},[32,21060,21061],{},"Use a string for text",[32,21063,1503,21064,21066],{},[15,21065,2405],{}," for numbers",[32,21068,1503,21069,21071],{},[15,21070,4067],{}," for lists if needed",[32,21073,1503,21074,21076],{},[15,21075,4072],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[47,21078,21080],{"id":21079},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21082,21083,21084,140],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21085,11020],{},[887,21087,21089,21091],{"id":21088},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21090,11020],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21093,21094,21095,21097],{},"This code does ",[39,21096,4909],{}," create a new key:",[52,21099,21101],{"className":54,"code":21100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21102,21103,21127,21131,21156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21104,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21106,13485],{"class":67},[61,21108,72],{"class":71},[61,21110,76],{"class":75},[61,21112,504],{"class":503},[61,21114,7949],{"class":507},[61,21116,504],{"class":503},[61,21118,192],{"class":75},[61,21120,515],{"class":503},[61,21122,13161],{"class":507},[61,21124,504],{"class":503},[61,21126,94],{"class":75},[61,21128,21129],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21130,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21132,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21134,160],{"class":159},[61,21136,147],{"class":75},[61,21138,17586],{"class":143},[61,21140,140],{"class":75},[61,21142,20029],{"class":143},[61,21144,147],{"class":75},[61,21146,504],{"class":503},[61,21148,10690],{"class":507},[61,21150,504],{"class":503},[61,21152,5641],{"class":75},[61,21154,21155],{"class":173},"  # None\n",[61,21157,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21159,160],{"class":159},[61,21161,147],{"class":75},[61,21163,17586],{"class":143},[61,21165,442],{"class":75},[61,21167,21168],{"class":173},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21170,21171],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[887,21173,21175,21177],{"id":21174},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21176,11020],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21179,21180],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[52,21182,21184],{"className":54,"code":21183,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21185,21186,21212,21216,21242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21187,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21199,21201,21203,21205,21208,21210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21189,14106],{"class":67},[61,21191,72],{"class":71},[61,21193,76],{"class":75},[61,21195,504],{"class":503},[61,21197,21198],{"class":507},"mode",[61,21200,504],{"class":503},[61,21202,192],{"class":75},[61,21204,515],{"class":503},[61,21206,21207],{"class":507},"light",[61,21209,504],{"class":503},[61,21211,94],{"class":75},[61,21213,21214],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21215,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21217,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21219,14165],{"class":67},[61,21221,140],{"class":75},[61,21223,20029],{"class":143},[61,21225,147],{"class":75},[61,21227,504],{"class":503},[61,21229,12775],{"class":507},[61,21231,504],{"class":503},[61,21233,83],{"class":75},[61,21235,515],{"class":503},[61,21237,12784],{"class":507},[61,21239,504],{"class":503},[61,21241,153],{"class":75},[61,21243,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21245,160],{"class":159},[61,21247,147],{"class":75},[61,21249,14165],{"class":143},[61,21251,442],{"class":75},[61,21253,21254],{"class":173},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21256,1010,21257,21260],{},[15,21258,21259],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[887,21262,21264,21265],{"id":21263},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21266,4058],{},[20,21268,21269,21270,2680,21272,21274],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21271,11020],{},[15,21273,4058],{}," because:",[29,21276,21277,21280],{},[32,21278,21279],{},"The key is missing, or",[32,21281,21282,21283],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21284,4058],{},[20,21286,368],{},[52,21288,21290],{"className":54,"code":21289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21291,21292,21329,21333,21357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21293,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21321,21323,21325,21327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21295,9449],{"class":67},[61,21297,72],{"class":71},[61,21299,76],{"class":75},[61,21301,504],{"class":503},[61,21303,7949],{"class":507},[61,21305,504],{"class":503},[61,21307,192],{"class":75},[61,21309,515],{"class":503},[61,21311,13161],{"class":507},[61,21313,504],{"class":503},[61,21315,83],{"class":75},[61,21317,515],{"class":503},[61,21319,21320],{"class":507},"nickname",[61,21322,504],{"class":503},[61,21324,192],{"class":75},[61,21326,4134],{"class":4133},[61,21328,94],{"class":75},[61,21330,21331],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21332,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21334,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21336,160],{"class":159},[61,21338,147],{"class":75},[61,21340,9488],{"class":143},[61,21342,140],{"class":75},[61,21344,20029],{"class":143},[61,21346,147],{"class":75},[61,21348,504],{"class":503},[61,21350,21320],{"class":507},[61,21352,504],{"class":503},[61,21354,5641],{"class":75},[61,21356,21155],{"class":173},[61,21358,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21360,160],{"class":159},[61,21362,147],{"class":75},[61,21364,9488],{"class":143},[61,21366,140],{"class":75},[61,21368,20029],{"class":143},[61,21370,147],{"class":75},[61,21372,504],{"class":503},[61,21374,10690],{"class":507},[61,21376,504],{"class":503},[61,21378,5641],{"class":75},[61,21380,21381],{"class":173},"      # None\n",[20,21383,21384,21385,21387],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21386,4058],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21389,21390,21391,192],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21392,4165],{},[52,21394,21396],{"className":54,"code":21395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21397,21398,21434,21438,21459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21399,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21401,9449],{"class":67},[61,21403,72],{"class":71},[61,21405,76],{"class":75},[61,21407,504],{"class":503},[61,21409,7949],{"class":507},[61,21411,504],{"class":503},[61,21413,192],{"class":75},[61,21415,515],{"class":503},[61,21417,13161],{"class":507},[61,21419,504],{"class":503},[61,21421,83],{"class":75},[61,21423,515],{"class":503},[61,21425,21320],{"class":507},[61,21427,504],{"class":503},[61,21429,192],{"class":75},[61,21431,4134],{"class":4133},[61,21433,94],{"class":75},[61,21435,21436],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21437,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21439,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21453,21455,21457],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21441,160],{"class":159},[61,21443,147],{"class":75},[61,21445,504],{"class":503},[61,21447,21320],{"class":507},[61,21449,504],{"class":503},[61,21451,21452],{"class":4158}," in",[61,21454,14847],{"class":143},[61,21456,442],{"class":75},[61,21458,3944],{"class":173},[61,21460,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21462,160],{"class":159},[61,21464,147],{"class":75},[61,21466,504],{"class":503},[61,21468,10690],{"class":507},[61,21470,504],{"class":503},[61,21472,21452],{"class":4158},[61,21474,14847],{"class":143},[61,21476,442],{"class":75},[61,21478,21479],{"class":173},"      # False\n",[20,21481,21482,21483,140],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[214,21484,21485],{"href":17432},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[47,21487,3111],{"id":3110},[20,21489,21490,21491,192],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21492,11020],{},[29,21494,21495,21500,21507,21512],{},[32,21496,21497,21498],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21499,19966],{},[32,21501,4983,21502,2680,21504,21506],{},[15,21503,11020],{},[15,21505,4058],{}," if no default is provided",[32,21508,4858,21509,21511],{},[15,21510,11020],{}," creates a key automatically",[32,21513,21514],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21516,21517],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[52,21519,21521],{"className":54,"code":21520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21522,21523,21533,21547,21565,21587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21524,21525,21527,21529,21531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21526,160],{"class":159},[61,21528,147],{"class":75},[61,21530,11730],{"class":143},[61,21532,153],{"class":75},[61,21534,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21536,160],{"class":159},[61,21538,147],{"class":75},[61,21540,11730],{"class":143},[61,21542,140],{"class":75},[61,21544,17203],{"class":143},[61,21546,7474],{"class":75},[61,21548,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21550,160],{"class":159},[61,21552,147],{"class":75},[61,21554,630],{"class":503},[61,21556,7949],{"class":507},[61,21558,630],{"class":503},[61,21560,21452],{"class":4158},[61,21562,12046],{"class":143},[61,21564,153],{"class":75},[61,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21568,160],{"class":159},[61,21570,147],{"class":75},[61,21572,11730],{"class":143},[61,21574,140],{"class":75},[61,21576,20029],{"class":143},[61,21578,147],{"class":75},[61,21580,630],{"class":503},[61,21582,7949],{"class":507},[61,21584,630],{"class":503},[61,21586,1761],{"class":75},[61,21588,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,21590,160],{"class":159},[61,21592,147],{"class":75},[61,21594,2072],{"class":2071},[61,21596,147],{"class":75},[61,21598,11730],{"class":143},[61,21600,140],{"class":75},[61,21602,20029],{"class":143},[61,21604,147],{"class":75},[61,21606,630],{"class":503},[61,21608,7949],{"class":507},[61,21610,630],{"class":503},[61,21612,3193],{"class":75},[20,21614,21615],{},"What these checks tell you:",[29,21617,21618,21623,21629,21635,21641],{},[32,21619,21620,21622],{},[15,21621,12960],{}," shows the full dictionary",[32,21624,21625,21628],{},[15,21626,21627],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[32,21630,21631,21634],{},[15,21632,21633],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[32,21636,21637,21640],{},[15,21638,21639],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[32,21642,21643,21646],{},[15,21644,21645],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21648,21649,21650,700,21655,21659],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[214,21651,21652,21653,1516],{"href":17342},"the dictionary ",[15,21654,17345],{},[214,21656,21652,21657,1516],{"href":17354},[15,21658,17357],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[47,21661,2109],{"id":2108},[887,21663,2113,21665,21667,21668,2159],{"id":21664},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21666,11020],{}," raise ",[15,21669,19966],{},[20,21671,21672,21673,21675],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21674,4058],{}," or the default value you provide.",[887,21677,2113,21679,21681],{"id":21678},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21680,11020],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21683,21684],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[887,21686,21688,21689,2159],{"id":21687},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21690,11020],{},[20,21692,21693,21695],{},[15,21694,4058],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[887,21697,21699,21700,21702],{"id":21698},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21701,11020],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21704,1503,21705,21707],{},[15,21706,11020],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[47,21709,2172],{"id":2171},[29,21711,21712,21716,21722,21728,21732,21737],{},[32,21713,21714],{},[214,21715,9439],{"href":9438},[32,21717,21718],{},[214,21719,11017,21720,1516],{"href":17342},[15,21721,17345],{},[32,21723,21724],{},[214,21725,11017,21726,1516],{"href":17354},[15,21727,17357],{},[32,21729,21730],{},[214,21731,17433],{"href":17432},[32,21733,21734],{},[214,21735,21736],{"href":16876},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[32,21738,21739],{},[214,21740,11543],{"href":11354},[2204,21742,21743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21754,21755],{"id":20667,"depth":122,"text":20668},{"id":20029,"depth":122,"text":11020},{"id":20866,"depth":97,"text":20867},{"id":21079,"depth":97,"text":21080,"children":21758},[21759,21761,21763],{"id":21088,"depth":122,"text":21760},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21174,"depth":122,"text":21762},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21263,"depth":122,"text":21764},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":21767},[21768,21770,21772,21774],{"id":21664,"depth":122,"text":21769},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21678,"depth":122,"text":21771},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21687,"depth":122,"text":21773},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21698,"depth":122,"text":21775},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19947,"description":21777},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21784,"title":21785,"body":21786,"description":24339,"extension":2249,"meta":24340,"navigation":125,"path":24341,"seo":24342,"stem":24343,"__hash__":24344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21787,"toc":24305},[21788,21793,21799,21805,21807,21889,21893,21910,21915,21920,21925,21927,21941,21943,22006,22010,22050,22058,22060,22062,22077,22080,22093,22095,22174,22178,22244,22246,22248,22256,22258,22269,22271,22381,22385,22464,22469,22475,22480,22593,22597,22629,22632,22739,22745,22752,22756,22759,22861,22865,22926,22929,22932,22943,22952,22955,22972,22974,23073,23077,23152,23155,23178,23183,23188,23205,23207,23328,23332,23366,23368,23373,23380,23390,23392,23470,23473,23544,23554,23557,23589,23592,23631,23637,23644,23647,23738,23742,23823,23829,23832,23835,23940,23943,23946,24068,24072,24075,24142,24146,24183,24189,24191,24197,24202,24208,24215,24221,24224,24263,24269,24272,24274,24302],[10,21789,11599,21791,18],{"id":21790},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21792,17357],{},[20,21794,2266,21795,21798],{},[15,21796,21797],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21800,21801,21802,21804],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21803,17357],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[47,21806,50],{"id":49},[52,21808,21810],{"className":54,"code":21809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21811,21812,21848,21852,21875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21813,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21815,13485],{"class":67},[61,21817,72],{"class":71},[61,21819,76],{"class":75},[61,21821,504],{"class":503},[61,21823,7949],{"class":507},[61,21825,504],{"class":503},[61,21827,192],{"class":75},[61,21829,515],{"class":503},[61,21831,13161],{"class":507},[61,21833,504],{"class":503},[61,21835,83],{"class":75},[61,21837,515],{"class":503},[61,21839,9581],{"class":507},[61,21841,504],{"class":503},[61,21843,192],{"class":75},[61,21845,9588],{"class":79},[61,21847,94],{"class":75},[61,21849,21850],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21851,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21853,21854,21856,21859,21861,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21855,6238],{"class":4158},[61,21857,21858],{"class":67}," key",[61,21860,83],{"class":75},[61,21862,21863],{"class":67}," value ",[61,21865,4165],{"class":4158},[61,21867,13528],{"class":67},[61,21869,140],{"class":75},[61,21871,8092],{"class":143},[61,21873,21874],{"class":75},"():\n",[61,21876,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,21878,8352],{"class":159},[61,21880,147],{"class":75},[61,21882,15122],{"class":143},[61,21884,83],{"class":75},[61,21886,8717],{"class":143},[61,21888,153],{"class":75},[20,21890,21891],{},[39,21892,1598],{},[52,21894,21896],{"className":54,"code":21895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21897,21898,21903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21899,21900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21901,21902],{"class":67},"name Ana\n",[61,21904,21905,21908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21906,21907],{"class":67},"age ",[61,21909,2989],{"class":79},[20,21911,1503,21912,21914],{},[15,21913,17357],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[47,21916,184,21918,187],{"id":21917},"what-items-does",[15,21919,17357],{},[20,21921,21922,21924],{},[15,21923,17357],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21926,11739],{},[29,21928,21929,21935,21938],{},[32,21930,21931,21932],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21933,21934],{},"(key, value)",[32,21936,21937],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[32,21939,21940],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21942,368],{},[52,21944,21946],{"className":54,"code":21945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21947,21948,21984,21988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21949,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21951,13485],{"class":67},[61,21953,72],{"class":71},[61,21955,76],{"class":75},[61,21957,504],{"class":503},[61,21959,7949],{"class":507},[61,21961,504],{"class":503},[61,21963,192],{"class":75},[61,21965,515],{"class":503},[61,21967,13161],{"class":507},[61,21969,504],{"class":503},[61,21971,83],{"class":75},[61,21973,515],{"class":503},[61,21975,9581],{"class":507},[61,21977,504],{"class":503},[61,21979,192],{"class":75},[61,21981,9588],{"class":79},[61,21983,94],{"class":75},[61,21985,21986],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21987,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,21989,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,21991,160],{"class":159},[61,21993,147],{"class":75},[61,21995,8377],{"class":2071},[61,21997,147],{"class":75},[61,21999,17586],{"class":143},[61,22001,140],{"class":75},[61,22003,8092],{"class":143},[61,22005,6569],{"class":75},[20,22007,22008],{},[39,22009,1598],{},[52,22011,22013],{"className":54,"code":22012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22014,22015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22016,22017,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22018,22019],{"class":75},"[(",[61,22021,630],{"class":503},[61,22023,7949],{"class":507},[61,22025,630],{"class":503},[61,22027,83],{"class":75},[61,22029,639],{"class":503},[61,22031,13161],{"class":507},[61,22033,630],{"class":503},[61,22035,9517],{"class":75},[61,22037,1058],{"class":75},[61,22039,630],{"class":503},[61,22041,9581],{"class":507},[61,22043,630],{"class":503},[61,22045,83],{"class":75},[61,22047,9588],{"class":79},[61,22049,9532],{"class":75},[20,22051,22052,22053,3159,22055,140],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[214,22054,9439],{"href":13304},[214,22056,15305],{"href":22057},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[47,22059,221],{"id":220},[20,22061,5714],{},[52,22063,22065],{"className":54,"code":22064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22066,22067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22068,22069,22071,22073,22075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22070,11730],{"class":67},[61,22072,140],{"class":75},[61,22074,8092],{"class":143},[61,22076,8926],{"class":75},[20,22078,22079],{},"Things to remember:",[29,22081,22082,22087,22090],{},[32,22083,22084,22086],{},[15,22085,17357],{}," does not take any arguments",[32,22088,22089],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[32,22091,22092],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22094,368],{},[52,22096,22098],{"className":54,"code":22097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22099,22100,22132,22136,22150,22154,22164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22101,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22103,5343],{"class":67},[61,22105,72],{"class":71},[61,22107,76],{"class":75},[61,22109,504],{"class":503},[61,22111,5283],{"class":507},[61,22113,504],{"class":503},[61,22115,192],{"class":75},[61,22117,20177],{"class":79},[61,22119,83],{"class":75},[61,22121,515],{"class":503},[61,22123,5292],{"class":507},[61,22125,504],{"class":503},[61,22127,192],{"class":75},[61,22129,13788],{"class":79},[61,22131,94],{"class":75},[61,22133,22134],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22135,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22137,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22139,132],{"class":67},[61,22141,72],{"class":71},[61,22143,5390],{"class":67},[61,22145,140],{"class":75},[61,22147,8092],{"class":143},[61,22149,8926],{"class":75},[61,22151,22152],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,22153,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22155,22156,22158,22160,22162],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,22157,160],{"class":159},[61,22159,147],{"class":75},[61,22161,165],{"class":143},[61,22163,153],{"class":75},[61,22165,22166,22168,22170,22172],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,22167,160],{"class":159},[61,22169,147],{"class":75},[61,22171,16668],{"class":143},[61,22173,153],{"class":75},[20,22175,22176],{},[39,22177,1598],{},[52,22179,22181],{"className":54,"code":22180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22182,22183,22216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22184,22185,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22186,22187],{"class":143},"dict_items",[61,22189,9939],{"class":75},[61,22191,630],{"class":503},[61,22193,5283],{"class":507},[61,22195,630],{"class":503},[61,22197,83],{"class":75},[61,22199,20177],{"class":79},[61,22201,9517],{"class":75},[61,22203,1058],{"class":75},[61,22205,630],{"class":503},[61,22207,5292],{"class":507},[61,22209,630],{"class":503},[61,22211,83],{"class":75},[61,22213,13788],{"class":79},[61,22215,10959],{"class":75},[61,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22219,627],{"class":75},[61,22221,630],{"class":503},[61,22223,5283],{"class":507},[61,22225,630],{"class":503},[61,22227,192],{"class":75},[61,22229,20177],{"class":79},[61,22231,83],{"class":75},[61,22233,639],{"class":503},[61,22235,5292],{"class":507},[61,22237,630],{"class":503},[61,22239,192],{"class":75},[61,22241,13788],{"class":79},[61,22243,94],{"class":75},[20,22245,21171],{},[47,22247,345],{"id":344},[20,22249,22250,22252,22253,22255],{},[15,22251,17357],{}," returns a ",[15,22254,22187],{}," view object.",[20,22257,2392],{},[29,22259,22260,22263,22266],{},[32,22261,22262],{},"You can loop over it",[32,22264,22265],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[32,22267,22268],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22270,368],{},[52,22272,22274],{"className":54,"code":22273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22275,22276,22308,22322,22326,22340,22344,22363,22367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22277,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22279,9449],{"class":67},[61,22281,72],{"class":71},[61,22283,76],{"class":75},[61,22285,504],{"class":503},[61,22287,2458],{"class":507},[61,22289,504],{"class":503},[61,22291,192],{"class":75},[61,22293,1720],{"class":79},[61,22295,83],{"class":75},[61,22297,515],{"class":503},[61,22299,12025],{"class":507},[61,22301,504],{"class":503},[61,22303,192],{"class":75},[61,22305,86],{"class":79},[61,22307,94],{"class":75},[61,22309,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22311,9499],{"class":67},[61,22313,72],{"class":71},[61,22315,14847],{"class":67},[61,22317,140],{"class":75},[61,22319,8092],{"class":143},[61,22321,8926],{"class":75},[61,22323,22324],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22325,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22327,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,22329,160],{"class":159},[61,22331,147],{"class":75},[61,22333,8377],{"class":2071},[61,22335,147],{"class":75},[61,22337,9545],{"class":143},[61,22339,1761],{"class":75},[61,22341,22342],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,22343,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22345,22346,22348,22350,22352,22355,22357,22359,22361],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,22347,9488],{"class":67},[61,22349,4182],{"class":75},[61,22351,504],{"class":503},[61,22353,22354],{"class":507},"z",[61,22356,504],{"class":503},[61,22358,13554],{"class":75},[61,22360,13557],{"class":71},[61,22362,2858],{"class":79},[61,22364,22365],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,22366,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22368,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,22370,160],{"class":159},[61,22372,147],{"class":75},[61,22374,8377],{"class":2071},[61,22376,147],{"class":75},[61,22378,9545],{"class":143},[61,22380,1761],{"class":75},[20,22382,22383],{},[39,22384,1598],{},[52,22386,22388],{"className":54,"code":22387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22389,22390,22420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22391,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22393,22019],{"class":75},[61,22395,630],{"class":503},[61,22397,2458],{"class":507},[61,22399,630],{"class":503},[61,22401,83],{"class":75},[61,22403,1720],{"class":79},[61,22405,9517],{"class":75},[61,22407,1058],{"class":75},[61,22409,630],{"class":503},[61,22411,12025],{"class":507},[61,22413,630],{"class":503},[61,22415,83],{"class":75},[61,22417,86],{"class":79},[61,22419,9532],{"class":75},[61,22421,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22423,22019],{"class":75},[61,22425,630],{"class":503},[61,22427,2458],{"class":507},[61,22429,630],{"class":503},[61,22431,83],{"class":75},[61,22433,1720],{"class":79},[61,22435,9517],{"class":75},[61,22437,1058],{"class":75},[61,22439,630],{"class":503},[61,22441,12025],{"class":507},[61,22443,630],{"class":503},[61,22445,83],{"class":75},[61,22447,86],{"class":79},[61,22449,9517],{"class":75},[61,22451,1058],{"class":75},[61,22453,630],{"class":503},[61,22455,22354],{"class":507},[61,22457,630],{"class":503},[61,22459,83],{"class":75},[61,22461,91],{"class":79},[61,22463,9532],{"class":75},[20,22465,1283,22466,22468],{},[15,22467,9545],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[47,22470,22472,22473],{"id":22471},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22474,17357],{},[20,22476,22477,22478,192],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22479,17357],{},[52,22481,22483],{"className":54,"code":22482,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22484,22485,22538,22542,22562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22486,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22488,13144],{"class":67},[61,22490,72],{"class":71},[61,22492,76],{"class":75},[61,22494,504],{"class":503},[61,22496,7949],{"class":507},[61,22498,504],{"class":503},[61,22500,192],{"class":75},[61,22502,515],{"class":503},[61,22504,8204],{"class":507},[61,22506,504],{"class":503},[61,22508,83],{"class":75},[61,22510,515],{"class":503},[61,22512,20170],{"class":507},[61,22514,504],{"class":503},[61,22516,192],{"class":75},[61,22518,515],{"class":503},[61,22520,22521],{"class":507},"A",[61,22523,504],{"class":503},[61,22525,83],{"class":75},[61,22527,515],{"class":503},[61,22529,9581],{"class":507},[61,22531,504],{"class":503},[61,22533,192],{"class":75},[61,22535,14138],{"class":79},[61,22537,94],{"class":75},[61,22539,22540],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22541,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22543,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22545,6238],{"class":4158},[61,22547,21858],{"class":67},[61,22549,83],{"class":75},[61,22551,21863],{"class":67},[61,22553,4165],{"class":4158},[61,22555,13187],{"class":67},[61,22557,140],{"class":75},[61,22559,8092],{"class":143},[61,22561,21874],{"class":75},[61,22563,22564,22566,22568,22571,22573,22575,22577,22580,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,22565,8352],{"class":159},[61,22567,147],{"class":75},[61,22569,22570],{"class":2350},"f",[61,22572,504],{"class":507},[61,22574,627],{"class":79},[61,22576,15122],{"class":143},[61,22578,22579],{"class":79},"}",[61,22581,22582],{"class":507},": ",[61,22584,627],{"class":79},[61,22586,2755],{"class":143},[61,22588,22579],{"class":79},[61,22590,504],{"class":507},[61,22592,153],{"class":75},[20,22594,22595],{},[39,22596,1598],{},[52,22598,22600],{"className":54,"code":22599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22601,22602,22611,22620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22603,22604,22606,22608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22605,7949],{"class":67},[61,22607,192],{"class":75},[61,22609,22610],{"class":67}," Mia\n",[61,22612,22613,22615,22617],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22614,20170],{"class":67},[61,22616,192],{"class":75},[61,22618,22619],{"class":67}," A\n",[61,22621,22622,22624,22626],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22623,9581],{"class":67},[61,22625,192],{"class":75},[61,22627,22628],{"class":79}," 14\n",[20,22630,22631],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[52,22633,22635],{"className":54,"code":22634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22636,22637,22689,22693,22705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22638,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22640,13144],{"class":67},[61,22642,72],{"class":71},[61,22644,76],{"class":75},[61,22646,504],{"class":503},[61,22648,7949],{"class":507},[61,22650,504],{"class":503},[61,22652,192],{"class":75},[61,22654,515],{"class":503},[61,22656,8204],{"class":507},[61,22658,504],{"class":503},[61,22660,83],{"class":75},[61,22662,515],{"class":503},[61,22664,20170],{"class":507},[61,22666,504],{"class":503},[61,22668,192],{"class":75},[61,22670,515],{"class":503},[61,22672,22521],{"class":507},[61,22674,504],{"class":503},[61,22676,83],{"class":75},[61,22678,515],{"class":503},[61,22680,9581],{"class":507},[61,22682,504],{"class":503},[61,22684,192],{"class":75},[61,22686,14138],{"class":79},[61,22688,94],{"class":75},[61,22690,22691],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22692,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22694,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22696,6238],{"class":4158},[61,22698,18488],{"class":67},[61,22700,4165],{"class":4158},[61,22702,13187],{"class":67},[61,22704,6673],{"class":75},[61,22706,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,22708,8352],{"class":159},[61,22710,147],{"class":75},[61,22712,22570],{"class":2350},[61,22714,504],{"class":507},[61,22716,627],{"class":79},[61,22718,15122],{"class":143},[61,22720,22579],{"class":79},[61,22722,22582],{"class":507},[61,22724,627],{"class":79},[61,22726,13907],{"class":143},[61,22728,4182],{"class":75},[61,22730,15122],{"class":143},[61,22732,13554],{"class":75},[61,22734,22579],{"class":79},[61,22736,504],{"class":507},[61,22738,153],{"class":75},[20,22740,6789,22741,22744],{},[15,22742,22743],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22746,22747,22748,140],{},"For a full guide, see ",[214,22749,22751],{"href":22750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[47,22753,22755],{"id":22754},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22757,22758],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[52,22760,22762],{"className":54,"code":22761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22763,22764,22822,22826,22846,22850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22765,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22818,22820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22767,13356],{"class":67},[61,22769,72],{"class":71},[61,22771,76],{"class":75},[61,22773,504],{"class":503},[61,22775,508],{"class":507},[61,22777,504],{"class":503},[61,22779,192],{"class":75},[61,22781,515],{"class":503},[61,22783,13373],{"class":507},[61,22785,504],{"class":503},[61,22787,83],{"class":75},[61,22789,515],{"class":503},[61,22791,518],{"class":507},[61,22793,504],{"class":503},[61,22795,192],{"class":75},[61,22797,515],{"class":503},[61,22799,22800],{"class":507},"yellow",[61,22802,504],{"class":503},[61,22804,83],{"class":75},[61,22806,515],{"class":503},[61,22808,553],{"class":507},[61,22810,504],{"class":503},[61,22812,192],{"class":75},[61,22814,515],{"class":503},[61,22816,22817],{"class":507},"purple",[61,22819,504],{"class":503},[61,22821,94],{"class":75},[61,22823,22824],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22825,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22827,22828,22831,22833,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,22829,22830],{"class":67},"pairs_list ",[61,22832,72],{"class":71},[61,22834,22835],{"class":2071}," list",[61,22837,147],{"class":75},[61,22839,17782],{"class":143},[61,22841,140],{"class":75},[61,22843,8092],{"class":143},[61,22845,7474],{"class":75},[61,22847,22848],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,22849,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,22851,22852,22854,22856,22859],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,22853,160],{"class":159},[61,22855,147],{"class":75},[61,22857,22858],{"class":143},"pairs_list",[61,22860,153],{"class":75},[20,22862,22863],{},[39,22864,1598],{},[52,22866,22868],{"className":54,"code":22867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22869,22870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22873,22019],{"class":75},[61,22875,630],{"class":503},[61,22877,508],{"class":507},[61,22879,630],{"class":503},[61,22881,83],{"class":75},[61,22883,639],{"class":503},[61,22885,13373],{"class":507},[61,22887,630],{"class":503},[61,22889,9517],{"class":75},[61,22891,1058],{"class":75},[61,22893,630],{"class":503},[61,22895,518],{"class":507},[61,22897,630],{"class":503},[61,22899,83],{"class":75},[61,22901,639],{"class":503},[61,22903,22800],{"class":507},[61,22905,630],{"class":503},[61,22907,9517],{"class":75},[61,22909,1058],{"class":75},[61,22911,630],{"class":503},[61,22913,553],{"class":507},[61,22915,630],{"class":503},[61,22917,83],{"class":75},[61,22919,639],{"class":503},[61,22921,22817],{"class":507},[61,22923,630],{"class":503},[61,22925,9532],{"class":75},[20,22927,22928],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22930,22931],{},"Use this when:",[29,22933,22934,22937,22940],{},[32,22935,22936],{},"You want clearer printed output",[32,22938,22939],{},"You need list behavior",[32,22941,22942],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[47,22944,22946,1310,22948,1310,22950],{"id":22945},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22947,17357],{},[15,22949,17345],{},[15,22951,17351],{},[20,22953,22954],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[29,22956,22957,22962,22967],{},[32,22958,22959,22961],{},[15,22960,17357],{}," gives both key and value",[32,22963,22964,22966],{},[15,22965,17345],{}," gives only keys",[32,22968,22969,22971],{},[15,22970,17351],{}," gives only values",[20,22973,368],{},[52,22975,22977],{"className":54,"code":22976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22978,22979,23015,23019,23037,23055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22980,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22982,13485],{"class":67},[61,22984,72],{"class":71},[61,22986,76],{"class":75},[61,22988,504],{"class":503},[61,22990,7949],{"class":507},[61,22992,504],{"class":503},[61,22994,192],{"class":75},[61,22996,515],{"class":503},[61,22998,13161],{"class":507},[61,23000,504],{"class":503},[61,23002,83],{"class":75},[61,23004,515],{"class":503},[61,23006,9581],{"class":507},[61,23008,504],{"class":503},[61,23010,192],{"class":75},[61,23012,9588],{"class":79},[61,23014,94],{"class":75},[61,23016,23017],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23018,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23020,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23022,160],{"class":159},[61,23024,147],{"class":75},[61,23026,8377],{"class":2071},[61,23028,147],{"class":75},[61,23030,17586],{"class":143},[61,23032,140],{"class":75},[61,23034,17203],{"class":143},[61,23036,6569],{"class":75},[61,23038,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23040,160],{"class":159},[61,23042,147],{"class":75},[61,23044,8377],{"class":2071},[61,23046,147],{"class":75},[61,23048,17586],{"class":143},[61,23050,140],{"class":75},[61,23052,5638],{"class":143},[61,23054,6569],{"class":75},[61,23056,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,23058,160],{"class":159},[61,23060,147],{"class":75},[61,23062,8377],{"class":2071},[61,23064,147],{"class":75},[61,23066,17586],{"class":143},[61,23068,140],{"class":75},[61,23070,8092],{"class":143},[61,23072,6569],{"class":75},[20,23074,23075],{},[39,23076,1598],{},[52,23078,23080],{"className":54,"code":23079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23081,23082,23102,23118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23083,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23085,4182],{"class":75},[61,23087,630],{"class":503},[61,23089,7949],{"class":507},[61,23091,630],{"class":503},[61,23093,83],{"class":75},[61,23095,639],{"class":503},[61,23097,9581],{"class":507},[61,23099,630],{"class":503},[61,23101,943],{"class":75},[61,23103,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23105,4182],{"class":75},[61,23107,630],{"class":503},[61,23109,13161],{"class":507},[61,23111,630],{"class":503},[61,23113,83],{"class":75},[61,23115,9588],{"class":79},[61,23117,943],{"class":75},[61,23119,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23121,22019],{"class":75},[61,23123,630],{"class":503},[61,23125,7949],{"class":507},[61,23127,630],{"class":503},[61,23129,83],{"class":75},[61,23131,639],{"class":503},[61,23133,13161],{"class":507},[61,23135,630],{"class":503},[61,23137,9517],{"class":75},[61,23139,1058],{"class":75},[61,23141,630],{"class":503},[61,23143,9581],{"class":507},[61,23145,630],{"class":503},[61,23147,83],{"class":75},[61,23149,9588],{"class":79},[61,23151,9532],{"class":75},[20,23153,23154],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[29,23156,23157,23165,23173],{},[32,23158,23159,23160],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[214,23161,23163],{"href":23162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23164,17345],{},[32,23166,23167,23168],{},"Need just values? Use ",[214,23169,23171],{"href":23170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23172,17351],{},[32,23174,23175,23176],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23177,17357],{},[47,23179,5240,23181],{"id":23180},"when-to-use-items",[15,23182,17357],{},[20,23184,23185,23187],{},[15,23186,17357],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[29,23189,23190,23193,23196,23199,23202],{},[32,23191,23192],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[32,23194,23195],{},"Building formatted output",[32,23197,23198],{},"Looping through settings and values",[32,23200,23201],{},"Showing names with scores",[32,23203,23204],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23206,368],{},[52,23208,23210],{"className":54,"code":23209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23211,23212,23220,23238,23257,23269,23273,23277,23298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23213,23214,23216,23218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23215,14106],{"class":67},[61,23217,72],{"class":71},[61,23219,11772],{"class":75},[61,23221,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23223,11777],{"class":503},[61,23225,12775],{"class":507},[61,23227,504],{"class":503},[61,23229,192],{"class":75},[61,23231,515],{"class":503},[61,23233,12784],{"class":507},[61,23235,504],{"class":503},[61,23237,11793],{"class":75},[61,23239,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23253,23255],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23241,11777],{"class":503},[61,23243,20402],{"class":507},[61,23245,504],{"class":503},[61,23247,192],{"class":75},[61,23249,515],{"class":503},[61,23251,23252],{"class":507},"English",[61,23254,504],{"class":503},[61,23256,11793],{"class":75},[61,23258,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23260,11777],{"class":503},[61,23262,18804],{"class":507},[61,23264,504],{"class":503},[61,23266,192],{"class":75},[61,23268,6702],{"class":4133},[61,23270,23271],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,23272,94],{"class":75},[61,23274,23275],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,23276,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23278,23279,23281,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,23280,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23282,23283],{"class":67}," setting",[61,23285,83],{"class":75},[61,23287,21863],{"class":67},[61,23289,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23291,14150],{"class":67},[61,23293,140],{"class":75},[61,23295,8092],{"class":143},[61,23297,21874],{"class":75},[61,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23313,23315,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,23301,8352],{"class":159},[61,23303,147],{"class":75},[61,23305,22570],{"class":2350},[61,23307,504],{"class":507},[61,23309,627],{"class":79},[61,23311,23312],{"class":143},"setting",[61,23314,22579],{"class":79},[61,23316,23317],{"class":507}," = ",[61,23319,627],{"class":79},[61,23321,2755],{"class":143},[61,23323,22579],{"class":79},[61,23325,504],{"class":507},[61,23327,153],{"class":75},[20,23329,23330],{},[39,23331,1598],{},[52,23333,23335],{"className":54,"code":23334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23336,23337,23347,23357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23338,23339,23342,23344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23340,23341],{"class":67},"theme ",[61,23343,72],{"class":71},[61,23345,23346],{"class":67}," dark\n",[61,23348,23349,23352,23354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23350,23351],{"class":67},"language ",[61,23353,72],{"class":71},[61,23355,23356],{"class":67}," English\n",[61,23358,23359,23362,23364],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23360,23361],{"class":67},"notifications ",[61,23363,72],{"class":71},[61,23365,6702],{"class":4133},[47,23367,3111],{"id":3110},[20,23369,23370,23371,140],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23372,17357],{},[887,23374,23376,23377,23379],{"id":23375},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23378,17357],{}," incorrectly",[20,23381,23382,23383,23385,23386,23389],{},"Each result from ",[15,23384,17357],{}," has ",[39,23387,23388],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23391,6967],{},[52,23393,23394],{"className":54,"code":21809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,23395,23396,23432,23436,23456],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23397,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23399,13485],{"class":67},[61,23401,72],{"class":71},[61,23403,76],{"class":75},[61,23405,504],{"class":503},[61,23407,7949],{"class":507},[61,23409,504],{"class":503},[61,23411,192],{"class":75},[61,23413,515],{"class":503},[61,23415,13161],{"class":507},[61,23417,504],{"class":503},[61,23419,83],{"class":75},[61,23421,515],{"class":503},[61,23423,9581],{"class":507},[61,23425,504],{"class":503},[61,23427,192],{"class":75},[61,23429,9588],{"class":79},[61,23431,94],{"class":75},[61,23433,23434],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23435,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23437,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23439,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23441,21858],{"class":67},[61,23443,83],{"class":75},[61,23445,21863],{"class":67},[61,23447,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23449,13528],{"class":67},[61,23451,140],{"class":75},[61,23453,8092],{"class":143},[61,23455,21874],{"class":75},[61,23457,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23459,8352],{"class":159},[61,23461,147],{"class":75},[61,23463,15122],{"class":143},[61,23465,83],{"class":75},[61,23467,8717],{"class":143},[61,23469,153],{"class":75},[20,23471,23472],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[52,23474,23476],{"className":54,"code":23475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23477,23478,23514,23518,23534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23479,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23481,13485],{"class":67},[61,23483,72],{"class":71},[61,23485,76],{"class":75},[61,23487,504],{"class":503},[61,23489,7949],{"class":507},[61,23491,504],{"class":503},[61,23493,192],{"class":75},[61,23495,515],{"class":503},[61,23497,13161],{"class":507},[61,23499,504],{"class":503},[61,23501,83],{"class":75},[61,23503,515],{"class":503},[61,23505,9581],{"class":507},[61,23507,504],{"class":503},[61,23509,192],{"class":75},[61,23511,9588],{"class":79},[61,23513,94],{"class":75},[61,23515,23516],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23517,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23521,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23523,18488],{"class":67},[61,23525,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23527,13528],{"class":67},[61,23529,140],{"class":75},[61,23531,8092],{"class":143},[61,23533,21874],{"class":75},[61,23535,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23537,8352],{"class":159},[61,23539,147],{"class":75},[61,23541,15122],{"class":143},[61,23543,153],{"class":75},[20,23545,23546,23547,23549,23550,23553],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23548,15122],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23551,23552],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23555,23556],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[52,23558,23560],{"className":54,"code":23559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23561,23562,23578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23565,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23567,6241],{"class":67},[61,23569,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23571,13528],{"class":67},[61,23573,140],{"class":75},[61,23575,8092],{"class":143},[61,23577,21874],{"class":75},[61,23579,23580,23582,23584,23587],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23581,8352],{"class":159},[61,23583,147],{"class":75},[61,23585,23586],{"class":143},"item",[61,23588,153],{"class":75},[20,23590,23591],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[52,23593,23595],{"className":54,"code":23594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23596,23597,23617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23598,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23600,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23602,21858],{"class":67},[61,23604,83],{"class":75},[61,23606,21863],{"class":67},[61,23608,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23610,13528],{"class":67},[61,23612,140],{"class":75},[61,23614,8092],{"class":143},[61,23616,21874],{"class":75},[61,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23620,8352],{"class":159},[61,23622,147],{"class":75},[61,23624,15122],{"class":143},[61,23626,83],{"class":75},[61,23628,8717],{"class":143},[61,23630,153],{"class":75},[887,23632,1524,23634,23636],{"id":23633},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23635,17357],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23638,23639,22252,23641,23643],{},[15,23640,17357],{},[15,23642,22187],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23645,23646],{},"Check it:",[52,23648,23650],{"className":54,"code":23649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23651,23652,23684,23688,23702,23720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23653,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23655,12004],{"class":67},[61,23657,72],{"class":71},[61,23659,76],{"class":75},[61,23661,504],{"class":503},[61,23663,214],{"class":507},[61,23665,504],{"class":503},[61,23667,192],{"class":75},[61,23669,1720],{"class":79},[61,23671,83],{"class":75},[61,23673,515],{"class":503},[61,23675,329],{"class":507},[61,23677,504],{"class":503},[61,23679,192],{"class":75},[61,23681,86],{"class":79},[61,23683,94],{"class":75},[61,23685,23686],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23687,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23689,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23691,160],{"class":159},[61,23693,147],{"class":75},[61,23695,11730],{"class":143},[61,23697,140],{"class":75},[61,23699,8092],{"class":143},[61,23701,7474],{"class":75},[61,23703,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23705,160],{"class":159},[61,23707,147],{"class":75},[61,23709,2072],{"class":2071},[61,23711,147],{"class":75},[61,23713,11730],{"class":143},[61,23715,140],{"class":75},[61,23717,8092],{"class":143},[61,23719,6569],{"class":75},[61,23721,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,23723,160],{"class":159},[61,23725,147],{"class":75},[61,23727,8377],{"class":2071},[61,23729,147],{"class":75},[61,23731,11730],{"class":143},[61,23733,140],{"class":75},[61,23735,8092],{"class":143},[61,23737,6569],{"class":75},[20,23739,23740],{},[39,23741,1598],{},[52,23743,23745],{"className":54,"code":23744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23746,23747,23779,23793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23748,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23750,22187],{"class":143},[61,23752,9939],{"class":75},[61,23754,630],{"class":503},[61,23756,214],{"class":507},[61,23758,630],{"class":503},[61,23760,83],{"class":75},[61,23762,1720],{"class":79},[61,23764,9517],{"class":75},[61,23766,1058],{"class":75},[61,23768,630],{"class":503},[61,23770,329],{"class":507},[61,23772,630],{"class":503},[61,23774,83],{"class":75},[61,23776,86],{"class":79},[61,23778,10959],{"class":75},[61,23780,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23782,3571],{"class":71},[61,23784,3574],{"class":2350},[61,23786,639],{"class":503},[61,23788,22187],{"class":507},[61,23790,630],{"class":503},[61,23792,3583],{"class":71},[61,23794,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23796,22019],{"class":75},[61,23798,630],{"class":503},[61,23800,214],{"class":507},[61,23802,630],{"class":503},[61,23804,83],{"class":75},[61,23806,1720],{"class":79},[61,23808,9517],{"class":75},[61,23810,1058],{"class":75},[61,23812,630],{"class":503},[61,23814,329],{"class":507},[61,23816,630],{"class":503},[61,23818,83],{"class":75},[61,23820,86],{"class":79},[61,23822,9532],{"class":75},[887,23824,23826,23827],{"id":23825},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23828,17357],{},[20,23830,23831],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23833,23834],{},"Problem example:",[52,23836,23838],{"className":54,"code":23837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23839,23840,23884,23888,23908,23920],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23841,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23843,900],{"class":67},[61,23845,72],{"class":71},[61,23847,76],{"class":75},[61,23849,504],{"class":503},[61,23851,214],{"class":507},[61,23853,504],{"class":503},[61,23855,192],{"class":75},[61,23857,1720],{"class":79},[61,23859,83],{"class":75},[61,23861,515],{"class":503},[61,23863,329],{"class":507},[61,23865,504],{"class":503},[61,23867,192],{"class":75},[61,23869,86],{"class":79},[61,23871,83],{"class":75},[61,23873,515],{"class":503},[61,23875,1071],{"class":507},[61,23877,504],{"class":503},[61,23879,192],{"class":75},[61,23881,91],{"class":79},[61,23883,94],{"class":75},[61,23885,23886],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23887,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,23889,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,23891,6238],{"class":4158},[61,23893,21858],{"class":67},[61,23895,83],{"class":75},[61,23897,21863],{"class":67},[61,23899,4165],{"class":4158},[61,23901,956],{"class":67},[61,23903,140],{"class":75},[61,23905,8092],{"class":143},[61,23907,21874],{"class":75},[61,23909,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,23911,6678],{"class":4158},[61,23913,21863],{"class":67},[61,23915,4967],{"class":71},[61,23917,86],{"class":79},[61,23919,6673],{"class":75},[61,23921,23922,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,23923,23924],{"class":67},"        numbers",[61,23926,4182],{"class":75},[61,23928,504],{"class":503},[61,23930,1080],{"class":507},[61,23932,504],{"class":503},[61,23934,13554],{"class":75},[61,23936,13557],{"class":71},[61,23938,23939],{"class":79}," 4\n",[20,23941,23942],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23944,23945],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[52,23947,23949],{"className":54,"code":23948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23950,23951,23995,23999,24024,24036,24054,24058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23952,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23954,900],{"class":67},[61,23956,72],{"class":71},[61,23958,76],{"class":75},[61,23960,504],{"class":503},[61,23962,214],{"class":507},[61,23964,504],{"class":503},[61,23966,192],{"class":75},[61,23968,1720],{"class":79},[61,23970,83],{"class":75},[61,23972,515],{"class":503},[61,23974,329],{"class":507},[61,23976,504],{"class":503},[61,23978,192],{"class":75},[61,23980,86],{"class":79},[61,23982,83],{"class":75},[61,23984,515],{"class":503},[61,23986,1071],{"class":507},[61,23988,504],{"class":503},[61,23990,192],{"class":75},[61,23992,91],{"class":79},[61,23994,94],{"class":75},[61,23996,23997],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23998,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24000,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,24002,6238],{"class":4158},[61,24004,21858],{"class":67},[61,24006,83],{"class":75},[61,24008,21863],{"class":67},[61,24010,4165],{"class":4158},[61,24012,22835],{"class":2071},[61,24014,147],{"class":75},[61,24016,3929],{"class":143},[61,24018,140],{"class":75},[61,24020,8092],{"class":143},[61,24022,24023],{"class":75},"()):\n",[61,24025,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,24027,6678],{"class":4158},[61,24029,21863],{"class":67},[61,24031,4967],{"class":71},[61,24033,86],{"class":79},[61,24035,6673],{"class":75},[61,24037,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,24039,23924],{"class":67},[61,24041,4182],{"class":75},[61,24043,504],{"class":503},[61,24045,1080],{"class":507},[61,24047,504],{"class":503},[61,24049,13554],{"class":75},[61,24051,13557],{"class":71},[61,24053,23939],{"class":79},[61,24055,24056],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,24057,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24059,24060,24062,24064,24066],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,24061,160],{"class":159},[61,24063,147],{"class":75},[61,24065,3929],{"class":143},[61,24067,153],{"class":75},[887,24069,24071],{"id":24070},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24073,24074],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[52,24076,24078],{"className":54,"code":24077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24079,24080,24112,24116,24132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24083,9449],{"class":67},[61,24085,72],{"class":71},[61,24087,76],{"class":75},[61,24089,504],{"class":503},[61,24091,2458],{"class":507},[61,24093,504],{"class":503},[61,24095,192],{"class":75},[61,24097,6285],{"class":79},[61,24099,83],{"class":75},[61,24101,515],{"class":503},[61,24103,12025],{"class":507},[61,24105,504],{"class":503},[61,24107,192],{"class":75},[61,24109,8072],{"class":79},[61,24111,94],{"class":75},[61,24113,24114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24115,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24117,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,24119,6238],{"class":4158},[61,24121,6241],{"class":67},[61,24123,4165],{"class":4158},[61,24125,14847],{"class":67},[61,24127,140],{"class":75},[61,24129,8092],{"class":143},[61,24131,21874],{"class":75},[61,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,24135,8352],{"class":159},[61,24137,147],{"class":75},[61,24139,23586],{"class":143},[61,24141,153],{"class":75},[20,24143,24144],{},[39,24145,1598],{},[52,24147,24149],{"className":54,"code":24148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24150,24151,24167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24152,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24154,147],{"class":75},[61,24156,630],{"class":503},[61,24158,2458],{"class":507},[61,24160,630],{"class":503},[61,24162,83],{"class":75},[61,24164,6285],{"class":79},[61,24166,153],{"class":75},[61,24168,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24170,147],{"class":75},[61,24172,630],{"class":503},[61,24174,12025],{"class":507},[61,24176,630],{"class":503},[61,24178,83],{"class":75},[61,24180,8072],{"class":79},[61,24182,153],{"class":75},[20,24184,24185,24186,24188],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24187,21934],{}," pair.",[47,24190,2109],{"id":2108},[887,24192,24194,24195,5425],{"id":24193},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24196,17357],{},[20,24198,17701,24199,24201],{},[15,24200,22187],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[887,24203,2113,24205,24207],{"id":24204},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24206,17357],{}," return a list?",[20,24209,24210,24211,24214],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24212,24213],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[887,24216,24218,24219,2159],{"id":24217},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24220,17357],{},[20,24222,24223],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[52,24225,24227],{"className":54,"code":24226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24228,24229,24249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24230,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24232,6238],{"class":4158},[61,24234,21858],{"class":67},[61,24236,83],{"class":75},[61,24238,21863],{"class":67},[61,24240,4165],{"class":4158},[61,24242,12046],{"class":67},[61,24244,140],{"class":75},[61,24246,8092],{"class":143},[61,24248,21874],{"class":75},[61,24250,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24252,8352],{"class":159},[61,24254,147],{"class":75},[61,24256,15122],{"class":143},[61,24258,83],{"class":75},[61,24260,8717],{"class":143},[61,24262,153],{"class":75},[887,24264,2113,24266,24268],{"id":24265},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24267,17357],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24270,24271],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[47,24273,2172],{"id":2171},[29,24275,24276,24282,24288,24293,24297],{},[32,24277,24278],{},[214,24279,11017,24280,1516],{"href":23162},[15,24281,17345],{},[32,24283,24284],{},[214,24285,11017,24286,1516],{"href":23170},[15,24287,17351],{},[32,24289,24290],{},[214,24291,24292],{"href":22750},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,24294,24295],{},[214,24296,9439],{"href":13304},[32,24298,24299],{},[214,24300,24301],{"href":22057},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2204,24303,24304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":24306},[24307,24308,24310,24311,24312,24314,24315,24317,24319,24328,24338],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":21917,"depth":97,"text":24309},"What items() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":344,"depth":97,"text":345},{"id":22471,"depth":97,"text":24313},"Looping with items()",{"id":22754,"depth":97,"text":22755},{"id":22945,"depth":97,"text":24316},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23180,"depth":97,"text":24318},"When to use items()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":24320},[24321,24323,24325,24327],{"id":23375,"depth":122,"text":24322},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23633,"depth":122,"text":24324},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23825,"depth":122,"text":24326},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24070,"depth":122,"text":24071},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":24329},[24330,24332,24334,24336],{"id":24193,"depth":122,"text":24331},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24204,"depth":122,"text":24333},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24217,"depth":122,"text":24335},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24265,"depth":122,"text":24337},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21785,"description":24339},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24346,"title":24347,"body":24348,"description":26438,"extension":2249,"meta":26439,"navigation":125,"path":23162,"seo":26440,"stem":26441,"__hash__":26442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24349,"toc":26404},[24350,24355,24361,24364,24375,24382,24384,24467,24471,24518,24523,24528,24533,24535,24551,24553,24652,24656,24713,24716,24718,24721,24814,24818,24881,24884,24900,24905,24907,24909,24924,24926,24937,24939,24982,24985,25028,25031,25033,25040,25043,25060,25062,25155,25159,25200,25212,25216,25219,25307,25311,25331,25334,25361,25368,25373,25377,25388,25390,25494,25498,25524,25527,25594,25599,25602,25625,25630,25634,25639,25645,25650,25652,25707,25711,25738,25745,25751,25754,25779,25785,25811,25814,25889,25896,25901,25903,25942,25960,25964,25967,26010,26013,26015,26034,26036,26041,26066,26069,26139,26142,26215,26219,26221,26282,26285,26301,26303,26308,26313,26320,26329,26335,26341,26348,26354,26358,26363,26365,26401],[10,24351,11599,24353,18],{"id":24352},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24354,17345],{},[20,24356,24357,24358,24360],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24359,17345],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24362,24363],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[29,24365,24366,24369,24372],{},[32,24367,24368],{},"view the available keys",[32,24370,24371],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[32,24373,24374],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24376,24377,24379,24380,140],{},[15,24378,17345],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24381,17294],{},[47,24383,50],{"id":49},[52,24385,24387],{"className":54,"code":24386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24388,24389,24425,24439,24443,24453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24390,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24392,13144],{"class":67},[61,24394,72],{"class":71},[61,24396,76],{"class":75},[61,24398,504],{"class":503},[61,24400,7949],{"class":507},[61,24402,504],{"class":503},[61,24404,192],{"class":75},[61,24406,515],{"class":503},[61,24408,13161],{"class":507},[61,24410,504],{"class":503},[61,24412,83],{"class":75},[61,24414,515],{"class":503},[61,24416,9581],{"class":507},[61,24418,504],{"class":503},[61,24420,192],{"class":75},[61,24422,8072],{"class":79},[61,24424,94],{"class":75},[61,24426,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24428,17521],{"class":67},[61,24430,72],{"class":71},[61,24432,13187],{"class":67},[61,24434,140],{"class":75},[61,24436,17203],{"class":143},[61,24438,8926],{"class":75},[61,24440,24441],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,24442,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,24446,160],{"class":159},[61,24448,147],{"class":75},[61,24450,17203],{"class":143},[61,24452,153],{"class":75},[61,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,24456,160],{"class":159},[61,24458,147],{"class":75},[61,24460,8377],{"class":2071},[61,24462,147],{"class":75},[61,24464,17203],{"class":143},[61,24466,1761],{"class":75},[20,24468,24469],{},[39,24470,1598],{},[52,24472,24474],{"className":54,"code":24473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24475,24476,24498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24479,17294],{"class":143},[61,24481,1878],{"class":75},[61,24483,630],{"class":503},[61,24485,7949],{"class":507},[61,24487,630],{"class":503},[61,24489,83],{"class":75},[61,24491,639],{"class":503},[61,24493,9581],{"class":507},[61,24495,630],{"class":503},[61,24497,1887],{"class":75},[61,24499,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24501,4182],{"class":75},[61,24503,630],{"class":503},[61,24505,7949],{"class":507},[61,24507,630],{"class":503},[61,24509,83],{"class":75},[61,24511,639],{"class":503},[61,24513,9581],{"class":507},[61,24515,630],{"class":503},[61,24517,943],{"class":75},[20,24519,1503,24520,24522],{},[15,24521,17345],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[47,24524,184,24526,187],{"id":24525},"what-keys-does",[15,24527,17345],{},[20,24529,24530,24532],{},[15,24531,17345],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24534,11739],{},[29,24536,24537,24540,24543,24548],{},[32,24538,24539],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[32,24541,24542],{},"It does not need any arguments",[32,24544,17701,24545,24547],{},[15,24546,17294],{}," view object, not a list",[32,24549,24550],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24552,368],{},[52,24554,24556],{"className":54,"code":24555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24557,24558,24594,24598,24612,24616,24638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24559,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24561,13485],{"class":67},[61,24563,72],{"class":71},[61,24565,76],{"class":75},[61,24567,504],{"class":503},[61,24569,7949],{"class":507},[61,24571,504],{"class":503},[61,24573,192],{"class":75},[61,24575,515],{"class":503},[61,24577,13502],{"class":507},[61,24579,504],{"class":503},[61,24581,83],{"class":75},[61,24583,515],{"class":503},[61,24585,9581],{"class":507},[61,24587,504],{"class":503},[61,24589,192],{"class":75},[61,24591,9588],{"class":79},[61,24593,94],{"class":75},[61,24595,24596],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24597,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24599,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,24601,160],{"class":159},[61,24603,147],{"class":75},[61,24605,17586],{"class":143},[61,24607,140],{"class":75},[61,24609,17203],{"class":143},[61,24611,7474],{"class":75},[61,24613,24614],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,24615,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,24619,17586],{"class":67},[61,24621,4182],{"class":75},[61,24623,504],{"class":503},[61,24625,10690],{"class":507},[61,24627,504],{"class":503},[61,24629,13554],{"class":75},[61,24631,13557],{"class":71},[61,24633,515],{"class":503},[61,24635,10697],{"class":507},[61,24637,3639],{"class":503},[61,24639,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,24641,160],{"class":159},[61,24643,147],{"class":75},[61,24645,17586],{"class":143},[61,24647,140],{"class":75},[61,24649,17203],{"class":143},[61,24651,7474],{"class":75},[20,24653,24654],{},[39,24655,1598],{},[52,24657,24659],{"className":54,"code":24658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24660,24661,24683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24662,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24664,17294],{"class":143},[61,24666,1878],{"class":75},[61,24668,630],{"class":503},[61,24670,7949],{"class":507},[61,24672,630],{"class":503},[61,24674,83],{"class":75},[61,24676,639],{"class":503},[61,24678,9581],{"class":507},[61,24680,630],{"class":503},[61,24682,1887],{"class":75},[61,24684,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24686,17294],{"class":143},[61,24688,1878],{"class":75},[61,24690,630],{"class":503},[61,24692,7949],{"class":507},[61,24694,630],{"class":503},[61,24696,83],{"class":75},[61,24698,639],{"class":503},[61,24700,9581],{"class":507},[61,24702,630],{"class":503},[61,24704,83],{"class":75},[61,24706,639],{"class":503},[61,24708,10690],{"class":507},[61,24710,630],{"class":503},[61,24712,1887],{"class":75},[20,24714,24715],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[47,24717,6067],{"id":6066},[20,24719,24720],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[52,24722,24724],{"className":54,"code":24723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24725,24726,24778,24782,24796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24727,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24729,9449],{"class":67},[61,24731,72],{"class":71},[61,24733,76],{"class":75},[61,24735,504],{"class":503},[61,24737,7949],{"class":507},[61,24739,504],{"class":503},[61,24741,192],{"class":75},[61,24743,515],{"class":503},[61,24745,13161],{"class":507},[61,24747,504],{"class":503},[61,24749,83],{"class":75},[61,24751,515],{"class":503},[61,24753,9581],{"class":507},[61,24755,504],{"class":503},[61,24757,192],{"class":75},[61,24759,8072],{"class":79},[61,24761,83],{"class":75},[61,24763,515],{"class":503},[61,24765,20170],{"class":507},[61,24767,504],{"class":503},[61,24769,192],{"class":75},[61,24771,515],{"class":503},[61,24773,22521],{"class":507},[61,24775,504],{"class":503},[61,24777,94],{"class":75},[61,24779,24780],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24781,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,24783,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,24785,160],{"class":159},[61,24787,147],{"class":75},[61,24789,9488],{"class":143},[61,24791,140],{"class":75},[61,24793,17203],{"class":143},[61,24795,7474],{"class":75},[61,24797,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,24799,160],{"class":159},[61,24801,147],{"class":75},[61,24803,8377],{"class":2071},[61,24805,147],{"class":75},[61,24807,9488],{"class":143},[61,24809,140],{"class":75},[61,24811,17203],{"class":143},[61,24813,6569],{"class":75},[20,24815,24816],{},[39,24817,1598],{},[52,24819,24821],{"className":54,"code":24820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24822,24823,24853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24824,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24826,17294],{"class":143},[61,24828,1878],{"class":75},[61,24830,630],{"class":503},[61,24832,7949],{"class":507},[61,24834,630],{"class":503},[61,24836,83],{"class":75},[61,24838,639],{"class":503},[61,24840,9581],{"class":507},[61,24842,630],{"class":503},[61,24844,83],{"class":75},[61,24846,639],{"class":503},[61,24848,20170],{"class":507},[61,24850,630],{"class":503},[61,24852,1887],{"class":75},[61,24854,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24856,4182],{"class":75},[61,24858,630],{"class":503},[61,24860,7949],{"class":507},[61,24862,630],{"class":503},[61,24864,83],{"class":75},[61,24866,639],{"class":503},[61,24868,9581],{"class":507},[61,24870,630],{"class":503},[61,24872,83],{"class":75},[61,24874,639],{"class":503},[61,24876,20170],{"class":507},[61,24878,630],{"class":503},[61,24880,943],{"class":75},[20,24882,24883],{},"This shows two things:",[29,24885,24886,24894],{},[32,24887,24888,22252,24891,24893],{},[15,24889,24890],{},"data.keys()",[15,24892,17294],{}," object",[32,24895,24896,24899],{},[15,24897,24898],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24901,9435,24902,140],{},[214,24903,24904],{"href":9672},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[47,24906,5711],{"id":5710},[20,24908,2444],{},[52,24910,24912],{"className":54,"code":24911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24913,24914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24915,24916,24918,24920,24922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24917,11730],{"class":67},[61,24919,140],{"class":75},[61,24921,17203],{"class":143},[61,24923,8926],{"class":75},[20,24925,22079],{},[29,24927,24928,24931,24934],{},[32,24929,24930],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[32,24932,24933],{},"It takes no parameters",[32,24935,24936],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24938,16935],{},[52,24940,24942],{"className":54,"code":24941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24943,24944,24968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24945,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24947,13144],{"class":67},[61,24949,72],{"class":71},[61,24951,76],{"class":75},[61,24953,504],{"class":503},[61,24955,7949],{"class":507},[61,24957,504],{"class":503},[61,24959,192],{"class":75},[61,24961,515],{"class":503},[61,24963,13161],{"class":507},[61,24965,504],{"class":503},[61,24967,94],{"class":75},[61,24969,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24971,160],{"class":159},[61,24973,147],{"class":75},[61,24975,13907],{"class":143},[61,24977,140],{"class":75},[61,24979,17203],{"class":143},[61,24981,7474],{"class":75},[20,24983,24984],{},"Incorrect:",[52,24986,24988],{"className":54,"code":24987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24989,24990,25014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24991,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24993,13144],{"class":67},[61,24995,72],{"class":71},[61,24997,76],{"class":75},[61,24999,504],{"class":503},[61,25001,7949],{"class":507},[61,25003,504],{"class":503},[61,25005,192],{"class":75},[61,25007,515],{"class":503},[61,25009,13161],{"class":507},[61,25011,504],{"class":503},[61,25013,94],{"class":75},[61,25015,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25017,160],{"class":159},[61,25019,147],{"class":75},[61,25021,13907],{"class":143},[61,25023,140],{"class":75},[61,25025,17203],{"class":2103},[61,25027,153],{"class":75},[20,25029,25030],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[47,25032,17698],{"id":17697},[20,25034,25035,22252,25037,25039],{},[15,25036,17345],{},[15,25038,17294],{}," object.",[20,25041,25042],{},"This object:",[29,25044,25045,25048,25051,25057],{},[32,25046,25047],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[32,25049,25050],{},"can be used in a loop",[32,25052,25053,25054],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25055,25056],{},"list()",[32,25058,25059],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25061,368],{},[52,25063,25065],{"className":54,"code":25064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25066,25067,25108,25112,25127,25131,25141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25068,25069,25072,25074,25076,25078,25081,25083,25085,25087,25090,25092,25094,25096,25099,25101,25103,25106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25070,25071],{"class":67},"car ",[61,25073,72],{"class":71},[61,25075,76],{"class":75},[61,25077,504],{"class":503},[61,25079,25080],{"class":507},"brand",[61,25082,504],{"class":503},[61,25084,192],{"class":75},[61,25086,515],{"class":503},[61,25088,25089],{"class":507},"Toyota",[61,25091,504],{"class":503},[61,25093,83],{"class":75},[61,25095,515],{"class":503},[61,25097,25098],{"class":507},"year",[61,25100,504],{"class":503},[61,25102,192],{"class":75},[61,25104,25105],{"class":79}," 2020",[61,25107,94],{"class":75},[61,25109,25110],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25111,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25113,25114,25116,25118,25121,25123,25125],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25115,132],{"class":67},[61,25117,72],{"class":71},[61,25119,25120],{"class":67}," car",[61,25122,140],{"class":75},[61,25124,17203],{"class":143},[61,25126,8926],{"class":75},[61,25128,25129],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,25130,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25132,25133,25135,25137,25139],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,25134,160],{"class":159},[61,25136,147],{"class":75},[61,25138,165],{"class":143},[61,25140,153],{"class":75},[61,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,25144,160],{"class":159},[61,25146,147],{"class":75},[61,25148,2072],{"class":2071},[61,25150,147],{"class":75},[61,25152,165],{"class":143},[61,25154,1761],{"class":75},[20,25156,25157],{},[39,25158,1598],{},[52,25160,25162],{"className":54,"code":25161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25163,25164,25186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25165,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25167,17294],{"class":143},[61,25169,1878],{"class":75},[61,25171,630],{"class":503},[61,25173,25080],{"class":507},[61,25175,630],{"class":503},[61,25177,83],{"class":75},[61,25179,639],{"class":503},[61,25181,25098],{"class":507},[61,25183,630],{"class":503},[61,25185,1887],{"class":75},[61,25187,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25189,3571],{"class":71},[61,25191,3574],{"class":2350},[61,25193,639],{"class":503},[61,25195,17294],{"class":507},[61,25197,630],{"class":503},[61,25199,3583],{"class":71},[20,25201,25202,25203,25207,25208,140],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[214,25204,11017,25205,1516],{"href":17348},[15,25206,17351],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[214,25209,11017,25210,1516],{"href":17354},[15,25211,17357],{},[47,25213,25215],{"id":25214},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25217,25218],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[52,25220,25222],{"className":54,"code":25221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25223,25224,25277,25281,25297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25225,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25273,25275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25227,13144],{"class":67},[61,25229,72],{"class":71},[61,25231,76],{"class":75},[61,25233,504],{"class":503},[61,25235,7949],{"class":507},[61,25237,504],{"class":503},[61,25239,192],{"class":75},[61,25241,515],{"class":503},[61,25243,13161],{"class":507},[61,25245,504],{"class":503},[61,25247,83],{"class":75},[61,25249,515],{"class":503},[61,25251,9581],{"class":507},[61,25253,504],{"class":503},[61,25255,192],{"class":75},[61,25257,8072],{"class":79},[61,25259,83],{"class":75},[61,25261,515],{"class":503},[61,25263,15609],{"class":507},[61,25265,504],{"class":503},[61,25267,192],{"class":75},[61,25269,515],{"class":503},[61,25271,25272],{"class":507},"Math",[61,25274,504],{"class":503},[61,25276,94],{"class":75},[61,25278,25279],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25280,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25282,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25284,6238],{"class":4158},[61,25286,18488],{"class":67},[61,25288,4165],{"class":4158},[61,25290,13187],{"class":67},[61,25292,140],{"class":75},[61,25294,17203],{"class":143},[61,25296,21874],{"class":75},[61,25298,25299,25301,25303,25305],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,25300,8352],{"class":159},[61,25302,147],{"class":75},[61,25304,15122],{"class":143},[61,25306,153],{"class":75},[20,25308,25309],{},[39,25310,1598],{},[52,25312,25314],{"className":54,"code":25313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25315,25316,25321,25326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25317,25318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25319,25320],{"class":67},"name\n",[61,25322,25323],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25324,25325],{"class":67},"age\n",[61,25327,25328],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25329,25330],{"class":67},"course\n",[20,25332,25333],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[52,25335,25337],{"className":54,"code":25336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25338,25339,25351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25340,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25342,6238],{"class":4158},[61,25344,18488],{"class":67},[61,25346,4165],{"class":4158},[61,25348,13187],{"class":67},[61,25350,6673],{"class":75},[61,25352,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25354,8352],{"class":159},[61,25356,147],{"class":75},[61,25358,15122],{"class":143},[61,25360,153],{"class":75},[20,25362,25363,25364,25367],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25365,25366],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[47,25369,5240,25371],{"id":25370},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25372,17345],{},[20,25374,1503,25375,10881],{},[15,25376,17345],{},[29,25378,25379,25382,25385],{},[32,25380,25381],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[32,25383,25384],{},"you want to display available fields",[32,25386,25387],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25389,368],{},[52,25391,25393],{"className":54,"code":25392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25394,25395,25448,25452,25467,25484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25396,25397,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25417,25419,25421,25423,25426,25428,25430,25433,25435,25437,25440,25442,25444,25446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25398,25399],{"class":67},"product ",[61,25401,72],{"class":71},[61,25403,76],{"class":75},[61,25405,504],{"class":503},[61,25407,7949],{"class":507},[61,25409,504],{"class":503},[61,25411,192],{"class":75},[61,25413,515],{"class":503},[61,25415,25416],{"class":507},"Book",[61,25418,504],{"class":503},[61,25420,83],{"class":75},[61,25422,515],{"class":503},[61,25424,25425],{"class":507},"price",[61,25427,504],{"class":503},[61,25429,192],{"class":75},[61,25431,25432],{"class":79}," 12.99",[61,25434,83],{"class":75},[61,25436,515],{"class":503},[61,25438,25439],{"class":507},"stock",[61,25441,504],{"class":503},[61,25443,192],{"class":75},[61,25445,117],{"class":79},[61,25447,94],{"class":75},[61,25449,25450],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25451,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25453,25454,25456,25458,25460,25463,25465],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25455,160],{"class":159},[61,25457,147],{"class":75},[61,25459,504],{"class":503},[61,25461,25462],{"class":507},"Available fields:",[61,25464,504],{"class":503},[61,25466,153],{"class":75},[61,25468,25469,25471,25473,25475,25478,25480,25482],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,25470,6238],{"class":4158},[61,25472,18488],{"class":67},[61,25474,4165],{"class":4158},[61,25476,25477],{"class":67}," product",[61,25479,140],{"class":75},[61,25481,17203],{"class":143},[61,25483,21874],{"class":75},[61,25485,25486,25488,25490,25492],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,25487,8352],{"class":159},[61,25489,147],{"class":75},[61,25491,15122],{"class":143},[61,25493,153],{"class":75},[20,25495,25496],{},[39,25497,1598],{},[52,25499,25501],{"className":54,"code":25500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25502,25503,25510,25514,25519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25504,25505,25508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25506,25507],{"class":67},"Available fields",[61,25509,6673],{"class":75},[61,25511,25512],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25513,25320],{"class":67},[61,25515,25516],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25517,25518],{"class":67},"price\n",[61,25520,25521],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,25522,25523],{"class":67},"stock\n",[20,25525,25526],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[52,25528,25530],{"className":54,"code":25529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25531,25532,25568,25572],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25533,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25535,25399],{"class":67},[61,25537,72],{"class":71},[61,25539,76],{"class":75},[61,25541,504],{"class":503},[61,25543,7949],{"class":507},[61,25545,504],{"class":503},[61,25547,192],{"class":75},[61,25549,515],{"class":503},[61,25551,25416],{"class":507},[61,25553,504],{"class":503},[61,25555,83],{"class":75},[61,25557,515],{"class":503},[61,25559,25425],{"class":507},[61,25561,504],{"class":503},[61,25563,192],{"class":75},[61,25565,25432],{"class":79},[61,25567,94],{"class":75},[61,25569,25570],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25571,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25573,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25575,160],{"class":159},[61,25577,147],{"class":75},[61,25579,504],{"class":503},[61,25581,7949],{"class":507},[61,25583,504],{"class":503},[61,25585,21452],{"class":4158},[61,25587,25477],{"class":143},[61,25589,140],{"class":75},[61,25591,17203],{"class":143},[61,25593,7474],{"class":75},[20,25595,25596,25597,140],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25598,3885],{},[20,25600,25601],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[52,25603,25605],{"className":54,"code":25604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25606,25607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25608,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621,25623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25610,160],{"class":159},[61,25612,147],{"class":75},[61,25614,504],{"class":503},[61,25616,7949],{"class":507},[61,25618,504],{"class":503},[61,25620,21452],{"class":4158},[61,25622,25477],{"class":143},[61,25624,153],{"class":75},[20,25626,25627,25628,140],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[214,25629,21485],{"href":17432},[47,25631,25633],{"id":25632},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25635,25636,25637,140],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25638,17345],{},[887,25640,1524,25642,25644],{"id":25641},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25643,17345],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25646,25647,25649],{},[15,25648,17345],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25651,368],{},[52,25653,25655],{"className":54,"code":25654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25656,25657,25693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25658,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25660,9449],{"class":67},[61,25662,72],{"class":71},[61,25664,76],{"class":75},[61,25666,504],{"class":503},[61,25668,7949],{"class":507},[61,25670,504],{"class":503},[61,25672,192],{"class":75},[61,25674,515],{"class":503},[61,25676,13161],{"class":507},[61,25678,504],{"class":503},[61,25680,83],{"class":75},[61,25682,515],{"class":503},[61,25684,9581],{"class":507},[61,25686,504],{"class":503},[61,25688,192],{"class":75},[61,25690,8072],{"class":79},[61,25692,94],{"class":75},[61,25694,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25696,160],{"class":159},[61,25698,147],{"class":75},[61,25700,9488],{"class":143},[61,25702,140],{"class":75},[61,25704,17203],{"class":143},[61,25706,7474],{"class":75},[20,25708,25709],{},[39,25710,1598],{},[52,25712,25714],{"className":54,"code":25713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25715,25716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25717,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25719,17294],{"class":143},[61,25721,1878],{"class":75},[61,25723,630],{"class":503},[61,25725,7949],{"class":507},[61,25727,630],{"class":503},[61,25729,83],{"class":75},[61,25731,639],{"class":503},[61,25733,9581],{"class":507},[61,25735,630],{"class":503},[61,25737,1887],{"class":75},[20,25739,25740,25741,140],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[214,25742,25743],{"href":17354},[15,25744,17357],{},[887,25746,25748,25749],{"id":25747},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25750,17294],{},[20,25752,25753],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[52,25755,25757],{"className":54,"code":25756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25758,25759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25760,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25762,4182],{"class":75},[61,25764,630],{"class":503},[61,25766,7949],{"class":507},[61,25768,630],{"class":503},[61,25770,83],{"class":75},[61,25772,639],{"class":503},[61,25774,9581],{"class":507},[61,25776,630],{"class":503},[61,25778,943],{"class":75},[20,25780,25781,25782,25784],{},"But ",[15,25783,17345],{}," returns:",[52,25786,25787],{"className":54,"code":25713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,25788,25789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25790,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25792,17294],{"class":143},[61,25794,1878],{"class":75},[61,25796,630],{"class":503},[61,25798,7949],{"class":507},[61,25800,630],{"class":503},[61,25802,83],{"class":75},[61,25804,639],{"class":503},[61,25806,9581],{"class":507},[61,25808,630],{"class":503},[61,25810,1887],{"class":75},[20,25812,25813],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[52,25815,25817],{"className":54,"code":25816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25818,25819,25855,25874,25878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25820,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25822,9449],{"class":67},[61,25824,72],{"class":71},[61,25826,76],{"class":75},[61,25828,504],{"class":503},[61,25830,7949],{"class":507},[61,25832,504],{"class":503},[61,25834,192],{"class":75},[61,25836,515],{"class":503},[61,25838,13161],{"class":507},[61,25840,504],{"class":503},[61,25842,83],{"class":75},[61,25844,515],{"class":503},[61,25846,9581],{"class":507},[61,25848,504],{"class":503},[61,25850,192],{"class":75},[61,25852,8072],{"class":79},[61,25854,94],{"class":75},[61,25856,25857,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25858,25859],{"class":67},"key_list ",[61,25861,72],{"class":71},[61,25863,22835],{"class":2071},[61,25865,147],{"class":75},[61,25867,9488],{"class":143},[61,25869,140],{"class":75},[61,25871,17203],{"class":143},[61,25873,7474],{"class":75},[61,25875,25876],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,25877,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,25879,25880,25882,25884,25887],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,25881,160],{"class":159},[61,25883,147],{"class":75},[61,25885,25886],{"class":143},"key_list",[61,25888,153],{"class":75},[887,25890,25892,25893,25895],{"id":25891},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25894,17345],{}," on a list or string",[20,25897,25898,25900],{},[15,25899,17345],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25902,1904],{},[52,25904,25906],{"className":54,"code":25905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25907,25908,25928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25909,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25911,900],{"class":67},[61,25913,72],{"class":71},[61,25915,926],{"class":75},[61,25917,80],{"class":79},[61,25919,83],{"class":75},[61,25921,86],{"class":79},[61,25923,83],{"class":75},[61,25925,91],{"class":79},[61,25927,943],{"class":75},[61,25929,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25931,160],{"class":159},[61,25933,147],{"class":75},[61,25935,3929],{"class":143},[61,25937,140],{"class":75},[61,25939,17203],{"class":143},[61,25941,7474],{"class":75},[20,25943,25944,25945,25948,25949,25951,25952,140],{},"You may get an ",[15,25946,25947],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25950,17345],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[214,25953,25955,25956,25959],{"href":25954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25957,25958],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[887,25961,25963],{"id":25962},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25965,25966],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[52,25968,25970],{"className":54,"code":25969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25971,25972,25996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25975,9449],{"class":67},[61,25977,72],{"class":71},[61,25979,76],{"class":75},[61,25981,504],{"class":503},[61,25983,7949],{"class":507},[61,25985,504],{"class":503},[61,25987,192],{"class":75},[61,25989,515],{"class":503},[61,25991,13161],{"class":507},[61,25993,504],{"class":503},[61,25995,94],{"class":75},[61,25997,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25999,160],{"class":159},[61,26001,147],{"class":75},[61,26003,9488],{"class":143},[61,26005,140],{"class":75},[61,26007,17203],{"class":2103},[61,26009,153],{"class":75},[20,26011,26012],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26014,18974],{},[52,26016,26018],{"className":54,"code":26017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26019,26020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26021,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26023,160],{"class":159},[61,26025,147],{"class":75},[61,26027,9488],{"class":143},[61,26029,140],{"class":75},[61,26031,17203],{"class":143},[61,26033,7474],{"class":75},[47,26035,3111],{"id":3110},[20,26037,26038,26039,192],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26040,17345],{},[29,26042,26043,26048,26054,26060],{},[32,26044,716,26045,26047],{},[15,26046,17345],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[32,26049,26050,26051,26053],{},"Thinking ",[15,26052,17345],{}," returns values too",[32,26055,26056,26057,26059],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26058,17294],{}," like a normal list",[32,26061,26062,26063,26065],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26064,17294],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26067,26068],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[52,26070,26072],{"className":54,"code":26071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26073,26074,26106,26120,26124,26134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26075,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26077,9449],{"class":67},[61,26079,72],{"class":71},[61,26081,76],{"class":75},[61,26083,504],{"class":503},[61,26085,214],{"class":507},[61,26087,504],{"class":503},[61,26089,192],{"class":75},[61,26091,1720],{"class":79},[61,26093,83],{"class":75},[61,26095,515],{"class":503},[61,26097,329],{"class":507},[61,26099,504],{"class":503},[61,26101,192],{"class":75},[61,26103,86],{"class":79},[61,26105,94],{"class":75},[61,26107,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26109,17521],{"class":67},[61,26111,72],{"class":71},[61,26113,14847],{"class":67},[61,26115,140],{"class":75},[61,26117,17203],{"class":143},[61,26119,8926],{"class":75},[61,26121,26122],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26123,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26125,26126,26128,26130,26132],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26127,160],{"class":159},[61,26129,147],{"class":75},[61,26131,17203],{"class":143},[61,26133,153],{"class":75},[61,26135,26136],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,26137,26138],{"class":173},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26140,26141],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[52,26143,26145],{"className":54,"code":26144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26146,26147,26179,26197,26201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26148,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26150,9449],{"class":67},[61,26152,72],{"class":71},[61,26154,76],{"class":75},[61,26156,504],{"class":503},[61,26158,214],{"class":507},[61,26160,504],{"class":503},[61,26162,192],{"class":75},[61,26164,1720],{"class":79},[61,26166,83],{"class":75},[61,26168,515],{"class":503},[61,26170,329],{"class":507},[61,26172,504],{"class":503},[61,26174,192],{"class":75},[61,26176,86],{"class":79},[61,26178,94],{"class":75},[61,26180,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26182,17521],{"class":67},[61,26184,72],{"class":71},[61,26186,22835],{"class":2071},[61,26188,147],{"class":75},[61,26190,9488],{"class":143},[61,26192,140],{"class":75},[61,26194,17203],{"class":143},[61,26196,7474],{"class":75},[61,26198,26199],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26200,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26202,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26204,160],{"class":159},[61,26206,147],{"class":75},[61,26208,17203],{"class":143},[61,26210,4182],{"class":75},[61,26212,2405],{"class":79},[61,26214,1887],{"class":75},[47,26216,26218],{"id":26217},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26220,11393],{},[52,26222,26224],{"className":54,"code":26223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26225,26226,26240,26250,26264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26227,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26229,160],{"class":159},[61,26231,147],{"class":75},[61,26233,2072],{"class":2071},[61,26235,147],{"class":75},[61,26237,11730],{"class":143},[61,26239,1761],{"class":75},[61,26241,26242,26244,26246,26248],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26243,160],{"class":159},[61,26245,147],{"class":75},[61,26247,11730],{"class":143},[61,26249,153],{"class":75},[61,26251,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26253,160],{"class":159},[61,26255,147],{"class":75},[61,26257,11730],{"class":143},[61,26259,140],{"class":75},[61,26261,17203],{"class":143},[61,26263,7474],{"class":75},[61,26265,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26267,160],{"class":159},[61,26269,147],{"class":75},[61,26271,8377],{"class":2071},[61,26273,147],{"class":75},[61,26275,11730],{"class":143},[61,26277,140],{"class":75},[61,26279,17203],{"class":143},[61,26281,6569],{"class":75},[20,26283,26284],{},"These help you confirm:",[29,26286,26287,26290,26293,26298],{},[32,26288,26289],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[32,26291,26292],{},"what data it contains",[32,26294,26295,26296,11985],{},"what ",[15,26297,17345],{},[32,26299,26300],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[47,26302,2109],{"id":2108},[887,26304,24194,26306,5425],{"id":26305},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26307,17345],{},[20,26309,17701,26310,26312],{},[15,26311,17294],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[887,26314,15184,26316,26319],{"id":26315},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26317,26318],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26321,26322,26323,26325,26326,140],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26324,17294],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26327,26328],{},"list(dict.keys())",[887,26330,26332,26333,2159],{"id":26331},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26334,26318],{},[20,26336,26337,26338,26340],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26339,6238],{}," loop.",[887,26342,26344,26345,26347],{"id":26343},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26346,17345],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26349,26350,26351,26353],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26352,17345],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[887,26355,26357],{"id":26356},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26359,1503,26360,140],{},[15,26361,26362],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[47,26364,2172],{"id":2171},[29,26366,26367,26372,26378,26384,26390,26394],{},[32,26368,26369],{},[214,26370,26371],{"href":9672},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[32,26373,26374],{},[214,26375,11017,26376,1516],{"href":17348},[15,26377,17351],{},[32,26379,26380],{},[214,26381,11017,26382,1516],{"href":17354},[15,26383,17357],{},[32,26385,26386],{},[214,26387,26389],{"href":26388},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[32,26391,26392],{},[214,26393,17433],{"href":17432},[32,26395,26396],{},[214,26397,26398,26399,25959],{"href":25954},"How to fix ",[15,26400,25958],{},[2204,26402,26403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":26405},[26406,26407,26409,26410,26411,26412,26413,26415,26424,26425,26426,26437],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":24525,"depth":97,"text":26408},"What keys() does",{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":25214,"depth":97,"text":25215},{"id":25370,"depth":97,"text":26414},"When to use keys()",{"id":25632,"depth":97,"text":25633,"children":26416},[26417,26419,26421,26423],{"id":25641,"depth":122,"text":26418},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25747,"depth":122,"text":26420},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25891,"depth":122,"text":26422},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25962,"depth":122,"text":25963},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":26217,"depth":97,"text":26218},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":26427},[26428,26430,26432,26434,26436],{"id":26305,"depth":122,"text":26429},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26315,"depth":122,"text":26431},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26331,"depth":122,"text":26433},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26343,"depth":122,"text":26435},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26356,"depth":122,"text":26357},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24347,"description":26438},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26444,"title":26445,"body":26446,"description":28718,"extension":2249,"meta":28719,"navigation":125,"path":28720,"seo":28721,"stem":28722,"__hash__":28723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26447,"toc":28671},[26448,26453,26458,26461,26463,26609,26622,26627,26631,26645,26647,26750,26759,26761,26764,26802,26827,26829,26936,26938,26945,26948,26956,26958,27099,27107,27112,27116,27127,27129,27291,27294,27302,27309,27315,27412,27418,27495,27498,27510,27515,27521,27524,27528,27617,27620,27624,27728,27735,27822,27831,27833,27838,27844,27847,27893,27896,27962,27971,27977,28070,28076,28082,28125,28128,28193,28199,28291,28294,28298,28304,28329,28332,28428,28435,28437,28442,28533,28535,28563,28568,28570,28577,28580,28584,28594,28599,28602,28608,28618,28625,28633,28635,28668],[10,26449,11599,26451,18],{"id":26450},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26452,13043],{},[20,26454,26455,26457],{},[15,26456,12850],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26459,26460],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[47,26462,3890],{"id":3889},[52,26464,26466],{"className":54,"code":26465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26467,26468,26504,26528,26542,26555,26559,26564,26596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26469,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26471,13485],{"class":67},[61,26473,72],{"class":71},[61,26475,76],{"class":75},[61,26477,504],{"class":503},[61,26479,7949],{"class":507},[61,26481,504],{"class":503},[61,26483,192],{"class":75},[61,26485,515],{"class":503},[61,26487,13161],{"class":507},[61,26489,504],{"class":503},[61,26491,83],{"class":75},[61,26493,515],{"class":503},[61,26495,9581],{"class":507},[61,26497,504],{"class":503},[61,26499,192],{"class":75},[61,26501,9588],{"class":79},[61,26503,94],{"class":75},[61,26505,26506,26509,26511,26513,26515,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26507,26508],{"class":67},"removed_age ",[61,26510,72],{"class":71},[61,26512,13528],{"class":67},[61,26514,140],{"class":75},[61,26516,26517],{"class":143},"pop",[61,26519,147],{"class":75},[61,26521,504],{"class":503},[61,26523,9581],{"class":507},[61,26525,504],{"class":503},[61,26527,153],{"class":75},[61,26529,26530,26532,26534,26537,26539],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26531,160],{"class":159},[61,26533,147],{"class":75},[61,26535,26536],{"class":143},"removed_age",[61,26538,442],{"class":75},[61,26540,26541],{"class":173},"   # 25\n",[61,26543,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26545,160],{"class":159},[61,26547,147],{"class":75},[61,26549,17586],{"class":143},[61,26551,442],{"class":75},[61,26553,26554],{"class":173},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,26556,26557],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,26558,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26560,26561],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,26562,26563],{"class":173},"# Safe version with default value\n",[61,26565,26566,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26592,26594],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,26567,26568],{"class":67},"country ",[61,26570,72],{"class":71},[61,26572,13528],{"class":67},[61,26574,140],{"class":75},[61,26576,26517],{"class":143},[61,26578,147],{"class":75},[61,26580,504],{"class":503},[61,26582,15542],{"class":507},[61,26584,504],{"class":503},[61,26586,83],{"class":75},[61,26588,515],{"class":503},[61,26590,26591],{"class":507},"Not found",[61,26593,504],{"class":503},[61,26595,153],{"class":75},[61,26597,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,26599,160],{"class":159},[61,26601,147],{"class":75},[61,26603,15542],{"class":143},[61,26605,442],{"class":75},[61,26607,26608],{"class":173},"       # Not found\n",[20,26610,1503,26611,26614,26615,26618,26619,26621],{},[15,26612,26613],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26616,26617],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26620,19966],{}," when the key might not exist.",[47,26623,184,26625,187],{"id":26624},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26626,12850],{},[20,26628,26629,192],{},[15,26630,12850],{},[29,26632,26633,26636,26639,26642],{},[32,26634,26635],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[32,26637,26638],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[32,26640,26641],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[32,26643,26644],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26646,368],{},[52,26648,26650],{"className":54,"code":26649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26651,26652,26692,26696,26719,26723,26737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26653,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26655,11767],{"class":67},[61,26657,72],{"class":71},[61,26659,76],{"class":75},[61,26661,504],{"class":503},[61,26663,7949],{"class":507},[61,26665,504],{"class":503},[61,26667,192],{"class":75},[61,26669,515],{"class":503},[61,26671,13502],{"class":507},[61,26673,504],{"class":503},[61,26675,83],{"class":75},[61,26677,515],{"class":503},[61,26679,10690],{"class":507},[61,26681,504],{"class":503},[61,26683,192],{"class":75},[61,26685,515],{"class":503},[61,26687,10697],{"class":507},[61,26689,504],{"class":503},[61,26691,94],{"class":75},[61,26693,26694],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26695,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26697,26698,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26699,26700],{"class":67},"removed_city ",[61,26702,72],{"class":71},[61,26704,11850],{"class":67},[61,26706,140],{"class":75},[61,26708,26517],{"class":143},[61,26710,147],{"class":75},[61,26712,504],{"class":503},[61,26714,10690],{"class":507},[61,26716,504],{"class":503},[61,26718,153],{"class":75},[61,26720,26721],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26722,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26724,26725,26727,26729,26732,26734],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,26726,160],{"class":159},[61,26728,147],{"class":75},[61,26730,26731],{"class":143},"removed_city",[61,26733,442],{"class":75},[61,26735,26736],{"class":173},"  # Paris\n",[61,26738,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,26740,160],{"class":159},[61,26742,147],{"class":75},[61,26744,11861],{"class":143},[61,26746,442],{"class":75},[61,26748,26749],{"class":173},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26751,21050,26752,26755,26756,140],{},[15,26753,26754],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26757,26758],{},"\"Paris\"",[47,26760,221],{"id":220},[20,26762,26763],{},"There are two common forms:",[52,26765,26767],{"className":54,"code":26766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26768,26769,26783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26770,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26772,11730],{"class":67},[61,26774,140],{"class":75},[61,26776,26517],{"class":143},[61,26778,147],{"class":75},[61,26780,15122],{"class":143},[61,26782,153],{"class":75},[61,26784,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26800],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26786,11730],{"class":67},[61,26788,140],{"class":75},[61,26790,26517],{"class":143},[61,26792,147],{"class":75},[61,26794,15122],{"class":143},[61,26796,83],{"class":75},[61,26798,26799],{"class":143}," default",[61,26801,153],{"class":75},[29,26803,26804,26810,26818,26824],{},[32,26805,26806,26809],{},[15,26807,26808],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[32,26811,26812,26814,26815,26817],{},[15,26813,26808],{}," raises ",[15,26816,19966],{}," if the key is missing",[32,26819,26820,26823],{},[15,26821,26822],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[32,26825,26826],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26828,368],{},[52,26830,26832],{"className":54,"code":26831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26833,26834,26866,26870,26895,26923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26835,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26837,5343],{"class":67},[61,26839,72],{"class":71},[61,26841,76],{"class":75},[61,26843,504],{"class":503},[61,26845,18696],{"class":507},[61,26847,504],{"class":503},[61,26849,192],{"class":75},[61,26851,20177],{"class":79},[61,26853,83],{"class":75},[61,26855,515],{"class":503},[61,26857,18705],{"class":507},[61,26859,504],{"class":503},[61,26861,192],{"class":75},[61,26863,13788],{"class":79},[61,26865,94],{"class":75},[61,26867,26868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26869,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,26871,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,26873,160],{"class":159},[61,26875,147],{"class":75},[61,26877,16668],{"class":143},[61,26879,140],{"class":75},[61,26881,26517],{"class":143},[61,26883,147],{"class":75},[61,26885,504],{"class":503},[61,26887,18696],{"class":507},[61,26889,504],{"class":503},[61,26891,5641],{"class":75},[61,26893,26894],{"class":173},"         # 90\n",[61,26896,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,26898,160],{"class":159},[61,26900,147],{"class":75},[61,26902,16668],{"class":143},[61,26904,140],{"class":75},[61,26906,26517],{"class":143},[61,26908,147],{"class":75},[61,26910,504],{"class":503},[61,26912,18714],{"class":507},[61,26914,504],{"class":503},[61,26916,83],{"class":75},[61,26918,4114],{"class":79},[61,26920,5641],{"class":75},[61,26922,21047],{"class":173},[61,26924,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,26926,160],{"class":159},[61,26928,147],{"class":75},[61,26930,16668],{"class":143},[61,26932,442],{"class":75},[61,26934,26935],{"class":173},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[47,26937,17698],{"id":17697},[20,26939,26940,14334,26942,26944],{},[15,26941,13043],{},[39,26943,4909],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26946,26947],{},"Instead, it returns:",[29,26949,26950,26953],{},[32,26951,26952],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[32,26954,26955],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26957,368],{},[52,26959,26961],{"className":54,"code":26960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26962,26963,26995,26999,27022,27054,27058,27072,27086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26964,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26966,9449],{"class":67},[61,26968,72],{"class":71},[61,26970,76],{"class":75},[61,26972,504],{"class":503},[61,26974,214],{"class":507},[61,26976,504],{"class":503},[61,26978,192],{"class":75},[61,26980,6285],{"class":79},[61,26982,83],{"class":75},[61,26984,515],{"class":503},[61,26986,329],{"class":507},[61,26988,504],{"class":503},[61,26990,192],{"class":75},[61,26992,8072],{"class":79},[61,26994,94],{"class":75},[61,26996,26997],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26998,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27000,27001,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27002,27003],{"class":67},"result1 ",[61,27005,72],{"class":71},[61,27007,14847],{"class":67},[61,27009,140],{"class":75},[61,27011,26517],{"class":143},[61,27013,147],{"class":75},[61,27015,504],{"class":503},[61,27017,214],{"class":507},[61,27019,504],{"class":503},[61,27021,153],{"class":75},[61,27023,27024,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27050,27052],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27025,27026],{"class":67},"result2 ",[61,27028,72],{"class":71},[61,27030,14847],{"class":67},[61,27032,140],{"class":75},[61,27034,26517],{"class":143},[61,27036,147],{"class":75},[61,27038,504],{"class":503},[61,27040,1071],{"class":507},[61,27042,504],{"class":503},[61,27044,83],{"class":75},[61,27046,515],{"class":503},[61,27048,27049],{"class":507},"missing",[61,27051,504],{"class":503},[61,27053,153],{"class":75},[61,27055,27056],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27057,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27059,27060,27062,27064,27067,27069],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27061,160],{"class":159},[61,27063,147],{"class":75},[61,27065,27066],{"class":143},"result1",[61,27068,442],{"class":75},[61,27070,27071],{"class":173},"  # 10\n",[61,27073,27074,27076,27078,27081,27083],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,27075,160],{"class":159},[61,27077,147],{"class":75},[61,27079,27080],{"class":143},"result2",[61,27082,442],{"class":75},[61,27084,27085],{"class":173},"  # missing\n",[61,27087,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,27089,160],{"class":159},[61,27091,147],{"class":75},[61,27093,9488],{"class":143},[61,27095,442],{"class":75},[61,27097,27098],{"class":173},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27100,27101,27102,6910],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[214,27103,27104],{"href":11016},[15,27105,27106],{},"dict.get()",[47,27108,5240,27110],{"id":27109},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27111,13043],{},[20,27113,1503,27114,10881],{},[15,27115,13043],{},[29,27117,27118,27121,27124],{},[32,27119,27120],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[32,27122,27123],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[32,27125,27126],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27128,368],{},[52,27130,27132],{"className":54,"code":27131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27133,27134,27186,27190,27217,27221,27245,27249,27263,27277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27135,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27170,27172,27174,27177,27179,27181,27184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27137,25399],{"class":67},[61,27139,72],{"class":71},[61,27141,76],{"class":75},[61,27143,504],{"class":503},[61,27145,7949],{"class":507},[61,27147,504],{"class":503},[61,27149,192],{"class":75},[61,27151,515],{"class":503},[61,27153,27154],{"class":507},"Laptop",[61,27156,504],{"class":503},[61,27158,83],{"class":75},[61,27160,515],{"class":503},[61,27162,25425],{"class":507},[61,27164,504],{"class":503},[61,27166,192],{"class":75},[61,27168,27169],{"class":79}," 1200",[61,27171,83],{"class":75},[61,27173,515],{"class":503},[61,27175,27176],{"class":507},"discount",[61,27178,504],{"class":503},[61,27180,192],{"class":75},[61,27182,27183],{"class":79}," 200",[61,27185,94],{"class":75},[61,27187,27188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27189,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27191,27192,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27193,27194],{"class":67},"discount_amount ",[61,27196,72],{"class":71},[61,27198,25477],{"class":67},[61,27200,140],{"class":75},[61,27202,26517],{"class":143},[61,27204,147],{"class":75},[61,27206,504],{"class":503},[61,27208,27176],{"class":507},[61,27210,504],{"class":503},[61,27212,83],{"class":75},[61,27214,4114],{"class":79},[61,27216,153],{"class":75},[61,27218,27219],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27220,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27222,27223,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27224,27225],{"class":67},"final_price ",[61,27227,72],{"class":71},[61,27229,25477],{"class":67},[61,27231,4182],{"class":75},[61,27233,504],{"class":503},[61,27235,25425],{"class":507},[61,27237,504],{"class":503},[61,27239,13554],{"class":75},[61,27241,2506],{"class":71},[61,27243,27244],{"class":67}," discount_amount\n",[61,27246,27247],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27248,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27250,27251,27253,27255,27258,27260],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,27252,160],{"class":159},[61,27254,147],{"class":75},[61,27256,27257],{"class":143},"discount_amount",[61,27259,442],{"class":75},[61,27261,27262],{"class":173},"  # 200\n",[61,27264,27265,27267,27269,27272,27274],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,27266,160],{"class":159},[61,27268,147],{"class":75},[61,27270,27271],{"class":143},"final_price",[61,27273,442],{"class":75},[61,27275,27276],{"class":173},"      # 1000\n",[61,27278,27279,27281,27283,27286,27288],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,27280,160],{"class":159},[61,27282,147],{"class":75},[61,27284,27285],{"class":143},"product",[61,27287,442],{"class":75},[61,27289,27290],{"class":173},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27292,27293],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[47,27295,27297,1310,27299],{"id":27296},"pop-vs-del",[15,27298,13043],{},[15,27300,27301],{},"del",[20,27303,10870,27304,700,27306,27308],{},[15,27305,13043],{},[15,27307,27301],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[887,27310,1503,27312,27314],{"id":27311},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27313,13043],{}," when you need the removed value",[52,27316,27318],{"className":54,"code":27317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27319,27320,27356,27360,27382,27386,27399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27321,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27323,13485],{"class":67},[61,27325,72],{"class":71},[61,27327,76],{"class":75},[61,27329,504],{"class":503},[61,27331,7949],{"class":507},[61,27333,504],{"class":503},[61,27335,192],{"class":75},[61,27337,515],{"class":503},[61,27339,13161],{"class":507},[61,27341,504],{"class":503},[61,27343,83],{"class":75},[61,27345,515],{"class":503},[61,27347,9581],{"class":507},[61,27349,504],{"class":503},[61,27351,192],{"class":75},[61,27353,9588],{"class":79},[61,27355,94],{"class":75},[61,27357,27358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27359,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27361,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27363,21907],{"class":67},[61,27365,72],{"class":71},[61,27367,13528],{"class":67},[61,27369,140],{"class":75},[61,27371,26517],{"class":143},[61,27373,147],{"class":75},[61,27375,504],{"class":503},[61,27377,9581],{"class":507},[61,27379,504],{"class":503},[61,27381,153],{"class":75},[61,27383,27384],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27385,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27387,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27389,160],{"class":159},[61,27391,147],{"class":75},[61,27393,9581],{"class":143},[61,27395,442],{"class":75},[61,27397,27398],{"class":173},"     # 25\n",[61,27400,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27402,160],{"class":159},[61,27404,147],{"class":75},[61,27406,17586],{"class":143},[61,27408,442],{"class":75},[61,27410,27411],{"class":173},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[887,27413,1503,27415,27417],{"id":27414},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27416,27301],{}," when you only want deletion",[52,27419,27421],{"className":54,"code":27420,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27422,27423,27459,27463,27479,27483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27424,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27426,13485],{"class":67},[61,27428,72],{"class":71},[61,27430,76],{"class":75},[61,27432,504],{"class":503},[61,27434,7949],{"class":507},[61,27436,504],{"class":503},[61,27438,192],{"class":75},[61,27440,515],{"class":503},[61,27442,13161],{"class":507},[61,27444,504],{"class":503},[61,27446,83],{"class":75},[61,27448,515],{"class":503},[61,27450,9581],{"class":507},[61,27452,504],{"class":503},[61,27454,192],{"class":75},[61,27456,9588],{"class":79},[61,27458,94],{"class":75},[61,27460,27461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27462,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27464,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27466,27301],{"class":4158},[61,27468,13528],{"class":67},[61,27470,4182],{"class":75},[61,27472,504],{"class":503},[61,27474,9581],{"class":507},[61,27476,504],{"class":503},[61,27478,943],{"class":75},[61,27480,27481],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27482,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27484,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27486,160],{"class":159},[61,27488,147],{"class":75},[61,27490,17586],{"class":143},[61,27492,442],{"class":75},[61,27494,27411],{"class":173},[20,27496,27497],{},"Difference:",[29,27499,27500,27505],{},[32,27501,27502,27504],{},[15,27503,13043],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[32,27506,27507,27509],{},[15,27508,27301],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27511,27512,27513,140],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[214,27514,12855],{"href":12854},[47,27516,27518,27519],{"id":27517},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27520,19966],{},[20,27522,27523],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[887,27525,27527],{"id":27526},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[52,27529,27531],{"className":54,"code":27530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27532,27533,27558,27562,27588,27592,27604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27534,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27554,27556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27536,12004],{"class":67},[61,27538,72],{"class":71},[61,27540,76],{"class":75},[61,27542,504],{"class":503},[61,27544,7949],{"class":507},[61,27546,504],{"class":503},[61,27548,192],{"class":75},[61,27550,515],{"class":503},[61,27552,27553],{"class":507},"Sara",[61,27555,504],{"class":503},[61,27557,94],{"class":75},[61,27559,27560],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27561,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27563,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27565,2730],{"class":67},[61,27567,72],{"class":71},[61,27569,12046],{"class":67},[61,27571,140],{"class":75},[61,27573,26517],{"class":143},[61,27575,147],{"class":75},[61,27577,504],{"class":503},[61,27579,9581],{"class":507},[61,27581,504],{"class":503},[61,27583,83],{"class":75},[61,27585,4134],{"class":4133},[61,27587,153],{"class":75},[61,27589,27590],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27591,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27593,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27595,160],{"class":159},[61,27597,147],{"class":75},[61,27599,2755],{"class":143},[61,27601,442],{"class":75},[61,27603,20840],{"class":173},[61,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27607,160],{"class":159},[61,27609,147],{"class":75},[61,27611,11730],{"class":143},[61,27613,442],{"class":75},[61,27615,27616],{"class":173}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27618,27619],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[887,27621,27623],{"id":27622},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[52,27625,27627],{"className":54,"code":27626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27628,27629,27653,27657,27673,27696,27706,27713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27630,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27632,12004],{"class":67},[61,27634,72],{"class":71},[61,27636,76],{"class":75},[61,27638,504],{"class":503},[61,27640,7949],{"class":507},[61,27642,504],{"class":503},[61,27644,192],{"class":75},[61,27646,515],{"class":503},[61,27648,27553],{"class":507},[61,27650,504],{"class":503},[61,27652,94],{"class":75},[61,27654,27655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27656,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27660,7277],{"class":4158},[61,27662,515],{"class":503},[61,27664,9581],{"class":507},[61,27666,504],{"class":503},[61,27668,21452],{"class":71},[61,27670,12046],{"class":67},[61,27672,6673],{"class":75},[61,27674,27675,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27676,27677],{"class":67},"    value ",[61,27679,72],{"class":71},[61,27681,12046],{"class":67},[61,27683,140],{"class":75},[61,27685,26517],{"class":143},[61,27687,147],{"class":75},[61,27689,504],{"class":503},[61,27691,9581],{"class":507},[61,27693,504],{"class":503},[61,27695,153],{"class":75},[61,27697,27698,27700,27702,27704],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27699,8352],{"class":159},[61,27701,147],{"class":75},[61,27703,2755],{"class":143},[61,27705,153],{"class":75},[61,27707,27708,27711],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27709,27710],{"class":4158},"else",[61,27712,6673],{"class":75},[61,27714,27715,27717,27719,27721,27724,27726],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,27716,8352],{"class":159},[61,27718,147],{"class":75},[61,27720,504],{"class":503},[61,27722,27723],{"class":507},"Key not found",[61,27725,504],{"class":503},[61,27727,153],{"class":75},[887,27729,27731,27732,27734],{"id":27730},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27733,11020],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[52,27736,27738],{"className":54,"code":27737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27739,27740,27764,27768,27794,27798,27810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27741,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27743,12004],{"class":67},[61,27745,72],{"class":71},[61,27747,76],{"class":75},[61,27749,504],{"class":503},[61,27751,7949],{"class":507},[61,27753,504],{"class":503},[61,27755,192],{"class":75},[61,27757,515],{"class":503},[61,27759,27553],{"class":507},[61,27761,504],{"class":503},[61,27763,94],{"class":75},[61,27765,27766],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27767,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27769,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,27771,2730],{"class":67},[61,27773,72],{"class":71},[61,27775,12046],{"class":67},[61,27777,140],{"class":75},[61,27779,20029],{"class":143},[61,27781,147],{"class":75},[61,27783,504],{"class":503},[61,27785,9581],{"class":507},[61,27787,504],{"class":503},[61,27789,83],{"class":75},[61,27791,4134],{"class":4133},[61,27793,153],{"class":75},[61,27795,27796],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,27797,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,27799,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,27801,160],{"class":159},[61,27803,147],{"class":75},[61,27805,2755],{"class":143},[61,27807,442],{"class":75},[61,27809,20840],{"class":173},[61,27811,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,27813,160],{"class":159},[61,27815,147],{"class":75},[61,27817,11730],{"class":143},[61,27819,442],{"class":75},[61,27821,27616],{"class":173},[20,27823,1503,27824,27828,27829,140],{},[214,27825,27826],{"href":11016},[15,27827,27106],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[214,27830,11543],{"href":11354},[47,27832,1520],{"id":1519},[20,27834,27835,27836,140],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27837,12850],{},[887,27839,26050,27841,27843],{"id":27840},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27842,13043],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27845,27846],{},"Lists use indexes:",[52,27848,27850],{"className":54,"code":27849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27851,27852,27872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27853,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27855,900],{"class":67},[61,27857,72],{"class":71},[61,27859,926],{"class":75},[61,27861,2613],{"class":79},[61,27863,83],{"class":75},[61,27865,8072],{"class":79},[61,27867,83],{"class":75},[61,27869,8077],{"class":79},[61,27871,943],{"class":75},[61,27873,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27875,160],{"class":159},[61,27877,147],{"class":75},[61,27879,3929],{"class":143},[61,27881,140],{"class":75},[61,27883,26517],{"class":143},[61,27885,147],{"class":75},[61,27887,80],{"class":79},[61,27889,5641],{"class":75},[61,27891,27892],{"class":173},"  # 20\n",[20,27894,27895],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[52,27897,27899],{"className":54,"code":27898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27900,27901,27937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27902,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27904,13485],{"class":67},[61,27906,72],{"class":71},[61,27908,76],{"class":75},[61,27910,504],{"class":503},[61,27912,7949],{"class":507},[61,27914,504],{"class":503},[61,27916,192],{"class":75},[61,27918,515],{"class":503},[61,27920,13161],{"class":507},[61,27922,504],{"class":503},[61,27924,83],{"class":75},[61,27926,515],{"class":503},[61,27928,9581],{"class":507},[61,27930,504],{"class":503},[61,27932,192],{"class":75},[61,27934,9588],{"class":79},[61,27936,94],{"class":75},[61,27938,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27940,160],{"class":159},[61,27942,147],{"class":75},[61,27944,17586],{"class":143},[61,27946,140],{"class":75},[61,27948,26517],{"class":143},[61,27950,147],{"class":75},[61,27952,504],{"class":503},[61,27954,9581],{"class":507},[61,27956,504],{"class":503},[61,27958,5641],{"class":75},[61,27960,27961],{"class":173},"  # 25\n",[20,27963,27964,27965,27967,27968,27970],{},"A dictionary does ",[39,27966,4909],{}," use positions with ",[15,27969,13043],{},". It uses keys.",[887,27972,4983,27974,27976],{"id":27973},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27975,13043],{}," changes the original dictionary",[52,27978,27980],{"className":54,"code":27979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27981,27982,28014,28018,28040,28044,28057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27983,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27985,9449],{"class":67},[61,27987,72],{"class":71},[61,27989,76],{"class":75},[61,27991,504],{"class":503},[61,27993,2458],{"class":507},[61,27995,504],{"class":503},[61,27997,192],{"class":75},[61,27999,1720],{"class":79},[61,28001,83],{"class":75},[61,28003,515],{"class":503},[61,28005,12025],{"class":507},[61,28007,504],{"class":503},[61,28009,192],{"class":75},[61,28011,86],{"class":79},[61,28013,94],{"class":75},[61,28015,28016],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28017,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28019,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28021,2730],{"class":67},[61,28023,72],{"class":71},[61,28025,14847],{"class":67},[61,28027,140],{"class":75},[61,28029,26517],{"class":143},[61,28031,147],{"class":75},[61,28033,504],{"class":503},[61,28035,2458],{"class":507},[61,28037,504],{"class":503},[61,28039,153],{"class":75},[61,28041,28042],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28043,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28045,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,28047,160],{"class":159},[61,28049,147],{"class":75},[61,28051,2755],{"class":143},[61,28053,442],{"class":75},[61,28055,28056],{"class":173},"  # 1\n",[61,28058,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,28060,160],{"class":159},[61,28062,147],{"class":75},[61,28064,9488],{"class":143},[61,28066,442],{"class":75},[61,28068,28069],{"class":173},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28071,28072,28073,28075],{},"After ",[15,28074,13043],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[887,28077,716,28079,28081],{"id":28078},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28080,13043],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[52,28083,28085],{"className":54,"code":28084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28086,28087,28111,28115,28120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28088,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28090,9449],{"class":67},[61,28092,72],{"class":71},[61,28094,76],{"class":75},[61,28096,504],{"class":503},[61,28098,7949],{"class":507},[61,28100,504],{"class":503},[61,28102,192],{"class":75},[61,28104,515],{"class":503},[61,28106,8204],{"class":507},[61,28108,504],{"class":503},[61,28110,94],{"class":75},[61,28112,28113],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28114,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28116,28117],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28118,28119],{"class":173},"# This causes an error\n",[61,28121,28122],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28123,28124],{"class":173},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28126,28127],{},"Safer version:",[52,28129,28131],{"className":54,"code":28130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28132,28133,28157,28161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28134,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28136,9449],{"class":67},[61,28138,72],{"class":71},[61,28140,76],{"class":75},[61,28142,504],{"class":503},[61,28144,7949],{"class":507},[61,28146,504],{"class":503},[61,28148,192],{"class":75},[61,28150,515],{"class":503},[61,28152,8204],{"class":507},[61,28154,504],{"class":503},[61,28156,94],{"class":75},[61,28158,28159],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28160,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28162,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28164,160],{"class":159},[61,28166,147],{"class":75},[61,28168,9488],{"class":143},[61,28170,140],{"class":75},[61,28172,26517],{"class":143},[61,28174,147],{"class":75},[61,28176,504],{"class":503},[61,28178,9581],{"class":507},[61,28180,504],{"class":503},[61,28182,83],{"class":75},[61,28184,515],{"class":503},[61,28186,27049],{"class":507},[61,28188,504],{"class":503},[61,28190,5641],{"class":75},[61,28192,27085],{"class":173},[887,28194,1524,28196,28198],{"id":28195},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28197,13043],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[52,28200,28202],{"className":54,"code":28201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28203,28204,28236,28240,28262,28266,28278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28205,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28207,9449],{"class":67},[61,28209,72],{"class":71},[61,28211,76],{"class":75},[61,28213,504],{"class":503},[61,28215,214],{"class":507},[61,28217,504],{"class":503},[61,28219,192],{"class":75},[61,28221,1720],{"class":79},[61,28223,83],{"class":75},[61,28225,515],{"class":503},[61,28227,329],{"class":507},[61,28229,504],{"class":503},[61,28231,192],{"class":75},[61,28233,86],{"class":79},[61,28235,94],{"class":75},[61,28237,28238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28239,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28241,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28243,132],{"class":67},[61,28245,72],{"class":71},[61,28247,14847],{"class":67},[61,28249,140],{"class":75},[61,28251,26517],{"class":143},[61,28253,147],{"class":75},[61,28255,504],{"class":503},[61,28257,214],{"class":507},[61,28259,504],{"class":503},[61,28261,153],{"class":75},[61,28263,28264],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28265,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28267,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,28269,160],{"class":159},[61,28271,147],{"class":75},[61,28273,165],{"class":143},[61,28275,442],{"class":75},[61,28277,28056],{"class":173},[61,28279,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,28281,160],{"class":159},[61,28283,147],{"class":75},[61,28285,9488],{"class":143},[61,28287,442],{"class":75},[61,28289,28290],{"class":173},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28292,28293],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[47,28295,28297],{"id":28296},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28299,28300,28301,28303],{},"Problems with ",[15,28302,12850],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[29,28305,28306,28309,28318,28321],{},[32,28307,28308],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[32,28310,28311,28312,28315,28316],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28313,28314],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28317,26613],{},[32,28319,28320],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[32,28322,28323,28324,11372,28326],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28325,80],{},[15,28327,28328],{},"\"1\"",[20,28330,28331],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[52,28333,28335],{"className":54,"code":28334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28336,28337,28361,28365,28395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28338,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28340,9449],{"class":67},[61,28342,72],{"class":71},[61,28344,76],{"class":75},[61,28346,504],{"class":503},[61,28348,80],{"class":507},[61,28350,504],{"class":503},[61,28352,192],{"class":75},[61,28354,515],{"class":503},[61,28356,6864],{"class":507},[61,28358,504],{"class":503},[61,28360,94],{"class":75},[61,28362,28363],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28364,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28366,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28388,28390,28392],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28368,160],{"class":159},[61,28370,147],{"class":75},[61,28372,9488],{"class":143},[61,28374,140],{"class":75},[61,28376,26517],{"class":143},[61,28378,147],{"class":75},[61,28380,80],{"class":79},[61,28382,83],{"class":75},[61,28384,515],{"class":503},[61,28386,28387],{"class":507},"not found",[61,28389,504],{"class":503},[61,28391,5641],{"class":75},[61,28393,28394],{"class":173},"    # not found\n",[61,28396,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28398,160],{"class":159},[61,28400,147],{"class":75},[61,28402,9488],{"class":143},[61,28404,140],{"class":75},[61,28406,26517],{"class":143},[61,28408,147],{"class":75},[61,28410,504],{"class":503},[61,28412,80],{"class":507},[61,28414,504],{"class":503},[61,28416,83],{"class":75},[61,28418,515],{"class":503},[61,28420,28387],{"class":507},[61,28422,504],{"class":503},[61,28424,5641],{"class":75},[61,28426,28427],{"class":173},"  # one\n",[20,28429,28430,700,28432,28434],{},[15,28431,80],{},[15,28433,28328],{}," are different keys.",[47,28436,9155],{"id":9154},[20,28438,9158,28439,28441],{},[15,28440,13043],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,28443,28445],{"className":54,"code":28444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28446,28447,28457,28471,28489,28519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28448,28449,28451,28453,28455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28450,160],{"class":159},[61,28452,147],{"class":75},[61,28454,11730],{"class":143},[61,28456,153],{"class":75},[61,28458,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28460,160],{"class":159},[61,28462,147],{"class":75},[61,28464,11730],{"class":143},[61,28466,140],{"class":75},[61,28468,17203],{"class":143},[61,28470,7474],{"class":75},[61,28472,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28474,160],{"class":159},[61,28476,147],{"class":75},[61,28478,630],{"class":503},[61,28480,7949],{"class":507},[61,28482,630],{"class":503},[61,28484,21452],{"class":4158},[61,28486,12046],{"class":143},[61,28488,153],{"class":75},[61,28490,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28492,160],{"class":159},[61,28494,147],{"class":75},[61,28496,11730],{"class":143},[61,28498,140],{"class":75},[61,28500,26517],{"class":143},[61,28502,147],{"class":75},[61,28504,630],{"class":503},[61,28506,7949],{"class":507},[61,28508,630],{"class":503},[61,28510,83],{"class":75},[61,28512,639],{"class":503},[61,28514,27049],{"class":507},[61,28516,630],{"class":503},[61,28518,1761],{"class":75},[61,28520,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,28522,160],{"class":159},[61,28524,147],{"class":75},[61,28526,2072],{"class":2071},[61,28528,147],{"class":75},[61,28530,11730],{"class":143},[61,28532,1761],{"class":75},[20,28534,21615],{},[29,28536,28537,28542,28547,28552,28558],{},[32,28538,28539,28541],{},[15,28540,12960],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[32,28543,28544,28546],{},[15,28545,21627],{}," shows all available keys",[32,28548,28549,28551],{},[15,28550,21633],{}," checks whether a key exists",[32,28553,28554,28557],{},[15,28555,28556],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[32,28559,28560,28562],{},[15,28561,12966],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28564,28565,28566,140],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[214,28567,9673],{"href":9672},[47,28569,2109],{"id":2108},[887,28571,28573,28574,28576],{"id":28572},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28575,13043],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28578,28579],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[887,28581,28583],{"id":28582},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28585,28586,26814,28588,28590,28591,28593],{},[15,28587,26613],{},[15,28589,19966],{},". ",[15,28592,26617],{}," returns the default value instead.",[887,28595,2113,28597,15177],{"id":28596},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28598,13043],{},[20,28600,28601],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[887,28603,2133,28605,28607],{"id":28604},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28606,13043],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28609,28610,28611,28613,28614,140],{},"Not with ",[15,28612,12850],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[214,28615,28616],{"href":12861},[15,28617,13050],{},[887,28619,2153,28621,700,28623,2159],{"id":28620},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28622,11020],{},[15,28624,13043],{},[20,28626,28627,28629,28630,28632],{},[15,28628,11020],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28631,13043],{}," reads and removes it.",[47,28634,2172],{"id":2171},[29,28636,28637,28643,28650,28654,28658,28662],{},[32,28638,28639],{},[214,28640,28641],{"href":11016},[15,28642,19947],{},[32,28644,28645],{},[214,28646,28647],{"href":12861},[15,28648,28649],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[32,28651,28652],{},[214,28653,13067],{"href":12854},[32,28655,28656],{},[214,28657,21736],{"href":16876},[32,28659,28660],{},[214,28661,11543],{"href":11354},[32,28663,28664],{},[214,28665,28667],{"href":28666},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2204,28669,28670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":28672},[28673,28674,28676,28677,28678,28680,28687,28694,28704,28705,28706,28717],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":26624,"depth":97,"text":28675},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":27109,"depth":97,"text":28679},"When to use pop()",{"id":27296,"depth":97,"text":28681,"children":28682},"pop() vs del",[28683,28685],{"id":27311,"depth":122,"text":28684},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27414,"depth":122,"text":28686},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27517,"depth":97,"text":28688,"children":28689},"How to avoid KeyError",[28690,28691,28692],{"id":27526,"depth":122,"text":27527},{"id":27622,"depth":122,"text":27623},{"id":27730,"depth":122,"text":28693},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":28695},[28696,28698,28700,28702],{"id":27840,"depth":122,"text":28697},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27973,"depth":122,"text":28699},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28078,"depth":122,"text":28701},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28195,"depth":122,"text":28703},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28296,"depth":97,"text":28297},{"id":9154,"depth":97,"text":9155},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":28707},[28708,28710,28711,28713,28715],{"id":28572,"depth":122,"text":28709},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28582,"depth":122,"text":28583},{"id":28596,"depth":122,"text":28712},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28604,"depth":122,"text":28714},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28620,"depth":122,"text":28716},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26445,"description":28718},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28725,"title":28649,"body":28726,"description":30665,"extension":2249,"meta":30666,"navigation":125,"path":30667,"seo":30668,"stem":30669,"__hash__":30670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28727,"toc":30629},[28728,28733,28738,28741,28749,28759,28761,28850,28854,28903,28908,28913,28917,28933,28936,28938,28953,28955,28971,28978,28982,28988,28997,28999,29068,29072,29093,29096,29115,29118,29141,29143,29146,29261,29265,29324,29331,29335,29341,29466,29470,29520,29523,29527,29534,29536,29599,29603,29624,29627,29636,29651,29659,29666,29670,29682,29686,29697,29699,29845,29849,29908,29915,29920,29924,29930,29953,29958,29977,29981,30052,30059,30132,30141,30146,30151,30162,30165,30302,30306,30338,30343,30345,30349,30409,30412,30469,30472,30515,30517,30522,30528,30534,30537,30544,30552,30557,30560,30567,30575,30577,30626],[10,28729,11599,28731,18],{"id":28730},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28732,13050],{},[20,28734,2266,28735,28737],{},[15,28736,13050],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28739,28740],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[29,28742,28743,28746],{},[32,28744,28745],{},"remove an item",[32,28747,28748],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28750,28751,28752,28754,28755,28758],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28753,13050],{}," removes the ",[39,28756,28757],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[47,28760,50],{"id":49},[52,28762,28764],{"className":54,"code":28763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28765,28766,28810,28826,28830,28840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28767,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28769,9449],{"class":67},[61,28771,72],{"class":71},[61,28773,76],{"class":75},[61,28775,504],{"class":503},[61,28777,214],{"class":507},[61,28779,504],{"class":503},[61,28781,192],{"class":75},[61,28783,1720],{"class":79},[61,28785,83],{"class":75},[61,28787,515],{"class":503},[61,28789,329],{"class":507},[61,28791,504],{"class":503},[61,28793,192],{"class":75},[61,28795,86],{"class":79},[61,28797,83],{"class":75},[61,28799,515],{"class":503},[61,28801,1071],{"class":507},[61,28803,504],{"class":503},[61,28805,192],{"class":75},[61,28807,91],{"class":79},[61,28809,94],{"class":75},[61,28811,28812,28815,28817,28819,28821,28824],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28813,28814],{"class":67},"item ",[61,28816,72],{"class":71},[61,28818,14847],{"class":67},[61,28820,140],{"class":75},[61,28822,28823],{"class":143},"popitem",[61,28825,8926],{"class":75},[61,28827,28828],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,28829,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,28831,28832,28834,28836,28838],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,28833,160],{"class":159},[61,28835,147],{"class":75},[61,28837,23586],{"class":143},[61,28839,153],{"class":75},[61,28841,28842,28844,28846,28848],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,28843,160],{"class":159},[61,28845,147],{"class":75},[61,28847,9488],{"class":143},[61,28849,153],{"class":75},[20,28851,28852],{},[39,28853,1598],{},[52,28855,28857],{"className":54,"code":28856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28858,28859,28875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28860,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28862,147],{"class":75},[61,28864,630],{"class":503},[61,28866,1071],{"class":507},[61,28868,630],{"class":503},[61,28870,83],{"class":75},[61,28872,91],{"class":79},[61,28874,153],{"class":75},[61,28876,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28878,627],{"class":75},[61,28880,630],{"class":503},[61,28882,214],{"class":507},[61,28884,630],{"class":503},[61,28886,192],{"class":75},[61,28888,1720],{"class":79},[61,28890,83],{"class":75},[61,28892,639],{"class":503},[61,28894,329],{"class":507},[61,28896,630],{"class":503},[61,28898,192],{"class":75},[61,28900,86],{"class":79},[61,28902,94],{"class":75},[20,28904,28905,28907],{},[15,28906,13050],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[47,28909,184,28911,187],{"id":28910},"what-popitem-does",[15,28912,13050],{},[20,28914,28915,192],{},[15,28916,13050],{},[29,28918,28919,28922,28927,28930],{},[32,28920,28921],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[32,28923,28924,28925],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28926,21934],{},[32,28928,28929],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[32,28931,28932],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28934,28935],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[47,28937,221],{"id":220},[52,28939,28941],{"className":54,"code":28940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28942,28943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28944,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28946,15885],{"class":67},[61,28948,140],{"class":75},[61,28950,28823],{"class":143},[61,28952,8926],{"class":75},[20,28954,11739],{},[29,28956,28957,28965,28968],{},[32,28958,28959,28961,28962],{},[15,28960,13050],{}," takes ",[39,28963,28964],{},"no arguments",[32,28966,28967],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[32,28969,28970],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28972,28973,28974,6910],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[214,28975,28976],{"href":12847},[15,28977,13043],{},[47,28979,28981],{"id":28980},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28983,28984,28985,28987],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28986,13050],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28989,28990,28991,28994],"ol",{},[32,28992,28993],{},"the key",[32,28995,28996],{},"the value",[20,28998,368],{},[52,29000,29002],{"className":54,"code":29001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29003,29004,29040,29054,29058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29005,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29007,13485],{"class":67},[61,29009,72],{"class":71},[61,29011,76],{"class":75},[61,29013,504],{"class":503},[61,29015,7949],{"class":507},[61,29017,504],{"class":503},[61,29019,192],{"class":75},[61,29021,515],{"class":503},[61,29023,5283],{"class":507},[61,29025,504],{"class":503},[61,29027,83],{"class":75},[61,29029,515],{"class":503},[61,29031,9581],{"class":507},[61,29033,504],{"class":503},[61,29035,192],{"class":75},[61,29037,9588],{"class":79},[61,29039,94],{"class":75},[61,29041,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29043,132],{"class":67},[61,29045,72],{"class":71},[61,29047,13528],{"class":67},[61,29049,140],{"class":75},[61,29051,28823],{"class":143},[61,29053,8926],{"class":75},[61,29055,29056],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29057,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29059,29060,29062,29064,29066],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,29061,160],{"class":159},[61,29063,147],{"class":75},[61,29065,165],{"class":143},[61,29067,153],{"class":75},[20,29069,29070],{},[39,29071,1598],{},[52,29073,29075],{"className":54,"code":29074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29076,29077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29078,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29080,147],{"class":75},[61,29082,630],{"class":503},[61,29084,9581],{"class":507},[61,29086,630],{"class":503},[61,29088,83],{"class":75},[61,29090,9588],{"class":79},[61,29092,153],{"class":75},[20,29094,29095],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[52,29097,29099],{"className":54,"code":29098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29100,29101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29102,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29104,132],{"class":67},[61,29106,72],{"class":71},[61,29108,13528],{"class":67},[61,29110,140],{"class":75},[61,29112,28823],{"class":143},[61,29114,8926],{"class":75},[20,29116,29117],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[52,29119,29121],{"className":54,"code":29120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29122,29123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29124,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29126,15122],{"class":67},[61,29128,83],{"class":75},[61,29130,21863],{"class":67},[61,29132,72],{"class":71},[61,29134,13528],{"class":67},[61,29136,140],{"class":75},[61,29138,28823],{"class":143},[61,29140,8926],{"class":75},[47,29142,483],{"id":482},[20,29144,29145],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[52,29147,29149],{"className":54,"code":29148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29150,29151,29199,29203,29218,29222,29242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29152,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29183,29185,29187,29190,29192,29194,29197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29154,5343],{"class":67},[61,29156,72],{"class":71},[61,29158,76],{"class":75},[61,29160,504],{"class":503},[61,29162,29163],{"class":507},"Tom",[61,29165,504],{"class":503},[61,29167,192],{"class":75},[61,29169,5355],{"class":79},[61,29171,83],{"class":75},[61,29173,515],{"class":503},[61,29175,13161],{"class":507},[61,29177,504],{"class":503},[61,29179,192],{"class":75},[61,29181,29182],{"class":79}," 95",[61,29184,83],{"class":75},[61,29186,515],{"class":503},[61,29188,29189],{"class":507},"Leo",[61,29191,504],{"class":503},[61,29193,192],{"class":75},[61,29195,29196],{"class":79}," 88",[61,29198,94],{"class":75},[61,29200,29201],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29202,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29204,29205,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29206,29207],{"class":67},"removed_pair ",[61,29209,72],{"class":71},[61,29211,5390],{"class":67},[61,29213,140],{"class":75},[61,29215,28823],{"class":143},[61,29217,8926],{"class":75},[61,29219,29220],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,29221,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29223,29224,29226,29228,29230,29233,29235,29237,29240],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,29225,160],{"class":159},[61,29227,147],{"class":75},[61,29229,504],{"class":503},[61,29231,29232],{"class":507},"Removed:",[61,29234,504],{"class":503},[61,29236,83],{"class":75},[61,29238,29239],{"class":143}," removed_pair",[61,29241,153],{"class":75},[61,29243,29244,29246,29248,29250,29253,29255,29257,29259],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,29245,160],{"class":159},[61,29247,147],{"class":75},[61,29249,504],{"class":503},[61,29251,29252],{"class":507},"After removal:",[61,29254,504],{"class":503},[61,29256,83],{"class":75},[61,29258,5390],{"class":143},[61,29260,153],{"class":75},[20,29262,29263],{},[39,29264,1598],{},[52,29266,29268],{"className":54,"code":29267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29269,29270,29291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29271,29272,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29273,29274],{"class":67},"Removed",[61,29276,192],{"class":75},[61,29278,1058],{"class":75},[61,29280,630],{"class":503},[61,29282,29189],{"class":507},[61,29284,630],{"class":503},[61,29286,83],{"class":75},[61,29288,29196],{"class":79},[61,29290,153],{"class":75},[61,29292,29293,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29294,29295],{"class":67},"After removal",[61,29297,192],{"class":75},[61,29299,76],{"class":75},[61,29301,630],{"class":503},[61,29303,29163],{"class":507},[61,29305,630],{"class":503},[61,29307,192],{"class":75},[61,29309,5355],{"class":79},[61,29311,83],{"class":75},[61,29313,639],{"class":503},[61,29315,13161],{"class":507},[61,29317,630],{"class":503},[61,29319,192],{"class":75},[61,29321,29182],{"class":79},[61,29323,94],{"class":75},[20,29325,29326,29327,29330],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29328,29329],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[47,29332,29334],{"id":29333},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29336,29337,29338,29340],{},"Because ",[15,29339,13050],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[52,29342,29344],{"className":54,"code":29343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29345,29346,29382,29386,29405,29409,29428,29447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29347,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29349,15728],{"class":67},[61,29351,72],{"class":71},[61,29353,76],{"class":75},[61,29355,504],{"class":503},[61,29357,15739],{"class":507},[61,29359,504],{"class":503},[61,29361,192],{"class":75},[61,29363,515],{"class":503},[61,29365,15748],{"class":507},[61,29367,504],{"class":503},[61,29369,83],{"class":75},[61,29371,515],{"class":503},[61,29373,15759],{"class":507},[61,29375,504],{"class":503},[61,29377,192],{"class":75},[61,29379,27183],{"class":79},[61,29381,94],{"class":75},[61,29383,29384],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29385,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29387,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29399,29401,29403],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29389,15122],{"class":67},[61,29391,83],{"class":75},[61,29393,21863],{"class":67},[61,29395,72],{"class":71},[61,29397,29398],{"class":67}," book",[61,29400,140],{"class":75},[61,29402,28823],{"class":143},[61,29404,8926],{"class":75},[61,29406,29407],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,29408,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29410,29411,29413,29415,29417,29420,29422,29424,29426],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,29412,160],{"class":159},[61,29414,147],{"class":75},[61,29416,504],{"class":503},[61,29418,29419],{"class":507},"Key:",[61,29421,504],{"class":503},[61,29423,83],{"class":75},[61,29425,21858],{"class":143},[61,29427,153],{"class":75},[61,29429,29430,29432,29434,29436,29439,29441,29443,29445],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,29431,160],{"class":159},[61,29433,147],{"class":75},[61,29435,504],{"class":503},[61,29437,29438],{"class":507},"Value:",[61,29440,504],{"class":503},[61,29442,83],{"class":75},[61,29444,8717],{"class":143},[61,29446,153],{"class":75},[61,29448,29449,29451,29453,29455,29458,29460,29462,29464],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,29450,160],{"class":159},[61,29452,147],{"class":75},[61,29454,504],{"class":503},[61,29456,29457],{"class":507},"Dictionary:",[61,29459,504],{"class":503},[61,29461,83],{"class":75},[61,29463,29398],{"class":143},[61,29465,153],{"class":75},[20,29467,29468],{},[39,29469,1598],{},[52,29471,29473],{"className":54,"code":29472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29474,29475,29485,29495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29476,29477,29480,29482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29478,29479],{"class":67},"Key",[61,29481,192],{"class":75},[61,29483,29484],{"class":67}," pages\n",[61,29486,29487,29490,29492],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29488,29489],{"class":67},"Value",[61,29491,192],{"class":75},[61,29493,29494],{"class":79}," 200\n",[61,29496,29497,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29498,29499],{"class":67},"Dictionary",[61,29501,192],{"class":75},[61,29503,76],{"class":75},[61,29505,630],{"class":503},[61,29507,15739],{"class":507},[61,29509,630],{"class":503},[61,29511,192],{"class":75},[61,29513,639],{"class":503},[61,29515,15748],{"class":507},[61,29517,630],{"class":503},[61,29519,94],{"class":75},[20,29521,29522],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[47,29524,29526],{"id":29525},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29528,29529,29530,28754,29532,140],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29531,13050],{},[39,29533,28757],{},[20,29535,368],{},[52,29537,29539],{"className":54,"code":29538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29540,29541,29585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29542,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29544,9449],{"class":67},[61,29546,72],{"class":71},[61,29548,76],{"class":75},[61,29550,504],{"class":503},[61,29552,2458],{"class":507},[61,29554,504],{"class":503},[61,29556,192],{"class":75},[61,29558,1720],{"class":79},[61,29560,83],{"class":75},[61,29562,515],{"class":503},[61,29564,12025],{"class":507},[61,29566,504],{"class":503},[61,29568,192],{"class":75},[61,29570,86],{"class":79},[61,29572,83],{"class":75},[61,29574,515],{"class":503},[61,29576,22354],{"class":507},[61,29578,504],{"class":503},[61,29580,192],{"class":75},[61,29582,91],{"class":79},[61,29584,94],{"class":75},[61,29586,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29588,160],{"class":159},[61,29590,147],{"class":75},[61,29592,9488],{"class":143},[61,29594,140],{"class":75},[61,29596,28823],{"class":143},[61,29598,7474],{"class":75},[20,29600,29601],{},[39,29602,1598],{},[52,29604,29606],{"className":54,"code":29605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29607,29608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29609,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29611,147],{"class":75},[61,29613,630],{"class":503},[61,29615,22354],{"class":507},[61,29617,630],{"class":503},[61,29619,83],{"class":75},[61,29621,91],{"class":79},[61,29623,153],{"class":75},[20,29625,29626],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29628,29629,29630,29632,29633,29635],{},"As a beginner, do ",[39,29631,4909],{}," think of ",[15,29634,13050],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29637,29638,29639,1830,29643,1833,29647,140],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[214,29640,29641],{"href":17354},[15,29642,17357],{},[214,29644,29645],{"href":17342},[15,29646,17345],{},[214,29648,29649],{"href":17348},[15,29650,17351],{},[47,29652,29654,29655,700,29657],{"id":29653},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29656,13050],{},[15,29658,13043],{},[20,29660,29661,700,29663,29665],{},[15,29662,13050],{},[15,29664,13043],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[887,29667,29668],{"id":28823},[15,29669,13050],{},[29,29671,29672,29675,29678],{},[32,29673,29674],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[32,29676,29677],{},"does not need a key argument",[32,29679,3971,29680],{},[15,29681,21934],{},[887,29683,29684],{"id":26517},[15,29685,13043],{},[29,29687,29688,29691,29694],{},[32,29689,29690],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[32,29692,29693],{},"needs the key name",[32,29695,29696],{},"returns only the value",[20,29698,368],{},[52,29700,29702],{"className":54,"code":29701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29703,29704,29748,29752,29766,29786,29790,29812,29831,29835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29705,29706,29708,29710,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736,29738,29740,29742,29744,29746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29707,9449],{"class":67},[61,29709,72],{"class":71},[61,29711,76],{"class":75},[61,29713,504],{"class":503},[61,29715,214],{"class":507},[61,29717,504],{"class":503},[61,29719,192],{"class":75},[61,29721,1720],{"class":79},[61,29723,83],{"class":75},[61,29725,515],{"class":503},[61,29727,329],{"class":507},[61,29729,504],{"class":503},[61,29731,192],{"class":75},[61,29733,86],{"class":79},[61,29735,83],{"class":75},[61,29737,515],{"class":503},[61,29739,1071],{"class":507},[61,29741,504],{"class":503},[61,29743,192],{"class":75},[61,29745,91],{"class":79},[61,29747,94],{"class":75},[61,29749,29750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29751,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29755,28814],{"class":67},[61,29757,72],{"class":71},[61,29759,14847],{"class":67},[61,29761,140],{"class":75},[61,29763,28823],{"class":143},[61,29765,8926],{"class":75},[61,29767,29768,29770,29772,29774,29777,29779,29781,29784],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,29769,160],{"class":159},[61,29771,147],{"class":75},[61,29773,504],{"class":503},[61,29775,29776],{"class":507},"popitem():",[61,29778,504],{"class":503},[61,29780,83],{"class":75},[61,29782,29783],{"class":143}," item",[61,29785,153],{"class":75},[61,29787,29788],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,29789,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29791,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,29793,2730],{"class":67},[61,29795,72],{"class":71},[61,29797,14847],{"class":67},[61,29799,140],{"class":75},[61,29801,26517],{"class":143},[61,29803,147],{"class":75},[61,29805,504],{"class":503},[61,29807,214],{"class":507},[61,29809,504],{"class":503},[61,29811,153],{"class":75},[61,29813,29814,29816,29818,29820,29823,29825,29827,29829],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,29815,160],{"class":159},[61,29817,147],{"class":75},[61,29819,504],{"class":503},[61,29821,29822],{"class":507},"pop('a'):",[61,29824,504],{"class":503},[61,29826,83],{"class":75},[61,29828,8717],{"class":143},[61,29830,153],{"class":75},[61,29832,29833],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,29834,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29836,29837,29839,29841,29843],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,29838,160],{"class":159},[61,29840,147],{"class":75},[61,29842,9488],{"class":143},[61,29844,153],{"class":75},[20,29846,29847],{},[39,29848,1598],{},[52,29850,29852],{"className":54,"code":29851,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29853,29854,29875,29892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29855,29856,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29857,28823],{"class":143},[61,29859,29860],{"class":75},"():",[61,29862,1058],{"class":75},[61,29864,630],{"class":503},[61,29866,1071],{"class":507},[61,29868,630],{"class":503},[61,29870,83],{"class":75},[61,29872,91],{"class":79},[61,29874,153],{"class":75},[61,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29878,26517],{"class":143},[61,29880,147],{"class":75},[61,29882,630],{"class":503},[61,29884,214],{"class":507},[61,29886,630],{"class":503},[61,29888,16731],{"class":75},[61,29890,29891],{"class":79}," 1\n",[61,29893,29894,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904,29906],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,29895,627],{"class":75},[61,29897,630],{"class":503},[61,29899,329],{"class":507},[61,29901,630],{"class":503},[61,29903,192],{"class":75},[61,29905,86],{"class":79},[61,29907,94],{"class":75},[20,29909,1503,29910,29914],{},[214,29911,29912],{"href":12847},[15,29913,13043],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29916,1503,29917,29919],{},[15,29918,13050],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[47,29921,29923],{"id":29922},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29925,29926,29927,29929],{},"Calling ",[15,29928,13050],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[52,29931,29933],{"className":54,"code":29932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29934,29935,29943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29936,29937,29939,29941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29938,9449],{"class":67},[61,29940,72],{"class":71},[61,29942,10119],{"class":75},[61,29944,29945,29947,29949,29951],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29946,9488],{"class":67},[61,29948,140],{"class":75},[61,29950,28823],{"class":143},[61,29952,8926],{"class":75},[20,29954,29955],{},[39,29956,29957],{},"Error:",[52,29959,29961],{"className":54,"code":29960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29962,29963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29964,29965,29967,29969,29971,29974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29966,19966],{"class":2071},[61,29968,192],{"class":75},[61,29970,639],{"class":503},[61,29972,29973],{"class":507},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[61,29975,29976],{"class":503},"'\n",[887,29978,29980],{"id":29979},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[52,29982,29984],{"className":54,"code":29983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29985,29986,29994,29998,30006,30021,30031,30037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29987,29988,29990,29992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29989,9449],{"class":67},[61,29991,72],{"class":71},[61,29993,10119],{"class":75},[61,29995,29996],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29997,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,29999,30000,30002,30004],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30001,7277],{"class":4158},[61,30003,14847],{"class":67},[61,30005,6673],{"class":75},[61,30007,30008,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,30009,30010],{"class":67},"    item ",[61,30012,72],{"class":71},[61,30014,14847],{"class":67},[61,30016,140],{"class":75},[61,30018,28823],{"class":143},[61,30020,8926],{"class":75},[61,30022,30023,30025,30027,30029],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,30024,8352],{"class":159},[61,30026,147],{"class":75},[61,30028,23586],{"class":143},[61,30030,153],{"class":75},[61,30032,30033,30035],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,30034,27710],{"class":4158},[61,30036,6673],{"class":75},[61,30038,30039,30041,30043,30045,30048,30050],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,30040,8352],{"class":159},[61,30042,147],{"class":75},[61,30044,504],{"class":503},[61,30046,30047],{"class":507},"Dictionary is empty",[61,30049,504],{"class":503},[61,30051,153],{"class":75},[887,30053,30055,30056],{"id":30054},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30057,30058],{},"try-except",[52,30060,30062],{"className":54,"code":30061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30063,30064,30072,30076,30083,30097,30107,30117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30065,30066,30068,30070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30067,9449],{"class":67},[61,30069,72],{"class":71},[61,30071,10119],{"class":75},[61,30073,30074],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30075,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,30077,30078,30081],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30079,30080],{"class":4158},"try",[61,30082,6673],{"class":75},[61,30084,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,30086,30010],{"class":67},[61,30088,72],{"class":71},[61,30090,14847],{"class":67},[61,30092,140],{"class":75},[61,30094,28823],{"class":143},[61,30096,8926],{"class":75},[61,30098,30099,30101,30103,30105],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,30100,8352],{"class":159},[61,30102,147],{"class":75},[61,30104,23586],{"class":143},[61,30106,153],{"class":75},[61,30108,30109,30112,30115],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,30110,30111],{"class":4158},"except",[61,30113,30114],{"class":2071}," KeyError",[61,30116,6673],{"class":75},[61,30118,30119,30121,30123,30125,30128,30130],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,30120,8352],{"class":159},[61,30122,147],{"class":75},[61,30124,504],{"class":503},[61,30126,30127],{"class":507},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[61,30129,504],{"class":503},[61,30131,153],{"class":75},[20,30133,30134,30135,140],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[214,30136,25955,30138],{"href":30137},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30139,30140],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,30142,5240,30144],{"id":30143},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30145,13050],{},[20,30147,30148,30150],{},[15,30149,13050],{}," is useful when:",[29,30152,30153,30156,30159],{},[32,30154,30155],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[32,30157,30158],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[32,30160,30161],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30163,30164],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[52,30166,30168],{"className":54,"code":30167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30169,30170,30179,30199,30219,30237,30241,30245,30255,30274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30171,30172,30175,30177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30173,30174],{"class":67},"tasks ",[61,30176,72],{"class":71},[61,30178,11772],{"class":75},[61,30180,30181,30183,30186,30188,30190,30192,30195,30197],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30182,11777],{"class":503},[61,30184,30185],{"class":507},"first",[61,30187,504],{"class":503},[61,30189,192],{"class":75},[61,30191,515],{"class":503},[61,30193,30194],{"class":507},"wash dishes",[61,30196,504],{"class":503},[61,30198,11793],{"class":75},[61,30200,30201,30203,30206,30208,30210,30212,30215,30217],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30202,11777],{"class":503},[61,30204,30205],{"class":507},"second",[61,30207,504],{"class":503},[61,30209,192],{"class":75},[61,30211,515],{"class":503},[61,30213,30214],{"class":507},"do homework",[61,30216,504],{"class":503},[61,30218,11793],{"class":75},[61,30220,30221,30223,30226,30228,30230,30232,30235],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,30222,11777],{"class":503},[61,30224,30225],{"class":507},"third",[61,30227,504],{"class":503},[61,30229,192],{"class":75},[61,30231,515],{"class":503},[61,30233,30234],{"class":507},"read book",[61,30236,3639],{"class":503},[61,30238,30239],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,30240,94],{"class":75},[61,30242,30243],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,30244,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,30246,30247,30250,30253],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,30248,30249],{"class":4158},"while",[61,30251,30252],{"class":67}," tasks",[61,30254,6673],{"class":75},[61,30256,30257,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,30258,30259],{"class":67},"    key",[61,30261,83],{"class":75},[61,30263,21863],{"class":67},[61,30265,72],{"class":71},[61,30267,30252],{"class":67},[61,30269,140],{"class":75},[61,30271,28823],{"class":143},[61,30273,8926],{"class":75},[61,30275,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,30277,8352],{"class":159},[61,30279,147],{"class":75},[61,30281,22570],{"class":2350},[61,30283,504],{"class":507},[61,30285,627],{"class":79},[61,30287,15122],{"class":143},[61,30289,22579],{"class":79},[61,30291,22582],{"class":507},[61,30293,627],{"class":79},[61,30295,2755],{"class":143},[61,30297,22579],{"class":79},[61,30299,504],{"class":507},[61,30301,153],{"class":75},[20,30303,30304],{},[39,30305,617],{},[52,30307,30309],{"className":54,"code":30308,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30310,30311,30320,30329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30312,30313,30315,30317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30314,30225],{"class":67},[61,30316,192],{"class":75},[61,30318,30319],{"class":67}," read book\n",[61,30321,30322,30324,30326],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30323,30205],{"class":67},[61,30325,192],{"class":75},[61,30327,30328],{"class":67}," do homework\n",[61,30330,30331,30333,30335],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30332,30185],{"class":67},[61,30334,192],{"class":75},[61,30336,30337],{"class":67}," wash dishes\n",[20,30339,29337,30340,30342],{},[15,30341,13050],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[47,30344,3111],{"id":3110},[20,30346,15014,30347,192],{},[15,30348,13050],{},[29,30350,30351,30365,30384,30395],{},[32,30352,30353,30358],{},[39,30354,29926,30355,30357],{},[15,30356,13050],{}," on an empty dictionary",[29,30359,30360],{},[32,30361,30362,30363,140],{},"This raises ",[15,30364,19966],{},[32,30366,30367,30372],{},[39,30368,1524,30369,30371],{},[15,30370,13050],{}," to remove a specific key",[29,30373,30374,30377],{},[32,30375,30376],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[32,30378,1503,30379,30383],{},[214,30380,30381],{"href":12847},[15,30382,13043],{}," if you need that.",[32,30385,30386,30390],{},[39,30387,4983,30388,27976],{},[15,30389,13050],{},[29,30391,30392],{},[32,30393,30394],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[32,30396,30397,30400],{},[39,30398,30399],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[29,30401,30402],{},[32,30403,30404,22252,30406,30408],{},[15,30405,13050],{},[15,30407,21934],{}," tuple.",[20,30410,30411],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[52,30413,30415],{"className":54,"code":30414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30416,30417,30427,30441,30445,30459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30418,30419,30421,30423,30425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30420,160],{"class":159},[61,30422,147],{"class":75},[61,30424,11730],{"class":143},[61,30426,153],{"class":75},[61,30428,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30430,160],{"class":159},[61,30432,147],{"class":75},[61,30434,11442],{"class":159},[61,30436,147],{"class":75},[61,30438,11730],{"class":143},[61,30440,1761],{"class":75},[61,30442,30443],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30444,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,30446,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,30448,28814],{"class":67},[61,30450,72],{"class":71},[61,30452,12046],{"class":67},[61,30454,140],{"class":75},[61,30456,28823],{"class":143},[61,30458,8926],{"class":75},[61,30460,30461,30463,30465,30467],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,30462,160],{"class":159},[61,30464,147],{"class":75},[61,30466,23586],{"class":143},[61,30468,153],{"class":75},[20,30470,30471],{},"Or with unpacking:",[52,30473,30475],{"className":54,"code":30474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30476,30477,30495,30505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30478,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30480,15122],{"class":67},[61,30482,83],{"class":75},[61,30484,21863],{"class":67},[61,30486,72],{"class":71},[61,30488,12046],{"class":67},[61,30490,140],{"class":75},[61,30492,28823],{"class":143},[61,30494,8926],{"class":75},[61,30496,30497,30499,30501,30503],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30498,160],{"class":159},[61,30500,147],{"class":75},[61,30502,15122],{"class":143},[61,30504,153],{"class":75},[61,30506,30507,30509,30511,30513],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30508,160],{"class":159},[61,30510,147],{"class":75},[61,30512,2755],{"class":143},[61,30514,153],{"class":75},[47,30516,2109],{"id":2108},[887,30518,5422,30520,5425],{"id":30519},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30521,13050],{},[20,30523,30524,30525,140],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30526,30527],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[887,30529,2113,30531,30533],{"id":30530},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30532,13050],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30535,30536],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[887,30538,30540,30541,30543],{"id":30539},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30542,13050],{}," removes?",[20,30545,30546,30547,30551],{},"No. Use ",[214,30548,30549],{"href":12847},[15,30550,13043],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[887,30553,2113,30555,15177],{"id":30554},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30556,13050],{},[20,30558,30559],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[887,30561,30563,30564,30566],{"id":30562},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30565,13050],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30568,30569,30570,30572,30573,140],{},"It raises ",[15,30571,19966],{}," with the message ",[15,30574,29973],{},[47,30576,2172],{"id":2171},[29,30578,30579,30586,30592,30598,30604,30611,30615,30619],{},[32,30580,30581],{},[214,30582,30583,30585],{"href":12847},[15,30584,13043],{}," method for dictionaries",[32,30587,30588],{},[214,30589,30590,30585],{"href":17354},[15,30591,17357],{},[32,30593,30594],{},[214,30595,30596,30585],{"href":17342},[15,30597,17345],{},[32,30599,30600],{},[214,30601,30602,30585],{"href":17348},[15,30603,17351],{},[32,30605,30606],{},[214,30607,30609,30585],{"href":30608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30610,11602],{},[32,30612,30613],{},[214,30614,13067],{"href":12854},[32,30616,30617],{},[214,30618,21736],{"href":16876},[32,30620,30621],{},[214,30622,30623,30624],{"href":30137},"Fix ",[15,30625,30140],{},[2204,30627,30628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":30630},[30631,30632,30634,30635,30636,30637,30638,30639,30644,30649,30651,30652,30664],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":28910,"depth":97,"text":30633},"What popitem() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":28980,"depth":97,"text":28981},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":29333,"depth":97,"text":29334},{"id":29525,"depth":97,"text":29526},{"id":29653,"depth":97,"text":30640,"children":30641},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30642,30643],{"id":28823,"depth":122,"text":13050},{"id":26517,"depth":122,"text":13043},{"id":29922,"depth":97,"text":29923,"children":30645},[30646,30647],{"id":29979,"depth":122,"text":29980},{"id":30054,"depth":122,"text":30648},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30143,"depth":97,"text":30650},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":30653},[30654,30656,30658,30660,30662],{"id":30519,"depth":122,"text":30655},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30530,"depth":122,"text":30657},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30539,"depth":122,"text":30659},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30554,"depth":122,"text":30661},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30562,"depth":122,"text":30663},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28649,"description":30665},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30672,"title":30673,"body":30674,"description":32575,"extension":2249,"meta":32576,"navigation":125,"path":14313,"seo":32577,"stem":32578,"__hash__":32579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30675,"toc":32547},[30676,30681,30686,30689,30691,30787,30792,30797,30802,30805,30813,30816,30831,30833,30933,30935,30992,30996,30998,31001,31021,31026,31037,31040,31067,31070,31072,31129,31131,31152,31158,31163,31166,31177,31179,31287,31289,31342,31344,31356,31363,31369,31374,31377,31465,31467,31512,31515,31523,31526,31529,31598,31601,31604,31608,31611,31682,31684,31737,31740,31743,31746,31761,31764,31776,31779,31842,31844,31850,31852,31854,31933,31935,31976,31978,32043,32045,32082,32087,32092,32096,32110,32113,32236,32238,32323,32328,32330,32334,32356,32359,32438,32441,32460,32465,32467,32473,32478,32484,32487,32493,32496,32502,32507,32513,32519,32521,32544],[10,30677,11599,30679,18],{"id":30678},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30680,1313],{},[20,30682,2266,30683,30685],{},[15,30684,1313],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30687,30688],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[47,30690,50],{"id":49},[52,30692,30694],{"className":54,"code":30693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30695,30696,30732,30772,30782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30697,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30699,13485],{"class":67},[61,30701,72],{"class":71},[61,30703,76],{"class":75},[61,30705,504],{"class":503},[61,30707,7949],{"class":507},[61,30709,504],{"class":503},[61,30711,192],{"class":75},[61,30713,515],{"class":503},[61,30715,13161],{"class":507},[61,30717,504],{"class":503},[61,30719,83],{"class":75},[61,30721,515],{"class":503},[61,30723,9581],{"class":507},[61,30725,504],{"class":503},[61,30727,192],{"class":75},[61,30729,8072],{"class":79},[61,30731,94],{"class":75},[61,30733,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30735,17586],{"class":67},[61,30737,140],{"class":75},[61,30739,1419],{"class":143},[61,30741,5809],{"class":75},[61,30743,504],{"class":503},[61,30745,9581],{"class":507},[61,30747,504],{"class":503},[61,30749,192],{"class":75},[61,30751,30752],{"class":79}," 21",[61,30754,83],{"class":75},[61,30756,515],{"class":503},[61,30758,10690],{"class":507},[61,30760,504],{"class":503},[61,30762,192],{"class":75},[61,30764,515],{"class":503},[61,30766,16310],{"class":507},[61,30768,504],{"class":503},[61,30770,30771],{"class":75},"})\n",[61,30773,30774,30776,30778,30780],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30775,160],{"class":159},[61,30777,147],{"class":75},[61,30779,17586],{"class":143},[61,30781,153],{"class":75},[61,30783,30784],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,30785,30786],{"class":173},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30788,1503,30789,30791],{},[15,30790,1313],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[47,30793,184,30795,187],{"id":30794},"what-update-does",[15,30796,1313],{},[20,30798,30799,30801],{},[15,30800,1313],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30803,30804],{},"It can do two main things:",[29,30806,30807,30810],{},[32,30808,30809],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[32,30811,30812],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30814,30815],{},"Important things to know:",[29,30817,30818,30821,30824,30828],{},[32,30819,30820],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[32,30822,30823],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[32,30825,5428,30826],{},[15,30827,4058],{},[32,30829,30830],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30832,368],{},[52,30834,30836],{"className":54,"code":30835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30837,30838,30880,30923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30839,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30876,30878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30841,13144],{"class":67},[61,30843,72],{"class":71},[61,30845,76],{"class":75},[61,30847,504],{"class":503},[61,30849,7949],{"class":507},[61,30851,504],{"class":503},[61,30853,192],{"class":75},[61,30855,515],{"class":503},[61,30857,30858],{"class":507},"Mira",[61,30860,504],{"class":503},[61,30862,83],{"class":75},[61,30864,515],{"class":503},[61,30866,20170],{"class":507},[61,30868,504],{"class":503},[61,30870,192],{"class":75},[61,30872,515],{"class":503},[61,30874,30875],{"class":507},"B",[61,30877,504],{"class":503},[61,30879,94],{"class":75},[61,30881,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30919,30921],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30883,13907],{"class":67},[61,30885,140],{"class":75},[61,30887,1419],{"class":143},[61,30889,5809],{"class":75},[61,30891,504],{"class":503},[61,30893,20170],{"class":507},[61,30895,504],{"class":503},[61,30897,192],{"class":75},[61,30899,515],{"class":503},[61,30901,22521],{"class":507},[61,30903,504],{"class":503},[61,30905,83],{"class":75},[61,30907,515],{"class":503},[61,30909,10690],{"class":507},[61,30911,504],{"class":503},[61,30913,192],{"class":75},[61,30915,515],{"class":503},[61,30917,30918],{"class":507},"Quito",[61,30920,504],{"class":503},[61,30922,30771],{"class":75},[61,30924,30925,30927,30929,30931],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,30926,160],{"class":159},[61,30928,147],{"class":75},[61,30930,13907],{"class":143},[61,30932,153],{"class":75},[20,30934,1598],{},[52,30936,30938],{"className":54,"code":30937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30939,30940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30941,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30943,627],{"class":75},[61,30945,630],{"class":503},[61,30947,7949],{"class":507},[61,30949,630],{"class":503},[61,30951,192],{"class":75},[61,30953,639],{"class":503},[61,30955,30858],{"class":507},[61,30957,630],{"class":503},[61,30959,83],{"class":75},[61,30961,639],{"class":503},[61,30963,20170],{"class":507},[61,30965,630],{"class":503},[61,30967,192],{"class":75},[61,30969,639],{"class":503},[61,30971,22521],{"class":507},[61,30973,630],{"class":503},[61,30975,83],{"class":75},[61,30977,639],{"class":503},[61,30979,10690],{"class":507},[61,30981,630],{"class":503},[61,30983,192],{"class":75},[61,30985,639],{"class":503},[61,30987,30918],{"class":507},[61,30989,630],{"class":503},[61,30991,94],{"class":75},[20,30993,9435,30994,140],{},[214,30995,24904],{"href":9672},[47,30997,221],{"id":220},[20,30999,31000],{},"The basic form is:",[52,31002,31004],{"className":54,"code":31003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31005,31006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31007,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31009,15885],{"class":67},[61,31011,140],{"class":75},[61,31013,1419],{"class":143},[61,31015,147],{"class":75},[61,31017,31018],{"class":143},"other",[61,31020,153],{"class":75},[20,31022,31023,31025],{},[15,31024,31018],{}," can be:",[29,31027,31028,31031,31034],{},[32,31029,31030],{},"Another dictionary",[32,31032,31033],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[32,31035,31036],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31038,31039],{},"You can also use:",[52,31041,31043],{"className":54,"code":31042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31044,31045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31046,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31048,15885],{"class":67},[61,31050,140],{"class":75},[61,31052,1419],{"class":143},[61,31054,147],{"class":75},[61,31056,7949],{"class":9459},[61,31058,72],{"class":71},[61,31060,504],{"class":503},[61,31062,7958],{"class":507},[61,31064,504],{"class":503},[61,31066,153],{"class":75},[20,31068,31069],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31071,368],{},[52,31073,31075],{"className":54,"code":31074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31076,31077,31097,31119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31078,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31080,9449],{"class":67},[61,31082,72],{"class":71},[61,31084,76],{"class":75},[61,31086,504],{"class":503},[61,31088,214],{"class":507},[61,31090,504],{"class":503},[61,31092,192],{"class":75},[61,31094,1720],{"class":79},[61,31096,94],{"class":75},[61,31098,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31100,9488],{"class":67},[61,31102,140],{"class":75},[61,31104,1419],{"class":143},[61,31106,5809],{"class":75},[61,31108,504],{"class":503},[61,31110,214],{"class":507},[61,31112,504],{"class":503},[61,31114,192],{"class":75},[61,31116,6285],{"class":79},[61,31118,30771],{"class":75},[61,31120,31121,31123,31125,31127],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31122,160],{"class":159},[61,31124,147],{"class":75},[61,31126,9488],{"class":143},[61,31128,153],{"class":75},[20,31130,1598],{},[52,31132,31134],{"className":54,"code":31133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31135,31136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31137,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31139,627],{"class":75},[61,31141,630],{"class":503},[61,31143,214],{"class":507},[61,31145,630],{"class":503},[61,31147,192],{"class":75},[61,31149,6285],{"class":79},[61,31151,94],{"class":75},[47,31153,716,31155,31157],{"id":31154},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31156,1313],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31159,31160,31161,140],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31162,1313],{},[20,31164,31165],{},"It is useful when:",[29,31167,31168,31171,31174],{},[32,31169,31170],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[32,31172,31173],{},"Adding extra settings",[32,31175,31176],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31178,368],{},[52,31180,31182],{"className":54,"code":31181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31183,31184,31221,31258,31262,31277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31185,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31187,14106],{"class":67},[61,31189,72],{"class":71},[61,31191,76],{"class":75},[61,31193,504],{"class":503},[61,31195,12775],{"class":507},[61,31197,504],{"class":503},[61,31199,192],{"class":75},[61,31201,515],{"class":503},[61,31203,21207],{"class":507},[61,31205,504],{"class":503},[61,31207,83],{"class":75},[61,31209,515],{"class":503},[61,31211,14131],{"class":507},[61,31213,504],{"class":503},[61,31215,192],{"class":75},[61,31217,31218],{"class":79}," 12",[61,31220,94],{"class":75},[61,31222,31223,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31224,31225],{"class":67},"new_settings ",[61,31227,72],{"class":71},[61,31229,76],{"class":75},[61,31231,504],{"class":503},[61,31233,14131],{"class":507},[61,31235,504],{"class":503},[61,31237,192],{"class":75},[61,31239,14138],{"class":79},[61,31241,83],{"class":75},[61,31243,515],{"class":503},[61,31245,20402],{"class":507},[61,31247,504],{"class":503},[61,31249,192],{"class":75},[61,31251,515],{"class":503},[61,31253,20436],{"class":507},[61,31255,504],{"class":503},[61,31257,94],{"class":75},[61,31259,31260],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31261,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,31263,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31275],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,31265,14165],{"class":67},[61,31267,140],{"class":75},[61,31269,1419],{"class":143},[61,31271,147],{"class":75},[61,31273,31274],{"class":143},"new_settings",[61,31276,153],{"class":75},[61,31278,31279,31281,31283,31285],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,31280,160],{"class":159},[61,31282,147],{"class":75},[61,31284,14165],{"class":143},[61,31286,153],{"class":75},[20,31288,1598],{},[52,31290,31292],{"className":54,"code":31291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31293,31294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31297,627],{"class":75},[61,31299,630],{"class":503},[61,31301,12775],{"class":507},[61,31303,630],{"class":503},[61,31305,192],{"class":75},[61,31307,639],{"class":503},[61,31309,21207],{"class":507},[61,31311,630],{"class":503},[61,31313,83],{"class":75},[61,31315,639],{"class":503},[61,31317,14131],{"class":507},[61,31319,630],{"class":503},[61,31321,192],{"class":75},[61,31323,14138],{"class":79},[61,31325,83],{"class":75},[61,31327,639],{"class":503},[61,31329,20402],{"class":507},[61,31331,630],{"class":503},[61,31333,192],{"class":75},[61,31335,639],{"class":503},[61,31337,20436],{"class":507},[61,31339,630],{"class":503},[61,31341,94],{"class":75},[20,31343,13690],{},[29,31345,31346,31351],{},[32,31347,31348,31350],{},[15,31349,14131],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[32,31352,31353,31355],{},[15,31354,20402],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31357,31358,31359,140],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[214,31360,31362],{"href":31361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[47,31364,716,31366,31368],{"id":31365},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31367,1313],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31370,31371,31373],{},[15,31372,1313],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31375,31376],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[52,31378,31380],{"className":54,"code":31379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31381,31382,31402,31437,31441,31455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31383,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31385,5343],{"class":67},[61,31387,72],{"class":71},[61,31389,76],{"class":75},[61,31391,504],{"class":503},[61,31393,18696],{"class":507},[61,31395,504],{"class":503},[61,31397,192],{"class":75},[61,31399,20177],{"class":79},[61,31401,94],{"class":75},[61,31403,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31429,31431,31433,31435],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31405,9499],{"class":67},[61,31407,72],{"class":71},[61,31409,9504],{"class":75},[61,31411,504],{"class":503},[61,31413,18705],{"class":507},[61,31415,504],{"class":503},[61,31417,83],{"class":75},[61,31419,13788],{"class":79},[61,31421,9517],{"class":75},[61,31423,1058],{"class":75},[61,31425,504],{"class":503},[61,31427,31428],{"class":507},"english",[61,31430,504],{"class":503},[61,31432,83],{"class":75},[61,31434,29196],{"class":79},[61,31436,9532],{"class":75},[61,31438,31439],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31440,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,31442,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,31444,16668],{"class":67},[61,31446,140],{"class":75},[61,31448,1419],{"class":143},[61,31450,147],{"class":75},[61,31452,9545],{"class":143},[61,31454,153],{"class":75},[61,31456,31457,31459,31461,31463],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,31458,160],{"class":159},[61,31460,147],{"class":75},[61,31462,16668],{"class":143},[61,31464,153],{"class":75},[20,31466,1598],{},[52,31468,31470],{"className":54,"code":31469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31471,31472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31473,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31475,627],{"class":75},[61,31477,630],{"class":503},[61,31479,18696],{"class":507},[61,31481,630],{"class":503},[61,31483,192],{"class":75},[61,31485,20177],{"class":79},[61,31487,83],{"class":75},[61,31489,639],{"class":503},[61,31491,18705],{"class":507},[61,31493,630],{"class":503},[61,31495,192],{"class":75},[61,31497,13788],{"class":79},[61,31499,83],{"class":75},[61,31501,639],{"class":503},[61,31503,31428],{"class":507},[61,31505,630],{"class":503},[61,31507,192],{"class":75},[61,31509,29196],{"class":79},[61,31511,94],{"class":75},[20,31513,31514],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[29,31516,31517,31520],{},[32,31518,31519],{},"The key",[32,31521,31522],{},"The value",[20,31524,31525],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31527,31528],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[52,31530,31532],{"className":54,"code":31531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31533,31534,31554,31579,31583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31535,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31537,9449],{"class":67},[61,31539,72],{"class":71},[61,31541,76],{"class":75},[61,31543,504],{"class":503},[61,31545,214],{"class":507},[61,31547,504],{"class":503},[61,31549,192],{"class":75},[61,31551,1720],{"class":79},[61,31553,94],{"class":75},[61,31555,31556,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31557,31558],{"class":67},"bad_pairs ",[61,31560,72],{"class":71},[61,31562,9504],{"class":75},[61,31564,504],{"class":503},[61,31566,329],{"class":507},[61,31568,504],{"class":503},[61,31570,83],{"class":75},[61,31572,86],{"class":79},[61,31574,83],{"class":75},[61,31576,91],{"class":79},[61,31578,9532],{"class":75},[61,31580,31581],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31582,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,31584,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31596],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,31586,9488],{"class":67},[61,31588,140],{"class":75},[61,31590,1419],{"class":143},[61,31592,147],{"class":75},[61,31594,31595],{"class":143},"bad_pairs",[61,31597,153],{"class":75},[20,31599,31600],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31602,31603],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[47,31605,31607],{"id":31606},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31609,31610],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[52,31612,31614],{"className":54,"code":31613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31615,31616,31640,31672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31617,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31619,11767],{"class":67},[61,31621,72],{"class":71},[61,31623,76],{"class":75},[61,31625,504],{"class":503},[61,31627,7949],{"class":507},[61,31629,504],{"class":503},[61,31631,192],{"class":75},[61,31633,515],{"class":503},[61,31635,29189],{"class":507},[61,31637,504],{"class":503},[61,31639,94],{"class":75},[61,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31661,31663,31665,31668,31670],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31643,11861],{"class":67},[61,31645,140],{"class":75},[61,31647,1419],{"class":143},[61,31649,147],{"class":75},[61,31651,9581],{"class":9459},[61,31653,72],{"class":71},[61,31655,9477],{"class":79},[61,31657,83],{"class":75},[61,31659,31660],{"class":9459}," city",[61,31662,72],{"class":71},[61,31664,504],{"class":503},[61,31666,31667],{"class":507},"Madrid",[61,31669,504],{"class":503},[61,31671,153],{"class":75},[61,31673,31674,31676,31678,31680],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31675,160],{"class":159},[61,31677,147],{"class":75},[61,31679,11861],{"class":143},[61,31681,153],{"class":75},[20,31683,1598],{},[52,31685,31687],{"className":54,"code":31686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31688,31689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31690,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31692,627],{"class":75},[61,31694,630],{"class":503},[61,31696,7949],{"class":507},[61,31698,630],{"class":503},[61,31700,192],{"class":75},[61,31702,639],{"class":503},[61,31704,29189],{"class":507},[61,31706,630],{"class":503},[61,31708,83],{"class":75},[61,31710,639],{"class":503},[61,31712,9581],{"class":507},[61,31714,630],{"class":503},[61,31716,192],{"class":75},[61,31718,9588],{"class":79},[61,31720,83],{"class":75},[61,31722,639],{"class":503},[61,31724,10690],{"class":507},[61,31726,630],{"class":503},[61,31728,192],{"class":75},[61,31730,639],{"class":503},[61,31732,31667],{"class":507},[61,31734,630],{"class":503},[61,31736,94],{"class":75},[20,31738,31739],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31741,31742],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31744,31745],{},"These work:",[29,31747,31748,31752,31756],{},[32,31749,31750],{},[15,31751,9581],{},[32,31753,31754],{},[15,31755,10690],{},[32,31757,31758],{},[15,31759,31760],{},"first_name",[20,31762,31763],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[29,31765,31766,31771],{},[32,31767,31768],{},[15,31769,31770],{},"\"first name\"",[32,31772,31773],{},[15,31774,31775],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31777,31778],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[52,31780,31782],{"className":54,"code":31781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31783,31784,31792,31832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31785,31786,31788,31790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31787,11767],{"class":67},[61,31789,72],{"class":71},[61,31791,10119],{"class":75},[61,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31823,31825,31827,31830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31795,11861],{"class":67},[61,31797,140],{"class":75},[61,31799,1419],{"class":143},[61,31801,5809],{"class":75},[61,31803,504],{"class":503},[61,31805,10793],{"class":507},[61,31807,504],{"class":503},[61,31809,192],{"class":75},[61,31811,515],{"class":503},[61,31813,29189],{"class":507},[61,31815,504],{"class":503},[61,31817,83],{"class":75},[61,31819,515],{"class":503},[61,31821,31822],{"class":507},"user-id",[61,31824,504],{"class":503},[61,31826,192],{"class":75},[61,31828,31829],{"class":79}," 1001",[61,31831,30771],{"class":75},[61,31833,31834,31836,31838,31840],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31835,160],{"class":159},[61,31837,147],{"class":75},[61,31839,11861],{"class":143},[61,31841,153],{"class":75},[47,31843,17698],{"id":17697},[20,31845,31846,2680,31848,140],{},[15,31847,1313],{},[15,31849,4058],{},[20,31851,14329],{},[20,31853,24984],{},[52,31855,31857],{"className":54,"code":31856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31858,31859,31883,31909,31913,31923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31860,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31862,13485],{"class":67},[61,31864,72],{"class":71},[61,31866,76],{"class":75},[61,31868,504],{"class":503},[61,31870,7949],{"class":507},[61,31872,504],{"class":503},[61,31874,192],{"class":75},[61,31876,515],{"class":503},[61,31878,13161],{"class":507},[61,31880,504],{"class":503},[61,31882,94],{"class":75},[61,31884,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31886,132],{"class":67},[61,31888,72],{"class":71},[61,31890,13528],{"class":67},[61,31892,140],{"class":75},[61,31894,1419],{"class":143},[61,31896,5809],{"class":75},[61,31898,504],{"class":503},[61,31900,9581],{"class":507},[61,31902,504],{"class":503},[61,31904,192],{"class":75},[61,31906,8072],{"class":79},[61,31908,30771],{"class":75},[61,31910,31911],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,31912,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,31914,31915,31917,31919,31921],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,31916,160],{"class":159},[61,31918,147],{"class":75},[61,31920,165],{"class":143},[61,31922,153],{"class":75},[61,31924,31925,31927,31929,31931],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,31926,160],{"class":159},[61,31928,147],{"class":75},[61,31930,17586],{"class":143},[61,31932,153],{"class":75},[20,31934,1598],{},[52,31936,31938],{"className":54,"code":31937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31939,31940,31944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31941,31942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31943,12088],{"class":4133},[61,31945,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31947,627],{"class":75},[61,31949,630],{"class":503},[61,31951,7949],{"class":507},[61,31953,630],{"class":503},[61,31955,192],{"class":75},[61,31957,639],{"class":503},[61,31959,13161],{"class":507},[61,31961,630],{"class":503},[61,31963,83],{"class":75},[61,31965,639],{"class":503},[61,31967,9581],{"class":507},[61,31969,630],{"class":503},[61,31971,192],{"class":75},[61,31973,8072],{"class":79},[61,31975,94],{"class":75},[20,31977,16935],{},[52,31979,31981],{"className":54,"code":31980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31982,31983,32007,32029,32033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31984,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31986,13485],{"class":67},[61,31988,72],{"class":71},[61,31990,76],{"class":75},[61,31992,504],{"class":503},[61,31994,7949],{"class":507},[61,31996,504],{"class":503},[61,31998,192],{"class":75},[61,32000,515],{"class":503},[61,32002,13161],{"class":507},[61,32004,504],{"class":503},[61,32006,94],{"class":75},[61,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32010,17586],{"class":67},[61,32012,140],{"class":75},[61,32014,1419],{"class":143},[61,32016,5809],{"class":75},[61,32018,504],{"class":503},[61,32020,9581],{"class":507},[61,32022,504],{"class":503},[61,32024,192],{"class":75},[61,32026,8072],{"class":79},[61,32028,30771],{"class":75},[61,32030,32031],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,32032,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,32036,160],{"class":159},[61,32038,147],{"class":75},[61,32040,17586],{"class":143},[61,32042,153],{"class":75},[20,32044,1598],{},[52,32046,32048],{"className":54,"code":32047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32049,32050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32051,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32053,627],{"class":75},[61,32055,630],{"class":503},[61,32057,7949],{"class":507},[61,32059,630],{"class":503},[61,32061,192],{"class":75},[61,32063,639],{"class":503},[61,32065,13161],{"class":507},[61,32067,630],{"class":503},[61,32069,83],{"class":75},[61,32071,639],{"class":503},[61,32073,9581],{"class":507},[61,32075,630],{"class":503},[61,32077,192],{"class":75},[61,32079,8072],{"class":79},[61,32081,94],{"class":75},[20,32083,32084,32085,140],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[214,32086,18184],{"href":11011},[47,32088,5240,32090],{"id":32089},"when-to-use-update",[15,32091,1313],{},[20,32093,1503,32094,10881],{},[15,32095,1313],{},[29,32097,32098,32101,32104,32107],{},[32,32099,32100],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[32,32102,32103],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[32,32105,32106],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[32,32108,32109],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32111,32112],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[52,32114,32116],{"className":54,"code":32115,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32117,32118,32154,32169,32173,32212,32216,32226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32119,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32121,12366],{"class":67},[61,32123,72],{"class":71},[61,32125,76],{"class":75},[61,32127,504],{"class":503},[61,32129,7949],{"class":507},[61,32131,504],{"class":503},[61,32133,192],{"class":75},[61,32135,515],{"class":503},[61,32137,13161],{"class":507},[61,32139,504],{"class":503},[61,32141,83],{"class":75},[61,32143,515],{"class":503},[61,32145,9581],{"class":507},[61,32147,504],{"class":503},[61,32149,192],{"class":75},[61,32151,8072],{"class":79},[61,32153,94],{"class":75},[61,32155,32156,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32157,32158],{"class":67},"updated ",[61,32160,72],{"class":71},[61,32162,12441],{"class":67},[61,32164,140],{"class":75},[61,32166,13192],{"class":143},[61,32168,8926],{"class":75},[61,32170,32171],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,32172,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32174,32175,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,32176,32177],{"class":67},"updated",[61,32179,140],{"class":75},[61,32181,1419],{"class":143},[61,32183,5809],{"class":75},[61,32185,504],{"class":503},[61,32187,9581],{"class":507},[61,32189,504],{"class":503},[61,32191,192],{"class":75},[61,32193,30752],{"class":79},[61,32195,83],{"class":75},[61,32197,515],{"class":503},[61,32199,10690],{"class":507},[61,32201,504],{"class":503},[61,32203,192],{"class":75},[61,32205,515],{"class":503},[61,32207,16310],{"class":507},[61,32209,504],{"class":503},[61,32211,30771],{"class":75},[61,32213,32214],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,32215,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32217,32218,32220,32222,32224],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,32219,160],{"class":159},[61,32221,147],{"class":75},[61,32223,12413],{"class":143},[61,32225,153],{"class":75},[61,32227,32228,32230,32232,32234],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,32229,160],{"class":159},[61,32231,147],{"class":75},[61,32233,32177],{"class":143},[61,32235,153],{"class":75},[20,32237,1598],{},[52,32239,32241],{"className":54,"code":32240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32242,32243,32275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32244,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32246,627],{"class":75},[61,32248,630],{"class":503},[61,32250,7949],{"class":507},[61,32252,630],{"class":503},[61,32254,192],{"class":75},[61,32256,639],{"class":503},[61,32258,13161],{"class":507},[61,32260,630],{"class":503},[61,32262,83],{"class":75},[61,32264,639],{"class":503},[61,32266,9581],{"class":507},[61,32268,630],{"class":503},[61,32270,192],{"class":75},[61,32272,8072],{"class":79},[61,32274,94],{"class":75},[61,32276,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32278,627],{"class":75},[61,32280,630],{"class":503},[61,32282,7949],{"class":507},[61,32284,630],{"class":503},[61,32286,192],{"class":75},[61,32288,639],{"class":503},[61,32290,13161],{"class":507},[61,32292,630],{"class":503},[61,32294,83],{"class":75},[61,32296,639],{"class":503},[61,32298,9581],{"class":507},[61,32300,630],{"class":503},[61,32302,192],{"class":75},[61,32304,30752],{"class":79},[61,32306,83],{"class":75},[61,32308,639],{"class":503},[61,32310,10690],{"class":507},[61,32312,630],{"class":503},[61,32314,192],{"class":75},[61,32316,639],{"class":503},[61,32318,16310],{"class":507},[61,32320,630],{"class":503},[61,32322,94],{"class":75},[20,32324,32325,32326,140],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[214,32327,16877],{"href":16876},[47,32329,3111],{"id":3110},[20,32331,11027,32332,192],{},[15,32333,1313],{},[29,32335,32336,32343,32347,32350,32353],{},[32,32337,12875,32338,32340,32341],{},[15,32339,1313],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32342,4058],{},[32,32344,1524,32345,12883],{},[15,32346,1313],{},[32,32348,32349],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[32,32351,32352],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[32,32354,32355],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32357,32358],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[52,32360,32362],{"className":54,"code":32361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32363,32364,32374,32388,32402,32424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32365,32366,32368,32370,32372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32367,160],{"class":159},[61,32369,147],{"class":75},[61,32371,11730],{"class":143},[61,32373,153],{"class":75},[61,32375,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32377,160],{"class":159},[61,32379,147],{"class":75},[61,32381,2072],{"class":2071},[61,32383,147],{"class":75},[61,32385,9488],{"class":143},[61,32387,1761],{"class":75},[61,32389,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,32391,160],{"class":159},[61,32393,147],{"class":75},[61,32395,8377],{"class":2071},[61,32397,147],{"class":75},[61,32399,9488],{"class":143},[61,32401,1761],{"class":75},[61,32403,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,32405,160],{"class":159},[61,32407,147],{"class":75},[61,32409,11730],{"class":143},[61,32411,140],{"class":75},[61,32413,20029],{"class":143},[61,32415,147],{"class":75},[61,32417,630],{"class":503},[61,32419,15122],{"class":507},[61,32421,630],{"class":503},[61,32423,1761],{"class":75},[61,32425,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,32427,2093],{"class":159},[61,32429,147],{"class":75},[61,32431,9104],{"class":2071},[61,32433,140],{"class":75},[61,32435,1419],{"class":2103},[61,32437,153],{"class":75},[20,32439,32440],{},"These can help you check:",[29,32442,32443,32446,32451,32454,32457],{},[32,32444,32445],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[32,32447,32448,32449],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32450,1313],{},[32,32452,32453],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[32,32455,32456],{},"Whether a key exists",[32,32458,32459],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32461,32462,32463,140],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[214,32464,11543],{"href":11354},[47,32466,2109],{"id":2108},[887,32468,2113,32470,32472],{"id":32469},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32471,1313],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32474,32475,32476,140],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32477,4058],{},[887,32479,2113,32481,32483],{"id":32480},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32482,1313],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32485,32486],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[887,32488,2123,32490,32492],{"id":32489},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32491,1313],{}," add new keys?",[20,32494,32495],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[887,32497,2133,32499,32501],{"id":32498},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32500,1313],{}," with a list?",[20,32503,32504,32505,140],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32506,11375],{},[887,32508,2153,32510,32512],{"id":32509},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32511,1313],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32514,32515,32516,32518],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32517,1313],{}," can change many keys at once.",[47,32520,2172],{"id":2171},[29,32522,32523,32527,32531,32536,32540],{},[32,32524,32525],{},[214,32526,26371],{"href":9672},[32,32528,32529],{},[214,32530,11532],{"href":11011},[32,32532,32533],{},[214,32534,32535],{"href":31361},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,32537,32538],{},[214,32539,21736],{"href":16876},[32,32541,32542],{},[214,32543,11543],{"href":11354},[2204,32545,32546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":32548},[32549,32550,32552,32553,32555,32557,32558,32559,32561,32562,32574],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":30794,"depth":97,"text":32551},"What update() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":31154,"depth":97,"text":32554},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31365,"depth":97,"text":32556},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31606,"depth":97,"text":31607},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":32089,"depth":97,"text":32560},"When to use update()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":32563},[32564,32566,32568,32570,32572],{"id":32469,"depth":122,"text":32565},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32480,"depth":122,"text":32567},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32489,"depth":122,"text":32569},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32498,"depth":122,"text":32571},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32509,"depth":122,"text":32573},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30673,"description":32575},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32581,"title":32582,"body":32583,"description":34571,"extension":2249,"meta":34572,"navigation":125,"path":23170,"seo":34573,"stem":34574,"__hash__":34575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32584,"toc":34534},[32585,32590,32597,32600,32602,32701,32703,32758,32763,32768,32782,32787,32789,32804,32806,32820,32833,32838,32844,32851,32853,32960,32962,33011,33017,33092,33094,33115,33117,33120,33225,33227,33282,33284,33312,33316,33321,33400,33402,33422,33424,33435,33445,33449,33454,33557,33559,33584,33587,33598,33603,33612,33615,33632,33634,33721,33723,33786,33788,33811,33813,33818,33824,33829,33831,33870,33876,33879,33898,33909,33915,33918,33991,33993,34012,34017,34020,34043,34049,34052,34116,34119,34196,34203,34206,34265,34271,34273,34292,34296,34299,34350,34353,34373,34375,34436,34438,34443,34448,34453,34458,34463,34468,34474,34477,34486,34494,34496,34531],[10,32586,11599,32588,18],{"id":32587},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32589,17351],{},[20,32591,32592,32593,32596],{},"The Python ",[15,32594,32595],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32598,32599],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[47,32601,50],{"id":49},[52,32603,32605],{"className":54,"code":32604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32606,32607,32659,32673,32677,32687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32608,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32610,13144],{"class":67},[61,32612,72],{"class":71},[61,32614,76],{"class":75},[61,32616,504],{"class":503},[61,32618,7949],{"class":507},[61,32620,504],{"class":503},[61,32622,192],{"class":75},[61,32624,515],{"class":503},[61,32626,13161],{"class":507},[61,32628,504],{"class":503},[61,32630,83],{"class":75},[61,32632,515],{"class":503},[61,32634,9581],{"class":507},[61,32636,504],{"class":503},[61,32638,192],{"class":75},[61,32640,8072],{"class":79},[61,32642,83],{"class":75},[61,32644,515],{"class":503},[61,32646,10690],{"class":507},[61,32648,504],{"class":503},[61,32650,192],{"class":75},[61,32652,515],{"class":503},[61,32654,16310],{"class":507},[61,32656,504],{"class":503},[61,32658,94],{"class":75},[61,32660,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32662,4103],{"class":67},[61,32664,72],{"class":71},[61,32666,13187],{"class":67},[61,32668,140],{"class":75},[61,32670,5638],{"class":143},[61,32672,8926],{"class":75},[61,32674,32675],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,32676,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32678,32679,32681,32683,32685],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,32680,160],{"class":159},[61,32682,147],{"class":75},[61,32684,5638],{"class":143},[61,32686,153],{"class":75},[61,32688,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,32690,160],{"class":159},[61,32692,147],{"class":75},[61,32694,8377],{"class":2071},[61,32696,147],{"class":75},[61,32698,5638],{"class":143},[61,32700,1761],{"class":75},[20,32702,1598],{},[52,32704,32706],{"className":54,"code":32705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32707,32708,32734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32709,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32711,17317],{"class":143},[61,32713,1878],{"class":75},[61,32715,630],{"class":503},[61,32717,13161],{"class":507},[61,32719,630],{"class":503},[61,32721,83],{"class":75},[61,32723,8072],{"class":79},[61,32725,83],{"class":75},[61,32727,639],{"class":503},[61,32729,16310],{"class":507},[61,32731,630],{"class":503},[61,32733,1887],{"class":75},[61,32735,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32737,4182],{"class":75},[61,32739,630],{"class":503},[61,32741,13161],{"class":507},[61,32743,630],{"class":503},[61,32745,83],{"class":75},[61,32747,8072],{"class":79},[61,32749,83],{"class":75},[61,32751,639],{"class":503},[61,32753,16310],{"class":507},[61,32755,630],{"class":503},[61,32757,943],{"class":75},[20,32759,32760,32762],{},[15,32761,17351],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[47,32764,184,32766,187],{"id":32765},"what-values-does",[15,32767,17351],{},[29,32769,32770,32773,32776,32779],{},[32,32771,32772],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[32,32774,32775],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[32,32777,32778],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[32,32780,32781],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32783,32784,32785,140],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[214,32786,9673],{"href":9672},[47,32788,221],{"id":220},[52,32790,32792],{"className":54,"code":32791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32793,32794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32795,32796,32798,32800,32802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32797,11730],{"class":67},[61,32799,140],{"class":75},[61,32801,5638],{"class":143},[61,32803,8926],{"class":75},[20,32805,254],{},[29,32807,32808,32812,32815],{},[32,32809,32810,11746],{},[15,32811,17351],{},[32,32813,32814],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[32,32816,32817,32818],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32819,17351],{},[20,32821,32822,32823,700,32828,140],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[214,32824,32825,32827],{"href":17342},[15,32826,17345],{}," for dictionary keys",[214,32829,32830,32832],{"href":17354},[15,32831,17357],{}," for key-value pairs",[47,32834,184,32836,11985],{"id":32835},"what-values-returns",[15,32837,17351],{},[20,32839,32840,22252,32842,25039],{},[15,32841,17351],{},[15,32843,17317],{},[20,32845,32846,32847,32850],{},"This object is a ",[39,32848,32849],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32852,368],{},[52,32854,32856],{"className":54,"code":32855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32857,32858,32894,32898,32913,32924,32928,32950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32859,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32861,13485],{"class":67},[61,32863,72],{"class":71},[61,32865,76],{"class":75},[61,32867,504],{"class":503},[61,32869,7949],{"class":507},[61,32871,504],{"class":503},[61,32873,192],{"class":75},[61,32875,515],{"class":503},[61,32877,8204],{"class":507},[61,32879,504],{"class":503},[61,32881,83],{"class":75},[61,32883,515],{"class":503},[61,32885,9581],{"class":507},[61,32887,504],{"class":503},[61,32889,192],{"class":75},[61,32891,9588],{"class":79},[61,32893,94],{"class":75},[61,32895,32896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32897,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32899,32900,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,32901,32902],{"class":67},"values_view ",[61,32904,72],{"class":71},[61,32906,13528],{"class":67},[61,32908,140],{"class":75},[61,32910,5638],{"class":143},[61,32912,8926],{"class":75},[61,32914,32915,32917,32919,32922],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,32916,160],{"class":159},[61,32918,147],{"class":75},[61,32920,32921],{"class":143},"values_view",[61,32923,153],{"class":75},[61,32925,32926],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,32927,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,32929,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,32931,17586],{"class":67},[61,32933,4182],{"class":75},[61,32935,504],{"class":503},[61,32937,10690],{"class":507},[61,32939,504],{"class":503},[61,32941,13554],{"class":75},[61,32943,13557],{"class":71},[61,32945,515],{"class":503},[61,32947,30918],{"class":507},[61,32949,3639],{"class":503},[61,32951,32952,32954,32956,32958],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,32953,160],{"class":159},[61,32955,147],{"class":75},[61,32957,32921],{"class":143},[61,32959,153],{"class":75},[20,32961,1598],{},[52,32963,32965],{"className":54,"code":32964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32966,32967,32985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32968,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32970,17317],{"class":143},[61,32972,1878],{"class":75},[61,32974,630],{"class":503},[61,32976,8204],{"class":507},[61,32978,630],{"class":503},[61,32980,83],{"class":75},[61,32982,9588],{"class":79},[61,32984,1887],{"class":75},[61,32986,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32988,17317],{"class":143},[61,32990,1878],{"class":75},[61,32992,630],{"class":503},[61,32994,8204],{"class":507},[61,32996,630],{"class":503},[61,32998,83],{"class":75},[61,33000,9588],{"class":79},[61,33002,83],{"class":75},[61,33004,639],{"class":503},[61,33006,30918],{"class":507},[61,33008,630],{"class":503},[61,33010,1887],{"class":75},[20,33012,33013,33014,140],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33015,33016],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[52,33018,33020],{"className":54,"code":33019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33021,33022,33058,33077,33081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33025,13485],{"class":67},[61,33027,72],{"class":71},[61,33029,76],{"class":75},[61,33031,504],{"class":503},[61,33033,7949],{"class":507},[61,33035,504],{"class":503},[61,33037,192],{"class":75},[61,33039,515],{"class":503},[61,33041,8204],{"class":507},[61,33043,504],{"class":503},[61,33045,83],{"class":75},[61,33047,515],{"class":503},[61,33049,9581],{"class":507},[61,33051,504],{"class":503},[61,33053,192],{"class":75},[61,33055,9588],{"class":79},[61,33057,94],{"class":75},[61,33059,33060,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33061,33062],{"class":67},"values_list ",[61,33064,72],{"class":71},[61,33066,22835],{"class":2071},[61,33068,147],{"class":75},[61,33070,17586],{"class":143},[61,33072,140],{"class":75},[61,33074,5638],{"class":143},[61,33076,7474],{"class":75},[61,33078,33079],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33080,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33082,33083,33085,33087,33090],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33084,160],{"class":159},[61,33086,147],{"class":75},[61,33088,33089],{"class":143},"values_list",[61,33091,153],{"class":75},[20,33093,1598],{},[52,33095,33097],{"className":54,"code":33096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33098,33099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33100,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33102,4182],{"class":75},[61,33104,630],{"class":503},[61,33106,8204],{"class":507},[61,33108,630],{"class":503},[61,33110,83],{"class":75},[61,33112,9588],{"class":79},[61,33114,943],{"class":75},[47,33116,483],{"id":482},[20,33118,33119],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[52,33121,33123],{"className":54,"code":33122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33124,33125,33179,33183,33197,33201,33211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33126,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33160,33162,33164,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33128,25071],{"class":67},[61,33130,72],{"class":71},[61,33132,76],{"class":75},[61,33134,504],{"class":503},[61,33136,25080],{"class":507},[61,33138,504],{"class":503},[61,33140,192],{"class":75},[61,33142,515],{"class":503},[61,33144,25089],{"class":507},[61,33146,504],{"class":503},[61,33148,83],{"class":75},[61,33150,515],{"class":503},[61,33152,25098],{"class":507},[61,33154,504],{"class":503},[61,33156,192],{"class":75},[61,33158,33159],{"class":79}," 2022",[61,33161,83],{"class":75},[61,33163,515],{"class":503},[61,33165,33166],{"class":507},"color",[61,33168,504],{"class":503},[61,33170,192],{"class":75},[61,33172,515],{"class":503},[61,33174,13390],{"class":507},[61,33176,504],{"class":503},[61,33178,94],{"class":75},[61,33180,33181],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33182,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33184,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33186,132],{"class":67},[61,33188,72],{"class":71},[61,33190,25120],{"class":67},[61,33192,140],{"class":75},[61,33194,5638],{"class":143},[61,33196,8926],{"class":75},[61,33198,33199],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33200,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33202,33203,33205,33207,33209],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,33204,160],{"class":159},[61,33206,147],{"class":75},[61,33208,165],{"class":143},[61,33210,153],{"class":75},[61,33212,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,33214,160],{"class":159},[61,33216,147],{"class":75},[61,33218,8377],{"class":2071},[61,33220,147],{"class":75},[61,33222,165],{"class":143},[61,33224,1761],{"class":75},[20,33226,1598],{},[52,33228,33230],{"className":54,"code":33229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33231,33232,33258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33233,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33235,17317],{"class":143},[61,33237,1878],{"class":75},[61,33239,630],{"class":503},[61,33241,25089],{"class":507},[61,33243,630],{"class":503},[61,33245,83],{"class":75},[61,33247,33159],{"class":79},[61,33249,83],{"class":75},[61,33251,639],{"class":503},[61,33253,13390],{"class":507},[61,33255,630],{"class":503},[61,33257,1887],{"class":75},[61,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33261,4182],{"class":75},[61,33263,630],{"class":503},[61,33265,25089],{"class":507},[61,33267,630],{"class":503},[61,33269,83],{"class":75},[61,33271,33159],{"class":79},[61,33273,83],{"class":75},[61,33275,639],{"class":503},[61,33277,13390],{"class":507},[61,33279,630],{"class":503},[61,33281,943],{"class":75},[20,33283,11963],{},[29,33285,33286,33292,33298,33306],{},[32,33287,33288,33291],{},[15,33289,33290],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[32,33293,33294,33297],{},[15,33295,33296],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[32,33299,33300,33303,33304,24893],{},[15,33301,33302],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33305,17317],{},[32,33307,33308,33311],{},[15,33309,33310],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[47,33313,33315],{"id":33314},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33317,33318,33319,26340],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33320,6238],{},[52,33322,33324],{"className":54,"code":33323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33325,33326,33370,33374,33390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33327,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33329,5343],{"class":67},[61,33331,72],{"class":71},[61,33333,76],{"class":75},[61,33335,504],{"class":503},[61,33337,18696],{"class":507},[61,33339,504],{"class":503},[61,33341,192],{"class":75},[61,33343,20177],{"class":79},[61,33345,83],{"class":75},[61,33347,515],{"class":503},[61,33349,31428],{"class":507},[61,33351,504],{"class":503},[61,33353,192],{"class":75},[61,33355,13788],{"class":79},[61,33357,83],{"class":75},[61,33359,515],{"class":503},[61,33361,18705],{"class":507},[61,33363,504],{"class":503},[61,33365,192],{"class":75},[61,33367,29196],{"class":79},[61,33369,94],{"class":75},[61,33371,33372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33373,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33375,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33377,6238],{"class":4158},[61,33379,21863],{"class":67},[61,33381,4165],{"class":4158},[61,33383,5390],{"class":67},[61,33385,140],{"class":75},[61,33387,5638],{"class":143},[61,33389,21874],{"class":75},[61,33391,33392,33394,33396,33398],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33393,8352],{"class":159},[61,33395,147],{"class":75},[61,33397,2755],{"class":143},[61,33399,153],{"class":75},[20,33401,1598],{},[52,33403,33405],{"className":54,"code":33404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33406,33407,33412,33417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33408,33409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33410,33411],{"class":79},"90\n",[61,33413,33414],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33415,33416],{"class":79},"85\n",[61,33418,33419],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33420,33421],{"class":79},"88\n",[20,33423,17990],{},[29,33425,33426,33429,33432],{},[32,33427,33428],{},"You only need the values",[32,33430,33431],{},"You do not care about the keys",[32,33433,33434],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33436,33437,33438,3159,33442,140],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[214,33439,11017,33440,1516],{"href":17354},[15,33441,17357],{},[214,33443,22751],{"href":33444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[47,33446,33448],{"id":33447},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33450,1503,33451,33453],{},[15,33452,33016],{}," when you need a list.",[52,33455,33457],{"className":54,"code":33456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33458,33459,33504,33508,33528,33532,33543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33460,33461,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33462,33463],{"class":67},"fruit_prices ",[61,33465,72],{"class":71},[61,33467,76],{"class":75},[61,33469,504],{"class":503},[61,33471,508],{"class":507},[61,33473,504],{"class":503},[61,33475,192],{"class":75},[61,33477,86],{"class":79},[61,33479,83],{"class":75},[61,33481,515],{"class":503},[61,33483,518],{"class":507},[61,33485,504],{"class":503},[61,33487,192],{"class":75},[61,33489,1720],{"class":79},[61,33491,83],{"class":75},[61,33493,515],{"class":503},[61,33495,527],{"class":507},[61,33497,504],{"class":503},[61,33499,192],{"class":75},[61,33501,91],{"class":79},[61,33503,94],{"class":75},[61,33505,33506],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33507,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33509,33510,33513,33515,33517,33519,33522,33524,33526],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33511,33512],{"class":67},"price_list ",[61,33514,72],{"class":71},[61,33516,22835],{"class":2071},[61,33518,147],{"class":75},[61,33520,33521],{"class":143},"fruit_prices",[61,33523,140],{"class":75},[61,33525,5638],{"class":143},[61,33527,7474],{"class":75},[61,33529,33530],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33531,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33533,33534,33536,33538,33541],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,33535,160],{"class":159},[61,33537,147],{"class":75},[61,33539,33540],{"class":143},"price_list",[61,33542,153],{"class":75},[61,33544,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,33546,160],{"class":159},[61,33548,147],{"class":75},[61,33550,33540],{"class":143},[61,33552,4182],{"class":75},[61,33554,2405],{"class":79},[61,33556,1887],{"class":75},[20,33558,1598],{},[52,33560,33562],{"className":54,"code":33561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33563,33564,33580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33565,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33567,4182],{"class":75},[61,33569,301],{"class":79},[61,33571,83],{"class":75},[61,33573,1720],{"class":79},[61,33575,83],{"class":75},[61,33577,91],{"class":79},[61,33579,943],{"class":75},[61,33581,33582],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33583,17336],{"class":79},[20,33585,33586],{},"This is helpful for:",[29,33588,33589,33592,33595],{},[32,33590,33591],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[32,33593,33594],{},"Accessing values by index",[32,33596,33597],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33599,4207,33600,33602],{},[15,33601,17317],{}," is not the same as a list.",[47,33604,33606,1310,33608,1310,33610],{"id":33605},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33607,17351],{},[15,33609,17345],{},[15,33611,17357],{},[20,33613,33614],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[29,33616,33617,33622,33627],{},[32,33618,33619,33621],{},[15,33620,17351],{}," returns only the values",[32,33623,33624,33626],{},[15,33625,17345],{}," returns only the keys",[32,33628,33629,33631],{},[15,33630,17357],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33633,2411],{},[52,33635,33637],{"className":54,"code":33636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33638,33639,33675,33679,33693,33707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33640,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33642,13144],{"class":67},[61,33644,72],{"class":71},[61,33646,76],{"class":75},[61,33648,504],{"class":503},[61,33650,7949],{"class":507},[61,33652,504],{"class":503},[61,33654,192],{"class":75},[61,33656,515],{"class":503},[61,33658,13161],{"class":507},[61,33660,504],{"class":503},[61,33662,83],{"class":75},[61,33664,515],{"class":503},[61,33666,9581],{"class":507},[61,33668,504],{"class":503},[61,33670,192],{"class":75},[61,33672,8072],{"class":79},[61,33674,94],{"class":75},[61,33676,33677],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33678,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33680,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33682,160],{"class":159},[61,33684,147],{"class":75},[61,33686,13907],{"class":143},[61,33688,140],{"class":75},[61,33690,17203],{"class":143},[61,33692,7474],{"class":75},[61,33694,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33696,160],{"class":159},[61,33698,147],{"class":75},[61,33700,13907],{"class":143},[61,33702,140],{"class":75},[61,33704,5638],{"class":143},[61,33706,7474],{"class":75},[61,33708,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,33710,160],{"class":159},[61,33712,147],{"class":75},[61,33714,13907],{"class":143},[61,33716,140],{"class":75},[61,33718,8092],{"class":143},[61,33720,7474],{"class":75},[20,33722,1598],{},[52,33724,33726],{"className":54,"code":33725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33727,33728,33750,33768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33729,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33731,17294],{"class":143},[61,33733,1878],{"class":75},[61,33735,630],{"class":503},[61,33737,7949],{"class":507},[61,33739,630],{"class":503},[61,33741,83],{"class":75},[61,33743,639],{"class":503},[61,33745,9581],{"class":507},[61,33747,630],{"class":503},[61,33749,1887],{"class":75},[61,33751,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33753,17317],{"class":143},[61,33755,1878],{"class":75},[61,33757,630],{"class":503},[61,33759,13161],{"class":507},[61,33761,630],{"class":503},[61,33763,83],{"class":75},[61,33765,8072],{"class":79},[61,33767,1887],{"class":75},[61,33769,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33771,22187],{"class":143},[61,33773,9939],{"class":75},[61,33775,630],{"class":503},[61,33777,7949],{"class":507},[61,33779,630],{"class":503},[61,33781,83],{"class":75},[61,33783,8072],{"class":79},[61,33785,10959],{"class":75},[20,33787,18974],{},[29,33789,33790,33797,33804],{},[32,33791,33792,33796],{},[214,33793,33794],{"href":17342},[15,33795,17345],{}," when you need just the keys",[32,33798,33799,33803],{},[214,33800,33801],{"href":17348},[15,33802,17351],{}," when you need just the values",[32,33805,33806,33810],{},[214,33807,33808],{"href":17354},[15,33809,17357],{}," when you need both",[47,33812,1520],{"id":1519},[20,33814,33815,33816,140],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33817,17351],{},[887,33819,29926,33821,33823],{"id":33820},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33822,17351],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33825,33826,33828],{},[15,33827,17351],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33830,16923],{},[52,33832,33834],{"className":54,"code":33833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33835,33836,33856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33837,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33839,8592],{"class":67},[61,33841,72],{"class":71},[61,33843,926],{"class":75},[61,33845,80],{"class":79},[61,33847,83],{"class":75},[61,33849,86],{"class":79},[61,33851,83],{"class":75},[61,33853,91],{"class":79},[61,33855,943],{"class":75},[61,33857,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33859,160],{"class":159},[61,33861,147],{"class":75},[61,33863,8623],{"class":143},[61,33865,140],{"class":75},[61,33867,5638],{"class":143},[61,33869,7474],{"class":75},[20,33871,33872,33873,33875],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33874,17351],{}," method.",[20,33877,33878],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[52,33880,33882],{"className":54,"code":33881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33883,33884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33885,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33887,160],{"class":159},[61,33889,147],{"class":75},[61,33891,2072],{"class":2071},[61,33893,147],{"class":75},[61,33895,8623],{"class":143},[61,33897,1761],{"class":75},[20,33899,33900,33901,33903,33904,140],{},"If you get an ",[15,33902,25947],{},", see ",[214,33905,25955,33906,33908],{"href":25954},[15,33907,25958],{}," errors",[887,33910,4858,33912,33914],{"id":33911},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33913,17351],{}," returns a list",[20,33916,33917],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[52,33919,33921],{"className":54,"code":33920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33922,33923,33959,33973,33977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33924,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33926,13144],{"class":67},[61,33928,72],{"class":71},[61,33930,76],{"class":75},[61,33932,504],{"class":503},[61,33934,7949],{"class":507},[61,33936,504],{"class":503},[61,33938,192],{"class":75},[61,33940,515],{"class":503},[61,33942,13161],{"class":507},[61,33944,504],{"class":503},[61,33946,83],{"class":75},[61,33948,515],{"class":503},[61,33950,9581],{"class":507},[61,33952,504],{"class":503},[61,33954,192],{"class":75},[61,33956,8072],{"class":79},[61,33958,94],{"class":75},[61,33960,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33962,4103],{"class":67},[61,33964,72],{"class":71},[61,33966,13187],{"class":67},[61,33968,140],{"class":75},[61,33970,5638],{"class":143},[61,33972,8926],{"class":75},[61,33974,33975],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,33976,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,33978,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,33980,160],{"class":159},[61,33982,147],{"class":75},[61,33984,2072],{"class":2071},[61,33986,147],{"class":75},[61,33988,5638],{"class":143},[61,33990,1761],{"class":75},[20,33992,1598],{},[52,33994,33996],{"className":54,"code":33995,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33997,33998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33999,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34001,3571],{"class":71},[61,34003,3574],{"class":2350},[61,34005,639],{"class":503},[61,34007,17317],{"class":507},[61,34009,630],{"class":503},[61,34011,3583],{"class":71},[20,34013,5428,34014,34016],{},[15,34015,17317],{},", not a list.",[20,34018,34019],{},"If you need a list:",[52,34021,34023],{"className":54,"code":34022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34024,34025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34026,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34028,4103],{"class":67},[61,34030,72],{"class":71},[61,34032,22835],{"class":2071},[61,34034,147],{"class":75},[61,34036,13907],{"class":143},[61,34038,140],{"class":75},[61,34040,5638],{"class":143},[61,34042,7474],{"class":75},[887,34044,34046,34047],{"id":34045},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34048,17317],{},[20,34050,34051],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[52,34053,34055],{"className":54,"code":34054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34056,34057,34093,34107,34111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34058,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34060,13144],{"class":67},[61,34062,72],{"class":71},[61,34064,76],{"class":75},[61,34066,504],{"class":503},[61,34068,7949],{"class":507},[61,34070,504],{"class":503},[61,34072,192],{"class":75},[61,34074,515],{"class":503},[61,34076,13161],{"class":507},[61,34078,504],{"class":503},[61,34080,83],{"class":75},[61,34082,515],{"class":503},[61,34084,9581],{"class":507},[61,34086,504],{"class":503},[61,34088,192],{"class":75},[61,34090,8072],{"class":79},[61,34092,94],{"class":75},[61,34094,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34096,4103],{"class":67},[61,34098,72],{"class":71},[61,34100,13187],{"class":67},[61,34102,140],{"class":75},[61,34104,5638],{"class":143},[61,34106,8926],{"class":75},[61,34108,34109],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34110,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,34112,34113],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,34114,34115],{"class":173},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34117,34118],{},"Convert to a list first:",[52,34120,34122],{"className":54,"code":34121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34123,34124,34160,34178,34182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34125,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34127,13144],{"class":67},[61,34129,72],{"class":71},[61,34131,76],{"class":75},[61,34133,504],{"class":503},[61,34135,7949],{"class":507},[61,34137,504],{"class":503},[61,34139,192],{"class":75},[61,34141,515],{"class":503},[61,34143,13161],{"class":507},[61,34145,504],{"class":503},[61,34147,83],{"class":75},[61,34149,515],{"class":503},[61,34151,9581],{"class":507},[61,34153,504],{"class":503},[61,34155,192],{"class":75},[61,34157,8072],{"class":79},[61,34159,94],{"class":75},[61,34161,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34163,4103],{"class":67},[61,34165,72],{"class":71},[61,34167,22835],{"class":2071},[61,34169,147],{"class":75},[61,34171,13907],{"class":143},[61,34173,140],{"class":75},[61,34175,5638],{"class":143},[61,34177,7474],{"class":75},[61,34179,34180],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34181,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,34183,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,34185,160],{"class":159},[61,34187,147],{"class":75},[61,34189,5638],{"class":143},[61,34191,4182],{"class":75},[61,34193,2405],{"class":79},[61,34195,1887],{"class":75},[887,34197,716,34199,11372,34201],{"id":34198},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34200,5638],{},[15,34202,17351],{},[20,34204,34205],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[52,34207,34209],{"className":54,"code":34208,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34210,34211,34247,34251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34212,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34214,13144],{"class":67},[61,34216,72],{"class":71},[61,34218,76],{"class":75},[61,34220,504],{"class":503},[61,34222,7949],{"class":507},[61,34224,504],{"class":503},[61,34226,192],{"class":75},[61,34228,515],{"class":503},[61,34230,13161],{"class":507},[61,34232,504],{"class":503},[61,34234,83],{"class":75},[61,34236,515],{"class":503},[61,34238,9581],{"class":507},[61,34240,504],{"class":503},[61,34242,192],{"class":75},[61,34244,8072],{"class":79},[61,34246,94],{"class":75},[61,34248,34249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34250,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,34252,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34254,160],{"class":159},[61,34256,147],{"class":75},[61,34258,13907],{"class":143},[61,34260,140],{"class":75},[61,34262,5638],{"class":2103},[61,34264,153],{"class":75},[20,34266,34267,34270],{},[15,34268,34269],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34272,18974],{},[52,34274,34276],{"className":54,"code":34275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34277,34278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34279,34280,34282,34284,34286,34288,34290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34281,160],{"class":159},[61,34283,147],{"class":75},[61,34285,13907],{"class":143},[61,34287,140],{"class":75},[61,34289,5638],{"class":143},[61,34291,7474],{"class":75},[887,34293,34295],{"id":34294},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34297,34298],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[52,34300,34302],{"className":54,"code":34301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34303,34304,34336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34305,34306,34308,34310,34312,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34307,9449],{"class":67},[61,34309,72],{"class":71},[61,34311,76],{"class":75},[61,34313,504],{"class":503},[61,34315,214],{"class":507},[61,34317,504],{"class":503},[61,34319,192],{"class":75},[61,34321,1720],{"class":79},[61,34323,83],{"class":75},[61,34325,515],{"class":503},[61,34327,329],{"class":507},[61,34329,504],{"class":503},[61,34331,192],{"class":75},[61,34333,86],{"class":79},[61,34335,94],{"class":75},[61,34337,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34339,160],{"class":159},[61,34341,147],{"class":75},[61,34343,9488],{"class":143},[61,34345,140],{"class":75},[61,34347,5638],{"class":143},[61,34349,7474],{"class":75},[20,34351,34352],{},"Not like this:",[52,34354,34356],{"className":54,"code":34355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34357,34358,34363,34368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34359,34360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34361,34362],{"class":173},"# Wrong examples:\n",[61,34364,34365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34366,34367],{"class":173},"# data().values()\n",[61,34369,34370],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34371,34372],{"class":173},"# values(data)\n",[20,34374,3620],{},[52,34376,34378],{"className":54,"code":34377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34379,34380,34394,34404,34418],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34381,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34383,160],{"class":159},[61,34385,147],{"class":75},[61,34387,2072],{"class":2071},[61,34389,147],{"class":75},[61,34391,11730],{"class":143},[61,34393,1761],{"class":75},[61,34395,34396,34398,34400,34402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34397,160],{"class":159},[61,34399,147],{"class":75},[61,34401,11730],{"class":143},[61,34403,153],{"class":75},[61,34405,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34407,160],{"class":159},[61,34409,147],{"class":75},[61,34411,11730],{"class":143},[61,34413,140],{"class":75},[61,34415,5638],{"class":143},[61,34417,7474],{"class":75},[61,34419,34420,34422,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,34421,160],{"class":159},[61,34423,147],{"class":75},[61,34425,8377],{"class":2071},[61,34427,147],{"class":75},[61,34429,11730],{"class":143},[61,34431,140],{"class":75},[61,34433,5638],{"class":143},[61,34435,6569],{"class":75},[47,34437,2109],{"id":2108},[887,34439,5422,34441,5425],{"id":34440},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34442,32595],{},[20,34444,17701,34445,34447],{},[15,34446,17317],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[887,34449,2113,34451,24207],{"id":34450},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34452,17351],{},[20,34454,24210,34455,24214],{},[15,34456,34457],{},"list(...)",[887,34459,26332,34461,2159],{"id":34460},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34462,32595],{},[20,34464,34465,34466,26340],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34467,6238],{},[887,34469,2113,34471,34473],{"id":34470},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34472,32595],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34475,34476],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[887,34478,34480,34481,34483,34484,2159],{"id":34479},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34482,17351],{}," different from ",[15,34485,17357],{},[20,34487,34488,34490,34491,34493],{},[15,34489,17351],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34492,17357],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[47,34495,2172],{"id":2171},[29,34497,34498,34504,34510,34514,34520,34524],{},[32,34499,34500],{},[214,34501,11017,34502,1516],{"href":17342},[15,34503,17345],{},[32,34505,34506],{},[214,34507,11017,34508,1516],{"href":17354},[15,34509,17357],{},[32,34511,34512],{},[214,34513,11523],{"href":9672},[32,34515,34516],{},[214,34517,34519],{"href":34518},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[32,34521,34522],{},[214,34523,24292],{"href":33444},[32,34525,34526],{},[214,34527,30623,34528],{"href":25954},[15,34529,34530],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2204,34532,34533],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":34535},[34536,34537,34539,34540,34542,34543,34544,34545,34547,34558,34570],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":32765,"depth":97,"text":34538},"What values() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":32835,"depth":97,"text":34541},"What values() returns",{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":33314,"depth":97,"text":33315},{"id":33447,"depth":97,"text":33448},{"id":33605,"depth":97,"text":34546},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":34548},[34549,34551,34553,34555,34557],{"id":33820,"depth":122,"text":34550},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33911,"depth":122,"text":34552},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34045,"depth":122,"text":34554},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34198,"depth":122,"text":34556},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34294,"depth":122,"text":34295},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":34559},[34560,34562,34564,34566,34568],{"id":34440,"depth":122,"text":34561},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34450,"depth":122,"text":34563},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34460,"depth":122,"text":34565},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34470,"depth":122,"text":34567},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34479,"depth":122,"text":34569},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32582,"description":34571},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34577,"title":34578,"body":34579,"description":36009,"extension":2249,"meta":36010,"navigation":125,"path":36011,"seo":36012,"stem":36013,"__hash__":36014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34580,"toc":35961},[34581,34587,34592,34595,34611,34620,34622,34654,34660,34663,34757,34760,34765,34770,34773,34784,34786,34800,34806,34808,34813,34819,34822,34861,34869,34874,34877,34922,34925,34937,34943,34949,34953,34986,34989,35007,35010,35014,35053,35055,35075,35078,35090,35095,35101,35104,35159,35162,35173,35176,35187,35190,35194,35200,35202,35232,35235,35250,35253,35256,35275,35278,35294,35303,35305,35336,35342,35347,35350,35357,35388,35391,35413,35416,35419,35433,35437,35468,35483,35490,35497,35501,35509,35513,35521,35524,35573,35584,35586,35589,35595,35600,35610,35614,35617,35620,35624,35627,35629,35650,35654,35660,35671,35677,35679,35685,35709,35712,35775,35778,35806,35809,35871,35873,35878,35881,35888,35896,35903,35906,35914,35920,35922,35949,35958],[10,34582,13,34584,3860],{"id":34583},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34585,34586],{},"dir()",[20,34588,32592,34589,34591],{},[15,34590,34586],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34593,34594],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[29,34596,34597,34600,34603,34608],{},[32,34598,34599],{},"learning Python",[32,34601,34602],{},"exploring a new object",[32,34604,34605,34606],{},"debugging an ",[15,34607,25947],{},[32,34609,34610],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34612,34613,34614,34616,34617],{},"In short, ",[15,34615,34586],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[39,34618,34619],{},"“What can I use here?”",[47,34621,50],{"id":49},[52,34623,34625],{"className":54,"code":34624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34626,34627,34639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34628,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34630,8159],{"class":67},[61,34632,72],{"class":71},[61,34634,515],{"class":503},[61,34636,4126],{"class":507},[61,34638,3639],{"class":503},[61,34640,34641,34643,34645,34648,34650,34652],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34642,160],{"class":159},[61,34644,147],{"class":75},[61,34646,34647],{"class":159},"dir",[61,34649,147],{"class":75},[61,34651,7949],{"class":143},[61,34653,1761],{"class":75},[20,34655,1503,34656,34659],{},[15,34657,34658],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34661,34662],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[52,34664,34666],{"className":54,"code":34665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34667,34668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34669,34670,34672,34674,34677,34679,34681,34683,34686,34688,34690,34692,34695,34697,34699,34701,34704,34706,34708,34710,34713,34715,34717,34719,34722,34724,34726,34729,34731,34733,34735,34737,34739,34741,34744,34746,34748,34750,34753,34755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34671,4182],{"class":75},[61,34673,630],{"class":503},[61,34675,34676],{"class":507},"__add__",[61,34678,630],{"class":503},[61,34680,83],{"class":75},[61,34682,639],{"class":503},[61,34684,34685],{"class":507},"__class__",[61,34687,630],{"class":503},[61,34689,83],{"class":75},[61,34691,639],{"class":503},[61,34693,34694],{"class":507},"__contains__",[61,34696,630],{"class":503},[61,34698,83],{"class":75},[61,34700,639],{"class":503},[61,34702,34703],{"class":507},"__delattr__",[61,34705,630],{"class":503},[61,34707,83],{"class":75},[61,34709,639],{"class":503},[61,34711,34712],{"class":507},"__dir__",[61,34714,630],{"class":503},[61,34716,83],{"class":75},[61,34718,639],{"class":503},[61,34720,34721],{"class":507},"__doc__",[61,34723,630],{"class":503},[61,34725,83],{"class":75},[61,34727,249],{"class":34728},"s_hVV",[61,34730,83],{"class":75},[61,34732,639],{"class":503},[61,34734,8923],{"class":507},[61,34736,630],{"class":503},[61,34738,83],{"class":75},[61,34740,639],{"class":503},[61,34742,34743],{"class":507},"split",[61,34745,630],{"class":503},[61,34747,83],{"class":75},[61,34749,639],{"class":503},[61,34751,34752],{"class":507},"upper",[61,34754,630],{"class":503},[61,34756,943],{"class":75},[20,34758,34759],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[47,34761,184,34763,187],{"id":34762},"what-dir-does",[15,34764,34586],{},[20,34766,34767,34769],{},[15,34768,34586],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34771,34772],{},"It usually includes:",[29,34774,34775,34778,34781],{},[32,34776,34777],{},"attributes",[32,34779,34780],{},"methods",[32,34782,34783],{},"special Python names",[20,34785,11739],{},[29,34787,34788,34794,34797],{},[32,34789,34790,34791],{},"The result is a ",[39,34792,34793],{},"list of strings",[32,34795,34796],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[32,34798,34799],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34801,34802,34803,34805],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34804,34586],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[47,34807,221],{"id":220},[20,34809,34810,34812],{},[15,34811,34586],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[887,34814,34816,34818],{"id":34815},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34817,34586],{}," with no argument",[20,34820,34821],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[52,34823,34825],{"className":54,"code":34824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34826,34827,34835,34847,34851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34828,34829,34831,34833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34830,3305],{"class":67},[61,34832,72],{"class":71},[61,34834,2867],{"class":79},[61,34836,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34838,8159],{"class":67},[61,34840,72],{"class":71},[61,34842,515],{"class":503},[61,34844,7958],{"class":507},[61,34846,3639],{"class":503},[61,34848,34849],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,34850,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,34852,34853,34855,34857,34859],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,34854,160],{"class":159},[61,34856,147],{"class":75},[61,34858,34647],{"class":159},[61,34860,7474],{"class":75},[20,34862,34863,34864,700,34866,34868],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34865,2458],{},[15,34867,7949],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[887,34870,34872],{"id":34871},"dirobject",[15,34873,34658],{},[20,34875,34876],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[52,34878,34880],{"className":54,"code":34879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34881,34882,34900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34883,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34885,160],{"class":159},[61,34887,147],{"class":75},[61,34889,34647],{"class":159},[61,34891,147],{"class":75},[61,34893,504],{"class":503},[61,34895,4126],{"class":507},[61,34897,504],{"class":503},[61,34899,1761],{"class":75},[61,34901,34902,34904,34906,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916,34918,34920],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34903,160],{"class":159},[61,34905,147],{"class":75},[61,34907,34647],{"class":159},[61,34909,1878],{"class":75},[61,34911,80],{"class":79},[61,34913,83],{"class":75},[61,34915,86],{"class":79},[61,34917,83],{"class":75},[61,34919,91],{"class":79},[61,34921,3279],{"class":75},[20,34923,34924],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[29,34926,34927,34929,34931,34934],{},[32,34928,5588],{},[32,34930,5579],{},[32,34932,34933],{},"modules",[32,34935,34936],{},"custom objects",[47,34938,716,34940,34942],{"id":34939},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34941,34586],{}," with a value",[20,34944,34945,34946,34948],{},"A common use of ",[15,34947,34586],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[887,34950,34952],{"id":34951},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[52,34954,34956],{"className":54,"code":34955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34957,34958,34971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34959,34960,34963,34965,34967,34969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34961,34962],{"class":67},"text ",[61,34964,72],{"class":71},[61,34966,515],{"class":503},[61,34968,4126],{"class":507},[61,34970,3639],{"class":503},[61,34972,34973,34975,34977,34979,34981,34984],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34974,160],{"class":159},[61,34976,147],{"class":75},[61,34978,34647],{"class":159},[61,34980,147],{"class":75},[61,34982,34983],{"class":143},"text",[61,34985,1761],{"class":75},[20,34987,34988],{},"You will see method names like:",[29,34990,34991,34995,34999,35003],{},[32,34992,34993],{},[15,34994,8923],{},[32,34996,34997],{},[15,34998,34752],{},[32,35000,35001],{},[15,35002,34743],{},[32,35004,35005],{},[15,35006,8917],{},[20,35008,35009],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[887,35011,35013],{"id":35012},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[52,35015,35017],{"className":54,"code":35016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35018,35019,35039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35020,35021,35023,35025,35027,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35022,900],{"class":67},[61,35024,72],{"class":71},[61,35026,926],{"class":75},[61,35028,80],{"class":79},[61,35030,83],{"class":75},[61,35032,86],{"class":79},[61,35034,83],{"class":75},[61,35036,91],{"class":79},[61,35038,943],{"class":75},[61,35040,35041,35043,35045,35047,35049,35051],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35042,160],{"class":159},[61,35044,147],{"class":75},[61,35046,34647],{"class":159},[61,35048,147],{"class":75},[61,35050,3929],{"class":143},[61,35052,1761],{"class":75},[20,35054,34988],{},[29,35056,35057,35061,35065,35070],{},[32,35058,35059],{},[15,35060,13834],{},[32,35062,35063],{},[15,35064,26517],{},[32,35066,35067],{},[15,35068,35069],{},"remove",[32,35071,35072],{},[15,35073,35074],{},"sort",[20,35076,35077],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35079,35080,35081,35086,35087,35089],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[214,35082,35084],{"href":35083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35085,2584],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35088,34586],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[47,35091,716,35093,34818],{"id":35092},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35094,34586],{},[20,35096,35097,35098,35100],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35099,34586],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35102,35103],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[52,35105,35107],{"className":54,"code":35106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35108,35109,35118,35122,35133,35145,35149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35110,35111,35113,35115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35112,3305],{"class":67},[61,35114,72],{"class":71},[61,35116,35117],{"class":79}," 5\n",[61,35119,35120],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35121,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35123,35124,35127,35131],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35125,35126],{"class":2350},"def",[61,35128,35130],{"class":35129},"sGLFI"," greet",[61,35132,21874],{"class":75},[61,35134,35135,35138,35140,35143],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,35136,35137],{"class":4158},"    return",[61,35139,515],{"class":503},[61,35141,35142],{"class":507},"Hello",[61,35144,3639],{"class":503},[61,35146,35147],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,35148,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35150,35151,35153,35155,35157],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,35152,160],{"class":159},[61,35154,147],{"class":75},[61,35156,34647],{"class":159},[61,35158,7474],{"class":75},[20,35160,35161],{},"The output will include names like:",[29,35163,35164,35168],{},[32,35165,35166],{},[15,35167,2458],{},[32,35169,35170],{},[15,35171,35172],{},"greet",[20,35174,35175],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[29,35177,35178,35181,35184],{},[32,35179,35180],{},"what variables exist",[32,35182,35183],{},"what functions you have defined",[32,35185,35186],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35188,35189],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[47,35191,35193],{"id":35192},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35195,35196,35197,35199],{},"When you first use ",[15,35198,34586],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35201,368],{},[52,35203,35204],{"className":54,"code":34955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,35205,35206,35218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35207,35208,35210,35212,35214,35216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35209,34962],{"class":67},[61,35211,72],{"class":71},[61,35213,515],{"class":503},[61,35215,4126],{"class":507},[61,35217,3639],{"class":503},[61,35219,35220,35222,35224,35226,35228,35230],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35221,160],{"class":159},[61,35223,147],{"class":75},[61,35225,34647],{"class":159},[61,35227,147],{"class":75},[61,35229,34983],{"class":143},[61,35231,1761],{"class":75},[20,35233,35234],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[29,35236,35237,35241,35245],{},[32,35238,35239],{},[15,35240,34685],{},[32,35242,35243],{},[15,35244,34721],{},[32,35246,35247],{},[15,35248,35249],{},"__len__",[20,35251,35252],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35254,35255],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[29,35257,35258,35262,35266,35270],{},[32,35259,35260],{},[15,35261,34752],{},[32,35263,35264],{},[15,35265,8923],{},[32,35267,35268],{},[15,35269,34743],{},[32,35271,35272],{},[15,35273,35274],{},"replace",[20,35276,35277],{},"A key point to remember:",[29,35279,35280,35288],{},[32,35281,35282,35284,35285],{},[15,35283,34586],{}," lists ",[39,35286,35287],{},"names only",[32,35289,35290,35291,35293],{},"it does ",[39,35292,4909],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35295,35296,35297,140],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[214,35298,35300],{"href":35299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35301,35302],{},"help()",[20,35304,5752],{},[52,35306,35308],{"className":54,"code":35307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35309,35310,35322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35311,35312,35314,35316,35318,35320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35313,8159],{"class":67},[61,35315,72],{"class":71},[61,35317,515],{"class":503},[61,35319,4126],{"class":507},[61,35321,3639],{"class":503},[61,35323,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35325,2093],{"class":159},[61,35327,147],{"class":75},[61,35329,7949],{"class":143},[61,35331,140],{"class":75},[61,35333,34752],{"class":2103},[61,35335,153],{"class":75},[47,35337,35339,35341],{"id":35338},"dir-on-modules",[15,35340,34586],{}," on modules",[20,35343,15993,35344,35346],{},[15,35345,34586],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35348,35349],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[887,35351,35353,35354,35356],{"id":35352},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35355,18696],{}," module",[52,35358,35360],{"className":54,"code":35359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35361,35362,35370,35374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35363,35364,35367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35365,35366],{"class":4158},"import",[61,35368,35369],{"class":67}," math\n",[61,35371,35372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35373,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35375,35376,35378,35380,35382,35384,35386],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35377,160],{"class":159},[61,35379,147],{"class":75},[61,35381,34647],{"class":159},[61,35383,147],{"class":75},[61,35385,18696],{"class":143},[61,35387,1761],{"class":75},[20,35389,35390],{},"You may see names like:",[29,35392,35393,35398,35403,35408],{},[32,35394,35395],{},[15,35396,35397],{},"sqrt",[32,35399,35400],{},[15,35401,35402],{},"ceil",[32,35404,35405],{},[15,35406,35407],{},"floor",[32,35409,35410],{},[15,35411,35412],{},"pi",[20,35414,35415],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35417,35418],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[29,35420,35421,35427],{},[32,35422,35423],{},[214,35424,35426],{"href":35425},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[32,35428,35429],{},[214,35430,35432],{"href":35431},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[887,35434,35436],{"id":35435},"another-example","Another example",[52,35438,35440],{"className":54,"code":35439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35441,35442,35449,35453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35443,35444,35446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35445,35366],{"class":4158},[61,35447,35448],{"class":67}," json\n",[61,35450,35451],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35452,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35454,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35466],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35456,160],{"class":159},[61,35458,147],{"class":75},[61,35460,34647],{"class":159},[61,35462,147],{"class":75},[61,35464,35465],{"class":143},"json",[61,35467,1761],{"class":75},[20,35469,35470,35471,1830,35474,1830,35477,1833,35480,140],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35472,35473],{},"dump",[15,35475,35476],{},"dumps",[15,35478,35479],{},"load",[15,35481,35482],{},"loads",[47,35484,35486,1310,35488],{"id":35485},"dir-vs-help",[15,35487,34586],{},[15,35489,35302],{},[20,35491,35492,700,35494,35496],{},[15,35493,34586],{},[15,35495,35302],{}," are often used together.",[887,35498,35499],{"id":34647},[15,35500,34586],{},[29,35502,35503,35506],{},[32,35504,35505],{},"shows available names",[32,35507,35508],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[887,35510,35511],{"id":2093},[15,35512,35302],{},[29,35514,35515,35518],{},[32,35516,35517],{},"explains what an object or function does",[32,35519,35520],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35522,35523],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[52,35525,35527],{"className":54,"code":35526,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35528,35529,35541,35545,35559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35530,35531,35533,35535,35537,35539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35532,8159],{"class":67},[61,35534,72],{"class":71},[61,35536,515],{"class":503},[61,35538,4126],{"class":507},[61,35540,3639],{"class":503},[61,35542,35543],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35544,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35546,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35548,160],{"class":159},[61,35550,147],{"class":75},[61,35552,34647],{"class":159},[61,35554,147],{"class":75},[61,35556,7949],{"class":143},[61,35558,1761],{"class":75},[61,35560,35561,35563,35565,35567,35569,35571],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,35562,2093],{"class":159},[61,35564,147],{"class":75},[61,35566,7949],{"class":143},[61,35568,140],{"class":75},[61,35570,34752],{"class":2103},[61,35572,153],{"class":75},[20,35574,1503,35575,35577,35578,35580,35581,35583],{},[15,35576,34586],{}," first to find a method name.",[10127,35579],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35582,35302],{}," to understand how to use it.",[47,35585,25633],{"id":25632},[20,35587,35588],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[887,35590,35592,35594],{"id":35591},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35593,34586],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35596,35597,35599],{},[15,35598,34586],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35601,35602,35603,35605,35606,35609],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35604,34752],{}," in ",[15,35607,35608],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[887,35611,35613],{"id":35612},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35615,35616],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35618,35619],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[887,35621,35623],{"id":35622},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35625,35626],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35628,5752],{},[29,35630,35631,35636,35642],{},[32,35632,35633,35635],{},[15,35634,35608],{}," shows string-related names",[32,35637,35638,35641],{},[15,35639,35640],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[32,35643,35644,35647,35648,35356],{},[15,35645,35646],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35649,18696],{},[887,35651,35653],{"id":35652},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35655,35656,35657,35659],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35658,34586],{}," does not mean you already know:",[29,35661,35662,35665,35668],{},[32,35663,35664],{},"what it does",[32,35666,35667],{},"what arguments it needs",[32,35669,35670],{},"what it returns",[20,35672,35673,35674,35676],{},"That is why ",[15,35675,35302],{}," is the natural next step.",[47,35678,3111],{"id":3110},[20,35680,35681,35682,35684],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35683,34586],{}," in these situations:",[29,35686,35687,35690,35699,35702],{},[32,35688,35689],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[32,35691,35692,35693,35698],{},"Seeing an ",[214,35694,35696],{"href":35695},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35697,25947],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[32,35700,35701],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[32,35703,716,35704,35706,35707],{},[15,35705,34586],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35708,35302],{},[20,35710,35711],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[52,35713,35715],{"className":54,"code":35714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35716,35717,35729,35733,35747,35761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35718,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35720,8159],{"class":67},[61,35722,72],{"class":71},[61,35724,515],{"class":503},[61,35726,4126],{"class":507},[61,35728,3639],{"class":503},[61,35730,35731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35732,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35734,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35736,160],{"class":159},[61,35738,147],{"class":75},[61,35740,2072],{"class":2071},[61,35742,147],{"class":75},[61,35744,7949],{"class":143},[61,35746,1761],{"class":75},[61,35748,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,35750,160],{"class":159},[61,35752,147],{"class":75},[61,35754,34647],{"class":159},[61,35756,147],{"class":75},[61,35758,7949],{"class":143},[61,35760,1761],{"class":75},[61,35762,35763,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,35764,2093],{"class":159},[61,35766,147],{"class":75},[61,35768,7949],{"class":143},[61,35770,140],{"class":75},[61,35772,34752],{"class":2103},[61,35774,153],{"class":75},[20,35776,35777],{},"And for modules:",[52,35779,35780],{"className":54,"code":35359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,35781,35782,35788,35792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35783,35784,35786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35785,35366],{"class":4158},[61,35787,35369],{"class":67},[61,35789,35790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35791,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,35793,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35795,160],{"class":159},[61,35797,147],{"class":75},[61,35799,34647],{"class":159},[61,35801,147],{"class":75},[61,35803,18696],{"class":143},[61,35805,1761],{"class":75},[20,35807,35808],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[52,35810,35812],{"className":54,"code":35811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35813,35814,35819,35831,35841,35855,35861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35815,35816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35817,35818],{"class":67},"python\n",[61,35820,35821,35823,35825,35827,35829],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35822,8159],{"class":67},[61,35824,72],{"class":71},[61,35826,515],{"class":503},[61,35828,4126],{"class":507},[61,35830,3639],{"class":503},[61,35832,35833,35835,35837,35839],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,35834,34647],{"class":159},[61,35836,147],{"class":75},[61,35838,7949],{"class":143},[61,35840,153],{"class":75},[61,35842,35843,35845,35847,35849,35851,35853],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,35844,2093],{"class":159},[61,35846,147],{"class":75},[61,35848,7949],{"class":143},[61,35850,140],{"class":75},[61,35852,34752],{"class":2103},[61,35854,153],{"class":75},[61,35856,35857,35859],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,35858,35366],{"class":4158},[61,35860,35369],{"class":67},[61,35862,35863,35865,35867,35869],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,35864,34647],{"class":159},[61,35866,147],{"class":75},[61,35868,18696],{"class":143},[61,35870,153],{"class":75},[47,35872,2109],{"id":2108},[887,35874,5422,35876,5425],{"id":35875},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35877,34586],{},[20,35879,35880],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[887,35882,2153,35884,700,35886,2159],{"id":35883},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35885,34586],{},[15,35887,35302],{},[20,35889,35890,35892,35893,35895],{},[15,35891,34586],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35894,35302],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[887,35897,35899,35900,35902],{"id":35898},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35901,34586],{}," output?",[20,35904,35905],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[887,35907,2123,35909,35911,35912,2159],{"id":35908},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35910,34586],{}," help fix ",[15,35913,25947],{},[20,35915,35916,35917,140],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[214,35918,35919],{"href":35695},"object has no attribute",[47,35921,2172],{"id":2171},[29,35923,35924,35930,35935,35939,35943],{},[32,35925,35926],{},[214,35927,13,35928,3790],{"href":35299},[15,35929,35302],{},[32,35931,35932],{},[214,35933,35934],{"href":35695},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[32,35936,35937],{},[214,35938,35426],{"href":35425},[32,35940,35941],{},[214,35942,35432],{"href":35431},[32,35944,35945],{},[214,35946,13,35947,3790],{"href":35083},[15,35948,2584],{},[20,35950,35951,35952,35954,35955,35957],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35953,34586],{}," together with ",[15,35956,35302],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2204,35959,35960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":35962},[35963,35964,35966,35971,35976,35978,35979,35985,35990,35997,35998,36008],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":34762,"depth":97,"text":35965},"What dir() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":35967},[35968,35970],{"id":34815,"depth":122,"text":35969},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34871,"depth":122,"text":34658},{"id":34939,"depth":97,"text":35972,"children":35973},"Using dir() with a value",[35974,35975],{"id":34951,"depth":122,"text":34952},{"id":35012,"depth":122,"text":35013},{"id":35092,"depth":97,"text":35977},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35192,"depth":97,"text":35193},{"id":35338,"depth":97,"text":35980,"children":35981},"dir() on modules",[35982,35984],{"id":35352,"depth":122,"text":35983},"Example: math module",{"id":35435,"depth":122,"text":35436},{"id":35485,"depth":97,"text":35986,"children":35987},"dir() vs help()",[35988,35989],{"id":34647,"depth":122,"text":34586},{"id":2093,"depth":122,"text":35302},{"id":25632,"depth":97,"text":25633,"children":35991},[35992,35994,35995,35996],{"id":35591,"depth":122,"text":35993},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35612,"depth":122,"text":35613},{"id":35622,"depth":122,"text":35623},{"id":35652,"depth":122,"text":35653},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":35999},[36000,36002,36004,36006],{"id":35875,"depth":122,"text":36001},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35883,"depth":122,"text":36003},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35898,"depth":122,"text":36005},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35908,"depth":122,"text":36007},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34578,"description":36009},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36016,"title":36017,"body":36018,"description":37836,"extension":2249,"meta":37837,"navigation":125,"path":37838,"seo":37839,"stem":37840,"__hash__":37841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36019,"toc":37805},[36020,36026,36031,36034,36042,36048,36050,36130,36132,36158,36163,36168,36173,36176,36187,36190,36192,36271,36273,36299,36306,36308,36310,36335,36338,36351,36356,36358,36438,36440,36466,36475,36480,36488,36494,36501,36504,36506,36585,36588,36645,36647,36684,36690,36695,36700,36703,36717,36719,36822,36824,36867,36876,36886,36893,36899,36906,36989,36991,37014,37017,37020,37022,37026,37030,37033,37096,37119,37122,37126,37132,37134,37201,37204,37281,37286,37292,37295,37298,37343,37345,37369,37374,37378,37383,37389,37452,37455,37457,37460,37485,37488,37623,37625,37726,37728,37733,37736,37742,37752,37760,37765,37771,37777,37779,37802],[10,36021,13,36023,3860],{"id":36022},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36024,36025],{},"enumerate()",[20,36027,36028,36030],{},[15,36029,36025],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36032,36033],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[29,36035,36036,36039],{},[32,36037,36038],{},"the item itself",[32,36040,36041],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36043,36044,36045,36047],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36046,36025],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[47,36049,50],{"id":49},[52,36051,36053],{"className":54,"code":36052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36054,36055,36087,36091,36114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36056,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36058,13356],{"class":67},[61,36060,72],{"class":71},[61,36062,926],{"class":75},[61,36064,504],{"class":503},[61,36066,13373],{"class":507},[61,36068,504],{"class":503},[61,36070,83],{"class":75},[61,36072,515],{"class":503},[61,36074,17735],{"class":507},[61,36076,504],{"class":503},[61,36078,83],{"class":75},[61,36080,515],{"class":503},[61,36082,13390],{"class":507},[61,36084,504],{"class":503},[61,36086,943],{"class":75},[61,36088,36089],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36090,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36092,36093,36095,36098,36100,36103,36105,36108,36110,36112],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36094,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36096,36097],{"class":67}," index",[61,36099,83],{"class":75},[61,36101,36102],{"class":67}," color ",[61,36104,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36106,36107],{"class":159}," enumerate",[61,36109,147],{"class":75},[61,36111,17782],{"class":143},[61,36113,8626],{"class":75},[61,36115,36116,36118,36120,36123,36125,36128],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36117,8352],{"class":159},[61,36119,147],{"class":75},[61,36121,36122],{"class":143},"index",[61,36124,83],{"class":75},[61,36126,36127],{"class":143}," color",[61,36129,153],{"class":75},[20,36131,1598],{},[52,36133,36135],{"className":54,"code":36134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36136,36137,36144,36151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36138,36139,36141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36140,2405],{"class":79},[61,36142,36143],{"class":67}," red\n",[61,36145,36146,36148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36147,80],{"class":79},[61,36149,36150],{"class":67}," green\n",[61,36152,36153,36155],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36154,301],{"class":79},[61,36156,36157],{"class":67}," blue\n",[20,36159,1503,36160,36162],{},[15,36161,36025],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[47,36164,184,36166,187],{"id":36165},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36167,36025],{},[20,36169,36170,36172],{},[15,36171,36025],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36174,36175],{},"It is commonly used with:",[29,36177,36178,36180,36182,36184],{},[32,36179,5579],{},[32,36181,5582],{},[32,36183,5588],{},[32,36185,36186],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36188,36189],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36191,368],{},[52,36193,36195],{"className":54,"code":36194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36196,36197,36231,36235,36256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36198,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36218,36220,36222,36224,36227,36229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36200,5274],{"class":67},[61,36202,72],{"class":71},[61,36204,926],{"class":75},[61,36206,504],{"class":503},[61,36208,13161],{"class":507},[61,36210,504],{"class":503},[61,36212,83],{"class":75},[61,36214,515],{"class":503},[61,36216,36217],{"class":507},"Ben",[61,36219,504],{"class":503},[61,36221,83],{"class":75},[61,36223,515],{"class":503},[61,36225,36226],{"class":507},"Cara",[61,36228,504],{"class":503},[61,36230,943],{"class":75},[61,36232,36233],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36234,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36236,36237,36239,36241,36243,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36238,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36240,36097],{"class":67},[61,36242,83],{"class":75},[61,36244,36245],{"class":67}," name ",[61,36247,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36249,36107],{"class":159},[61,36251,147],{"class":75},[61,36253,5318],{"class":143},[61,36255,8626],{"class":75},[61,36257,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36269],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36259,8352],{"class":159},[61,36261,147],{"class":75},[61,36263,36122],{"class":143},[61,36265,83],{"class":75},[61,36267,36268],{"class":143}," name",[61,36270,153],{"class":75},[20,36272,1598],{},[52,36274,36276],{"className":54,"code":36275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36277,36278,36285,36292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36279,36280,36282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36281,2405],{"class":79},[61,36283,36284],{"class":67}," Ana\n",[61,36286,36287,36289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36288,80],{"class":79},[61,36290,36291],{"class":67}," Ben\n",[61,36293,36294,36296],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36295,301],{"class":79},[61,36297,36298],{"class":67}," Cara\n",[20,36300,36301,36302,140],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[214,36303,36305],{"href":36304},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[47,36307,221],{"id":220},[20,36309,2444],{},[52,36311,36313],{"className":54,"code":36312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36314,36315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36316,36317,36320,36322,36324,36326,36329,36331,36333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36318,36319],{"class":159},"enumerate",[61,36321,147],{"class":75},[61,36323,4000],{"class":143},[61,36325,83],{"class":75},[61,36327,36328],{"class":9459}," start",[61,36330,72],{"class":71},[61,36332,2405],{"class":79},[61,36334,153],{"class":75},[20,36336,36337],{},"It has two parts:",[29,36339,36340,36345],{},[32,36341,36342,36344],{},[15,36343,4000],{},": the object you want to loop through",[32,36346,36347,36350],{},[15,36348,36349],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36352,36353,36354,140],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36355,2405],{},[20,36357,368],{},[52,36359,36361],{"className":54,"code":36360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36362,36363,36395,36399,36422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36364,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36366,1028],{"class":67},[61,36368,72],{"class":71},[61,36370,926],{"class":75},[61,36372,504],{"class":503},[61,36374,214],{"class":507},[61,36376,504],{"class":503},[61,36378,83],{"class":75},[61,36380,515],{"class":503},[61,36382,329],{"class":507},[61,36384,504],{"class":503},[61,36386,83],{"class":75},[61,36388,515],{"class":503},[61,36390,1071],{"class":507},[61,36392,504],{"class":503},[61,36394,943],{"class":75},[61,36396,36397],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36398,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36400,36401,36403,36406,36408,36411,36413,36415,36417,36420],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36402,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36404,36405],{"class":67}," i",[61,36407,83],{"class":75},[61,36409,36410],{"class":67}," letter ",[61,36412,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36414,36107],{"class":159},[61,36416,147],{"class":75},[61,36418,36419],{"class":143},"letters",[61,36421,8626],{"class":75},[61,36423,36424,36426,36428,36431,36433,36436],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36425,8352],{"class":159},[61,36427,147],{"class":75},[61,36429,36430],{"class":143},"i",[61,36432,83],{"class":75},[61,36434,36435],{"class":143}," letter",[61,36437,153],{"class":75},[20,36439,1598],{},[52,36441,36443],{"className":54,"code":36442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36444,36445,36452,36459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36446,36447,36449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36448,2405],{"class":79},[61,36450,36451],{"class":67}," a\n",[61,36453,36454,36456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36455,80],{"class":79},[61,36457,36458],{"class":67}," b\n",[61,36460,36461,36463],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36462,301],{"class":79},[61,36464,36465],{"class":67}," c\n",[20,36467,36468,36469,140],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[214,36470,13,36472,3790],{"href":36471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36473,36474],{},"range()",[47,36476,184,36478,11985],{"id":36477},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36479,36025],{},[20,36481,36482,36484,36485,140],{},[15,36483,36025],{}," returns an ",[39,36486,36487],{},"enumerate object",[20,36489,36490,36491,36493],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36492,6238],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[29,36495,36496],{},[32,36497,36498],{},[15,36499,36500],{},"(index, item)",[20,36502,36503],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36505,368],{},[52,36507,36509],{"className":54,"code":36508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36510,36511,36544,36548,36570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36512,36513,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36514,36515],{"class":67},"fruits ",[61,36517,72],{"class":71},[61,36519,926],{"class":75},[61,36521,504],{"class":503},[61,36523,508],{"class":507},[61,36525,504],{"class":503},[61,36527,83],{"class":75},[61,36529,515],{"class":503},[61,36531,518],{"class":507},[61,36533,504],{"class":503},[61,36535,83],{"class":75},[61,36537,515],{"class":503},[61,36539,527],{"class":507},[61,36541,504],{"class":503},[61,36543,943],{"class":75},[61,36545,36546],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36547,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36549,36550,36552,36554,36556,36559,36561,36563,36565,36568],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36551,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36553,36097],{"class":67},[61,36555,83],{"class":75},[61,36557,36558],{"class":67}," fruit ",[61,36560,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36562,36107],{"class":159},[61,36564,147],{"class":75},[61,36566,36567],{"class":143},"fruits",[61,36569,8626],{"class":75},[61,36571,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36583],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36573,8352],{"class":159},[61,36575,147],{"class":75},[61,36577,36122],{"class":143},[61,36579,83],{"class":75},[61,36581,36582],{"class":143}," fruit",[61,36584,153],{"class":75},[20,36586,36587],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[52,36589,36591],{"className":54,"code":36590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36592,36593,36613,36617,36635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36594,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36596,900],{"class":67},[61,36598,72],{"class":71},[61,36600,926],{"class":75},[61,36602,2613],{"class":79},[61,36604,83],{"class":75},[61,36606,8072],{"class":79},[61,36608,83],{"class":75},[61,36610,8077],{"class":79},[61,36612,943],{"class":75},[61,36614,36615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36616,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36618,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36620,132],{"class":67},[61,36622,72],{"class":71},[61,36624,22835],{"class":2071},[61,36626,147],{"class":75},[61,36628,36319],{"class":159},[61,36630,147],{"class":75},[61,36632,3929],{"class":143},[61,36634,1761],{"class":75},[61,36636,36637,36639,36641,36643],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36638,160],{"class":159},[61,36640,147],{"class":75},[61,36642,165],{"class":143},[61,36644,153],{"class":75},[20,36646,1598],{},[52,36648,36650],{"className":54,"code":36649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36651,36652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36653,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36655,22019],{"class":75},[61,36657,2405],{"class":79},[61,36659,83],{"class":75},[61,36661,6285],{"class":79},[61,36663,9517],{"class":75},[61,36665,1058],{"class":75},[61,36667,80],{"class":79},[61,36669,83],{"class":75},[61,36671,8072],{"class":79},[61,36673,9517],{"class":75},[61,36675,1058],{"class":75},[61,36677,301],{"class":79},[61,36679,83],{"class":75},[61,36681,8077],{"class":79},[61,36683,9532],{"class":75},[20,36685,36686,36687,36689],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36688,36025],{}," produces.",[47,36691,5240,36693],{"id":36692},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36694,36025],{},[20,36696,1503,36697,36699],{},[15,36698,36025],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36701,36702],{},"Common cases:",[29,36704,36705,36708,36711,36714],{},[32,36706,36707],{},"printing numbered output",[32,36709,36710],{},"building menus",[32,36712,36713],{},"showing positions in a list",[32,36715,36716],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36718,368],{},[52,36720,36722],{"className":54,"code":36721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36723,36724,36759,36763,36793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36725,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36737,36739,36741,36743,36746,36748,36750,36752,36755,36757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36727,30174],{"class":67},[61,36729,72],{"class":71},[61,36731,926],{"class":75},[61,36733,504],{"class":503},[61,36735,36736],{"class":507},"Wash dishes",[61,36738,504],{"class":503},[61,36740,83],{"class":75},[61,36742,515],{"class":503},[61,36744,36745],{"class":507},"Study Python",[61,36747,504],{"class":503},[61,36749,83],{"class":75},[61,36751,515],{"class":503},[61,36753,36754],{"class":507},"Go for a walk",[61,36756,504],{"class":503},[61,36758,943],{"class":75},[61,36760,36761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36762,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36764,36765,36767,36769,36771,36774,36776,36778,36780,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36766,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36768,2481],{"class":67},[61,36770,83],{"class":75},[61,36772,36773],{"class":67}," task ",[61,36775,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36777,36107],{"class":159},[61,36779,147],{"class":75},[61,36781,36782],{"class":143},"tasks",[61,36784,83],{"class":75},[61,36786,36328],{"class":9459},[61,36788,72],{"class":71},[61,36790,80],{"class":79},[61,36792,8626],{"class":75},[61,36794,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36816,36818,36820],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36796,8352],{"class":159},[61,36798,147],{"class":75},[61,36800,22570],{"class":2350},[61,36802,504],{"class":507},[61,36804,627],{"class":79},[61,36806,2523],{"class":143},[61,36808,22579],{"class":79},[61,36810,28590],{"class":507},[61,36812,627],{"class":79},[61,36814,36815],{"class":143},"task",[61,36817,22579],{"class":79},[61,36819,504],{"class":507},[61,36821,153],{"class":75},[20,36823,1598],{},[52,36825,36827],{"className":54,"code":36826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36828,36829,36841,36853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36830,36831,36833,36835,36838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36832,80],{"class":79},[61,36834,140],{"class":75},[61,36836,36837],{"class":2103}," Wash",[61,36839,36840],{"class":67}," dishes\n",[61,36842,36843,36845,36847,36850],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36844,301],{"class":79},[61,36846,140],{"class":75},[61,36848,36849],{"class":2103}," Study",[61,36851,36852],{"class":67}," Python\n",[61,36854,36855,36857,36859,36862,36864],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36856,107],{"class":79},[61,36858,140],{"class":75},[61,36860,36861],{"class":2103}," Go",[61,36863,4159],{"class":4158},[61,36865,36866],{"class":67}," a walk\n",[20,36868,36869,36870,36872,36873,140],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36871,36025],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36874,36875],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36877,36878,36879,140],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[214,36880,36882,36883,36885],{"href":36881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36884,36025],{}," in Python",[47,36887,36889,36890,36892],{"id":36888},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36891,36349],{}," argument",[20,36894,36895,36896,36898],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36897,36349],{}," argument.",[20,36900,36901,36902,11372,36904,192],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36903,80],{},[15,36905,2405],{},[52,36907,36909],{"className":54,"code":36908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36910,36911,36943,36947,36975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36912,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36914,13356],{"class":67},[61,36916,72],{"class":71},[61,36918,926],{"class":75},[61,36920,504],{"class":503},[61,36922,13373],{"class":507},[61,36924,504],{"class":503},[61,36926,83],{"class":75},[61,36928,515],{"class":503},[61,36930,17735],{"class":507},[61,36932,504],{"class":503},[61,36934,83],{"class":75},[61,36936,515],{"class":503},[61,36938,13390],{"class":507},[61,36940,504],{"class":503},[61,36942,943],{"class":75},[61,36944,36945],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36946,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,36948,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,36950,6238],{"class":4158},[61,36952,36097],{"class":67},[61,36954,83],{"class":75},[61,36956,36102],{"class":67},[61,36958,4165],{"class":4158},[61,36960,36107],{"class":159},[61,36962,147],{"class":75},[61,36964,17782],{"class":143},[61,36966,83],{"class":75},[61,36968,36328],{"class":9459},[61,36970,72],{"class":71},[61,36972,80],{"class":79},[61,36974,8626],{"class":75},[61,36976,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,36978,8352],{"class":159},[61,36980,147],{"class":75},[61,36982,36122],{"class":143},[61,36984,83],{"class":75},[61,36986,36127],{"class":143},[61,36988,153],{"class":75},[20,36990,1598],{},[52,36992,36994],{"className":54,"code":36993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36995,36996,37002,37008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36997,36998,37000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36999,80],{"class":79},[61,37001,36143],{"class":67},[61,37003,37004,37006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37005,301],{"class":79},[61,37007,36150],{"class":67},[61,37009,37010,37012],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37011,107],{"class":79},[61,37013,36157],{"class":67},[20,37015,37016],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37018,37019],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[47,37021,25633],{"id":25632},[20,37023,25636,37024,140],{},[15,37025,36025],{},[887,37027,37029],{"id":37028},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37031,37032],{},"In this loop:",[52,37034,37036],{"className":54,"code":37035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37037,37038,37058,37062,37082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37039,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37041,900],{"class":67},[61,37043,72],{"class":71},[61,37045,926],{"class":75},[61,37047,2613],{"class":79},[61,37049,83],{"class":75},[61,37051,8072],{"class":79},[61,37053,83],{"class":75},[61,37055,8077],{"class":79},[61,37057,943],{"class":75},[61,37059,37060],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37061,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,37063,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37065,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37067,36097],{"class":67},[61,37069,83],{"class":75},[61,37071,21863],{"class":67},[61,37073,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37075,36107],{"class":159},[61,37077,147],{"class":75},[61,37079,3929],{"class":143},[61,37081,8626],{"class":75},[61,37083,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37085,8352],{"class":159},[61,37087,147],{"class":75},[61,37089,36122],{"class":143},[61,37091,83],{"class":75},[61,37093,8717],{"class":143},[61,37095,153],{"class":75},[29,37097,37098,37108],{},[32,37099,37100,5062,37102,1830,37104,1830,37106],{},[15,37101,36122],{},[15,37103,2405],{},[15,37105,80],{},[15,37107,301],{},[32,37109,37110,5062,37112,1830,37114,1830,37116],{},[15,37111,2755],{},[15,37113,2613],{},[15,37115,16033],{},[15,37117,37118],{},"30",[20,37120,37121],{},"These are different things.",[887,37123,37125],{"id":37124},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37127,37128,37129,37131],{},"Each item from ",[15,37130,36025],{}," is a pair.",[20,37133,6967],{},[52,37135,37137],{"className":54,"code":37136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37138,37139,37163,37167,37187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37140,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37142,8061],{"class":67},[61,37144,72],{"class":71},[61,37146,926],{"class":75},[61,37148,504],{"class":503},[61,37150,2458],{"class":507},[61,37152,504],{"class":503},[61,37154,83],{"class":75},[61,37156,515],{"class":503},[61,37158,12025],{"class":507},[61,37160,504],{"class":503},[61,37162,943],{"class":75},[61,37164,37165],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37166,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,37168,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37170,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37172,36405],{"class":67},[61,37174,83],{"class":75},[61,37176,6241],{"class":67},[61,37178,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37180,36107],{"class":159},[61,37182,147],{"class":75},[61,37184,8092],{"class":143},[61,37186,8626],{"class":75},[61,37188,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37190,8352],{"class":159},[61,37192,147],{"class":75},[61,37194,36430],{"class":143},[61,37196,83],{"class":75},[61,37198,29783],{"class":143},[61,37200,153],{"class":75},[20,37202,37203],{},"But this causes an error:",[52,37205,37207],{"className":54,"code":37206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37208,37209,37233,37237,37262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37210,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37212,8061],{"class":67},[61,37214,72],{"class":71},[61,37216,926],{"class":75},[61,37218,504],{"class":503},[61,37220,2458],{"class":507},[61,37222,504],{"class":503},[61,37224,83],{"class":75},[61,37226,515],{"class":503},[61,37228,12025],{"class":507},[61,37230,504],{"class":503},[61,37232,943],{"class":75},[61,37234,37235],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37236,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,37238,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37240,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37242,36405],{"class":67},[61,37244,83],{"class":75},[61,37246,29783],{"class":67},[61,37248,83],{"class":75},[61,37250,37251],{"class":67}," extra ",[61,37253,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37255,36107],{"class":159},[61,37257,147],{"class":75},[61,37259,8092],{"class":143},[61,37261,8626],{"class":75},[61,37263,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37279],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37265,8352],{"class":159},[61,37267,147],{"class":75},[61,37269,36430],{"class":143},[61,37271,83],{"class":75},[61,37273,29783],{"class":143},[61,37275,83],{"class":75},[61,37277,37278],{"class":143}," extra",[61,37280,153],{"class":75},[20,37282,29337,37283,37285],{},[15,37284,36025],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[887,37287,37289,37291],{"id":37288},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37290,36025],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37293,37294],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37296,37297],{},"Example with a string:",[52,37299,37301],{"className":54,"code":37300,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37302,37303,37328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37304,37305,37307,37309,37311,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37306,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37308,36097],{"class":67},[61,37310,83],{"class":75},[61,37312,37313],{"class":67}," char ",[61,37315,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37317,36107],{"class":159},[61,37319,147],{"class":75},[61,37321,504],{"class":503},[61,37323,1218],{"class":507},[61,37325,504],{"class":503},[61,37327,8626],{"class":75},[61,37329,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37341],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37331,8352],{"class":159},[61,37333,147],{"class":75},[61,37335,36122],{"class":143},[61,37337,83],{"class":75},[61,37339,37340],{"class":143}," char",[61,37342,153],{"class":75},[20,37344,1598],{},[52,37346,37348],{"className":54,"code":37347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37349,37350,37356,37362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37351,37352,37354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37353,2405],{"class":79},[61,37355,36465],{"class":67},[61,37357,37358,37360],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37359,80],{"class":79},[61,37361,36451],{"class":67},[61,37363,37364,37366],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37365,301],{"class":79},[61,37367,37368],{"class":67}," t\n",[20,37370,37371,37372,140],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[214,37373,5416],{"href":5866},[887,37375,37377],{"id":37376},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37379,37380,37381,140],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37382,36025],{},[20,37384,37385,37386,37388],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37387,6238],{}," loop:",[52,37390,37392],{"className":54,"code":37391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37393,37394,37426,37430,37442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37395,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37397,13356],{"class":67},[61,37399,72],{"class":71},[61,37401,926],{"class":75},[61,37403,504],{"class":503},[61,37405,13373],{"class":507},[61,37407,504],{"class":503},[61,37409,83],{"class":75},[61,37411,515],{"class":503},[61,37413,17735],{"class":507},[61,37415,504],{"class":503},[61,37417,83],{"class":75},[61,37419,515],{"class":503},[61,37421,13390],{"class":507},[61,37423,504],{"class":503},[61,37425,943],{"class":75},[61,37427,37428],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37429,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,37431,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37433,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37435,36102],{"class":67},[61,37437,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37439,13404],{"class":67},[61,37441,6673],{"class":75},[61,37443,37444,37446,37448,37450],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37445,8352],{"class":159},[61,37447,147],{"class":75},[61,37449,33166],{"class":143},[61,37451,153],{"class":75},[20,37453,37454],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[47,37456,3111],{"id":3110},[20,37458,37459],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[29,37461,37462,37467,37473,37478],{},[32,37463,23376,37464,37466],{},[15,37465,36025],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[32,37468,37469,37470,37472],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37471,2405],{}," by default",[32,37474,716,37475,37477],{},[15,37476,36025],{}," when only values are needed",[32,37479,37480,37481,2020,37483],{},"Confusing ",[15,37482,36025],{},[15,37484,36474],{},[20,37486,37487],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[52,37489,37491],{"className":54,"code":37490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37492,37493,37515,37542,37576,37609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37494,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37496,160],{"class":159},[61,37498,147],{"class":75},[61,37500,36319],{"class":159},[61,37502,1878],{"class":75},[61,37504,2613],{"class":79},[61,37506,83],{"class":75},[61,37508,8072],{"class":79},[61,37510,83],{"class":75},[61,37512,8077],{"class":79},[61,37514,3279],{"class":75},[61,37516,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37518,160],{"class":159},[61,37520,147],{"class":75},[61,37522,8377],{"class":2071},[61,37524,147],{"class":75},[61,37526,36319],{"class":159},[61,37528,1878],{"class":75},[61,37530,2613],{"class":79},[61,37532,83],{"class":75},[61,37534,8072],{"class":79},[61,37536,83],{"class":75},[61,37538,8077],{"class":79},[61,37540,37541],{"class":75},"])))\n",[61,37543,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37545,160],{"class":159},[61,37547,147],{"class":75},[61,37549,8377],{"class":2071},[61,37551,147],{"class":75},[61,37553,36319],{"class":159},[61,37555,1878],{"class":75},[61,37557,2613],{"class":79},[61,37559,83],{"class":75},[61,37561,8072],{"class":79},[61,37563,83],{"class":75},[61,37565,8077],{"class":79},[61,37567,18342],{"class":75},[61,37569,36328],{"class":9459},[61,37571,72],{"class":71},[61,37573,80],{"class":79},[61,37575,3193],{"class":75},[61,37577,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37579,6238],{"class":4158},[61,37581,36405],{"class":67},[61,37583,83],{"class":75},[61,37585,21863],{"class":67},[61,37587,4165],{"class":4158},[61,37589,36107],{"class":159},[61,37591,1878],{"class":75},[61,37593,630],{"class":503},[61,37595,214],{"class":507},[61,37597,630],{"class":503},[61,37599,83],{"class":75},[61,37601,639],{"class":503},[61,37603,329],{"class":507},[61,37605,630],{"class":503},[61,37607,37608],{"class":75},"]):\n",[61,37610,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,37612,8352],{"class":159},[61,37614,147],{"class":75},[61,37616,36430],{"class":143},[61,37618,83],{"class":75},[61,37620,8717],{"class":143},[61,37622,153],{"class":75},[20,37624,17238],{},[52,37626,37628],{"className":54,"code":37627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37629,37630,37650,37682,37714,37720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37631,37632,37634,37636,37638,37641,37645,37648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37633,3571],{"class":71},[61,37635,36319],{"class":159},[61,37637,24893],{"class":2071},[61,37639,37640],{"class":67}," at ",[61,37642,37644],{"class":37643},"srjyR","0x",[61,37646,37647],{"class":34728},"...",[61,37649,3583],{"class":71},[61,37651,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37653,22019],{"class":75},[61,37655,2405],{"class":79},[61,37657,83],{"class":75},[61,37659,6285],{"class":79},[61,37661,9517],{"class":75},[61,37663,1058],{"class":75},[61,37665,80],{"class":79},[61,37667,83],{"class":75},[61,37669,8072],{"class":79},[61,37671,9517],{"class":75},[61,37673,1058],{"class":75},[61,37675,301],{"class":79},[61,37677,83],{"class":75},[61,37679,8077],{"class":79},[61,37681,9532],{"class":75},[61,37683,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37685,22019],{"class":75},[61,37687,80],{"class":79},[61,37689,83],{"class":75},[61,37691,6285],{"class":79},[61,37693,9517],{"class":75},[61,37695,1058],{"class":75},[61,37697,301],{"class":79},[61,37699,83],{"class":75},[61,37701,8072],{"class":79},[61,37703,9517],{"class":75},[61,37705,1058],{"class":75},[61,37707,107],{"class":79},[61,37709,83],{"class":75},[61,37711,8077],{"class":79},[61,37713,9532],{"class":75},[61,37715,37716,37718],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,37717,2405],{"class":79},[61,37719,36451],{"class":67},[61,37721,37722,37724],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,37723,80],{"class":79},[61,37725,36458],{"class":67},[47,37727,2109],{"id":2108},[887,37729,5422,37731,5425],{"id":37730},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37732,36025],{},[20,37734,37735],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[887,37737,2113,37739,37741],{"id":37738},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37740,36025],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37743,37744,37745,37747,37748,37751],{},"It starts at ",[15,37746,2405],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37749,37750],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[887,37753,21699,37755,11372,37757,2159],{"id":37754},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37756,36025],{},[15,37758,37759],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37761,36869,37762,37764],{},[15,37763,36025],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[887,37766,2123,37768,37770],{"id":37767},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37769,36025],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37772,37773,37774,37776],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37775,36025],{}," can return each character with its index.",[47,37778,2172],{"id":2171},[29,37780,37781,37785,37791,37798],{},[32,37782,37783],{},[214,37784,36305],{"href":36304},[32,37786,37787],{},[214,37788,13,37789,3790],{"href":36471},[15,37790,36474],{},[32,37792,37793],{},[214,37794,37795,37796,36885],{"href":36881},"How to use ",[15,37797,36025],{},[32,37799,37800],{},[214,37801,5495],{"href":5866},[2204,37803,37804],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":37806},[37807,37808,37810,37811,37813,37815,37817,37824,37825,37835],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":36165,"depth":97,"text":37809},"What enumerate() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":36477,"depth":97,"text":37812},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36692,"depth":97,"text":37814},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36888,"depth":97,"text":37816},"Using the start argument",{"id":25632,"depth":97,"text":25633,"children":37818},[37819,37820,37821,37823],{"id":37028,"depth":122,"text":37029},{"id":37124,"depth":122,"text":37125},{"id":37288,"depth":122,"text":37822},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37376,"depth":122,"text":37377},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":37826},[37827,37829,37831,37833],{"id":37730,"depth":122,"text":37828},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37738,"depth":122,"text":37830},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37754,"depth":122,"text":37832},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37767,"depth":122,"text":37834},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36017,"description":37836},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37843,"title":37844,"body":37845,"description":40361,"extension":2249,"meta":40362,"navigation":125,"path":40363,"seo":40364,"stem":40365,"__hash__":40366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37846,"toc":40318},[37847,37853,37858,37861,37869,37883,37885,37976,37984,37989,37994,37996,38012,38014,38093,38095,38112,38118,38122,38124,38145,38149,38152,38164,38168,38171,38174,38191,38194,38270,38272,38289,38294,38298,38306,38309,38324,38326,38415,38417,38462,38465,38469,38472,38551,38553,38575,38578,38585,38590,38593,38696,38698,38723,38726,38733,38739,38744,38747,38758,38864,38866,38887,38895,38902,38908,38927,38932,38935,38954,38956,39041,39043,39072,39075,39080,39085,39088,39099,39101,39190,39192,39212,39218,39324,39326,39346,39349,39433,39435,39455,39462,39464,39468,39474,39477,39534,39537,39540,39601,39610,39613,39616,39644,39647,39707,39709,39726,39730,39733,39811,39813,39833,39836,39911,39915,39918,39920,39929,39934,39936,39987,39995,40007,40012,40073,40075,40092,40096,40159,40161,40186,40194,40196,40202,40208,40215,40223,40229,40232,40239,40249,40255,40261,40264,40281,40287,40289,40315],[10,37848,13,37850,3860],{"id":37849},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37851,37852],{},"filter()",[20,37854,37855,37857],{},[15,37856,37852],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37859,37860],{},"It takes:",[29,37862,37863,37866],{},[32,37864,37865],{},"a function that checks each item",[32,37867,37868],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37870,37871,37872,37875,37876,37879,37880,37882],{},"The result is ",[39,37873,37874],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37877,37878],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37881,25056],{}," to see the values.",[47,37884,50],{"id":49},[52,37886,37888],{"className":54,"code":37887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37889,37890,37923,37959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37891,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37893,900],{"class":67},[61,37895,72],{"class":71},[61,37897,926],{"class":75},[61,37899,80],{"class":79},[61,37901,83],{"class":75},[61,37903,86],{"class":79},[61,37905,83],{"class":75},[61,37907,91],{"class":79},[61,37909,83],{"class":75},[61,37911,112],{"class":79},[61,37913,83],{"class":75},[61,37915,117],{"class":79},[61,37917,83],{"class":75},[61,37919,37920],{"class":79}," 6",[61,37922,943],{"class":75},[61,37924,37925,37927,37929,37932,37934,37937,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37926,132],{"class":67},[61,37928,72],{"class":71},[61,37930,37931],{"class":159}," filter",[61,37933,147],{"class":75},[61,37935,37936],{"class":2350},"lambda",[61,37938,37940],{"class":37939},"sFwrP"," x",[61,37942,192],{"class":75},[61,37944,4162],{"class":143},[61,37946,6683],{"class":71},[61,37948,86],{"class":79},[61,37950,6688],{"class":71},[61,37952,4114],{"class":79},[61,37954,83],{"class":75},[61,37956,956],{"class":143},[61,37958,153],{"class":75},[61,37960,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,37962,160],{"class":159},[61,37964,147],{"class":75},[61,37966,8377],{"class":2071},[61,37968,147],{"class":75},[61,37970,165],{"class":143},[61,37972,5641],{"class":75},[61,37974,37975],{"class":173},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37977,37978,37980,37981,37983],{},[15,37979,37852],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37982,25056],{}," to see the results.",[47,37985,184,37987,187],{"id":37986},"what-filter-does",[15,37988,37852],{},[20,37990,37991,37993],{},[15,37992,37852],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37995,2392],{},[29,37997,37998,38001,38007],{},[32,37999,38000],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[32,38002,38003,38004,38006],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38005,3885],{},", the item is kept",[32,38008,38003,38009,38011],{},[15,38010,3954],{},", the item is removed",[20,38013,368],{},[52,38015,38017],{"className":54,"code":38016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38018,38019,38047,38051,38079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38020,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38022,900],{"class":67},[61,38024,72],{"class":71},[61,38026,926],{"class":75},[61,38028,80],{"class":79},[61,38030,83],{"class":75},[61,38032,86],{"class":79},[61,38034,83],{"class":75},[61,38036,91],{"class":79},[61,38038,83],{"class":75},[61,38040,112],{"class":79},[61,38042,83],{"class":75},[61,38044,117],{"class":79},[61,38046,943],{"class":75},[61,38048,38049],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38050,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38052,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38054,132],{"class":67},[61,38056,72],{"class":71},[61,38058,37931],{"class":159},[61,38060,147],{"class":75},[61,38062,37936],{"class":2350},[61,38064,37940],{"class":37939},[61,38066,192],{"class":75},[61,38068,4162],{"class":143},[61,38070,4533],{"class":71},[61,38072,91],{"class":79},[61,38074,83],{"class":75},[61,38076,956],{"class":143},[61,38078,153],{"class":75},[61,38080,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38082,160],{"class":159},[61,38084,147],{"class":75},[61,38086,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38088,147],{"class":75},[61,38090,165],{"class":143},[61,38092,1761],{"class":75},[20,38094,1598],{},[52,38096,38098],{"className":54,"code":38097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38099,38100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38101,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38103,4182],{"class":75},[61,38105,788],{"class":79},[61,38107,83],{"class":75},[61,38109,117],{"class":79},[61,38111,943],{"class":75},[20,38113,38114,38115,38117],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38116,107],{}," are kept.",[47,38119,38121],{"id":38120},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38123,2444],{},[52,38125,38127],{"className":54,"code":38126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38128,38129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38130,38131,38133,38135,38138,38140,38143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38132,37878],{"class":159},[61,38134,147],{"class":75},[61,38136,38137],{"class":143},"function",[61,38139,83],{"class":75},[61,38141,38142],{"class":143}," iterable",[61,38144,153],{"class":75},[887,38146,38147],{"id":38137},[15,38148,38137],{},[20,38150,38151],{},"This is the test function.",[29,38153,38154,38157],{},[32,38155,38156],{},"It receives one item at a time",[32,38158,38159,38160,3159,38162],{},"It should return ",[15,38161,3885],{},[15,38163,3954],{},[887,38165,38166],{"id":4000},[15,38167,4000],{},[20,38169,38170],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38172,38173],{},"It can be:",[29,38175,38176,38179,38182,38185,38188],{},[32,38177,38178],{},"a list",[32,38180,38181],{},"a tuple",[32,38183,38184],{},"a string",[32,38186,38187],{},"a set",[32,38189,38190],{},"another iterable object",[20,38192,38193],{},"Example with a tuple:",[52,38195,38197],{"className":54,"code":38196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38198,38199,38224,38228,38256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38200,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38202,900],{"class":67},[61,38204,72],{"class":71},[61,38206,1058],{"class":75},[61,38208,2613],{"class":79},[61,38210,83],{"class":75},[61,38212,38213],{"class":79}," 15",[61,38215,83],{"class":75},[61,38217,8072],{"class":79},[61,38219,83],{"class":75},[61,38221,9588],{"class":79},[61,38223,153],{"class":75},[61,38225,38226],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38227,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38229,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38231,132],{"class":67},[61,38233,72],{"class":71},[61,38235,37931],{"class":159},[61,38237,147],{"class":75},[61,38239,37936],{"class":2350},[61,38241,37940],{"class":37939},[61,38243,192],{"class":75},[61,38245,4162],{"class":143},[61,38247,5378],{"class":71},[61,38249,8072],{"class":79},[61,38251,83],{"class":75},[61,38253,956],{"class":143},[61,38255,153],{"class":75},[61,38257,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38259,160],{"class":159},[61,38261,147],{"class":75},[61,38263,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38265,147],{"class":75},[61,38267,165],{"class":143},[61,38269,1761],{"class":75},[20,38271,1598],{},[52,38273,38275],{"className":54,"code":38274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38276,38277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38278,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38280,4182],{"class":75},[61,38282,16033],{"class":79},[61,38284,83],{"class":75},[61,38286,9588],{"class":79},[61,38288,943],{"class":75},[20,38290,38291,38292,140],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[214,38293,5416],{"href":5866},[47,38295,38297],{"id":38296},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38299,38300,38301,22252,38303,140],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38302,37852],{},[39,38304,38305],{},"filter object",[20,38307,38308],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[29,38310,38311,38314,38319],{},[32,38312,38313],{},"loop through it",[32,38315,38316,38317],{},"convert it with ",[15,38318,25056],{},[32,38320,38316,38321],{},[15,38322,38323],{},"tuple()",[20,38325,368],{},[52,38327,38329],{"className":54,"code":38328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38330,38331,38373,38377,38387,38401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38332,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38334,132],{"class":67},[61,38336,72],{"class":71},[61,38338,37931],{"class":159},[61,38340,147],{"class":75},[61,38342,37936],{"class":2350},[61,38344,37940],{"class":37939},[61,38346,192],{"class":75},[61,38348,4162],{"class":143},[61,38350,4533],{"class":71},[61,38352,86],{"class":79},[61,38354,83],{"class":75},[61,38356,926],{"class":75},[61,38358,80],{"class":79},[61,38360,83],{"class":75},[61,38362,86],{"class":79},[61,38364,83],{"class":75},[61,38366,91],{"class":79},[61,38368,83],{"class":75},[61,38370,112],{"class":79},[61,38372,1887],{"class":75},[61,38374,38375],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38376,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38378,38379,38381,38383,38385],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38380,160],{"class":159},[61,38382,147],{"class":75},[61,38384,165],{"class":143},[61,38386,153],{"class":75},[61,38388,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38390,160],{"class":159},[61,38392,147],{"class":75},[61,38394,2072],{"class":2071},[61,38396,147],{"class":75},[61,38398,165],{"class":143},[61,38400,1761],{"class":75},[61,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,38404,160],{"class":159},[61,38406,147],{"class":75},[61,38408,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38410,147],{"class":75},[61,38412,165],{"class":143},[61,38414,1761],{"class":75},[20,38416,1598],{},[52,38418,38420],{"className":54,"code":38419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38421,38422,38436,38450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38423,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38425,3571],{"class":71},[61,38427,37878],{"class":159},[61,38429,24893],{"class":2071},[61,38431,37640],{"class":67},[61,38433,37647],{"class":34728},[61,38435,3583],{"class":71},[61,38437,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38439,3571],{"class":71},[61,38441,3574],{"class":2350},[61,38443,639],{"class":503},[61,38445,37878],{"class":507},[61,38447,630],{"class":503},[61,38449,3583],{"class":71},[61,38451,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38453,4182],{"class":75},[61,38455,107],{"class":79},[61,38457,83],{"class":75},[61,38459,112],{"class":79},[61,38461,943],{"class":75},[20,38463,38464],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[887,38466,38468],{"id":38467},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38470,38471],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[52,38473,38475],{"className":54,"code":38474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38476,38477,38519,38523,38537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38478,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38480,132],{"class":67},[61,38482,72],{"class":71},[61,38484,37931],{"class":159},[61,38486,147],{"class":75},[61,38488,37936],{"class":2350},[61,38490,37940],{"class":37939},[61,38492,192],{"class":75},[61,38494,4162],{"class":143},[61,38496,4533],{"class":71},[61,38498,86],{"class":79},[61,38500,83],{"class":75},[61,38502,926],{"class":75},[61,38504,80],{"class":79},[61,38506,83],{"class":75},[61,38508,86],{"class":79},[61,38510,83],{"class":75},[61,38512,91],{"class":79},[61,38514,83],{"class":75},[61,38516,112],{"class":79},[61,38518,1887],{"class":75},[61,38520,38521],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38522,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38524,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38526,160],{"class":159},[61,38528,147],{"class":75},[61,38530,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38532,147],{"class":75},[61,38534,165],{"class":143},[61,38536,1761],{"class":75},[61,38538,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38540,160],{"class":159},[61,38542,147],{"class":75},[61,38544,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38546,147],{"class":75},[61,38548,165],{"class":143},[61,38550,1761],{"class":75},[20,38552,1598],{},[52,38554,38556],{"className":54,"code":38555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38557,38558,38570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38561,4182],{"class":75},[61,38563,107],{"class":79},[61,38565,83],{"class":75},[61,38567,112],{"class":79},[61,38569,943],{"class":75},[61,38571,38572],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38573,38574],{"class":75},"[]\n",[20,38576,38577],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[47,38579,716,38581,2020,38583],{"id":38580},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38582,37852],{},[15,38584,37936],{},[20,38586,15469,38587,38589],{},[15,38588,37936],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38591,38592],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[52,38594,38596],{"className":54,"code":38595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38597,38598,38640,38644,38682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38599,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38636,38638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38601,1778],{"class":67},[61,38603,72],{"class":71},[61,38605,926],{"class":75},[61,38607,504],{"class":503},[61,38609,508],{"class":507},[61,38611,504],{"class":503},[61,38613,83],{"class":75},[61,38615,515],{"class":503},[61,38617,38618],{"class":507},"kiwi",[61,38620,504],{"class":503},[61,38622,83],{"class":75},[61,38624,515],{"class":503},[61,38626,518],{"class":507},[61,38628,504],{"class":503},[61,38630,83],{"class":75},[61,38632,515],{"class":503},[61,38634,38635],{"class":507},"fig",[61,38637,504],{"class":503},[61,38639,943],{"class":75},[61,38641,38642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38643,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38645,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38659,38661,38664,38666,38669,38671,38674,38676,38678,38680],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38647,132],{"class":67},[61,38649,72],{"class":71},[61,38651,37931],{"class":159},[61,38653,147],{"class":75},[61,38655,37936],{"class":2350},[61,38657,38658],{"class":37939}," word",[61,38660,192],{"class":75},[61,38662,38663],{"class":159}," len",[61,38665,147],{"class":75},[61,38667,38668],{"class":143},"word",[61,38670,442],{"class":75},[61,38672,38673],{"class":71}," >",[61,38675,112],{"class":79},[61,38677,83],{"class":75},[61,38679,1800],{"class":143},[61,38681,153],{"class":75},[61,38683,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38685,160],{"class":159},[61,38687,147],{"class":75},[61,38689,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38691,147],{"class":75},[61,38693,165],{"class":143},[61,38695,1761],{"class":75},[20,38697,1598],{},[52,38699,38701],{"className":54,"code":38700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38702,38703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38706,4182],{"class":75},[61,38708,630],{"class":503},[61,38710,508],{"class":507},[61,38712,630],{"class":503},[61,38714,83],{"class":75},[61,38716,639],{"class":503},[61,38718,518],{"class":507},[61,38720,630],{"class":503},[61,38722,943],{"class":75},[20,38724,38725],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38727,38728,38729,140],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[214,38730,38732],{"href":38731},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[47,38734,716,38736,38738],{"id":38735},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38737,37852],{}," with a named function",[20,38740,38741,38742,140],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38743,37936],{},[20,38745,38746],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[29,38748,38749,38752,38755],{},[32,38750,38751],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[32,38753,38754],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[32,38756,38757],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[52,38759,38761],{"className":54,"code":38760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38762,38763,38776,38791,38795,38827,38846,38850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38764,38765,38767,38770,38772,38774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38766,35126],{"class":2350},[61,38768,38769],{"class":35129}," is_even",[61,38771,147],{"class":75},[61,38773,2523],{"class":37939},[61,38775,8626],{"class":75},[61,38777,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38779,35137],{"class":4158},[61,38781,6666],{"class":67},[61,38783,6683],{"class":71},[61,38785,86],{"class":79},[61,38787,6688],{"class":71},[61,38789,38790],{"class":79}," 0\n",[61,38792,38793],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,38794,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38796,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,38798,900],{"class":67},[61,38800,72],{"class":71},[61,38802,926],{"class":75},[61,38804,80],{"class":79},[61,38806,83],{"class":75},[61,38808,86],{"class":79},[61,38810,83],{"class":75},[61,38812,91],{"class":79},[61,38814,83],{"class":75},[61,38816,112],{"class":79},[61,38818,83],{"class":75},[61,38820,117],{"class":79},[61,38822,83],{"class":75},[61,38824,37920],{"class":79},[61,38826,943],{"class":75},[61,38828,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38840,38842,38844],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,38830,132],{"class":67},[61,38832,72],{"class":71},[61,38834,37931],{"class":159},[61,38836,147],{"class":75},[61,38838,38839],{"class":143},"is_even",[61,38841,83],{"class":75},[61,38843,956],{"class":143},[61,38845,153],{"class":75},[61,38847,38848],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,38849,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,38851,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,38853,160],{"class":159},[61,38855,147],{"class":75},[61,38857,8377],{"class":2071},[61,38859,147],{"class":75},[61,38861,165],{"class":143},[61,38863,1761],{"class":75},[20,38865,1598],{},[52,38867,38869],{"className":54,"code":38868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38870,38871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38872,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38874,4182],{"class":75},[61,38876,301],{"class":79},[61,38878,83],{"class":75},[61,38880,112],{"class":79},[61,38882,83],{"class":75},[61,38884,37920],{"class":79},[61,38886,943],{"class":75},[20,38888,21050,38889,2680,38892,38894],{},[15,38890,38891],{},"is_even()",[15,38893,3885],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[47,38896,716,38898,2020,38900],{"id":38897},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38899,4058],{},[15,38901,37852],{},[20,38903,38904,38905,38907],{},"You can pass ",[15,38906,4058],{}," as the first argument:",[52,38909,38911],{"className":54,"code":38910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38912,38913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38914,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38916,37878],{"class":159},[61,38918,147],{"class":75},[61,38920,4058],{"class":4133},[61,38922,83],{"class":75},[61,38924,38142],{"class":143},[61,38926,153],{"class":75},[20,38928,38929,38930,7620],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[39,38931,5876],{},[20,38933,38934],{},"Falsy values include:",[29,38936,38937,38941,38946,38950],{},[32,38938,38939],{},[15,38940,2405],{},[32,38942,38943,38945],{},[15,38944,4053],{}," (empty string)",[32,38947,38948],{},[15,38949,4058],{},[32,38951,38952],{},[15,38953,3954],{},[20,38955,368],{},[52,38957,38959],{"className":54,"code":38958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38960,38961,39005,39009,39027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38962,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38964,8061],{"class":67},[61,38966,72],{"class":71},[61,38968,926],{"class":75},[61,38970,2405],{"class":79},[61,38972,83],{"class":75},[61,38974,1720],{"class":79},[61,38976,83],{"class":75},[61,38978,6407],{"class":503},[61,38980,83],{"class":75},[61,38982,515],{"class":503},[61,38984,4126],{"class":507},[61,38986,504],{"class":503},[61,38988,83],{"class":75},[61,38990,4134],{"class":4133},[61,38992,83],{"class":75},[61,38994,4198],{"class":4133},[61,38996,83],{"class":75},[61,38998,4189],{"class":4133},[61,39000,83],{"class":75},[61,39002,117],{"class":79},[61,39004,943],{"class":75},[61,39006,39007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39008,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39010,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39012,132],{"class":67},[61,39014,72],{"class":71},[61,39016,37931],{"class":159},[61,39018,147],{"class":75},[61,39020,4058],{"class":4133},[61,39022,83],{"class":75},[61,39024,6246],{"class":143},[61,39026,153],{"class":75},[61,39028,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39030,160],{"class":159},[61,39032,147],{"class":75},[61,39034,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39036,147],{"class":75},[61,39038,165],{"class":143},[61,39040,1761],{"class":75},[20,39042,1598],{},[52,39044,39046],{"className":54,"code":39045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39047,39048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39049,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39051,4182],{"class":75},[61,39053,80],{"class":79},[61,39055,83],{"class":75},[61,39057,639],{"class":503},[61,39059,4126],{"class":507},[61,39061,630],{"class":503},[61,39063,83],{"class":75},[61,39065,4198],{"class":4133},[61,39067,83],{"class":75},[61,39069,117],{"class":79},[61,39071,943],{"class":75},[20,39073,39074],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[47,39076,5240,39078],{"id":39077},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39079,37852],{},[20,39081,1503,39082,39084],{},[15,39083,37852],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39086,39087],{},"It works well for:",[29,39089,39090,39093,39096],{},[32,39091,39092],{},"simple filtering rules",[32,39094,39095],{},"quick data cleaning",[32,39097,39098],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39100,368],{},[52,39102,39104],{"className":54,"code":39103,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39105,39106,39138,39171,39175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39107,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39109,900],{"class":67},[61,39111,72],{"class":71},[61,39113,926],{"class":75},[61,39115,80],{"class":79},[61,39117,83],{"class":75},[61,39119,86],{"class":79},[61,39121,83],{"class":75},[61,39123,91],{"class":79},[61,39125,83],{"class":75},[61,39127,112],{"class":79},[61,39129,83],{"class":75},[61,39131,117],{"class":79},[61,39133,83],{"class":75},[61,39135,37920],{"class":79},[61,39137,943],{"class":75},[61,39139,39140,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39141,39142],{"class":67},"evens ",[61,39144,72],{"class":71},[61,39146,37931],{"class":159},[61,39148,147],{"class":75},[61,39150,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39152,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39154,192],{"class":75},[61,39156,4162],{"class":143},[61,39158,6683],{"class":71},[61,39160,86],{"class":79},[61,39162,6688],{"class":71},[61,39164,4114],{"class":79},[61,39166,83],{"class":75},[61,39168,956],{"class":143},[61,39170,153],{"class":75},[61,39172,39173],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39174,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39176,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39188],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39178,160],{"class":159},[61,39180,147],{"class":75},[61,39182,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39184,147],{"class":75},[61,39186,39187],{"class":143},"evens",[61,39189,1761],{"class":75},[20,39191,1598],{},[52,39193,39194],{"className":54,"code":38868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39195,39196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39199,4182],{"class":75},[61,39201,301],{"class":79},[61,39203,83],{"class":75},[61,39205,112],{"class":79},[61,39207,83],{"class":75},[61,39209,37920],{"class":79},[61,39211,943],{"class":75},[20,39213,39214,39215,39217],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39216,6238],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[52,39219,39221],{"className":54,"code":39220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39222,39223,39255,39263,39267,39279,39295,39310,39314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39224,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39226,900],{"class":67},[61,39228,72],{"class":71},[61,39230,926],{"class":75},[61,39232,80],{"class":79},[61,39234,83],{"class":75},[61,39236,86],{"class":79},[61,39238,83],{"class":75},[61,39240,91],{"class":79},[61,39242,83],{"class":75},[61,39244,112],{"class":79},[61,39246,83],{"class":75},[61,39248,117],{"class":79},[61,39250,83],{"class":75},[61,39252,37920],{"class":79},[61,39254,943],{"class":75},[61,39256,39257,39259,39261],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39258,39142],{"class":67},[61,39260,72],{"class":71},[61,39262,8121],{"class":75},[61,39264,39265],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39266,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39268,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39270,6238],{"class":4158},[61,39272,6666],{"class":67},[61,39274,4165],{"class":4158},[61,39276,956],{"class":67},[61,39278,6673],{"class":75},[61,39280,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,39282,6678],{"class":4158},[61,39284,6666],{"class":67},[61,39286,6683],{"class":71},[61,39288,86],{"class":79},[61,39290,6688],{"class":71},[61,39292,4114],{"class":79},[61,39294,6673],{"class":75},[61,39296,39297,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,39298,39299],{"class":67},"        evens",[61,39301,140],{"class":75},[61,39303,13834],{"class":143},[61,39305,147],{"class":75},[61,39307,2523],{"class":143},[61,39309,153],{"class":75},[61,39311,39312],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,39313,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39315,39316,39318,39320,39322],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,39317,160],{"class":159},[61,39319,147],{"class":75},[61,39321,39187],{"class":143},[61,39323,153],{"class":75},[20,39325,1598],{},[52,39327,39328],{"className":54,"code":38868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39329,39330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39331,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39333,4182],{"class":75},[61,39335,301],{"class":79},[61,39337,83],{"class":75},[61,39339,112],{"class":79},[61,39341,83],{"class":75},[61,39343,37920],{"class":79},[61,39345,943],{"class":75},[20,39347,39348],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[52,39350,39352],{"className":54,"code":39351,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39353,39354,39386,39419,39423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39355,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39357,900],{"class":67},[61,39359,72],{"class":71},[61,39361,926],{"class":75},[61,39363,80],{"class":79},[61,39365,83],{"class":75},[61,39367,86],{"class":79},[61,39369,83],{"class":75},[61,39371,91],{"class":79},[61,39373,83],{"class":75},[61,39375,112],{"class":79},[61,39377,83],{"class":75},[61,39379,117],{"class":79},[61,39381,83],{"class":75},[61,39383,37920],{"class":79},[61,39385,943],{"class":75},[61,39387,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39389,39142],{"class":67},[61,39391,72],{"class":71},[61,39393,926],{"class":75},[61,39395,2501],{"class":67},[61,39397,6238],{"class":4158},[61,39399,6666],{"class":67},[61,39401,4165],{"class":4158},[61,39403,39404],{"class":67}," numbers ",[61,39406,7277],{"class":4158},[61,39408,6666],{"class":67},[61,39410,6683],{"class":71},[61,39412,86],{"class":79},[61,39414,6688],{"class":71},[61,39416,4114],{"class":79},[61,39418,943],{"class":75},[61,39420,39421],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39422,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39424,39425,39427,39429,39431],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39426,160],{"class":159},[61,39428,147],{"class":75},[61,39430,39187],{"class":143},[61,39432,153],{"class":75},[20,39434,1598],{},[52,39436,39437],{"className":54,"code":38868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39438,39439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39442,4182],{"class":75},[61,39444,301],{"class":79},[61,39446,83],{"class":75},[61,39448,112],{"class":79},[61,39450,83],{"class":75},[61,39452,37920],{"class":79},[61,39454,943],{"class":75},[20,39456,39457,39458,140],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[214,39459,39461],{"href":39460},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[47,39463,3111],{"id":3110},[20,39465,15014,39466,140],{},[15,39467,37852],{},[887,39469,1524,39471,39473],{"id":39470},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39472,37852],{}," to return a list",[20,39475,39476],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[52,39478,39480],{"className":54,"code":39479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39481,39482,39524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39483,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39485,132],{"class":67},[61,39487,72],{"class":71},[61,39489,37931],{"class":159},[61,39491,147],{"class":75},[61,39493,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39495,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39497,192],{"class":75},[61,39499,4162],{"class":143},[61,39501,4533],{"class":71},[61,39503,86],{"class":79},[61,39505,83],{"class":75},[61,39507,926],{"class":75},[61,39509,80],{"class":79},[61,39511,83],{"class":75},[61,39513,86],{"class":79},[61,39515,83],{"class":75},[61,39517,91],{"class":79},[61,39519,83],{"class":75},[61,39521,112],{"class":79},[61,39523,1887],{"class":75},[61,39525,39526,39528,39530,39532],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39527,160],{"class":159},[61,39529,147],{"class":75},[61,39531,165],{"class":143},[61,39533,153],{"class":75},[20,39535,39536],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39538,39539],{},"Fix:",[52,39541,39543],{"className":54,"code":39542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39544,39545,39587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39546,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39548,132],{"class":67},[61,39550,72],{"class":71},[61,39552,37931],{"class":159},[61,39554,147],{"class":75},[61,39556,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39558,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39560,192],{"class":75},[61,39562,4162],{"class":143},[61,39564,4533],{"class":71},[61,39566,86],{"class":79},[61,39568,83],{"class":75},[61,39570,926],{"class":75},[61,39572,80],{"class":79},[61,39574,83],{"class":75},[61,39576,86],{"class":79},[61,39578,83],{"class":75},[61,39580,91],{"class":79},[61,39582,83],{"class":75},[61,39584,112],{"class":79},[61,39586,1887],{"class":75},[61,39588,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39590,160],{"class":159},[61,39592,147],{"class":75},[61,39594,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39596,147],{"class":75},[61,39598,165],{"class":143},[61,39600,1761],{"class":75},[887,39602,39604,39605,3159,39607,39609],{"id":39603},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39606,3885],{},[15,39608,3954],{}," clearly",[20,39611,39612],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39614,39615],{},"Good example:",[52,39617,39619],{"className":54,"code":39618,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39620,39621,39634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39622,39623,39625,39628,39630,39632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39624,35126],{"class":2350},[61,39626,39627],{"class":35129}," is_positive",[61,39629,147],{"class":75},[61,39631,2523],{"class":37939},[61,39633,8626],{"class":75},[61,39635,39636,39638,39640,39642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39637,35137],{"class":4158},[61,39639,6666],{"class":67},[61,39641,4533],{"class":71},[61,39643,38790],{"class":79},[20,39645,39646],{},"Then use it with:",[52,39648,39650],{"className":54,"code":39649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39651,39652,39684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39653,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39655,900],{"class":67},[61,39657,72],{"class":71},[61,39659,926],{"class":75},[61,39661,2308],{"class":71},[61,39663,301],{"class":79},[61,39665,83],{"class":75},[61,39667,2506],{"class":71},[61,39669,80],{"class":79},[61,39671,83],{"class":75},[61,39673,4114],{"class":79},[61,39675,83],{"class":75},[61,39677,1720],{"class":79},[61,39679,83],{"class":75},[61,39681,86],{"class":79},[61,39683,943],{"class":75},[61,39685,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39701,39703,39705],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39687,160],{"class":159},[61,39689,147],{"class":75},[61,39691,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39693,147],{"class":75},[61,39695,37878],{"class":159},[61,39697,147],{"class":75},[61,39699,39700],{"class":143},"is_positive",[61,39702,83],{"class":75},[61,39704,956],{"class":143},[61,39706,3193],{"class":75},[20,39708,1598],{},[52,39710,39712],{"className":54,"code":39711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39713,39714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39715,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39717,4182],{"class":75},[61,39719,80],{"class":79},[61,39721,83],{"class":75},[61,39723,86],{"class":79},[61,39725,943],{"class":75},[887,39727,39729],{"id":39728},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39731,39732],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[52,39734,39735],{"className":54,"code":38474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39736,39737,39779,39783,39797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39738,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39740,132],{"class":67},[61,39742,72],{"class":71},[61,39744,37931],{"class":159},[61,39746,147],{"class":75},[61,39748,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39750,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39752,192],{"class":75},[61,39754,4162],{"class":143},[61,39756,4533],{"class":71},[61,39758,86],{"class":79},[61,39760,83],{"class":75},[61,39762,926],{"class":75},[61,39764,80],{"class":79},[61,39766,83],{"class":75},[61,39768,86],{"class":79},[61,39770,83],{"class":75},[61,39772,91],{"class":79},[61,39774,83],{"class":75},[61,39776,112],{"class":79},[61,39778,1887],{"class":75},[61,39780,39781],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39782,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39784,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39786,160],{"class":159},[61,39788,147],{"class":75},[61,39790,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39792,147],{"class":75},[61,39794,165],{"class":143},[61,39796,1761],{"class":75},[61,39798,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39800,160],{"class":159},[61,39802,147],{"class":75},[61,39804,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39806,147],{"class":75},[61,39808,165],{"class":143},[61,39810,1761],{"class":75},[20,39812,1598],{},[52,39814,39815],{"className":54,"code":38555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39816,39817,39829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39818,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39820,4182],{"class":75},[61,39822,107],{"class":79},[61,39824,83],{"class":75},[61,39826,112],{"class":79},[61,39828,943],{"class":75},[61,39830,39831],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39832,38574],{"class":75},[20,39834,39835],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[52,39837,39839],{"className":54,"code":39838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39840,39841,39887,39891,39901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39842,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39844,132],{"class":67},[61,39846,72],{"class":71},[61,39848,22835],{"class":2071},[61,39850,147],{"class":75},[61,39852,37878],{"class":159},[61,39854,147],{"class":75},[61,39856,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39858,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39860,192],{"class":75},[61,39862,4162],{"class":143},[61,39864,4533],{"class":71},[61,39866,86],{"class":79},[61,39868,83],{"class":75},[61,39870,926],{"class":75},[61,39872,80],{"class":79},[61,39874,83],{"class":75},[61,39876,86],{"class":79},[61,39878,83],{"class":75},[61,39880,91],{"class":79},[61,39882,83],{"class":75},[61,39884,112],{"class":79},[61,39886,3279],{"class":75},[61,39888,39889],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39890,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,39892,39893,39895,39897,39899],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,39894,160],{"class":159},[61,39896,147],{"class":75},[61,39898,165],{"class":143},[61,39900,153],{"class":75},[61,39902,39903,39905,39907,39909],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,39904,160],{"class":159},[61,39906,147],{"class":75},[61,39908,165],{"class":143},[61,39910,153],{"class":75},[887,39912,39914],{"id":39913},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39916,39917],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39919,16923],{},[52,39921,39923],{"className":54,"code":39922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39924,39925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39926,39927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39928,39922],{"class":173},[20,39930,39931,39932,6830],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39933,2613],{},[20,39935,16935],{},[52,39937,39939],{"className":54,"code":39938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39940,39941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39942,39943,39945,39947,39949,39951,39953,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39944,160],{"class":159},[61,39946,147],{"class":75},[61,39948,8377],{"class":2071},[61,39950,147],{"class":75},[61,39952,37878],{"class":159},[61,39954,147],{"class":75},[61,39956,37936],{"class":2350},[61,39958,37940],{"class":37939},[61,39960,192],{"class":75},[61,39962,4162],{"class":143},[61,39964,4533],{"class":71},[61,39966,86],{"class":79},[61,39968,83],{"class":75},[61,39970,926],{"class":75},[61,39972,80],{"class":79},[61,39974,83],{"class":75},[61,39976,86],{"class":79},[61,39978,83],{"class":75},[61,39980,91],{"class":79},[61,39982,83],{"class":75},[61,39984,112],{"class":79},[61,39986,37541],{"class":75},[887,39988,37480,39990,2020,39992],{"id":39989},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39991,37852],{},[15,39993,39994],{},"map()",[29,39996,39997,40002],{},[32,39998,39999,40001],{},[15,40000,37852],{}," keeps or removes items",[32,40003,40004,40006],{},[15,40005,39994],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40008,40009,40010,192],{},"Example of ",[15,40011,37852],{},[52,40013,40015],{"className":54,"code":40014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40016,40017,40041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40018,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40020,900],{"class":67},[61,40022,72],{"class":71},[61,40024,926],{"class":75},[61,40026,80],{"class":79},[61,40028,83],{"class":75},[61,40030,86],{"class":79},[61,40032,83],{"class":75},[61,40034,91],{"class":79},[61,40036,83],{"class":75},[61,40038,112],{"class":79},[61,40040,943],{"class":75},[61,40042,40043,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067,40069,40071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40044,160],{"class":159},[61,40046,147],{"class":75},[61,40048,8377],{"class":2071},[61,40050,147],{"class":75},[61,40052,37878],{"class":159},[61,40054,147],{"class":75},[61,40056,37936],{"class":2350},[61,40058,37940],{"class":37939},[61,40060,192],{"class":75},[61,40062,4162],{"class":143},[61,40064,4533],{"class":71},[61,40066,86],{"class":79},[61,40068,83],{"class":75},[61,40070,956],{"class":143},[61,40072,3193],{"class":75},[20,40074,1598],{},[52,40076,40078],{"className":54,"code":40077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40079,40080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40081,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40083,4182],{"class":75},[61,40085,107],{"class":79},[61,40087,83],{"class":75},[61,40089,112],{"class":79},[61,40091,943],{"class":75},[20,40093,40009,40094,192],{},[15,40095,39994],{},[52,40097,40099],{"className":54,"code":40098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40100,40101,40125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40102,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40104,900],{"class":67},[61,40106,72],{"class":71},[61,40108,926],{"class":75},[61,40110,80],{"class":79},[61,40112,83],{"class":75},[61,40114,86],{"class":79},[61,40116,83],{"class":75},[61,40118,91],{"class":79},[61,40120,83],{"class":75},[61,40122,112],{"class":79},[61,40124,943],{"class":75},[61,40126,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135,40138,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40151,40153,40155,40157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40128,160],{"class":159},[61,40130,147],{"class":75},[61,40132,8377],{"class":2071},[61,40134,147],{"class":75},[61,40136,40137],{"class":159},"map",[61,40139,147],{"class":75},[61,40141,37936],{"class":2350},[61,40143,37940],{"class":37939},[61,40145,192],{"class":75},[61,40147,4162],{"class":143},[61,40149,40150],{"class":71},"*",[61,40152,86],{"class":79},[61,40154,83],{"class":75},[61,40156,956],{"class":143},[61,40158,3193],{"class":75},[20,40160,1598],{},[52,40162,40164],{"className":54,"code":40163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40165,40166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40167,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178,40180,40182,40184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40169,4182],{"class":75},[61,40171,301],{"class":79},[61,40173,83],{"class":75},[61,40175,112],{"class":79},[61,40177,83],{"class":75},[61,40179,37920],{"class":79},[61,40181,83],{"class":75},[61,40183,6639],{"class":79},[61,40185,943],{"class":75},[20,40187,40188,40189,140],{},"For the related function, see ",[214,40190,13,40192,3790],{"href":40191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40193,39994],{},[47,40195,2109],{"id":2108},[887,40197,2113,40199,40201],{"id":40198},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40200,37852],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40203,40204,40205,40207],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40206,25056],{}," if needed.",[887,40209,40211,40212,40214],{"id":40210},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40213,37852],{}," need to return?",[20,40216,38159,40217,40219,40220,40222],{},[15,40218,3885],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40221,3954],{}," to remove it.",[887,40224,2133,40226,40228],{"id":40225},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40227,37852],{}," without lambda?",[20,40230,40231],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[887,40233,5422,40235,40238],{"id":40234},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40236,40237],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40240,40241,40242,40244,40245,1833,40247,140],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40243,2405],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40246,4058],{},[15,40248,3954],{},[887,40250,21699,40252,40254],{"id":40251},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40253,37852],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40256,40257,40258,40260],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40259,6238],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40262,40263],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[29,40265,40266,40272,40278],{},[32,40267,40268,40269,40271],{},"use ",[15,40270,37852],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[32,40273,40274,40275,40277],{},"use a ",[15,40276,6238],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[32,40279,40280],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40282,40283,40284,140],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[214,40285,5412],{"href":40286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[47,40288,2172],{"id":2171},[29,40290,40291,40296,40300,40305,40311],{},[32,40292,40293],{},[214,40294,40295],{"href":38731},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[32,40297,40298],{},[214,40299,5500],{"href":40286},[32,40301,40302],{},[214,40303,40304],{"href":39460},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[32,40306,40307],{},[214,40308,13,40309,3790],{"href":40191},[15,40310,39994],{},[32,40312,40313],{},[214,40314,5495],{"href":5866},[2204,40316,40317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":40319},[40320,40321,40323,40327,40330,40332,40334,40336,40338,40348,40360],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":37986,"depth":97,"text":40322},"What filter() does",{"id":38120,"depth":97,"text":38121,"children":40324},[40325,40326],{"id":38137,"depth":122,"text":38137},{"id":4000,"depth":122,"text":4000},{"id":38296,"depth":97,"text":38297,"children":40328},[40329],{"id":38467,"depth":122,"text":38468},{"id":38580,"depth":97,"text":40331},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38735,"depth":97,"text":40333},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38897,"depth":97,"text":40335},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39077,"depth":97,"text":40337},"When to use filter()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":40339},[40340,40342,40344,40345,40346],{"id":39470,"depth":122,"text":40341},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39603,"depth":122,"text":40343},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39728,"depth":122,"text":39729},{"id":39913,"depth":122,"text":39914},{"id":39989,"depth":122,"text":40347},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":40349},[40350,40352,40354,40356,40358],{"id":40198,"depth":122,"text":40351},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40210,"depth":122,"text":40353},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40225,"depth":122,"text":40355},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40234,"depth":122,"text":40357},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40251,"depth":122,"text":40359},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37844,"description":40361},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40368,"title":40369,"body":40370,"description":42522,"extension":2249,"meta":42523,"navigation":125,"path":42524,"seo":42525,"stem":42526,"__hash__":42527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40371,"toc":42476},[40372,40375,40380,40386,40388,40440,40442,40461,40466,40470,40475,40478,40493,40496,40518,40520,40569,40571,40595,40597,40599,40614,40619,40627,40642,40644,40653,40656,40691,40695,40700,40704,40711,40746,40748,40764,40768,40771,40812,40814,40828,40832,40835,40859,40861,40870,40874,40877,40910,40912,40925,40929,40935,40954,40956,40964,40968,40973,40977,40983,41006,41008,41037,41040,41059,41063,41066,41093,41095,41129,41133,41136,41160,41164,41175,41177,41182,41188,41190,41274,41276,41318,41321,41325,41332,41341,41397,41404,41413,41418,41422,41493,41495,41504,41508,41511,41555,41557,41566,41570,41576,41626,41630,41635,41639,41663,41665,41674,41678,41702,41704,41715,41719,41743,41745,41754,41757,41774,41780,41784,41790,41793,41798,41801,41822,41824,41856,41859,41864,41866,41877,41879,41923,41927,41934,41986,41988,41997,42001,42004,42097,42100,42124,42128,42131,42223,42228,42232,42239,42244,42268,42270,42279,42284,42307,42309,42317,42324,42347,42355,42357,42370,42380,42382,42386,42393,42397,42406,42410,42417,42421,42425,42429,42441,42443,42473],[10,40373,40369],{"id":40374},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40376,9406,40377,40379],{},[15,40378,3165],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40381,40382,40383,40385],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40384,3165],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[47,40387,50],{"id":49},[52,40389,40391],{"className":54,"code":40390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40392,40393,40407,40426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40394,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40396,160],{"class":159},[61,40398,147],{"class":75},[61,40400,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40402,147],{"class":75},[61,40404,1013],{"class":79},[61,40406,1761],{"class":75},[61,40408,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417,40419,40422,40424],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40410,160],{"class":159},[61,40412,147],{"class":75},[61,40414,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40416,147],{"class":75},[61,40418,504],{"class":503},[61,40420,40421],{"class":507},"3.14",[61,40423,504],{"class":503},[61,40425,1761],{"class":75},[61,40427,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,40429,160],{"class":159},[61,40431,147],{"class":75},[61,40433,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40435,147],{"class":75},[61,40437,3885],{"class":4133},[61,40439,1761],{"class":75},[20,40441,1598],{},[52,40443,40445],{"className":54,"code":40444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40446,40447,40451,40456],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40448,40449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40450,2762],{"class":79},[61,40452,40453],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40454,40455],{"class":79},"3.14\n",[61,40457,40458],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,40459,40460],{"class":79},"1.0\n",[20,40462,1503,40463,40465],{},[15,40464,3165],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[47,40467,40469],{"id":40468},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40471,40472,40474],{},[15,40473,3165],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40476,40477],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[29,40479,40480,40484,40488],{},[32,40481,40482],{},[15,40483,2774],{},[32,40485,40486],{},[15,40487,40421],{},[32,40489,40490],{},[15,40491,40492],{},"0.5",[20,40494,40495],{},"A few key points:",[29,40497,40498,40505,40508,40511],{},[32,40499,40500,40502,40503],{},[15,40501,3165],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40504,2476],{},[32,40506,40507],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[32,40509,40510],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[32,40512,40513,40514],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[214,40515,40516],{"href":8503},[15,40517,3239],{},[20,40519,368],{},[52,40521,40523],{"className":54,"code":40522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40524,40525,40545,40555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40526,40527,40529,40531,40534,40536,40538,40541,40543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40528,2501],{"class":67},[61,40530,72],{"class":71},[61,40532,40533],{"class":2071}," float",[61,40535,147],{"class":75},[61,40537,504],{"class":503},[61,40539,40540],{"class":507},"2.75",[61,40542,504],{"class":503},[61,40544,153],{"class":75},[61,40546,40547,40549,40551,40553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40548,160],{"class":159},[61,40550,147],{"class":75},[61,40552,2523],{"class":143},[61,40554,153],{"class":75},[61,40556,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,40558,160],{"class":159},[61,40560,147],{"class":75},[61,40562,2072],{"class":2071},[61,40564,147],{"class":75},[61,40566,2523],{"class":143},[61,40568,1761],{"class":75},[20,40570,1598],{},[52,40572,40574],{"className":54,"code":40573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40575,40576,40581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40577,40578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40579,40580],{"class":79},"2.75\n",[61,40582,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40584,3571],{"class":71},[61,40586,3574],{"class":2350},[61,40588,639],{"class":503},[61,40590,2476],{"class":507},[61,40592,630],{"class":503},[61,40594,3583],{"class":71},[47,40596,221],{"id":220},[20,40598,7498],{},[52,40600,40602],{"className":54,"code":40601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"float(value)\n",[15,40603,40604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40605,40606,40608,40610,40612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40607,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40609,147],{"class":75},[61,40611,2755],{"class":143},[61,40613,153],{"class":75},[20,40615,40616,40617,140],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40618,3165],{},[20,40620,40621,40622,40624,40625,192],{},"If you call ",[15,40623,3165],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40626,4048],{},[52,40628,40630],{"className":54,"code":40629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float())\n",[15,40631,40632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40633,40634,40636,40638,40640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40635,160],{"class":159},[61,40637,147],{"class":75},[61,40639,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40641,7474],{"class":75},[20,40643,1598],{},[52,40645,40647],{"className":54,"code":40646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0.0\n",[15,40648,40649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40650,40651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40652,40646],{"class":79},[20,40654,40655],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[52,40657,40659],{"className":54,"code":40658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40660,40661,40681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40662,40663,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674,40677,40679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40664,40665],{"class":67},"price ",[61,40667,72],{"class":71},[61,40669,40533],{"class":2071},[61,40671,147],{"class":75},[61,40673,504],{"class":503},[61,40675,40676],{"class":507},"19.99",[61,40678,504],{"class":503},[61,40680,153],{"class":75},[61,40682,40683,40685,40687,40689],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40684,160],{"class":159},[61,40686,147],{"class":75},[61,40688,25425],{"class":143},[61,40690,153],{"class":75},[47,40692,40694],{"id":40693},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40696,40697,40699],{},[15,40698,3165],{}," can convert several common value types.",[887,40701,40703],{"id":40702},"integers","Integers",[20,40705,40706,40707,40710],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40708,40709],{},".0"," added:",[52,40712,40714],{"className":54,"code":40713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40715,40716,40730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40717,40718,40720,40722,40724,40726,40728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40719,160],{"class":159},[61,40721,147],{"class":75},[61,40723,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40725,147],{"class":75},[61,40727,1013],{"class":79},[61,40729,1761],{"class":75},[61,40731,40732,40734,40736,40738,40740,40742,40744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40733,160],{"class":159},[61,40735,147],{"class":75},[61,40737,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40739,147],{"class":75},[61,40741,2308],{"class":71},[61,40743,301],{"class":79},[61,40745,1761],{"class":75},[20,40747,1598],{},[52,40749,40751],{"className":54,"code":40750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40752,40753,40757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40754,40755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40756,2762],{"class":79},[61,40758,40759,40761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40760,2308],{"class":71},[61,40762,40763],{"class":79},"2.0\n",[887,40765,40767],{"id":40766},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40769,40770],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[52,40772,40774],{"className":54,"code":40773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40775,40776,40794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40777,40778,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40779,160],{"class":159},[61,40781,147],{"class":75},[61,40783,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40785,147],{"class":75},[61,40787,504],{"class":503},[61,40789,40421],{"class":507},[61,40791,504],{"class":503},[61,40793,1761],{"class":75},[61,40795,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40797,160],{"class":159},[61,40799,147],{"class":75},[61,40801,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40803,147],{"class":75},[61,40805,504],{"class":503},[61,40807,2613],{"class":507},[61,40809,504],{"class":503},[61,40811,1761],{"class":75},[20,40813,1598],{},[52,40815,40817],{"className":54,"code":40816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40818,40819,40823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40820,40821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40822,40455],{"class":79},[61,40824,40825],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40826,40827],{"class":79},"10.0\n",[887,40829,40831],{"id":40830},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40833,40834],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[52,40836,40838],{"className":54,"code":40837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40839,40840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40841,40842,40844,40846,40848,40850,40852,40855,40857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40843,160],{"class":159},[61,40845,147],{"class":75},[61,40847,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40849,147],{"class":75},[61,40851,504],{"class":503},[61,40853,40854],{"class":507},"  8.5  ",[61,40856,504],{"class":503},[61,40858,1761],{"class":75},[20,40860,1598],{},[52,40862,40864],{"className":54,"code":40863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8.5\n",[15,40865,40866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40867,40868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40869,40863],{"class":79},[887,40871,40873],{"id":40872},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40875,40876],{},"Boolean values also work:",[52,40878,40880],{"className":54,"code":40879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40881,40882,40896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40883,40884,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40885,160],{"class":159},[61,40887,147],{"class":75},[61,40889,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40891,147],{"class":75},[61,40893,3885],{"class":4133},[61,40895,1761],{"class":75},[61,40897,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40899,160],{"class":159},[61,40901,147],{"class":75},[61,40903,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40905,147],{"class":75},[61,40907,3954],{"class":4133},[61,40909,1761],{"class":75},[20,40911,1598],{},[52,40913,40915],{"className":54,"code":40914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40916,40917,40921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40918,40919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40920,40460],{"class":79},[61,40922,40923],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40924,40646],{"class":79},[887,40926,40928],{"id":40927},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40930,40931,40932,40934],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40933,3165],{}," returns a float version of it:",[52,40936,40938],{"className":54,"code":40937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40939,40940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40941,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40943,160],{"class":159},[61,40945,147],{"class":75},[61,40947,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40949,147],{"class":75},[61,40951,2645],{"class":79},[61,40953,1761],{"class":75},[20,40955,1598],{},[52,40957,40958],{"className":54,"code":2669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,40959,40960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40961,40962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40963,2669],{"class":79},[47,40965,40967],{"id":40966},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40969,40970,40971,140],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40972,3165],{},[887,40974,40976],{"id":40975},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40978,40979,40980,192],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40981,40982],{},"ValueError",[52,40984,40986],{"className":54,"code":40985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40987,40988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40989,40990,40992,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40991,160],{"class":159},[61,40993,147],{"class":75},[61,40995,2476],{"class":2071},[61,40997,147],{"class":75},[61,40999,504],{"class":503},[61,41001,4126],{"class":507},[61,41003,504],{"class":503},[61,41005,1761],{"class":75},[20,41007,29957],{},[52,41009,41011],{"className":54,"code":41010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41012,41013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41014,41015,41017,41019,41022,41024,41027,41029,41031,41033,41035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41016,40982],{"class":2071},[61,41018,192],{"class":75},[61,41020,41021],{"class":67}," could ",[61,41023,4909],{"class":71},[61,41025,41026],{"class":67}," convert string to ",[61,41028,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41030,192],{"class":75},[61,41032,639],{"class":503},[61,41034,4126],{"class":507},[61,41036,29976],{"class":503},[20,41038,41039],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[52,41041,41043],{"className":54,"code":41042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41044,41045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41046,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41048,160],{"class":159},[61,41050,147],{"class":75},[61,41052,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41054,147],{"class":75},[61,41056,6552],{"class":503},[61,41058,1761],{"class":75},[887,41060,41062],{"id":41061},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41064,41065],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[52,41067,41069],{"className":54,"code":41068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41070,41071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41072,41073,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41074,160],{"class":159},[61,41076,147],{"class":75},[61,41078,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41080,1878],{"class":75},[61,41082,80],{"class":79},[61,41084,83],{"class":75},[61,41086,86],{"class":79},[61,41088,83],{"class":75},[61,41090,91],{"class":79},[61,41092,3279],{"class":75},[20,41094,29957],{},[52,41096,41098],{"className":54,"code":41097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41099,41100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41101,41102,41104,41106,41108,41110,41113,41116,41119,41121,41123,41125,41127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41103,3285],{"class":2071},[61,41105,192],{"class":75},[61,41107,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41109,7646],{"class":75},[61,41111,41112],{"class":67}," argument must be a string ",[61,41114,41115],{"class":71},"or",[61,41117,41118],{"class":67}," a real number",[61,41120,83],{"class":75},[61,41122,8383],{"class":71},[61,41124,639],{"class":503},[61,41126,8377],{"class":507},[61,41128,29976],{"class":503},[887,41130,41132],{"id":41131},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41134,41135],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[52,41137,41139],{"className":54,"code":41138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41140,41141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41142,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153,41156,41158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41144,160],{"class":159},[61,41146,147],{"class":75},[61,41148,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41150,147],{"class":75},[61,41152,504],{"class":503},[61,41154,41155],{"class":507},"3,14",[61,41157,504],{"class":503},[61,41159,1761],{"class":75},[20,41161,3282,41162,140],{},[15,41163,40982],{},[20,41165,41166,41167,700,41171,140],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[214,41168,41170],{"href":41169},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[214,41172,41174],{"href":41173},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[47,41176,17698],{"id":17697},[20,41178,41179,41181],{},[15,41180,3165],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41183,41184,41185,41187],{},"It does ",[39,41186,4909],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41189,368],{},[52,41191,41193],{"className":54,"code":41192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41194,41195,41208,41222,41226,41236,41246,41260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41196,41197,41199,41201,41203,41206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41198,34962],{"class":67},[61,41200,72],{"class":71},[61,41202,515],{"class":503},[61,41204,41205],{"class":507},"6.5",[61,41207,3639],{"class":503},[61,41209,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218,41220],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41211,2501],{"class":67},[61,41213,72],{"class":71},[61,41215,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41217,147],{"class":75},[61,41219,34983],{"class":143},[61,41221,153],{"class":75},[61,41223,41224],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41225,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41227,41228,41230,41232,41234],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41229,160],{"class":159},[61,41231,147],{"class":75},[61,41233,34983],{"class":143},[61,41235,153],{"class":75},[61,41237,41238,41240,41242,41244],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,41239,160],{"class":159},[61,41241,147],{"class":75},[61,41243,2523],{"class":143},[61,41245,153],{"class":75},[61,41247,41248,41250,41252,41254,41256,41258],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,41249,160],{"class":159},[61,41251,147],{"class":75},[61,41253,2072],{"class":2071},[61,41255,147],{"class":75},[61,41257,34983],{"class":143},[61,41259,1761],{"class":75},[61,41261,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,41263,160],{"class":159},[61,41265,147],{"class":75},[61,41267,2072],{"class":2071},[61,41269,147],{"class":75},[61,41271,2523],{"class":143},[61,41273,1761],{"class":75},[20,41275,1598],{},[52,41277,41279],{"className":54,"code":41278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41280,41281,41286,41290,41304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41282,41283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41284,41285],{"class":79},"6.5\n",[61,41287,41288],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41289,41285],{"class":79},[61,41291,41292,41294,41296,41298,41300,41302],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41293,3571],{"class":71},[61,41295,3574],{"class":2350},[61,41297,639],{"class":503},[61,41299,3724],{"class":507},[61,41301,630],{"class":503},[61,41303,3583],{"class":71},[61,41305,41306,41308,41310,41312,41314,41316],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41307,3571],{"class":71},[61,41309,3574],{"class":2350},[61,41311,639],{"class":503},[61,41313,2476],{"class":507},[61,41315,630],{"class":503},[61,41317,3583],{"class":71},[20,41319,41320],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[47,41322,41324],{"id":41323},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[887,41326,41328,41329,41331],{"id":41327},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41330,3239],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41333,2266,41334,41338,41339,140],{},[214,41335,41336,2585],{"href":8503},[15,41337,3239],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41340,3165],{},[52,41342,41344],{"className":54,"code":41343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41345,41346,41365,41379,41383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41347,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358,41361,41363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41349,8521],{"class":67},[61,41351,72],{"class":71},[61,41353,8526],{"class":159},[61,41355,147],{"class":75},[61,41357,504],{"class":503},[61,41359,41360],{"class":507},"Enter a price: ",[61,41362,504],{"class":503},[61,41364,153],{"class":75},[61,41366,41367,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41368,40665],{"class":67},[61,41370,72],{"class":71},[61,41372,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41374,147],{"class":75},[61,41376,8550],{"class":143},[61,41378,153],{"class":75},[61,41380,41381],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41382,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41384,41385,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41386,160],{"class":159},[61,41388,147],{"class":75},[61,41390,40665],{"class":143},[61,41392,40150],{"class":71},[61,41394,86],{"class":79},[61,41396,153],{"class":75},[20,41398,41399,41400,41403],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41401,41402],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[52,41405,41407],{"className":54,"code":41406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"9.0\n",[15,41408,41409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41410,41411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41412,41406],{"class":79},[20,41414,41415,41416,140],{},"For more help with this, see ",[214,41417,9264],{"href":9263},[887,41419,41421],{"id":41420},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[52,41423,41425],{"className":54,"code":41424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41426,41427,41440,41453,41457,41482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41430,37],{"class":67},[61,41432,72],{"class":71},[61,41434,515],{"class":503},[61,41436,41437],{"class":507},"2.5",[61,41439,3639],{"class":503},[61,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41451],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41443,294],{"class":67},[61,41445,72],{"class":71},[61,41447,515],{"class":503},[61,41449,41450],{"class":507},"1.5",[61,41452,3639],{"class":503},[61,41454,41455],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41456,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41458,41459,41462,41464,41466,41468,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41460,41461],{"class":67},"total ",[61,41463,72],{"class":71},[61,41465,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41467,147],{"class":75},[61,41469,214],{"class":143},[61,41471,442],{"class":75},[61,41473,2737],{"class":71},[61,41475,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41477,147],{"class":75},[61,41479,329],{"class":143},[61,41481,153],{"class":75},[61,41483,41484,41486,41488,41491],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,41485,160],{"class":159},[61,41487,147],{"class":75},[61,41489,41490],{"class":143},"total",[61,41492,153],{"class":75},[20,41494,1598],{},[52,41496,41498],{"className":54,"code":41497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.0\n",[15,41499,41500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41501,41502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41503,41497],{"class":79},[887,41505,41507],{"id":41506},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41509,41510],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[52,41512,41514],{"className":54,"code":41513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41515,41516,41526,41541,41545],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41517,41518,41521,41523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41519,41520],{"class":67},"count ",[61,41522,72],{"class":71},[61,41524,41525],{"class":79}," 7\n",[61,41527,41528,41530,41532,41534,41536,41539],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41529,132],{"class":67},[61,41531,72],{"class":71},[61,41533,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41535,147],{"class":75},[61,41537,41538],{"class":143},"count",[61,41540,153],{"class":75},[61,41542,41543],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41544,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41546,41547,41549,41551,41553],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41548,160],{"class":159},[61,41550,147],{"class":75},[61,41552,165],{"class":143},[61,41554,153],{"class":75},[20,41556,1598],{},[52,41558,41560],{"className":54,"code":41559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.0\n",[15,41561,41562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41563,41564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41565,41559],{"class":79},[887,41567,41569],{"id":41568},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41571,41572,41573,41575],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41574,3165],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[52,41577,41579],{"className":54,"code":41578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41580,41581,41595,41611,41615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41582,41583,41586,41588,41590,41593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41584,41585],{"class":67},"temperature_text ",[61,41587,72],{"class":71},[61,41589,515],{"class":503},[61,41591,41592],{"class":507},"21.8",[61,41594,3639],{"class":503},[61,41596,41597,41600,41602,41604,41606,41609],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41598,41599],{"class":67},"temperature ",[61,41601,72],{"class":71},[61,41603,40533],{"class":2071},[61,41605,147],{"class":75},[61,41607,41608],{"class":143},"temperature_text",[61,41610,153],{"class":75},[61,41612,41613],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41614,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41616,41617,41619,41621,41624],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41618,160],{"class":159},[61,41620,147],{"class":75},[61,41622,41623],{"class":143},"temperature",[61,41625,153],{"class":75},[47,41627,41629],{"id":41628},"special-values","Special values",[20,41631,41632,41634],{},[15,41633,3165],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[887,41636,41638],{"id":41637},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[52,41640,41642],{"className":54,"code":41641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41643,41644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41645,41646,41648,41650,41652,41654,41656,41659,41661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41647,160],{"class":159},[61,41649,147],{"class":75},[61,41651,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41653,147],{"class":75},[61,41655,504],{"class":503},[61,41657,41658],{"class":507},"inf",[61,41660,504],{"class":503},[61,41662,1761],{"class":75},[20,41664,1598],{},[52,41666,41668],{"className":54,"code":41667,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"inf\n",[15,41669,41670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41671,41672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41673,41667],{"class":67},[887,41675,41677],{"id":41676},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[52,41679,41681],{"className":54,"code":41680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41682,41683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41684,41685,41687,41689,41691,41693,41695,41698,41700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41686,160],{"class":159},[61,41688,147],{"class":75},[61,41690,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41692,147],{"class":75},[61,41694,504],{"class":503},[61,41696,41697],{"class":507},"-inf",[61,41699,504],{"class":503},[61,41701,1761],{"class":75},[20,41703,1598],{},[52,41705,41707],{"className":54,"code":41706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-inf\n",[15,41708,41709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41710,41711,41713],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41712,2308],{"class":71},[61,41714,41667],{"class":67},[887,41716,41718],{"id":41717},"not-a-number","Not a number",[52,41720,41722],{"className":54,"code":41721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41723,41724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41725,41726,41728,41730,41732,41734,41736,41739,41741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41727,160],{"class":159},[61,41729,147],{"class":75},[61,41731,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41733,147],{"class":75},[61,41735,504],{"class":503},[61,41737,41738],{"class":507},"nan",[61,41740,504],{"class":503},[61,41742,1761],{"class":75},[20,41744,1598],{},[52,41746,41748],{"className":54,"code":41747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nan\n",[15,41749,41750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41751,41752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41753,41747],{"class":67},[20,41755,41756],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[29,41758,41759,41764,41769],{},[32,41760,41761,41763],{},[15,41762,41658],{}," means positive infinity",[32,41765,41766,41768],{},[15,41767,41697],{}," means negative infinity",[32,41770,41771,41773],{},[15,41772,41738],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41775,41776,41777,41779],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41778,3165],{}," accepts them.",[47,41781,41783],{"id":41782},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41785,41786,41787,41789],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41788,3165],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[887,41791,40982],{"id":41792},"valueerror",[20,41794,15469,41795,41797],{},[15,41796,40982],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41799,41800],{},"Common causes:",[29,41802,41803,41809,41812,41815],{},[32,41804,41805,41806],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41807,41808],{},"\"abc\"",[32,41810,41811],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[32,41813,41814],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[32,41816,4983,41817],{},[214,41818,41819,41821],{"href":8503},[15,41820,3239],{}," returns a string",[20,41823,368],{},[52,41825,41827],{"className":54,"code":41826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41828,41829,41842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41830,41831,41833,41835,41837,41840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41832,2730],{"class":67},[61,41834,72],{"class":71},[61,41836,515],{"class":503},[61,41838,41839],{"class":507},"abc",[61,41841,3639],{"class":503},[61,41843,41844,41846,41848,41850,41852,41854],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41845,160],{"class":159},[61,41847,147],{"class":75},[61,41849,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41851,147],{"class":75},[61,41853,2755],{"class":143},[61,41855,1761],{"class":75},[887,41857,3285],{"id":41858},"typeerror",[20,41860,15469,41861,41863],{},[15,41862,3285],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41865,41800],{},[29,41867,41868,41871,41874],{},[32,41869,41870],{},"Passing a list",[32,41872,41873],{},"Passing a dictionary",[32,41875,41876],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41878,368],{},[52,41880,41882],{"className":54,"code":41881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41883,41884,41909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41885,41886,41888,41890,41892,41894,41896,41898,41900,41902,41905,41907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41887,2730],{"class":67},[61,41889,72],{"class":71},[61,41891,76],{"class":75},[61,41893,504],{"class":503},[61,41895,25425],{"class":507},[61,41897,504],{"class":503},[61,41899,192],{"class":75},[61,41901,515],{"class":503},[61,41903,41904],{"class":507},"9.99",[61,41906,504],{"class":503},[61,41908,94],{"class":75},[61,41910,41911,41913,41915,41917,41919,41921],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41912,160],{"class":159},[61,41914,147],{"class":75},[61,41916,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41918,147],{"class":75},[61,41920,2755],{"class":143},[61,41922,1761],{"class":75},[887,41924,41926],{"id":41925},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41928,41929,41930,41933],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41931,41932],{},"strip()"," can help:",[52,41935,41937],{"className":54,"code":41936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41938,41939,41952,41967,41971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41940,41941,41943,41945,41947,41950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41942,2730],{"class":67},[61,41944,72],{"class":71},[61,41946,515],{"class":503},[61,41948,41949],{"class":507},"  7.25  ",[61,41951,3639],{"class":503},[61,41953,41954,41957,41959,41961,41963,41965],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41955,41956],{"class":67},"clean_value ",[61,41958,72],{"class":71},[61,41960,8717],{"class":67},[61,41962,140],{"class":75},[61,41964,8917],{"class":143},[61,41966,8926],{"class":75},[61,41968,41969],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,41970,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,41972,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981,41984],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,41974,160],{"class":159},[61,41976,147],{"class":75},[61,41978,2476],{"class":2071},[61,41980,147],{"class":75},[61,41982,41983],{"class":143},"clean_value",[61,41985,1761],{"class":75},[20,41987,1598],{},[52,41989,41991],{"className":54,"code":41990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.25\n",[15,41992,41993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41994,41995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41996,41990],{"class":79},[887,41998,42000],{"id":41999},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42002,42003],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[52,42005,42007],{"className":54,"code":42006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42008,42009,42022,42026,42036,42050,42065,42069,42083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42012,2730],{"class":67},[61,42014,72],{"class":71},[61,42016,515],{"class":503},[61,42018,42019],{"class":507}," 3.5 ",[61,42021,3639],{"class":503},[61,42023,42024],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42025,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,42027,42028,42030,42032,42034],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,42029,160],{"class":159},[61,42031,147],{"class":75},[61,42033,2755],{"class":143},[61,42035,153],{"class":75},[61,42037,42038,42040,42042,42044,42046,42048],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,42039,160],{"class":159},[61,42041,147],{"class":75},[61,42043,2072],{"class":2071},[61,42045,147],{"class":75},[61,42047,2755],{"class":143},[61,42049,1761],{"class":75},[61,42051,42052,42054,42056,42059,42061,42063],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,42053,160],{"class":159},[61,42055,147],{"class":75},[61,42057,42058],{"class":159},"repr",[61,42060,147],{"class":75},[61,42062,2755],{"class":143},[61,42064,1761],{"class":75},[61,42066,42067],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,42068,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,42070,42071,42073,42075,42077,42079,42081],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,42072,41956],{"class":67},[61,42074,72],{"class":71},[61,42076,8717],{"class":67},[61,42078,140],{"class":75},[61,42080,8917],{"class":143},[61,42082,8926],{"class":75},[61,42084,42085,42087,42089,42091,42093,42095],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,42086,160],{"class":159},[61,42088,147],{"class":75},[61,42090,2476],{"class":2071},[61,42092,147],{"class":75},[61,42094,41983],{"class":143},[61,42096,1761],{"class":75},[20,42098,42099],{},"Why this helps:",[29,42101,42102,42108,42113,42119],{},[32,42103,42104,42107],{},[15,42105,42106],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[32,42109,42110,21646],{},[15,42111,42112],{},"print(type(value))",[32,42114,42115,42118],{},[15,42116,42117],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[32,42120,42121,42123],{},[15,42122,41932],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[887,42125,42127],{"id":42126},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42129,42130],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[52,42132,42134],{"className":54,"code":42133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42135,42136,42155,42159,42165,42180,42199,42208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42137,42138,42140,42142,42144,42146,42148,42151,42153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42139,2730],{"class":67},[61,42141,72],{"class":71},[61,42143,8526],{"class":159},[61,42145,147],{"class":75},[61,42147,504],{"class":503},[61,42149,42150],{"class":507},"Enter a number: ",[61,42152,504],{"class":503},[61,42154,153],{"class":75},[61,42156,42157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42158,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,42160,42161,42163],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,42162,30080],{"class":4158},[61,42164,6673],{"class":75},[61,42166,42167,42170,42172,42174,42176,42178],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,42168,42169],{"class":67},"    number ",[61,42171,72],{"class":71},[61,42173,40533],{"class":2071},[61,42175,147],{"class":75},[61,42177,2755],{"class":143},[61,42179,153],{"class":75},[61,42181,42182,42184,42186,42188,42191,42193,42195,42197],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,42183,8352],{"class":159},[61,42185,147],{"class":75},[61,42187,504],{"class":503},[61,42189,42190],{"class":507},"Converted:",[61,42192,504],{"class":503},[61,42194,83],{"class":75},[61,42196,2481],{"class":143},[61,42198,153],{"class":75},[61,42200,42201,42203,42206],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,42202,30111],{"class":4158},[61,42204,42205],{"class":2071}," ValueError",[61,42207,6673],{"class":75},[61,42209,42210,42212,42214,42216,42219,42221],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,42211,8352],{"class":159},[61,42213,147],{"class":75},[61,42215,504],{"class":503},[61,42217,42218],{"class":507},"That is not a valid number.",[61,42220,504],{"class":503},[61,42222,153],{"class":75},[20,42224,42225,42226,140],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[214,42227,41174],{"href":41173},[47,42229,42231],{"id":42230},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42233,10870,42234,700,42236,42238],{},[15,42235,3165],{},[15,42237,3158],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42240,42241,42243],{},[15,42242,3165],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[52,42245,42247],{"className":54,"code":42246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42248,42249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257,42259,42261,42264,42266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42252,160],{"class":159},[61,42254,147],{"class":75},[61,42256,2476],{"class":2071},[61,42258,147],{"class":75},[61,42260,504],{"class":503},[61,42262,42263],{"class":507},"3.9",[61,42265,504],{"class":503},[61,42267,1761],{"class":75},[20,42269,1598],{},[52,42271,42273],{"className":54,"code":42272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.9\n",[15,42274,42275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42276,42277],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42278,42272],{"class":79},[20,42280,42281,42283],{},[15,42282,3158],{}," creates whole numbers:",[52,42285,42287],{"className":54,"code":42286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42288,42289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42290,42291,42293,42295,42297,42299,42301,42303,42305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42292,160],{"class":159},[61,42294,147],{"class":75},[61,42296,2473],{"class":2071},[61,42298,147],{"class":75},[61,42300,504],{"class":503},[61,42302,2613],{"class":507},[61,42304,504],{"class":503},[61,42306,1761],{"class":75},[20,42308,1598],{},[52,42310,42311],{"className":54,"code":2659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,42312,42313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42314,42315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42316,2659],{"class":79},[20,42318,42319,42320,42323],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42321,42322],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[52,42325,42327],{"className":54,"code":42326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42328,42329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42330,42331,42333,42335,42337,42339,42341,42343,42345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42332,160],{"class":159},[61,42334,147],{"class":75},[61,42336,2473],{"class":2071},[61,42338,147],{"class":75},[61,42340,504],{"class":503},[61,42342,42263],{"class":507},[61,42344,504],{"class":503},[61,42346,1761],{"class":75},[20,42348,3282,42349,8884,42351,42354],{},[15,42350,40982],{},[15,42352,42353],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42356,10993],{},[29,42358,42359,42365],{},[32,42360,42361,42364],{},[15,42362,42363],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[32,42366,42367,42369],{},[15,42368,42322],{}," fails",[20,42371,42372,42373,42376,42377,42379],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[214,42374,42375],{"href":3155},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[214,42378,2703],{"href":2702}," helpful.",[47,42381,2109],{"id":2108},[887,42383,42385],{"id":42384},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42387,42388,42389,3159,42391,140],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42390,2774],{},[15,42392,40421],{},[887,42394,42396],{"id":42395},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42398,42399,42400,3159,42403,140],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42401,42402],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42404,42405],{},"\"10\"",[887,42407,42409],{"id":42408},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42411,29337,42412,42414,42415,140],{},[15,42413,41808],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42416,40982],{},[887,42418,42420],{"id":42419},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42422,5428,42423,140],{},[15,42424,4048],{},[887,42426,42428],{"id":42427},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42430,2139,42431,42433,42434,700,42437,42433,42439,140],{},[15,42432,3885],{}," becomes ",[15,42435,42436],{},"1.0",[15,42438,3954],{},[15,42440,4048],{},[47,42442,2172],{"id":2171},[29,42444,42445,42449,42455,42460,42464,42468],{},[32,42446,42447],{},[214,42448,42375],{"href":3155},[32,42450,42451],{},[214,42452,42454],{"href":42453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[32,42456,42457],{},[214,42458,42459],{"href":41169},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[32,42461,42462],{},[214,42463,9341],{"href":9263},[32,42465,42466],{},[214,42467,41174],{"href":41173},[32,42469,42470],{},[214,42471,42472],{"href":8503},"Python input() Function Explained",[2204,42474,42475],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":42477},[42478,42479,42480,42481,42488,42493,42494,42501,42506,42513,42514,42521],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":40468,"depth":97,"text":40469},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":40693,"depth":97,"text":40694,"children":42482},[42483,42484,42485,42486,42487],{"id":40702,"depth":122,"text":40703},{"id":40766,"depth":122,"text":40767},{"id":40830,"depth":122,"text":40831},{"id":40872,"depth":122,"text":40873},{"id":40927,"depth":122,"text":40928},{"id":40966,"depth":97,"text":40967,"children":42489},[42490,42491,42492],{"id":40975,"depth":122,"text":40976},{"id":41061,"depth":122,"text":41062},{"id":41131,"depth":122,"text":41132},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":41323,"depth":97,"text":41324,"children":42495},[42496,42498,42499,42500],{"id":41327,"depth":122,"text":42497},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41420,"depth":122,"text":41421},{"id":41506,"depth":122,"text":41507},{"id":41568,"depth":122,"text":41569},{"id":41628,"depth":97,"text":41629,"children":42502},[42503,42504,42505],{"id":41637,"depth":122,"text":41638},{"id":41676,"depth":122,"text":41677},{"id":41717,"depth":122,"text":41718},{"id":41782,"depth":97,"text":41783,"children":42507},[42508,42509,42510,42511,42512],{"id":41792,"depth":122,"text":40982},{"id":41858,"depth":122,"text":3285},{"id":41925,"depth":122,"text":41926},{"id":41999,"depth":122,"text":42000},{"id":42126,"depth":122,"text":42127},{"id":42230,"depth":97,"text":42231},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":42515},[42516,42517,42518,42519,42520],{"id":42384,"depth":122,"text":42385},{"id":42395,"depth":122,"text":42396},{"id":42408,"depth":122,"text":42409},{"id":42419,"depth":122,"text":42420},{"id":42427,"depth":122,"text":42428},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40369,"description":42522},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42529,"title":42530,"body":42531,"description":43752,"extension":2249,"meta":43753,"navigation":125,"path":35299,"seo":43754,"stem":43755,"__hash__":43756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42532,"toc":43718},[42533,42536,42541,42544,42546,42585,42599,42603,42608,42611,42628,42631,42641,42656,42659,42661,42664,42680,42683,42686,42706,42710,42721,42724,42728,42732,42746,42781,42785,42796,42831,42834,42836,42844,42877,42893,42895,42905,42926,42937,42939,42944,42947,42961,42963,42982,42985,42998,43001,43005,43009,43023,43026,43044,43047,43062,43066,43071,43085,43091,43093,43150,43152,43185,43188,43204,43208,43215,43219,43224,43227,43238,43242,43247,43262,43271,43276,43295,43298,43310,43312,43317,43327,43330,43359,43364,43373,43377,43382,43385,43389,43394,43396,43426,43429,43436,43441,43446,43450,43453,43461,43464,43542,43545,43567,43569,43573,43576,43580,43586,43649,43653,43661,43665,43668,43670,43695,43715],[10,42534,42530],{"id":42535},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42537,3863,42538,42540],{},[15,42539,35302],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42542,42543],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[47,42545,50],{"id":49},[52,42547,42549],{"className":54,"code":42548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42550,42551,42561,42571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42552,42553,42555,42557,42559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42554,2093],{"class":159},[61,42556,147],{"class":75},[61,42558,11442],{"class":159},[61,42560,153],{"class":75},[61,42562,42563,42565,42567,42569],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42564,2093],{"class":159},[61,42566,147],{"class":75},[61,42568,3724],{"class":2071},[61,42570,153],{"class":75},[61,42572,42573,42575,42577,42579,42581,42583],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,42574,2093],{"class":159},[61,42576,147],{"class":75},[61,42578,630],{"class":503},[61,42580,34933],{"class":507},[61,42582,630],{"class":503},[61,42584,153],{"class":75},[20,42586,1503,42587,42589,42590,3159,42592,42594,42595,42598],{},[15,42588,35302],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42591,11442],{},[15,42593,3724],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42596,42597],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[47,42600,42602],{"id":42601},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42604,42605,42607],{},[15,42606,35302],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42609,42610],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[29,42612,42613,42616,42619,42622,42625],{},[32,42614,42615],{},"Functions",[32,42617,42618],{},"Classes",[32,42620,42621],{},"Methods",[32,42623,42624],{},"Modules",[32,42626,42627],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42629,42630],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42632,42633,42634,42640],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[214,42635,42637],{"href":42636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42638,42639],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[52,42642,42644],{"className":54,"code":42643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\n",[15,42645,42646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42649,2093],{"class":159},[61,42651,147],{"class":75},[61,42653,11442],{"class":159},[61,42655,153],{"class":75},[20,42657,42658],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[47,42660,221],{"id":220},[20,42662,42663],{},"The main form is:",[52,42665,42667],{"className":54,"code":42666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(object)\n",[15,42668,42669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42670,42671,42673,42675,42678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42672,2093],{"class":159},[61,42674,147],{"class":75},[61,42676,42677],{"class":2071},"object",[61,42679,153],{"class":75},[20,42681,42682],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42684,42685],{},"Common examples include:",[29,42687,42688,42692,42697,42701],{},[32,42689,42690],{},[15,42691,11442],{},[32,42693,42694],{},[15,42695,42696],{},"list.append",[32,42698,42699],{},[15,42700,3724],{},[32,42702,42703],{},[15,42704,42705],{},"open",[20,42707,7455,42708,7458],{},[15,42709,35302],{},[52,42711,42713],{"className":54,"code":42712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help()\n",[15,42714,42715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42716,42717,42719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42718,2093],{"class":159},[61,42720,8926],{"class":75},[20,42722,42723],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[47,42725,42727],{"id":42726},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[887,42729,42731],{"id":42730},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42733,42734,42735,1830,42737,1830,42739,1833,42742,140],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42736,11442],{},[15,42738,160],{},[15,42740,42741],{},"input",[214,42743,42744],{"href":2581},[15,42745,2584],{},[52,42747,42749],{"className":54,"code":42748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42750,42751,42761,42771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42752,42753,42755,42757,42759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42754,2093],{"class":159},[61,42756,147],{"class":75},[61,42758,160],{"class":159},[61,42760,153],{"class":75},[61,42762,42763,42765,42767,42769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42764,2093],{"class":159},[61,42766,147],{"class":75},[61,42768,42741],{"class":159},[61,42770,153],{"class":75},[61,42772,42773,42775,42777,42779],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,42774,2093],{"class":159},[61,42776,147],{"class":75},[61,42778,2072],{"class":2071},[61,42780,153],{"class":75},[887,42782,42784],{"id":42783},"data-types","Data types",[20,42786,42787,42788,1830,42790,1830,42792,1833,42794,140],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42789,3724],{},[15,42791,8377],{},[15,42793,9104],{},[15,42795,2098],{},[52,42797,42799],{"className":54,"code":42798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42800,42801,42811,42821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42802,42803,42805,42807,42809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42804,2093],{"class":159},[61,42806,147],{"class":75},[61,42808,3724],{"class":2071},[61,42810,153],{"class":75},[61,42812,42813,42815,42817,42819],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42814,2093],{"class":159},[61,42816,147],{"class":75},[61,42818,8377],{"class":2071},[61,42820,153],{"class":75},[61,42822,42823,42825,42827,42829],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,42824,2093],{"class":159},[61,42826,147],{"class":75},[61,42828,9104],{"class":2071},[61,42830,153],{"class":75},[20,42832,42833],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[887,42835,42621],{"id":34780},[20,42837,42838,42839,700,42842,140],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42840,42841],{},"str.split",[15,42843,42696],{},[52,42845,42847],{"className":54,"code":42846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42848,42849,42863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42850,42851,42853,42855,42857,42859,42861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42852,2093],{"class":159},[61,42854,147],{"class":75},[61,42856,3724],{"class":2071},[61,42858,140],{"class":75},[61,42860,34743],{"class":2103},[61,42862,153],{"class":75},[61,42864,42865,42867,42869,42871,42873,42875],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42866,2093],{"class":159},[61,42868,147],{"class":75},[61,42870,8377],{"class":2071},[61,42872,140],{"class":75},[61,42874,13834],{"class":2103},[61,42876,153],{"class":75},[20,42878,42879,42880,2020,42882,28590,42887,42889,42890,42892],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42881,35302],{},[214,42883,42885],{"href":42884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42886,34586],{},[15,42888,34586],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42891,35302],{}," explains one of them.",[887,42894,42624],{"id":34933},[20,42896,42897,42898,1830,42900,1833,42902,140],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42899,18696],{},[15,42901,35465],{},[15,42903,42904],{},"os",[52,42906,42908],{"className":54,"code":42907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42909,42910,42916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42911,42912,42914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42913,35366],{"class":4158},[61,42915,35369],{"class":67},[61,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42919,2093],{"class":159},[61,42921,147],{"class":75},[61,42923,18696],{"class":143},[61,42925,153],{"class":75},[20,42927,42928,42929,42933,42934,140],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[214,42930,42932],{"href":42931},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[214,42935,35432],{"href":42936},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[47,42938,35193],{"id":35192},[20,42940,42941,42943],{},[15,42942,35302],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42945,42946],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[29,42948,42949,42952,42955,42958],{},[32,42950,42951],{},"The function signature",[32,42953,42954],{},"The short description",[32,42956,42957],{},"Parameter names",[32,42959,42960],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42962,5752],{},[52,42964,42966],{"className":54,"code":42965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42967,42968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42969,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978,42980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42971,2093],{"class":159},[61,42973,147],{"class":75},[61,42975,3724],{"class":2071},[61,42977,140],{"class":75},[61,42979,34743],{"class":2103},[61,42981,153],{"class":75},[20,42983,42984],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[29,42986,42987,42990,42993,42995],{},[32,42988,42989],{},"What object this is",[32,42991,42992],{},"What arguments it accepts",[32,42994,345],{},[32,42996,42997],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42999,43000],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[47,43002,43004],{"id":43003},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43006,43007,30150],{},[15,43008,35302],{},[29,43010,43011,43014,43017,43020],{},[32,43012,43013],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[32,43015,43016],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[32,43018,43019],{},"You are exploring a new module",[32,43021,43022],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43024,43025],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[52,43027,43028],{"className":54,"code":42965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,43029,43030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43031,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43033,2093],{"class":159},[61,43035,147],{"class":75},[61,43037,3724],{"class":2071},[61,43039,140],{"class":75},[61,43041,34743],{"class":2103},[61,43043,153],{"class":75},[20,43045,43046],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[52,43048,43050],{"className":54,"code":43049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(open)\n",[15,43051,43052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43053,43054,43056,43058,43060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43055,2093],{"class":159},[61,43057,147],{"class":75},[61,43059,42705],{"class":159},[61,43061,153],{"class":75},[47,43063,43065],{"id":43064},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43067,43068,43070],{},[15,43069,35302],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[29,43072,43073,43076,43079,43082],{},[32,43074,43075],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[32,43077,43078],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[32,43080,43081],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[32,43083,43084],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43086,43087,43088,43090],{},"So, ",[15,43089,35302],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43092,5752],{},[52,43094,43096],{"className":54,"code":43095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43097,43098,43111,43135,43139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43099,43100,43102,43104,43106,43109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43101,34962],{"class":67},[61,43103,72],{"class":71},[61,43105,515],{"class":503},[61,43107,43108],{"class":507},"a,b,c",[61,43110,3639],{"class":503},[61,43112,43113,43116,43118,43121,43123,43125,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43114,43115],{"class":67},"parts ",[61,43117,72],{"class":71},[61,43119,43120],{"class":67}," text",[61,43122,140],{"class":75},[61,43124,34743],{"class":143},[61,43126,147],{"class":75},[61,43128,504],{"class":503},[61,43130,83],{"class":507},[61,43132,504],{"class":503},[61,43134,153],{"class":75},[61,43136,43137],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,43138,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,43140,43141,43143,43145,43148],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,43142,160],{"class":159},[61,43144,147],{"class":75},[61,43146,43147],{"class":143},"parts",[61,43149,153],{"class":75},[20,43151,5839],{},[52,43153,43155],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43156,43157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43158,43159,43161,43163,43165,43167,43169,43171,43173,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43160,4182],{"class":75},[61,43162,630],{"class":503},[61,43164,214],{"class":507},[61,43166,630],{"class":503},[61,43168,83],{"class":75},[61,43170,639],{"class":503},[61,43172,329],{"class":507},[61,43174,630],{"class":503},[61,43176,83],{"class":75},[61,43178,639],{"class":503},[61,43180,1071],{"class":507},[61,43182,630],{"class":503},[61,43184,943],{"class":75},[20,43186,43187],{},"A good workflow is:",[28989,43189,43190,43195,43198,43201],{},[32,43191,1503,43192,43194],{},[15,43193,35302],{}," to inspect something",[32,43196,43197],{},"Write a tiny example",[32,43199,43200],{},"Check the result",[32,43202,43203],{},"Repeat",[47,43205,43207],{"id":43206},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43209,43210,700,43212,43214],{},[15,43211,35302],{},[15,43213,34586],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[887,43216,43217],{"id":2093},[15,43218,35302],{},[20,43220,1503,43221,43223],{},[15,43222,35302],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43225,43226],{},"It tells you:",[29,43228,43229,43232,43235],{},[32,43230,43231],{},"What something is",[32,43233,43234],{},"How to use it",[32,43236,43237],{},"What parameters it accepts",[887,43239,43240],{"id":34647},[15,43241,34586],{},[20,43243,1503,43244,43246],{},[15,43245,34586],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[52,43248,43250],{"className":54,"code":43249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dir(str)\n",[15,43251,43252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43253,43254,43256,43258,43260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43255,34647],{"class":159},[61,43257,147],{"class":75},[61,43259,3724],{"class":2071},[61,43261,153],{"class":75},[20,43263,43264,43265,1830,43267,1833,43269,140],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43266,34743],{},[15,43268,8917],{},[15,43270,8923],{},[20,43272,43273,43274,192],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43275,35302],{},[52,43277,43279],{"className":54,"code":43278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43280,43281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43282,43283,43285,43287,43289,43291,43293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43284,2093],{"class":159},[61,43286,147],{"class":75},[61,43288,3724],{"class":2071},[61,43290,140],{"class":75},[61,43292,8923],{"class":2103},[61,43294,153],{"class":75},[20,43296,43297],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[29,43299,43300,43305],{},[32,43301,1503,43302,43304],{},[15,43303,34586],{}," to discover options",[32,43306,1503,43307,43309],{},[15,43308,35302],{}," to understand one option",[47,43311,3111],{"id":3110},[20,43313,43314,43315,140],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43316,35302],{},[887,43318,716,43320,43323,43324],{"id":43319},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43321,43322],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43325,43326],{},"help(len)",[20,43328,43329],{},"These are not always the same.",[52,43331,43333],{"className":54,"code":43332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43334,43335,43345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43336,43337,43339,43341,43343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43338,2093],{"class":159},[61,43340,147],{"class":75},[61,43342,11442],{"class":159},[61,43344,153],{"class":75},[61,43346,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355,43357],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43348,2093],{"class":159},[61,43350,147],{"class":75},[61,43352,630],{"class":503},[61,43354,11442],{"class":507},[61,43356,630],{"class":503},[61,43358,153],{"class":75},[20,43360,43361,43363],{},[15,43362,43326],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43365,43366,43368,43369,43372],{},[15,43367,43322],{}," treats ",[15,43370,43371],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[887,43374,43376],{"id":43375},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43378,43379,43381],{},[15,43380,35302],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43383,43384],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[887,43386,43388],{"id":43387},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43390,40621,43391,43393],{},[15,43392,35302],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43395,368],{},[52,43397,43399],{"className":54,"code":43398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43400,43401,43411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43402,43403,43405,43407,43409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43404,2093],{"class":159},[61,43406,147],{"class":75},[61,43408,11442],{"class":159},[61,43410,153],{"class":75},[61,43412,43413,43415,43417,43419,43422,43424],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43414,160],{"class":159},[61,43416,147],{"class":75},[61,43418,504],{"class":503},[61,43420,43421],{"class":507},"Done",[61,43423,504],{"class":503},[61,43425,153],{"class":75},[20,43427,43428],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[887,43430,37480,43432,2020,43434],{"id":43431},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43433,35302],{},[15,43435,34586],{},[20,43437,43438,43439,140],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43440,34586],{},[20,43442,43443,43444,140],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43445,35302],{},[47,43447,43449],{"id":43448},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43451,43452],{},"Open Python:",[52,43454,43455],{"className":54,"code":35818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,43456,43457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43458,43459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43460,35818],{"class":67},[20,43462,43463],{},"Then test these commands:",[52,43465,43467],{"className":54,"code":43466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43468,43469,43479,43493,43507,43517,43532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43470,43471,43473,43475,43477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43472,2093],{"class":159},[61,43474,147],{"class":75},[61,43476,11442],{"class":159},[61,43478,153],{"class":75},[61,43480,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43482,2093],{"class":159},[61,43484,147],{"class":75},[61,43486,3724],{"class":2071},[61,43488,140],{"class":75},[61,43490,34743],{"class":2103},[61,43492,153],{"class":75},[61,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,43496,2093],{"class":159},[61,43498,147],{"class":75},[61,43500,8377],{"class":2071},[61,43502,140],{"class":75},[61,43504,13834],{"class":2103},[61,43506,153],{"class":75},[61,43508,43509,43511,43513,43515],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,43510,2093],{"class":159},[61,43512,147],{"class":75},[61,43514,42705],{"class":159},[61,43516,153],{"class":75},[61,43518,43519,43521,43523,43525,43528,43530],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,43520,2093],{"class":159},[61,43522,147],{"class":75},[61,43524,630],{"class":503},[61,43526,43527],{"class":507},"keywords",[61,43529,630],{"class":503},[61,43531,153],{"class":75},[61,43533,43534,43536,43538,43540],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,43535,34647],{"class":159},[61,43537,147],{"class":75},[61,43539,3724],{"class":2071},[61,43541,153],{"class":75},[20,43543,43544],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[29,43546,43547,43550,43553,43556,43559,43562],{},[32,43548,43549],{},"A built-in function",[32,43551,43552],{},"A string method",[32,43554,43555],{},"A list method",[32,43557,43558],{},"A built-in file function",[32,43560,43561],{},"A special help topic",[32,43563,15469,43564,43566],{},[15,43565,34586],{}," example for comparison",[47,43568,2109],{"id":2108},[887,43570,43572],{"id":43571},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43574,43575],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[887,43577,43579],{"id":43578},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43581,43582,43583,43585],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43584,35302],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[52,43587,43589],{"className":54,"code":43588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43590,43591,43603,43616,43635,43639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43592,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43594,35126],{"class":2350},[61,43596,35130],{"class":35129},[61,43598,147],{"class":75},[61,43600,7949],{"class":37939},[61,43602,8626],{"class":75},[61,43604,43605,43609,43613],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43606,43608],{"class":43607},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[61,43610,43612],{"class":43611},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[61,43614,43615],{"class":43607},"\"\"\"\n",[61,43617,43618,43620,43623,43626,43628,43630,43632],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,43619,35137],{"class":4158},[61,43621,43622],{"class":2350}," f",[61,43624,43625],{"class":507},"\"Hello, ",[61,43627,627],{"class":79},[61,43629,7949],{"class":67},[61,43631,22579],{"class":79},[61,43633,43634],{"class":507},"!\"\n",[61,43636,43637],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,43638,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,43640,43641,43643,43645,43647],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,43642,2093],{"class":159},[61,43644,147],{"class":75},[61,43646,35172],{"class":143},[61,43648,153],{"class":75},[887,43650,43652],{"id":43651},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43654,43655,43657,43658,43660],{},[15,43656,43326],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43659,43322],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[887,43662,43664],{"id":43663},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43666,43667],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[47,43669,2172],{"id":2171},[29,43671,43672,43677,43681,43686,43691],{},[32,43673,43674],{},[214,43675,43676],{"href":42884},"Python dir() function explained",[32,43678,43679],{},[214,43680,8726],{"href":2581},[32,43682,43683],{},[214,43684,43685],{"href":42636},"Python len() function explained",[32,43687,43688],{},[214,43689,43690],{"href":42931},"How import works in Python",[32,43692,43693],{},[214,43694,35432],{"href":42936},[20,43696,43697,43698,43700,43701,1830,43703,1833,43705,43707,43708,3159,43711,43714],{},"Try ",[15,43699,35302],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43702,11442],{},[15,43704,160],{},[15,43706,42741],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43709,43710],{},"dir(str)",[15,43712,43713],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2204,43716,43717],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":43719},[43720,43721,43722,43723,43729,43730,43731,43732,43736,43744,43745,43751],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":42601,"depth":97,"text":42602},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":42726,"depth":97,"text":42727,"children":43724},[43725,43726,43727,43728],{"id":42730,"depth":122,"text":42731},{"id":42783,"depth":122,"text":42784},{"id":34780,"depth":122,"text":42621},{"id":34933,"depth":122,"text":42624},{"id":35192,"depth":97,"text":35193},{"id":43003,"depth":97,"text":43004},{"id":43064,"depth":97,"text":43065},{"id":43206,"depth":97,"text":43207,"children":43733},[43734,43735],{"id":2093,"depth":122,"text":35302},{"id":34647,"depth":122,"text":34586},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":43737},[43738,43740,43741,43742],{"id":43319,"depth":122,"text":43739},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43375,"depth":122,"text":43376},{"id":43387,"depth":122,"text":43388},{"id":43431,"depth":122,"text":43743},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43448,"depth":97,"text":43449},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":43746},[43747,43748,43749,43750],{"id":43571,"depth":122,"text":43572},{"id":43578,"depth":122,"text":43579},{"id":43651,"depth":122,"text":43652},{"id":43663,"depth":122,"text":43664},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42530,"description":43752},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43758,"title":43759,"body":43760,"description":45122,"extension":2249,"meta":45123,"navigation":125,"path":45124,"seo":45125,"stem":45126,"__hash__":45127},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43761,"toc":45095},[43762,43768,43773,43779,43789,43848,43858,43869,43874,43880,43882,43900,43908,43910,43912,43927,43930,43941,43943,44034,44037,44041,44046,44067,44069,44180,44182,44209,44220,44224,44227,44310,44312,44320,44326,44332,44336,44339,44449,44451,44464,44467,44481,44489,44496,44501,44515,44521,44634,44636,44697,44700,44706,44712,44715,44737,44740,44810,44813,44845,44852,44854,44857,44875,44878,44890,44896,44898,44903,44929,44932,45004,45006,45012,45015,45021,45024,45030,45040,45046,45049,45056,45059,45061,45092],[10,43763,13,43765,3860],{"id":43764},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43766,43767],{},"id()",[20,43769,32592,43770,43772],{},[15,43771,43767],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43774,43775,43776,43778],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43777,43767],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43780,1503,43781,43783,43784,43786,43787,140],{},[15,43782,43767],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[39,43785,4909],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43788,4967],{},[52,43790,43792],{"className":54,"code":43791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43793,43794,43806,43820,43824,43834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43795,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43797,8159],{"class":67},[61,43799,72],{"class":71},[61,43801,515],{"class":503},[61,43803,7577],{"class":507},[61,43805,3639],{"class":503},[61,43807,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816,43818],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43809,160],{"class":159},[61,43811,147],{"class":75},[61,43813,12930],{"class":159},[61,43815,147],{"class":75},[61,43817,7949],{"class":143},[61,43819,1761],{"class":75},[61,43821,43822],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,43823,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,43825,43826,43829,43831],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,43827,43828],{"class":67},"other ",[61,43830,72],{"class":71},[61,43832,43833],{"class":67}," name\n",[61,43835,43836,43838,43840,43842,43844,43846],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,43837,160],{"class":159},[61,43839,147],{"class":75},[61,43841,12930],{"class":159},[61,43843,147],{"class":75},[61,43845,31018],{"class":143},[61,43847,1761],{"class":75},[20,43849,43850,43851,43854,43855,43857],{},"In this example, ",[15,43852,43853],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43856,43767],{}," values match.",[43859,43860,43861],"blockquote",{},[20,43862,1503,43863,43865,43866,43868],{},[15,43864,43767],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43867,4967],{}," for value comparison.",[47,43870,184,43872,187],{"id":43871},"what-id-does",[15,43873,43767],{},[20,43875,43876,43879],{},[15,43877,43878],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43881,254],{},[29,43883,43884,43887,43894,43897],{},[32,43885,43886],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[32,43888,43889,43890,43893],{},"It shows ",[39,43891,43892],{},"object identity",", not object value",[32,43895,43896],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[32,43898,43899],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43901,43902,43903,43907],{},"This is closely related to how ",[214,43904,43906],{"href":43905},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[47,43909,221],{"id":220},[20,43911,5714],{},[52,43913,43915],{"className":54,"code":43914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"id(object)\n",[15,43916,43917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43918,43919,43921,43923,43925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43920,12930],{"class":159},[61,43922,147],{"class":75},[61,43924,42677],{"class":2071},[61,43926,153],{"class":75},[20,43928,43929],{},"Important details:",[29,43931,43932,43935,43938],{},[32,43933,43934],{},"It takes one argument",[32,43936,43937],{},"It returns an integer",[32,43939,43940],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43942,368],{},[52,43944,43946],{"className":54,"code":43945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43947,43948,43960,43968,43988,43992,44006,44020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43949,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43951,34962],{"class":67},[61,43953,72],{"class":71},[61,43955,515],{"class":503},[61,43957,4126],{"class":507},[61,43959,3639],{"class":503},[61,43961,43962,43964,43966],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43963,2501],{"class":67},[61,43965,72],{"class":71},[61,43967,3049],{"class":79},[61,43969,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,43971,8061],{"class":67},[61,43973,72],{"class":71},[61,43975,926],{"class":75},[61,43977,80],{"class":79},[61,43979,83],{"class":75},[61,43981,86],{"class":79},[61,43983,83],{"class":75},[61,43985,91],{"class":79},[61,43987,943],{"class":75},[61,43989,43990],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,43991,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,43993,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,43995,160],{"class":159},[61,43997,147],{"class":75},[61,43999,12930],{"class":159},[61,44001,147],{"class":75},[61,44003,34983],{"class":143},[61,44005,1761],{"class":75},[61,44007,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,44009,160],{"class":159},[61,44011,147],{"class":75},[61,44013,12930],{"class":159},[61,44015,147],{"class":75},[61,44017,2523],{"class":143},[61,44019,1761],{"class":75},[61,44021,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,44023,160],{"class":159},[61,44025,147],{"class":75},[61,44027,12930],{"class":159},[61,44029,147],{"class":75},[61,44031,8092],{"class":143},[61,44033,1761],{"class":75},[20,44035,44036],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[47,44038,44040],{"id":44039},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44042,44043,44044,140],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44045,43767],{},[29,44047,44048,44055,44062],{},[32,44049,44050,44052,44053],{},[15,44051,4967],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[39,44054,2755],{},[32,44056,44057,44059,44060],{},[15,44058,12474],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[39,44061,42677],{},[32,44063,44064,44066],{},[15,44065,43767],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44068,368],{},[52,44070,44072],{"className":54,"code":44071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44073,44074,44094,44114,44118,44135,44152,44166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44075,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44077,37],{"class":67},[61,44079,72],{"class":71},[61,44081,926],{"class":75},[61,44083,80],{"class":79},[61,44085,83],{"class":75},[61,44087,86],{"class":79},[61,44089,83],{"class":75},[61,44091,91],{"class":79},[61,44093,943],{"class":75},[61,44095,44096,44098,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44112],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44097,294],{"class":67},[61,44099,72],{"class":71},[61,44101,926],{"class":75},[61,44103,80],{"class":79},[61,44105,83],{"class":75},[61,44107,86],{"class":79},[61,44109,83],{"class":75},[61,44111,91],{"class":79},[61,44113,943],{"class":75},[61,44115,44116],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44117,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44119,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44121,160],{"class":159},[61,44123,147],{"class":75},[61,44125,37],{"class":143},[61,44127,4967],{"class":71},[61,44129,2840],{"class":143},[61,44131,442],{"class":75},[61,44133,44134],{"class":173},"   # True\n",[61,44136,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44138,160],{"class":159},[61,44140,147],{"class":75},[61,44142,37],{"class":143},[61,44144,12474],{"class":4158},[61,44146,2840],{"class":143},[61,44148,442],{"class":75},[61,44150,44151],{"class":173},"   # False\n",[61,44153,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,44155,160],{"class":159},[61,44157,147],{"class":75},[61,44159,12930],{"class":159},[61,44161,147],{"class":75},[61,44163,214],{"class":143},[61,44165,1761],{"class":75},[61,44167,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176,44178],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,44169,160],{"class":159},[61,44171,147],{"class":75},[61,44173,12930],{"class":159},[61,44175,147],{"class":75},[61,44177,329],{"class":143},[61,44179,1761],{"class":75},[20,44181,2463],{},[29,44183,44184,44192,44200],{},[32,44185,44186,5062,44189,44191],{},[15,44187,44188],{},"a == b",[15,44190,3885],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[32,44193,44194,5062,44197,44199],{},[15,44195,44196],{},"a is b",[15,44198,3954],{}," because they are different list objects",[32,44201,44202,700,44205,44208],{},[15,44203,44204],{},"id(a)",[15,44206,44207],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44210,44211,44212,700,44216,140],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[214,44213,44215],{"href":44214},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[214,44217,44219],{"href":44218},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[47,44221,44223],{"id":44222},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44225,44226],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[52,44228,44230],{"className":54,"code":44229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44231,44232,44252,44262,44266,44280,44295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44233,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44235,900],{"class":67},[61,44237,72],{"class":71},[61,44239,926],{"class":75},[61,44241,2613],{"class":79},[61,44243,83],{"class":75},[61,44245,8072],{"class":79},[61,44247,83],{"class":75},[61,44249,8077],{"class":79},[61,44251,943],{"class":75},[61,44253,44254,44257,44259],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44255,44256],{"class":67},"other_numbers ",[61,44258,72],{"class":71},[61,44260,44261],{"class":67}," numbers\n",[61,44263,44264],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44265,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44267,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44269,160],{"class":159},[61,44271,147],{"class":75},[61,44273,12930],{"class":159},[61,44275,147],{"class":75},[61,44277,3929],{"class":143},[61,44279,1761],{"class":75},[61,44281,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290,44293],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44283,160],{"class":159},[61,44285,147],{"class":75},[61,44287,12930],{"class":159},[61,44289,147],{"class":75},[61,44291,44292],{"class":143},"other_numbers",[61,44294,1761],{"class":75},[61,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44308],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,44298,160],{"class":159},[61,44300,147],{"class":75},[61,44302,900],{"class":143},[61,44304,12474],{"class":4158},[61,44306,44307],{"class":143}," other_numbers",[61,44309,153],{"class":75},[20,44311,5839],{},[52,44313,44314],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,44315,44316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44317,44318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44319,4262],{"class":4133},[20,44321,44322,44323,44325],{},"The two ",[15,44324,43767],{}," values will also match.",[20,44327,1283,44328,44331],{},[15,44329,44330],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[47,44333,44335],{"id":44334},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44337,44338],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[52,44340,44342],{"className":54,"code":44341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44343,44344,44365,44386,44390,44405,44419,44434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44345,44346,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44347,44348],{"class":67},"list_a ",[61,44350,72],{"class":71},[61,44352,926],{"class":75},[61,44354,80],{"class":79},[61,44356,83],{"class":75},[61,44358,86],{"class":79},[61,44360,83],{"class":75},[61,44362,91],{"class":79},[61,44364,943],{"class":75},[61,44366,44367,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382,44384],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44368,44369],{"class":67},"list_b ",[61,44371,72],{"class":71},[61,44373,926],{"class":75},[61,44375,80],{"class":79},[61,44377,83],{"class":75},[61,44379,86],{"class":79},[61,44381,83],{"class":75},[61,44383,91],{"class":79},[61,44385,943],{"class":75},[61,44387,44388],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44389,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44403],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44393,160],{"class":159},[61,44395,147],{"class":75},[61,44397,44348],{"class":143},[61,44399,4967],{"class":71},[61,44401,44402],{"class":143}," list_b",[61,44404,153],{"class":75},[61,44406,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44408,160],{"class":159},[61,44410,147],{"class":75},[61,44412,44348],{"class":143},[61,44414,12474],{"class":4158},[61,44416,44402],{"class":143},[61,44418,153],{"class":75},[61,44420,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429,44432],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,44422,160],{"class":159},[61,44424,147],{"class":75},[61,44426,12930],{"class":159},[61,44428,147],{"class":75},[61,44430,44431],{"class":143},"list_a",[61,44433,1761],{"class":75},[61,44435,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44447],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,44437,160],{"class":159},[61,44439,147],{"class":75},[61,44441,12930],{"class":159},[61,44443,147],{"class":75},[61,44445,44446],{"class":143},"list_b",[61,44448,1761],{"class":75},[20,44450,5839],{},[52,44452,44454],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44455,44456,44460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44457,44458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44459,4262],{"class":4133},[61,44461,44462],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44463,4323],{"class":4133},[20,44465,44466],{},"What this means:",[29,44468,44469,44472,44475],{},[32,44470,44471],{},"The lists are equal in value",[32,44473,44474],{},"They are not the same object",[32,44476,44477,44478,44480],{},"Their ",[15,44479,43767],{}," values are usually different",[20,44482,44483,44484,44486,44487,140],{},"This is why ",[15,44485,43767],{}," should not replace ",[15,44488,4967],{},[47,44490,44492,44493,44495],{"id":44491},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44494,43767],{}," is useful",[20,44497,44498,44500],{},[15,44499,43767],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[29,44502,44503,44506,44509,44512],{},[32,44504,44505],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[32,44507,44508],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[32,44510,44511],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[32,44513,44514],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44516,44517,44518,44520],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44519,43767],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[52,44522,44524],{"className":54,"code":44523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44525,44526,44550,44559,44563,44582,44586,44596,44606,44620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44527,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44529,12366],{"class":67},[61,44531,72],{"class":71},[61,44533,926],{"class":75},[61,44535,504],{"class":503},[61,44537,214],{"class":507},[61,44539,504],{"class":503},[61,44541,83],{"class":75},[61,44543,515],{"class":503},[61,44545,329],{"class":507},[61,44547,504],{"class":503},[61,44549,943],{"class":75},[61,44551,44552,44555,44557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44553,44554],{"class":67},"copy_ref ",[61,44556,72],{"class":71},[61,44558,12404],{"class":67},[61,44560,44561],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44562,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44564,44565,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44566,44567],{"class":67},"copy_ref",[61,44569,140],{"class":75},[61,44571,13834],{"class":143},[61,44573,147],{"class":75},[61,44575,504],{"class":503},[61,44577,1071],{"class":507},[61,44579,504],{"class":503},[61,44581,153],{"class":75},[61,44583,44584],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44585,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44587,44588,44590,44592,44594],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,44589,160],{"class":159},[61,44591,147],{"class":75},[61,44593,12413],{"class":143},[61,44595,153],{"class":75},[61,44597,44598,44600,44602,44604],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,44599,160],{"class":159},[61,44601,147],{"class":75},[61,44603,44567],{"class":143},[61,44605,153],{"class":75},[61,44607,44608,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,44609,160],{"class":159},[61,44611,147],{"class":75},[61,44613,12930],{"class":159},[61,44615,147],{"class":75},[61,44617,12413],{"class":143},[61,44619,1761],{"class":75},[61,44621,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630,44632],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,44623,160],{"class":159},[61,44625,147],{"class":75},[61,44627,12930],{"class":159},[61,44629,147],{"class":75},[61,44631,44567],{"class":143},[61,44633,1761],{"class":75},[20,44635,5839],{},[52,44637,44639],{"className":54,"code":44638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44640,44641,44669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44642,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44644,4182],{"class":75},[61,44646,630],{"class":503},[61,44648,214],{"class":507},[61,44650,630],{"class":503},[61,44652,83],{"class":75},[61,44654,639],{"class":503},[61,44656,329],{"class":507},[61,44658,630],{"class":503},[61,44660,83],{"class":75},[61,44662,639],{"class":503},[61,44664,1071],{"class":507},[61,44666,630],{"class":503},[61,44668,943],{"class":75},[61,44670,44671,44673,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693,44695],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44672,4182],{"class":75},[61,44674,630],{"class":503},[61,44676,214],{"class":507},[61,44678,630],{"class":503},[61,44680,83],{"class":75},[61,44682,639],{"class":503},[61,44684,329],{"class":507},[61,44686,630],{"class":503},[61,44688,83],{"class":75},[61,44690,639],{"class":503},[61,44692,1071],{"class":507},[61,44694,630],{"class":503},[61,44696,943],{"class":75},[20,44698,44699],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[47,44701,44703,44704],{"id":44702},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44705,43767],{},[20,44707,44708,44709,44711],{},"Do not use ",[15,44710,43767],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44713,44714],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[29,44716,44717,44723,44729,44732],{},[32,44718,44719,44720,44722],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44721,4967],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[32,44724,44725,44726,44728],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44727,43767],{}," values across program runs",[32,44730,44731],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[32,44733,44734,44735],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44736,43767],{},[20,44738,44739],{},"Bad example:",[52,44741,44743],{"className":54,"code":44742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44744,44745,44757,44769,44773,44795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44746,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44748,37],{"class":67},[61,44750,72],{"class":71},[61,44752,515],{"class":503},[61,44754,1218],{"class":507},[61,44756,3639],{"class":503},[61,44758,44759,44761,44763,44765,44767],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44760,294],{"class":67},[61,44762,72],{"class":71},[61,44764,515],{"class":503},[61,44766,1218],{"class":507},[61,44768,3639],{"class":503},[61,44770,44771],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44772,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,44774,44775,44777,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44776,7277],{"class":4158},[61,44778,15097],{"class":159},[61,44780,147],{"class":75},[61,44782,214],{"class":143},[61,44784,442],{"class":75},[61,44786,6688],{"class":71},[61,44788,15097],{"class":159},[61,44790,147],{"class":75},[61,44792,329],{"class":143},[61,44794,8626],{"class":75},[61,44796,44797,44799,44801,44803,44806,44808],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44798,8352],{"class":159},[61,44800,147],{"class":75},[61,44802,504],{"class":503},[61,44804,44805],{"class":507},"The values are equal",[61,44807,504],{"class":503},[61,44809,153],{"class":75},[20,44811,44812],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[52,44814,44816],{"className":54,"code":44815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44817,44818,44831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44819,44820,44822,44825,44827,44829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44821,7277],{"class":4158},[61,44823,44824],{"class":67}," a ",[61,44826,4967],{"class":71},[61,44828,2840],{"class":67},[61,44830,6673],{"class":75},[61,44832,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44834,8352],{"class":159},[61,44836,147],{"class":75},[61,44838,504],{"class":503},[61,44840,44805],{"class":507},[61,44842,504],{"class":503},[61,44844,153],{"class":75},[20,44846,1503,44847,3159,44849,44851],{},[15,44848,12474],{},[15,44850,43767],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[47,44853,21080],{"id":21079},[20,44855,44856],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[29,44858,44859,44862,44865,44870],{},[32,44860,44861],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[32,44863,44864],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[32,44866,44867,44868],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44869,43767],{},[32,44871,44872,44873],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44874,43767],{},[20,44876,44877],{},"The important rule is:",[29,44879,44880,44885],{},[32,44881,1503,44882,44884],{},[15,44883,4967],{}," to check value",[32,44886,1503,44887,44889],{},[15,44888,12474],{}," to check identity",[20,44891,44892,44893,44895],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44894,43767],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[47,44897,3111],{"id":3110},[20,44899,44900,44901,192],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44902,43767],{},[29,44904,44905,44913,44916,44919,44924],{},[32,44906,716,44907,44909,44910,44912],{},[15,44908,43767],{}," when ",[15,44911,4967],{}," should be used",[32,44914,44915],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[32,44917,44918],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[32,44920,44921,44922],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44923,43767],{},[32,44925,716,44926,44928],{},[15,44927,43767],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44930,44931],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[52,44933,44935],{"className":54,"code":44934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44936,44937,44952,44966,44980,44994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44938,44939,44941,44943,44945,44947,44950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44940,160],{"class":159},[61,44942,147],{"class":75},[61,44944,12930],{"class":159},[61,44946,147],{"class":75},[61,44948,44949],{"class":143},"my_object",[61,44951,1761],{"class":75},[61,44953,44954,44956,44958,44960,44962,44964],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44955,160],{"class":159},[61,44957,147],{"class":75},[61,44959,37],{"class":143},[61,44961,4967],{"class":71},[61,44963,2840],{"class":143},[61,44965,153],{"class":75},[61,44967,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,44969,160],{"class":159},[61,44971,147],{"class":75},[61,44973,37],{"class":143},[61,44975,12474],{"class":4158},[61,44977,2840],{"class":143},[61,44979,153],{"class":75},[61,44981,44982,44984,44986,44988,44990,44992],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,44983,160],{"class":159},[61,44985,147],{"class":75},[61,44987,2072],{"class":2071},[61,44989,147],{"class":75},[61,44991,44949],{"class":143},[61,44993,1761],{"class":75},[61,44995,44996,44998,45000,45002],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,44997,2093],{"class":159},[61,44999,147],{"class":75},[61,45001,12930],{"class":159},[61,45003,153],{"class":75},[47,45005,2109],{"id":2108},[887,45007,45009,45010,12996],{"id":45008},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45011,43767],{},[20,45013,45014],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[887,45016,15184,45018,45020],{"id":45017},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45019,43767],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45022,45023],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[887,45025,21699,45027,45029],{"id":45026},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45028,43767],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45031,30546,45032,45034,45035,3159,45037,45039],{},[15,45033,4967],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45036,43767],{},[15,45038,12474],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[887,45041,45043,45044,2159],{"id":45042},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45045,43767],{},[20,45047,45048],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[887,45050,45052,45053,45055],{"id":45051},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45054,43767],{}," values?",[20,45057,45058],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[47,45060,2172],{"id":2171},[29,45062,45063,45068,45073,45078,45086],{},[32,45064,45065],{},[214,45066,45067],{"href":43905},"Python variables explained for beginners",[32,45069,45070],{},[214,45071,45072],{"href":44214},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[32,45074,45075],{},[214,45076,45077],{"href":44218},"Python data types overview",[32,45079,45080],{},[214,45081,13,45083,3790],{"href":45082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45084,45085],{},"isinstance()",[32,45087,45088],{},[214,45089,45091],{"href":45090},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2204,45093,45094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":45096},[45097,45099,45100,45101,45102,45103,45105,45107,45108,45109,45121],{"id":43871,"depth":97,"text":45098},"What id() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":44039,"depth":97,"text":44040},{"id":44222,"depth":97,"text":44223},{"id":44334,"depth":97,"text":44335},{"id":44491,"depth":97,"text":45104},"When id() is useful",{"id":44702,"depth":97,"text":45106},"When not to use id()",{"id":21079,"depth":97,"text":21080},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":45110},[45111,45113,45115,45117,45119],{"id":45008,"depth":122,"text":45112},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45017,"depth":122,"text":45114},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45026,"depth":122,"text":45116},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45042,"depth":122,"text":45118},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45051,"depth":122,"text":45120},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43759,"description":45122},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45129,"title":42472,"body":45130,"description":46770,"extension":2249,"meta":46771,"navigation":125,"path":46772,"seo":46773,"stem":46774,"__hash__":46775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45131,"toc":46736},[45132,45137,45142,45145,45147,45190,45195,45198,45203,45208,45211,45227,45229,45273,45275,45302,45304,45319,45321,45323,45325,45341,45343,45355,45358,45392,45395,45420,45425,45427,45432,45436,45439,45441,45489,45491,45524,45530,45541,45543,45595,45597,45628,45630,45634,45638,45681,45687,45693,45745,45753,45758,45762,45853,45855,45888,45891,45893,45953,45955,45981,45991,45993,45997,46002,46007,46009,46046,46048,46067,46070,46074,46077,46133,46145,46154,46156,46183,46191,46198,46202,46205,46242,46245,46251,46288,46290,46294,46300,46318,46323,46371,46375,46464,46467,46474,46476,46478,46483,46501,46503,46546,46552,46569,46571,46633,46635,46637,46643,46651,46657,46663,46672,46682,46686,46694,46696,46698,46733],[10,45133,13,45135,3860],{"id":45134},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45136,3239],{},[20,45138,2266,45139,45141],{},[15,45140,3239],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45143,45144],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[47,45146,50],{"id":49},[52,45148,45150],{"className":54,"code":45149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45151,45152,45171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45153,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162,45164,45167,45169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45155,8159],{"class":67},[61,45157,72],{"class":71},[61,45159,8526],{"class":159},[61,45161,147],{"class":75},[61,45163,504],{"class":503},[61,45165,45166],{"class":507},"Enter your name: ",[61,45168,504],{"class":503},[61,45170,153],{"class":75},[61,45172,45173,45175,45177,45179,45182,45184,45186,45188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45174,160],{"class":159},[61,45176,147],{"class":75},[61,45178,504],{"class":503},[61,45180,45181],{"class":507},"Hello, ",[61,45183,504],{"class":503},[61,45185,2737],{"class":71},[61,45187,36268],{"class":143},[61,45189,153],{"class":75},[20,45191,1503,45192,45194],{},[15,45193,3239],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45196,45197],"hr",{},[47,45199,184,45201,187],{"id":45200},"what-input-does",[15,45202,3239],{},[20,45204,45205,45207],{},[15,45206,3239],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45209,45210],{},"Here is what happens:",[29,45212,45213,45218,45221,45224],{},[32,45214,45215,45217],{},[15,45216,3239],{}," waits for the user to type",[32,45219,45220],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[32,45222,45223],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[32,45225,45226],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45228,368],{},[52,45230,45232],{"className":54,"code":45231,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45233,45234,45254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45235,45236,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45250,45252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45237,45238],{"class":67},"color ",[61,45240,72],{"class":71},[61,45242,8526],{"class":159},[61,45244,147],{"class":75},[61,45246,504],{"class":503},[61,45248,45249],{"class":507},"What is your favorite color? ",[61,45251,504],{"class":503},[61,45253,153],{"class":75},[61,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45257,160],{"class":159},[61,45259,147],{"class":75},[61,45261,504],{"class":503},[61,45263,45264],{"class":507},"Your favorite color is",[61,45266,504],{"class":503},[61,45268,83],{"class":75},[61,45270,36127],{"class":143},[61,45272,153],{"class":75},[20,45274,617],{},[52,45276,45278],{"className":54,"code":45277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45279,45280,45293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45281,45282,45284,45286,45289,45291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45283,184],{"class":67},[61,45285,12474],{"class":71},[61,45287,45288],{"class":67}," your favorite color",[61,45290,2159],{"class":37643},[61,45292,36157],{"class":67},[61,45294,45295,45298,45300],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45296,45297],{"class":67},"Your favorite color ",[61,45299,12474],{"class":71},[61,45301,36157],{"class":67},[20,45303,20236],{},[29,45305,45306,45311,45316],{},[32,45307,45308,45309],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45310,45249],{},[32,45312,45313,45314],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45315,33166],{},[32,45317,45318],{},"That value is then printed",[45196,45320],{},[47,45322,221],{"id":220},[20,45324,7498],{},[52,45326,45328],{"className":54,"code":45327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45329,45330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45331,45332,45334,45336,45339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45333,42741],{"class":159},[61,45335,147],{"class":75},[61,45337,45338],{"class":143},"prompt",[61,45340,153],{"class":75},[20,45342,11739],{},[29,45344,45345,45349,45352],{},[32,45346,2266,45347,20318],{},[15,45348,45338],{},[32,45350,45351],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[32,45353,45354],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45356,45357],{},"Example with a prompt:",[52,45359,45361],{"className":54,"code":45360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45362,45363,45382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45364,45365,45367,45369,45371,45373,45375,45378,45380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45366,8244],{"class":67},[61,45368,72],{"class":71},[61,45370,8526],{"class":159},[61,45372,147],{"class":75},[61,45374,504],{"class":503},[61,45376,45377],{"class":507},"Enter your username: ",[61,45379,504],{"class":503},[61,45381,153],{"class":75},[61,45383,45384,45386,45388,45390],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45385,160],{"class":159},[61,45387,147],{"class":75},[61,45389,8268],{"class":143},[61,45391,153],{"class":75},[20,45393,45394],{},"Example without a prompt:",[52,45396,45398],{"className":54,"code":45397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45399,45400,45410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45403,2730],{"class":67},[61,45405,72],{"class":71},[61,45407,8526],{"class":159},[61,45409,8926],{"class":75},[61,45411,45412,45414,45416,45418],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45413,160],{"class":159},[61,45415,147],{"class":75},[61,45417,2755],{"class":143},[61,45419,153],{"class":75},[20,45421,8044,45422,45424],{},[15,45423,3239],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45196,45426],{},[47,45428,184,45430,11985],{"id":45429},"what-input-returns",[15,45431,3239],{},[20,45433,45434,8509],{},[15,45435,3239],{},[20,45437,45438],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45440,368],{},[52,45442,45444],{"className":54,"code":45443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45445,45446,45465,45475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45461,45463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45449,21907],{"class":67},[61,45451,72],{"class":71},[61,45453,8526],{"class":159},[61,45455,147],{"class":75},[61,45457,504],{"class":503},[61,45459,45460],{"class":507},"Enter your age: ",[61,45462,504],{"class":503},[61,45464,153],{"class":75},[61,45466,45467,45469,45471,45473],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45468,160],{"class":159},[61,45470,147],{"class":75},[61,45472,9581],{"class":143},[61,45474,153],{"class":75},[61,45476,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45478,160],{"class":159},[61,45480,147],{"class":75},[61,45482,2072],{"class":2071},[61,45484,147],{"class":75},[61,45486,9581],{"class":143},[61,45488,1761],{"class":75},[20,45490,617],{},[52,45492,45494],{"className":54,"code":45493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45495,45496,45506,45510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45497,45498,45501,45503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45499,45500],{"class":67},"Enter your age",[61,45502,192],{"class":75},[61,45504,45505],{"class":79}," 25\n",[61,45507,45508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45509,2989],{"class":79},[61,45511,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520,45522],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45513,3571],{"class":71},[61,45515,3574],{"class":2350},[61,45517,639],{"class":503},[61,45519,3724],{"class":507},[61,45521,630],{"class":503},[61,45523,3583],{"class":71},[20,45525,45526,45527,45529],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45528,9477],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45531,45532,45533,3159,45537,140],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[214,45534,45535],{"href":3155},[15,45536,3158],{},[214,45538,45539],{"href":3162},[15,45540,3165],{},[20,45542,368],{},[52,45544,45546],{"className":54,"code":45545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45547,45548,45571,45581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45549,45550,45552,45554,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567,45569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45551,21907],{"class":67},[61,45553,72],{"class":71},[61,45555,45556],{"class":2071}," int",[61,45558,147],{"class":75},[61,45560,42741],{"class":159},[61,45562,147],{"class":75},[61,45564,504],{"class":503},[61,45566,45460],{"class":507},[61,45568,504],{"class":503},[61,45570,1761],{"class":75},[61,45572,45573,45575,45577,45579],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45574,160],{"class":159},[61,45576,147],{"class":75},[61,45578,9581],{"class":143},[61,45580,153],{"class":75},[61,45582,45583,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45584,160],{"class":159},[61,45586,147],{"class":75},[61,45588,2072],{"class":2071},[61,45590,147],{"class":75},[61,45592,9581],{"class":143},[61,45594,1761],{"class":75},[20,45596,617],{},[52,45598,45600],{"className":54,"code":45599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45601,45602,45610,45614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45603,45604,45606,45608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45605,45500],{"class":67},[61,45607,192],{"class":75},[61,45609,45505],{"class":79},[61,45611,45612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45613,2989],{"class":79},[61,45615,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45617,3571],{"class":71},[61,45619,3574],{"class":2350},[61,45621,639],{"class":503},[61,45623,2473],{"class":507},[61,45625,630],{"class":503},[61,45627,3583],{"class":71},[45196,45629],{},[47,45631,45633],{"id":45632},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[887,45635,45637],{"id":45636},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[52,45639,45641],{"className":54,"code":45640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45642,45643,45662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45644,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45658,45660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45646,8159],{"class":67},[61,45648,72],{"class":71},[61,45650,8526],{"class":159},[61,45652,147],{"class":75},[61,45654,504],{"class":503},[61,45656,45657],{"class":507},"What is your name? ",[61,45659,504],{"class":503},[61,45661,153],{"class":75},[61,45663,45664,45666,45668,45670,45673,45675,45677,45679],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45665,160],{"class":159},[61,45667,147],{"class":75},[61,45669,504],{"class":503},[61,45671,45672],{"class":507},"Hello,",[61,45674,504],{"class":503},[61,45676,83],{"class":75},[61,45678,36268],{"class":143},[61,45680,153],{"class":75},[20,45682,45683,45684,45686],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45685,7949],{}," and prints it.",[887,45688,45690,45691],{"id":45689},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45692,3158],{},[52,45694,45696],{"className":54,"code":45695,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45697,45698,45721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45699,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714,45717,45719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45701,21907],{"class":67},[61,45703,72],{"class":71},[61,45705,45556],{"class":2071},[61,45707,147],{"class":75},[61,45709,42741],{"class":159},[61,45711,147],{"class":75},[61,45713,504],{"class":503},[61,45715,45716],{"class":507},"How old are you? ",[61,45718,504],{"class":503},[61,45720,1761],{"class":75},[61,45722,45723,45725,45727,45729,45732,45734,45736,45739,45741,45743],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45724,160],{"class":159},[61,45726,147],{"class":75},[61,45728,504],{"class":503},[61,45730,45731],{"class":507},"Next year you will be",[61,45733,504],{"class":503},[61,45735,83],{"class":75},[61,45737,45738],{"class":143}," age ",[61,45740,2345],{"class":71},[61,45742,1720],{"class":79},[61,45744,153],{"class":75},[20,45746,6341,45747,45749,45750,45752],{},[15,45748,3158],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45751,3239],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45754,45755,45756,140],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[214,45757,9264],{"href":9263},[887,45759,45761],{"id":45760},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[52,45763,45765],{"className":54,"code":45764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45766,45767,45791,45815,45829,45833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45768,45769,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45787,45789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45770,45771],{"class":67},"num1 ",[61,45773,72],{"class":71},[61,45775,45556],{"class":2071},[61,45777,147],{"class":75},[61,45779,42741],{"class":159},[61,45781,147],{"class":75},[61,45783,504],{"class":503},[61,45785,45786],{"class":507},"Enter the first number: ",[61,45788,504],{"class":503},[61,45790,1761],{"class":75},[61,45792,45793,45796,45798,45800,45802,45804,45806,45808,45811,45813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45794,45795],{"class":67},"num2 ",[61,45797,72],{"class":71},[61,45799,45556],{"class":2071},[61,45801,147],{"class":75},[61,45803,42741],{"class":159},[61,45805,147],{"class":75},[61,45807,504],{"class":503},[61,45809,45810],{"class":507},"Enter the second number: ",[61,45812,504],{"class":503},[61,45814,1761],{"class":75},[61,45816,45817,45819,45821,45824,45826],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45818,41461],{"class":67},[61,45820,72],{"class":71},[61,45822,45823],{"class":67}," num1 ",[61,45825,2345],{"class":71},[61,45827,45828],{"class":67}," num2\n",[61,45830,45831],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,45832,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,45834,45835,45837,45839,45841,45844,45846,45848,45851],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,45836,160],{"class":159},[61,45838,147],{"class":75},[61,45840,504],{"class":503},[61,45842,45843],{"class":507},"Total:",[61,45845,504],{"class":503},[61,45847,83],{"class":75},[61,45849,45850],{"class":143}," total",[61,45852,153],{"class":75},[20,45854,617],{},[52,45856,45858],{"className":54,"code":45857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45859,45860,45870,45879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45861,45862,45865,45867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45863,45864],{"class":67},"Enter the first number",[61,45866,192],{"class":75},[61,45868,45869],{"class":79}," 2\n",[61,45871,45872,45875,45877],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45873,45874],{"class":67},"Enter the second number",[61,45876,192],{"class":75},[61,45878,2858],{"class":79},[61,45880,45881,45884,45886],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45882,45883],{"class":67},"Total",[61,45885,192],{"class":75},[61,45887,35117],{"class":79},[20,45889,45890],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45892,368],{},[52,45894,45896],{"className":54,"code":45895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45897,45898,45916,45934,45938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45899,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45901,45771],{"class":67},[61,45903,72],{"class":71},[61,45905,8526],{"class":159},[61,45907,147],{"class":75},[61,45909,504],{"class":503},[61,45911,45786],{"class":507},[61,45913,504],{"class":503},[61,45915,153],{"class":75},[61,45917,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928,45930,45932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45919,45795],{"class":67},[61,45921,72],{"class":71},[61,45923,8526],{"class":159},[61,45925,147],{"class":75},[61,45927,504],{"class":503},[61,45929,45810],{"class":507},[61,45931,504],{"class":503},[61,45933,153],{"class":75},[61,45935,45936],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45937,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,45939,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45951],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,45941,160],{"class":159},[61,45943,147],{"class":75},[61,45945,45771],{"class":143},[61,45947,2345],{"class":71},[61,45949,45950],{"class":143}," num2",[61,45952,153],{"class":75},[20,45954,617],{},[52,45956,45958],{"className":54,"code":45957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45959,45960,45968,45976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45961,45962,45964,45966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45963,45864],{"class":67},[61,45965,192],{"class":75},[61,45967,45869],{"class":79},[61,45969,45970,45972,45974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45971,45874],{"class":67},[61,45973,192],{"class":75},[61,45975,2858],{"class":79},[61,45977,45978],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,45979,45980],{"class":79},"23\n",[20,45982,45983,45984,45987,45988,140],{},"That happens because ",[15,45985,45986],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45989,45990],{},"\"23\"",[45196,45992],{},[47,45994,45996],{"id":45995},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45998,45999,46000,140],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46001,3239],{},[887,46003,4983,46005,41821],{"id":46004},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46006,3239],{},[20,46008,39476],{},[52,46010,46012],{"className":54,"code":46011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46013,46014,46032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46015,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026,46028,46030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46017,2730],{"class":67},[61,46019,72],{"class":71},[61,46021,8526],{"class":159},[61,46023,147],{"class":75},[61,46025,504],{"class":503},[61,46027,42150],{"class":507},[61,46029,504],{"class":503},[61,46031,153],{"class":75},[61,46033,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46035,160],{"class":159},[61,46037,147],{"class":75},[61,46039,2072],{"class":2071},[61,46041,147],{"class":75},[61,46043,2755],{"class":143},[61,46045,1761],{"class":75},[20,46047,1598],{},[52,46049,46051],{"className":54,"code":46050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46052,46053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46056,3571],{"class":71},[61,46058,3574],{"class":2350},[61,46060,639],{"class":503},[61,46062,3724],{"class":507},[61,46064,630],{"class":503},[61,46066,3583],{"class":71},[20,46068,46069],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[887,46071,46073],{"id":46072},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46075,46076],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[52,46078,46080],{"className":54,"code":46079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46081,46082,46100,46119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46085,37],{"class":67},[61,46087,72],{"class":71},[61,46089,8526],{"class":159},[61,46091,147],{"class":75},[61,46093,504],{"class":503},[61,46095,42150],{"class":507},[61,46097,504],{"class":503},[61,46099,153],{"class":75},[61,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110,46112,46115,46117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46103,294],{"class":67},[61,46105,72],{"class":71},[61,46107,8526],{"class":159},[61,46109,147],{"class":75},[61,46111,504],{"class":503},[61,46113,46114],{"class":507},"Enter another number: ",[61,46116,504],{"class":503},[61,46118,153],{"class":75},[61,46120,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46122,160],{"class":159},[61,46124,147],{"class":75},[61,46126,37],{"class":143},[61,46128,2345],{"class":71},[61,46130,2840],{"class":143},[61,46132,153],{"class":75},[20,46134,41399,46135,700,46137,46139,46140,19242,46143,140],{},[15,46136,788],{},[15,46138,1013],{},", the result is ",[15,46141,46142],{},"45",[15,46144,2429],{},[887,46146,46148,46149,46151,46152],{"id":46147},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46150,40982],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46153,3158],{},[20,46155,368],{},[52,46157,46159],{"className":54,"code":46158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46160,46161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46162,46163,46165,46167,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46164,21907],{"class":67},[61,46166,72],{"class":71},[61,46168,45556],{"class":2071},[61,46170,147],{"class":75},[61,46172,42741],{"class":159},[61,46174,147],{"class":75},[61,46176,504],{"class":503},[61,46178,45460],{"class":507},[61,46180,504],{"class":503},[61,46182,1761],{"class":75},[20,46184,8555,46185,46188,46189,140],{},[15,46186,46187],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46190,40982],{},[20,46192,46193,46194,140],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[214,46195,46197],{"href":46196},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[887,46199,46201],{"id":46200},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46203,46204],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[52,46206,46208],{"className":54,"code":46207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46209,46210,46228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46213,8159],{"class":67},[61,46215,72],{"class":71},[61,46217,8526],{"class":159},[61,46219,147],{"class":75},[61,46221,504],{"class":503},[61,46223,45166],{"class":507},[61,46225,504],{"class":503},[61,46227,153],{"class":75},[61,46229,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238,46240],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46231,160],{"class":159},[61,46233,147],{"class":75},[61,46235,42058],{"class":159},[61,46237,147],{"class":75},[61,46239,7949],{"class":143},[61,46241,1761],{"class":75},[20,46243,46244],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46246,46247,46248,192],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46249,46250],{},".strip()",[52,46252,46254],{"className":54,"code":46253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46255,46256,46278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46257,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46259,8159],{"class":67},[61,46261,72],{"class":71},[61,46263,8526],{"class":159},[61,46265,147],{"class":75},[61,46267,504],{"class":503},[61,46269,45166],{"class":507},[61,46271,504],{"class":503},[61,46273,8914],{"class":75},[61,46275,8917],{"class":143},[61,46277,8926],{"class":75},[61,46279,46280,46282,46284,46286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46281,160],{"class":159},[61,46283,147],{"class":75},[61,46285,7949],{"class":143},[61,46287,153],{"class":75},[45196,46289],{},[47,46291,46293],{"id":46292},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46295,46296,46297,46299],{},"These habits make ",[15,46298,3239],{}," easier and safer to use.",[29,46301,46302,46305,46310,46313],{},[32,46303,46304],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[32,46306,1503,46307,46309],{},[15,46308,46250],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[32,46311,46312],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[32,46314,1503,46315,46317],{},[15,46316,30058],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46319,46320,46321,192],{},"Example with ",[15,46322,46250],{},[52,46324,46326],{"className":54,"code":46325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46327,46328,46352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46329,46330,46333,46335,46337,46339,46341,46344,46346,46348,46350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46331,46332],{"class":67},"city ",[61,46334,72],{"class":71},[61,46336,8526],{"class":159},[61,46338,147],{"class":75},[61,46340,504],{"class":503},[61,46342,46343],{"class":507},"Enter your city: ",[61,46345,504],{"class":503},[61,46347,8914],{"class":75},[61,46349,8917],{"class":143},[61,46351,8926],{"class":75},[61,46353,46354,46356,46358,46360,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46355,160],{"class":159},[61,46357,147],{"class":75},[61,46359,504],{"class":503},[61,46361,46362],{"class":507},"City:",[61,46364,504],{"class":503},[61,46366,83],{"class":75},[61,46368,31660],{"class":143},[61,46370,153],{"class":75},[20,46372,46320,46373,192],{},[15,46374,30058],{},[52,46376,46378],{"className":54,"code":46377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46379,46380,46386,46409,46441,46449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46381,46382,46384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46383,30080],{"class":4158},[61,46385,6673],{"class":75},[61,46387,46388,46391,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46389,46390],{"class":67},"    age ",[61,46392,72],{"class":71},[61,46394,45556],{"class":2071},[61,46396,147],{"class":75},[61,46398,42741],{"class":159},[61,46400,147],{"class":75},[61,46402,504],{"class":503},[61,46404,45460],{"class":507},[61,46406,504],{"class":503},[61,46408,1761],{"class":75},[61,46410,46411,46413,46415,46417,46420,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430,46432,46434,46437,46439],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46412,8352],{"class":159},[61,46414,147],{"class":75},[61,46416,504],{"class":503},[61,46418,46419],{"class":507},"You will be",[61,46421,504],{"class":503},[61,46423,83],{"class":75},[61,46425,45738],{"class":143},[61,46427,2345],{"class":71},[61,46429,1720],{"class":79},[61,46431,83],{"class":75},[61,46433,515],{"class":503},[61,46435,46436],{"class":507},"next year",[61,46438,504],{"class":503},[61,46440,153],{"class":75},[61,46442,46443,46445,46447],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,46444,30111],{"class":4158},[61,46446,42205],{"class":2071},[61,46448,6673],{"class":75},[61,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46460,46462],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,46452,8352],{"class":159},[61,46454,147],{"class":75},[61,46456,504],{"class":503},[61,46458,46459],{"class":507},"Please enter a whole number.",[61,46461,504],{"class":503},[61,46463,153],{"class":75},[20,46465,46466],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46468,46469,46470,140],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[214,46471,46473],{"href":46472},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45196,46475],{},[47,46477,3111],{"id":3110},[20,46479,46480,46481,192],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46482,3239],{},[29,46484,46485,46492,46495,46498],{},[32,46486,46487,46488,3159,46490],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46489,3158],{},[15,46491,3165],{},[32,46493,46494],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[32,46496,46497],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[32,46499,46500],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46502,32358],{},[52,46504,46506],{"className":54,"code":46505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46507,46508,46518,46532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46509,46510,46512,46514,46516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46511,160],{"class":159},[61,46513,147],{"class":75},[61,46515,2755],{"class":143},[61,46517,153],{"class":75},[61,46519,46520,46522,46524,46526,46528,46530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46521,160],{"class":159},[61,46523,147],{"class":75},[61,46525,2072],{"class":2071},[61,46527,147],{"class":75},[61,46529,2755],{"class":143},[61,46531,1761],{"class":75},[61,46533,46534,46536,46538,46540,46542,46544],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46535,160],{"class":159},[61,46537,147],{"class":75},[61,46539,42058],{"class":159},[61,46541,147],{"class":75},[61,46543,2755],{"class":143},[61,46545,1761],{"class":75},[20,46547,46548,46549,46551],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46550,3239],{}," actually returned:",[29,46553,46554,46559,46564],{},[32,46555,46556,46558],{},[15,46557,42106],{}," shows the value",[32,46560,46561,46563],{},[15,46562,42112],{}," shows the data type",[32,46565,46566,46568],{},[15,46567,42117],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46570,368],{},[52,46572,46574],{"className":54,"code":46573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46575,46576,46595,46605,46619],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46577,46578,46580,46582,46584,46586,46588,46591,46593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46579,2730],{"class":67},[61,46581,72],{"class":71},[61,46583,8526],{"class":159},[61,46585,147],{"class":75},[61,46587,504],{"class":503},[61,46589,46590],{"class":507},"Enter something: ",[61,46592,504],{"class":503},[61,46594,153],{"class":75},[61,46596,46597,46599,46601,46603],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46598,160],{"class":159},[61,46600,147],{"class":75},[61,46602,2755],{"class":143},[61,46604,153],{"class":75},[61,46606,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46608,160],{"class":159},[61,46610,147],{"class":75},[61,46612,2072],{"class":2071},[61,46614,147],{"class":75},[61,46616,2755],{"class":143},[61,46618,1761],{"class":75},[61,46620,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,46622,160],{"class":159},[61,46624,147],{"class":75},[61,46626,42058],{"class":159},[61,46628,147],{"class":75},[61,46630,2755],{"class":143},[61,46632,1761],{"class":75},[45196,46634],{},[47,46636,2109],{"id":2108},[887,46638,2113,46640,46642],{"id":46639},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46641,3239],{}," return an integer?",[20,46644,46645,46646,46648,46649,40207],{},"No. ",[15,46647,3239],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46650,3158],{},[887,46652,46654,46655,2159],{"id":46653},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46656,3239],{},[20,46658,46659,46660,46662],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46661,3239],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[887,46664,5438,46666,46669,46670,2159],{"id":46665},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46667,46668],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46671,3239],{},[20,46673,29337,46674,46676,46677,42433,46679,46681],{},[15,46675,3239],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46678,45986],{},[15,46680,45990],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[887,46683,46685],{"id":46684},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46687,1503,46688,46690,46691,140],{},[15,46689,46250],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46692,46693],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45196,46695],{},[47,46697,2172],{"id":2171},[29,46699,46700,46705,46709,46715,46721,46725],{},[32,46701,46702],{},[214,46703,46704],{"href":46472},"How to get user input in Python",[32,46706,46707],{},[214,46708,9341],{"href":9263},[32,46710,46711],{},[214,46712,13,46713,3790],{"href":3155},[15,46714,3158],{},[32,46716,46717],{},[214,46718,13,46719,3790],{"href":3162},[15,46720,3165],{},[32,46722,46723],{},[214,46724,46197],{"href":46196},[32,46726,46727],{},[214,46728,13,46730,3790],{"href":46729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46731,46732],{},"print()",[2204,46734,46735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":46737},[46738,46739,46741,46742,46744,46750,46758,46759,46760,46769],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":45200,"depth":97,"text":46740},"What input() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":45429,"depth":97,"text":46743},"What input() returns",{"id":45632,"depth":97,"text":45633,"children":46745},[46746,46747,46749],{"id":45636,"depth":122,"text":45637},{"id":45689,"depth":122,"text":46748},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45760,"depth":122,"text":45761},{"id":45995,"depth":97,"text":45996,"children":46751},[46752,46754,46755,46757],{"id":46004,"depth":122,"text":46753},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46072,"depth":122,"text":46073},{"id":46147,"depth":122,"text":46756},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46200,"depth":122,"text":46201},{"id":46292,"depth":97,"text":46293},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":46761},[46762,46764,46766,46768],{"id":46639,"depth":122,"text":46763},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46653,"depth":122,"text":46765},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46665,"depth":122,"text":46767},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46684,"depth":122,"text":46685},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42472,"description":46770},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46777,"title":42375,"body":46778,"description":49091,"extension":2249,"meta":49092,"navigation":125,"path":49093,"seo":49094,"stem":49095,"__hash__":49096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46779,"toc":49043},[46780,46785,46790,46795,46816,46819,46821,46881,46883,46902,46907,46912,46917,46919,46932,46934,47017,47019,47060,47066,47068,47098,47104,47107,47124,47126,47178,47180,47198,47204,47210,47213,47231,47233,47306,47308,47327,47334,47340,47345,47348,47408,47410,47429,47432,47435,47450,47456,47460,47521,47523,47544,47548,47677,47679,47809,47819,47825,47831,47839,47905,47907,47932,47935,47952,47965,47971,47974,48007,48009,48022,48025,48068,48070,48078,48085,48089,48096,48100,48127,48129,48137,48143,48160,48165,48169,48196,48198,48206,48210,48215,48218,48244,48247,48256,48264,48268,48278,48282,48285,48287,48338,48340,48370,48380,48407,48409,48417,48427,48431,48434,48436,48484,48486,48530,48536,48587,48589,48608,48613,48618,48621,48640,48643,48695,48697,48706,48708,48712,48716,48719,48728,48735,48737,48764,48768,48770,48779,48782,48789,48795,48855,48859,48861,48869,48872,48898,48904,48907,48927,48929,48938,48946,48948,48954,48959,48966,48976,48982,48990,48994,48997,48999,49040],[10,46781,13,46783,3860],{"id":46782},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46784,3158],{},[20,46786,32592,46787,46789],{},[15,46788,3158],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46791,35681,46792,46794],{},[15,46793,3158],{}," when they want to:",[29,46796,46797,46807,46810,46813],{},[32,46798,46799,46800,46803,46804],{},"turn text like ",[15,46801,46802],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46805,46806],{},"42",[32,46808,46809],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[32,46811,46812],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[32,46814,46815],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46817,46818],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[47,46820,50],{"id":49},[52,46822,46824],{"className":54,"code":46823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46825,46826,46844,46858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46827,46828,46830,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46829,160],{"class":159},[61,46831,147],{"class":75},[61,46833,2473],{"class":2071},[61,46835,147],{"class":75},[61,46837,504],{"class":503},[61,46839,46806],{"class":507},[61,46841,504],{"class":503},[61,46843,1761],{"class":75},[61,46845,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46847,160],{"class":159},[61,46849,147],{"class":75},[61,46851,2473],{"class":2071},[61,46853,147],{"class":75},[61,46855,42263],{"class":79},[61,46857,1761],{"class":75},[61,46859,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46873,46875,46877,46879],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46861,160],{"class":159},[61,46863,147],{"class":75},[61,46865,2473],{"class":2071},[61,46867,147],{"class":75},[61,46869,504],{"class":503},[61,46871,46872],{"class":507},"101",[61,46874,504],{"class":503},[61,46876,83],{"class":75},[61,46878,86],{"class":79},[61,46880,1761],{"class":75},[20,46882,1598],{},[52,46884,46886],{"className":54,"code":46885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46887,46888,46893,46898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46889,46890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46891,46892],{"class":79},"42\n",[61,46894,46895],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46896,46897],{"class":79},"3\n",[61,46899,46900],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46901,3228],{"class":79},[20,46903,1503,46904,46906],{},[15,46905,3158],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[47,46908,184,46910,187],{"id":46909},"what-int-does",[15,46911,3158],{},[20,46913,46914,46916],{},[15,46915,3158],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46918,254],{},[29,46920,46921,46926,46929],{},[32,46922,46923,46924,7620],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46925,2473],{},[32,46927,46928],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[32,46930,46931],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46933,368],{},[52,46935,46937],{"className":54,"code":46936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46938,46939,46951,46965,46969,46979,46989,47003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46942,34962],{"class":67},[61,46944,72],{"class":71},[61,46946,515],{"class":503},[61,46948,9477],{"class":507},[61,46950,3639],{"class":503},[61,46952,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46954,2501],{"class":67},[61,46956,72],{"class":71},[61,46958,45556],{"class":2071},[61,46960,147],{"class":75},[61,46962,34983],{"class":143},[61,46964,153],{"class":75},[61,46966,46967],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,46968,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,46970,46971,46973,46975,46977],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,46972,160],{"class":159},[61,46974,147],{"class":75},[61,46976,34983],{"class":143},[61,46978,153],{"class":75},[61,46980,46981,46983,46985,46987],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,46982,160],{"class":159},[61,46984,147],{"class":75},[61,46986,2523],{"class":143},[61,46988,153],{"class":75},[61,46990,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,46992,160],{"class":159},[61,46994,147],{"class":75},[61,46996,2072],{"class":2071},[61,46998,147],{"class":75},[61,47000,34983],{"class":143},[61,47002,1761],{"class":75},[61,47004,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,47006,160],{"class":159},[61,47008,147],{"class":75},[61,47010,2072],{"class":2071},[61,47012,147],{"class":75},[61,47014,2523],{"class":143},[61,47016,1761],{"class":75},[20,47018,1598],{},[52,47020,47022],{"className":54,"code":47021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47023,47024,47028,47032,47046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47025,47026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47027,2989],{"class":79},[61,47029,47030],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47031,2989],{"class":79},[61,47033,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47035,3571],{"class":71},[61,47037,3574],{"class":2350},[61,47039,639],{"class":503},[61,47041,3724],{"class":507},[61,47043,630],{"class":503},[61,47045,3583],{"class":71},[61,47047,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,47049,3571],{"class":71},[61,47051,3574],{"class":2350},[61,47053,639],{"class":503},[61,47055,2473],{"class":507},[61,47057,630],{"class":503},[61,47059,3583],{"class":71},[20,47061,47062,47063,47065],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47064,3158],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[47,47067,221],{"id":220},[52,47069,47071],{"className":54,"code":47070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47072,47073,47083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47074,47075,47077,47079,47081],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47076,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47078,147],{"class":75},[61,47080,2458],{"class":143},[61,47082,153],{"class":75},[61,47084,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47096],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47086,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47088,147],{"class":75},[61,47090,2458],{"class":143},[61,47092,83],{"class":75},[61,47094,47095],{"class":143}," base",[61,47097,153],{"class":75},[887,47099,47101],{"id":47100},"intx",[15,47102,47103],{},"int(x)",[20,47105,47106],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[29,47108,47109,47114,47119],{},[32,47110,47111,47112],{},"a string such as ",[15,47113,42405],{},[32,47115,47116,47117],{},"a float such as ",[15,47118,42263],{},[32,47120,47121,47122],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47123,3885],{},[20,47125,368],{},[52,47127,47129],{"className":54,"code":47128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47130,47131,47149,47164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47132,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47134,160],{"class":159},[61,47136,147],{"class":75},[61,47138,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47140,147],{"class":75},[61,47142,504],{"class":503},[61,47144,2613],{"class":507},[61,47146,504],{"class":503},[61,47148,1761],{"class":75},[61,47150,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47162],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47152,160],{"class":159},[61,47154,147],{"class":75},[61,47156,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47158,147],{"class":75},[61,47160,47161],{"class":79},"8.7",[61,47163,1761],{"class":75},[61,47165,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47167,160],{"class":159},[61,47169,147],{"class":75},[61,47171,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47173,147],{"class":75},[61,47175,3885],{"class":4133},[61,47177,1761],{"class":75},[20,47179,1598],{},[52,47181,47183],{"className":54,"code":47182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47184,47185,47189,47193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47186,47187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47188,2659],{"class":79},[61,47190,47191],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47192,2664],{"class":79},[61,47194,47195],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47196,47197],{"class":79},"1\n",[887,47199,47201],{"id":47200},"intx-base",[15,47202,47203],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47205,47206,47207,47209],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47208,2458],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47211,47212],{},"Common bases:",[29,47214,47215,47220,47225],{},[32,47216,47217,47219],{},[15,47218,301],{}," for binary",[32,47221,47222,47224],{},[15,47223,2628],{}," for octal",[32,47226,47227,47230],{},[15,47228,47229],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47232,368],{},[52,47234,47236],{"className":54,"code":47235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47237,47238,47260,47283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47239,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47241,160],{"class":159},[61,47243,147],{"class":75},[61,47245,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47247,147],{"class":75},[61,47249,504],{"class":503},[61,47251,46872],{"class":507},[61,47253,504],{"class":503},[61,47255,83],{"class":75},[61,47257,86],{"class":79},[61,47259,1761],{"class":75},[61,47261,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47275,47277,47279,47281],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47263,160],{"class":159},[61,47265,147],{"class":75},[61,47267,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47269,147],{"class":75},[61,47271,504],{"class":503},[61,47273,47274],{"class":507},"17",[61,47276,504],{"class":503},[61,47278,83],{"class":75},[61,47280,6639],{"class":79},[61,47282,1761],{"class":75},[61,47284,47285,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47298,47300,47302,47304],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47286,160],{"class":159},[61,47288,147],{"class":75},[61,47290,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47292,147],{"class":75},[61,47294,504],{"class":503},[61,47296,47297],{"class":507},"1A",[61,47299,504],{"class":503},[61,47301,83],{"class":75},[61,47303,14268],{"class":79},[61,47305,1761],{"class":75},[20,47307,1598],{},[52,47309,47311],{"className":54,"code":47310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47312,47313,47317,47322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47314,47315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47316,3228],{"class":79},[61,47318,47319],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47320,47321],{"class":79},"15\n",[61,47323,47324],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47325,47326],{"class":79},"26\n",[20,47328,47329,47330,140],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[214,47331,47332,2585],{"href":3162},[15,47333,3165],{},[47,47335,716,47337,47339],{"id":47336},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47338,3158],{}," with strings",[20,47341,47342,47344],{},[15,47343,3158],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47346,47347],{},"Examples that work:",[52,47349,47351],{"className":54,"code":47350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47352,47353,47371,47389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47354,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47356,160],{"class":159},[61,47358,147],{"class":75},[61,47360,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47362,147],{"class":75},[61,47364,504],{"class":503},[61,47366,1013],{"class":507},[61,47368,504],{"class":503},[61,47370,1761],{"class":75},[61,47372,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47374,160],{"class":159},[61,47376,147],{"class":75},[61,47378,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47380,147],{"class":75},[61,47382,504],{"class":503},[61,47384,2574],{"class":507},[61,47386,504],{"class":503},[61,47388,1761],{"class":75},[61,47390,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47404,47406],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47392,160],{"class":159},[61,47394,147],{"class":75},[61,47396,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47398,147],{"class":75},[61,47400,504],{"class":503},[61,47402,47403],{"class":507},"  42  ",[61,47405,504],{"class":503},[61,47407,1761],{"class":75},[20,47409,1598],{},[52,47411,47413],{"className":54,"code":47412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47414,47415,47419,47425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47416,47417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47418,3228],{"class":79},[61,47420,47421,47423],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47422,2308],{"class":71},[61,47424,2509],{"class":79},[61,47426,47427],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47428,46892],{"class":79},[20,47430,47431],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47433,47434],{},"Examples that fail:",[52,47436,47438],{"className":54,"code":47437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47439,47440,47445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47441,47442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47443,47444],{"class":173},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[61,47446,47447],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47448,47449],{"class":173},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47451,47452,47453,47455],{},"These raise ",[15,47454,40982],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[887,47457,47459],{"id":47458},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[52,47461,47463],{"className":54,"code":47462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47464,47465,47483,47502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47466,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47468,160],{"class":159},[61,47470,147],{"class":75},[61,47472,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47474,147],{"class":75},[61,47476,504],{"class":503},[61,47478,2405],{"class":507},[61,47480,504],{"class":503},[61,47482,1761],{"class":75},[61,47484,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47498,47500],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47486,160],{"class":159},[61,47488,147],{"class":75},[61,47490,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47492,147],{"class":75},[61,47494,504],{"class":503},[61,47496,47497],{"class":507},"+7",[61,47499,504],{"class":503},[61,47501,1761],{"class":75},[61,47503,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512,47514,47517,47519],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47505,160],{"class":159},[61,47507,147],{"class":75},[61,47509,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47511,147],{"class":75},[61,47513,504],{"class":503},[61,47515,47516],{"class":507},"-100",[61,47518,504],{"class":503},[61,47520,1761],{"class":75},[20,47522,1598],{},[52,47524,47526],{"className":54,"code":47525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47527,47528,47533,47537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47529,47530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47531,47532],{"class":79},"0\n",[61,47534,47535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47536,2365],{"class":79},[61,47538,47539,47541],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47540,2308],{"class":71},[61,47542,47543],{"class":79},"100\n",[887,47545,47547],{"id":47546},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[52,47549,47551],{"className":54,"code":47550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47552,47553,47591,47595,47607,47614,47629,47644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47554,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47587,47589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47556,4103],{"class":67},[61,47558,72],{"class":71},[61,47560,926],{"class":75},[61,47562,504],{"class":503},[61,47564,40421],{"class":507},[61,47566,504],{"class":503},[61,47568,83],{"class":75},[61,47570,515],{"class":503},[61,47572,47573],{"class":507},"12abc",[61,47575,504],{"class":503},[61,47577,83],{"class":75},[61,47579,6407],{"class":503},[61,47581,83],{"class":75},[61,47583,515],{"class":503},[61,47585,47586],{"class":507},"seven",[61,47588,504],{"class":503},[61,47590,943],{"class":75},[61,47592,47593],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47594,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,47596,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47598,6238],{"class":4158},[61,47600,21863],{"class":67},[61,47602,4165],{"class":4158},[61,47604,4168],{"class":67},[61,47606,6673],{"class":75},[61,47608,47609,47612],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,47610,47611],{"class":4158},"    try",[61,47613,6673],{"class":75},[61,47615,47616,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,47617,47618],{"class":159},"        print",[61,47620,147],{"class":75},[61,47622,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47624,147],{"class":75},[61,47626,2755],{"class":143},[61,47628,1761],{"class":75},[61,47630,47631,47634,47636,47639,47642],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,47632,47633],{"class":4158},"    except",[61,47635,42205],{"class":2071},[61,47637,47638],{"class":4158}," as",[61,47640,47641],{"class":67}," error",[61,47643,6673],{"class":75},[61,47645,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47661,47663,47666,47668,47671,47673,47675],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,47647,47618],{"class":159},[61,47649,147],{"class":75},[61,47651,22570],{"class":2350},[61,47653,504],{"class":507},[61,47655,627],{"class":79},[61,47657,2755],{"class":143},[61,47659,47660],{"class":2350},"!r",[61,47662,22579],{"class":79},[61,47664,47665],{"class":507}," -> ",[61,47667,627],{"class":79},[61,47669,47670],{"class":143},"error",[61,47672,22579],{"class":79},[61,47674,504],{"class":507},[61,47676,153],{"class":75},[20,47678,1598],{},[52,47680,47682],{"className":54,"code":47681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47683,47684,47720,47752,47777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47685,47686,47688,47690,47692,47695,47698,47700,47702,47704,47707,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47687,630],{"class":43607},[61,47689,40421],{"class":43611},[61,47691,630],{"class":43607},[61,47693,47694],{"class":37643}," ->",[61,47696,47697],{"class":67}," invalid literal ",[61,47699,6238],{"class":4158},[61,47701,45556],{"class":2071},[61,47703,7646],{"class":75},[61,47705,47706],{"class":4158}," with",[61,47708,47709],{"class":67}," base ",[61,47711,2613],{"class":79},[61,47713,192],{"class":75},[61,47715,639],{"class":503},[61,47717,40421],{"class":507},[61,47719,29976],{"class":503},[61,47721,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47723,630],{"class":503},[61,47725,47573],{"class":507},[61,47727,630],{"class":503},[61,47729,47694],{"class":37643},[61,47731,47697],{"class":67},[61,47733,6238],{"class":4158},[61,47735,45556],{"class":2071},[61,47737,7646],{"class":75},[61,47739,47706],{"class":4158},[61,47741,47709],{"class":67},[61,47743,2613],{"class":79},[61,47745,192],{"class":75},[61,47747,639],{"class":503},[61,47749,47573],{"class":507},[61,47751,29976],{"class":503},[61,47753,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47755,4053],{"class":503},[61,47757,47694],{"class":37643},[61,47759,47697],{"class":67},[61,47761,6238],{"class":4158},[61,47763,45556],{"class":2071},[61,47765,7646],{"class":75},[61,47767,47706],{"class":4158},[61,47769,47709],{"class":67},[61,47771,2613],{"class":79},[61,47773,192],{"class":75},[61,47775,47776],{"class":503}," ''\n",[61,47778,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805,47807],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,47780,630],{"class":503},[61,47782,47586],{"class":507},[61,47784,630],{"class":503},[61,47786,47694],{"class":37643},[61,47788,47697],{"class":67},[61,47790,6238],{"class":4158},[61,47792,45556],{"class":2071},[61,47794,7646],{"class":75},[61,47796,47706],{"class":4158},[61,47798,47709],{"class":67},[61,47800,2613],{"class":79},[61,47802,192],{"class":75},[61,47804,639],{"class":503},[61,47806,47586],{"class":507},[61,47808,29976],{"class":503},[20,47810,47811,47812,47814,47815,140],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[214,47813,9264],{"href":9263}," and the ",[214,47816,47817,2585],{"href":8503},[15,47818,3239],{},[47,47820,716,47822,47824],{"id":47821},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47823,3158],{}," with floats",[20,47826,47827,47828,47830],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47829,3158],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47832,47833,47834,14334,47836,47838],{},"Important: ",[15,47835,3158],{},[39,47837,4909],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[52,47840,47842],{"className":54,"code":47841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47843,47844,47858,47873,47889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47845,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47847,160],{"class":159},[61,47849,147],{"class":75},[61,47851,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47853,147],{"class":75},[61,47855,42263],{"class":79},[61,47857,1761],{"class":75},[61,47859,47860,47862,47864,47866,47868,47871],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47861,160],{"class":159},[61,47863,147],{"class":75},[61,47865,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47867,147],{"class":75},[61,47869,47870],{"class":79},"3.1",[61,47872,1761],{"class":75},[61,47874,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47876,160],{"class":159},[61,47878,147],{"class":75},[61,47880,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47882,147],{"class":75},[61,47884,2308],{"class":71},[61,47886,42263],{"class":79},[61,47888,1761],{"class":75},[61,47890,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,47892,160],{"class":159},[61,47894,147],{"class":75},[61,47896,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47898,147],{"class":75},[61,47900,2308],{"class":71},[61,47902,47870],{"class":79},[61,47904,1761],{"class":75},[20,47906,1598],{},[52,47908,47910],{"className":54,"code":47909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47911,47912,47916,47920,47926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47913,47914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47915,46897],{"class":79},[61,47917,47918],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47919,46897],{"class":79},[61,47921,47922,47924],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,47923,2308],{"class":71},[61,47925,46897],{"class":79},[61,47927,47928,47930],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,47929,2308],{"class":71},[61,47931,46897],{"class":79},[20,47933,47934],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[29,47936,47937,47944],{},[32,47938,47939,42433,47942],{},[15,47940,47941],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47943,107],{},[32,47945,47946,42433,47949],{},[15,47947,47948],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47950,47951],{},"-3",[20,47953,47954,47955,47959,47960,140],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[214,47956,47957],{"href":3162},[15,47958,3165],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[214,47961,47962],{"href":42453},[15,47963,47964],{},"str()",[47,47966,716,47968,47970],{"id":47967},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47969,3158],{}," with booleans",[20,47972,47973],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[52,47975,47977],{"className":54,"code":47976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47978,47979,47993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47980,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47982,160],{"class":159},[61,47984,147],{"class":75},[61,47986,2473],{"class":2071},[61,47988,147],{"class":75},[61,47990,3885],{"class":4133},[61,47992,1761],{"class":75},[61,47994,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47996,160],{"class":159},[61,47998,147],{"class":75},[61,48000,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48002,147],{"class":75},[61,48004,3954],{"class":4133},[61,48006,1761],{"class":75},[20,48008,1598],{},[52,48010,48012],{"className":54,"code":48011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n0\n",[15,48013,48014,48018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48015,48016],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48017,47197],{"class":79},[61,48019,48020],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48021,47532],{"class":79},[20,48023,48024],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[52,48026,48028],{"className":54,"code":48027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48029,48030,48039,48054,48058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48031,48032,48035,48037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48033,48034],{"class":67},"passed ",[61,48036,72],{"class":71},[61,48038,6702],{"class":4133},[61,48040,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48042,41461],{"class":67},[61,48044,72],{"class":71},[61,48046,45556],{"class":2071},[61,48048,147],{"class":75},[61,48050,48051],{"class":143},"passed",[61,48053,153],{"class":75},[61,48055,48056],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48057,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,48059,48060,48062,48064,48066],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48061,160],{"class":159},[61,48063,147],{"class":75},[61,48065,41490],{"class":143},[61,48067,153],{"class":75},[20,48069,1598],{},[52,48071,48072],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48073,48074],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48075,48076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48077,47197],{"class":79},[20,48079,48080,48081,140],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[214,48082,48083,2585],{"href":6060},[15,48084,4093],{},[47,48086,48088],{"id":48087},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48090,48091,48092,48095],{},"Use the ",[15,48093,48094],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[887,48097,48099],{"id":48098},"binary-example","Binary example",[52,48101,48103],{"className":54,"code":48102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48104,48105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48106,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48108,160],{"class":159},[61,48110,147],{"class":75},[61,48112,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48114,147],{"class":75},[61,48116,504],{"class":503},[61,48118,46872],{"class":507},[61,48120,504],{"class":503},[61,48122,83],{"class":75},[61,48124,86],{"class":79},[61,48126,1761],{"class":75},[20,48128,1598],{},[52,48130,48131],{"className":54,"code":3228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48132,48133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48134,48135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48136,3228],{"class":79},[20,48138,48139,48142],{},[15,48140,48141],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[29,48144,48145,48150,48155],{},[32,48146,48147],{},[15,48148,48149],{},"1 × 4",[32,48151,48152],{},[15,48153,48154],{},"0 × 2",[32,48156,48157],{},[15,48158,48159],{},"1 × 1",[20,48161,48162,48163,140],{},"So the result is ",[15,48164,1013],{},[887,48166,48168],{"id":48167},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[52,48170,48172],{"className":54,"code":48171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48173,48174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48175,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48177,160],{"class":159},[61,48179,147],{"class":75},[61,48181,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48183,147],{"class":75},[61,48185,504],{"class":503},[61,48187,47297],{"class":507},[61,48189,504],{"class":503},[61,48191,83],{"class":75},[61,48193,14268],{"class":79},[61,48195,1761],{"class":75},[20,48197,1598],{},[52,48199,48200],{"className":54,"code":47326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48201,48202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48203,48204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48205,47326],{"class":79},[887,48207,48209],{"id":48208},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48211,2266,48212,48214],{},[15,48213,48094],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48216,48217],{},"Good:",[52,48219,48220],{"className":54,"code":48102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48221,48222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48223,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48225,160],{"class":159},[61,48227,147],{"class":75},[61,48229,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48231,147],{"class":75},[61,48233,504],{"class":503},[61,48235,46872],{"class":507},[61,48237,504],{"class":503},[61,48239,83],{"class":75},[61,48241,86],{"class":79},[61,48243,1761],{"class":75},[20,48245,48246],{},"Not correct:",[52,48248,48250],{"className":54,"code":48249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48251,48252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48253,48254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48255,48249],{"class":173},[20,48257,48258,48259,8884,48261,48263],{},"That causes a ",[15,48260,3285],{},[15,48262,48094],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[47,48265,48267],{"id":48266},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48269,48270,48271,48273,48274,700,48276,140],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48272,3158],{}," are ",[15,48275,40982],{},[15,48277,3285],{},[887,48279,48280],{"id":41792},[15,48281,40982],{},[20,48283,48284],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48286,368],{},[52,48288,48290],{"className":54,"code":48289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48291,48292,48298,48316,48328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48293,48294,48296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48295,30080],{"class":4158},[61,48297,6673],{"class":75},[61,48299,48300,48302,48304,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48301,8352],{"class":159},[61,48303,147],{"class":75},[61,48305,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48307,147],{"class":75},[61,48309,504],{"class":503},[61,48311,40421],{"class":507},[61,48313,504],{"class":503},[61,48315,1761],{"class":75},[61,48317,48318,48320,48322,48324,48326],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48319,30111],{"class":4158},[61,48321,42205],{"class":2071},[61,48323,47638],{"class":4158},[61,48325,47641],{"class":67},[61,48327,6673],{"class":75},[61,48329,48330,48332,48334,48336],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48331,8352],{"class":159},[61,48333,147],{"class":75},[61,48335,47670],{"class":143},[61,48337,153],{"class":75},[20,48339,1598],{},[52,48341,48343],{"className":54,"code":48342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48344,48345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48346,48347,48350,48352,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48364,48366,48368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48348,48349],{"class":67},"invalid literal ",[61,48351,6238],{"class":4158},[61,48353,45556],{"class":2071},[61,48355,7646],{"class":75},[61,48357,47706],{"class":4158},[61,48359,47709],{"class":67},[61,48361,2613],{"class":79},[61,48363,192],{"class":75},[61,48365,639],{"class":503},[61,48367,40421],{"class":507},[61,48369,29976],{"class":503},[20,48371,48372,48373,48376,48377,48379],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48374,48375],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48378,3158],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[52,48381,48383],{"className":54,"code":48382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48384,48385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48386,48387,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48388,160],{"class":159},[61,48390,147],{"class":75},[61,48392,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48394,147],{"class":75},[61,48396,2476],{"class":2071},[61,48398,147],{"class":75},[61,48400,504],{"class":503},[61,48402,40421],{"class":507},[61,48404,504],{"class":503},[61,48406,3193],{"class":75},[20,48408,1598],{},[52,48410,48411],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48412,48413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48414,48415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48416,46897],{"class":79},[20,48418,48419,48420,700,48423,140],{},"If you see this often, read ",[214,48421,48422],{"href":3243},"how to convert string to int in Python",[214,48424,25955,48425],{"href":46196},[15,48426,46197],{},[887,48428,48429],{"id":41858},[15,48430,3285],{},[20,48432,48433],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48435,368],{},[52,48437,48439],{"className":54,"code":48438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48440,48441,48447,48461,48474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48442,48443,48445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48444,30080],{"class":4158},[61,48446,6673],{"class":75},[61,48448,48449,48451,48453,48455,48457,48459],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48450,8352],{"class":159},[61,48452,147],{"class":75},[61,48454,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48456,147],{"class":75},[61,48458,4058],{"class":4133},[61,48460,1761],{"class":75},[61,48462,48463,48465,48468,48470,48472],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48464,30111],{"class":4158},[61,48466,48467],{"class":2071}," TypeError",[61,48469,47638],{"class":4158},[61,48471,47641],{"class":67},[61,48473,6673],{"class":75},[61,48475,48476,48478,48480,48482],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48477,8352],{"class":159},[61,48479,147],{"class":75},[61,48481,47670],{"class":143},[61,48483,153],{"class":75},[20,48485,1598],{},[52,48487,48489],{"className":54,"code":48488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48490,48491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48492,48493,48495,48497,48500,48502,48504,48507,48509,48512,48514,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525,48528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48494,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48496,7646],{"class":75},[61,48498,48499],{"class":67}," argument must be a string",[61,48501,83],{"class":75},[61,48503,44824],{"class":67},[61,48505,48506],{"class":2071},"bytes",[61,48508,2308],{"class":71},[61,48510,48511],{"class":67},"like ",[61,48513,42677],{"class":2071},[61,48515,48516],{"class":71}," or",[61,48518,41118],{"class":67},[61,48520,83],{"class":75},[61,48522,8383],{"class":71},[61,48524,639],{"class":503},[61,48526,48527],{"class":507},"NoneType",[61,48529,29976],{"class":503},[20,48531,48532,48533,48535],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48534,48094],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[52,48537,48539],{"className":54,"code":48538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48540,48541,48547,48565,48577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48542,48543,48545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48544,30080],{"class":4158},[61,48546,6673],{"class":75},[61,48548,48549,48551,48553,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48550,8352],{"class":159},[61,48552,147],{"class":75},[61,48554,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48556,147],{"class":75},[61,48558,46872],{"class":79},[61,48560,83],{"class":75},[61,48562,86],{"class":79},[61,48564,1761],{"class":75},[61,48566,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48568,30111],{"class":4158},[61,48570,48467],{"class":2071},[61,48572,47638],{"class":4158},[61,48574,47641],{"class":67},[61,48576,6673],{"class":75},[61,48578,48579,48581,48583,48585],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48580,8352],{"class":159},[61,48582,147],{"class":75},[61,48584,47670],{"class":143},[61,48586,153],{"class":75},[20,48588,1598],{},[52,48590,48592],{"className":54,"code":48591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48593,48594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48595,48596,48598,48600,48603,48605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48597,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48599,7646],{"class":75},[61,48601,48602],{"class":67}," can",[61,48604,630],{"class":503},[61,48606,48607],{"class":507},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[47,48609,5240,48611],{"id":48610},"when-to-use-int",[15,48612,3158],{},[20,48614,1503,48615,48617],{},[15,48616,3158],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48619,48620],{},"Common uses:",[29,48622,48623,48629,48632,48635],{},[32,48624,48625,48626,48628],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48627,3239],{}," into integers",[32,48630,48631],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[32,48633,48634],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[32,48636,48637,48638,36892],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48639,48094],{},[20,48641,48642],{},"Example with user input:",[52,48644,48646],{"className":54,"code":48645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48647,48648,48662,48677,48681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48649,48650,48653,48655,48657,48660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48651,48652],{"class":67},"age_text ",[61,48654,72],{"class":71},[61,48656,515],{"class":503},[61,48658,48659],{"class":507},"18",[61,48661,3639],{"class":503},[61,48663,48664,48666,48668,48670,48672,48675],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48665,21907],{"class":67},[61,48667,72],{"class":71},[61,48669,45556],{"class":2071},[61,48671,147],{"class":75},[61,48673,48674],{"class":143},"age_text",[61,48676,153],{"class":75},[61,48678,48679],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48680,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,48682,48683,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48684,160],{"class":159},[61,48686,147],{"class":75},[61,48688,21907],{"class":143},[61,48690,2345],{"class":71},[61,48692,1720],{"class":79},[61,48694,153],{"class":75},[20,48696,1598],{},[52,48698,48700],{"className":54,"code":48699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19\n",[15,48701,48702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48703,48704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48705,48699],{"class":79},[47,48707,3111],{"id":3110},[20,48709,15014,48710,140],{},[15,48711,3158],{},[887,48713,48715],{"id":48714},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48717,48718],{},"This fails:",[52,48720,48722],{"className":54,"code":48721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48723,48724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48725,48726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48727,48721],{"class":173},[20,48729,48730,48731,48734],{},"Why: ",[15,48732,48733],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48736,19119],{},[52,48738,48740],{"className":54,"code":48739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48741,48742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48743,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752,48754,48756,48758,48760,48762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48745,160],{"class":159},[61,48747,147],{"class":75},[61,48749,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48751,147],{"class":75},[61,48753,2476],{"class":2071},[61,48755,147],{"class":75},[61,48757,504],{"class":503},[61,48759,41402],{"class":507},[61,48761,504],{"class":503},[61,48763,3193],{"class":75},[887,48765,48767],{"id":48766},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48769,48718],{},[52,48771,48773],{"className":54,"code":48772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48774,48775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48776,48777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48778,48772],{"class":173},[20,48780,48781],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[887,48783,48785,48786],{"id":48784},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48787,48788],{},"int(None)",[20,48790,48791,48792,48794],{},"This fails because ",[15,48793,4058],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[52,48796,48798],{"className":54,"code":48797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48799,48800,48809,48813,48819,48833,48845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48801,48802,48804,48806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48803,2730],{"class":67},[61,48805,72],{"class":71},[61,48807,48808],{"class":4133}," None\n",[61,48810,48811],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48812,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,48814,48815,48817],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,48816,30080],{"class":4158},[61,48818,6673],{"class":75},[61,48820,48821,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,48822,8352],{"class":159},[61,48824,147],{"class":75},[61,48826,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48828,147],{"class":75},[61,48830,2755],{"class":143},[61,48832,1761],{"class":75},[61,48834,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,48836,30111],{"class":4158},[61,48838,48467],{"class":2071},[61,48840,47638],{"class":4158},[61,48842,47641],{"class":67},[61,48844,6673],{"class":75},[61,48846,48847,48849,48851,48853],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,48848,8352],{"class":159},[61,48850,147],{"class":75},[61,48852,47670],{"class":143},[61,48854,153],{"class":75},[887,48856,48858],{"id":48857},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48860,48718],{},[52,48862,48863],{"className":54,"code":48249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48864,48865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48866,48867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48868,48249],{"class":173},[20,48870,48871],{},"Use a string instead:",[52,48873,48874],{"className":54,"code":48102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48875,48876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48877,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48879,160],{"class":159},[61,48881,147],{"class":75},[61,48883,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48885,147],{"class":75},[61,48887,504],{"class":503},[61,48889,46872],{"class":507},[61,48891,504],{"class":503},[61,48893,83],{"class":75},[61,48895,86],{"class":79},[61,48897,1761],{"class":75},[887,48899,1524,48901,48903],{"id":48900},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48902,3158],{}," to round",[20,48905,48906],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[52,48908,48910],{"className":54,"code":48909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48911,48912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48913,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922,48925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48915,160],{"class":159},[61,48917,147],{"class":75},[61,48919,2473],{"class":2071},[61,48921,147],{"class":75},[61,48923,48924],{"class":79},"4.9",[61,48926,1761],{"class":75},[20,48928,1598],{},[52,48930,48932],{"className":54,"code":48931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n",[15,48933,48934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48935,48936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48937,48931],{"class":79},[20,48939,3450,48940,48942,48943,48945],{},[15,48941,1013],{},", remember that ",[15,48944,3158],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[47,48947,2109],{"id":2108},[887,48949,2113,48951,48953],{"id":48950},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48952,3158],{}," round numbers?",[20,48955,46645,48956,48958],{},[15,48957,3158],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[887,48960,5438,48962,48965],{"id":48961},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48963,48964],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48967,29337,48968,48970,48971,48973,48974,40207],{},[15,48969,48375],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48972,3165],{}," first, then use ",[15,48975,3158],{},[887,48977,5422,48979,12996],{"id":48978},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48980,48981],{},"int(True)",[20,48983,5428,48984,28590,48986,42433,48988,140],{},[15,48985,80],{},[15,48987,3954],{},[15,48989,2405],{},[887,48991,48993],{"id":48992},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48995,48996],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[47,48998,2172],{"id":2171},[29,49000,49001,49007,49013,49019,49024,49028,49034],{},[32,49002,49003],{},[214,49004,49005,3790],{"href":3162},[15,49006,3165],{},[32,49008,49009],{},[214,49010,49011,3790],{"href":42453},[15,49012,47964],{},[32,49014,49015],{},[214,49016,49017,3790],{"href":6060},[15,49018,4093],{},[32,49020,49021],{},[214,49022,49023],{"href":3243},"How to convert string to int in Python",[32,49025,49026],{},[214,49027,9341],{"href":9263},[32,49029,49030],{},[214,49031,49032,3790],{"href":8503},[15,49033,3239],{},[32,49035,49036],{},[214,49037,30623,49038],{"href":46196},[15,49039,46197],{},[2204,49041,49042],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":49044},[49045,49046,49048,49052,49057,49059,49061,49066,49070,49072,49081,49090],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":46909,"depth":97,"text":49047},"What int() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":49049},[49050,49051],{"id":47100,"depth":122,"text":47103},{"id":47200,"depth":122,"text":47203},{"id":47336,"depth":97,"text":49053,"children":49054},"Using int() with strings",[49055,49056],{"id":47458,"depth":122,"text":47459},{"id":47546,"depth":122,"text":47547},{"id":47821,"depth":97,"text":49058},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47967,"depth":97,"text":49060},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48087,"depth":97,"text":48088,"children":49062},[49063,49064,49065],{"id":48098,"depth":122,"text":48099},{"id":48167,"depth":122,"text":48168},{"id":48208,"depth":122,"text":48209},{"id":48266,"depth":97,"text":48267,"children":49067},[49068,49069],{"id":41792,"depth":122,"text":40982},{"id":41858,"depth":122,"text":3285},{"id":48610,"depth":97,"text":49071},"When to use int()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":49073},[49074,49075,49076,49078,49079],{"id":48714,"depth":122,"text":48715},{"id":48766,"depth":122,"text":48767},{"id":48784,"depth":122,"text":49077},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48857,"depth":122,"text":48858},{"id":48900,"depth":122,"text":49080},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":49082},[49083,49085,49087,49089],{"id":48950,"depth":122,"text":49084},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48961,"depth":122,"text":49086},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48978,"depth":122,"text":49088},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48992,"depth":122,"text":48993},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42375,"description":49091},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49098,"title":49099,"body":49100,"description":50936,"extension":2249,"meta":50937,"navigation":125,"path":45082,"seo":50938,"stem":50939,"__hash__":50940},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49101,"toc":50892},[49102,49107,49112,49120,49129,49131,49190,49196,49201,49206,49209,49237,49240,49243,49254,49264,49266,49268,49288,49292,49320,49322,49361,49363,49371,49373,49376,49380,49433,49435,49447,49451,49508,49510,49522,49528,49534,49538,49541,49544,49610,49612,49624,49630,49632,49684,49687,49728,49731,49738,49747,49753,49756,49789,49795,49798,49829,49835,49838,49850,49854,49859,49863,50021,50023,50038,50041,50045,50149,50151,50168,50172,50233,50235,50243,50246,50250,50317,50319,50328,50334,50336,50345,50347,50382,50387,50389,50419,50423,50425,50462,50465,50467,50504,50510,50512,50562,50564,50572,50582,50588,50592,50597,50646,50648,50661,50664,50666,50669,50744,50747,50766,50769,50799,50809,50811,50816,50823,50829,50835,50842,50850,50856,50859,50861,50889],[10,49103,13,49105,3860],{"id":49104},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49106,45085],{},[20,49108,49109,49111],{},[15,49110,45085],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49113,49114,49115,3159,49117,49119],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49116,3885],{},[15,49118,3954],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49121,49122,49123,49125,49126,49128],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49124,45085],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49127,2584],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[47,49130,3890],{"id":3889},[52,49132,49134],{"className":54,"code":49133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49135,49136,49144,49148,49169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49137,49138,49140,49142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49139,2730],{"class":67},[61,49141,72],{"class":71},[61,49143,2867],{"class":79},[61,49145,49146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49147,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49149,49150,49152,49154,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49151,160],{"class":159},[61,49153,147],{"class":75},[61,49155,49156],{"class":159},"isinstance",[61,49158,147],{"class":75},[61,49160,2755],{"class":143},[61,49162,83],{"class":75},[61,49164,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49166,5641],{"class":75},[61,49168,44134],{"class":173},[61,49170,49171,49173,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183,49186,49188],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,49172,160],{"class":159},[61,49174,147],{"class":75},[61,49176,49156],{"class":159},[61,49178,147],{"class":75},[61,49180,2755],{"class":143},[61,49182,83],{"class":75},[61,49184,49185],{"class":2071}," str",[61,49187,5641],{"class":75},[61,49189,44151],{"class":173},[20,49191,1503,49192,49195],{},[15,49193,49194],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[47,49197,184,49199,187],{"id":49198},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49200,45085],{},[20,49202,49203,49205],{},[15,49204,45085],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49207,49208],{},"It:",[29,49210,49211,49214,49220,49223],{},[32,49212,49213],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[32,49215,11704,49216,3159,49218],{},[15,49217,3885],{},[15,49219,3954],{},[32,49221,49222],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[32,49224,49225,49226,1830,49228,1830,49230,1830,49232,1833,49235],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49227,3724],{},[15,49229,2473],{},[15,49231,8377],{},[15,49233,49234],{},"tuple",[15,49236,9104],{},[20,49238,49239],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49241,49242],{},"For example, you might want to:",[29,49244,49245,49248,49251],{},[32,49246,49247],{},"loop through a list",[32,49249,49250],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[32,49252,49253],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49255,49256,49257,3159,49260,140],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[214,49258,45077],{"href":49259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[214,49261,49263],{"href":49262},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[47,49265,221],{"id":220},[20,49267,2444],{},[52,49269,49271],{"className":54,"code":49270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49272,49273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49274,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49276,49156],{"class":159},[61,49278,147],{"class":75},[61,49280,42677],{"class":2071},[61,49282,83],{"class":75},[61,49284,49285],{"class":143}," classinfo",[61,49287,153],{"class":75},[887,49289,49291],{"id":49290},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[29,49293,49294,49299,49313],{},[32,49295,49296,49298],{},[15,49297,42677],{}," is the value you want to test",[32,49300,49301,49304,49305,1830,49307,1830,49309,2477,49311],{},[15,49302,49303],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49306,2473],{},[15,49308,3724],{},[15,49310,8377],{},[15,49312,9104],{},[32,49314,49315,49316,3159,49318],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49317,3885],{},[15,49319,3954],{},[20,49321,368],{},[52,49323,49325],{"className":54,"code":49324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49326,49327,49339,49343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49328,49329,49331,49333,49335,49337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49330,8159],{"class":67},[61,49332,72],{"class":71},[61,49334,515],{"class":503},[61,49336,11788],{"class":507},[61,49338,3639],{"class":503},[61,49340,49341],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49342,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49344,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49346,160],{"class":159},[61,49348,147],{"class":75},[61,49350,49156],{"class":159},[61,49352,147],{"class":75},[61,49354,7949],{"class":143},[61,49356,83],{"class":75},[61,49358,49185],{"class":2071},[61,49360,1761],{"class":75},[20,49362,1598],{},[52,49364,49365],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,49366,49367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49368,49369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49370,4262],{"class":4133},[47,49372,483],{"id":482},[20,49374,49375],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[887,49377,49379],{"id":49378},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[52,49381,49383],{"className":54,"code":49382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49384,49385,49393,49397,49415],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49386,49387,49389,49391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49388,2730],{"class":67},[61,49390,72],{"class":71},[61,49392,45505],{"class":79},[61,49394,49395],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49396,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49398,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49400,160],{"class":159},[61,49402,147],{"class":75},[61,49404,49156],{"class":159},[61,49406,147],{"class":75},[61,49408,2755],{"class":143},[61,49410,83],{"class":75},[61,49412,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49414,1761],{"class":75},[61,49416,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,49418,160],{"class":159},[61,49420,147],{"class":75},[61,49422,49156],{"class":159},[61,49424,147],{"class":75},[61,49426,2755],{"class":143},[61,49428,83],{"class":75},[61,49430,49185],{"class":2071},[61,49432,1761],{"class":75},[20,49434,1598],{},[52,49436,49437],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,49438,49439,49443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49440,49441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49442,4262],{"class":4133},[61,49444,49445],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49446,4323],{"class":4133},[887,49448,49450],{"id":49449},"check-text","Check text",[52,49452,49454],{"className":54,"code":49453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49455,49456,49468,49472,49490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49457,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49459,34962],{"class":67},[61,49461,72],{"class":71},[61,49463,515],{"class":503},[61,49465,4126],{"class":507},[61,49467,3639],{"class":503},[61,49469,49470],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49471,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49473,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49475,160],{"class":159},[61,49477,147],{"class":75},[61,49479,49156],{"class":159},[61,49481,147],{"class":75},[61,49483,34983],{"class":143},[61,49485,83],{"class":75},[61,49487,49185],{"class":2071},[61,49489,1761],{"class":75},[61,49491,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,49493,160],{"class":159},[61,49495,147],{"class":75},[61,49497,49156],{"class":159},[61,49499,147],{"class":75},[61,49501,34983],{"class":143},[61,49503,83],{"class":75},[61,49505,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49507,1761],{"class":75},[20,49509,1598],{},[52,49511,49512],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,49513,49514,49518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49515,49516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49517,4262],{"class":4133},[61,49519,49520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49521,4323],{"class":4133},[20,49523,49524,49525,49527],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49526,45085],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49529,49530,49531,140],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[214,49532,49533],{"href":3243},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[47,49535,49537],{"id":49536},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49539,49540],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49542,49543],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[52,49545,49547],{"className":54,"code":49546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49548,49549,49558,49562,49586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49550,49551,49553,49555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49552,2730],{"class":67},[61,49554,72],{"class":71},[61,49556,49557],{"class":79}," 3.5\n",[61,49559,49560],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49561,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49563,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49565,160],{"class":159},[61,49567,147],{"class":75},[61,49569,49156],{"class":159},[61,49571,147],{"class":75},[61,49573,2755],{"class":143},[61,49575,83],{"class":75},[61,49577,1058],{"class":75},[61,49579,2473],{"class":2071},[61,49581,83],{"class":75},[61,49583,40533],{"class":2071},[61,49585,3193],{"class":75},[61,49587,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,49589,160],{"class":159},[61,49591,147],{"class":75},[61,49593,49156],{"class":159},[61,49595,147],{"class":75},[61,49597,2755],{"class":143},[61,49599,83],{"class":75},[61,49601,1058],{"class":75},[61,49603,3724],{"class":2071},[61,49605,83],{"class":75},[61,49607,22835],{"class":2071},[61,49609,3193],{"class":75},[20,49611,1598],{},[52,49613,49614],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,49615,49616,49620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49617,49618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49619,4262],{"class":4133},[61,49621,49622],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49623,4323],{"class":4133},[20,49625,49626,49627,49629],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49628,41115],{}," conditions.",[20,49631,8582],{},[52,49633,49635],{"className":54,"code":49634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49636,49637,49645,49649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49638,49639,49641,49643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49640,2730],{"class":67},[61,49642,72],{"class":71},[61,49644,49557],{"class":79},[61,49646,49647],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49648,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49650,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49652,160],{"class":159},[61,49654,147],{"class":75},[61,49656,2072],{"class":2071},[61,49658,147],{"class":75},[61,49660,2755],{"class":143},[61,49662,442],{"class":75},[61,49664,6688],{"class":71},[61,49666,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49668,48516],{"class":4158},[61,49670,49671],{"class":2071}," type",[61,49673,147],{"class":75},[61,49675,2755],{"class":143},[61,49677,442],{"class":75},[61,49679,6688],{"class":71},[61,49681,40533],{"class":2071},[61,49683,153],{"class":75},[20,49685,49686],{},"you can write this:",[52,49688,49690],{"className":54,"code":49689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49691,49692,49700,49704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49693,49694,49696,49698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49695,2730],{"class":67},[61,49697,72],{"class":71},[61,49699,49557],{"class":79},[61,49701,49702],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49703,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49705,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49707,160],{"class":159},[61,49709,147],{"class":75},[61,49711,49156],{"class":159},[61,49713,147],{"class":75},[61,49715,2755],{"class":143},[61,49717,83],{"class":75},[61,49719,1058],{"class":75},[61,49721,2473],{"class":2071},[61,49723,83],{"class":75},[61,49725,40533],{"class":2071},[61,49727,3193],{"class":75},[20,49729,49730],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[47,49732,49734,1310,49736],{"id":49733},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49735,45085],{},[15,49737,2584],{},[20,49739,10870,49740,700,49742,49746],{},[15,49741,45085],{},[214,49743,49744],{"href":2581},[15,49745,2584],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[887,49748,49750],{"id":49749},"typevalue-int",[15,49751,49752],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49754,49755],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[52,49757,49759],{"className":54,"code":49758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49760,49761,49769],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49762,49763,49765,49767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49764,2730],{"class":67},[61,49766,72],{"class":71},[61,49768,2867],{"class":79},[61,49770,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49772,160],{"class":159},[61,49774,147],{"class":75},[61,49776,2072],{"class":2071},[61,49778,147],{"class":75},[61,49780,2755],{"class":143},[61,49782,442],{"class":75},[61,49784,6688],{"class":71},[61,49786,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49788,153],{"class":75},[887,49790,49792],{"id":49791},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49793,49794],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49796,49797],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[52,49799,49801],{"className":54,"code":49800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49802,49803,49811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49804,49805,49807,49809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49806,2730],{"class":67},[61,49808,72],{"class":71},[61,49810,2867],{"class":79},[61,49812,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49814,160],{"class":159},[61,49816,147],{"class":75},[61,49818,49156],{"class":159},[61,49820,147],{"class":75},[61,49822,2755],{"class":143},[61,49824,83],{"class":75},[61,49826,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49828,1761],{"class":75},[20,49830,49831,49832,49834],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49833,45085],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49836,49837],{},"In everyday code:",[29,49839,49840,49845],{},[32,49841,40268,49842,49844],{},[15,49843,2584],{}," when you need the exact type",[32,49846,40268,49847,49849],{},[15,49848,45085],{}," when you want a practical type check",[47,49851,49853],{"id":49852},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49855,49856,49857,140],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49858,45085],{},[887,49860,49862],{"id":49861},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[52,49864,49866],{"className":54,"code":49865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49867,49868,49886,49905,49917,49922,49940,49951,49955,49967,49971,49995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49869,49870,49872,49875,49877,49879,49881,49884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49871,35126],{"class":2350},[61,49873,49874],{"class":35129}," repeat_text",[61,49876,147],{"class":75},[61,49878,34983],{"class":37939},[61,49880,83],{"class":75},[61,49882,49883],{"class":37939}," count",[61,49885,8626],{"class":75},[61,49887,49888,49890,49892,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49889,6678],{"class":4158},[61,49891,8383],{"class":71},[61,49893,49894],{"class":159}," isinstance",[61,49896,147],{"class":75},[61,49898,34983],{"class":143},[61,49900,83],{"class":75},[61,49902,49185],{"class":2071},[61,49904,8626],{"class":75},[61,49906,49907,49910,49912,49915],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,49908,49909],{"class":4158},"        return",[61,49911,515],{"class":503},[61,49913,49914],{"class":507},"text must be a string",[61,49916,3639],{"class":503},[61,49918,49919],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,49920,49921],{"class":67},"    \n",[61,49923,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,49925,6678],{"class":4158},[61,49927,8383],{"class":71},[61,49929,49894],{"class":159},[61,49931,147],{"class":75},[61,49933,41538],{"class":143},[61,49935,83],{"class":75},[61,49937,45556],{"class":2071},[61,49939,8626],{"class":75},[61,49941,49942,49944,49946,49949],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,49943,49909],{"class":4158},[61,49945,515],{"class":503},[61,49947,49948],{"class":507},"count must be an integer",[61,49950,3639],{"class":503},[61,49952,49953],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,49954,49921],{"class":67},[61,49956,49957,49959,49962,49964],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,49958,35137],{"class":4158},[61,49960,49961],{"class":67}," text ",[61,49963,40150],{"class":71},[61,49965,49966],{"class":67}," count\n",[61,49968,49969],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,49970,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,49972,49973,49975,49977,49980,49982,49984,49987,49989,49991,49993],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,49974,160],{"class":159},[61,49976,147],{"class":75},[61,49978,49979],{"class":143},"repeat_text",[61,49981,147],{"class":75},[61,49983,504],{"class":503},[61,49985,49986],{"class":507},"Hi ",[61,49988,504],{"class":503},[61,49990,83],{"class":75},[61,49992,91],{"class":79},[61,49994,1761],{"class":75},[61,49996,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":63,"line":11874},[61,49998,160],{"class":159},[61,50000,147],{"class":75},[61,50002,49979],{"class":143},[61,50004,147],{"class":75},[61,50006,504],{"class":503},[61,50008,49986],{"class":507},[61,50010,504],{"class":503},[61,50012,83],{"class":75},[61,50014,515],{"class":503},[61,50016,107],{"class":507},[61,50018,504],{"class":503},[61,50020,1761],{"class":75},[20,50022,1598],{},[52,50024,50026],{"className":54,"code":50025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50027,50028,50033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50029,50030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50031,50032],{"class":67},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[61,50034,50035],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50036,50037],{"class":67},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50039,50040],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[887,50042,50044],{"id":50043},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[52,50046,50048],{"className":54,"code":50047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50049,50050,50082,50086,50102,50117,50134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50053,2730],{"class":67},[61,50055,72],{"class":71},[61,50057,926],{"class":75},[61,50059,504],{"class":503},[61,50061,214],{"class":507},[61,50063,504],{"class":503},[61,50065,83],{"class":75},[61,50067,515],{"class":503},[61,50069,329],{"class":507},[61,50071,504],{"class":503},[61,50073,83],{"class":75},[61,50075,515],{"class":503},[61,50077,1071],{"class":507},[61,50079,504],{"class":503},[61,50081,943],{"class":75},[61,50083,50084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50085,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50089,7277],{"class":4158},[61,50091,49894],{"class":159},[61,50093,147],{"class":75},[61,50095,2755],{"class":143},[61,50097,83],{"class":75},[61,50099,49185],{"class":2071},[61,50101,8626],{"class":75},[61,50103,50104,50106,50108,50110,50113,50115],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50105,8352],{"class":159},[61,50107,147],{"class":75},[61,50109,504],{"class":503},[61,50111,50112],{"class":507},"This is text",[61,50114,504],{"class":503},[61,50116,153],{"class":75},[61,50118,50119,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,50120,50121],{"class":4158},"elif",[61,50123,49894],{"class":159},[61,50125,147],{"class":75},[61,50127,2755],{"class":143},[61,50129,83],{"class":75},[61,50131,22835],{"class":2071},[61,50133,8626],{"class":75},[61,50135,50136,50138,50140,50142,50145,50147],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,50137,8352],{"class":159},[61,50139,147],{"class":75},[61,50141,504],{"class":503},[61,50143,50144],{"class":507},"This is a list",[61,50146,504],{"class":503},[61,50148,153],{"class":75},[20,50150,1598],{},[52,50152,50154],{"className":54,"code":50153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a list\n",[15,50155,50156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50157,50158,50161,50163,50165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50159,50160],{"class":67},"This ",[61,50162,12474],{"class":71},[61,50164,44824],{"class":67},[61,50166,50167],{"class":2071},"list\n",[887,50169,50171],{"id":50170},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[52,50173,50175],{"className":54,"code":50174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50176,50177,50189,50193,50209,50223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50178,50179,50181,50183,50185,50187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50180,2730],{"class":67},[61,50182,72],{"class":71},[61,50184,515],{"class":503},[61,50186,46806],{"class":507},[61,50188,3639],{"class":503},[61,50190,50191],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50192,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,50194,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50196,7277],{"class":4158},[61,50198,49894],{"class":159},[61,50200,147],{"class":75},[61,50202,2755],{"class":143},[61,50204,83],{"class":75},[61,50206,49185],{"class":2071},[61,50208,8626],{"class":75},[61,50210,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50212,42169],{"class":67},[61,50214,72],{"class":71},[61,50216,45556],{"class":2071},[61,50218,147],{"class":75},[61,50220,2755],{"class":143},[61,50222,153],{"class":75},[61,50224,50225,50227,50229,50231],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,50226,8352],{"class":159},[61,50228,147],{"class":75},[61,50230,2523],{"class":143},[61,50232,153],{"class":75},[20,50234,1598],{},[52,50236,50237],{"className":54,"code":46892,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,50238,50239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50240,50241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50242,46892],{"class":79},[20,50244,50245],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[887,50247,50249],{"id":50248},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[52,50251,50253],{"className":54,"code":50252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50254,50255,50279,50283,50299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50258,2730],{"class":67},[61,50260,72],{"class":71},[61,50262,76],{"class":75},[61,50264,504],{"class":503},[61,50266,7949],{"class":507},[61,50268,504],{"class":503},[61,50270,192],{"class":75},[61,50272,515],{"class":503},[61,50274,13161],{"class":507},[61,50276,504],{"class":503},[61,50278,94],{"class":75},[61,50280,50281],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50282,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,50284,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50286,7277],{"class":4158},[61,50288,49894],{"class":159},[61,50290,147],{"class":75},[61,50292,2755],{"class":143},[61,50294,83],{"class":75},[61,50296,9454],{"class":2071},[61,50298,8626],{"class":75},[61,50300,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50302,8352],{"class":159},[61,50304,147],{"class":75},[61,50306,2755],{"class":143},[61,50308,4182],{"class":75},[61,50310,504],{"class":503},[61,50312,7949],{"class":507},[61,50314,504],{"class":503},[61,50316,1887],{"class":75},[20,50318,1598],{},[52,50320,50322],{"className":54,"code":50321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n",[15,50323,50324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50325,50326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50327,50321],{"class":67},[20,50329,50330,50331,50333],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50332,3285],{}," messages later.",[47,50335,1520],{"id":1519},[887,50337,50339,50340,11372,50343],{"id":50338},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50341,50342],{},"\"int\"",[15,50344,2473],{},[20,50346,16923],{},[52,50348,50350],{"className":54,"code":50349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50351,50352,50360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50353,50354,50356,50358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50355,2730],{"class":67},[61,50357,72],{"class":71},[61,50359,2867],{"class":79},[61,50361,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50363,160],{"class":159},[61,50365,147],{"class":75},[61,50367,49156],{"class":159},[61,50369,147],{"class":75},[61,50371,2755],{"class":143},[61,50373,83],{"class":75},[61,50375,515],{"class":503},[61,50377,2473],{"class":507},[61,50379,504],{"class":503},[61,50381,1761],{"class":75},[20,50383,50384,50386],{},[15,50385,50342],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50388,16935],{},[52,50390,50391],{"className":54,"code":49800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,50392,50393,50401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50394,50395,50397,50399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50396,2730],{"class":67},[61,50398,72],{"class":71},[61,50400,2867],{"class":79},[61,50402,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50404,160],{"class":159},[61,50406,147],{"class":75},[61,50408,49156],{"class":159},[61,50410,147],{"class":75},[61,50412,2755],{"class":143},[61,50414,83],{"class":75},[61,50416,45556],{"class":2071},[61,50418,1761],{"class":75},[887,50420,50422],{"id":50421},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50424,16923],{},[52,50426,50428],{"className":54,"code":50427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50429,50430,50438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50431,50432,50434,50436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50433,2730],{"class":67},[61,50435,72],{"class":71},[61,50437,35117],{"class":79},[61,50439,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458,50460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50441,160],{"class":159},[61,50443,147],{"class":75},[61,50445,49156],{"class":159},[61,50447,147],{"class":75},[61,50449,2755],{"class":143},[61,50451,83],{"class":75},[61,50453,926],{"class":75},[61,50455,2473],{"class":2071},[61,50457,83],{"class":75},[61,50459,40533],{"class":2071},[61,50461,3279],{"class":75},[20,50463,50464],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50466,16935],{},[52,50468,50470],{"className":54,"code":50469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50471,50472,50480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50473,50474,50476,50478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50475,2730],{"class":67},[61,50477,72],{"class":71},[61,50479,35117],{"class":79},[61,50481,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50483,160],{"class":159},[61,50485,147],{"class":75},[61,50487,49156],{"class":159},[61,50489,147],{"class":75},[61,50491,2755],{"class":143},[61,50493,83],{"class":75},[61,50495,1058],{"class":75},[61,50497,2473],{"class":2071},[61,50499,83],{"class":75},[61,50501,40533],{"class":2071},[61,50503,3193],{"class":75},[887,50505,26050,50507,50509],{"id":50506},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50508,45085],{}," converts a value",[20,50511,19192],{},[52,50513,50515],{"className":54,"code":50514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50516,50517,50530,50548,50552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50518,50519,50521,50523,50525,50528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50520,2730],{"class":67},[61,50522,72],{"class":71},[61,50524,515],{"class":503},[61,50526,50527],{"class":507},"123",[61,50529,3639],{"class":503},[61,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50533,132],{"class":67},[61,50535,72],{"class":71},[61,50537,49894],{"class":159},[61,50539,147],{"class":75},[61,50541,2755],{"class":143},[61,50543,83],{"class":75},[61,50545,45556],{"class":2071},[61,50547,153],{"class":75},[61,50549,50550],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50551,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50555,160],{"class":159},[61,50557,147],{"class":75},[61,50559,165],{"class":143},[61,50561,153],{"class":75},[20,50563,1598],{},[52,50565,50566],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,50567,50568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50569,50570],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50571,4323],{"class":4133},[20,50573,50574,50575,50578,50579,50581],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50576,50577],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50580,50527],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50583,50584,50585,6910],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50586,50587],{},"int(value)",[887,50589,50591],{"id":50590},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50593,50594,50596],{},[15,50595,45085],{}," does not modify anything.",[52,50598,50600],{"className":54,"code":50599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50601,50602,50614,50618,50636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50605,2730],{"class":67},[61,50607,72],{"class":71},[61,50609,515],{"class":503},[61,50611,13839],{"class":507},[61,50613,3639],{"class":503},[61,50615,50616],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50617,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,50619,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50621,160],{"class":159},[61,50623,147],{"class":75},[61,50625,49156],{"class":159},[61,50627,147],{"class":75},[61,50629,2755],{"class":143},[61,50631,83],{"class":75},[61,50633,49185],{"class":2071},[61,50635,1761],{"class":75},[61,50637,50638,50640,50642,50644],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50639,160],{"class":159},[61,50641,147],{"class":75},[61,50643,2755],{"class":143},[61,50645,153],{"class":75},[20,50647,1598],{},[52,50649,50651],{"className":54,"code":50650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n100\n",[15,50652,50653,50657],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50654,50655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50656,4262],{"class":4133},[61,50658,50659],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50660,47543],{"class":79},[20,50662,50663],{},"The value stays the same.",[47,50665,26218],{"id":26217},[20,50667,50668],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[52,50670,50672],{"className":54,"code":50671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50673,50674,50688,50706,50730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50675,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50677,160],{"class":159},[61,50679,147],{"class":75},[61,50681,2072],{"class":2071},[61,50683,147],{"class":75},[61,50685,2755],{"class":143},[61,50687,1761],{"class":75},[61,50689,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50691,160],{"class":159},[61,50693,147],{"class":75},[61,50695,49156],{"class":159},[61,50697,147],{"class":75},[61,50699,2755],{"class":143},[61,50701,83],{"class":75},[61,50703,45556],{"class":2071},[61,50705,1761],{"class":75},[61,50707,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,50709,160],{"class":159},[61,50711,147],{"class":75},[61,50713,49156],{"class":159},[61,50715,147],{"class":75},[61,50717,2755],{"class":143},[61,50719,83],{"class":75},[61,50721,1058],{"class":75},[61,50723,2473],{"class":2071},[61,50725,83],{"class":75},[61,50727,40533],{"class":2071},[61,50729,3193],{"class":75},[61,50731,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,50733,160],{"class":159},[61,50735,147],{"class":75},[61,50737,42058],{"class":159},[61,50739,147],{"class":75},[61,50741,2755],{"class":143},[61,50743,1761],{"class":75},[20,50745,50746],{},"These can help when:",[29,50748,50749,50752,50757,50760],{},[32,50750,50751],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[32,50753,50754,50755],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50756,3285],{},[32,50758,50759],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[32,50761,50762,50763,50765],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50764,45085],{}," is invalid",[20,50767,50768],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[29,50770,50771,50785,50791,50796],{},[32,50772,50773,50774,3159,50777,50780,50781,3159,50783],{},"using ",[15,50775,50776],{},"'int'",[15,50778,50779],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50782,2473],{},[15,50784,3724],{},[32,50786,50787,50788,50790],{},"expecting ",[15,50789,45085],{}," to convert a value",[32,50792,50773,50793,50795],{},[15,50794,2584],{}," when inherited types should also match",[32,50797,50798],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50800,50801,50802,140],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[214,50803,50805,50806],{"href":50804},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50807,50808],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[47,50810,2109],{"id":2108},[887,50812,5422,50814,5425],{"id":50813},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50815,45085],{},[20,50817,5428,50818,50820,50821,140],{},[15,50819,3885],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50822,3954],{},[887,50824,2123,50826,50828],{"id":50825},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50827,45085],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50830,50831,50832,140],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50833,50834],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[887,50836,2153,50838,700,50840,2159],{"id":50837},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50839,45085],{},[15,50841,2584],{},[20,50843,50844,50846,50847,50849],{},[15,50845,2584],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50848,45085],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[887,50851,2113,50853,50855],{"id":50852},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50854,45085],{}," convert a value?",[20,50857,50858],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[47,50860,2172],{"id":2171},[29,50862,50863,50869,50873,50878,50883],{},[32,50864,50865],{},[214,50866,13,50867,3790],{"href":2581},[15,50868,2584],{},[32,50870,50871],{},[214,50872,45077],{"href":49259},[32,50874,50875],{},[214,50876,50877],{"href":3243},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,50879,50880],{},[214,50881,50882],{"href":49262},"What is a data type in Python?",[32,50884,50885],{},[214,50886,50805,50887],{"href":50804},[15,50888,50808],{},[2204,50890,50891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":50893},[50894,50895,50897,50900,50904,50905,50910,50916,50924,50925,50935],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":49198,"depth":97,"text":50896},"What isinstance() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":50898},[50899],{"id":49290,"depth":122,"text":49291},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483,"children":50901},[50902,50903],{"id":49378,"depth":122,"text":49379},{"id":49449,"depth":122,"text":49450},{"id":49536,"depth":97,"text":49537},{"id":49733,"depth":97,"text":50906,"children":50907},"isinstance() vs type()",[50908,50909],{"id":49749,"depth":122,"text":49752},{"id":49791,"depth":122,"text":49794},{"id":49852,"depth":97,"text":49853,"children":50911},[50912,50913,50914,50915],{"id":49861,"depth":122,"text":49862},{"id":50043,"depth":122,"text":50044},{"id":50170,"depth":122,"text":50171},{"id":50248,"depth":122,"text":50249},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":50917},[50918,50920,50921,50923],{"id":50338,"depth":122,"text":50919},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50421,"depth":122,"text":50422},{"id":50506,"depth":122,"text":50922},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50590,"depth":122,"text":50591},{"id":26217,"depth":97,"text":26218},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":50926},[50927,50929,50931,50933],{"id":50813,"depth":122,"text":50928},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50825,"depth":122,"text":50930},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50837,"depth":122,"text":50932},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50852,"depth":122,"text":50934},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49099,"description":50936},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50942,"title":50943,"body":50944,"description":52917,"extension":2249,"meta":52918,"navigation":125,"path":52919,"seo":52920,"stem":52921,"__hash__":52922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50945,"toc":52892},[50946,50949,50954,50959,50973,50976,50978,51053,51058,51062,51067,51070,51084,51086,51252,51265,51267,51269,51284,51287,51290,51303,51305,51403,51407,51413,51416,51425,51427,51462,51467,51488,51493,51498,51530,51533,51590,51594,51600,51603,51656,51658,51698,51701,51769,51772,51823,51830,51834,51840,51925,51931,51937,51986,51989,51992,52042,52044,52049,52053,52103,52107,52154,52158,52235,52239,52304,52307,52311,52316,52321,52333,52335,52354,52360,52363,52382,52387,52414,52421,52425,52431,52434,52529,52532,52535,52584,52589,52591,52595,52630,52633,52690,52700,52703,52737,52740,52742,52746,52749,52753,52756,52760,52763,52767,52780,52784,52789,52791,52841,52853,52855,52889],[10,50947,50943],{"id":50948},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50950,9406,50951,50953],{},[15,50952,42639],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50955,35681,50956,50958],{},[15,50957,42639],{}," to count:",[29,50960,50961,50964,50967,50970],{},[32,50962,50963],{},"characters in a string",[32,50965,50966],{},"items in a list or tuple",[32,50968,50969],{},"keys in a dictionary",[32,50971,50972],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50974,50975],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[47,50977,50],{"id":49},[52,50979,50981],{"className":54,"code":50980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50982,50983,50995,51015,51019,51036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50984,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50986,34962],{"class":67},[61,50988,72],{"class":71},[61,50990,515],{"class":503},[61,50992,4126],{"class":507},[61,50994,3639],{"class":503},[61,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50998,8061],{"class":67},[61,51000,72],{"class":71},[61,51002,926],{"class":75},[61,51004,2613],{"class":79},[61,51006,83],{"class":75},[61,51008,8072],{"class":79},[61,51010,83],{"class":75},[61,51012,8077],{"class":79},[61,51014,943],{"class":75},[61,51016,51017],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51018,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,51020,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51022,160],{"class":159},[61,51024,147],{"class":75},[61,51026,11442],{"class":159},[61,51028,147],{"class":75},[61,51030,34983],{"class":143},[61,51032,5641],{"class":75},[61,51034,51035],{"class":173},"   # 5\n",[61,51037,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,51039,160],{"class":159},[61,51041,147],{"class":75},[61,51043,11442],{"class":159},[61,51045,147],{"class":75},[61,51047,8092],{"class":143},[61,51049,5641],{"class":75},[61,51051,51052],{"class":173},"  # 3\n",[20,51054,1503,51055,51057],{},[15,51056,42639],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[47,51059,51061],{"id":51060},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51063,51064,51066],{},[15,51065,42639],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51068,51069],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[29,51071,51072,51075,51078,51081],{},[32,51073,51074],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[32,51076,51077],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[32,51079,51080],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[32,51082,51083],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51085,368],{},[52,51087,51089],{"className":54,"code":51088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51090,51091,51103,51128,51160,51180,51184,51201,51218,51235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51094,8159],{"class":67},[61,51096,72],{"class":71},[61,51098,515],{"class":503},[61,51100,7958],{"class":507},[61,51102,3639],{"class":503},[61,51104,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51126],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51106,900],{"class":67},[61,51108,72],{"class":71},[61,51110,926],{"class":75},[61,51112,2613],{"class":79},[61,51114,83],{"class":75},[61,51116,8072],{"class":79},[61,51118,83],{"class":75},[61,51120,8077],{"class":79},[61,51122,83],{"class":75},[61,51124,51125],{"class":79}," 40",[61,51127,943],{"class":75},[61,51129,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51131,9449],{"class":67},[61,51133,72],{"class":71},[61,51135,76],{"class":75},[61,51137,504],{"class":503},[61,51139,214],{"class":507},[61,51141,504],{"class":503},[61,51143,192],{"class":75},[61,51145,1720],{"class":79},[61,51147,83],{"class":75},[61,51149,515],{"class":503},[61,51151,329],{"class":507},[61,51153,504],{"class":503},[61,51155,192],{"class":75},[61,51157,86],{"class":79},[61,51159,94],{"class":75},[61,51161,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51163,4103],{"class":67},[61,51165,72],{"class":71},[61,51167,76],{"class":75},[61,51169,1013],{"class":79},[61,51171,83],{"class":75},[61,51173,37920],{"class":79},[61,51175,83],{"class":75},[61,51177,6274],{"class":79},[61,51179,94],{"class":75},[61,51181,51182],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,51183,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,51185,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,51187,160],{"class":159},[61,51189,147],{"class":75},[61,51191,11442],{"class":159},[61,51193,147],{"class":75},[61,51195,7949],{"class":143},[61,51197,5641],{"class":75},[61,51199,51200],{"class":173},"     # 3\n",[61,51202,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,51204,160],{"class":159},[61,51206,147],{"class":75},[61,51208,11442],{"class":159},[61,51210,147],{"class":75},[61,51212,3929],{"class":143},[61,51214,5641],{"class":75},[61,51216,51217],{"class":173},"  # 4\n",[61,51219,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,51221,160],{"class":159},[61,51223,147],{"class":75},[61,51225,11442],{"class":159},[61,51227,147],{"class":75},[61,51229,9488],{"class":143},[61,51231,5641],{"class":75},[61,51233,51234],{"class":173},"     # 2\n",[61,51236,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,51238,160],{"class":159},[61,51240,147],{"class":75},[61,51242,11442],{"class":159},[61,51244,147],{"class":75},[61,51246,5638],{"class":143},[61,51248,5641],{"class":75},[61,51250,51251],{"class":173},"   # 3\n",[20,51253,51254,51255,1830,51259,1833,51263,140],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[214,51256,51258],{"href":51257},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[214,51260,51262],{"href":51261},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[214,51264,9439],{"href":9438},[47,51266,221],{"id":220},[20,51268,2444],{},[52,51270,51272],{"className":54,"code":51271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(object)\n",[15,51273,51274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51275,51276,51278,51280,51282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51277,11442],{"class":159},[61,51279,147],{"class":75},[61,51281,42677],{"class":2071},[61,51283,153],{"class":75},[20,51285,51286],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51288,51289],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[29,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300],{},[32,51293,38184],{},[32,51295,38178],{},[32,51297,38181],{},[32,51299,38187],{},[32,51301,51302],{},"a dictionary",[20,51304,368],{},[52,51306,51308],{"className":54,"code":51307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51309,51310,51331,51355,51377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51313,160],{"class":159},[61,51315,147],{"class":75},[61,51317,11442],{"class":159},[61,51319,147],{"class":75},[61,51321,504],{"class":503},[61,51323,56],{"class":507},[61,51325,504],{"class":503},[61,51327,5641],{"class":75},[61,51329,51330],{"class":173},"      # 6\n",[61,51332,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51334,160],{"class":159},[61,51336,147],{"class":75},[61,51338,11442],{"class":159},[61,51340,1878],{"class":75},[61,51342,80],{"class":79},[61,51344,83],{"class":75},[61,51346,86],{"class":79},[61,51348,83],{"class":75},[61,51350,91],{"class":79},[61,51352,5014],{"class":75},[61,51354,51200],{"class":173},[61,51356,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51374],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51358,160],{"class":159},[61,51360,147],{"class":75},[61,51362,11442],{"class":159},[61,51364,5790],{"class":75},[61,51366,2613],{"class":79},[61,51368,83],{"class":75},[61,51370,8072],{"class":79},[61,51372,51373],{"class":75},")))",[61,51375,51376],{"class":173},"      # 2\n",[61,51378,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51400],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51380,160],{"class":159},[61,51382,147],{"class":75},[61,51384,11442],{"class":159},[61,51386,5809],{"class":75},[61,51388,504],{"class":503},[61,51390,2458],{"class":507},[61,51392,504],{"class":503},[61,51394,192],{"class":75},[61,51396,1720],{"class":79},[61,51398,51399],{"class":75},"}))",[61,51401,51402],{"class":173},"      # 1\n",[47,51404,51406],{"id":51405},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51408,51409,51410,51412],{},"When you use ",[15,51411,42639],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51414,51415],{},"That includes:",[29,51417,51418,51420,51422],{},[32,51419,36419],{},[32,51421,10733],{},[32,51423,51424],{},"punctuation",[20,51426,368],{},[52,51428,51430],{"className":54,"code":51429,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51431,51432,51445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51433,51434,51436,51438,51440,51443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51435,34962],{"class":67},[61,51437,72],{"class":71},[61,51439,515],{"class":503},[61,51441,51442],{"class":507},"Hi there!",[61,51444,3639],{"class":503},[61,51446,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51448,160],{"class":159},[61,51450,147],{"class":75},[61,51452,11442],{"class":159},[61,51454,147],{"class":75},[61,51456,34983],{"class":143},[61,51458,5641],{"class":75},[61,51460,51461],{"class":173},"  # 9\n",[20,51463,51464,51465,2159],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51466,2429],{},[29,51468,51469,51475,51479,51482],{},[32,51470,51471,51474],{},[15,51472,51473],{},"H"," = 1",[32,51476,51477,51474],{},[15,51478,36430],{},[32,51480,51481],{},"space = 1",[32,51483,51484,51487],{},[15,51485,51486],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51489,51490,51491],{},"Total: ",[15,51492,2429],{},[20,51494,51495,51496,192],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51497,2405],{},[52,51499,51501],{"className":54,"code":51500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51502,51503,51512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51504,51505,51508,51510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51506,51507],{"class":67},"empty_text ",[61,51509,72],{"class":71},[61,51511,8164],{"class":503},[61,51513,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51525,51527],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51515,160],{"class":159},[61,51517,147],{"class":75},[61,51519,11442],{"class":159},[61,51521,147],{"class":75},[61,51523,51524],{"class":143},"empty_text",[61,51526,5641],{"class":75},[61,51528,51529],{"class":173},"  # 0\n",[20,51531,51532],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[52,51534,51536],{"className":54,"code":51535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51537,51538,51551,51555,51575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51539,51540,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51541,51542],{"class":67},"user_name ",[61,51544,72],{"class":71},[61,51546,515],{"class":503},[61,51548,5283],{"class":507},[61,51550,3639],{"class":503},[61,51552,51553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51554,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51566,51568,51571,51573],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51558,7277],{"class":4158},[61,51560,38663],{"class":159},[61,51562,147],{"class":75},[61,51564,51565],{"class":143},"user_name",[61,51567,442],{"class":75},[61,51569,51570],{"class":71}," >=",[61,51572,91],{"class":79},[61,51574,6673],{"class":75},[61,51576,51577,51579,51581,51583,51586,51588],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51578,8352],{"class":159},[61,51580,147],{"class":75},[61,51582,504],{"class":503},[61,51584,51585],{"class":507},"Name is long enough",[61,51587,504],{"class":503},[61,51589,153],{"class":75},[47,51591,51593],{"id":51592},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51595,51596,51597,51599],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51598,42639],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51601,51602],{},"Example with a list:",[52,51604,51606],{"className":54,"code":51605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51607,51608,51640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51609,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51611,13356],{"class":67},[61,51613,72],{"class":71},[61,51615,926],{"class":75},[61,51617,504],{"class":503},[61,51619,13373],{"class":507},[61,51621,504],{"class":503},[61,51623,83],{"class":75},[61,51625,515],{"class":503},[61,51627,17735],{"class":507},[61,51629,504],{"class":503},[61,51631,83],{"class":75},[61,51633,515],{"class":503},[61,51635,13390],{"class":507},[61,51637,504],{"class":503},[61,51639,943],{"class":75},[61,51641,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51643,160],{"class":159},[61,51645,147],{"class":75},[61,51647,11442],{"class":159},[61,51649,147],{"class":75},[61,51651,17782],{"class":143},[61,51653,5641],{"class":75},[61,51655,51052],{"class":173},[20,51657,38193],{},[52,51659,51661],{"className":54,"code":51660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51662,51663,51680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51664,51665,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51666,51667],{"class":67},"point ",[61,51669,72],{"class":71},[61,51671,1058],{"class":75},[61,51673,2613],{"class":79},[61,51675,83],{"class":75},[61,51677,8072],{"class":79},[61,51679,153],{"class":75},[61,51681,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51693,51695],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51683,160],{"class":159},[61,51685,147],{"class":75},[61,51687,11442],{"class":159},[61,51689,147],{"class":75},[61,51691,51692],{"class":143},"point",[61,51694,5641],{"class":75},[61,51696,51697],{"class":173},"  # 2\n",[20,51699,51700],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[52,51702,51704],{"className":54,"code":51703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51705,51706,51730,51734,51752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51707,51708,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51709,8061],{"class":67},[61,51711,72],{"class":71},[61,51713,926],{"class":75},[61,51715,504],{"class":503},[61,51717,508],{"class":507},[61,51719,504],{"class":503},[61,51721,83],{"class":75},[61,51723,515],{"class":503},[61,51725,518],{"class":507},[61,51727,504],{"class":503},[61,51729,943],{"class":75},[61,51731,51732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51733,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,51735,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748,51750],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51737,7277],{"class":4158},[61,51739,38663],{"class":159},[61,51741,147],{"class":75},[61,51743,8092],{"class":143},[61,51745,442],{"class":75},[61,51747,38673],{"class":71},[61,51749,1720],{"class":79},[61,51751,6673],{"class":75},[61,51753,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51755,8352],{"class":159},[61,51757,147],{"class":75},[61,51759,8092],{"class":143},[61,51761,4182],{"class":75},[61,51763,80],{"class":79},[61,51765,20725],{"class":75},[61,51767,51768],{"class":173},"  # banana\n",[20,51770,51771],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[52,51773,51775],{"className":54,"code":51774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51776,51777,51800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51778,51779,51781,51783,51785,51788,51790,51793,51795,51798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51780,5343],{"class":67},[61,51782,72],{"class":71},[61,51784,926],{"class":75},[61,51786,51787],{"class":79},"88",[61,51789,83],{"class":75},[61,51791,51792],{"class":79}," 91",[61,51794,83],{"class":75},[61,51796,51797],{"class":79}," 75",[61,51799,943],{"class":75},[61,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51803,160],{"class":159},[61,51805,147],{"class":75},[61,51807,504],{"class":503},[61,51809,51810],{"class":507},"Number of scores:",[61,51812,504],{"class":503},[61,51814,83],{"class":75},[61,51816,38663],{"class":159},[61,51818,147],{"class":75},[61,51820,16668],{"class":143},[61,51822,1761],{"class":75},[20,51824,51825,51826,140],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[214,51827,51829],{"href":51828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[47,51831,51833],{"id":51832},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51835,51836,51837,51839],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51838,42639],{}," counts keys.",[52,51841,51843],{"className":54,"code":51842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51844,51845,51853,51871,51885,51901,51905,51909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51846,51847,51849,51851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51848,13144],{"class":67},[61,51850,72],{"class":71},[61,51852,11772],{"class":75},[61,51854,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51856,11777],{"class":503},[61,51858,7949],{"class":507},[61,51860,504],{"class":503},[61,51862,192],{"class":75},[61,51864,515],{"class":503},[61,51866,8204],{"class":507},[61,51868,504],{"class":503},[61,51870,11793],{"class":75},[61,51872,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,51874,11777],{"class":503},[61,51876,9581],{"class":507},[61,51878,504],{"class":503},[61,51880,192],{"class":75},[61,51882,31218],{"class":79},[61,51884,11793],{"class":75},[61,51886,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,51888,11777],{"class":503},[61,51890,20170],{"class":507},[61,51892,504],{"class":503},[61,51894,192],{"class":75},[61,51896,515],{"class":503},[61,51898,22521],{"class":507},[61,51900,3639],{"class":503},[61,51902,51903],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,51904,94],{"class":75},[61,51906,51907],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,51908,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,51910,51911,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,51912,160],{"class":159},[61,51914,147],{"class":75},[61,51916,11442],{"class":159},[61,51918,147],{"class":75},[61,51920,13907],{"class":143},[61,51922,5641],{"class":75},[61,51924,51052],{"class":173},[20,51926,51927,51928,51930],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51929,42639],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51932,51933,51934,51936],{},"For sets, ",[15,51935,42639],{}," counts unique items:",[52,51938,51940],{"className":54,"code":51939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51941,51942,51970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51943,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51945,900],{"class":67},[61,51947,72],{"class":71},[61,51949,76],{"class":75},[61,51951,80],{"class":79},[61,51953,83],{"class":75},[61,51955,86],{"class":79},[61,51957,83],{"class":75},[61,51959,91],{"class":79},[61,51961,83],{"class":75},[61,51963,91],{"class":79},[61,51965,83],{"class":75},[61,51967,86],{"class":79},[61,51969,94],{"class":75},[61,51971,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51973,160],{"class":159},[61,51975,147],{"class":75},[61,51977,11442],{"class":159},[61,51979,147],{"class":75},[61,51981,3929],{"class":143},[61,51983,5641],{"class":75},[61,51985,51052],{"class":173},[20,51987,51988],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51990,51991],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[52,51993,51995],{"className":54,"code":51994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51996,51997,52005,52009,52027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51998,51999,52001,52003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52000,9449],{"class":67},[61,52002,72],{"class":71},[61,52004,10119],{"class":75},[61,52006,52007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52008,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52010,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52012,7277],{"class":4158},[61,52014,38663],{"class":159},[61,52016,147],{"class":75},[61,52018,9488],{"class":143},[61,52020,442],{"class":75},[61,52022,6688],{"class":71},[61,52024,4114],{"class":79},[61,52026,6673],{"class":75},[61,52028,52029,52031,52033,52035,52038,52040],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52030,8352],{"class":159},[61,52032,147],{"class":75},[61,52034,504],{"class":503},[61,52036,52037],{"class":507},"The dictionary is empty",[61,52039,504],{"class":503},[61,52041,153],{"class":75},[47,52043,41324],{"id":41323},[20,52045,52046,52047,140],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52048,42639],{},[887,52050,52052],{"id":52051},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[52,52054,52056],{"className":54,"code":52055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52057,52058,52066,52070,52088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52059,52060,52062,52064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52061,8061],{"class":67},[61,52063,72],{"class":71},[61,52065,8121],{"class":75},[61,52067,52068],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52069,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52071,52072,52074,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52073,7277],{"class":4158},[61,52075,38663],{"class":159},[61,52077,147],{"class":75},[61,52079,8092],{"class":143},[61,52081,442],{"class":75},[61,52083,6688],{"class":71},[61,52085,4114],{"class":79},[61,52087,6673],{"class":75},[61,52089,52090,52092,52094,52096,52099,52101],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52091,8352],{"class":159},[61,52093,147],{"class":75},[61,52095,504],{"class":503},[61,52097,52098],{"class":507},"The list is empty",[61,52100,504],{"class":503},[61,52102,153],{"class":75},[887,52104,52106],{"id":52105},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[52,52108,52110],{"className":54,"code":52109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52111,52112,52131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52113,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52127,52129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52115,6435],{"class":67},[61,52117,72],{"class":71},[61,52119,8526],{"class":159},[61,52121,147],{"class":75},[61,52123,504],{"class":503},[61,52125,52126],{"class":507},"Enter a word: ",[61,52128,504],{"class":503},[61,52130,153],{"class":75},[61,52132,52133,52135,52137,52139,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52134,160],{"class":159},[61,52136,147],{"class":75},[61,52138,504],{"class":503},[61,52140,52141],{"class":507},"Number of characters:",[61,52143,504],{"class":503},[61,52145,83],{"class":75},[61,52147,38663],{"class":159},[61,52149,147],{"class":75},[61,52151,38668],{"class":143},[61,52153,1761],{"class":75},[887,52155,52157],{"id":52156},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[52,52159,52161],{"className":54,"code":52160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52162,52163,52177,52181,52199,52214,52220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52164,52165,52168,52170,52172,52175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52166,52167],{"class":67},"password ",[61,52169,72],{"class":71},[61,52171,515],{"class":503},[61,52173,52174],{"class":507},"secret123",[61,52176,3639],{"class":503},[61,52178,52179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52180,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52182,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52184,7277],{"class":4158},[61,52186,38663],{"class":159},[61,52188,147],{"class":75},[61,52190,17901],{"class":143},[61,52192,442],{"class":75},[61,52194,51570],{"class":71},[61,52196,6639],{"class":79},[61,52198,6673],{"class":75},[61,52200,52201,52203,52205,52207,52210,52212],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52202,8352],{"class":159},[61,52204,147],{"class":75},[61,52206,504],{"class":503},[61,52208,52209],{"class":507},"Password length is valid",[61,52211,504],{"class":503},[61,52213,153],{"class":75},[61,52215,52216,52218],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,52217,27710],{"class":4158},[61,52219,6673],{"class":75},[61,52221,52222,52224,52226,52228,52231,52233],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,52223,8352],{"class":159},[61,52225,147],{"class":75},[61,52227,504],{"class":503},[61,52229,52230],{"class":507},"Password is too short",[61,52232,504],{"class":503},[61,52234,153],{"class":75},[887,52236,52238],{"id":52237},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[52,52240,52242],{"className":54,"code":52241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52243,52244,52280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52245,52246,52249,52251,52253,52255,52258,52260,52262,52264,52267,52269,52271,52273,52276,52278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52247,52248],{"class":67},"results ",[61,52250,72],{"class":71},[61,52252,926],{"class":75},[61,52254,504],{"class":503},[61,52256,52257],{"class":507},"item1",[61,52259,504],{"class":503},[61,52261,83],{"class":75},[61,52263,515],{"class":503},[61,52265,52266],{"class":507},"item2",[61,52268,504],{"class":503},[61,52270,83],{"class":75},[61,52272,515],{"class":503},[61,52274,52275],{"class":507},"item3",[61,52277,504],{"class":503},[61,52279,943],{"class":75},[61,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52283,160],{"class":159},[61,52285,147],{"class":75},[61,52287,504],{"class":503},[61,52289,52290],{"class":507},"Items found:",[61,52292,504],{"class":503},[61,52294,83],{"class":75},[61,52296,38663],{"class":159},[61,52298,147],{"class":75},[61,52300,52301],{"class":143},"results",[61,52303,1761],{"class":75},[20,52305,52306],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[47,52308,52310],{"id":52309},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52312,52313,52315],{},[15,52314,42639],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52317,52318,52319,192],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52320,3285],{},[29,52322,52323,52326,52329],{},[32,52324,52325],{},"plain integers",[32,52327,52328],{},"floats",[32,52330,52331],{},[15,52332,4058],{},[20,52334,368],{},[52,52336,52338],{"className":54,"code":52337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52339,52340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52341,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52343,160],{"class":159},[61,52345,147],{"class":75},[61,52347,11442],{"class":159},[61,52349,147],{"class":75},[61,52351,1013],{"class":79},[61,52353,1761],{"class":75},[20,52355,52356,52357,52359],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52358,1013],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52361,52362],{},"Another example:",[52,52364,52366],{"className":54,"code":52365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52367,52368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52369,52370,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52371,160],{"class":159},[61,52373,147],{"class":75},[61,52375,11442],{"class":159},[61,52377,147],{"class":75},[61,52379,40421],{"class":79},[61,52381,1761],{"class":75},[20,52383,52384,52385,192],{},"And with ",[15,52386,4058],{},[52,52388,52390],{"className":54,"code":52389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52391,52392,52400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52393,52394,52396,52398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52395,2730],{"class":67},[61,52397,72],{"class":71},[61,52399,48808],{"class":4133},[61,52401,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52403,160],{"class":159},[61,52405,147],{"class":75},[61,52407,11442],{"class":159},[61,52409,147],{"class":75},[61,52411,2755],{"class":143},[61,52413,1761],{"class":75},[20,52415,52416,52417,140],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[214,52418,52420],{"href":52419},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[47,52422,52424],{"id":52423},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52426,52427,52428,52430],{},"Before using ",[15,52429,42639],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52432,52433],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[52,52435,52437],{"className":54,"code":52436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52438,52439,52447,52451,52461,52475,52493,52511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52440,52441,52443,52445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52442,2730],{"class":67},[61,52444,72],{"class":71},[61,52446,48808],{"class":4133},[61,52448,52449],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52450,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52452,52453,52455,52457,52459],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52454,160],{"class":159},[61,52456,147],{"class":75},[61,52458,2755],{"class":143},[61,52460,153],{"class":75},[61,52462,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52464,160],{"class":159},[61,52466,147],{"class":75},[61,52468,2072],{"class":2071},[61,52470,147],{"class":75},[61,52472,2755],{"class":143},[61,52474,1761],{"class":75},[61,52476,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,52478,160],{"class":159},[61,52480,147],{"class":75},[61,52482,49156],{"class":159},[61,52484,147],{"class":75},[61,52486,2755],{"class":143},[61,52488,83],{"class":75},[61,52490,49185],{"class":2071},[61,52492,1761],{"class":75},[61,52494,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,52496,160],{"class":159},[61,52498,147],{"class":75},[61,52500,49156],{"class":159},[61,52502,147],{"class":75},[61,52504,2755],{"class":143},[61,52506,83],{"class":75},[61,52508,22835],{"class":2071},[61,52510,1761],{"class":75},[61,52512,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525,52527],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,52514,160],{"class":159},[61,52516,147],{"class":75},[61,52518,49156],{"class":159},[61,52520,147],{"class":75},[61,52522,2755],{"class":143},[61,52524,83],{"class":75},[61,52526,9454],{"class":2071},[61,52528,1761],{"class":75},[20,52530,52531],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52533,52534],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[52,52536,52538],{"className":54,"code":52537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52539,52540,52552,52556,52570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52541,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52543,2730],{"class":67},[61,52545,72],{"class":71},[61,52547,515],{"class":503},[61,52549,4126],{"class":507},[61,52551,3639],{"class":503},[61,52553,52554],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52555,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52557,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52559,7277],{"class":4158},[61,52561,21863],{"class":67},[61,52563,12474],{"class":71},[61,52565,8383],{"class":71},[61,52567,4134],{"class":4133},[61,52569,6673],{"class":75},[61,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52573,8352],{"class":159},[61,52575,147],{"class":75},[61,52577,11442],{"class":159},[61,52579,147],{"class":75},[61,52581,2755],{"class":143},[61,52583,1761],{"class":75},[20,52585,52586,52587,140],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[214,52588,8726],{"href":2581},[47,52590,3111],{"id":3110},[20,52592,23370,52593,192],{},[15,52594,42639],{},[29,52596,52597,52605,52613,52621,52627],{},[32,52598,716,52599,52601,52602],{},[15,52600,42639],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52603,52604],{},"len(5)",[32,52606,716,52607,52609,52610],{},[15,52608,42639],{}," on a float like ",[15,52611,52612],{},"len(3.14)",[32,52614,716,52615,52617,52618,52620],{},[15,52616,42639],{}," on ",[15,52619,4058],{}," after a function returns nothing",[32,52622,4858,52623,52626],{},[15,52624,52625],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[32,52628,52629],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52631,52632],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[52,52634,52636],{"className":54,"code":52635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52637,52638,52674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52639,52640,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52641,13485],{"class":67},[61,52643,72],{"class":71},[61,52645,76],{"class":75},[61,52647,504],{"class":503},[61,52649,7949],{"class":507},[61,52651,504],{"class":503},[61,52653,192],{"class":75},[61,52655,515],{"class":503},[61,52657,13161],{"class":507},[61,52659,504],{"class":503},[61,52661,83],{"class":75},[61,52663,515],{"class":503},[61,52665,9581],{"class":507},[61,52667,504],{"class":503},[61,52669,192],{"class":75},[61,52671,8072],{"class":79},[61,52673,94],{"class":75},[61,52675,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52677,160],{"class":159},[61,52679,147],{"class":75},[61,52681,11442],{"class":159},[61,52683,147],{"class":75},[61,52685,17586],{"class":143},[61,52687,5641],{"class":75},[61,52689,51697],{"class":173},[20,52691,37871,52692,52694,52695,700,52697,140],{},[15,52693,301],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52696,15520],{},[15,52698,52699],{},"\"age\"",[20,52701,52702],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[52,52704,52706],{"className":54,"code":52705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52707,52708,52721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52709,52710,52712,52714,52716,52719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52711,34962],{"class":67},[61,52713,72],{"class":71},[61,52715,515],{"class":503},[61,52717,52718],{"class":507},"a b",[61,52720,3639],{"class":503},[61,52722,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52724,160],{"class":159},[61,52726,147],{"class":75},[61,52728,11442],{"class":159},[61,52730,147],{"class":75},[61,52732,34983],{"class":143},[61,52734,5641],{"class":75},[61,52736,51052],{"class":173},[20,52738,52739],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[47,52741,2109],{"id":2108},[887,52743,52745],{"id":52744},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52747,52748],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[887,52750,52752],{"id":52751},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52754,52755],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[887,52757,52759],{"id":52758},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52761,52762],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[887,52764,52766],{"id":52765},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52768,52769,52770,52772,52773,3159,52775,52777,52778,140],{},"No. Using ",[15,52771,42639],{}," on an ",[15,52774,2473],{},[15,52776,2476],{}," raises a ",[15,52779,3285],{},[887,52781,52783],{"id":52782},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52785,8044,52786,140],{},[15,52787,52788],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52790,368],{},[52,52792,52794],{"className":54,"code":52793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52795,52796,52804,52808,52826],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52797,52798,52800,52802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52799,8592],{"class":67},[61,52801,72],{"class":71},[61,52803,8121],{"class":75},[61,52805,52806],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52807,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,52809,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52811,7277],{"class":4158},[61,52813,38663],{"class":159},[61,52815,147],{"class":75},[61,52817,8623],{"class":143},[61,52819,442],{"class":75},[61,52821,6688],{"class":71},[61,52823,4114],{"class":79},[61,52825,6673],{"class":75},[61,52827,52828,52830,52832,52834,52837,52839],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,52829,8352],{"class":159},[61,52831,147],{"class":75},[61,52833,504],{"class":503},[61,52835,52836],{"class":507},"Empty list",[61,52838,504],{"class":503},[61,52840,153],{"class":75},[20,52842,52843,52844,52846,52847,52849,52850,52852],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52845,3954],{}," in an ",[15,52848,7277],{}," statement, but ",[15,52851,42639],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[47,52854,2172],{"id":2171},[29,52856,52857,52861,52865,52869,52874,52878,52884],{},[32,52858,52859],{},[214,52860,51258],{"href":51257},[32,52862,52863],{},[214,52864,51262],{"href":51261},[32,52866,52867],{},[214,52868,9439],{"href":9438},[32,52870,52871],{},[214,52872,52873],{"href":51828},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[32,52875,52876],{},[214,52877,8726],{"href":2581},[32,52879,52880],{},[214,52881,52883],{"href":52882},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[32,52885,52886],{},[214,52887,52888],{"href":52419},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2204,52890,52891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":52893},[52894,52895,52896,52897,52898,52899,52900,52906,52907,52908,52909,52916],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":51060,"depth":97,"text":51061},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":51405,"depth":97,"text":51406},{"id":51592,"depth":97,"text":51593},{"id":51832,"depth":97,"text":51833},{"id":41323,"depth":97,"text":41324,"children":52901},[52902,52903,52904,52905],{"id":52051,"depth":122,"text":52052},{"id":52105,"depth":122,"text":52106},{"id":52156,"depth":122,"text":52157},{"id":52237,"depth":122,"text":52238},{"id":52309,"depth":97,"text":52310},{"id":52423,"depth":97,"text":52424},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":52910},[52911,52912,52913,52914,52915],{"id":52744,"depth":122,"text":52745},{"id":52751,"depth":122,"text":52752},{"id":52758,"depth":122,"text":52759},{"id":52765,"depth":122,"text":52766},{"id":52782,"depth":122,"text":52783},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50943,"description":52917},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52924,"title":52925,"body":52926,"description":54611,"extension":2249,"meta":54612,"navigation":125,"path":54613,"seo":54614,"stem":54615,"__hash__":54616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52927,"toc":54584},[52928,52931,52945,52951,52953,53007,53012,53016,53032,53035,53049,53055,53057,53060,53079,53095,53097,53173,53175,53212,53223,53225,53228,53289,53291,53324,53327,53333,53337,53340,53465,53467,53526,53534,53587,53589,53616,53622,53632,53636,53639,53644,53696,53698,53724,53730,53784,53786,53811,53814,53838,53844,53846,53850,53852,53909,53911,53919,53921,53943,53945,53998,54000,54024,54028,54030,54069,54071,54079,54085,54089,54141,54143,54169,54177,54181,54186,54195,54197,54263,54265,54297,54301,54306,54308,54322,54325,54398,54400,54426,54428,54432,54439,54443,54450,54454,54457,54459,54512,54514,54540,54544,54553,54555,54581],[10,52929,52925],{"id":52930},"python-list-append-method",[20,52932,2266,52933,52936,52937,52940,52941,52944],{},[15,52934,52935],{},"append()"," method adds ",[39,52938,52939],{},"one item"," to the ",[39,52942,52943],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52946,52947,52948,52950],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[39,52949,4909],{}," create a new list.",[47,52952,3890],{"id":3889},[52,52954,52956],{"className":54,"code":52955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52957,52958,52978,52992,53002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52959,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52961,900],{"class":67},[61,52963,72],{"class":71},[61,52965,926],{"class":75},[61,52967,80],{"class":79},[61,52969,83],{"class":75},[61,52971,86],{"class":79},[61,52973,83],{"class":75},[61,52975,91],{"class":79},[61,52977,943],{"class":75},[61,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52981,3929],{"class":67},[61,52983,140],{"class":75},[61,52985,13834],{"class":143},[61,52987,147],{"class":75},[61,52989,788],{"class":79},[61,52991,153],{"class":75},[61,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,52995,160],{"class":159},[61,52997,147],{"class":75},[61,52999,3929],{"class":143},[61,53001,153],{"class":75},[61,53003,53004],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53005,53006],{"class":173},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53008,1503,53009,53011],{},[15,53010,52935],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[47,53013,53015],{"id":53014},"what-append-does","What append() does",[29,53017,53018,53023,53026,53029],{},[32,53019,53020,53022],{},[15,53021,52935],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[32,53024,53025],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[32,53027,53028],{},"It does not create a new list",[32,53030,53031],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53033,53034],{},"This means you can append:",[29,53036,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047],{},[32,53038,3929],{},[32,53040,5588],{},[32,53042,40872],{},[32,53044,5579],{},[32,53046,7531],{},[32,53048,34936],{},[20,53050,53051,53052,140],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[214,53053,53054],{"href":51261},"Python lists explained for beginners",[47,53056,5711],{"id":5710},[20,53058,53059],{},"Basic form:",[52,53061,53063],{"className":54,"code":53062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53064,53065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075,53077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53068,8623],{"class":67},[61,53070,140],{"class":75},[61,53072,13834],{"class":143},[61,53074,147],{"class":75},[61,53076,23586],{"class":143},[61,53078,153],{"class":75},[29,53080,53081,53086,53091],{},[32,53082,53083,53085],{},[15,53084,8623],{}," is the list you want to change",[32,53087,53088,53090],{},[15,53089,23586],{}," is the value or object to add",[32,53092,12191,53093],{},[15,53094,4058],{},[20,53096,368],{},[52,53098,53100],{"className":54,"code":53099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53101,53102,53126,53149,53153,53163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53103,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53105,36515],{"class":67},[61,53107,72],{"class":71},[61,53109,926],{"class":75},[61,53111,504],{"class":503},[61,53113,508],{"class":507},[61,53115,504],{"class":503},[61,53117,83],{"class":75},[61,53119,515],{"class":503},[61,53121,518],{"class":507},[61,53123,504],{"class":503},[61,53125,943],{"class":75},[61,53127,53128,53130,53132,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53129,132],{"class":67},[61,53131,72],{"class":71},[61,53133,53134],{"class":67}," fruits",[61,53136,140],{"class":75},[61,53138,13834],{"class":143},[61,53140,147],{"class":75},[61,53142,504],{"class":503},[61,53144,527],{"class":507},[61,53146,504],{"class":503},[61,53148,153],{"class":75},[61,53150,53151],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53152,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53154,53155,53157,53159,53161],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53156,160],{"class":159},[61,53158,147],{"class":75},[61,53160,36567],{"class":143},[61,53162,153],{"class":75},[61,53164,53165,53167,53169,53171],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,53166,160],{"class":159},[61,53168,147],{"class":75},[61,53170,165],{"class":143},[61,53172,153],{"class":75},[20,53174,1598],{},[52,53176,53178],{"className":54,"code":53177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53179,53180,53208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53183,4182],{"class":75},[61,53185,630],{"class":503},[61,53187,508],{"class":507},[61,53189,630],{"class":503},[61,53191,83],{"class":75},[61,53193,639],{"class":503},[61,53195,518],{"class":507},[61,53197,630],{"class":503},[61,53199,83],{"class":75},[61,53201,639],{"class":503},[61,53203,527],{"class":507},[61,53205,630],{"class":503},[61,53207,943],{"class":75},[61,53209,53210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53211,12088],{"class":4133},[20,53213,53214,53215,53217,53218,53220,53221,140],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53216,52935],{}," updates ",[15,53219,36567],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53222,4058],{},[47,53224,483],{"id":482},[20,53226,53227],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[52,53229,53231],{"className":54,"code":53230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53232,53233,53257,53275,53279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53234,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53236,13356],{"class":67},[61,53238,72],{"class":71},[61,53240,926],{"class":75},[61,53242,504],{"class":503},[61,53244,13373],{"class":507},[61,53246,504],{"class":503},[61,53248,83],{"class":75},[61,53250,515],{"class":503},[61,53252,13390],{"class":507},[61,53254,504],{"class":503},[61,53256,943],{"class":75},[61,53258,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53260,17782],{"class":67},[61,53262,140],{"class":75},[61,53264,13834],{"class":143},[61,53266,147],{"class":75},[61,53268,504],{"class":503},[61,53270,17735],{"class":507},[61,53272,504],{"class":503},[61,53274,153],{"class":75},[61,53276,53277],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53278,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53280,53281,53283,53285,53287],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53282,160],{"class":159},[61,53284,147],{"class":75},[61,53286,17782],{"class":143},[61,53288,153],{"class":75},[20,53290,1598],{},[52,53292,53294],{"className":54,"code":53293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53295,53296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53297,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53299,4182],{"class":75},[61,53301,630],{"class":503},[61,53303,13373],{"class":507},[61,53305,630],{"class":503},[61,53307,83],{"class":75},[61,53309,639],{"class":503},[61,53311,13390],{"class":507},[61,53313,630],{"class":503},[61,53315,83],{"class":75},[61,53317,639],{"class":503},[61,53319,17735],{"class":507},[61,53321,630],{"class":503},[61,53323,943],{"class":75},[20,53325,53326],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53328,31358,53329,140],{},[214,53330,53332],{"href":53331},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[47,53334,53336],{"id":53335},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53338,53339],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[52,53341,53343],{"className":54,"code":53342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53344,53345,53353,53357,53371,53389,53403,53429,53451,53455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53346,53347,53349,53351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53348,8061],{"class":67},[61,53350,72],{"class":71},[61,53352,8121],{"class":75},[61,53354,53355],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53356,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53360,8092],{"class":67},[61,53362,140],{"class":75},[61,53364,13834],{"class":143},[61,53366,147],{"class":75},[61,53368,2613],{"class":79},[61,53370,153],{"class":75},[61,53372,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53374,8092],{"class":67},[61,53376,140],{"class":75},[61,53378,13834],{"class":143},[61,53380,147],{"class":75},[61,53382,504],{"class":503},[61,53384,4126],{"class":507},[61,53386,504],{"class":503},[61,53388,153],{"class":75},[61,53390,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,53392,8092],{"class":67},[61,53394,140],{"class":75},[61,53396,13834],{"class":143},[61,53398,147],{"class":75},[61,53400,3885],{"class":4133},[61,53402,153],{"class":75},[61,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,53406,8092],{"class":67},[61,53408,140],{"class":75},[61,53410,13834],{"class":143},[61,53412,5809],{"class":75},[61,53414,504],{"class":503},[61,53416,7949],{"class":507},[61,53418,504],{"class":503},[61,53420,192],{"class":75},[61,53422,515],{"class":503},[61,53424,7958],{"class":507},[61,53426,504],{"class":503},[61,53428,30771],{"class":75},[61,53430,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,53432,8092],{"class":67},[61,53434,140],{"class":75},[61,53436,13834],{"class":143},[61,53438,1878],{"class":75},[61,53440,80],{"class":79},[61,53442,83],{"class":75},[61,53444,86],{"class":79},[61,53446,83],{"class":75},[61,53448,91],{"class":79},[61,53450,1887],{"class":75},[61,53452,53453],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,53454,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53456,53457,53459,53461,53463],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,53458,160],{"class":159},[61,53460,147],{"class":75},[61,53462,8092],{"class":143},[61,53464,153],{"class":75},[20,53466,1598],{},[52,53468,53470],{"className":54,"code":53469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53471,53472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53473,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53475,4182],{"class":75},[61,53477,2613],{"class":79},[61,53479,83],{"class":75},[61,53481,639],{"class":503},[61,53483,4126],{"class":507},[61,53485,630],{"class":503},[61,53487,83],{"class":75},[61,53489,4198],{"class":4133},[61,53491,83],{"class":75},[61,53493,76],{"class":75},[61,53495,630],{"class":503},[61,53497,7949],{"class":507},[61,53499,630],{"class":503},[61,53501,192],{"class":75},[61,53503,639],{"class":503},[61,53505,7958],{"class":507},[61,53507,630],{"class":503},[61,53509,53510],{"class":75},"},",[61,53512,926],{"class":75},[61,53514,80],{"class":79},[61,53516,83],{"class":75},[61,53518,86],{"class":79},[61,53520,83],{"class":75},[61,53522,91],{"class":79},[61,53524,53525],{"class":75},"]]\n",[20,53527,53528,53529,42433,53531,140],{},"A list added with ",[15,53530,52935],{},[39,53532,53533],{},"one single item",[52,53535,53537],{"className":54,"code":53536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53538,53539,53555,53573,53577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53540,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53542,900],{"class":67},[61,53544,72],{"class":71},[61,53546,926],{"class":75},[61,53548,80],{"class":79},[61,53550,83],{"class":75},[61,53552,86],{"class":79},[61,53554,943],{"class":75},[61,53556,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53558,3929],{"class":67},[61,53560,140],{"class":75},[61,53562,13834],{"class":143},[61,53564,1878],{"class":75},[61,53566,107],{"class":79},[61,53568,83],{"class":75},[61,53570,112],{"class":79},[61,53572,1887],{"class":75},[61,53574,53575],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53576,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53578,53579,53581,53583,53585],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53580,160],{"class":159},[61,53582,147],{"class":75},[61,53584,3929],{"class":143},[61,53586,153],{"class":75},[20,53588,1598],{},[52,53590,53592],{"className":54,"code":53591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53593,53594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53597,4182],{"class":75},[61,53599,80],{"class":79},[61,53601,83],{"class":75},[61,53603,86],{"class":79},[61,53605,83],{"class":75},[61,53607,926],{"class":75},[61,53609,107],{"class":79},[61,53611,83],{"class":75},[61,53613,112],{"class":79},[61,53615,53525],{"class":75},[20,53617,462,53618,53621],{},[15,53619,53620],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53623,53624,53625,53631],{},"This is different from ",[214,53626,53628],{"href":53627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53629,53630],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[47,53633,53635],{"id":53634},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53637,53638],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[887,53640,716,53642],{"id":53641},"using-append",[15,53643,52935],{},[52,53645,53646],{"className":54,"code":53536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53647,53648,53664,53682,53686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53649,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53651,900],{"class":67},[61,53653,72],{"class":71},[61,53655,926],{"class":75},[61,53657,80],{"class":79},[61,53659,83],{"class":75},[61,53661,86],{"class":79},[61,53663,943],{"class":75},[61,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53667,3929],{"class":67},[61,53669,140],{"class":75},[61,53671,13834],{"class":143},[61,53673,1878],{"class":75},[61,53675,107],{"class":79},[61,53677,83],{"class":75},[61,53679,112],{"class":79},[61,53681,1887],{"class":75},[61,53683,53684],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53685,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53687,53688,53690,53692,53694],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53689,160],{"class":159},[61,53691,147],{"class":75},[61,53693,3929],{"class":143},[61,53695,153],{"class":75},[20,53697,1598],{},[52,53699,53700],{"className":54,"code":53591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53701,53702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53703,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53705,4182],{"class":75},[61,53707,80],{"class":79},[61,53709,83],{"class":75},[61,53711,86],{"class":79},[61,53713,83],{"class":75},[61,53715,926],{"class":75},[61,53717,107],{"class":79},[61,53719,83],{"class":75},[61,53721,112],{"class":79},[61,53723,53525],{"class":75},[887,53725,716,53727],{"id":53726},"using-extend",[15,53728,53729],{},"extend()",[52,53731,53733],{"className":54,"code":53732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53734,53735,53751,53770,53774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53736,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53738,900],{"class":67},[61,53740,72],{"class":71},[61,53742,926],{"class":75},[61,53744,80],{"class":79},[61,53746,83],{"class":75},[61,53748,86],{"class":79},[61,53750,943],{"class":75},[61,53752,53753,53755,53757,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53754,3929],{"class":67},[61,53756,140],{"class":75},[61,53758,53759],{"class":143},"extend",[61,53761,1878],{"class":75},[61,53763,107],{"class":79},[61,53765,83],{"class":75},[61,53767,112],{"class":79},[61,53769,1887],{"class":75},[61,53771,53772],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53773,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53777,160],{"class":159},[61,53779,147],{"class":75},[61,53781,3929],{"class":143},[61,53783,153],{"class":75},[20,53785,1598],{},[52,53787,53789],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53790,53791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53794,4182],{"class":75},[61,53796,80],{"class":79},[61,53798,83],{"class":75},[61,53800,86],{"class":79},[61,53802,83],{"class":75},[61,53804,91],{"class":79},[61,53806,83],{"class":75},[61,53808,112],{"class":79},[61,53810,943],{"class":75},[20,53812,53813],{},"The difference:",[29,53815,53816,53822,53828,53833],{},[32,53817,53818,53821],{},[15,53819,53820],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[32,53823,53824,53827],{},[15,53825,53826],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[32,53829,1503,53830,53832],{},[15,53831,52935],{}," for one item",[32,53834,1503,53835,53837],{},[15,53836,53729],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53839,53840,53841,140],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[214,53842,53843],{"href":53627},"Python list extend() method",[47,53845,1520],{"id":1519},[887,53847,53849],{"id":53848},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53851,25966],{},[52,53853,53855],{"className":54,"code":53854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53856,53857,53877,53895,53899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53858,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53860,8061],{"class":67},[61,53862,72],{"class":71},[61,53864,926],{"class":75},[61,53866,80],{"class":79},[61,53868,83],{"class":75},[61,53870,86],{"class":79},[61,53872,83],{"class":75},[61,53874,91],{"class":79},[61,53876,943],{"class":75},[61,53878,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53880,8061],{"class":67},[61,53882,72],{"class":71},[61,53884,6246],{"class":67},[61,53886,140],{"class":75},[61,53888,13834],{"class":143},[61,53890,147],{"class":75},[61,53892,788],{"class":79},[61,53894,153],{"class":75},[61,53896,53897],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53898,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53900,53901,53903,53905,53907],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53902,160],{"class":159},[61,53904,147],{"class":75},[61,53906,8092],{"class":143},[61,53908,153],{"class":75},[20,53910,1598],{},[52,53912,53913],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53914,53915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53916,53917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53918,12088],{"class":4133},[20,53920,12180],{},[29,53922,53923,53928,53934],{},[32,53924,53925,53927],{},[15,53926,52935],{}," changes the list in place",[32,53929,53930,2680,53932],{},[15,53931,52935],{},[15,53933,4058],{},[32,53935,53936,53937,53940,53941],{},"So ",[15,53938,53939],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53942,4058],{},[20,53944,11087],{},[52,53946,53948],{"className":54,"code":53947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53949,53950,53970,53984,53988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53951,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53953,8061],{"class":67},[61,53955,72],{"class":71},[61,53957,926],{"class":75},[61,53959,80],{"class":79},[61,53961,83],{"class":75},[61,53963,86],{"class":79},[61,53965,83],{"class":75},[61,53967,91],{"class":79},[61,53969,943],{"class":75},[61,53971,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980,53982],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53973,8092],{"class":67},[61,53975,140],{"class":75},[61,53977,13834],{"class":143},[61,53979,147],{"class":75},[61,53981,788],{"class":79},[61,53983,153],{"class":75},[61,53985,53986],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,53987,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,53989,53990,53992,53994,53996],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,53991,160],{"class":159},[61,53993,147],{"class":75},[61,53995,8092],{"class":143},[61,53997,153],{"class":75},[20,53999,1598],{},[52,54001,54002],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54003,54004],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54005,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54007,4182],{"class":75},[61,54009,80],{"class":79},[61,54011,83],{"class":75},[61,54013,86],{"class":79},[61,54015,83],{"class":75},[61,54017,91],{"class":79},[61,54019,83],{"class":75},[61,54021,112],{"class":79},[61,54023,943],{"class":75},[887,54025,54027],{"id":54026},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54029,19192],{},[52,54031,54033],{"className":54,"code":54032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54034,54035,54059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54036,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54038,32158],{"class":67},[61,54040,72],{"class":71},[61,54042,926],{"class":75},[61,54044,80],{"class":79},[61,54046,83],{"class":75},[61,54048,86],{"class":79},[61,54050,13831],{"class":75},[61,54052,13834],{"class":143},[61,54054,147],{"class":75},[61,54056,107],{"class":79},[61,54058,153],{"class":75},[61,54060,54061,54063,54065,54067],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54062,160],{"class":159},[61,54064,147],{"class":75},[61,54066,32177],{"class":143},[61,54068,153],{"class":75},[20,54070,1598],{},[52,54072,54073],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54074,54075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54076,54077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54078,12088],{"class":4133},[20,54080,54081,54082,54084],{},"Remember: ",[15,54083,52935],{}," updates the list you already have.",[887,54086,54088],{"id":54087},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[52,54090,54091],{"className":54,"code":53536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54092,54093,54109,54127,54131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54094,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54096,900],{"class":67},[61,54098,72],{"class":71},[61,54100,926],{"class":75},[61,54102,80],{"class":79},[61,54104,83],{"class":75},[61,54106,86],{"class":79},[61,54108,943],{"class":75},[61,54110,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54112,3929],{"class":67},[61,54114,140],{"class":75},[61,54116,13834],{"class":143},[61,54118,1878],{"class":75},[61,54120,107],{"class":79},[61,54122,83],{"class":75},[61,54124,112],{"class":79},[61,54126,1887],{"class":75},[61,54128,54129],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54130,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54132,54133,54135,54137,54139],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54134,160],{"class":159},[61,54136,147],{"class":75},[61,54138,3929],{"class":143},[61,54140,153],{"class":75},[20,54142,1598],{},[52,54144,54145],{"className":54,"code":53591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54146,54147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54148,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163,54165,54167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54150,4182],{"class":75},[61,54152,80],{"class":79},[61,54154,83],{"class":75},[61,54156,86],{"class":79},[61,54158,83],{"class":75},[61,54160,926],{"class":75},[61,54162,107],{"class":79},[61,54164,83],{"class":75},[61,54166,112],{"class":79},[61,54168,53525],{"class":75},[20,54170,3450,54171,54174,54175,6910],{},[15,54172,54173],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54176,53729],{},[887,54178,54180],{"id":54179},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54182,54183,54185],{},[15,54184,52935],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54187,54188,54189,140],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[214,54190,54192],{"href":54191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54193,54194],{},"list.insert()",[20,54196,368],{},[52,54198,54200],{"className":54,"code":54199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54201,54202,54226,54249,54253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54205,1028],{"class":67},[61,54207,72],{"class":71},[61,54209,926],{"class":75},[61,54211,504],{"class":503},[61,54213,214],{"class":507},[61,54215,504],{"class":503},[61,54217,83],{"class":75},[61,54219,515],{"class":503},[61,54221,1071],{"class":507},[61,54223,504],{"class":503},[61,54225,943],{"class":75},[61,54227,54228,54230,54232,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54229,36419],{"class":67},[61,54231,140],{"class":75},[61,54233,54234],{"class":143},"insert",[61,54236,147],{"class":75},[61,54238,80],{"class":79},[61,54240,83],{"class":75},[61,54242,515],{"class":503},[61,54244,329],{"class":507},[61,54246,504],{"class":503},[61,54248,153],{"class":75},[61,54250,54251],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54252,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54254,54255,54257,54259,54261],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54256,160],{"class":159},[61,54258,147],{"class":75},[61,54260,36419],{"class":143},[61,54262,153],{"class":75},[20,54264,1598],{},[52,54266,54267],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54268,54269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54272,4182],{"class":75},[61,54274,630],{"class":503},[61,54276,214],{"class":507},[61,54278,630],{"class":503},[61,54280,83],{"class":75},[61,54282,639],{"class":503},[61,54284,329],{"class":507},[61,54286,630],{"class":503},[61,54288,83],{"class":75},[61,54290,639],{"class":503},[61,54292,1071],{"class":507},[61,54294,630],{"class":503},[61,54296,943],{"class":75},[47,54298,54300],{"id":54299},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54302,54303,54305],{},[15,54304,52935],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54307,36702],{},[29,54309,54310,54313,54316,54319],{},[32,54311,54312],{},"building a list in a loop",[32,54314,54315],{},"collecting user input",[32,54317,54318],{},"storing results step by step",[32,54320,54321],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54323,54324],{},"Example with a loop:",[52,54326,54328],{"className":54,"code":54327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54329,54330,54339,54343,54364,54383,54387],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54331,54332,54335,54337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54333,54334],{"class":67},"squares ",[61,54336,72],{"class":71},[61,54338,8121],{"class":75},[61,54340,54341],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54342,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54346,6238],{"class":4158},[61,54348,6666],{"class":67},[61,54350,4165],{"class":4158},[61,54352,54353],{"class":159}," range",[61,54355,147],{"class":75},[61,54357,80],{"class":79},[61,54359,83],{"class":75},[61,54361,117],{"class":79},[61,54363,8626],{"class":75},[61,54365,54366,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54367,54368],{"class":67},"    squares",[61,54370,140],{"class":75},[61,54372,13834],{"class":143},[61,54374,147],{"class":75},[61,54376,2501],{"class":143},[61,54378,40150],{"class":71},[61,54380,2481],{"class":143},[61,54382,153],{"class":75},[61,54384,54385],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,54386,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54388,54389,54391,54393,54396],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,54390,160],{"class":159},[61,54392,147],{"class":75},[61,54394,54395],{"class":143},"squares",[61,54397,153],{"class":75},[20,54399,1598],{},[52,54401,54403],{"className":54,"code":54402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54404,54405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54406,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54420,54422,54424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54408,4182],{"class":75},[61,54410,80],{"class":79},[61,54412,83],{"class":75},[61,54414,112],{"class":79},[61,54416,83],{"class":75},[61,54418,54419],{"class":79}," 9",[61,54421,83],{"class":75},[61,54423,14268],{"class":79},[61,54425,943],{"class":75},[47,54427,2109],{"id":2108},[887,54429,54431],{"id":54430},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54433,46645,54434,54436,54437,140],{},[15,54435,52935],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54438,4058],{},[887,54440,54442],{"id":54441},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54444,54445,54446,140],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[214,54447,54448],{"href":53627},[15,54449,53729],{},[887,54451,54453],{"id":54452},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54455,54456],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54458,368],{},[52,54460,54462],{"className":54,"code":54461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54463,54464,54480,54498,54502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54465,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54467,9449],{"class":67},[61,54469,72],{"class":71},[61,54471,926],{"class":75},[61,54473,80],{"class":79},[61,54475,83],{"class":75},[61,54477,86],{"class":79},[61,54479,943],{"class":75},[61,54481,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54483,9488],{"class":67},[61,54485,140],{"class":75},[61,54487,13834],{"class":143},[61,54489,1878],{"class":75},[61,54491,107],{"class":79},[61,54493,83],{"class":75},[61,54495,112],{"class":79},[61,54497,1887],{"class":75},[61,54499,54500],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54501,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54503,54504,54506,54508,54510],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54505,160],{"class":159},[61,54507,147],{"class":75},[61,54509,9488],{"class":143},[61,54511,153],{"class":75},[20,54513,1598],{},[52,54515,54516],{"className":54,"code":53591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54517,54518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54519,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54521,4182],{"class":75},[61,54523,80],{"class":79},[61,54525,83],{"class":75},[61,54527,86],{"class":79},[61,54529,83],{"class":75},[61,54531,926],{"class":75},[61,54533,107],{"class":79},[61,54535,83],{"class":75},[61,54537,112],{"class":79},[61,54539,53525],{"class":75},[887,54541,54543],{"id":54542},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54545,54546,54548,54549,54552],{},[15,54547,52935],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54550,54551],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[47,54554,2172],{"id":2171},[29,54556,54557,54562,54566,54571,54575],{},[32,54558,54559],{},[214,54560,54561],{"href":53331},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[32,54563,54564],{},[214,54565,53843],{"href":53627},[32,54567,54568],{},[214,54569,54570],{"href":54191},"Python list insert() method",[32,54572,54573],{},[214,54574,53054],{"href":51261},[32,54576,54577],{},[214,54578,54580],{"href":54579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2204,54582,54583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":54585},[54586,54587,54588,54589,54590,54591,54597,54603,54604,54610],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":53014,"depth":97,"text":53015},{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":53335,"depth":97,"text":53336},{"id":53634,"depth":97,"text":53635,"children":54592},[54593,54595],{"id":53641,"depth":122,"text":54594},"Using append()",{"id":53726,"depth":122,"text":54596},"Using extend()",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":54598},[54599,54600,54601,54602],{"id":53848,"depth":122,"text":53849},{"id":54026,"depth":122,"text":54027},{"id":54087,"depth":122,"text":54088},{"id":54179,"depth":122,"text":54180},{"id":54299,"depth":97,"text":54300},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":54605},[54606,54607,54608,54609],{"id":54430,"depth":122,"text":54431},{"id":54441,"depth":122,"text":54442},{"id":54452,"depth":122,"text":54453},{"id":54542,"depth":122,"text":54543},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52925,"description":54611},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54618,"title":54619,"body":54620,"description":55864,"extension":2249,"meta":55865,"navigation":125,"path":55866,"seo":55867,"stem":55868,"__hash__":55869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54621,"toc":55829},[54622,54628,54634,54640,54642,54690,54695,54700,54704,54720,54726,54728,54731,54746,54748,54759,54761,54763,54820,54822,54830,54832,54848,54854,54856,54862,54866,54950,54953,55002,55009,55017,55020,55034,55047,55053,55128,55135,55142,55216,55224,55227,55238,55247,55251,55255,55266,55268,55345,55366,55368,55378,55381,55429,55431,55452,55455,55457,55508,55514,55521,55588,55594,55600,55603,55630,55635,55641,55644,55716,55719,55730,55736,55738,55744,55747,55753,55759,55766,55774,55780,55786,55788,55826],[10,54623,54625,54626,18],{"id":54624},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54627,11602],{},[20,54629,54630,54633],{},[15,54631,54632],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54635,54636,54637,54639],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[39,54638,11614],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[47,54641,3890],{"id":3889},[52,54643,54645],{"className":54,"code":54644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54646,54647,54667,54677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54648,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54650,8061],{"class":67},[61,54652,72],{"class":71},[61,54654,926],{"class":75},[61,54656,80],{"class":79},[61,54658,83],{"class":75},[61,54660,86],{"class":79},[61,54662,83],{"class":75},[61,54664,91],{"class":79},[61,54666,943],{"class":75},[61,54668,54669,54671,54673,54675],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54670,8092],{"class":67},[61,54672,140],{"class":75},[61,54674,11663],{"class":143},[61,54676,8926],{"class":75},[61,54678,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54680,160],{"class":159},[61,54682,147],{"class":75},[61,54684,8092],{"class":143},[61,54686,442],{"class":75},[61,54688,54689],{"class":173},"  # []\n",[20,54691,1503,54692,54694],{},[15,54693,11602],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[47,54696,184,54698,187],{"id":54697},"what-listclear-does",[15,54699,54632],{},[20,54701,54702,192],{},[15,54703,54632],{},[29,54705,54706,54709,54712,54717],{},[32,54707,54708],{},"Removes every item from a list",[32,54710,54711],{},"Changes the original list in place",[32,54713,54714,54715],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54716,4067],{},[32,54718,54719],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54721,54722,54723,54725],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54724,11602],{},", but it contains no values.",[47,54727,221],{"id":220},[20,54729,54730],{},"Syntax:",[52,54732,54734],{"className":54,"code":54733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54735,54736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54737,54738,54740,54742,54744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54739,8623],{"class":67},[61,54741,140],{"class":75},[61,54743,11663],{"class":143},[61,54745,8926],{"class":75},[20,54747,11739],{},[29,54749,54750,54753,54756],{},[32,54751,54752],{},"Call it on a list object",[32,54754,54755],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[32,54757,54758],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[47,54760,483],{"id":482},[20,54762,11757],{},[52,54764,54766],{"className":54,"code":54765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54767,54768,54792,54796,54806,54810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54769,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54771,900],{"class":67},[61,54773,72],{"class":71},[61,54775,926],{"class":75},[61,54777,2613],{"class":79},[61,54779,83],{"class":75},[61,54781,8072],{"class":79},[61,54783,83],{"class":75},[61,54785,8077],{"class":79},[61,54787,83],{"class":75},[61,54789,51125],{"class":79},[61,54791,943],{"class":75},[61,54793,54794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54795,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54797,54798,54800,54802,54804],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54799,3929],{"class":67},[61,54801,140],{"class":75},[61,54803,11663],{"class":143},[61,54805,8926],{"class":75},[61,54807,54808],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54809,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54811,54812,54814,54816,54818],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,54813,160],{"class":159},[61,54815,147],{"class":75},[61,54817,3929],{"class":143},[61,54819,153],{"class":75},[20,54821,1598],{},[52,54823,54824],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54825,54826],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54827,54828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54829,38574],{"class":75},[20,54831,11963],{},[29,54833,54834,54839,54845],{},[32,54835,54836,54838],{},[15,54837,3929],{}," starts with four items",[32,54840,54841,54844],{},[15,54842,54843],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[32,54846,54847],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54849,54850,54851,140],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[214,54852,53054],{"href":54853},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[47,54855,17698],{"id":17697},[20,54857,54858,2680,54860,140],{},[15,54859,11602],{},[15,54861,4058],{},[20,54863,41184,54864,52950],{},[39,54865,4909],{},[52,54867,54869],{"className":54,"code":54868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54870,54871,54903,54907,54921,54925,54938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54872,54873,54875,54877,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891,54893,54895,54897,54899,54901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54874,8061],{"class":67},[61,54876,72],{"class":71},[61,54878,926],{"class":75},[61,54880,504],{"class":503},[61,54882,214],{"class":507},[61,54884,504],{"class":503},[61,54886,83],{"class":75},[61,54888,515],{"class":503},[61,54890,329],{"class":507},[61,54892,504],{"class":503},[61,54894,83],{"class":75},[61,54896,515],{"class":503},[61,54898,1071],{"class":507},[61,54900,504],{"class":503},[61,54902,943],{"class":75},[61,54904,54905],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54906,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54908,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54910,132],{"class":67},[61,54912,72],{"class":71},[61,54914,6246],{"class":67},[61,54916,140],{"class":75},[61,54918,11663],{"class":143},[61,54920,8926],{"class":75},[61,54922,54923],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,54924,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,54926,54927,54929,54931,54933,54935],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,54928,160],{"class":159},[61,54930,147],{"class":75},[61,54932,8092],{"class":143},[61,54934,442],{"class":75},[61,54936,54937],{"class":173},"   # []\n",[61,54939,54940,54942,54944,54946,54948],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,54941,160],{"class":159},[61,54943,147],{"class":75},[61,54945,165],{"class":143},[61,54947,442],{"class":75},[61,54949,21155],{"class":173},[20,54951,54952],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[52,54954,54956],{"className":54,"code":54955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54957,54958,54978,54992],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54959,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54961,8061],{"class":67},[61,54963,72],{"class":71},[61,54965,926],{"class":75},[61,54967,80],{"class":79},[61,54969,83],{"class":75},[61,54971,86],{"class":79},[61,54973,83],{"class":75},[61,54975,91],{"class":79},[61,54977,943],{"class":75},[61,54979,54980,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54981,8061],{"class":67},[61,54983,72],{"class":71},[61,54985,6246],{"class":67},[61,54987,140],{"class":75},[61,54989,11663],{"class":143},[61,54991,8926],{"class":75},[61,54993,54994,54996,54998,55000],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,54995,160],{"class":159},[61,54997,147],{"class":75},[61,54999,8092],{"class":143},[61,55001,153],{"class":75},[20,55003,12196,55004,42433,55006,55008],{},[15,55005,8092],{},[15,55007,4058],{},", not an empty list.",[47,55010,55012,55014,55015],{"id":55011},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55013,11602],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55016,4067],{},[20,55018,55019],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[52,55021,55022],{"className":54,"code":54733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,55023,55024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55025,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55027,8623],{"class":67},[61,55029,140],{"class":75},[61,55031,11663],{"class":143},[61,55033,8926],{"class":75},[52,55035,55037],{"className":54,"code":55036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n",[15,55038,55039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55040,55041,55043,55045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55042,8592],{"class":67},[61,55044,72],{"class":71},[61,55046,8121],{"class":75},[887,55048,55050,55052],{"id":55049},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55051,11602],{}," empties the same list object",[52,55054,55056],{"className":54,"code":55055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55057,55058,55078,55086,55090,55100,55104,55116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55059,55060,55062,55064,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55061,37],{"class":67},[61,55063,72],{"class":71},[61,55065,926],{"class":75},[61,55067,80],{"class":79},[61,55069,83],{"class":75},[61,55071,86],{"class":79},[61,55073,83],{"class":75},[61,55075,91],{"class":79},[61,55077,943],{"class":75},[61,55079,55080,55082,55084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55081,294],{"class":67},[61,55083,72],{"class":71},[61,55085,36451],{"class":67},[61,55087,55088],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55089,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55091,55092,55094,55096,55098],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55093,214],{"class":67},[61,55095,140],{"class":75},[61,55097,11663],{"class":143},[61,55099,8926],{"class":75},[61,55101,55102],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55103,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55105,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,55107,160],{"class":159},[61,55109,147],{"class":75},[61,55111,214],{"class":143},[61,55113,442],{"class":75},[61,55115,54689],{"class":173},[61,55117,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,55119,160],{"class":159},[61,55121,147],{"class":75},[61,55123,329],{"class":143},[61,55125,442],{"class":75},[61,55127,54689],{"class":173},[20,55129,10870,55130,700,55132,55134],{},[15,55131,214],{},[15,55133,329],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[887,55136,55138,55141],{"id":55137},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55139,55140],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[52,55143,55145],{"className":54,"code":55144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55146,55147,55167,55175,55179,55187,55191,55203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159,55161,55163,55165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55150,37],{"class":67},[61,55152,72],{"class":71},[61,55154,926],{"class":75},[61,55156,80],{"class":79},[61,55158,83],{"class":75},[61,55160,86],{"class":79},[61,55162,83],{"class":75},[61,55164,91],{"class":79},[61,55166,943],{"class":75},[61,55168,55169,55171,55173],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55170,294],{"class":67},[61,55172,72],{"class":71},[61,55174,36451],{"class":67},[61,55176,55177],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55178,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55180,55181,55183,55185],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55182,37],{"class":67},[61,55184,72],{"class":71},[61,55186,8121],{"class":75},[61,55188,55189],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55190,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55192,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,55194,160],{"class":159},[61,55196,147],{"class":75},[61,55198,214],{"class":143},[61,55200,442],{"class":75},[61,55202,54689],{"class":173},[61,55204,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,55206,160],{"class":159},[61,55208,147],{"class":75},[61,55210,329],{"class":143},[61,55212,442],{"class":75},[61,55214,55215],{"class":173},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55217,21050,55218,55220,55221,55223],{},[15,55219,214],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55222,329],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55225,55226],{},"This difference matters when:",[29,55228,55229,55232,55235],{},[32,55230,55231],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[32,55233,55234],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[32,55236,55237],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55239,55240,55241,140],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[214,55242,55244,55245,1516],{"href":55243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55246,13057],{},[47,55248,5240,55249],{"id":12718},[15,55250,11602],{},[20,55252,1503,55253,6597],{},[15,55254,11602],{},[29,55256,55257,55260,55263],{},[32,55258,55259],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[32,55261,55262],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[32,55264,55265],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55267,368],{},[52,55269,55271],{"className":54,"code":55270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55272,55273,55309,55313,55318,55329,55333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55274,55275,55278,55280,55282,55284,55287,55289,55291,55293,55296,55298,55300,55302,55305,55307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55276,55277],{"class":67},"shopping_cart ",[61,55279,72],{"class":71},[61,55281,926],{"class":75},[61,55283,504],{"class":503},[61,55285,55286],{"class":507},"milk",[61,55288,504],{"class":503},[61,55290,83],{"class":75},[61,55292,515],{"class":503},[61,55294,55295],{"class":507},"bread",[61,55297,504],{"class":503},[61,55299,83],{"class":75},[61,55301,515],{"class":503},[61,55303,55304],{"class":507},"eggs",[61,55306,504],{"class":503},[61,55308,943],{"class":75},[61,55310,55311],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55312,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55314,55315],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55316,55317],{"class":173},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[61,55319,55320,55323,55325,55327],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55321,55322],{"class":67},"shopping_cart",[61,55324,140],{"class":75},[61,55326,11663],{"class":143},[61,55328,8926],{"class":75},[61,55330,55331],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55332,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,55336,160],{"class":159},[61,55338,147],{"class":75},[61,55340,55322],{"class":143},[61,55342,442],{"class":75},[61,55344,54689],{"class":173},[20,55346,55347,55348,55352,55353,55359,55360,140],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[214,55349,55351],{"href":55350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[214,55354,55356,1516],{"href":55355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55357,55358],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[214,55361,55363,1516],{"href":55362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55364,55365],{},"list.pop()",[47,55367,1520],{"id":1519},[887,55369,55371,55372,11372,55375],{"id":55370},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55373,55374],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55376,55377],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55379,55380],{},"This does not call the method.",[52,55382,55384],{"className":54,"code":55383,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55385,55386,55406,55410,55419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55387,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55389,8061],{"class":67},[61,55391,72],{"class":71},[61,55393,926],{"class":75},[61,55395,80],{"class":79},[61,55397,83],{"class":75},[61,55399,86],{"class":79},[61,55401,83],{"class":75},[61,55403,91],{"class":79},[61,55405,943],{"class":75},[61,55407,55408],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55409,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55411,55412,55414,55416],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55413,8092],{"class":67},[61,55415,140],{"class":75},[61,55417,55418],{"class":2103},"clear\n",[61,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55422,160],{"class":159},[61,55424,147],{"class":75},[61,55426,8092],{"class":143},[61,55428,153],{"class":75},[20,55430,1598],{},[52,55432,55434],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55435,55436],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55437,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55439,4182],{"class":75},[61,55441,80],{"class":79},[61,55443,83],{"class":75},[61,55445,86],{"class":79},[61,55447,83],{"class":75},[61,55449,91],{"class":79},[61,55451,943],{"class":75},[20,55453,55454],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55456,11087],{},[52,55458,55460],{"className":54,"code":55459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55461,55462,55482,55486,55496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55463,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55465,8061],{"class":67},[61,55467,72],{"class":71},[61,55469,926],{"class":75},[61,55471,80],{"class":79},[61,55473,83],{"class":75},[61,55475,86],{"class":79},[61,55477,83],{"class":75},[61,55479,91],{"class":79},[61,55481,943],{"class":75},[61,55483,55484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55485,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55487,55488,55490,55492,55494],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55489,8092],{"class":67},[61,55491,140],{"class":75},[61,55493,11663],{"class":143},[61,55495,8926],{"class":75},[61,55497,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55499,160],{"class":159},[61,55501,147],{"class":75},[61,55503,8092],{"class":143},[61,55505,442],{"class":75},[61,55507,54689],{"class":173},[887,55509,1524,55511,55513],{"id":55510},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55512,11602],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55515,55516,2680,55518,55520],{},[15,55517,11602],{},[15,55519,4058],{},", not the list.",[52,55522,55524],{"className":54,"code":55523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55525,55526,55546,55560,55564,55576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55527,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55529,8061],{"class":67},[61,55531,72],{"class":71},[61,55533,926],{"class":75},[61,55535,80],{"class":79},[61,55537,83],{"class":75},[61,55539,86],{"class":79},[61,55541,83],{"class":75},[61,55543,91],{"class":79},[61,55545,943],{"class":75},[61,55547,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55549,132],{"class":67},[61,55551,72],{"class":71},[61,55553,6246],{"class":67},[61,55555,140],{"class":75},[61,55557,11663],{"class":143},[61,55559,8926],{"class":75},[61,55561,55562],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55563,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55565,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55567,160],{"class":159},[61,55569,147],{"class":75},[61,55571,165],{"class":143},[61,55573,442],{"class":75},[61,55575,21155],{"class":173},[61,55577,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55579,160],{"class":159},[61,55581,147],{"class":75},[61,55583,8092],{"class":143},[61,55585,442],{"class":75},[61,55587,54937],{"class":173},[887,55589,716,55591,55593],{"id":55590},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55592,11602],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55595,55596,55597,55599],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55598,11602],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55601,55602],{},"This will fail:",[52,55604,55606],{"className":54,"code":55605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55607,55608,55620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55609,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55611,34962],{"class":67},[61,55613,72],{"class":71},[61,55615,515],{"class":503},[61,55617,4126],{"class":507},[61,55619,3639],{"class":503},[61,55621,55622,55624,55626,55628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55623,34983],{"class":67},[61,55625,140],{"class":75},[61,55627,11663],{"class":143},[61,55629,8926],{"class":75},[20,55631,55632,55633,33875],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55634,11602],{},[20,55636,55637,55638,55640],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55639,4058],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55642,55643],{},"Useful checks:",[52,55645,55647],{"className":54,"code":55646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55648,55649,55659,55673,55687,55696,55706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55650,55651,55653,55655,55657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55652,160],{"class":159},[61,55654,147],{"class":75},[61,55656,8623],{"class":143},[61,55658,153],{"class":75},[61,55660,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55662,160],{"class":159},[61,55664,147],{"class":75},[61,55666,2072],{"class":2071},[61,55668,147],{"class":75},[61,55670,8623],{"class":143},[61,55672,1761],{"class":75},[61,55674,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55676,160],{"class":159},[61,55678,147],{"class":75},[61,55680,12930],{"class":159},[61,55682,147],{"class":75},[61,55684,8623],{"class":143},[61,55686,1761],{"class":75},[61,55688,55689,55691,55693],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55690,43828],{"class":67},[61,55692,72],{"class":71},[61,55694,55695],{"class":67}," my_list\n",[61,55697,55698,55700,55702,55704],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55699,8623],{"class":67},[61,55701,140],{"class":75},[61,55703,11663],{"class":143},[61,55705,8926],{"class":75},[61,55707,55708,55710,55712,55714],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,55709,160],{"class":159},[61,55711,147],{"class":75},[61,55713,31018],{"class":143},[61,55715,153],{"class":75},[20,55717,55718],{},"These can help you see:",[29,55720,55721,55724,55727],{},[32,55722,55723],{},"What the variable currently contains",[32,55725,55726],{},"Whether it is really a list",[32,55728,55729],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55731,55732,55733,140],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[214,55734,55735],{"href":54579},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[47,55737,2109],{"id":2108},[887,55739,2113,55741,55743],{"id":55740},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55742,54632],{}," delete the list?",[20,55745,55746],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[887,55748,2113,55750,55752],{"id":55749},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55751,54632],{}," return a new list?",[20,55754,55755,55756,55758],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55757,4058],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[887,55760,2153,55762,700,55764,2159],{"id":55761},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55763,11602],{},[15,55765,55140],{},[20,55767,55768,55770,55771,55773],{},[15,55769,11602],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55772,55140],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[887,55775,2133,55777,55779],{"id":55776},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55778,11602],{}," on other types?",[20,55781,55782,55783,55785],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55784,11602],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[47,55787,2172],{"id":2171},[29,55789,55790,55794,55799,55806,55813,55819],{},[32,55791,55792],{},[214,55793,53054],{"href":54853},[32,55795,55796],{},[214,55797,55798],{"href":55350},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[32,55800,55801],{},[214,55802,55803,55804,1516],{"href":55362},"Python list ",[15,55805,13043],{},[32,55807,55808],{},[214,55809,55803,55810,1516],{"href":55355},[15,55811,55812],{},"remove()",[32,55814,55815],{},[214,55816,55803,55817,1516],{"href":55243},[15,55818,13057],{},[32,55820,55821],{},[214,55822,30623,55823,33908],{"href":54579},[15,55824,55825],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2204,55827,55828],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":55830},[55831,55832,55834,55835,55836,55837,55844,55845,55853,55863],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":54697,"depth":97,"text":55833},"What list.clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":55011,"depth":97,"text":55838,"children":55839},"clear() vs assigning []",[55840,55842],{"id":55049,"depth":122,"text":55841},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55137,"depth":122,"text":55843},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12718,"depth":97,"text":13089},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":55846},[55847,55849,55851],{"id":55370,"depth":122,"text":55848},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55510,"depth":122,"text":55850},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55590,"depth":122,"text":55852},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":55854},[55855,55857,55859,55861],{"id":55740,"depth":122,"text":55856},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55749,"depth":122,"text":55858},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55761,"depth":122,"text":55860},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55776,"depth":122,"text":55862},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54619,"description":55864},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55871,"title":55872,"body":55873,"description":57557,"extension":2249,"meta":57558,"navigation":125,"path":57559,"seo":57560,"stem":57561,"__hash__":57562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55874,"toc":57525},[55875,55880,55886,55894,55896,55985,55992,55997,56001,56015,56017,56094,56096,56157,56160,56162,56164,56185,56188,56202,56205,56250,56252,56260,56263,56269,56275,56278,56355,56357,56402,56405,56410,56493,56495,56536,56541,56545,56551,56553,56561,56564,56657,56659,56717,56720,56736,56741,56751,56756,56758,56763,56768,56771,56773,56830,56833,56886,56892,56897,56901,56918,56920,57004,57006,57047,57055,57057,57062,57068,57070,57133,57138,57207,57211,57246,57249,57251,57290,57294,57370,57376,57382,57387,57409,57412,57431,57439,57441,57447,57450,57457,57465,57470,57473,57477,57483,57491,57494,57496,57522],[10,55876,54625,55878,18],{"id":55877},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55879,13057],{},[20,55881,55882,55885],{},[15,55883,55884],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55887,55888,55889,14334,55891,55893],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55890,72],{},[39,55892,4909],{}," make a real copy.",[47,55895,50],{"id":49},[52,55897,55899],{"className":54,"code":55898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55900,55901,55921,55936,55940,55955,55959,55972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55902,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55904,900],{"class":67},[61,55906,72],{"class":71},[61,55908,926],{"class":75},[61,55910,80],{"class":79},[61,55912,83],{"class":75},[61,55914,86],{"class":79},[61,55916,83],{"class":75},[61,55918,91],{"class":79},[61,55920,943],{"class":75},[61,55922,55923,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55924,55925],{"class":67},"new_numbers ",[61,55927,72],{"class":71},[61,55929,956],{"class":67},[61,55931,140],{"class":75},[61,55933,13192],{"class":143},[61,55935,8926],{"class":75},[61,55937,55938],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,55939,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55941,55942,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,55943,55944],{"class":67},"new_numbers",[61,55946,140],{"class":75},[61,55948,13834],{"class":143},[61,55950,147],{"class":75},[61,55952,788],{"class":79},[61,55954,153],{"class":75},[61,55956,55957],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,55958,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,55960,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,55962,160],{"class":159},[61,55964,147],{"class":75},[61,55966,3929],{"class":143},[61,55968,442],{"class":75},[61,55970,55971],{"class":173},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,55973,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,55975,160],{"class":159},[61,55977,147],{"class":75},[61,55979,55944],{"class":143},[61,55981,442],{"class":75},[61,55983,55984],{"class":173},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55986,1503,55987,55989,55990,140],{},[15,55988,55884],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[39,55991,13131],{},[47,55993,184,55995,187],{"id":55994},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55996,55884],{},[20,55998,55999,192],{},[15,56000,55884],{},[29,56002,56003,56006,56009,56012],{},[32,56004,56005],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[32,56007,56008],{},"Returns that new list",[32,56010,56011],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[32,56013,56014],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56016,368],{},[52,56018,56020],{"className":54,"code":56019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56021,56022,56054,56069,56073,56083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56023,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56025,36515],{"class":67},[61,56027,72],{"class":71},[61,56029,926],{"class":75},[61,56031,504],{"class":503},[61,56033,508],{"class":507},[61,56035,504],{"class":503},[61,56037,83],{"class":75},[61,56039,515],{"class":503},[61,56041,518],{"class":507},[61,56043,504],{"class":503},[61,56045,83],{"class":75},[61,56047,515],{"class":503},[61,56049,527],{"class":507},[61,56051,504],{"class":503},[61,56053,943],{"class":75},[61,56055,56056,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56057,56058],{"class":67},"copied_fruits ",[61,56060,72],{"class":71},[61,56062,53134],{"class":67},[61,56064,140],{"class":75},[61,56066,13192],{"class":143},[61,56068,8926],{"class":75},[61,56070,56071],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56072,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56074,56075,56077,56079,56081],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56076,160],{"class":159},[61,56078,147],{"class":75},[61,56080,36567],{"class":143},[61,56082,153],{"class":75},[61,56084,56085,56087,56089,56092],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,56086,160],{"class":159},[61,56088,147],{"class":75},[61,56090,56091],{"class":143},"copied_fruits",[61,56093,153],{"class":75},[20,56095,1598],{},[52,56097,56099],{"className":54,"code":56098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56100,56101,56129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56102,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56104,4182],{"class":75},[61,56106,630],{"class":503},[61,56108,508],{"class":507},[61,56110,630],{"class":503},[61,56112,83],{"class":75},[61,56114,639],{"class":503},[61,56116,518],{"class":507},[61,56118,630],{"class":503},[61,56120,83],{"class":75},[61,56122,639],{"class":503},[61,56124,527],{"class":507},[61,56126,630],{"class":503},[61,56128,943],{"class":75},[61,56130,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56132,4182],{"class":75},[61,56134,630],{"class":503},[61,56136,508],{"class":507},[61,56138,630],{"class":503},[61,56140,83],{"class":75},[61,56142,639],{"class":503},[61,56144,518],{"class":507},[61,56146,630],{"class":503},[61,56148,83],{"class":75},[61,56150,639],{"class":503},[61,56152,527],{"class":507},[61,56154,630],{"class":503},[61,56156,943],{"class":75},[20,56158,56159],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[47,56161,221],{"id":220},[20,56163,2444],{},[52,56165,56167],{"className":54,"code":56166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56168,56169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56170,56171,56174,56176,56179,56181,56183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56172,56173],{"class":67},"new_list ",[61,56175,72],{"class":71},[61,56177,56178],{"class":67}," old_list",[61,56180,140],{"class":75},[61,56182,13192],{"class":143},[61,56184,8926],{"class":75},[20,56186,56187],{},"How it works:",[29,56189,56190,56196,56199],{},[32,56191,56192,56193,56195],{},"Call ",[15,56194,13057],{}," on an existing list",[32,56197,56198],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[32,56200,56201],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56203,56204],{},"Example with an empty list:",[52,56206,56208],{"className":54,"code":56207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56209,56210,56219,56235,56239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56211,56212,56215,56217],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56213,56214],{"class":67},"empty_list ",[61,56216,72],{"class":71},[61,56218,8121],{"class":75},[61,56220,56221,56224,56226,56229,56231,56233],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56222,56223],{"class":67},"new_empty_list ",[61,56225,72],{"class":71},[61,56227,56228],{"class":67}," empty_list",[61,56230,140],{"class":75},[61,56232,13192],{"class":143},[61,56234,8926],{"class":75},[61,56236,56237],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56238,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56240,56241,56243,56245,56248],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56242,160],{"class":159},[61,56244,147],{"class":75},[61,56246,56247],{"class":143},"new_empty_list",[61,56249,153],{"class":75},[20,56251,1598],{},[52,56253,56254],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,56255,56256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56257,56258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56259,38574],{"class":75},[20,56261,56262],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[47,56264,56266,56267],{"id":56265},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56268,72],{},[20,56270,716,56271,14334,56273,52950],{},[15,56272,72],{},[39,56274,4909],{},[20,56276,56277],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[52,56279,56281],{"className":54,"code":56280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56282,56283,56303,56312,56316,56331,56335,56345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56284,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56286,900],{"class":67},[61,56288,72],{"class":71},[61,56290,926],{"class":75},[61,56292,80],{"class":79},[61,56294,83],{"class":75},[61,56296,86],{"class":79},[61,56298,83],{"class":75},[61,56300,91],{"class":79},[61,56302,943],{"class":75},[61,56304,56305,56308,56310],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56306,56307],{"class":67},"same_list ",[61,56309,72],{"class":71},[61,56311,44261],{"class":67},[61,56313,56314],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56315,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56317,56318,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56319,56320],{"class":67},"same_list",[61,56322,140],{"class":75},[61,56324,13834],{"class":143},[61,56326,147],{"class":75},[61,56328,788],{"class":79},[61,56330,153],{"class":75},[61,56332,56333],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,56334,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,56338,160],{"class":159},[61,56340,147],{"class":75},[61,56342,3929],{"class":143},[61,56344,153],{"class":75},[61,56346,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,56348,160],{"class":159},[61,56350,147],{"class":75},[61,56352,56320],{"class":143},[61,56354,153],{"class":75},[20,56356,1598],{},[52,56358,56360],{"className":54,"code":56359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56361,56362,56382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56363,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56365,4182],{"class":75},[61,56367,80],{"class":79},[61,56369,83],{"class":75},[61,56371,86],{"class":79},[61,56373,83],{"class":75},[61,56375,91],{"class":79},[61,56377,83],{"class":75},[61,56379,112],{"class":79},[61,56381,943],{"class":75},[61,56383,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56385,4182],{"class":75},[61,56387,80],{"class":79},[61,56389,83],{"class":75},[61,56391,86],{"class":79},[61,56393,83],{"class":75},[61,56395,91],{"class":79},[61,56397,83],{"class":75},[61,56399,112],{"class":79},[61,56401,943],{"class":75},[20,56403,56404],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56406,56407,56408,192],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56409,13057],{},[52,56411,56413],{"className":54,"code":56412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56414,56415,56435,56450,56454,56469,56473,56483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56416,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56418,900],{"class":67},[61,56420,72],{"class":71},[61,56422,926],{"class":75},[61,56424,80],{"class":79},[61,56426,83],{"class":75},[61,56428,86],{"class":79},[61,56430,83],{"class":75},[61,56432,91],{"class":79},[61,56434,943],{"class":75},[61,56436,56437,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56438,56439],{"class":67},"copied_numbers ",[61,56441,72],{"class":71},[61,56443,956],{"class":67},[61,56445,140],{"class":75},[61,56447,13192],{"class":143},[61,56449,8926],{"class":75},[61,56451,56452],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56453,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56455,56456,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56457,56458],{"class":67},"copied_numbers",[61,56460,140],{"class":75},[61,56462,13834],{"class":143},[61,56464,147],{"class":75},[61,56466,788],{"class":79},[61,56468,153],{"class":75},[61,56470,56471],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,56472,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56474,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,56476,160],{"class":159},[61,56478,147],{"class":75},[61,56480,3929],{"class":143},[61,56482,153],{"class":75},[61,56484,56485,56487,56489,56491],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,56486,160],{"class":159},[61,56488,147],{"class":75},[61,56490,56458],{"class":143},[61,56492,153],{"class":75},[20,56494,1598],{},[52,56496,56498],{"className":54,"code":56497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56499,56500,56516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56501,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56503,4182],{"class":75},[61,56505,80],{"class":79},[61,56507,83],{"class":75},[61,56509,86],{"class":79},[61,56511,83],{"class":75},[61,56513,91],{"class":79},[61,56515,943],{"class":75},[61,56517,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56519,4182],{"class":75},[61,56521,80],{"class":79},[61,56523,83],{"class":75},[61,56525,86],{"class":79},[61,56527,83],{"class":75},[61,56529,91],{"class":79},[61,56531,83],{"class":75},[61,56533,112],{"class":79},[61,56535,943],{"class":75},[20,56537,56538,56539,140],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[214,56540,53054],{"href":51261},[47,56542,56544],{"id":56543},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56546,56547,13128,56549,140],{},[15,56548,55884],{},[39,56550,13131],{},[20,56552,2392],{},[29,56554,56555,56558],{},[32,56556,56557],{},"The outer list is new",[32,56559,56560],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56562,56563],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[52,56565,56567],{"className":54,"code":56566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56568,56569,56596,56610,56614,56633,56637,56647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56570,56571,56573,56575,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56572,12366],{"class":67},[61,56574,72],{"class":71},[61,56576,56577],{"class":75}," [[",[61,56579,80],{"class":79},[61,56581,83],{"class":75},[61,56583,86],{"class":79},[61,56585,18342],{"class":75},[61,56587,926],{"class":75},[61,56589,107],{"class":79},[61,56591,83],{"class":75},[61,56593,112],{"class":79},[61,56595,53525],{"class":75},[61,56597,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56599,14592],{"class":67},[61,56601,72],{"class":71},[61,56603,12441],{"class":67},[61,56605,140],{"class":75},[61,56607,13192],{"class":143},[61,56609,8926],{"class":75},[61,56611,56612],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56613,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56615,56616,56618,56620,56622,56624,56626,56628,56631],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56617,14611],{"class":67},[61,56619,4182],{"class":75},[61,56621,2405],{"class":79},[61,56623,13831],{"class":75},[61,56625,13834],{"class":143},[61,56627,147],{"class":75},[61,56629,56630],{"class":79},"99",[61,56632,153],{"class":75},[61,56634,56635],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,56636,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,56640,160],{"class":159},[61,56642,147],{"class":75},[61,56644,12413],{"class":143},[61,56646,153],{"class":75},[61,56648,56649,56651,56653,56655],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,56650,160],{"class":159},[61,56652,147],{"class":75},[61,56654,14611],{"class":143},[61,56656,153],{"class":75},[20,56658,1598],{},[52,56660,56662],{"className":54,"code":56661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56663,56664,56691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56665,56666,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56667,56668],{"class":75},"[[",[61,56670,80],{"class":79},[61,56672,83],{"class":75},[61,56674,86],{"class":79},[61,56676,83],{"class":75},[61,56678,10478],{"class":79},[61,56680,18342],{"class":75},[61,56682,926],{"class":75},[61,56684,107],{"class":79},[61,56686,83],{"class":75},[61,56688,112],{"class":79},[61,56690,53525],{"class":75},[61,56692,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56694,56668],{"class":75},[61,56696,80],{"class":79},[61,56698,83],{"class":75},[61,56700,86],{"class":79},[61,56702,83],{"class":75},[61,56704,10478],{"class":79},[61,56706,18342],{"class":75},[61,56708,926],{"class":75},[61,56710,107],{"class":79},[61,56712,83],{"class":75},[61,56714,112],{"class":79},[61,56716,53525],{"class":75},[20,56718,56719],{},"Why did both change?",[29,56721,56722,56729],{},[32,56723,56724,700,56726,56728],{},[15,56725,12413],{},[15,56727,14611],{}," are different outer lists",[32,56730,56731,56732,56735],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56733,56734],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56737,53936,56738,56740],{},[15,56739,13057],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[29,56742,56743,56746,56749],{},[32,56744,56745],{},"Numbers",[32,56747,56748],{},"Strings",[32,56750,40873],{},[20,56752,56753,56754,140],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[214,56755,14071],{"href":14070},[47,56757,17698],{"id":17697},[20,56759,56760,56762],{},[15,56761,55884],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56764,41184,56765,56767],{},[39,56766,4909],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56769,56770],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56772,16935],{},[52,56774,56776],{"className":54,"code":56775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56777,56778,56802,56816,56820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56779,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56781,13356],{"class":67},[61,56783,72],{"class":71},[61,56785,926],{"class":75},[61,56787,504],{"class":503},[61,56789,13373],{"class":507},[61,56791,504],{"class":503},[61,56793,83],{"class":75},[61,56795,515],{"class":503},[61,56797,13390],{"class":507},[61,56799,504],{"class":503},[61,56801,943],{"class":75},[61,56803,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56805,13399],{"class":67},[61,56807,72],{"class":71},[61,56809,13404],{"class":67},[61,56811,140],{"class":75},[61,56813,13192],{"class":143},[61,56815,8926],{"class":75},[61,56817,56818],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56819,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56821,56822,56824,56826,56828],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56823,160],{"class":159},[61,56825,147],{"class":75},[61,56827,13423],{"class":143},[61,56829,153],{"class":75},[20,56831,56832],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[52,56834,56836],{"className":54,"code":56835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56837,56838,56862,56872,56876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56839,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56841,13356],{"class":67},[61,56843,72],{"class":71},[61,56845,926],{"class":75},[61,56847,504],{"class":503},[61,56849,13373],{"class":507},[61,56851,504],{"class":503},[61,56853,83],{"class":75},[61,56855,515],{"class":503},[61,56857,13390],{"class":507},[61,56859,504],{"class":503},[61,56861,943],{"class":75},[61,56863,56864,56866,56868,56870],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56865,17782],{"class":67},[61,56867,140],{"class":75},[61,56869,13192],{"class":143},[61,56871,8926],{"class":75},[61,56873,56874],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56875,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56879,160],{"class":159},[61,56881,147],{"class":75},[61,56883,17782],{"class":143},[61,56885,153],{"class":75},[20,56887,56888,56889,56891],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56890,13057],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[47,56893,5240,56895],{"id":56894},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56896,55884],{},[20,56898,1503,56899,10881],{},[15,56900,55884],{},[29,56902,56903,56906,56909,56912],{},[32,56904,56905],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[32,56907,56908],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[32,56910,56911],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[32,56913,56914,56915],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56916,56917],{},"[:]",[20,56919,368],{},[52,56921,56923],{"className":54,"code":56922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56924,56925,56945,56960,56964,56979,56983,56993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56926,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56928,5343],{"class":67},[61,56930,72],{"class":71},[61,56932,926],{"class":75},[61,56934,2613],{"class":79},[61,56936,83],{"class":75},[61,56938,8072],{"class":79},[61,56940,83],{"class":75},[61,56942,8077],{"class":79},[61,56944,943],{"class":75},[61,56946,56947,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56948,56949],{"class":67},"backup_scores ",[61,56951,72],{"class":71},[61,56953,5390],{"class":67},[61,56955,140],{"class":75},[61,56957,13192],{"class":143},[61,56959,8926],{"class":75},[61,56961,56962],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,56963,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56965,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56977],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,56967,16668],{"class":67},[61,56969,140],{"class":75},[61,56971,13834],{"class":143},[61,56973,147],{"class":75},[61,56975,56976],{"class":79},"40",[61,56978,153],{"class":75},[61,56980,56981],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,56982,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,56984,56985,56987,56989,56991],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,56986,160],{"class":159},[61,56988,147],{"class":75},[61,56990,16668],{"class":143},[61,56992,153],{"class":75},[61,56994,56995,56997,56999,57002],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,56996,160],{"class":159},[61,56998,147],{"class":75},[61,57000,57001],{"class":143},"backup_scores",[61,57003,153],{"class":75},[20,57005,1598],{},[52,57007,57009],{"className":54,"code":57008,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57010,57011,57031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57012,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57014,4182],{"class":75},[61,57016,2613],{"class":79},[61,57018,83],{"class":75},[61,57020,8072],{"class":79},[61,57022,83],{"class":75},[61,57024,8077],{"class":79},[61,57026,83],{"class":75},[61,57028,51125],{"class":79},[61,57030,943],{"class":75},[61,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57034,4182],{"class":75},[61,57036,2613],{"class":79},[61,57038,83],{"class":75},[61,57040,8072],{"class":79},[61,57042,83],{"class":75},[61,57044,8077],{"class":79},[61,57046,943],{"class":75},[20,57048,57049,57050,140],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[214,57051,55803,57053,1516],{"href":57052},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57054,52935],{},[47,57056,1520],{"id":1519},[20,57058,57059,57060,140],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57061,55884],{},[887,57063,716,57065,57067],{"id":57064},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57066,72],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57069,39476],{},[52,57071,57073],{"className":54,"code":57072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57074,57075,57095,57103,57117,57121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57076,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57078,37],{"class":67},[61,57080,72],{"class":71},[61,57082,926],{"class":75},[61,57084,80],{"class":79},[61,57086,83],{"class":75},[61,57088,86],{"class":79},[61,57090,83],{"class":75},[61,57092,91],{"class":79},[61,57094,943],{"class":75},[61,57096,57097,57099,57101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57098,294],{"class":67},[61,57100,72],{"class":71},[61,57102,36451],{"class":67},[61,57104,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,57106,329],{"class":67},[61,57108,140],{"class":75},[61,57110,13834],{"class":143},[61,57112,147],{"class":75},[61,57114,788],{"class":79},[61,57116,153],{"class":75},[61,57118,57119],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,57120,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,57122,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,57124,160],{"class":159},[61,57126,147],{"class":75},[61,57128,214],{"class":143},[61,57130,442],{"class":75},[61,57132,55984],{"class":173},[20,57134,57135,57136,6910],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57137,13057],{},[52,57139,57141],{"className":54,"code":57140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57142,57143,57163,57177,57191,57195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57146,37],{"class":67},[61,57148,72],{"class":71},[61,57150,926],{"class":75},[61,57152,80],{"class":79},[61,57154,83],{"class":75},[61,57156,86],{"class":79},[61,57158,83],{"class":75},[61,57160,91],{"class":79},[61,57162,943],{"class":75},[61,57164,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57166,294],{"class":67},[61,57168,72],{"class":71},[61,57170,320],{"class":67},[61,57172,140],{"class":75},[61,57174,13192],{"class":143},[61,57176,8926],{"class":75},[61,57178,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,57180,329],{"class":67},[61,57182,140],{"class":75},[61,57184,13834],{"class":143},[61,57186,147],{"class":75},[61,57188,788],{"class":79},[61,57190,153],{"class":75},[61,57192,57193],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,57194,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,57196,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,57198,160],{"class":159},[61,57200,147],{"class":75},[61,57202,214],{"class":143},[61,57204,442],{"class":75},[61,57206,55215],{"class":173},[887,57208,57210],{"id":57209},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[52,57212,57214],{"className":54,"code":57213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57215,57216,57236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57217,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57219,900],{"class":67},[61,57221,72],{"class":71},[61,57223,926],{"class":75},[61,57225,80],{"class":79},[61,57227,83],{"class":75},[61,57229,86],{"class":79},[61,57231,83],{"class":75},[61,57233,91],{"class":79},[61,57235,943],{"class":75},[61,57237,57238,57240,57242,57244],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57239,3929],{"class":67},[61,57241,140],{"class":75},[61,57243,13192],{"class":143},[61,57245,8926],{"class":75},[20,57247,57248],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57250,39539],{},[52,57252,57254],{"className":54,"code":57253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57255,57256,57276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57257,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57259,900],{"class":67},[61,57261,72],{"class":71},[61,57263,926],{"class":75},[61,57265,80],{"class":79},[61,57267,83],{"class":75},[61,57269,86],{"class":79},[61,57271,83],{"class":75},[61,57273,91],{"class":79},[61,57275,943],{"class":75},[61,57277,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57279,56439],{"class":67},[61,57281,72],{"class":71},[61,57283,956],{"class":67},[61,57285,140],{"class":75},[61,57287,13192],{"class":143},[61,57289,8926],{"class":75},[887,57291,57293],{"id":57292},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[52,57295,57297],{"className":54,"code":57296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57298,57299,57317,57331,57335,57353,57357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57300,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57302,37],{"class":67},[61,57304,72],{"class":71},[61,57306,56577],{"class":75},[61,57308,80],{"class":79},[61,57310,18342],{"class":75},[61,57312,926],{"class":75},[61,57314,301],{"class":79},[61,57316,53525],{"class":75},[61,57318,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57320,294],{"class":67},[61,57322,72],{"class":71},[61,57324,320],{"class":67},[61,57326,140],{"class":75},[61,57328,13192],{"class":143},[61,57330,8926],{"class":75},[61,57332,57333],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,57334,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,57336,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,57338,329],{"class":67},[61,57340,4182],{"class":75},[61,57342,2405],{"class":79},[61,57344,13831],{"class":75},[61,57346,13834],{"class":143},[61,57348,147],{"class":75},[61,57350,56630],{"class":79},[61,57352,153],{"class":75},[61,57354,57355],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,57356,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,57358,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,57360,160],{"class":159},[61,57362,147],{"class":75},[61,57364,214],{"class":143},[61,57366,442],{"class":75},[61,57368,57369],{"class":173},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57371,57372,57373,57375],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57374,55884],{}," is shallow.",[887,57377,25892,57379,57381],{"id":57378},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57380,13057],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57383,57384,57386],{},[15,57385,13057],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[52,57388,57390],{"className":54,"code":57389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57391,57392,57404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57393,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57395,8159],{"class":67},[61,57397,72],{"class":71},[61,57399,515],{"class":503},[61,57401,5283],{"class":507},[61,57403,3639],{"class":503},[61,57405,57406],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57407,57408],{"class":173},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57410,57411],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[52,57413,57415],{"className":54,"code":57414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57416,57417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57418,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57420,160],{"class":159},[61,57422,147],{"class":75},[61,57424,2072],{"class":2071},[61,57426,147],{"class":75},[61,57428,7949],{"class":143},[61,57430,1761],{"class":75},[20,57432,57433,57434,57438],{},"You can also review ",[214,57435,57437],{"href":57436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[47,57440,2109],{"id":2108},[887,57442,2113,57444,57446],{"id":57443},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57445,55884],{}," change the original list?",[20,57448,57449],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[887,57451,2153,57453,700,57455,2159],{"id":57452},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57454,55884],{},[15,57456,72],{},[20,57458,57459,57461,57462,57464],{},[15,57460,13057],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57463,72],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[887,57466,15184,57468,15187],{"id":57467},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57469,55884],{},[20,57471,57472],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[887,57474,57476],{"id":57475},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57478,2139,57479,57482],{},[15,57480,57481],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[887,57484,15184,57486,57488,57489,2159],{"id":57485},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57487,55884],{}," the same as ",[15,57490,56917],{},[20,57492,57493],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[47,57495,2172],{"id":2171},[29,57497,57498,57503,57507,57512,57518],{},[32,57499,57500],{},[214,57501,15245],{"href":57502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,57504,57505],{},[214,57506,53054],{"href":51261},[32,57508,57509],{},[214,57510,57511],{"href":57436},"Creating a list in Python",[32,57513,57514],{},[214,57515,55803,57516,1516],{"href":57052},[15,57517,52935],{},[32,57519,57520],{},[214,57521,14071],{"href":14070},[2204,57523,57524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":57526},[57527,57528,57530,57531,57533,57534,57535,57537,57545,57556],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":55994,"depth":97,"text":57529},"What list.copy() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":56265,"depth":97,"text":57532},"Why not use =",{"id":56543,"depth":97,"text":56544},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":56894,"depth":97,"text":57536},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":57538},[57539,57541,57542,57543],{"id":57064,"depth":122,"text":57540},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57209,"depth":122,"text":57210},{"id":57292,"depth":122,"text":57293},{"id":57378,"depth":122,"text":57544},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":57546},[57547,57549,57551,57553,57554],{"id":57443,"depth":122,"text":57548},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57452,"depth":122,"text":57550},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57467,"depth":122,"text":57552},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57475,"depth":122,"text":57476},{"id":57485,"depth":122,"text":57555},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55872,"description":57557},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57564,"title":57565,"body":57566,"description":59307,"extension":2249,"meta":59308,"navigation":125,"path":59309,"seo":59310,"stem":59311,"__hash__":59312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57567,"toc":59266},[57568,57574,57580,57583,57594,57597,57599,57662,57668,57673,57677,57691,57694,57699,57704,57706,57708,57727,57739,57741,57808,57810,57818,57823,57825,57833,57836,57853,57855,57979,57990,57994,57999,58002,58004,58022,58026,58112,58121,58129,58198,58200,58203,58215,58220,58224,58295,58298,58302,58306,58371,58373,58381,58385,58467,58469,58477,58481,58542,58544,58552,58556,58643,58645,58653,58658,58663,58666,58677,58679,58764,58769,58778,58780,58784,58788,58793,58855,58859,58867,58873,58882,58887,58936,58939,58960,58964,59026,59033,59038,59041,59128,59131,59142,59145,59165,59167,59173,59176,59180,59184,59190,59193,59199,59206,59214,59225,59227,59263],[10,57569,54625,57571,18],{"id":57570},"python-list-count-method",[15,57572,57573],{},"count()",[20,57575,57576,57579],{},[15,57577,57578],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57581,57582],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[29,57584,57585,57588,57591],{},[32,57586,57587],{},"count one specific item",[32,57589,57590],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[32,57592,57593],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57595,57596],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[47,57598,3890],{"id":3889},[52,57600,57602],{"className":54,"code":57601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57603,57604,57632,57650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57605,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57607,900],{"class":67},[61,57609,72],{"class":71},[61,57611,926],{"class":75},[61,57613,80],{"class":79},[61,57615,83],{"class":75},[61,57617,86],{"class":79},[61,57619,83],{"class":75},[61,57621,86],{"class":79},[61,57623,83],{"class":75},[61,57625,91],{"class":79},[61,57627,83],{"class":75},[61,57629,86],{"class":79},[61,57631,943],{"class":75},[61,57633,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57635,132],{"class":67},[61,57637,72],{"class":71},[61,57639,956],{"class":67},[61,57641,140],{"class":75},[61,57643,41538],{"class":143},[61,57645,147],{"class":75},[61,57647,301],{"class":79},[61,57649,153],{"class":75},[61,57651,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,57653,160],{"class":159},[61,57655,147],{"class":75},[61,57657,165],{"class":143},[61,57659,442],{"class":75},[61,57661,51052],{"class":173},[20,57663,1503,57664,57667],{},[15,57665,57666],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[47,57669,184,57671,187],{"id":57670},"what-listcount-does",[15,57672,57578],{},[20,57674,57675,192],{},[15,57676,57578],{},[29,57678,57679,57682,57685,57688],{},[32,57680,57681],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[32,57683,57684],{},"returns an integer",[32,57686,57687],{},"does not change the original list",[32,57689,57690],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57692,57693],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57695,57696,57697,140],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57698,107],{},[20,57700,57701,57702,140],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57703,2405],{},[47,57705,221],{"id":220},[20,57707,2444],{},[52,57709,57711],{"className":54,"code":57710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57712,57713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57716,8623],{"class":67},[61,57718,140],{"class":75},[61,57720,41538],{"class":143},[61,57722,147],{"class":75},[61,57724,2755],{"class":143},[61,57726,153],{"class":75},[29,57728,57729,57734],{},[32,57730,57731,57733],{},[15,57732,8623],{}," is the list you want to search",[32,57735,57736,57738],{},[15,57737,2755],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57740,368],{},[52,57742,57744],{"className":54,"code":57743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57745,57746,57786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57747,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57749,1028],{"class":67},[61,57751,72],{"class":71},[61,57753,926],{"class":75},[61,57755,504],{"class":503},[61,57757,214],{"class":507},[61,57759,504],{"class":503},[61,57761,83],{"class":75},[61,57763,515],{"class":503},[61,57765,329],{"class":507},[61,57767,504],{"class":503},[61,57769,83],{"class":75},[61,57771,515],{"class":503},[61,57773,214],{"class":507},[61,57775,504],{"class":503},[61,57777,83],{"class":75},[61,57779,515],{"class":503},[61,57781,1071],{"class":507},[61,57783,504],{"class":503},[61,57785,943],{"class":75},[61,57787,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57789,160],{"class":159},[61,57791,147],{"class":75},[61,57793,36419],{"class":143},[61,57795,140],{"class":75},[61,57797,41538],{"class":143},[61,57799,147],{"class":75},[61,57801,504],{"class":503},[61,57803,214],{"class":507},[61,57805,504],{"class":503},[61,57807,1761],{"class":75},[20,57809,1598],{},[52,57811,57812],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,57813,57814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57815,57816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57817,17336],{"class":79},[20,57819,57820,57821,140],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57822,2405],{},[47,57824,38297],{"id":38296},[20,57826,57827,57828,57830,57831,140],{},"The return value from ",[15,57829,57573],{}," is always an ",[15,57832,2473],{},[20,57834,57835],{},"Possible results:",[29,57837,57838,57843,57848],{},[32,57839,57840,57842],{},[15,57841,2405],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[32,57844,57845,57847],{},[15,57846,80],{}," if it appears once",[32,57849,57850,57852],{},[15,57851,301],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57854,368],{},[52,57856,57858],{"className":54,"code":57857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57859,57860,57900,57904,57929,57954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57861,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57863,13356],{"class":67},[61,57865,72],{"class":71},[61,57867,926],{"class":75},[61,57869,504],{"class":503},[61,57871,13373],{"class":507},[61,57873,504],{"class":503},[61,57875,83],{"class":75},[61,57877,515],{"class":503},[61,57879,13390],{"class":507},[61,57881,504],{"class":503},[61,57883,83],{"class":75},[61,57885,515],{"class":503},[61,57887,17735],{"class":507},[61,57889,504],{"class":503},[61,57891,83],{"class":75},[61,57893,515],{"class":503},[61,57895,13390],{"class":507},[61,57897,504],{"class":503},[61,57899,943],{"class":75},[61,57901,57902],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57903,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,57905,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,57907,160],{"class":159},[61,57909,147],{"class":75},[61,57911,17782],{"class":143},[61,57913,140],{"class":75},[61,57915,41538],{"class":143},[61,57917,147],{"class":75},[61,57919,504],{"class":503},[61,57921,13390],{"class":507},[61,57923,504],{"class":503},[61,57925,5641],{"class":75},[61,57927,57928],{"class":173},"   # 2\n",[61,57930,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,57932,160],{"class":159},[61,57934,147],{"class":75},[61,57936,17782],{"class":143},[61,57938,140],{"class":75},[61,57940,41538],{"class":143},[61,57942,147],{"class":75},[61,57944,504],{"class":503},[61,57946,13373],{"class":507},[61,57948,504],{"class":503},[61,57950,5641],{"class":75},[61,57952,57953],{"class":173},"    # 1\n",[61,57955,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,57957,160],{"class":159},[61,57959,147],{"class":75},[61,57961,17782],{"class":143},[61,57963,140],{"class":75},[61,57965,41538],{"class":143},[61,57967,147],{"class":75},[61,57969,504],{"class":503},[61,57971,22800],{"class":507},[61,57973,504],{"class":503},[61,57975,5641],{"class":75},[61,57977,57978],{"class":173}," # 0\n",[20,57980,57981,57982,57984,57985,57987,57988,140],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57983,57573],{}," works, but using ",[15,57986,4165],{}," is often simpler. See ",[214,57989,6478],{"href":6477},[47,57991,57993],{"id":57992},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57995,57996,57998],{},[15,57997,57578],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58000,58001],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58003,43929],{},[29,58005,58006,58009,58012,58019],{},[32,58007,58008],{},"matches are based on equality",[32,58010,58011],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[32,58013,58014,700,58016,58018],{},[15,58015,80],{},[15,58017,3885],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[32,58020,58021],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[887,58023,58025],{"id":58024},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[52,58027,58029],{"className":54,"code":58028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58030,58031,58064,58088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58032,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58034,1778],{"class":67},[61,58036,72],{"class":71},[61,58038,926],{"class":75},[61,58040,504],{"class":503},[61,58042,508],{"class":507},[61,58044,504],{"class":503},[61,58046,83],{"class":75},[61,58048,515],{"class":503},[61,58050,58051],{"class":507},"Apple",[61,58053,504],{"class":503},[61,58055,83],{"class":75},[61,58057,515],{"class":503},[61,58059,508],{"class":507},[61,58061,504],{"class":503},[61,58063,943],{"class":75},[61,58065,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58067,160],{"class":159},[61,58069,147],{"class":75},[61,58071,4394],{"class":143},[61,58073,140],{"class":75},[61,58075,41538],{"class":143},[61,58077,147],{"class":75},[61,58079,504],{"class":503},[61,58081,508],{"class":507},[61,58083,504],{"class":503},[61,58085,5641],{"class":75},[61,58087,51697],{"class":173},[61,58089,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58091,160],{"class":159},[61,58093,147],{"class":75},[61,58095,4394],{"class":143},[61,58097,140],{"class":75},[61,58099,41538],{"class":143},[61,58101,147],{"class":75},[61,58103,504],{"class":503},[61,58105,58051],{"class":507},[61,58107,504],{"class":503},[61,58109,5641],{"class":75},[61,58111,28056],{"class":173},[20,58113,58114,700,58117,58120],{},[15,58115,58116],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58118,58119],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[887,58122,58124,700,58126,58128],{"id":58123},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58125,80],{},[15,58127,3885],{}," can match",[52,58130,58132],{"className":54,"code":58131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58133,58134,58158,58178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58135,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58137,4103],{"class":67},[61,58139,72],{"class":71},[61,58141,926],{"class":75},[61,58143,80],{"class":79},[61,58145,83],{"class":75},[61,58147,4198],{"class":4133},[61,58149,83],{"class":75},[61,58151,86],{"class":79},[61,58153,83],{"class":75},[61,58155,1720],{"class":79},[61,58157,943],{"class":75},[61,58159,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58161,160],{"class":159},[61,58163,147],{"class":75},[61,58165,5638],{"class":143},[61,58167,140],{"class":75},[61,58169,41538],{"class":143},[61,58171,147],{"class":75},[61,58173,80],{"class":79},[61,58175,5641],{"class":75},[61,58177,51200],{"class":173},[61,58179,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58181,160],{"class":159},[61,58183,147],{"class":75},[61,58185,5638],{"class":143},[61,58187,140],{"class":75},[61,58189,41538],{"class":143},[61,58191,147],{"class":75},[61,58193,3885],{"class":4133},[61,58195,5641],{"class":75},[61,58197,51052],{"class":173},[20,58199,4690],{},[20,58201,58202],{},"In Python:",[29,58204,58205,58210],{},[32,58206,58207],{},[15,58208,58209],{},"True == 1",[32,58211,58212],{},[15,58213,58214],{},"False == 0",[20,58216,53936,58217,58219],{},[15,58218,57573],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[887,58221,58223],{"id":58222},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[52,58225,58227],{"className":54,"code":58226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58228,58229,58271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58230,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58232,8061],{"class":67},[61,58234,72],{"class":71},[61,58236,56577],{"class":75},[61,58238,80],{"class":79},[61,58240,83],{"class":75},[61,58242,86],{"class":79},[61,58244,18342],{"class":75},[61,58246,926],{"class":75},[61,58248,107],{"class":79},[61,58250,83],{"class":75},[61,58252,112],{"class":79},[61,58254,18342],{"class":75},[61,58256,926],{"class":75},[61,58258,80],{"class":79},[61,58260,83],{"class":75},[61,58262,86],{"class":79},[61,58264,18342],{"class":75},[61,58266,926],{"class":75},[61,58268,80],{"class":79},[61,58270,53525],{"class":75},[61,58272,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58274,160],{"class":159},[61,58276,147],{"class":75},[61,58278,8092],{"class":143},[61,58280,140],{"class":75},[61,58282,41538],{"class":143},[61,58284,1878],{"class":75},[61,58286,80],{"class":79},[61,58288,83],{"class":75},[61,58290,86],{"class":79},[61,58292,5014],{"class":75},[61,58294,51697],{"class":173},[20,58296,58297],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[47,58299,58301],{"id":58300},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[887,58303,58305],{"id":58304},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[52,58307,58309],{"className":54,"code":58308,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58310,58311,58339,58357,58361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58312,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58314,900],{"class":67},[61,58316,72],{"class":71},[61,58318,926],{"class":75},[61,58320,2613],{"class":79},[61,58322,83],{"class":75},[61,58324,8072],{"class":79},[61,58326,83],{"class":75},[61,58328,6285],{"class":79},[61,58330,83],{"class":75},[61,58332,8077],{"class":79},[61,58334,83],{"class":75},[61,58336,6285],{"class":79},[61,58338,943],{"class":75},[61,58340,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58342,132],{"class":67},[61,58344,72],{"class":71},[61,58346,956],{"class":67},[61,58348,140],{"class":75},[61,58350,41538],{"class":143},[61,58352,147],{"class":75},[61,58354,2613],{"class":79},[61,58356,153],{"class":75},[61,58358,58359],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58360,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,58362,58363,58365,58367,58369],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,58364,160],{"class":159},[61,58366,147],{"class":75},[61,58368,165],{"class":143},[61,58370,153],{"class":75},[20,58372,1598],{},[52,58374,58375],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58376,58377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58378,58379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58380,46897],{"class":79},[887,58382,58384],{"id":58383},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[52,58386,58388],{"className":54,"code":58387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58389,58390,58431,58453,58457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58391,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58427,58429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58393,1778],{"class":67},[61,58395,72],{"class":71},[61,58397,926],{"class":75},[61,58399,504],{"class":503},[61,58401,1218],{"class":507},[61,58403,504],{"class":503},[61,58405,83],{"class":75},[61,58407,515],{"class":503},[61,58409,1787],{"class":507},[61,58411,504],{"class":503},[61,58413,83],{"class":75},[61,58415,515],{"class":503},[61,58417,1218],{"class":507},[61,58419,504],{"class":503},[61,58421,83],{"class":75},[61,58423,515],{"class":503},[61,58425,58426],{"class":507},"bird",[61,58428,504],{"class":503},[61,58430,943],{"class":75},[61,58432,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58434,132],{"class":67},[61,58436,72],{"class":71},[61,58438,1800],{"class":67},[61,58440,140],{"class":75},[61,58442,41538],{"class":143},[61,58444,147],{"class":75},[61,58446,504],{"class":503},[61,58448,1218],{"class":507},[61,58450,504],{"class":503},[61,58452,153],{"class":75},[61,58454,58455],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58456,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,58458,58459,58461,58463,58465],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,58460,160],{"class":159},[61,58462,147],{"class":75},[61,58464,165],{"class":143},[61,58466,153],{"class":75},[20,58468,1598],{},[52,58470,58471],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58472,58473],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58474,58475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58476,17336],{"class":79},[887,58478,58480],{"id":58479},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[52,58482,58484],{"className":54,"code":58483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58485,58486,58510,58528,58532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58487,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58489,900],{"class":67},[61,58491,72],{"class":71},[61,58493,926],{"class":75},[61,58495,80],{"class":79},[61,58497,83],{"class":75},[61,58499,86],{"class":79},[61,58501,83],{"class":75},[61,58503,91],{"class":79},[61,58505,83],{"class":75},[61,58507,112],{"class":79},[61,58509,943],{"class":75},[61,58511,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58513,132],{"class":67},[61,58515,72],{"class":71},[61,58517,956],{"class":67},[61,58519,140],{"class":75},[61,58521,41538],{"class":143},[61,58523,147],{"class":75},[61,58525,1013],{"class":79},[61,58527,153],{"class":75},[61,58529,58530],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58531,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,58533,58534,58536,58538,58540],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,58535,160],{"class":159},[61,58537,147],{"class":75},[61,58539,165],{"class":143},[61,58541,153],{"class":75},[20,58543,1598],{},[52,58545,58546],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58547,58548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58549,58550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58551,47532],{"class":79},[887,58553,58555],{"id":58554},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[52,58557,58559],{"className":54,"code":58558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58560,58561,58607,58629,58633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58562,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58564,9449],{"class":67},[61,58566,72],{"class":71},[61,58568,56577],{"class":75},[61,58570,80],{"class":79},[61,58572,83],{"class":75},[61,58574,86],{"class":79},[61,58576,18342],{"class":75},[61,58578,926],{"class":75},[61,58580,80],{"class":79},[61,58582,83],{"class":75},[61,58584,86],{"class":79},[61,58586,18342],{"class":75},[61,58588,926],{"class":75},[61,58590,301],{"class":79},[61,58592,83],{"class":75},[61,58594,91],{"class":79},[61,58596,18342],{"class":75},[61,58598,926],{"class":75},[61,58600,80],{"class":79},[61,58602,83],{"class":75},[61,58604,86],{"class":79},[61,58606,53525],{"class":75},[61,58608,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58610,132],{"class":67},[61,58612,72],{"class":71},[61,58614,14847],{"class":67},[61,58616,140],{"class":75},[61,58618,41538],{"class":143},[61,58620,1878],{"class":75},[61,58622,80],{"class":79},[61,58624,83],{"class":75},[61,58626,86],{"class":79},[61,58628,1887],{"class":75},[61,58630,58631],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58632,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,58634,58635,58637,58639,58641],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,58636,160],{"class":159},[61,58638,147],{"class":75},[61,58640,165],{"class":143},[61,58642,153],{"class":75},[20,58644,1598],{},[52,58646,58647],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58648,58649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58650,58651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58652,46897],{"class":79},[47,58654,5240,58656],{"id":58655},"when-to-use-count",[15,58657,57573],{},[20,58659,1503,58660,58662],{},[15,58661,57573],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58664,58665],{},"Good use cases:",[29,58667,58668,58671,58674],{},[32,58669,58670],{},"counting one specific item",[32,58672,58673],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[32,58675,58676],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58678,368],{},[52,58680,58682],{"className":54,"code":58681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58683,58684,58725,58749,58753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58685,58686,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58687,58688],{"class":67},"votes ",[61,58690,72],{"class":71},[61,58692,926],{"class":75},[61,58694,504],{"class":503},[61,58696,8941],{"class":507},[61,58698,504],{"class":503},[61,58700,83],{"class":75},[61,58702,515],{"class":503},[61,58704,8880],{"class":507},[61,58706,504],{"class":503},[61,58708,83],{"class":75},[61,58710,515],{"class":503},[61,58712,8941],{"class":507},[61,58714,504],{"class":503},[61,58716,83],{"class":75},[61,58718,515],{"class":503},[61,58720,8941],{"class":507},[61,58722,504],{"class":503},[61,58724,943],{"class":75},[61,58726,58727,58730,58732,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58728,58729],{"class":67},"yes_votes ",[61,58731,72],{"class":71},[61,58733,58734],{"class":67}," votes",[61,58736,140],{"class":75},[61,58738,41538],{"class":143},[61,58740,147],{"class":75},[61,58742,504],{"class":503},[61,58744,8941],{"class":507},[61,58746,504],{"class":503},[61,58748,153],{"class":75},[61,58750,58751],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,58752,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,58754,58755,58757,58759,58762],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,58756,160],{"class":159},[61,58758,147],{"class":75},[61,58760,58761],{"class":143},"yes_votes",[61,58763,153],{"class":75},[20,58765,58766,58768],{},[15,58767,57573],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58770,58771,58772,700,58774,140],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[214,58773,53054],{"href":51261},[214,58775,58777],{"href":58776},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[47,58779,3111],{"id":3110},[20,58781,8731,58782,140],{},[15,58783,57578],{},[887,58785,58787],{"id":58786},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58789,58790,58792],{},[15,58791,57578],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[52,58794,58796],{"className":54,"code":58795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58797,58798,58831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58799,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58801,1778],{"class":67},[61,58803,72],{"class":71},[61,58805,926],{"class":75},[61,58807,504],{"class":503},[61,58809,58810],{"class":507},"apple pie",[61,58812,504],{"class":503},[61,58814,83],{"class":75},[61,58816,515],{"class":503},[61,58818,518],{"class":507},[61,58820,504],{"class":503},[61,58822,83],{"class":75},[61,58824,515],{"class":503},[61,58826,58810],{"class":507},[61,58828,504],{"class":503},[61,58830,943],{"class":75},[61,58832,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58834,160],{"class":159},[61,58836,147],{"class":75},[61,58838,4394],{"class":143},[61,58840,140],{"class":75},[61,58842,41538],{"class":143},[61,58844,147],{"class":75},[61,58846,504],{"class":503},[61,58848,508],{"class":507},[61,58850,504],{"class":503},[61,58852,5641],{"class":75},[61,58854,51529],{"class":173},[20,58856,2771,58857,2159],{},[15,58858,2405],{},[20,58860,29337,58861,58863,58864,140],{},[15,58862,58116],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58865,58866],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58868,58869,58870,140],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58871,58872],{},"str.count()",[887,58874,1524,58876,8739,58878,3159,58880],{"id":58875},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58877,57573],{},[15,58879,3885],{},[15,58881,3954],{},[20,58883,58884,58886],{},[15,58885,57573],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[52,58888,58890],{"className":54,"code":58889,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58891,58892,58916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58893,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58895,900],{"class":67},[61,58897,72],{"class":71},[61,58899,926],{"class":75},[61,58901,80],{"class":79},[61,58903,83],{"class":75},[61,58905,86],{"class":79},[61,58907,83],{"class":75},[61,58909,86],{"class":79},[61,58911,83],{"class":75},[61,58913,91],{"class":79},[61,58915,943],{"class":75},[61,58917,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58919,160],{"class":159},[61,58921,147],{"class":75},[61,58923,3929],{"class":143},[61,58925,140],{"class":75},[61,58927,41538],{"class":143},[61,58929,147],{"class":75},[61,58931,301],{"class":79},[61,58933,5641],{"class":75},[61,58935,51697],{"class":173},[20,58937,58938],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[52,58940,58942],{"className":54,"code":58941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58943,58944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58945,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58947,160],{"class":159},[61,58949,147],{"class":75},[61,58951,301],{"class":79},[61,58953,21452],{"class":4158},[61,58955,956],{"class":143},[61,58957,442],{"class":75},[61,58959,3944],{"class":173},[887,58961,58963],{"id":58962},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[52,58965,58967],{"className":54,"code":58966,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58968,58969,59002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58970,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58998,59000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58972,5274],{"class":67},[61,58974,72],{"class":71},[61,58976,926],{"class":75},[61,58978,504],{"class":503},[61,58980,7958],{"class":507},[61,58982,504],{"class":503},[61,58984,83],{"class":75},[61,58986,515],{"class":503},[61,58988,20497],{"class":507},[61,58990,504],{"class":503},[61,58992,83],{"class":75},[61,58994,515],{"class":503},[61,58996,58997],{"class":507},"SAM",[61,58999,504],{"class":503},[61,59001,943],{"class":75},[61,59003,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59005,160],{"class":159},[61,59007,147],{"class":75},[61,59009,5318],{"class":143},[61,59011,140],{"class":75},[61,59013,41538],{"class":143},[61,59015,147],{"class":75},[61,59017,504],{"class":503},[61,59019,20497],{"class":507},[61,59021,504],{"class":503},[61,59023,5641],{"class":75},[61,59025,28056],{"class":173},[20,59027,59028,59029,59032],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59030,59031],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[887,59034,29926,59036,33823],{"id":59035},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59037,57573],{},[20,59039,59040],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[52,59042,59044],{"className":54,"code":59043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59045,59046,59056,59070,59088,59102,59114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59047,59048,59050,59052,59054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59049,160],{"class":159},[61,59051,147],{"class":75},[61,59053,8623],{"class":143},[61,59055,153],{"class":75},[61,59057,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59059,160],{"class":159},[61,59061,147],{"class":75},[61,59063,2072],{"class":2071},[61,59065,147],{"class":75},[61,59067,8623],{"class":143},[61,59069,1761],{"class":75},[61,59071,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59073,160],{"class":159},[61,59075,147],{"class":75},[61,59077,8623],{"class":143},[61,59079,140],{"class":75},[61,59081,41538],{"class":143},[61,59083,147],{"class":75},[61,59085,2755],{"class":143},[61,59087,1761],{"class":75},[61,59089,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,59091,160],{"class":159},[61,59093,147],{"class":75},[61,59095,2730],{"class":143},[61,59097,4165],{"class":4158},[61,59099,8680],{"class":143},[61,59101,153],{"class":75},[61,59103,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,59105,6238],{"class":4158},[61,59107,6241],{"class":67},[61,59109,4165],{"class":4158},[61,59111,8680],{"class":67},[61,59113,6673],{"class":75},[61,59115,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,59117,8352],{"class":159},[61,59119,147],{"class":75},[61,59121,42058],{"class":159},[61,59123,147],{"class":75},[61,59125,23586],{"class":143},[61,59127,1761],{"class":75},[20,59129,59130],{},"These checks can help you see:",[29,59132,59133,59136,59139],{},[32,59134,59135],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[32,59137,59138],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[32,59140,59141],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59143,59144],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[29,59146,59147,59152,59155,59162],{},[32,59148,50773,59149,59151],{},[15,59150,57573],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[32,59153,59154],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[32,59156,11387,59157,59159,59160],{},[15,59158,57578],{}," with string ",[15,59161,57573],{},[32,59163,59164],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[47,59166,2109],{"id":2108},[887,59168,2113,59170,59172],{"id":59169},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59171,57578],{}," change the list?",[20,59174,59175],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[887,59177,59179],{"id":59178},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59181,12191,59182,140],{},[15,59183,2405],{},[887,59185,2123,59187,59189],{"id":59186},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59188,57578],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59191,59192],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[887,59194,15184,59196,59198],{"id":59195},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59197,57578],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59200,2139,59201,700,59203,59205],{},[15,59202,58119],{},[15,59204,58116],{}," are different values.",[887,59207,5438,59209,59211,59212,2159],{"id":59208},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59210,3885],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59213,80],{},[20,59215,9068,59216,59218,59219,700,59221,59218,59223,140],{},[15,59217,3885],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59220,80],{},[15,59222,3954],{},[15,59224,2405],{},[47,59226,2172],{"id":2171},[29,59228,59229,59233,59239,59243,59251,59258],{},[32,59230,59231],{},[214,59232,53054],{"href":51261},[32,59234,59235],{},[214,59236,59238],{"href":59237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[32,59240,59241],{},[214,59242,7215],{"href":6477},[32,59244,59245],{},[214,59246,55803,59248,1516],{"href":59247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59249,59250],{},"index()",[32,59252,59253],{},[214,59254,13,59256],{"href":59255},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59257,42639],{},[32,59259,59260],{},[214,59261,59262],{"href":58776},"What is a list in Python",[2204,59264,59265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":59267},[59268,59269,59271,59272,59273,59279,59285,59287,59295,59306],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":57670,"depth":97,"text":59270},"What list.count() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":38296,"depth":97,"text":38297},{"id":57992,"depth":97,"text":57993,"children":59274},[59275,59276,59278],{"id":58024,"depth":122,"text":58025},{"id":58123,"depth":122,"text":59277},"1 and True can match",{"id":58222,"depth":122,"text":58223},{"id":58300,"depth":97,"text":58301,"children":59280},[59281,59282,59283,59284],{"id":58304,"depth":122,"text":58305},{"id":58383,"depth":122,"text":58384},{"id":58479,"depth":122,"text":58480},{"id":58554,"depth":122,"text":58555},{"id":58655,"depth":97,"text":59286},"When to use count()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":59288},[59289,59290,59292,59293],{"id":58786,"depth":122,"text":58787},{"id":58875,"depth":122,"text":59291},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58962,"depth":122,"text":58963},{"id":59035,"depth":122,"text":59294},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":59296},[59297,59299,59300,59302,59304],{"id":59169,"depth":122,"text":59298},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59178,"depth":122,"text":59179},{"id":59186,"depth":122,"text":59301},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59195,"depth":122,"text":59303},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59208,"depth":122,"text":59305},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57565,"description":59307},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59314,"title":59315,"body":59316,"description":61279,"extension":2249,"meta":61280,"navigation":125,"path":61281,"seo":61282,"stem":61283,"__hash__":61284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59317,"toc":61242},[59318,59321,59324,59326,59454,59458,59539,59550,59552,59571,59575,59578,59581,59599,59601,59644,59648,59673,59682,59686,59691,59694,59811,59815,59884,59888,59900,59904,59907,59948,59952,59965,59968,60053,60057,60090,60097,60103,60108,60110,60122,60126,60159,60163,60195,60199,60236,60240,60260,60264,60298,60302,60331,60342,60346,60349,60352,60365,60422,60426,60465,60471,60474,60476,60479,60483,60486,60511,60513,60538,60545,60548,60593,60597,60616,60619,60658,60665,60670,60704,60708,60809,60816,60849,60853,60879,60883,60886,60924,60927,60964,60968,60971,60990,60994,61055,61057,61075,61079,61082,61085,61114,61116,61120,61123,61131,61135,61138,61158,61164,61170,61174,61177,61184,61192,61194,61233,61239],[10,59319,59315],{"id":59320},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59322,59323],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[47,59325,3890],{"id":3889},[52,59327,59329],{"className":54,"code":59328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59330,59331,59351,59383,59391,59409,59413,59423,59433,59444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59332,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59334,900],{"class":67},[61,59336,72],{"class":71},[61,59338,926],{"class":75},[61,59340,80],{"class":79},[61,59342,83],{"class":75},[61,59344,86],{"class":79},[61,59346,83],{"class":75},[61,59348,91],{"class":79},[61,59350,943],{"class":75},[61,59352,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59354,5274],{"class":67},[61,59356,72],{"class":71},[61,59358,926],{"class":75},[61,59360,504],{"class":503},[61,59362,13161],{"class":507},[61,59364,504],{"class":503},[61,59366,83],{"class":75},[61,59368,515],{"class":503},[61,59370,36217],{"class":507},[61,59372,504],{"class":503},[61,59374,83],{"class":75},[61,59376,515],{"class":503},[61,59378,36226],{"class":507},[61,59380,504],{"class":503},[61,59382,943],{"class":75},[61,59384,59385,59387,59389],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59386,56214],{"class":67},[61,59388,72],{"class":71},[61,59390,8121],{"class":75},[61,59392,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,59394,1028],{"class":67},[61,59396,72],{"class":71},[61,59398,22835],{"class":2071},[61,59400,147],{"class":75},[61,59402,504],{"class":503},[61,59404,41839],{"class":507},[61,59406,504],{"class":503},[61,59408,153],{"class":75},[61,59410,59411],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,59412,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,59414,59415,59417,59419,59421],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,59416,160],{"class":159},[61,59418,147],{"class":75},[61,59420,3929],{"class":143},[61,59422,153],{"class":75},[61,59424,59425,59427,59429,59431],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,59426,160],{"class":159},[61,59428,147],{"class":75},[61,59430,5318],{"class":143},[61,59432,153],{"class":75},[61,59434,59435,59437,59439,59442],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,59436,160],{"class":159},[61,59438,147],{"class":75},[61,59440,59441],{"class":143},"empty_list",[61,59443,153],{"class":75},[61,59445,59446,59448,59450,59452],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,59447,160],{"class":159},[61,59449,147],{"class":75},[61,59451,36419],{"class":143},[61,59453,153],{"class":75},[20,59455,59456],{},[39,59457,1598],{},[52,59459,59461],{"className":54,"code":59460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59462,59463,59479,59507,59511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59464,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59466,4182],{"class":75},[61,59468,80],{"class":79},[61,59470,83],{"class":75},[61,59472,86],{"class":79},[61,59474,83],{"class":75},[61,59476,91],{"class":79},[61,59478,943],{"class":75},[61,59480,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59482,4182],{"class":75},[61,59484,630],{"class":503},[61,59486,13161],{"class":507},[61,59488,630],{"class":503},[61,59490,83],{"class":75},[61,59492,639],{"class":503},[61,59494,36217],{"class":507},[61,59496,630],{"class":503},[61,59498,83],{"class":75},[61,59500,639],{"class":503},[61,59502,36226],{"class":507},[61,59504,630],{"class":503},[61,59506,943],{"class":75},[61,59508,59509],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59510,38574],{"class":75},[61,59512,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,59514,4182],{"class":75},[61,59516,630],{"class":503},[61,59518,214],{"class":507},[61,59520,630],{"class":503},[61,59522,83],{"class":75},[61,59524,639],{"class":503},[61,59526,329],{"class":507},[61,59528,630],{"class":503},[61,59530,83],{"class":75},[61,59532,639],{"class":503},[61,59534,1071],{"class":507},[61,59536,630],{"class":503},[61,59538,943],{"class":75},[20,59540,59541,59542,59544,59545,59547,59548,140],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59543,4067],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59546,25056],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59549,36474],{},[47,59551,15443],{"id":15442},[29,59553,59554,59557,59560,59563,59568],{},[32,59555,59556],{},"What a list is in Python",[32,59558,59559],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[32,59561,59562],{},"How to create an empty list",[32,59564,59565,59566,2585],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59567,25056],{},[32,59569,59570],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[47,59572,59574],{"id":59573},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59576,59577],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59579,59580],{},"This means:",[29,59582,59583,59586,59589,59592],{},[32,59584,59585],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[32,59587,59588],{},"The order of items is kept",[32,59590,59591],{},"A list can hold different data types",[32,59593,59594,59595,59598],{},"A list is ",[39,59596,59597],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59600,368],{},[52,59602,59604],{"className":54,"code":59603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59605,59606,59630,59634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59607,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59609,8061],{"class":67},[61,59611,72],{"class":71},[61,59613,926],{"class":75},[61,59615,504],{"class":503},[61,59617,508],{"class":507},[61,59619,504],{"class":503},[61,59621,83],{"class":75},[61,59623,6285],{"class":79},[61,59625,83],{"class":75},[61,59627,4198],{"class":4133},[61,59629,943],{"class":75},[61,59631,59632],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59633,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59637,160],{"class":159},[61,59639,147],{"class":75},[61,59641,8092],{"class":143},[61,59643,153],{"class":75},[20,59645,59646],{},[39,59647,1598],{},[52,59649,59651],{"className":54,"code":59650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59652,59653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59654,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59656,4182],{"class":75},[61,59658,630],{"class":503},[61,59660,508],{"class":507},[61,59662,630],{"class":503},[61,59664,83],{"class":75},[61,59666,6285],{"class":79},[61,59668,83],{"class":75},[61,59670,4198],{"class":4133},[61,59672,943],{"class":75},[20,59674,59675,59676,3159,59679,140],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[214,59677,59678],{"href":51261},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[214,59680,59681],{"href":58776},"What is a List in Python?",[47,59683,59685],{"id":59684},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59687,59541,59688,59690],{},[15,59689,4067],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59692,59693],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[52,59695,59697],{"className":54,"code":59696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59698,59699,59719,59751,59776,59780,59790,59800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59700,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59702,900],{"class":67},[61,59704,72],{"class":71},[61,59706,926],{"class":75},[61,59708,80],{"class":79},[61,59710,83],{"class":75},[61,59712,86],{"class":79},[61,59714,83],{"class":75},[61,59716,91],{"class":79},[61,59718,943],{"class":75},[61,59720,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59722,5274],{"class":67},[61,59724,72],{"class":71},[61,59726,926],{"class":75},[61,59728,504],{"class":503},[61,59730,13161],{"class":507},[61,59732,504],{"class":503},[61,59734,83],{"class":75},[61,59736,515],{"class":503},[61,59738,36217],{"class":507},[61,59740,504],{"class":503},[61,59742,83],{"class":75},[61,59744,515],{"class":503},[61,59746,36226],{"class":507},[61,59748,504],{"class":503},[61,59750,943],{"class":75},[61,59752,59753,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59754,59755],{"class":67},"mixed ",[61,59757,72],{"class":71},[61,59759,926],{"class":75},[61,59761,2613],{"class":79},[61,59763,83],{"class":75},[61,59765,515],{"class":503},[61,59767,4126],{"class":507},[61,59769,504],{"class":503},[61,59771,83],{"class":75},[61,59773,4189],{"class":4133},[61,59775,943],{"class":75},[61,59777,59778],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,59779,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,59781,59782,59784,59786,59788],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,59783,160],{"class":159},[61,59785,147],{"class":75},[61,59787,3929],{"class":143},[61,59789,153],{"class":75},[61,59791,59792,59794,59796,59798],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,59793,160],{"class":159},[61,59795,147],{"class":75},[61,59797,5318],{"class":143},[61,59799,153],{"class":75},[61,59801,59802,59804,59806,59809],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,59803,160],{"class":159},[61,59805,147],{"class":75},[61,59807,59808],{"class":143},"mixed",[61,59810,153],{"class":75},[20,59812,59813],{},[39,59814,1598],{},[52,59816,59818],{"className":54,"code":59817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59819,59820,59836,59864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59821,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59823,4182],{"class":75},[61,59825,80],{"class":79},[61,59827,83],{"class":75},[61,59829,86],{"class":79},[61,59831,83],{"class":75},[61,59833,91],{"class":79},[61,59835,943],{"class":75},[61,59837,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59839,4182],{"class":75},[61,59841,630],{"class":503},[61,59843,13161],{"class":507},[61,59845,630],{"class":503},[61,59847,83],{"class":75},[61,59849,639],{"class":503},[61,59851,36217],{"class":507},[61,59853,630],{"class":503},[61,59855,83],{"class":75},[61,59857,639],{"class":503},[61,59859,36226],{"class":507},[61,59861,630],{"class":503},[61,59863,943],{"class":75},[61,59865,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59867,4182],{"class":75},[61,59869,2613],{"class":79},[61,59871,83],{"class":75},[61,59873,639],{"class":503},[61,59875,4126],{"class":507},[61,59877,630],{"class":503},[61,59879,83],{"class":75},[61,59881,4189],{"class":4133},[61,59883,943],{"class":75},[887,59885,59887],{"id":59886},"key-points","Key points",[29,59889,59890,59895,59897],{},[32,59891,1503,59892,59894],{},[15,59893,4067],{}," to make a new list",[32,59896,15713],{},[32,59898,59899],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[47,59901,59903],{"id":59902},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59905,59906],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[52,59908,59910],{"className":54,"code":59909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59911,59912,59920,59924,59934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59913,59914,59916,59918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59915,8592],{"class":67},[61,59917,72],{"class":71},[61,59919,8121],{"class":75},[61,59921,59922],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59923,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,59925,59926,59928,59930,59932],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59927,160],{"class":159},[61,59929,147],{"class":75},[61,59931,8623],{"class":143},[61,59933,153],{"class":75},[61,59935,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,59937,160],{"class":159},[61,59939,147],{"class":75},[61,59941,11442],{"class":159},[61,59943,147],{"class":75},[61,59945,8623],{"class":143},[61,59947,1761],{"class":75},[20,59949,59950],{},[39,59951,1598],{},[52,59953,59955],{"className":54,"code":59954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[]\n0\n",[15,59956,59957,59961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59958,59959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59960,38574],{"class":75},[61,59962,59963],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59964,47532],{"class":79},[20,59966,59967],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[52,59969,59971],{"className":54,"code":59970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59972,59973,59981,59985,60003,60021,60039,60043],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59974,59975,59977,59979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59976,5274],{"class":67},[61,59978,72],{"class":71},[61,59980,8121],{"class":75},[61,59982,59983],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59984,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,59986,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,59988,5318],{"class":67},[61,59990,140],{"class":75},[61,59992,13834],{"class":143},[61,59994,147],{"class":75},[61,59996,504],{"class":503},[61,59998,13161],{"class":507},[61,60000,504],{"class":503},[61,60002,153],{"class":75},[61,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,60006,5318],{"class":67},[61,60008,140],{"class":75},[61,60010,13834],{"class":143},[61,60012,147],{"class":75},[61,60014,504],{"class":503},[61,60016,36217],{"class":507},[61,60018,504],{"class":503},[61,60020,153],{"class":75},[61,60022,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,60024,5318],{"class":67},[61,60026,140],{"class":75},[61,60028,13834],{"class":143},[61,60030,147],{"class":75},[61,60032,504],{"class":503},[61,60034,36226],{"class":507},[61,60036,504],{"class":503},[61,60038,153],{"class":75},[61,60040,60041],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,60042,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,60044,60045,60047,60049,60051],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,60046,160],{"class":159},[61,60048,147],{"class":75},[61,60050,5318],{"class":143},[61,60052,153],{"class":75},[20,60054,60055],{},[39,60056,1598],{},[52,60058,60060],{"className":54,"code":60059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60061,60062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60063,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60065,4182],{"class":75},[61,60067,630],{"class":503},[61,60069,13161],{"class":507},[61,60071,630],{"class":503},[61,60073,83],{"class":75},[61,60075,639],{"class":503},[61,60077,36217],{"class":507},[61,60079,630],{"class":503},[61,60081,83],{"class":75},[61,60083,639],{"class":503},[61,60085,36226],{"class":507},[61,60087,630],{"class":503},[61,60089,943],{"class":75},[20,60091,60092,60093,140],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[214,60094,60095,1516],{"href":57052},[15,60096,52935],{},[47,60098,60100,60101],{"id":60099},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60102,25056],{},[20,60104,1503,60105,60107],{},[15,60106,25056],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60109,5737],{},[29,60111,60112,60114,60116,60118],{},[32,60113,5588],{},[32,60115,5582],{},[32,60117,5585],{},[32,60119,60120],{},[15,60121,36474],{},[887,60123,60125],{"id":60124},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[52,60127,60129],{"className":54,"code":60128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60130,60131,60149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60132,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60134,1028],{"class":67},[61,60136,72],{"class":71},[61,60138,22835],{"class":2071},[61,60140,147],{"class":75},[61,60142,504],{"class":503},[61,60144,41839],{"class":507},[61,60146,504],{"class":503},[61,60148,153],{"class":75},[61,60150,60151,60153,60155,60157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60152,160],{"class":159},[61,60154,147],{"class":75},[61,60156,36419],{"class":143},[61,60158,153],{"class":75},[20,60160,60161],{},[39,60162,1598],{},[52,60164,60165],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,60166,60167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60168,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60170,4182],{"class":75},[61,60172,630],{"class":503},[61,60174,214],{"class":507},[61,60176,630],{"class":503},[61,60178,83],{"class":75},[61,60180,639],{"class":503},[61,60182,329],{"class":507},[61,60184,630],{"class":503},[61,60186,83],{"class":75},[61,60188,639],{"class":503},[61,60190,1071],{"class":507},[61,60192,630],{"class":503},[61,60194,943],{"class":75},[887,60196,60198],{"id":60197},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[52,60200,60202],{"className":54,"code":60201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60203,60204,60226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60205,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60207,900],{"class":67},[61,60209,72],{"class":71},[61,60211,22835],{"class":2071},[61,60213,5790],{"class":75},[61,60215,80],{"class":79},[61,60217,83],{"class":75},[61,60219,86],{"class":79},[61,60221,83],{"class":75},[61,60223,91],{"class":79},[61,60225,1761],{"class":75},[61,60227,60228,60230,60232,60234],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60229,160],{"class":159},[61,60231,147],{"class":75},[61,60233,3929],{"class":143},[61,60235,153],{"class":75},[20,60237,60238],{},[39,60239,1598],{},[52,60241,60242],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,60243,60244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60245,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60247,4182],{"class":75},[61,60249,80],{"class":79},[61,60251,83],{"class":75},[61,60253,86],{"class":79},[61,60255,83],{"class":75},[61,60257,91],{"class":79},[61,60259,943],{"class":75},[887,60261,60263],{"id":60262},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[52,60265,60267],{"className":54,"code":60266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60268,60269,60288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60270,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60282,60284,60286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60272,4103],{"class":67},[61,60274,72],{"class":71},[61,60276,22835],{"class":2071},[61,60278,147],{"class":75},[61,60280,60281],{"class":159},"range",[61,60283,147],{"class":75},[61,60285,1013],{"class":79},[61,60287,1761],{"class":75},[61,60289,60290,60292,60294,60296],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60291,160],{"class":159},[61,60293,147],{"class":75},[61,60295,5638],{"class":143},[61,60297,153],{"class":75},[20,60299,60300],{},[39,60301,1598],{},[52,60303,60305],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60306,60307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60308,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60310,4182],{"class":75},[61,60312,2405],{"class":79},[61,60314,83],{"class":75},[61,60316,1720],{"class":79},[61,60318,83],{"class":75},[61,60320,86],{"class":79},[61,60322,83],{"class":75},[61,60324,91],{"class":79},[61,60326,83],{"class":75},[61,60328,112],{"class":79},[61,60330,943],{"class":75},[20,60332,60333,60335,60336,140],{},[15,60334,25056],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[214,60337,60339,60341],{"href":60338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60340,25056],{},": Function Explained",[47,60343,60345],{"id":60344},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60347,60348],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60350,60351],{},"Examples include:",[29,60353,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362],{},[32,60355,5588],{},[32,60357,40702],{},[32,60359,52328],{},[32,60361,40872],{},[32,60363,60364],{},"other lists",[52,60366,60368],{"className":54,"code":60367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60369,60370,60408,60412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400,60402,60404,60406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60373,9449],{"class":67},[61,60375,72],{"class":71},[61,60377,926],{"class":75},[61,60379,504],{"class":503},[61,60381,13161],{"class":507},[61,60383,504],{"class":503},[61,60385,83],{"class":75},[61,60387,9588],{"class":79},[61,60389,83],{"class":75},[61,60391,4198],{"class":4133},[61,60393,83],{"class":75},[61,60395,926],{"class":75},[61,60397,80],{"class":79},[61,60399,83],{"class":75},[61,60401,86],{"class":79},[61,60403,83],{"class":75},[61,60405,91],{"class":79},[61,60407,53525],{"class":75},[61,60409,60410],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60411,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,60413,60414,60416,60418,60420],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,60415,160],{"class":159},[61,60417,147],{"class":75},[61,60419,9488],{"class":143},[61,60421,153],{"class":75},[20,60423,60424],{},[39,60425,1598],{},[52,60427,60429],{"className":54,"code":60428,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60430,60431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60432,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60434,4182],{"class":75},[61,60436,630],{"class":503},[61,60438,13161],{"class":507},[61,60440,630],{"class":503},[61,60442,83],{"class":75},[61,60444,9588],{"class":79},[61,60446,83],{"class":75},[61,60448,4198],{"class":4133},[61,60450,83],{"class":75},[61,60452,926],{"class":75},[61,60454,80],{"class":79},[61,60456,83],{"class":75},[61,60458,86],{"class":79},[61,60460,83],{"class":75},[61,60462,91],{"class":79},[61,60464,53525],{"class":75},[20,60466,60467,60468,140],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[39,60469,60470],{},"nested list",[20,60472,60473],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[47,60475,1520],{"id":1519},[20,60477,60478],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[887,60480,60482],{"id":60481},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60484,60485],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[52,60487,60489],{"className":54,"code":60488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60490,60491,60495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60492,60493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60494,4814],{"class":173},[61,60496,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60498,900],{"class":67},[61,60500,72],{"class":71},[61,60502,926],{"class":75},[61,60504,80],{"class":79},[61,60506,86],{"class":79},[61,60508,91],{"class":79},[61,60510,943],{"class":75},[20,60512,11087],{},[52,60514,60516],{"className":54,"code":60515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60517,60518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60519,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60521,900],{"class":67},[61,60523,72],{"class":71},[61,60525,926],{"class":75},[61,60527,80],{"class":79},[61,60529,83],{"class":75},[61,60531,86],{"class":79},[61,60533,83],{"class":75},[61,60535,91],{"class":79},[61,60537,943],{"class":75},[887,60539,716,60541,11372,60543],{"id":60540},"using-instead-of",[15,60542,7646],{},[15,60544,4067],{},[20,60546,60547],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[52,60549,60551],{"className":54,"code":60550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60552,60553,60574,60578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60554,60555,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60556,60557],{"class":67},"my_values ",[61,60559,72],{"class":71},[61,60561,1058],{"class":75},[61,60563,80],{"class":79},[61,60565,83],{"class":75},[61,60567,86],{"class":79},[61,60569,83],{"class":75},[61,60571,91],{"class":79},[61,60573,153],{"class":75},[61,60575,60576],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60577,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,60579,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60591],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,60581,160],{"class":159},[61,60583,147],{"class":75},[61,60585,2072],{"class":2071},[61,60587,147],{"class":75},[61,60589,60590],{"class":143},"my_values",[61,60592,1761],{"class":75},[20,60594,60595],{},[39,60596,1598],{},[52,60598,60600],{"className":54,"code":60599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60601,60602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60603,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60605,3571],{"class":71},[61,60607,3574],{"class":2350},[61,60609,639],{"class":503},[61,60611,49234],{"class":507},[61,60613,630],{"class":503},[61,60615,3583],{"class":71},[20,60617,60618],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[52,60620,60622],{"className":54,"code":60621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60623,60624,60644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60625,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60627,60557],{"class":67},[61,60629,72],{"class":71},[61,60631,926],{"class":75},[61,60633,80],{"class":79},[61,60635,83],{"class":75},[61,60637,86],{"class":79},[61,60639,83],{"class":75},[61,60641,91],{"class":79},[61,60643,943],{"class":75},[61,60645,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60647,160],{"class":159},[61,60649,147],{"class":75},[61,60651,2072],{"class":2071},[61,60653,147],{"class":75},[61,60655,60590],{"class":143},[61,60657,1761],{"class":75},[887,60659,1524,60661,60664],{"id":60660},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60662,60663],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60666,60667,60669],{},[15,60668,25056],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[52,60671,60673],{"className":54,"code":60672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60674,60675,60694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60676,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60690,60692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60678,132],{"class":67},[61,60680,72],{"class":71},[61,60682,22835],{"class":2071},[61,60684,147],{"class":75},[61,60686,504],{"class":503},[61,60688,60689],{"class":507},"hello world",[61,60691,504],{"class":503},[61,60693,153],{"class":75},[61,60695,60696,60698,60700,60702],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60697,160],{"class":159},[61,60699,147],{"class":75},[61,60701,165],{"class":143},[61,60703,153],{"class":75},[20,60705,60706],{},[39,60707,1598],{},[52,60709,60711],{"className":54,"code":60710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60712,60713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60714,60715,60717,60719,60722,60724,60726,60728,60731,60733,60735,60737,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765,60767,60769,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60716,4182],{"class":75},[61,60718,630],{"class":503},[61,60720,60721],{"class":507},"h",[61,60723,630],{"class":503},[61,60725,83],{"class":75},[61,60727,639],{"class":503},[61,60729,60730],{"class":507},"e",[61,60732,630],{"class":503},[61,60734,83],{"class":75},[61,60736,639],{"class":503},[61,60738,60739],{"class":507},"l",[61,60741,630],{"class":503},[61,60743,83],{"class":75},[61,60745,639],{"class":503},[61,60747,60739],{"class":507},[61,60749,630],{"class":503},[61,60751,83],{"class":75},[61,60753,639],{"class":503},[61,60755,60756],{"class":507},"o",[61,60758,630],{"class":503},[61,60760,83],{"class":75},[61,60762,639],{"class":503},[61,60764,639],{"class":503},[61,60766,83],{"class":75},[61,60768,639],{"class":503},[61,60770,60771],{"class":507},"w",[61,60773,630],{"class":503},[61,60775,83],{"class":75},[61,60777,639],{"class":503},[61,60779,60756],{"class":507},[61,60781,630],{"class":503},[61,60783,83],{"class":75},[61,60785,639],{"class":503},[61,60787,60788],{"class":507},"r",[61,60790,630],{"class":503},[61,60792,83],{"class":75},[61,60794,639],{"class":503},[61,60796,60739],{"class":507},[61,60798,630],{"class":503},[61,60800,83],{"class":75},[61,60802,639],{"class":503},[61,60804,1080],{"class":507},[61,60806,630],{"class":503},[61,60808,943],{"class":75},[20,60810,60811,60812,60815],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60813,60814],{},"split()"," instead:",[52,60817,60819],{"className":54,"code":60818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60820,60821,60839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60822,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60824,1778],{"class":67},[61,60826,72],{"class":71},[61,60828,515],{"class":503},[61,60830,60689],{"class":507},[61,60832,504],{"class":503},[61,60834,140],{"class":75},[61,60836,34743],{"class":143},[61,60838,8926],{"class":75},[61,60840,60841,60843,60845,60847],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60842,160],{"class":159},[61,60844,147],{"class":75},[61,60846,4394],{"class":143},[61,60848,153],{"class":75},[20,60850,60851],{},[39,60852,1598],{},[52,60854,60856],{"className":54,"code":60855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60857,60858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60859,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60875,60877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60861,4182],{"class":75},[61,60863,630],{"class":503},[61,60865,4126],{"class":507},[61,60867,630],{"class":503},[61,60869,83],{"class":75},[61,60871,639],{"class":503},[61,60873,60874],{"class":507},"world",[61,60876,630],{"class":503},[61,60878,943],{"class":75},[887,60880,60882],{"id":60881},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60884,60885],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[52,60887,60889],{"className":54,"code":60888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60890,60891,60895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60892,60893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60894,4814],{"class":173},[61,60896,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907,60909,60911,60913,60916,60918,60920,60922],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60898,5274],{"class":67},[61,60900,72],{"class":71},[61,60902,926],{"class":75},[61,60904,504],{"class":503},[61,60906,13161],{"class":507},[61,60908,504],{"class":503},[61,60910,83],{"class":75},[61,60912,515],{"class":503},[61,60914,60915],{"class":507},"Ben', ",[61,60917,504],{"class":503},[61,60919,36226],{"class":67},[61,60921,504],{"class":503},[61,60923,943],{"class":507},[20,60925,60926],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[52,60928,60930],{"className":54,"code":60929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60931,60932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60933,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60935,5274],{"class":67},[61,60937,72],{"class":71},[61,60939,926],{"class":75},[61,60941,504],{"class":503},[61,60943,13161],{"class":507},[61,60945,504],{"class":503},[61,60947,83],{"class":75},[61,60949,515],{"class":503},[61,60951,36217],{"class":507},[61,60953,504],{"class":503},[61,60955,83],{"class":75},[61,60957,515],{"class":503},[61,60959,36226],{"class":507},[61,60961,504],{"class":503},[61,60963,943],{"class":75},[887,60965,60967],{"id":60966},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60969,60970],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[29,60972,60973,60976,60979,60984],{},[32,60974,60975],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[32,60977,60978],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[32,60980,60981,60982],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60983,25056],{},[32,60985,1524,60986,60989],{},[15,60987,60988],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[887,60991,60993],{"id":60992},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[52,60995,60997],{"className":54,"code":60996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60998,60999,61009,61023,61037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61000,61001,61003,61005,61007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61002,160],{"class":159},[61,61004,147],{"class":75},[61,61006,8623],{"class":143},[61,61008,153],{"class":75},[61,61010,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61012,160],{"class":159},[61,61014,147],{"class":75},[61,61016,2072],{"class":2071},[61,61018,147],{"class":75},[61,61020,8623],{"class":143},[61,61022,1761],{"class":75},[61,61024,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61026,160],{"class":159},[61,61028,147],{"class":75},[61,61030,11442],{"class":159},[61,61032,147],{"class":75},[61,61034,8623],{"class":143},[61,61036,1761],{"class":75},[61,61038,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61053],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61040,160],{"class":159},[61,61042,147],{"class":75},[61,61044,8377],{"class":2071},[61,61046,147],{"class":75},[61,61048,60281],{"class":159},[61,61050,147],{"class":75},[61,61052,1013],{"class":79},[61,61054,3193],{"class":75},[20,61056,26284],{},[29,61058,61059,61062,61065,61068],{},[32,61060,61061],{},"what the list contains",[32,61063,61064],{},"whether the value is really a list",[32,61066,61067],{},"how many items it has",[32,61069,26295,61070,61072,61073],{},[15,61071,25056],{}," does with ",[15,61074,36474],{},[47,61076,61078],{"id":61077},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61080,61081],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61083,61084],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[29,61086,61087,61102,61107],{},[32,61088,1503,61089,1830,61093,1833,61097,61101],{},[214,61090,61091],{"href":57052},[15,61092,52935],{},[214,61094,61095],{"href":53627},[15,61096,53729],{},[214,61098,61099],{"href":54191},[15,61100,54551],{}," to add items later",[32,61103,1503,61104,61106],{},[214,61105,59678],{"href":51261}," for a broader introduction",[32,61108,1503,61109,61113],{},[214,61110,61111,60341],{"href":60338},[15,61112,25056],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[47,61115,2109],{"id":2108},[887,61117,61119],{"id":61118},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61121,61122],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[52,61124,61125],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,61126,61127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61128,61129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61130,38574],{"class":75},[887,61132,61134],{"id":61133},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61136,61137],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[52,61139,61140],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,61141,61142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61143,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61145,4182],{"class":75},[61,61147,80],{"class":79},[61,61149,83],{"class":75},[61,61151,86],{"class":79},[61,61153,83],{"class":75},[61,61155,91],{"class":79},[61,61157,943],{"class":75},[887,61159,5422,61161,61163],{"id":61160},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61162,25056],{}," do in Python?",[20,61165,61166,61167,61169],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61168,36474],{},", into a list.",[887,61171,61173],{"id":61172},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61175,61176],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[887,61178,2153,61180,700,61182,2159],{"id":61179},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61181,4067],{},[15,61183,7646],{},[20,61185,61186,61188,61189,61191],{},[15,61187,4067],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61190,7646],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[47,61193,2172],{"id":2171},[29,61195,61196,61200,61206,61212,61218,61224,61228],{},[32,61197,61198],{},[214,61199,59678],{"href":51261},[32,61201,61202],{},[214,61203,55803,61204,18],{"href":57052},[15,61205,52935],{},[32,61207,61208],{},[214,61209,55803,61210,18],{"href":53627},[15,61211,53729],{},[32,61213,61214],{},[214,61215,55803,61216,18],{"href":54191},[15,61217,54551],{},[32,61219,61220],{},[214,61221,13,61222,3860],{"href":60338},[15,61223,25056],{},[32,61225,61226],{},[214,61227,59681],{"href":58776},[32,61229,61230],{},[214,61231,61232],{"href":12345},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61234,61235,61236,61238],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61237,52935],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2204,61240,61241],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":61243},[61244,61245,61246,61247,61250,61251,61257,61258,61268,61269,61278],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":59573,"depth":97,"text":59574},{"id":59684,"depth":97,"text":59685,"children":61248},[61249],{"id":59886,"depth":122,"text":59887},{"id":59902,"depth":97,"text":59903},{"id":60099,"depth":97,"text":61252,"children":61253},"Create a list with list()",[61254,61255,61256],{"id":60124,"depth":122,"text":60125},{"id":60197,"depth":122,"text":60198},{"id":60262,"depth":122,"text":60263},{"id":60344,"depth":97,"text":60345},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":61259},[61260,61261,61263,61265,61266,61267],{"id":60481,"depth":122,"text":60482},{"id":60540,"depth":122,"text":61262},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60660,"depth":122,"text":61264},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60881,"depth":122,"text":60882},{"id":60966,"depth":122,"text":60967},{"id":60992,"depth":122,"text":60993},{"id":61077,"depth":97,"text":61078},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":61270},[61271,61272,61273,61275,61276],{"id":61118,"depth":122,"text":61119},{"id":61133,"depth":122,"text":61134},{"id":61160,"depth":122,"text":61274},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61172,"depth":122,"text":61173},{"id":61179,"depth":122,"text":61277},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59315,"description":61279},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61286,"title":61287,"body":61288,"description":63026,"extension":2249,"meta":63027,"navigation":125,"path":63028,"seo":63029,"stem":63030,"__hash__":63031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61289,"toc":62981},[61290,61295,61300,61303,61305,61374,61379,61384,61388,61402,61407,61409,61429,61434,61437,61460,61464,61469,61561,61563,61585,61591,61597,61604,61611,61617,61674,61680,61738,61740,61752,61760,61766,61771,61775,61832,61835,61839,61898,61901,61905,61963,61975,61979,62032,62035,62039,62045,62051,62113,62116,62177,62180,62236,62241,62243,62247,62254,62315,62320,62329,62385,62392,62396,62454,62463,62521,62525,62560,62564,62574,62576,62631,62645,62648,62763,62768,62772,62783,62785,62864,62874,62876,62881,62886,62893,62901,62907,62910,62916,62919,62925,62931,62933,62969,62978],[10,61291,54625,61293,18],{"id":61292},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61294,53729],{},[20,61296,61297,61299],{},[15,61298,53630],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61301,61302],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[47,61304,50],{"id":49},[52,61306,61308],{"className":54,"code":61307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61309,61310,61326,61342,61346,61360,61370],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61311,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61313,900],{"class":67},[61,61315,72],{"class":71},[61,61317,926],{"class":75},[61,61319,80],{"class":79},[61,61321,83],{"class":75},[61,61323,86],{"class":79},[61,61325,943],{"class":75},[61,61327,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61329,921],{"class":67},[61,61331,72],{"class":71},[61,61333,926],{"class":75},[61,61335,107],{"class":79},[61,61337,83],{"class":75},[61,61339,112],{"class":79},[61,61341,943],{"class":75},[61,61343,61344],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61345,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61347,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61349,3929],{"class":67},[61,61351,140],{"class":75},[61,61353,53759],{"class":143},[61,61355,147],{"class":75},[61,61357,965],{"class":143},[61,61359,153],{"class":75},[61,61361,61362,61364,61366,61368],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61363,160],{"class":159},[61,61365,147],{"class":75},[61,61367,3929],{"class":143},[61,61369,153],{"class":75},[61,61371,61372],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,61373,53006],{"class":173},[20,61375,1503,61376,61378],{},[15,61377,53729],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[47,61380,184,61382,187],{"id":61381},"what-listextend-does",[15,61383,53630],{},[20,61385,61386,192],{},[15,61387,53729],{},[29,61389,61390,61393,61395,61398],{},[32,61391,61392],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[32,61394,54711],{},[32,61396,61397],{},"Does not create a new list",[32,61399,11704,61400],{},[15,61401,4058],{},[20,61403,61404,61405,54084],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61406,53729],{},[47,61408,221],{"id":220},[52,61410,61412],{"className":54,"code":61411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61413,61414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61415,61416,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61417,61418],{"class":67},"list_name",[61,61420,140],{"class":75},[61,61422,53759],{"class":143},[61,61424,147],{"class":75},[61,61426,4000],{"class":143},[61,61428,153],{"class":75},[20,61430,5732,61431,61433],{},[39,61432,4000],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61435,61436],{},"Common iterables include:",[29,61438,61439,61443,61447,61451,61456],{},[32,61440,61441],{},[15,61442,8377],{},[32,61444,61445],{},[15,61446,49234],{},[32,61448,61449],{},[15,61450,2098],{},[32,61452,61453],{},[15,61454,61455],{},"string",[32,61457,61458],{},[15,61459,60281],{},[47,61461,61463],{"id":61462},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61465,61466,61467,192],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61468,53729],{},[52,61470,61472],{"className":54,"code":61471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61473,61474,61498,61523,61527,61542,61546,61556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61475,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61477,36515],{"class":67},[61,61479,72],{"class":71},[61,61481,926],{"class":75},[61,61483,504],{"class":503},[61,61485,508],{"class":507},[61,61487,504],{"class":503},[61,61489,83],{"class":75},[61,61491,515],{"class":503},[61,61493,518],{"class":507},[61,61495,504],{"class":503},[61,61497,943],{"class":75},[61,61499,61500,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61501,61502],{"class":67},"more_fruits ",[61,61504,72],{"class":71},[61,61506,926],{"class":75},[61,61508,504],{"class":503},[61,61510,527],{"class":507},[61,61512,504],{"class":503},[61,61514,83],{"class":75},[61,61516,515],{"class":503},[61,61518,553],{"class":507},[61,61520,504],{"class":503},[61,61522,943],{"class":75},[61,61524,61525],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61526,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61528,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61540],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61530,36567],{"class":67},[61,61532,140],{"class":75},[61,61534,53759],{"class":143},[61,61536,147],{"class":75},[61,61538,61539],{"class":143},"more_fruits",[61,61541,153],{"class":75},[61,61543,61544],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61545,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61547,61548,61550,61552,61554],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,61549,160],{"class":159},[61,61551,147],{"class":75},[61,61553,36567],{"class":143},[61,61555,153],{"class":75},[61,61557,61558],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,61559,61560],{"class":173},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61562,11963],{},[29,61564,61565,61570,61575],{},[32,61566,61567,61569],{},[15,61568,36567],{}," starts with two items",[32,61571,61572,61574],{},[15,61573,61539],{}," has two more items",[32,61576,61577,61579,61580,61582,61583],{},[15,61578,53729],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61581,61539],{}," to ",[15,61584,36567],{},[20,61586,61587,61588,61590],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61589,36567],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61592,54850,61593,700,61595,140],{},[214,61594,53054],{"href":51261},[214,61596,57437],{"href":57436},[47,61598,61600,1310,61602],{"id":61599},"extend-vs-append",[15,61601,53729],{},[15,61603,52935],{},[20,61605,61606,700,61608,61610],{},[15,61607,53729],{},[15,61609,52935],{}," are often confused.",[887,61612,61614,61616],{"id":61613},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61615,53729],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[52,61618,61620],{"className":54,"code":61619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61621,61622,61638,61656,61660,61670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61623,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61625,900],{"class":67},[61,61627,72],{"class":71},[61,61629,926],{"class":75},[61,61631,80],{"class":79},[61,61633,83],{"class":75},[61,61635,86],{"class":79},[61,61637,943],{"class":75},[61,61639,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61641,3929],{"class":67},[61,61643,140],{"class":75},[61,61645,53759],{"class":143},[61,61647,1878],{"class":75},[61,61649,107],{"class":79},[61,61651,83],{"class":75},[61,61653,112],{"class":79},[61,61655,1887],{"class":75},[61,61657,61658],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61659,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61661,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61663,160],{"class":159},[61,61665,147],{"class":75},[61,61667,3929],{"class":143},[61,61669,153],{"class":75},[61,61671,61672],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61673,53006],{"class":173},[887,61675,61677,61679],{"id":61676},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61678,52935],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[52,61681,61683],{"className":54,"code":61682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61684,61685,61701,61719,61723,61733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61686,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61688,900],{"class":67},[61,61690,72],{"class":71},[61,61692,926],{"class":75},[61,61694,80],{"class":79},[61,61696,83],{"class":75},[61,61698,86],{"class":79},[61,61700,943],{"class":75},[61,61702,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61704,3929],{"class":67},[61,61706,140],{"class":75},[61,61708,13834],{"class":143},[61,61710,1878],{"class":75},[61,61712,107],{"class":79},[61,61714,83],{"class":75},[61,61716,112],{"class":79},[61,61718,1887],{"class":75},[61,61720,61721],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61722,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61726,160],{"class":159},[61,61728,147],{"class":75},[61,61730,3929],{"class":143},[61,61732,153],{"class":75},[61,61734,61735],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61736,61737],{"class":173},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61739,18974],{},[29,61741,61742,61747],{},[32,61743,61744,61746],{},[15,61745,53729],{}," to combine values",[32,61748,61749,61751],{},[15,61750,52935],{}," to add one item",[20,61753,42372,61754,700,61758,140],{},[214,61755,55803,61756,1516],{"href":57052},[15,61757,52935],{},[214,61759,53332],{"href":53331},[47,61761,716,61763,61765],{"id":61762},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61764,53729],{}," with different iterables",[20,61767,61768,61770],{},[15,61769,53729],{}," works with more than just lists.",[887,61772,61774],{"id":61773},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[52,61776,61778],{"className":54,"code":61777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61779,61780,61796,61814,61818,61828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61781,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61783,4103],{"class":67},[61,61785,72],{"class":71},[61,61787,926],{"class":75},[61,61789,80],{"class":79},[61,61791,83],{"class":75},[61,61793,86],{"class":79},[61,61795,943],{"class":75},[61,61797,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810,61812],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61799,5638],{"class":67},[61,61801,140],{"class":75},[61,61803,53759],{"class":143},[61,61805,5790],{"class":75},[61,61807,107],{"class":79},[61,61809,83],{"class":75},[61,61811,112],{"class":79},[61,61813,1761],{"class":75},[61,61815,61816],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61817,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61819,61820,61822,61824,61826],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61821,160],{"class":159},[61,61823,147],{"class":75},[61,61825,5638],{"class":143},[61,61827,153],{"class":75},[61,61829,61830],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61831,53006],{"class":173},[20,61833,61834],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[887,61836,61838],{"id":61837},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[52,61840,61842],{"className":54,"code":61841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61843,61844,61860,61879,61883,61893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61847,1028],{"class":67},[61,61849,72],{"class":71},[61,61851,926],{"class":75},[61,61853,504],{"class":503},[61,61855,214],{"class":507},[61,61857,504],{"class":503},[61,61859,943],{"class":75},[61,61861,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872,61875,61877],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61863,36419],{"class":67},[61,61865,140],{"class":75},[61,61867,53759],{"class":143},[61,61869,147],{"class":75},[61,61871,504],{"class":503},[61,61873,61874],{"class":507},"bc",[61,61876,504],{"class":503},[61,61878,153],{"class":75},[61,61880,61881],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61882,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61884,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61886,160],{"class":159},[61,61888,147],{"class":75},[61,61890,36419],{"class":143},[61,61892,153],{"class":75},[61,61894,61895],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61896,61897],{"class":173},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61899,61900],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[887,61902,61904],{"id":61903},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[52,61906,61908],{"className":54,"code":61907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61909,61910,61922,61944,61948,61958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61911,61912,61914,61916,61918,61920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61913,900],{"class":67},[61,61915,72],{"class":71},[61,61917,926],{"class":75},[61,61919,2405],{"class":79},[61,61921,943],{"class":75},[61,61923,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61925,3929],{"class":67},[61,61927,140],{"class":75},[61,61929,53759],{"class":143},[61,61931,147],{"class":75},[61,61933,60281],{"class":159},[61,61935,147],{"class":75},[61,61937,80],{"class":79},[61,61939,83],{"class":75},[61,61941,112],{"class":79},[61,61943,1761],{"class":75},[61,61945,61946],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,61947,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,61949,61950,61952,61954,61956],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,61951,160],{"class":159},[61,61953,147],{"class":75},[61,61955,3929],{"class":143},[61,61957,153],{"class":75},[61,61959,61960],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,61961,61962],{"class":173},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61964,61965,61968,61969,1830,61971,1833,61973,140],{},[15,61966,61967],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61970,80],{},[15,61972,301],{},[15,61974,107],{},[887,61976,61978],{"id":61977},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[52,61980,61982],{"className":54,"code":61981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61983,61984,62000,62018,62022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61985,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61987,8061],{"class":67},[61,61989,72],{"class":71},[61,61991,926],{"class":75},[61,61993,80],{"class":79},[61,61995,83],{"class":75},[61,61997,86],{"class":79},[61,61999,943],{"class":75},[61,62001,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62003,8092],{"class":67},[61,62005,140],{"class":75},[61,62007,53759],{"class":143},[61,62009,5809],{"class":75},[61,62011,107],{"class":79},[61,62013,83],{"class":75},[61,62015,112],{"class":79},[61,62017,30771],{"class":75},[61,62019,62020],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62021,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62023,62024,62026,62028,62030],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62025,160],{"class":159},[61,62027,147],{"class":75},[61,62029,8092],{"class":143},[61,62031,153],{"class":75},[20,62033,62034],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[47,62036,62038],{"id":62037},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62040,62041,2680,62043,140],{},[15,62042,53729],{},[15,62044,4058],{},[20,62046,62047,62048,192],{},"That means this is ",[39,62049,62050],{},"wrong",[52,62052,62054],{"className":54,"code":62053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62055,62056,62072,62094,62098,62108],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62059,900],{"class":67},[61,62061,72],{"class":71},[61,62063,926],{"class":75},[61,62065,80],{"class":79},[61,62067,83],{"class":75},[61,62069,86],{"class":79},[61,62071,943],{"class":75},[61,62073,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62075,132],{"class":67},[61,62077,72],{"class":71},[61,62079,956],{"class":67},[61,62081,140],{"class":75},[61,62083,53759],{"class":143},[61,62085,1878],{"class":75},[61,62087,107],{"class":79},[61,62089,83],{"class":75},[61,62091,112],{"class":79},[61,62093,1887],{"class":75},[61,62095,62096],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62097,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62099,62100,62102,62104,62106],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62101,160],{"class":159},[61,62103,147],{"class":75},[61,62105,165],{"class":143},[61,62107,153],{"class":75},[61,62109,62110],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62111,62112],{"class":173},"# None\n",[20,62114,62115],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[52,62117,62119],{"className":54,"code":62118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62120,62121,62137,62159,62163,62173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62122,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62124,900],{"class":67},[61,62126,72],{"class":71},[61,62128,926],{"class":75},[61,62130,80],{"class":79},[61,62132,83],{"class":75},[61,62134,86],{"class":79},[61,62136,943],{"class":75},[61,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62140,900],{"class":67},[61,62142,72],{"class":71},[61,62144,956],{"class":67},[61,62146,140],{"class":75},[61,62148,53759],{"class":143},[61,62150,1878],{"class":75},[61,62152,107],{"class":79},[61,62154,83],{"class":75},[61,62156,112],{"class":79},[61,62158,1887],{"class":75},[61,62160,62161],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62162,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62164,62165,62167,62169,62171],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62166,160],{"class":159},[61,62168,147],{"class":75},[61,62170,3929],{"class":143},[61,62172,153],{"class":75},[61,62174,62175],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62176,62112],{"class":173},[20,62178,62179],{},"The correct way is:",[52,62181,62182],{"className":54,"code":61619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,62183,62184,62200,62218,62222,62232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62185,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62187,900],{"class":67},[61,62189,72],{"class":71},[61,62191,926],{"class":75},[61,62193,80],{"class":79},[61,62195,83],{"class":75},[61,62197,86],{"class":79},[61,62199,943],{"class":75},[61,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62203,3929],{"class":67},[61,62205,140],{"class":75},[61,62207,53759],{"class":143},[61,62209,1878],{"class":75},[61,62211,107],{"class":79},[61,62213,83],{"class":75},[61,62215,112],{"class":79},[61,62217,1887],{"class":75},[61,62219,62220],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62221,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62225,160],{"class":159},[61,62227,147],{"class":75},[61,62229,3929],{"class":143},[61,62231,153],{"class":75},[61,62233,62234],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62235,53006],{"class":173},[20,62237,56192,62238,62240],{},[15,62239,53729],{}," first, then use the original list.",[47,62242,1520],{"id":1519},[20,62244,15014,62245,140],{},[15,62246,53729],{},[887,62248,62250,62251,62253],{"id":62249},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62252,53729],{}," to return a new list",[52,62255,62257],{"className":54,"code":62256,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62258,62259,62275,62297,62301,62311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62260,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62262,900],{"class":67},[61,62264,72],{"class":71},[61,62266,926],{"class":75},[61,62268,80],{"class":79},[61,62270,83],{"class":75},[61,62272,86],{"class":79},[61,62274,943],{"class":75},[61,62276,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62278,55925],{"class":67},[61,62280,72],{"class":71},[61,62282,956],{"class":67},[61,62284,140],{"class":75},[61,62286,53759],{"class":143},[61,62288,1878],{"class":75},[61,62290,107],{"class":79},[61,62292,83],{"class":75},[61,62294,112],{"class":79},[61,62296,1887],{"class":75},[61,62298,62299],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62300,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62302,62303,62305,62307,62309],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62304,160],{"class":159},[61,62306,147],{"class":75},[61,62308,55944],{"class":143},[61,62310,153],{"class":75},[61,62312,62313],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62314,62112],{"class":173},[20,62316,62317,62318,140],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62319,53729],{},[887,62321,62323,62324,44909,62326,62328],{"id":62322},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62325,52935],{},[15,62327,53729],{}," is needed",[52,62330,62331],{"className":54,"code":61682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,62332,62333,62349,62367,62371,62381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62336,900],{"class":67},[61,62338,72],{"class":71},[61,62340,926],{"class":75},[61,62342,80],{"class":79},[61,62344,83],{"class":75},[61,62346,86],{"class":79},[61,62348,943],{"class":75},[61,62350,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62352,3929],{"class":67},[61,62354,140],{"class":75},[61,62356,13834],{"class":143},[61,62358,1878],{"class":75},[61,62360,107],{"class":79},[61,62362,83],{"class":75},[61,62364,112],{"class":79},[61,62366,1887],{"class":75},[61,62368,62369],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62370,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62374,160],{"class":159},[61,62376,147],{"class":75},[61,62378,3929],{"class":143},[61,62380,153],{"class":75},[61,62382,62383],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62384,61737],{"class":173},[20,62386,62387,62388,54174,62390,6910],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62389,54173],{},[15,62391,53729],{},[887,62393,62395],{"id":62394},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[52,62397,62399],{"className":54,"code":62398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62400,62401,62417,62435,62439,62449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62404,1778],{"class":67},[61,62406,72],{"class":71},[61,62408,926],{"class":75},[61,62410,504],{"class":503},[61,62412,4126],{"class":507},[61,62414,504],{"class":503},[61,62416,943],{"class":75},[61,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62420,4394],{"class":67},[61,62422,140],{"class":75},[61,62424,53759],{"class":143},[61,62426,147],{"class":75},[61,62428,504],{"class":503},[61,62430,60874],{"class":507},[61,62432,504],{"class":503},[61,62434,153],{"class":75},[61,62436,62437],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62438,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62440,62441,62443,62445,62447],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62442,160],{"class":159},[61,62444,147],{"class":75},[61,62446,4394],{"class":143},[61,62448,153],{"class":75},[61,62450,62451],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62452,62453],{"class":173},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62455,62456,62457,62460,62461,192],{},"If you want ",[15,62458,62459],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62462,52935],{},[52,62464,62466],{"className":54,"code":62465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62467,62468,62484,62502,62506,62516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62469,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62471,1778],{"class":67},[61,62473,72],{"class":71},[61,62475,926],{"class":75},[61,62477,504],{"class":503},[61,62479,4126],{"class":507},[61,62481,504],{"class":503},[61,62483,943],{"class":75},[61,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62487,4394],{"class":67},[61,62489,140],{"class":75},[61,62491,13834],{"class":143},[61,62493,147],{"class":75},[61,62495,504],{"class":503},[61,62497,60874],{"class":507},[61,62499,504],{"class":503},[61,62501,153],{"class":75},[61,62503,62504],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62505,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62507,62508,62510,62512,62514],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62509,160],{"class":159},[61,62511,147],{"class":75},[61,62513,4394],{"class":143},[61,62515,153],{"class":75},[61,62517,62518],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62519,62520],{"class":173},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[887,62522,62524],{"id":62523},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[52,62526,62528],{"className":54,"code":62527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62529,62530,62546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62531,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542,62544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62533,900],{"class":67},[61,62535,72],{"class":71},[61,62537,926],{"class":75},[61,62539,80],{"class":79},[61,62541,83],{"class":75},[61,62543,86],{"class":79},[61,62545,943],{"class":75},[61,62547,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62549,3929],{"class":67},[61,62551,140],{"class":75},[61,62553,53759],{"class":143},[61,62555,147],{"class":75},[61,62557,1013],{"class":79},[61,62559,153],{"class":75},[20,62561,39931,62562,6830],{},[15,62563,1013],{},[20,62565,62566,62567,62569,62570,62573],{},"You will get a ",[15,62568,3285],{},". See ",[214,62571,62572],{"href":52882},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62575,2046],{},[52,62577,62579],{"className":54,"code":62578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62580,62581,62591,62605,62617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62582,62583,62585,62587,62589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62584,160],{"class":159},[61,62586,147],{"class":75},[61,62588,8623],{"class":143},[61,62590,153],{"class":75},[61,62592,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62594,160],{"class":159},[61,62596,147],{"class":75},[61,62598,2072],{"class":2071},[61,62600,147],{"class":75},[61,62602,5638],{"class":143},[61,62604,1761],{"class":75},[61,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62608,160],{"class":159},[61,62610,147],{"class":75},[61,62612,165],{"class":143},[61,62614,442],{"class":75},[61,62616,153],{"class":67},[61,62618,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62620,2093],{"class":159},[61,62622,147],{"class":75},[61,62624,8377],{"class":2071},[61,62626,140],{"class":75},[61,62628,53759],{"class":2103},[61,62630,153],{"class":75},[43859,62632,62633],{},[20,62634,62635,62636,62639,62640,62642,62643,140],{},"Note: ",[15,62637,62638],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62641,442],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62644,33302],{},[20,62646,62647],{},"Correct debugging example:",[52,62649,62651],{"className":54,"code":62650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62652,62653,62669,62685,62689,62703,62707,62715,62725,62739,62749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62654,62655,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62656,8592],{"class":67},[61,62658,72],{"class":71},[61,62660,926],{"class":75},[61,62662,80],{"class":79},[61,62664,83],{"class":75},[61,62666,86],{"class":79},[61,62668,943],{"class":75},[61,62670,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62672,4103],{"class":67},[61,62674,72],{"class":71},[61,62676,926],{"class":75},[61,62678,107],{"class":79},[61,62680,83],{"class":75},[61,62682,112],{"class":79},[61,62684,943],{"class":75},[61,62686,62687],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62688,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62690,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62692,8623],{"class":67},[61,62694,140],{"class":75},[61,62696,53759],{"class":143},[61,62698,147],{"class":75},[61,62700,5638],{"class":143},[61,62702,153],{"class":75},[61,62704,62705],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62706,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62708,62709,62711,62713],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,62710,132],{"class":67},[61,62712,72],{"class":71},[61,62714,48808],{"class":4133},[61,62716,62717,62719,62721,62723],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,62718,160],{"class":159},[61,62720,147],{"class":75},[61,62722,8623],{"class":143},[61,62724,153],{"class":75},[61,62726,62727,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,62728,160],{"class":159},[61,62730,147],{"class":75},[61,62732,2072],{"class":2071},[61,62734,147],{"class":75},[61,62736,5638],{"class":143},[61,62738,1761],{"class":75},[61,62740,62741,62743,62745,62747],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,62742,160],{"class":159},[61,62744,147],{"class":75},[61,62746,165],{"class":143},[61,62748,153],{"class":75},[61,62750,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,62752,2093],{"class":159},[61,62754,147],{"class":75},[61,62756,8377],{"class":2071},[61,62758,140],{"class":75},[61,62760,53759],{"class":2103},[61,62762,153],{"class":75},[47,62764,5240,62766],{"id":62765},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62767,53729],{},[20,62769,1503,62770,6597],{},[15,62771,53729],{},[29,62773,62774,62777,62780],{},[32,62775,62776],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[32,62778,62779],{},"Add multiple values at once",[32,62781,62782],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62784,5752],{},[52,62786,62788],{"className":54,"code":62787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62789,62790,62807,62825,62829,62845,62849,62859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62791,62792,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62793,62794],{"class":67},"all_scores ",[61,62796,72],{"class":71},[61,62798,926],{"class":75},[61,62800,13783],{"class":79},[61,62802,83],{"class":75},[61,62804,13788],{"class":79},[61,62806,943],{"class":75},[61,62808,62809,62812,62814,62816,62818,62820,62823],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62810,62811],{"class":67},"new_scores ",[61,62813,72],{"class":71},[61,62815,926],{"class":75},[61,62817,51787],{"class":79},[61,62819,83],{"class":75},[61,62821,62822],{"class":79}," 92",[61,62824,943],{"class":75},[61,62826,62827],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,62828,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62830,62831,62834,62836,62838,62840,62843],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,62832,62833],{"class":67},"all_scores",[61,62835,140],{"class":75},[61,62837,53759],{"class":143},[61,62839,147],{"class":75},[61,62841,62842],{"class":143},"new_scores",[61,62844,153],{"class":75},[61,62846,62847],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,62848,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,62850,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,62852,160],{"class":159},[61,62854,147],{"class":75},[61,62856,62833],{"class":143},[61,62858,153],{"class":75},[61,62860,62861],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,62862,62863],{"class":173},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62865,62866,62867,62869,62870,140],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62868,52935],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[214,62871,55803,62872,1516],{"href":54191},[15,62873,54551],{},[47,62875,2109],{"id":2108},[887,62877,2113,62879,55752],{"id":62878},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62880,53630],{},[20,62882,62883,62884,140],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62885,4058],{},[887,62887,2153,62889,700,62891,2159],{"id":62888},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62890,53729],{},[15,62892,52935],{},[20,62894,62895,62897,62898,62900],{},[15,62896,53729],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62899,52935],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[887,62902,2133,62904,62906],{"id":62903},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62905,53729],{}," with a string?",[20,62908,62909],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[887,62911,2133,62913,62915],{"id":62912},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62914,53729],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62917,62918],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[887,62920,62922,62923,2159],{"id":62921},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62924,53729],{},[20,62926,62927,62928,62930],{},"You get a ",[15,62929,3285],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[47,62932,2172],{"id":2171},[29,62934,62935,62941,62945,62949,62953,62959,62963],{},[32,62936,62937],{},[214,62938,55803,62939,1516],{"href":57052},[15,62940,52935],{},[32,62942,62943],{},[214,62944,54561],{"href":53331},[32,62946,62947],{},[214,62948,57511],{"href":57436},[32,62950,62951],{},[214,62952,53054],{"href":51261},[32,62954,62955],{},[214,62956,55803,62957,1516],{"href":54191},[15,62958,54551],{},[32,62960,62961],{},[214,62962,62572],{"href":52882},[32,62964,62965],{},[214,62966,55803,62967,1516],{"href":55243},[15,62968,13057],{},[20,62970,62971,62972,62974,62975,62977],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62973,52935],{},", when to use ",[15,62976,54551],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2204,62979,62980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":62982},[62983,62984,62986,62987,62988,62995,63002,63003,63011,63013,63025],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":61381,"depth":97,"text":62985},"What list.extend() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":61462,"depth":97,"text":61463},{"id":61599,"depth":97,"text":62989,"children":62990},"extend() vs append()",[62991,62993],{"id":61613,"depth":122,"text":62992},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61676,"depth":122,"text":62994},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61762,"depth":97,"text":62996,"children":62997},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62998,62999,63000,63001],{"id":61773,"depth":122,"text":61774},{"id":61837,"depth":122,"text":61838},{"id":61903,"depth":122,"text":61904},{"id":61977,"depth":122,"text":61978},{"id":62037,"depth":97,"text":62038},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":63004},[63005,63007,63009,63010],{"id":62249,"depth":122,"text":63006},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62322,"depth":122,"text":63008},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62394,"depth":122,"text":62395},{"id":62523,"depth":122,"text":62524},{"id":62765,"depth":97,"text":63012},"When to use extend()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":63014},[63015,63017,63019,63021,63023],{"id":62878,"depth":122,"text":63016},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62888,"depth":122,"text":63018},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62903,"depth":122,"text":63020},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62912,"depth":122,"text":63022},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62921,"depth":122,"text":63024},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61287,"description":63026},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63033,"title":63034,"body":63035,"description":65125,"extension":2249,"meta":65126,"navigation":125,"path":65127,"seo":65128,"stem":65129,"__hash__":65130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63036,"toc":65088},[63037,63040,63045,63051,63062,63068,63070,63139,63141,63190,63198,63202,63207,63210,63221,63226,63228,63230,63251,63264,63267,63280,63282,63287,63312,63314,63322,63325,63394,63396,63420,63426,63430,63434,63470,63472,63492,63499,63503,63536,63538,63571,63576,63580,63613,63615,63643,63651,63655,63692,63694,63715,63718,63722,63791,63793,63817,63823,63830,63834,63837,63839,63853,63856,63880,63882,63907,63910,63929,63931,63957,63966,63970,63977,64054,64056,64097,64103,64109,64200,64202,64258,64261,64266,64270,64275,64279,64338,64340,64365,64369,64432,64434,64459,64463,64526,64528,64571,64574,64578,64582,64604,64608,64690,64692,64727,64735,64737,64741,64745,64747,64774,64779,64781,64808,64815,64818,64841,64843,64892,64895,64898,64917,64921,64924,64975,64978,64984,64988,64993,64996,64998,65004,65013,65017,65023,65027,65030,65034,65037,65041,65047,65049,65085],[10,63038,63034],{"id":63039},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63041,9406,63042,63044],{},[15,63043,25056],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63046,63047,63048,63050],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63049,25056],{}," for two main reasons:",[29,63052,63053,63056],{},[32,63054,63055],{},"to make an empty list",[32,63057,63058,63059,63061],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63060,60281],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63063,63064,63065,63067],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63066,25056],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[47,63069,50],{"id":49},[52,63071,63073],{"className":54,"code":63072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63074,63075,63097,63115,63119,63129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63076,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63078,900],{"class":67},[61,63080,72],{"class":71},[61,63082,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63084,5790],{"class":75},[61,63086,80],{"class":79},[61,63088,83],{"class":75},[61,63090,86],{"class":79},[61,63092,83],{"class":75},[61,63094,91],{"class":79},[61,63096,1761],{"class":75},[61,63098,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63100,1028],{"class":67},[61,63102,72],{"class":71},[61,63104,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63106,147],{"class":75},[61,63108,504],{"class":503},[61,63110,41839],{"class":507},[61,63112,504],{"class":503},[61,63114,153],{"class":75},[61,63116,63117],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,63118,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,63122,160],{"class":159},[61,63124,147],{"class":75},[61,63126,3929],{"class":143},[61,63128,153],{"class":75},[61,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,63132,160],{"class":159},[61,63134,147],{"class":75},[61,63136,36419],{"class":143},[61,63138,153],{"class":75},[20,63140,1598],{},[52,63142,63144],{"className":54,"code":63143,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63145,63146,63162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63149,4182],{"class":75},[61,63151,80],{"class":79},[61,63153,83],{"class":75},[61,63155,86],{"class":79},[61,63157,83],{"class":75},[61,63159,91],{"class":79},[61,63161,943],{"class":75},[61,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63165,4182],{"class":75},[61,63167,630],{"class":503},[61,63169,214],{"class":507},[61,63171,630],{"class":503},[61,63173,83],{"class":75},[61,63175,639],{"class":503},[61,63177,329],{"class":507},[61,63179,630],{"class":503},[61,63181,83],{"class":75},[61,63183,639],{"class":503},[61,63185,1071],{"class":507},[61,63187,630],{"class":503},[61,63189,943],{"class":75},[20,63191,1503,63192,63194,63195,63197],{},[15,63193,25056],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63196,60281],{},", set, or dictionary.",[47,63199,63201],{"id":63200},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63203,63204,63206],{},[15,63205,25056],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63208,63209],{},"It can:",[29,63211,63212,63215,63218],{},[32,63213,63214],{},"create a new list object",[32,63216,63217],{},"make an empty list",[32,63219,63220],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63222,63223,63224,140],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[214,63225,53054],{"href":51261},[47,63227,221],{"id":220},[20,63229,26763],{},[52,63231,63233],{"className":54,"code":63232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63234,63235,63241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63236,63237,63239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63238,8377],{"class":2071},[61,63240,8926],{"class":75},[61,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63244,8377],{"class":2071},[61,63246,147],{"class":75},[61,63248,4000],{"class":143},[61,63250,153],{"class":75},[29,63252,63253,63258],{},[32,63254,63255,63257],{},[15,63256,25056],{}," makes an empty list",[32,63259,63260,63263],{},[15,63261,63262],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63265,63266],{},"Common iterable values include:",[29,63268,63269,63271,63273,63275,63278],{},[32,63270,5588],{},[32,63272,5582],{},[32,63274,5585],{},[32,63276,63277],{},"ranges",[32,63279,7531],{},[47,63281,59903],{"id":59902},[20,63283,1503,63284,63286],{},[15,63285,25056],{}," with no arguments:",[52,63288,63290],{"className":54,"code":63289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63291,63292,63302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63293,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63295,8061],{"class":67},[61,63297,72],{"class":71},[61,63299,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63301,8926],{"class":75},[61,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63305,160],{"class":159},[61,63307,147],{"class":75},[61,63309,8092],{"class":143},[61,63311,153],{"class":75},[20,63313,1598],{},[52,63315,63316],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63317,63318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63319,63320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63321,38574],{"class":75},[20,63323,63324],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[52,63326,63328],{"className":54,"code":63327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63329,63330,63340,63344,63362,63380,63384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63333,8061],{"class":67},[61,63335,72],{"class":71},[61,63337,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63339,8926],{"class":75},[61,63341,63342],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63343,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,63345,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,63347,8092],{"class":67},[61,63349,140],{"class":75},[61,63351,13834],{"class":143},[61,63353,147],{"class":75},[61,63355,504],{"class":503},[61,63357,508],{"class":507},[61,63359,504],{"class":503},[61,63361,153],{"class":75},[61,63363,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,63365,8092],{"class":67},[61,63367,140],{"class":75},[61,63369,13834],{"class":143},[61,63371,147],{"class":75},[61,63373,504],{"class":503},[61,63375,518],{"class":507},[61,63377,504],{"class":503},[61,63379,153],{"class":75},[61,63381,63382],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,63383,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,63385,63386,63388,63390,63392],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,63387,160],{"class":159},[61,63389,147],{"class":75},[61,63391,8092],{"class":143},[61,63393,153],{"class":75},[20,63395,1598],{},[52,63397,63398],{"className":54,"code":38700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63399,63400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63401,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63403,4182],{"class":75},[61,63405,630],{"class":503},[61,63407,508],{"class":507},[61,63409,630],{"class":503},[61,63411,83],{"class":75},[61,63413,639],{"class":503},[61,63415,518],{"class":507},[61,63417,630],{"class":503},[61,63419,943],{"class":75},[20,63421,63422,63423,63425],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63424,4067],{},". Both are valid.",[47,63427,63429],{"id":63428},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[887,63431,63433],{"id":63432},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[52,63435,63436],{"className":54,"code":60201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63437,63438,63460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63439,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63441,900],{"class":67},[61,63443,72],{"class":71},[61,63445,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63447,5790],{"class":75},[61,63449,80],{"class":79},[61,63451,83],{"class":75},[61,63453,86],{"class":79},[61,63455,83],{"class":75},[61,63457,91],{"class":79},[61,63459,1761],{"class":75},[61,63461,63462,63464,63466,63468],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63463,160],{"class":159},[61,63465,147],{"class":75},[61,63467,3929],{"class":143},[61,63469,153],{"class":75},[20,63471,1598],{},[52,63473,63474],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63475,63476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63477,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63479,4182],{"class":75},[61,63481,80],{"class":79},[61,63483,83],{"class":75},[61,63485,86],{"class":79},[61,63487,83],{"class":75},[61,63489,91],{"class":79},[61,63491,943],{"class":75},[20,63493,63494,63495,140],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[214,63496,63498],{"href":63497},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[887,63500,63502],{"id":63501},"string-to-list","String to list",[52,63504,63506],{"className":54,"code":63505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63507,63508,63526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63511,1028],{"class":67},[61,63513,72],{"class":71},[61,63515,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63517,147],{"class":75},[61,63519,504],{"class":503},[61,63521,1218],{"class":507},[61,63523,504],{"class":503},[61,63525,153],{"class":75},[61,63527,63528,63530,63532,63534],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63529,160],{"class":159},[61,63531,147],{"class":75},[61,63533,36419],{"class":143},[61,63535,153],{"class":75},[20,63537,1598],{},[52,63539,63541],{"className":54,"code":63540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63542,63543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63544,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63546,4182],{"class":75},[61,63548,630],{"class":503},[61,63550,1071],{"class":507},[61,63552,630],{"class":503},[61,63554,83],{"class":75},[61,63556,639],{"class":503},[61,63558,214],{"class":507},[61,63560,630],{"class":503},[61,63562,83],{"class":75},[61,63564,639],{"class":503},[61,63566,1276],{"class":507},[61,63568,630],{"class":503},[61,63570,943],{"class":75},[20,63572,63573,63575],{},[15,63574,25056],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[887,63577,63579],{"id":63578},"range-to-list","Range to list",[52,63581,63583],{"className":54,"code":63582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63584,63585,63603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63586,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63588,900],{"class":67},[61,63590,72],{"class":71},[61,63592,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63594,147],{"class":75},[61,63596,60281],{"class":159},[61,63598,147],{"class":75},[61,63600,1013],{"class":79},[61,63602,1761],{"class":75},[61,63604,63605,63607,63609,63611],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63606,160],{"class":159},[61,63608,147],{"class":75},[61,63610,3929],{"class":143},[61,63612,153],{"class":75},[20,63614,1598],{},[52,63616,63617],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63618,63619],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63620,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63622,4182],{"class":75},[61,63624,2405],{"class":79},[61,63626,83],{"class":75},[61,63628,1720],{"class":79},[61,63630,83],{"class":75},[61,63632,86],{"class":79},[61,63634,83],{"class":75},[61,63636,91],{"class":79},[61,63638,83],{"class":75},[61,63640,112],{"class":79},[61,63642,943],{"class":75},[20,63644,63645,63646,63650],{},"This is common when working with ",[214,63647,63648],{"href":36471},[15,63649,36474],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[887,63652,63654],{"id":63653},"set-to-list","Set to list",[52,63656,63658],{"className":54,"code":63657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63659,63660,63682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63661,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63663,4103],{"class":67},[61,63665,72],{"class":71},[61,63667,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63669,5809],{"class":75},[61,63671,2613],{"class":79},[61,63673,83],{"class":75},[61,63675,8072],{"class":79},[61,63677,83],{"class":75},[61,63679,8077],{"class":79},[61,63681,30771],{"class":75},[61,63683,63684,63686,63688,63690],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63685,160],{"class":159},[61,63687,147],{"class":75},[61,63689,5638],{"class":143},[61,63691,153],{"class":75},[20,63693,17238],{},[52,63695,63697],{"className":54,"code":63696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63698,63699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63700,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63702,4182],{"class":75},[61,63704,2613],{"class":79},[61,63706,83],{"class":75},[61,63708,8072],{"class":79},[61,63710,83],{"class":75},[61,63712,8077],{"class":79},[61,63714,943],{"class":75},[20,63716,63717],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[887,63719,63721],{"id":63720},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[52,63723,63725],{"className":54,"code":63724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63726,63727,63763,63777,63781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63728,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63730,13485],{"class":67},[61,63732,72],{"class":71},[61,63734,76],{"class":75},[61,63736,504],{"class":503},[61,63738,7949],{"class":507},[61,63740,504],{"class":503},[61,63742,192],{"class":75},[61,63744,515],{"class":503},[61,63746,13161],{"class":507},[61,63748,504],{"class":503},[61,63750,83],{"class":75},[61,63752,515],{"class":503},[61,63754,9581],{"class":507},[61,63756,504],{"class":503},[61,63758,192],{"class":75},[61,63760,9588],{"class":79},[61,63762,94],{"class":75},[61,63764,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63766,132],{"class":67},[61,63768,72],{"class":71},[61,63770,22835],{"class":2071},[61,63772,147],{"class":75},[61,63774,17586],{"class":143},[61,63776,153],{"class":75},[61,63778,63779],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,63780,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,63784,160],{"class":159},[61,63786,147],{"class":75},[61,63788,165],{"class":143},[61,63790,153],{"class":75},[20,63792,1598],{},[52,63794,63795],{"className":54,"code":25756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63796,63797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63798,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63800,4182],{"class":75},[61,63802,630],{"class":503},[61,63804,7949],{"class":507},[61,63806,630],{"class":503},[61,63808,83],{"class":75},[61,63810,639],{"class":503},[61,63812,9581],{"class":507},[61,63814,630],{"class":503},[61,63816,943],{"class":75},[20,63818,63819,63820,63822],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63821,25056],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63824,63825,63826,140],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[214,63827,63829],{"href":63828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[47,63831,63833],{"id":63832},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63835,63836],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63838,61436],{},[29,63840,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851],{},[32,63842,5579],{},[32,63844,5582],{},[32,63846,5588],{},[32,63848,5585],{},[32,63850,63277],{},[32,63852,7531],{},[20,63854,63855],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[52,63857,63859],{"className":54,"code":63858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63860,63861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63862,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63876,63878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63864,160],{"class":159},[61,63866,147],{"class":75},[61,63868,8377],{"class":2071},[61,63870,147],{"class":75},[61,63872,504],{"class":503},[61,63874,63875],{"class":507},"hi",[61,63877,504],{"class":503},[61,63879,1761],{"class":75},[20,63881,1598],{},[52,63883,63885],{"className":54,"code":63884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63886,63887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63888,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63890,4182],{"class":75},[61,63892,630],{"class":503},[61,63894,60721],{"class":507},[61,63896,630],{"class":503},[61,63898,83],{"class":75},[61,63900,639],{"class":503},[61,63902,36430],{"class":507},[61,63904,630],{"class":503},[61,63906,943],{"class":75},[20,63908,63909],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[52,63911,63913],{"className":54,"code":63912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63914,63915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63916,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63918,160],{"class":159},[61,63920,147],{"class":75},[61,63922,8377],{"class":2071},[61,63924,147],{"class":75},[61,63926,1013],{"class":79},[61,63928,1761],{"class":75},[20,63930,1598],{},[52,63932,63934],{"className":54,"code":63933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63935,63936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63937,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63939,3285],{"class":2071},[61,63941,192],{"class":75},[61,63943,639],{"class":503},[61,63945,2473],{"class":507},[61,63947,630],{"class":503},[61,63949,24893],{"class":2071},[61,63951,8380],{"class":71},[61,63953,8383],{"class":71},[61,63955,63956],{"class":67}," iterable\n",[20,63958,63959,63960,63962,63963,140],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[214,63961,5416],{"href":5866},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[214,63964,63965],{"href":52882},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[47,63967,63969],{"id":63968},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63971,63972,63973,63976],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63974,63975],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[52,63978,63980],{"className":54,"code":63979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63981,63982,64002,64016,64020,64030,64040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63985,12366],{"class":67},[61,63987,72],{"class":71},[61,63989,926],{"class":75},[61,63991,80],{"class":79},[61,63993,83],{"class":75},[61,63995,86],{"class":79},[61,63997,83],{"class":75},[61,63999,91],{"class":79},[61,64001,943],{"class":75},[61,64003,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64005,14592],{"class":67},[61,64007,72],{"class":71},[61,64009,22835],{"class":2071},[61,64011,147],{"class":75},[61,64013,12413],{"class":143},[61,64015,153],{"class":75},[61,64017,64018],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,64019,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,64021,64022,64024,64026,64028],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,64023,160],{"class":159},[61,64025,147],{"class":75},[61,64027,12413],{"class":143},[61,64029,153],{"class":75},[61,64031,64032,64034,64036,64038],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,64033,160],{"class":159},[61,64035,147],{"class":75},[61,64037,14611],{"class":143},[61,64039,153],{"class":75},[61,64041,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,64043,160],{"class":159},[61,64045,147],{"class":75},[61,64047,12366],{"class":143},[61,64049,12474],{"class":4158},[61,64051,14665],{"class":143},[61,64053,153],{"class":75},[20,64055,1598],{},[52,64057,64059],{"className":54,"code":64058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64060,64061,64077,64093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64064,4182],{"class":75},[61,64066,80],{"class":79},[61,64068,83],{"class":75},[61,64070,86],{"class":79},[61,64072,83],{"class":75},[61,64074,91],{"class":79},[61,64076,943],{"class":75},[61,64078,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64080,4182],{"class":75},[61,64082,80],{"class":79},[61,64084,83],{"class":75},[61,64086,86],{"class":79},[61,64088,83],{"class":75},[61,64090,91],{"class":79},[61,64092,943],{"class":75},[61,64094,64095],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,64096,4323],{"class":4133},[20,64098,64099,64100,64102],{},"This means ",[15,64101,14611],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64104,64105,64106,64108],{},"However, this is only a ",[39,64107,13131],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[52,64110,64112],{"className":54,"code":64111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64113,64114,64140,64154,64158,64176,64180,64190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64115,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64117,12366],{"class":67},[61,64119,72],{"class":71},[61,64121,56577],{"class":75},[61,64123,80],{"class":79},[61,64125,83],{"class":75},[61,64127,86],{"class":79},[61,64129,18342],{"class":75},[61,64131,926],{"class":75},[61,64133,107],{"class":79},[61,64135,83],{"class":75},[61,64137,112],{"class":79},[61,64139,53525],{"class":75},[61,64141,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64143,14592],{"class":67},[61,64145,72],{"class":71},[61,64147,22835],{"class":2071},[61,64149,147],{"class":75},[61,64151,12413],{"class":143},[61,64153,153],{"class":75},[61,64155,64156],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,64157,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,64159,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,64161,14611],{"class":67},[61,64163,4182],{"class":75},[61,64165,2405],{"class":79},[61,64167,13831],{"class":75},[61,64169,13834],{"class":143},[61,64171,147],{"class":75},[61,64173,56630],{"class":79},[61,64175,153],{"class":75},[61,64177,64178],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,64179,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,64181,64182,64184,64186,64188],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,64183,160],{"class":159},[61,64185,147],{"class":75},[61,64187,12413],{"class":143},[61,64189,153],{"class":75},[61,64191,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,64193,160],{"class":159},[61,64195,147],{"class":75},[61,64197,14611],{"class":143},[61,64199,153],{"class":75},[20,64201,1598],{},[52,64203,64204],{"className":54,"code":56661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,64205,64206,64232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64207,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64209,56668],{"class":75},[61,64211,80],{"class":79},[61,64213,83],{"class":75},[61,64215,86],{"class":79},[61,64217,83],{"class":75},[61,64219,10478],{"class":79},[61,64221,18342],{"class":75},[61,64223,926],{"class":75},[61,64225,107],{"class":79},[61,64227,83],{"class":75},[61,64229,112],{"class":79},[61,64231,53525],{"class":75},[61,64233,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64235,56668],{"class":75},[61,64237,80],{"class":79},[61,64239,83],{"class":75},[61,64241,86],{"class":79},[61,64243,83],{"class":75},[61,64245,10478],{"class":79},[61,64247,18342],{"class":75},[61,64249,926],{"class":75},[61,64251,107],{"class":79},[61,64253,83],{"class":75},[61,64255,112],{"class":79},[61,64257,53525],{"class":75},[20,64259,64260],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64262,64263,64264,140],{},"For more on this, see ",[214,64265,14071],{"href":14070},[47,64267,64269],{"id":64268},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64271,64272,64273,140],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64274,25056],{},[887,64276,64278],{"id":64277},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[52,64280,64282],{"className":54,"code":64281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64283,64284,64324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64287,13144],{"class":67},[61,64289,72],{"class":71},[61,64291,76],{"class":75},[61,64293,504],{"class":503},[61,64295,7949],{"class":507},[61,64297,504],{"class":503},[61,64299,192],{"class":75},[61,64301,515],{"class":503},[61,64303,8204],{"class":507},[61,64305,504],{"class":503},[61,64307,83],{"class":75},[61,64309,515],{"class":503},[61,64311,20170],{"class":507},[61,64313,504],{"class":503},[61,64315,192],{"class":75},[61,64317,515],{"class":503},[61,64319,22521],{"class":507},[61,64321,504],{"class":503},[61,64323,94],{"class":75},[61,64325,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64327,160],{"class":159},[61,64329,147],{"class":75},[61,64331,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64333,147],{"class":75},[61,64335,13907],{"class":143},[61,64337,1761],{"class":75},[20,64339,1598],{},[52,64341,64343],{"className":54,"code":64342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64344,64345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64346,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64348,4182],{"class":75},[61,64350,630],{"class":503},[61,64352,7949],{"class":507},[61,64354,630],{"class":503},[61,64356,83],{"class":75},[61,64358,639],{"class":503},[61,64360,20170],{"class":507},[61,64362,630],{"class":503},[61,64364,943],{"class":75},[887,64366,64368],{"id":64367},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[52,64370,64372],{"className":54,"code":64371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64373,64374,64414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64375,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64377,13144],{"class":67},[61,64379,72],{"class":71},[61,64381,76],{"class":75},[61,64383,504],{"class":503},[61,64385,7949],{"class":507},[61,64387,504],{"class":503},[61,64389,192],{"class":75},[61,64391,515],{"class":503},[61,64393,8204],{"class":507},[61,64395,504],{"class":503},[61,64397,83],{"class":75},[61,64399,515],{"class":503},[61,64401,20170],{"class":507},[61,64403,504],{"class":503},[61,64405,192],{"class":75},[61,64407,515],{"class":503},[61,64409,22521],{"class":507},[61,64411,504],{"class":503},[61,64413,94],{"class":75},[61,64415,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64417,160],{"class":159},[61,64419,147],{"class":75},[61,64421,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64423,147],{"class":75},[61,64425,13907],{"class":143},[61,64427,140],{"class":75},[61,64429,5638],{"class":143},[61,64431,6569],{"class":75},[20,64433,1598],{},[52,64435,64437],{"className":54,"code":64436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64438,64439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64440,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64442,4182],{"class":75},[61,64444,630],{"class":503},[61,64446,8204],{"class":507},[61,64448,630],{"class":503},[61,64450,83],{"class":75},[61,64452,639],{"class":503},[61,64454,22521],{"class":507},[61,64456,630],{"class":503},[61,64458,943],{"class":75},[887,64460,64462],{"id":64461},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[52,64464,64466],{"className":54,"code":64465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64467,64468,64508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64469,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64471,13144],{"class":67},[61,64473,72],{"class":71},[61,64475,76],{"class":75},[61,64477,504],{"class":503},[61,64479,7949],{"class":507},[61,64481,504],{"class":503},[61,64483,192],{"class":75},[61,64485,515],{"class":503},[61,64487,8204],{"class":507},[61,64489,504],{"class":503},[61,64491,83],{"class":75},[61,64493,515],{"class":503},[61,64495,20170],{"class":507},[61,64497,504],{"class":503},[61,64499,192],{"class":75},[61,64501,515],{"class":503},[61,64503,22521],{"class":507},[61,64505,504],{"class":503},[61,64507,94],{"class":75},[61,64509,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64511,160],{"class":159},[61,64513,147],{"class":75},[61,64515,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64517,147],{"class":75},[61,64519,13907],{"class":143},[61,64521,140],{"class":75},[61,64523,8092],{"class":143},[61,64525,6569],{"class":75},[20,64527,1598],{},[52,64529,64531],{"className":54,"code":64530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64532,64533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64534,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64536,22019],{"class":75},[61,64538,630],{"class":503},[61,64540,7949],{"class":507},[61,64542,630],{"class":503},[61,64544,83],{"class":75},[61,64546,639],{"class":503},[61,64548,8204],{"class":507},[61,64550,630],{"class":503},[61,64552,9517],{"class":75},[61,64554,1058],{"class":75},[61,64556,630],{"class":503},[61,64558,20170],{"class":507},[61,64560,630],{"class":503},[61,64562,83],{"class":75},[61,64564,639],{"class":503},[61,64566,22521],{"class":507},[61,64568,630],{"class":503},[61,64570,9532],{"class":75},[20,64572,64573],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[47,64575,64577],{"id":64576},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64579,1503,64580,10881],{},[15,64581,25056],{},[29,64583,64584,64592,64601],{},[32,64585,64586,64587,3159,64589],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64588,52935],{},[15,64590,64591],{},"sort()",[32,64593,64594,64595,3159,64597,64600],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64596,36474],{},[15,64598,64599],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[32,64602,64603],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64605,46320,64606,192],{},[15,64607,64599],{},[52,64609,64611],{"className":54,"code":64610,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64612,64613,64637,64653,64657,64680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64614,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64616,5274],{"class":67},[61,64618,72],{"class":71},[61,64620,926],{"class":75},[61,64622,504],{"class":503},[61,64624,13161],{"class":507},[61,64626,504],{"class":503},[61,64628,83],{"class":75},[61,64630,515],{"class":503},[61,64632,36217],{"class":507},[61,64634,504],{"class":503},[61,64636,943],{"class":75},[61,64638,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64640,5343],{"class":67},[61,64642,72],{"class":71},[61,64644,926],{"class":75},[61,64646,13783],{"class":79},[61,64648,83],{"class":75},[61,64650,13788],{"class":79},[61,64652,943],{"class":75},[61,64654,64655],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,64656,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,64658,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,64660,9499],{"class":67},[61,64662,72],{"class":71},[61,64664,22835],{"class":2071},[61,64666,147],{"class":75},[61,64668,64669],{"class":159},"zip",[61,64671,147],{"class":75},[61,64673,5318],{"class":143},[61,64675,83],{"class":75},[61,64677,5390],{"class":143},[61,64679,1761],{"class":75},[61,64681,64682,64684,64686,64688],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,64683,160],{"class":159},[61,64685,147],{"class":75},[61,64687,9545],{"class":143},[61,64689,153],{"class":75},[20,64691,1598],{},[52,64693,64695],{"className":54,"code":64694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64696,64697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64698,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64700,22019],{"class":75},[61,64702,630],{"class":503},[61,64704,13161],{"class":507},[61,64706,630],{"class":503},[61,64708,83],{"class":75},[61,64710,20177],{"class":79},[61,64712,9517],{"class":75},[61,64714,1058],{"class":75},[61,64716,630],{"class":503},[61,64718,36217],{"class":507},[61,64720,630],{"class":503},[61,64722,83],{"class":75},[61,64724,13788],{"class":79},[61,64726,9532],{"class":75},[20,64728,64729,64730,64732,64733,140],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64731,52935],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[214,64734,53332],{"href":53331},[47,64736,1520],{"id":1519},[20,64738,57059,64739,140],{},[15,64740,25056],{},[887,64742,64744],{"id":64743},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64746,4804],{},[52,64748,64750],{"className":54,"code":64749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64751,64752,64756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64753,64754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64755,4814],{"class":173},[61,64757,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64759,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64761,147],{"class":75},[61,64763,80],{"class":79},[61,64765,83],{"class":75},[61,64767,86],{"class":79},[61,64769,83],{"class":75},[61,64771,91],{"class":79},[61,64773,153],{"class":75},[20,64775,64776,64778],{},[15,64777,25056],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64780,18974],{},[52,64782,64784],{"className":54,"code":64783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64785,64786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64787,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64789,160],{"class":159},[61,64791,147],{"class":75},[61,64793,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64795,5790],{"class":75},[61,64797,80],{"class":79},[61,64799,83],{"class":75},[61,64801,86],{"class":79},[61,64803,83],{"class":75},[61,64805,91],{"class":79},[61,64807,3193],{"class":75},[887,64809,64811,64812],{"id":64810},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[61,64813,64814],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64816,64817],{},"This is a common surprise:",[52,64819,64821],{"className":54,"code":64820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64822,64823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64824,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64826,160],{"class":159},[61,64828,147],{"class":75},[61,64830,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64832,147],{"class":75},[61,64834,504],{"class":503},[61,64836,4126],{"class":507},[61,64838,504],{"class":503},[61,64840,1761],{"class":75},[20,64842,1598],{},[52,64844,64846],{"className":54,"code":64845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64847,64848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64849,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64851,4182],{"class":75},[61,64853,630],{"class":503},[61,64855,60721],{"class":507},[61,64857,630],{"class":503},[61,64859,83],{"class":75},[61,64861,639],{"class":503},[61,64863,60730],{"class":507},[61,64865,630],{"class":503},[61,64867,83],{"class":75},[61,64869,639],{"class":503},[61,64871,60739],{"class":507},[61,64873,630],{"class":503},[61,64875,83],{"class":75},[61,64877,639],{"class":503},[61,64879,60739],{"class":507},[61,64881,630],{"class":503},[61,64883,83],{"class":75},[61,64885,639],{"class":503},[61,64887,60756],{"class":507},[61,64889,630],{"class":503},[61,64891,943],{"class":75},[20,64893,64894],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64896,64897],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[52,64899,64901],{"className":54,"code":64900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64902,64903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64904,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64906,160],{"class":159},[61,64908,1878],{"class":75},[61,64910,504],{"class":503},[61,64912,4126],{"class":507},[61,64914,504],{"class":503},[61,64916,1887],{"class":75},[887,64918,64920],{"id":64919},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64922,64923],{},"This:",[52,64925,64927],{"className":54,"code":64926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64928,64929,64961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64930,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64932,9449],{"class":67},[61,64934,72],{"class":71},[61,64936,76],{"class":75},[61,64938,504],{"class":503},[61,64940,214],{"class":507},[61,64942,504],{"class":503},[61,64944,192],{"class":75},[61,64946,1720],{"class":79},[61,64948,83],{"class":75},[61,64950,515],{"class":503},[61,64952,329],{"class":507},[61,64954,504],{"class":503},[61,64956,192],{"class":75},[61,64958,86],{"class":79},[61,64960,94],{"class":75},[61,64962,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64964,160],{"class":159},[61,64966,147],{"class":75},[61,64968,8377],{"class":2071},[61,64970,147],{"class":75},[61,64972,9488],{"class":143},[61,64974,1761],{"class":75},[20,64976,64977],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64979,1503,64980,64983],{},[15,64981,64982],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[887,64985,64987],{"id":64986},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64989,64990,64992],{},[15,64991,25056],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64994,64995],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[47,64997,2109],{"id":2108},[887,64999,2153,65001,65003],{"id":65000},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[61,65002],{}," and list()?",[20,65005,65006,65007,65009,65010,65012],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65008,4067],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65011,25056],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[887,65014,65016],{"id":65015},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65018,65019,65020,65022],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65021,25056],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[887,65024,65026],{"id":65025},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65028,65029],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[887,65031,65033],{"id":65032},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65035,65036],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[887,65038,65040],{"id":65039},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65042,65043,65044,65046],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65045,25056],{}," cannot loop through it.",[47,65048,2172],{"id":2171},[29,65050,65051,65055,65060,65064,65068,65072,65076,65081],{},[32,65052,65053],{},[214,65054,53054],{"href":51261},[32,65056,65057],{},[214,65058,65059],{"href":36471},"Python range() function explained",[32,65061,65062],{},[214,65063,63498],{"href":63497},[32,65065,65066],{},[214,65067,63829],{"href":63828},[32,65069,65070],{},[214,65071,5495],{"href":5866},[32,65073,65074],{},[214,65075,14071],{"href":14070},[32,65077,65078],{},[214,65079,65080],{"href":52882},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,65082,65083],{},[214,65084,54561],{"href":53331},[2204,65086,65087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":65089},[65090,65091,65092,65093,65094,65101,65102,65103,65108,65109,65116,65124],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":63200,"depth":97,"text":63201},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":59902,"depth":97,"text":59903},{"id":63428,"depth":97,"text":63429,"children":65095},[65096,65097,65098,65099,65100],{"id":63432,"depth":122,"text":63433},{"id":63501,"depth":122,"text":63502},{"id":63578,"depth":122,"text":63579},{"id":63653,"depth":122,"text":63654},{"id":63720,"depth":122,"text":63721},{"id":63832,"depth":97,"text":63833},{"id":63968,"depth":97,"text":63969},{"id":64268,"depth":97,"text":64269,"children":65104},[65105,65106,65107],{"id":64277,"depth":122,"text":64278},{"id":64367,"depth":122,"text":64368},{"id":64461,"depth":122,"text":64462},{"id":64576,"depth":97,"text":64577},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":65110},[65111,65112,65114,65115],{"id":64743,"depth":122,"text":64744},{"id":64810,"depth":122,"text":65113},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64919,"depth":122,"text":64920},{"id":64986,"depth":122,"text":64987},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":65117},[65118,65120,65121,65122,65123],{"id":65000,"depth":122,"text":65119},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65015,"depth":122,"text":65016},{"id":65025,"depth":122,"text":65026},{"id":65032,"depth":122,"text":65033},{"id":65039,"depth":122,"text":65040},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63034,"description":65125},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65132,"title":65133,"body":65134,"description":66483,"extension":2249,"meta":66484,"navigation":125,"path":66485,"seo":66486,"stem":66487,"__hash__":66488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65135,"toc":66457},[65136,65141,65147,65156,65158,65231,65240,65245,65249,65265,65269,65271,65273,65292,65295,65323,65326,65351,65359,65361,65366,65373,65375,65432,65434,65442,65448,65452,65455,65528,65530,65538,65541,65563,65570,65576,65580,65586,65657,65659,65667,65676,65683,65690,65698,65842,65844,65861,65864,65903,65906,65910,65915,65917,65976,65981,65984,66091,66093,66108,66111,66118,66120,66124,66272,66275,66336,66339,66342,66363,66368,66372,66383,66386,66388,66393,66396,66404,66409,66415,66418,66424,66432,66434,66454],[10,65137,54625,65139,18],{"id":65138},"python-list-index-method",[15,65140,59250],{},[20,65142,65143,65146],{},[15,65144,65145],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65148,65149,65150,65153,65154,140],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[39,65151,65152],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65155,40982],{},[47,65157,3890],{"id":3889},[52,65159,65161],{"className":54,"code":65160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65162,65163,65195,65218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65164,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65166,8061],{"class":67},[61,65168,72],{"class":71},[61,65170,926],{"class":75},[61,65172,504],{"class":503},[61,65174,508],{"class":507},[61,65176,504],{"class":503},[61,65178,83],{"class":75},[61,65180,515],{"class":503},[61,65182,518],{"class":507},[61,65184,504],{"class":503},[61,65186,83],{"class":75},[61,65188,515],{"class":503},[61,65190,4377],{"class":507},[61,65192,504],{"class":503},[61,65194,943],{"class":75},[61,65196,65197,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65198,65199],{"class":67},"position ",[61,65201,72],{"class":71},[61,65203,6246],{"class":67},[61,65205,140],{"class":75},[61,65207,36122],{"class":143},[61,65209,147],{"class":75},[61,65211,504],{"class":503},[61,65213,518],{"class":507},[61,65215,504],{"class":503},[61,65217,153],{"class":75},[61,65219,65220,65222,65224,65227,65229],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65221,160],{"class":159},[61,65223,147],{"class":75},[61,65225,65226],{"class":143},"position",[61,65228,442],{"class":75},[61,65230,28056],{"class":173},[20,65232,1503,65233,65236,65237,65239],{},[15,65234,65235],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65238,40982],{}," if the item is not found.",[47,65241,184,65243,187],{"id":65242},"what-listindex-does",[15,65244,65145],{},[20,65246,65247,192],{},[15,65248,65145],{},[29,65250,65251,65254,65257,65262],{},[32,65252,65253],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[32,65255,65256],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[32,65258,65259,65260],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65261,2405],{},[32,65263,65264],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65266,54850,65267,140],{},[214,65268,53054],{"href":54853},[47,65270,221],{"id":220},[20,65272,31000],{},[52,65274,65276],{"className":54,"code":65275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65277,65278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65279,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65281,8623],{"class":67},[61,65283,140],{"class":75},[61,65285,36122],{"class":143},[61,65287,147],{"class":75},[61,65289,2755],{"class":143},[61,65291,153],{"class":75},[20,65293,65294],{},"You can also limit the search:",[52,65296,65298],{"className":54,"code":65297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65299,65300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65301,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65303,8623],{"class":67},[61,65305,140],{"class":75},[61,65307,36122],{"class":143},[61,65309,147],{"class":75},[61,65311,2755],{"class":143},[61,65313,83],{"class":75},[61,65315,36328],{"class":143},[61,65317,83],{"class":75},[61,65319,65320],{"class":143}," end",[61,65322,153],{"class":75},[20,65324,65325],{},"Here is what each part means:",[29,65327,65328,65333,65338,65343],{},[32,65329,65330,65332],{},[15,65331,2755],{},": the item to search for",[32,65334,65335,65337],{},[15,65336,36349],{},": where the search begins",[32,65339,65340,65342],{},[15,65341,52943],{},": where the search stops",[32,65344,65345,5062,65347,65350],{},[15,65346,52943],{},[39,65348,65349],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65352,65353,65354,65356,65357,140],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65355,36349],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65358,52943],{},[47,65360,38297],{"id":38296},[20,65362,65363,65365],{},[15,65364,65145],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65367,65368,65369,65372],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[39,65370,65371],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65374,368],{},[52,65376,65378],{"className":54,"code":65377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65379,65380,65400,65418,65422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65383,900],{"class":67},[61,65385,72],{"class":71},[61,65387,926],{"class":75},[61,65389,2613],{"class":79},[61,65391,83],{"class":75},[61,65393,8072],{"class":79},[61,65395,83],{"class":75},[61,65397,8077],{"class":79},[61,65399,943],{"class":75},[61,65401,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65403,132],{"class":67},[61,65405,72],{"class":71},[61,65407,956],{"class":67},[61,65409,140],{"class":75},[61,65411,36122],{"class":143},[61,65413,147],{"class":75},[61,65415,16033],{"class":79},[61,65417,153],{"class":75},[61,65419,65420],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65421,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,65425,160],{"class":159},[61,65427,147],{"class":75},[61,65429,165],{"class":143},[61,65431,153],{"class":75},[20,65433,1598],{},[52,65435,65436],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,65437,65438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65439,65440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65441,47197],{"class":79},[20,65443,65444,65445,65447],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65446,59250],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[47,65449,65451],{"id":65450},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65453,65454],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[52,65456,65458],{"className":54,"code":65457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65459,65460,65492,65514,65518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65461,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65463,36515],{"class":67},[61,65465,72],{"class":71},[61,65467,926],{"class":75},[61,65469,504],{"class":503},[61,65471,508],{"class":507},[61,65473,504],{"class":503},[61,65475,83],{"class":75},[61,65477,515],{"class":503},[61,65479,518],{"class":507},[61,65481,504],{"class":503},[61,65483,83],{"class":75},[61,65485,515],{"class":503},[61,65487,4377],{"class":507},[61,65489,504],{"class":503},[61,65491,943],{"class":75},[61,65493,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65495,65199],{"class":67},[61,65497,72],{"class":71},[61,65499,53134],{"class":67},[61,65501,140],{"class":75},[61,65503,36122],{"class":143},[61,65505,147],{"class":75},[61,65507,504],{"class":503},[61,65509,4377],{"class":507},[61,65511,504],{"class":503},[61,65513,153],{"class":75},[61,65515,65516],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65517,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,65519,65520,65522,65524,65526],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,65521,160],{"class":159},[61,65523,147],{"class":75},[61,65525,65226],{"class":143},[61,65527,153],{"class":75},[20,65529,1598],{},[52,65531,65532],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,65533,65534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65535,65536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65537,17336],{"class":79},[20,65539,65540],{},"In this list:",[29,65542,65543,65550,65556],{},[32,65544,65545,65547,65548],{},[15,65546,58116],{}," is at index ",[15,65549,2405],{},[32,65551,65552,65547,65554],{},[15,65553,699],{},[15,65555,80],{},[32,65557,65558,65547,65561],{},[15,65559,65560],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65562,301],{},[20,65564,53936,65565,2680,65568,140],{},[15,65566,65567],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65569,301],{},[20,65571,51825,65572,140],{},[214,65573,65575],{"href":65574},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[47,65577,65579],{"id":65578},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65581,65582,65583,65585],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65584,59250],{}," returns the first match only.",[52,65587,65589],{"className":54,"code":65588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65590,65591,65631,65635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65592,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65594,13356],{"class":67},[61,65596,72],{"class":71},[61,65598,926],{"class":75},[61,65600,504],{"class":503},[61,65602,13373],{"class":507},[61,65604,504],{"class":503},[61,65606,83],{"class":75},[61,65608,515],{"class":503},[61,65610,13390],{"class":507},[61,65612,504],{"class":503},[61,65614,83],{"class":75},[61,65616,515],{"class":503},[61,65618,13373],{"class":507},[61,65620,504],{"class":503},[61,65622,83],{"class":75},[61,65624,515],{"class":503},[61,65626,17735],{"class":507},[61,65628,504],{"class":503},[61,65630,943],{"class":75},[61,65632,65633],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65634,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65638,160],{"class":159},[61,65640,147],{"class":75},[61,65642,17782],{"class":143},[61,65644,140],{"class":75},[61,65646,36122],{"class":143},[61,65648,147],{"class":75},[61,65650,504],{"class":503},[61,65652,13373],{"class":507},[61,65654,504],{"class":503},[61,65656,1761],{"class":75},[20,65658,1598],{},[52,65660,65661],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,65662,65663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65664,65665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65666,47532],{"class":79},[20,65668,1010,65669,65672,65673,65675],{},[15,65670,65671],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65674,2405],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65677,65678,65679,140],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[214,65680,55803,65681,1516],{"href":59309},[15,65682,57573],{},[47,65684,716,65686,700,65688],{"id":65685},"using-start-and-end",[15,65687,36349],{},[15,65689,52943],{},[20,65691,65692,65693,700,65695,65697],{},"The optional ",[15,65694,36349],{},[15,65696,52943],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[52,65699,65701],{"className":54,"code":65700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65702,65703,65751,65755,65780,65809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65704,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65706,1028],{"class":67},[61,65708,72],{"class":71},[61,65710,926],{"class":75},[61,65712,504],{"class":503},[61,65714,214],{"class":507},[61,65716,504],{"class":503},[61,65718,83],{"class":75},[61,65720,515],{"class":503},[61,65722,329],{"class":507},[61,65724,504],{"class":503},[61,65726,83],{"class":75},[61,65728,515],{"class":503},[61,65730,1071],{"class":507},[61,65732,504],{"class":503},[61,65734,83],{"class":75},[61,65736,515],{"class":503},[61,65738,329],{"class":507},[61,65740,504],{"class":503},[61,65742,83],{"class":75},[61,65744,515],{"class":503},[61,65746,1080],{"class":507},[61,65748,504],{"class":503},[61,65750,943],{"class":75},[61,65752,65753],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65754,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,65756,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65758,160],{"class":159},[61,65760,147],{"class":75},[61,65762,36419],{"class":143},[61,65764,140],{"class":75},[61,65766,36122],{"class":143},[61,65768,147],{"class":75},[61,65770,504],{"class":503},[61,65772,329],{"class":507},[61,65774,504],{"class":503},[61,65776,5641],{"class":75},[61,65778,65779],{"class":173},"        # first match\n",[61,65781,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,65783,160],{"class":159},[61,65785,147],{"class":75},[61,65787,36419],{"class":143},[61,65789,140],{"class":75},[61,65791,36122],{"class":143},[61,65793,147],{"class":75},[61,65795,504],{"class":503},[61,65797,329],{"class":507},[61,65799,504],{"class":503},[61,65801,83],{"class":75},[61,65803,86],{"class":79},[61,65805,5641],{"class":75},[61,65807,65808],{"class":173},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[61,65810,65811,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,65812,160],{"class":159},[61,65814,147],{"class":75},[61,65816,36419],{"class":143},[61,65818,140],{"class":75},[61,65820,36122],{"class":143},[61,65822,147],{"class":75},[61,65824,504],{"class":503},[61,65826,329],{"class":507},[61,65828,504],{"class":503},[61,65830,83],{"class":75},[61,65832,1720],{"class":79},[61,65834,83],{"class":75},[61,65836,112],{"class":79},[61,65838,5641],{"class":75},[61,65840,65841],{"class":173},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65843,1598],{},[52,65845,65847],{"className":54,"code":65846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65848,65849,65853,65857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65850,65851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65852,47197],{"class":79},[61,65854,65855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65856,46897],{"class":79},[61,65858,65859],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,65860,47197],{"class":79},[20,65862,65863],{},"How this works:",[29,65865,65866,65878,65891],{},[32,65867,65868,65871,65872,65875,65876],{},[15,65869,65870],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65873,65874],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65877,80],{},[32,65879,65880,65883,65884,65886,65887,65875,65889],{},[15,65881,65882],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65885,301],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65888,65874],{},[15,65890,107],{},[32,65892,65893,65896,65897,1830,65899,1833,65901],{},[15,65894,65895],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65898,80],{},[15,65900,301],{},[15,65902,107],{},[20,65904,65905],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[47,65907,65909],{"id":65908},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65911,65912,65913,140],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65914,40982],{},[20,65916,368],{},[52,65918,65920],{"className":54,"code":65919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65921,65922,65954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65923,65924,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65925,8061],{"class":67},[61,65927,72],{"class":71},[61,65929,926],{"class":75},[61,65931,504],{"class":503},[61,65933,508],{"class":507},[61,65935,504],{"class":503},[61,65937,83],{"class":75},[61,65939,515],{"class":503},[61,65941,518],{"class":507},[61,65943,504],{"class":503},[61,65945,83],{"class":75},[61,65947,515],{"class":503},[61,65949,4377],{"class":507},[61,65951,504],{"class":503},[61,65953,943],{"class":75},[61,65955,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65957,160],{"class":159},[61,65959,147],{"class":75},[61,65961,8092],{"class":143},[61,65963,140],{"class":75},[61,65965,36122],{"class":143},[61,65967,147],{"class":75},[61,65969,504],{"class":503},[61,65971,527],{"class":507},[61,65973,504],{"class":503},[61,65975,1761],{"class":75},[20,65977,39931,65978,65980],{},[15,65979,703],{}," is not in the list.",[20,65982,65983],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[52,65985,65987],{"className":54,"code":65986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65988,65989,66021,66034,66038,66051,66070,66076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65990,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65992,8061],{"class":67},[61,65994,72],{"class":71},[61,65996,926],{"class":75},[61,65998,504],{"class":503},[61,66000,508],{"class":507},[61,66002,504],{"class":503},[61,66004,83],{"class":75},[61,66006,515],{"class":503},[61,66008,518],{"class":507},[61,66010,504],{"class":503},[61,66012,83],{"class":75},[61,66014,515],{"class":503},[61,66016,4377],{"class":507},[61,66018,504],{"class":503},[61,66020,943],{"class":75},[61,66022,66023,66026,66028,66030,66032],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66024,66025],{"class":67},"search_value ",[61,66027,72],{"class":71},[61,66029,515],{"class":503},[61,66031,527],{"class":507},[61,66033,3639],{"class":503},[61,66035,66036],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,66037,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,66039,66040,66042,66045,66047,66049],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,66041,7277],{"class":4158},[61,66043,66044],{"class":67}," search_value ",[61,66046,4165],{"class":71},[61,66048,6246],{"class":67},[61,66050,6673],{"class":75},[61,66052,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66068],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,66054,8352],{"class":159},[61,66056,147],{"class":75},[61,66058,8092],{"class":143},[61,66060,140],{"class":75},[61,66062,36122],{"class":143},[61,66064,147],{"class":75},[61,66066,66067],{"class":143},"search_value",[61,66069,1761],{"class":75},[61,66071,66072,66074],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,66073,27710],{"class":4158},[61,66075,6673],{"class":75},[61,66077,66078,66080,66082,66084,66087,66089],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,66079,8352],{"class":159},[61,66081,147],{"class":75},[61,66083,504],{"class":503},[61,66085,66086],{"class":507},"Item not found",[61,66088,504],{"class":503},[61,66090,153],{"class":75},[20,66092,1598],{},[52,66094,66096],{"className":54,"code":66095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Item not found\n",[15,66097,66098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66099,66100,66103,66105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66101,66102],{"class":67},"Item ",[61,66104,4909],{"class":71},[61,66106,66107],{"class":67}," found\n",[20,66109,66110],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66112,66113,66114,140],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[214,66115,66117],{"href":66116},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[47,66119,1520],{"id":1519},[20,66121,21490,66122,192],{},[15,66123,65145],{},[29,66125,66126,66144,66156,66216],{},[32,66127,26050,66128,2680,66130,66133,66134,66136,66137,5441,66139,66141,66142,140],{},[15,66129,59250],{},[15,66131,66132],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10127,66135],{},"\nPython does ",[39,66138,4909],{},[15,66140,66132],{},". It raises ",[15,66143,40982],{},[32,66145,66146,66147,66149,66152,66153,66155],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10127,66148],{},[15,66150,66151],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66154,699],{},", not the value itself.",[32,66157,716,66158,11372,66161,66163,66165,66166,16935,66168,66191,16923,66193],{},[15,66159,66160],{},"index[]",[15,66162,59250],{},[10127,66164],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10127,66167],{},[52,66169,66171],{"className":54,"code":66170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66172,66173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66174,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66176,8092],{"class":67},[61,66178,140],{"class":75},[61,66180,36122],{"class":143},[61,66182,147],{"class":75},[61,66184,504],{"class":503},[61,66186,518],{"class":507},[61,66188,504],{"class":503},[61,66190,153],{"class":75},[10127,66192],{},[52,66194,66196],{"className":54,"code":66195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66197,66198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66199,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66201,8092],{"class":67},[61,66203,140],{"class":75},[61,66205,36122],{"class":2103},[61,66207,4182],{"class":75},[61,66209,504],{"class":503},[61,66211,518],{"class":507},[61,66213,504],{"class":503},[61,66215,943],{"class":75},[32,66217,66218,66219,66221,700,66224,66226,66227],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10127,66220],{},[15,66222,66223],{},"\"3\"",[15,66225,107],{}," are different values in Python.",[52,66228,66230],{"className":54,"code":66229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66231,66232,66252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66233,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66235,900],{"class":67},[61,66237,72],{"class":71},[61,66239,926],{"class":75},[61,66241,80],{"class":79},[61,66243,83],{"class":75},[61,66245,86],{"class":79},[61,66247,83],{"class":75},[61,66249,91],{"class":79},[61,66251,943],{"class":75},[61,66253,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66255,160],{"class":159},[61,66257,147],{"class":75},[61,66259,504],{"class":503},[61,66261,107],{"class":507},[61,66263,504],{"class":503},[61,66265,21452],{"class":4158},[61,66267,956],{"class":143},[61,66269,442],{"class":75},[61,66271,5050],{"class":173},[20,66273,66274],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,66276,66278],{"className":54,"code":66277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66279,66280,66290,66304,66318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66281,66282,66284,66286,66288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66283,160],{"class":159},[61,66285,147],{"class":75},[61,66287,8623],{"class":143},[61,66289,153],{"class":75},[61,66291,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66293,160],{"class":159},[61,66295,147],{"class":75},[61,66297,2072],{"class":2071},[61,66299,147],{"class":75},[61,66301,66067],{"class":143},[61,66303,1761],{"class":75},[61,66305,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,66307,160],{"class":159},[61,66309,147],{"class":75},[61,66311,66025],{"class":143},[61,66313,4165],{"class":4158},[61,66315,8680],{"class":143},[61,66317,153],{"class":75},[61,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,66321,160],{"class":159},[61,66323,147],{"class":75},[61,66325,8623],{"class":143},[61,66327,140],{"class":75},[61,66329,36122],{"class":143},[61,66331,147],{"class":75},[61,66333,66067],{"class":143},[61,66335,1761],{"class":75},[20,66337,66338],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66340,66341],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[29,66343,66344,66347,66354,66360],{},[32,66345,66346],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[32,66348,66349,66350,11372,66352],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66351,66223],{},[15,66353,107],{},[32,66355,66356,66357,66359],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66358,59250],{}," returns only the first one",[32,66361,66362],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[47,66364,5240,66366],{"id":66365},"when-to-use-index",[15,66367,59250],{},[20,66369,1503,66370,10881],{},[15,66371,59250],{},[29,66373,66374,66377,66380],{},[32,66375,66376],{},"You need the position of a known value",[32,66378,66379],{},"You are working with a small list",[32,66381,66382],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66384,66385],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[47,66387,2109],{"id":2108},[887,66389,5422,66391,5425],{"id":66390},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66392,65145],{},[20,66394,66395],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[887,66397,2113,66399,5441,66401,66403],{"id":66398},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66400,65145],{},[15,66402,66132],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66405,66406,66407,6910],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66408,40982],{},[887,66410,2123,66412,66414],{"id":66411},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66413,65145],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66416,66417],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[887,66419,66421,66422,2159],{"id":66420},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66423,59250],{},[20,66425,66426,66427,700,66429,66431],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66428,36349],{},[15,66430,52943],{}," arguments.",[47,66433,2172],{"id":2171},[29,66435,66436,66440,66444,66448],{},[32,66437,66438],{},[214,66439,59238],{"href":65574},[32,66441,66442],{},[214,66443,53054],{"href":54853},[32,66445,66446],{},[214,66447,66117],{"href":66116},[32,66449,66450],{},[214,66451,55803,66452,1516],{"href":59309},[15,66453,57573],{},[2204,66455,66456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":66458},[66459,66460,66462,66463,66464,66465,66466,66468,66469,66470,66472,66482],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":65242,"depth":97,"text":66461},"What list.index() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":38296,"depth":97,"text":38297},{"id":65450,"depth":97,"text":65451},{"id":65578,"depth":97,"text":65579},{"id":65685,"depth":97,"text":66467},"Using start and end",{"id":65908,"depth":97,"text":65909},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520},{"id":66365,"depth":97,"text":66471},"When to use index()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":66473},[66474,66476,66478,66480],{"id":66390,"depth":122,"text":66475},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66398,"depth":122,"text":66477},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66411,"depth":122,"text":66479},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66420,"depth":122,"text":66481},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65133,"description":66483},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66490,"title":66491,"body":66492,"description":68433,"extension":2249,"meta":68434,"navigation":125,"path":68435,"seo":68436,"stem":68437,"__hash__":68438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66493,"toc":68393},[66494,66499,66504,66507,66516,66573,66579,66584,66588,66602,66608,66610,66633,66650,66652,66713,66715,66747,66759,66761,66764,66864,66866,66944,66950,66954,66962,66966,66972,67027,67029,67053,67057,67060,67113,67115,67139,67143,67146,67199,67201,67225,67229,67235,67306,67308,67349,67355,67362,67365,67370,67378,67383,67391,67393,67490,67492,67561,67568,67573,67575,67579,67584,67586,67657,67659,67688,67694,67696,67723,67726,67749,67753,67756,67778,67781,67804,67806,67866,67868,67900,67906,67911,67964,67966,67991,67994,68043,68045,68066,68070,68075,68078,68133,68135,68162,68169,68173,68178,68249,68252,68266,68271,68276,68278,68292,68304,68309,68311,68316,68321,68325,68328,68334,68340,68347,68355,68357,68390],[10,66495,54625,66497,18],{"id":66496},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66498,54551],{},[20,66500,66501,66503],{},[15,66502,54194],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66505,66506],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66508,1503,66509,66511,66512,140],{},[15,66510,54551],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[214,66513,55803,66514,1516],{"href":57052},[15,66515,52935],{},[52,66517,66519],{"className":54,"code":66518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66520,66521,66541,66559,66569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66522,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66524,900],{"class":67},[61,66526,72],{"class":71},[61,66528,926],{"class":75},[61,66530,80],{"class":79},[61,66532,83],{"class":75},[61,66534,86],{"class":79},[61,66536,83],{"class":75},[61,66538,112],{"class":79},[61,66540,943],{"class":75},[61,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66544,3929],{"class":67},[61,66546,140],{"class":75},[61,66548,54234],{"class":143},[61,66550,147],{"class":75},[61,66552,301],{"class":79},[61,66554,83],{"class":75},[61,66556,91],{"class":79},[61,66558,153],{"class":75},[61,66560,66561,66563,66565,66567],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,66562,160],{"class":159},[61,66564,147],{"class":75},[61,66566,3929],{"class":143},[61,66568,153],{"class":75},[61,66570,66571],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,66572,53006],{"class":173},[20,66574,1503,66575,66578],{},[15,66576,66577],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[47,66580,184,66582,187],{"id":66581},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66583,54194],{},[20,66585,66586,192],{},[15,66587,54194],{},[29,66589,66590,66593,66596,66598],{},[32,66591,66592],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[32,66594,66595],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[32,66597,54711],{},[32,66599,11704,66600],{},[15,66601,4058],{},[20,66603,66604,66605,66607],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66606,54551],{}," does not create a new list.",[47,66609,5711],{"id":5710},[52,66611,66613],{"className":54,"code":66612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66614,66615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66616,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66618,8623],{"class":67},[61,66620,140],{"class":75},[61,66622,54234],{"class":143},[61,66624,147],{"class":75},[61,66626,36122],{"class":143},[61,66628,83],{"class":75},[61,66630,29783],{"class":143},[61,66632,153],{"class":75},[29,66634,66635,66640,66645],{},[32,66636,66637,66639],{},[15,66638,36122],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[32,66641,66642,66644],{},[15,66643,23586],{}," is the value to add",[32,66646,66647,66648],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66649,2405],{},[20,66651,368],{},[52,66653,66655],{"className":54,"code":66654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66656,66657,66681,66703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66658,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66660,1028],{"class":67},[61,66662,72],{"class":71},[61,66664,926],{"class":75},[61,66666,504],{"class":503},[61,66668,214],{"class":507},[61,66670,504],{"class":503},[61,66672,83],{"class":75},[61,66674,515],{"class":503},[61,66676,1071],{"class":507},[61,66678,504],{"class":503},[61,66680,943],{"class":75},[61,66682,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66684,36419],{"class":67},[61,66686,140],{"class":75},[61,66688,54234],{"class":143},[61,66690,147],{"class":75},[61,66692,80],{"class":79},[61,66694,83],{"class":75},[61,66696,515],{"class":503},[61,66698,329],{"class":507},[61,66700,504],{"class":503},[61,66702,153],{"class":75},[61,66704,66705,66707,66709,66711],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,66706,160],{"class":159},[61,66708,147],{"class":75},[61,66710,36419],{"class":143},[61,66712,153],{"class":75},[20,66714,1598],{},[52,66716,66717],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,66718,66719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66720,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66722,4182],{"class":75},[61,66724,630],{"class":503},[61,66726,214],{"class":507},[61,66728,630],{"class":503},[61,66730,83],{"class":75},[61,66732,639],{"class":503},[61,66734,329],{"class":507},[61,66736,630],{"class":503},[61,66738,83],{"class":75},[61,66740,639],{"class":503},[61,66742,1071],{"class":507},[61,66744,630],{"class":503},[61,66746,943],{"class":75},[20,66748,21050,66749,66751,66752,66754,66755,700,66757,140],{},[15,66750,65874],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66753,80],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66756,1299],{},[15,66758,1294],{},[47,66760,6067],{"id":6066},[20,66762,66763],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[52,66765,66767],{"className":54,"code":66766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66768,66769,66801,66819,66823,66845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66770,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66772,13356],{"class":67},[61,66774,72],{"class":71},[61,66776,926],{"class":75},[61,66778,504],{"class":503},[61,66780,13373],{"class":507},[61,66782,504],{"class":503},[61,66784,83],{"class":75},[61,66786,515],{"class":503},[61,66788,13390],{"class":507},[61,66790,504],{"class":503},[61,66792,83],{"class":75},[61,66794,515],{"class":503},[61,66796,17735],{"class":507},[61,66798,504],{"class":503},[61,66800,943],{"class":75},[61,66802,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66804,160],{"class":159},[61,66806,147],{"class":75},[61,66808,504],{"class":503},[61,66810,11843],{"class":507},[61,66812,504],{"class":503},[61,66814,83],{"class":75},[61,66816,13404],{"class":143},[61,66818,153],{"class":75},[61,66820,66821],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,66822,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,66824,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,66826,17782],{"class":67},[61,66828,140],{"class":75},[61,66830,54234],{"class":143},[61,66832,147],{"class":75},[61,66834,80],{"class":79},[61,66836,83],{"class":75},[61,66838,515],{"class":503},[61,66840,22800],{"class":507},[61,66842,504],{"class":503},[61,66844,153],{"class":75},[61,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853,66856,66858,66860,66862],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,66848,160],{"class":159},[61,66850,147],{"class":75},[61,66852,504],{"class":503},[61,66854,66855],{"class":507},"After: ",[61,66857,504],{"class":503},[61,66859,83],{"class":75},[61,66861,13404],{"class":143},[61,66863,153],{"class":75},[20,66865,1598],{},[52,66867,66869],{"className":54,"code":66868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66870,66871,66903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66874,11903],{"class":67},[61,66876,192],{"class":75},[61,66878,926],{"class":75},[61,66880,630],{"class":503},[61,66882,13373],{"class":507},[61,66884,630],{"class":503},[61,66886,83],{"class":75},[61,66888,639],{"class":503},[61,66890,13390],{"class":507},[61,66892,630],{"class":503},[61,66894,83],{"class":75},[61,66896,639],{"class":503},[61,66898,17735],{"class":507},[61,66900,630],{"class":503},[61,66902,943],{"class":75},[61,66904,66905,66907,66909,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66906,11956],{"class":67},[61,66908,192],{"class":75},[61,66910,66911],{"class":75},"  [",[61,66913,630],{"class":503},[61,66915,13373],{"class":507},[61,66917,630],{"class":503},[61,66919,83],{"class":75},[61,66921,639],{"class":503},[61,66923,22800],{"class":507},[61,66925,630],{"class":503},[61,66927,83],{"class":75},[61,66929,639],{"class":503},[61,66931,13390],{"class":507},[61,66933,630],{"class":503},[61,66935,83],{"class":75},[61,66937,639],{"class":503},[61,66939,17735],{"class":507},[61,66941,630],{"class":503},[61,66943,943],{"class":75},[20,66945,66946,66947,66949],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66948,80],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[47,66951,66953],{"id":66952},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66955,2266,66956,35605,66958,66961],{},[15,66957,36122],{},[15,66959,66960],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[887,66963,66965],{"id":66964},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66967,66968,66969,66971],{},"Use index ",[15,66970,2405],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[52,66973,66975],{"className":54,"code":66974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66976,66977,66998,67017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66978,66979,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66980,66981],{"class":67},"nums ",[61,66983,72],{"class":71},[61,66985,926],{"class":75},[61,66987,301],{"class":79},[61,66989,83],{"class":75},[61,66991,91],{"class":79},[61,66993,83],{"class":75},[61,66995,112],{"class":79},[61,66997,943],{"class":75},[61,66999,67000,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67001,67002],{"class":67},"nums",[61,67004,140],{"class":75},[61,67006,54234],{"class":143},[61,67008,147],{"class":75},[61,67010,2405],{"class":79},[61,67012,83],{"class":75},[61,67014,1720],{"class":79},[61,67016,153],{"class":75},[61,67018,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67020,160],{"class":159},[61,67022,147],{"class":75},[61,67024,67002],{"class":143},[61,67026,153],{"class":75},[20,67028,1598],{},[52,67030,67031],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67032,67033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67036,4182],{"class":75},[61,67038,80],{"class":79},[61,67040,83],{"class":75},[61,67042,86],{"class":79},[61,67044,83],{"class":75},[61,67046,91],{"class":79},[61,67048,83],{"class":75},[61,67050,112],{"class":79},[61,67052,943],{"class":75},[887,67054,67056],{"id":67055},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67058,67059],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[52,67061,67063],{"className":54,"code":67062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67064,67065,67085,67103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67066,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67068,66981],{"class":67},[61,67070,72],{"class":71},[61,67072,926],{"class":75},[61,67074,80],{"class":79},[61,67076,83],{"class":75},[61,67078,86],{"class":79},[61,67080,83],{"class":75},[61,67082,112],{"class":79},[61,67084,943],{"class":75},[61,67086,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67088,67002],{"class":67},[61,67090,140],{"class":75},[61,67092,54234],{"class":143},[61,67094,147],{"class":75},[61,67096,301],{"class":79},[61,67098,83],{"class":75},[61,67100,91],{"class":79},[61,67102,153],{"class":75},[61,67104,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67106,160],{"class":159},[61,67108,147],{"class":75},[61,67110,67002],{"class":143},[61,67112,153],{"class":75},[20,67114,1598],{},[52,67116,67117],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67118,67119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67120,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67122,4182],{"class":75},[61,67124,80],{"class":79},[61,67126,83],{"class":75},[61,67128,86],{"class":79},[61,67130,83],{"class":75},[61,67132,91],{"class":79},[61,67134,83],{"class":75},[61,67136,112],{"class":79},[61,67138,943],{"class":75},[887,67140,67142],{"id":67141},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67144,67145],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[52,67147,67149],{"className":54,"code":67148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67150,67151,67171,67189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67152,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67154,66981],{"class":67},[61,67156,72],{"class":71},[61,67158,926],{"class":75},[61,67160,80],{"class":79},[61,67162,83],{"class":75},[61,67164,86],{"class":79},[61,67166,83],{"class":75},[61,67168,91],{"class":79},[61,67170,943],{"class":75},[61,67172,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67174,67002],{"class":67},[61,67176,140],{"class":75},[61,67178,54234],{"class":143},[61,67180,147],{"class":75},[61,67182,2613],{"class":79},[61,67184,83],{"class":75},[61,67186,112],{"class":79},[61,67188,153],{"class":75},[61,67190,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67192,160],{"class":159},[61,67194,147],{"class":75},[61,67196,67002],{"class":143},[61,67198,153],{"class":75},[20,67200,1598],{},[52,67202,67203],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67204,67205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67208,4182],{"class":75},[61,67210,80],{"class":79},[61,67212,83],{"class":75},[61,67214,86],{"class":79},[61,67216,83],{"class":75},[61,67218,91],{"class":79},[61,67220,83],{"class":75},[61,67222,112],{"class":79},[61,67224,943],{"class":75},[887,67226,67228],{"id":67227},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67230,67231,67232,67234],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67233,54551],{}," places the item before that position.",[52,67236,67238],{"className":54,"code":67237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67239,67240,67272,67296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67241,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67243,1028],{"class":67},[61,67245,72],{"class":71},[61,67247,926],{"class":75},[61,67249,504],{"class":503},[61,67251,214],{"class":507},[61,67253,504],{"class":503},[61,67255,83],{"class":75},[61,67257,515],{"class":503},[61,67259,329],{"class":507},[61,67261,504],{"class":503},[61,67263,83],{"class":75},[61,67265,515],{"class":503},[61,67267,1080],{"class":507},[61,67269,504],{"class":503},[61,67271,943],{"class":75},[61,67273,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67275,36419],{"class":67},[61,67277,140],{"class":75},[61,67279,54234],{"class":143},[61,67281,147],{"class":75},[61,67283,2308],{"class":71},[61,67285,80],{"class":79},[61,67287,83],{"class":75},[61,67289,515],{"class":503},[61,67291,1071],{"class":507},[61,67293,504],{"class":503},[61,67295,153],{"class":75},[61,67297,67298,67300,67302,67304],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67299,160],{"class":159},[61,67301,147],{"class":75},[61,67303,36419],{"class":143},[61,67305,153],{"class":75},[20,67307,1598],{},[52,67309,67311],{"className":54,"code":67310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67312,67313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67314,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67316,4182],{"class":75},[61,67318,630],{"class":503},[61,67320,214],{"class":507},[61,67322,630],{"class":503},[61,67324,83],{"class":75},[61,67326,639],{"class":503},[61,67328,329],{"class":507},[61,67330,630],{"class":503},[61,67332,83],{"class":75},[61,67334,639],{"class":503},[61,67336,1071],{"class":507},[61,67338,630],{"class":503},[61,67340,83],{"class":75},[61,67342,639],{"class":503},[61,67344,1080],{"class":507},[61,67346,630],{"class":503},[61,67348,943],{"class":75},[20,67350,67351,67352,2586],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[214,67353,67354],{"href":51261},"Python lists beginner guide",[47,67356,67358,1310,67360],{"id":67357},"insert-vs-append",[15,67359,54551],{},[15,67361,52935],{},[20,67363,67364],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[887,67366,1503,67368,10881],{"id":67367},"use-insert-when",[15,67369,54551],{},[29,67371,67372,67375],{},[32,67373,67374],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[32,67376,67377],{},"The order of the list matters",[887,67379,1503,67381,10881],{"id":67380},"use-append-when",[15,67382,52935],{},[29,67384,67385,67388],{},[32,67386,67387],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[32,67389,67390],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67392,368],{},[52,67394,67396],{"className":54,"code":67395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67397,67398,67422,67426,67448,67458,67462,67480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67401,8061],{"class":67},[61,67403,72],{"class":71},[61,67405,926],{"class":75},[61,67407,504],{"class":503},[61,67409,508],{"class":507},[61,67411,504],{"class":503},[61,67413,83],{"class":75},[61,67415,515],{"class":503},[61,67417,527],{"class":507},[61,67419,504],{"class":503},[61,67421,943],{"class":75},[61,67423,67424],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67425,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,67427,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67429,8092],{"class":67},[61,67431,140],{"class":75},[61,67433,54234],{"class":143},[61,67435,147],{"class":75},[61,67437,80],{"class":79},[61,67439,83],{"class":75},[61,67441,515],{"class":503},[61,67443,518],{"class":507},[61,67445,504],{"class":503},[61,67447,153],{"class":75},[61,67449,67450,67452,67454,67456],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,67451,160],{"class":159},[61,67453,147],{"class":75},[61,67455,8092],{"class":143},[61,67457,153],{"class":75},[61,67459,67460],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,67461,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,67463,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,67465,8092],{"class":67},[61,67467,140],{"class":75},[61,67469,13834],{"class":143},[61,67471,147],{"class":75},[61,67473,504],{"class":503},[61,67475,553],{"class":507},[61,67477,504],{"class":503},[61,67479,153],{"class":75},[61,67481,67482,67484,67486,67488],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,67483,160],{"class":159},[61,67485,147],{"class":75},[61,67487,8092],{"class":143},[61,67489,153],{"class":75},[20,67491,1598],{},[52,67493,67495],{"className":54,"code":67494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67496,67497,67525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67498,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67500,4182],{"class":75},[61,67502,630],{"class":503},[61,67504,508],{"class":507},[61,67506,630],{"class":503},[61,67508,83],{"class":75},[61,67510,639],{"class":503},[61,67512,518],{"class":507},[61,67514,630],{"class":503},[61,67516,83],{"class":75},[61,67518,639],{"class":503},[61,67520,527],{"class":507},[61,67522,630],{"class":503},[61,67524,943],{"class":75},[61,67526,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67528,4182],{"class":75},[61,67530,630],{"class":503},[61,67532,508],{"class":507},[61,67534,630],{"class":503},[61,67536,83],{"class":75},[61,67538,639],{"class":503},[61,67540,518],{"class":507},[61,67542,630],{"class":503},[61,67544,83],{"class":75},[61,67546,639],{"class":503},[61,67548,527],{"class":507},[61,67550,630],{"class":503},[61,67552,83],{"class":75},[61,67554,639],{"class":503},[61,67556,553],{"class":507},[61,67558,630],{"class":503},[61,67560,943],{"class":75},[20,67562,67563,67564,140],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[214,67565,55803,67566,1516],{"href":57052},[15,67567,52935],{},[20,67569,67570,67571,140],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[214,67572,53332],{"href":53331},[47,67574,1520],{"id":1519},[20,67576,15014,67577,140],{},[15,67578,54551],{},[887,67580,12875,67582],{"id":67581},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67583,54551],{},[20,67585,25966],{},[52,67587,67589],{"className":54,"code":67588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67590,67591,67611,67633,67637,67647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67592,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67594,900],{"class":67},[61,67596,72],{"class":71},[61,67598,926],{"class":75},[61,67600,80],{"class":79},[61,67602,83],{"class":75},[61,67604,86],{"class":79},[61,67606,83],{"class":75},[61,67608,91],{"class":79},[61,67610,943],{"class":75},[61,67612,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67614,132],{"class":67},[61,67616,72],{"class":71},[61,67618,956],{"class":67},[61,67620,140],{"class":75},[61,67622,54234],{"class":143},[61,67624,147],{"class":75},[61,67626,80],{"class":79},[61,67628,83],{"class":75},[61,67630,10478],{"class":79},[61,67632,153],{"class":75},[61,67634,67635],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67636,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,67638,67639,67641,67643,67645],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,67640,160],{"class":159},[61,67642,147],{"class":75},[61,67644,165],{"class":143},[61,67646,153],{"class":75},[61,67648,67649,67651,67653,67655],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,67650,160],{"class":159},[61,67652,147],{"class":75},[61,67654,3929],{"class":143},[61,67656,153],{"class":75},[20,67658,1598],{},[52,67660,67662],{"className":54,"code":67661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67663,67664,67668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67665,67666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67667,12088],{"class":4133},[61,67669,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67671,4182],{"class":75},[61,67673,80],{"class":79},[61,67675,83],{"class":75},[61,67677,10478],{"class":79},[61,67679,83],{"class":75},[61,67681,86],{"class":79},[61,67683,83],{"class":75},[61,67685,91],{"class":79},[61,67687,943],{"class":75},[20,67689,67690,54436,67692,140],{},[15,67691,54551],{},[15,67693,4058],{},[20,67695,16923],{},[52,67697,67699],{"className":54,"code":67698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67700,67701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67704,56173],{"class":67},[61,67706,72],{"class":71},[61,67708,956],{"class":67},[61,67710,140],{"class":75},[61,67712,54234],{"class":143},[61,67714,147],{"class":75},[61,67716,80],{"class":79},[61,67718,83],{"class":75},[61,67720,10478],{"class":79},[61,67722,153],{"class":75},[20,67724,67725],{},"Right:",[52,67727,67729],{"className":54,"code":67728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67730,67731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67732,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67734,3929],{"class":67},[61,67736,140],{"class":75},[61,67738,54234],{"class":143},[61,67740,147],{"class":75},[61,67742,80],{"class":79},[61,67744,83],{"class":75},[61,67746,10478],{"class":79},[61,67748,153],{"class":75},[887,67750,67752],{"id":67751},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67754,67755],{},"The correct order is:",[52,67757,67758],{"className":54,"code":66612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67759,67760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67761,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67763,8623],{"class":67},[61,67765,140],{"class":75},[61,67767,54234],{"class":143},[61,67769,147],{"class":75},[61,67771,36122],{"class":143},[61,67773,83],{"class":75},[61,67775,29783],{"class":143},[61,67777,153],{"class":75},[20,67779,67780],{},"Not:",[52,67782,67784],{"className":54,"code":67783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67785,67786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67787,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67789,8623],{"class":67},[61,67791,140],{"class":75},[61,67793,54234],{"class":143},[61,67795,147],{"class":75},[61,67797,23586],{"class":143},[61,67799,83],{"class":75},[61,67801,36097],{"class":143},[61,67803,153],{"class":75},[20,67805,368],{},[52,67807,67808],{"className":54,"code":66654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67809,67810,67834,67856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67813,1028],{"class":67},[61,67815,72],{"class":71},[61,67817,926],{"class":75},[61,67819,504],{"class":503},[61,67821,214],{"class":507},[61,67823,504],{"class":503},[61,67825,83],{"class":75},[61,67827,515],{"class":503},[61,67829,1071],{"class":507},[61,67831,504],{"class":503},[61,67833,943],{"class":75},[61,67835,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67837,36419],{"class":67},[61,67839,140],{"class":75},[61,67841,54234],{"class":143},[61,67843,147],{"class":75},[61,67845,80],{"class":79},[61,67847,83],{"class":75},[61,67849,515],{"class":503},[61,67851,329],{"class":507},[61,67853,504],{"class":503},[61,67855,153],{"class":75},[61,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67859,160],{"class":159},[61,67861,147],{"class":75},[61,67863,36419],{"class":143},[61,67865,153],{"class":75},[20,67867,1598],{},[52,67869,67870],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67871,67872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67873,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67875,4182],{"class":75},[61,67877,630],{"class":503},[61,67879,214],{"class":507},[61,67881,630],{"class":503},[61,67883,83],{"class":75},[61,67885,639],{"class":503},[61,67887,329],{"class":507},[61,67889,630],{"class":503},[61,67891,83],{"class":75},[61,67893,639],{"class":503},[61,67895,1071],{"class":507},[61,67897,630],{"class":503},[61,67899,943],{"class":75},[887,67901,1524,67903,67905],{"id":67902},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67904,54551],{}," to replace an item",[20,67907,67908,67910],{},[15,67909,54551],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[52,67912,67914],{"className":54,"code":67913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67915,67916,67936,67954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67917,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67919,900],{"class":67},[61,67921,72],{"class":71},[61,67923,926],{"class":75},[61,67925,80],{"class":79},[61,67927,83],{"class":75},[61,67929,86],{"class":79},[61,67931,83],{"class":75},[61,67933,91],{"class":79},[61,67935,943],{"class":75},[61,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67939,3929],{"class":67},[61,67941,140],{"class":75},[61,67943,54234],{"class":143},[61,67945,147],{"class":75},[61,67947,80],{"class":79},[61,67949,83],{"class":75},[61,67951,10478],{"class":79},[61,67953,153],{"class":75},[61,67955,67956,67958,67960,67962],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,67957,160],{"class":159},[61,67959,147],{"class":75},[61,67961,3929],{"class":143},[61,67963,153],{"class":75},[20,67965,1598],{},[52,67967,67969],{"className":54,"code":67968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67970,67971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67972,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67974,4182],{"class":75},[61,67976,80],{"class":79},[61,67978,83],{"class":75},[61,67980,10478],{"class":79},[61,67982,83],{"class":75},[61,67984,86],{"class":79},[61,67986,83],{"class":75},[61,67988,91],{"class":79},[61,67990,943],{"class":75},[20,67992,67993],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[52,67995,67997],{"className":54,"code":67996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67998,67999,68019,68033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68000,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68002,900],{"class":67},[61,68004,72],{"class":71},[61,68006,926],{"class":75},[61,68008,80],{"class":79},[61,68010,83],{"class":75},[61,68012,86],{"class":79},[61,68014,83],{"class":75},[61,68016,91],{"class":79},[61,68018,943],{"class":75},[61,68020,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68022,3929],{"class":67},[61,68024,4182],{"class":75},[61,68026,80],{"class":79},[61,68028,13554],{"class":75},[61,68030,13557],{"class":71},[61,68032,14411],{"class":79},[61,68034,68035,68037,68039,68041],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68036,160],{"class":159},[61,68038,147],{"class":75},[61,68040,3929],{"class":143},[61,68042,153],{"class":75},[20,68044,1598],{},[52,68046,68048],{"className":54,"code":68047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68049,68050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68051,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68053,4182],{"class":75},[61,68055,80],{"class":79},[61,68057,83],{"class":75},[61,68059,10478],{"class":79},[61,68061,83],{"class":75},[61,68063,91],{"class":79},[61,68065,943],{"class":75},[887,68067,68069],{"id":68068},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68071,68072,68074],{},[15,68073,54551],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68076,68077],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[52,68079,68081],{"className":54,"code":68080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68082,68083,68099,68123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68084,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68086,900],{"class":67},[61,68088,72],{"class":71},[61,68090,926],{"class":75},[61,68092,80],{"class":79},[61,68094,83],{"class":75},[61,68096,112],{"class":79},[61,68098,943],{"class":75},[61,68100,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68102,3929],{"class":67},[61,68104,140],{"class":75},[61,68106,54234],{"class":143},[61,68108,147],{"class":75},[61,68110,80],{"class":79},[61,68112,83],{"class":75},[61,68114,926],{"class":75},[61,68116,301],{"class":79},[61,68118,83],{"class":75},[61,68120,91],{"class":79},[61,68122,1887],{"class":75},[61,68124,68125,68127,68129,68131],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68126,160],{"class":159},[61,68128,147],{"class":75},[61,68130,3929],{"class":143},[61,68132,153],{"class":75},[20,68134,1598],{},[52,68136,68138],{"className":54,"code":68137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68139,68140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68141,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68143,4182],{"class":75},[61,68145,80],{"class":79},[61,68147,83],{"class":75},[61,68149,926],{"class":75},[61,68151,301],{"class":79},[61,68153,83],{"class":75},[61,68155,91],{"class":79},[61,68157,18342],{"class":75},[61,68159,112],{"class":79},[61,68161,943],{"class":75},[20,68163,68164,68165,140],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[214,68166,55803,68167,1516],{"href":53627},[15,68168,53729],{},[887,68170,68172],{"id":68171},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68174,9158,68175,68177],{},[15,68176,54551],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[52,68179,68181],{"className":54,"code":68180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68182,68183,68193,68207,68225,68239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68184,68185,68187,68189,68191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68186,160],{"class":159},[61,68188,147],{"class":75},[61,68190,8623],{"class":143},[61,68192,153],{"class":75},[61,68194,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203,68205],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68196,160],{"class":159},[61,68198,147],{"class":75},[61,68200,11442],{"class":159},[61,68202,147],{"class":75},[61,68204,8623],{"class":143},[61,68206,1761],{"class":75},[61,68208,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68210,160],{"class":159},[61,68212,147],{"class":75},[61,68214,8623],{"class":143},[61,68216,140],{"class":75},[61,68218,54234],{"class":2103},[61,68220,140],{"class":75},[61,68222,34721],{"class":34728},[61,68224,153],{"class":75},[61,68226,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,68228,2093],{"class":159},[61,68230,147],{"class":75},[61,68232,8377],{"class":2071},[61,68234,140],{"class":75},[61,68236,54234],{"class":2103},[61,68238,153],{"class":75},[61,68240,68241,68243,68245,68247],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,68242,2072],{"class":2071},[61,68244,147],{"class":75},[61,68246,8623],{"class":143},[61,68248,153],{"class":75},[20,68250,68251],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[29,68253,68254,68257,68260,68263],{},[32,68255,68256],{},"What is currently in the list",[32,68258,68259],{},"How long the list is",[32,68261,68262],{},"That you are working with a real list",[32,68264,68265],{},"How Python describes the method",[47,68267,5240,68269],{"id":68268},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68270,54551],{},[20,68272,1503,68273,68275],{},[15,68274,54551],{}," when position matters.",[20,68277,36702],{},[29,68279,68280,68283,68286,68289],{},[32,68281,68282],{},"Ordered menus",[32,68284,68285],{},"Rankings or score lists",[32,68287,68288],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[32,68290,68291],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68293,68294,68295,68297,68298,68300,68301,68303],{},"You usually do ",[39,68296,4909],{}," need ",[15,68299,54551],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68302,52935],{}," is simpler.",[20,68305,68306,68307,140],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[214,68308,57437],{"href":57436},[47,68310,2109],{"id":2108},[887,68312,2113,68314,55752],{"id":68313},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68315,54194],{},[20,68317,68318,68319,140],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68320,4058],{},[887,68322,68324],{"id":68323},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68326,68327],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[887,68329,2123,68331,68333],{"id":68330},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68332,54194],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68335,68336,68337,68339],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68338,53729],{}," or slicing.",[887,68341,2153,68343,700,68345,2159],{"id":68342},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68344,54551],{},[15,68346,52935],{},[20,68348,68349,68351,68352,68354],{},[15,68350,54551],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68353,52935],{}," adds only at the end.",[47,68356,2172],{"id":2171},[29,68358,68359,68365,68371,68375,68379,68383],{},[32,68360,68361],{},[214,68362,55803,68363,1516],{"href":57052},[15,68364,52935],{},[32,68366,68367],{},[214,68368,55803,68369,1516],{"href":53627},[15,68370,53729],{},[32,68372,68373],{},[214,68374,54561],{"href":53331},[32,68376,68377],{},[214,68378,53054],{"href":51261},[32,68380,68381],{},[214,68382,57511],{"href":57436},[32,68384,68385],{},[214,68386,30623,68387,33908],{"href":54579},[15,68388,68389],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2204,68391,68392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":68394},[68395,68397,68398,68399,68405,68412,68421,68423,68432],{"id":66581,"depth":97,"text":68396},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711},{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":66952,"depth":97,"text":66953,"children":68400},[68401,68402,68403,68404],{"id":66964,"depth":122,"text":66965},{"id":67055,"depth":122,"text":67056},{"id":67141,"depth":122,"text":67142},{"id":67227,"depth":122,"text":67228},{"id":67357,"depth":97,"text":68406,"children":68407},"insert() vs append()",[68408,68410],{"id":67367,"depth":122,"text":68409},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67380,"depth":122,"text":68411},"Use append() when:",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":68413},[68414,68416,68417,68419,68420],{"id":67581,"depth":122,"text":68415},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67751,"depth":122,"text":67752},{"id":67902,"depth":122,"text":68418},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68068,"depth":122,"text":68069},{"id":68171,"depth":122,"text":68172},{"id":68268,"depth":97,"text":68422},"When to use insert()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":68424},[68425,68427,68428,68430],{"id":68313,"depth":122,"text":68426},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68323,"depth":122,"text":68324},{"id":68330,"depth":122,"text":68429},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68342,"depth":122,"text":68431},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66491,"description":68433},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68440,"title":68441,"body":68442,"description":69997,"extension":2249,"meta":69998,"navigation":125,"path":59255,"seo":69999,"stem":70000,"__hash__":70001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68443,"toc":69970},[68444,68450,68459,68508,68510,68518,68524,68526,68544,68550,68555,68558,68561,68576,68578,68630,68632,68640,68648,68655,68657,68663,68728,68730,68738,68740,68759,68762,68813,68817,68822,68849,68851,68859,68862,68931,68933,68948,68954,68958,68967,68970,69025,69027,69035,69038,69040,69085,69087,69095,69101,69103,69111,69114,69116,69155,69157,69196,69201,69203,69205,69240,69243,69245,69283,69287,69293,69295,69346,69348,69356,69363,69366,69387,69390,69445,69456,69458,69519,69521,69530,69537,69543,69546,69549,69606,69609,69622,69629,69635,69641,69643,69656,69659,69756,69758,69775,69778,69860,69862,69884,69891,69897,69899,69903,69909,69915,69920,69924,69927,69933,69940,69942,69967],[10,68445,68447,68448,442],{"id":68446},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68449,11442],{},[20,68451,68452,68453,68455,68456,68458],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68454,42639],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68457,42639],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[52,68460,68462],{"className":54,"code":68461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68463,68464,68484,68498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68465,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68467,900],{"class":67},[61,68469,72],{"class":71},[61,68471,926],{"class":75},[61,68473,2613],{"class":79},[61,68475,83],{"class":75},[61,68477,8072],{"class":79},[61,68479,83],{"class":75},[61,68481,8077],{"class":79},[61,68483,943],{"class":75},[61,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68487,41520],{"class":67},[61,68489,72],{"class":71},[61,68491,38663],{"class":159},[61,68493,147],{"class":75},[61,68495,3929],{"class":143},[61,68497,153],{"class":75},[61,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68501,160],{"class":159},[61,68503,147],{"class":75},[61,68505,41538],{"class":143},[61,68507,153],{"class":75},[20,68509,1598],{},[52,68511,68512],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68513,68514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68515,68516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68517,46897],{"class":79},[20,68519,1503,68520,68523],{},[15,68521,68522],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[47,68525,15443],{"id":15442},[29,68527,68528,68533,68538,68541],{},[32,68529,4479,68530,68532],{},[15,68531,42639],{}," works with Python lists",[32,68534,68535,68536,11985],{},"What value ",[15,68537,42639],{},[32,68539,68540],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[32,68542,68543],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[47,68545,184,68547,68549],{"id":68546},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68548,42639],{}," returns for a list",[20,68551,68552,65365],{},[15,68553,68554],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68556,68557],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68559,68560],{},"A few important points:",[29,68562,68563,68566,68571],{},[32,68564,68565],{},"It counts list items",[32,68567,41184,68568,68570],{},[39,68569,4909],{}," count characters inside a string item",[32,68572,68573,68574],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68575,2405],{},[20,68577,368],{},[52,68579,68581],{"className":54,"code":68580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68582,68583,68616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68584,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68586,1778],{"class":67},[61,68588,72],{"class":71},[61,68590,926],{"class":75},[61,68592,504],{"class":503},[61,68594,1218],{"class":507},[61,68596,504],{"class":503},[61,68598,83],{"class":75},[61,68600,515],{"class":503},[61,68602,68603],{"class":507},"elephant",[61,68605,504],{"class":503},[61,68607,83],{"class":75},[61,68609,515],{"class":503},[61,68611,1787],{"class":507},[61,68613,504],{"class":503},[61,68615,943],{"class":75},[61,68617,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68619,160],{"class":159},[61,68621,147],{"class":75},[61,68623,11442],{"class":159},[61,68625,147],{"class":75},[61,68627,4394],{"class":143},[61,68629,1761],{"class":75},[20,68631,1598],{},[52,68633,68634],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68635,68636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68637,68638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68639,46897],{"class":79},[20,68641,1010,68642,68645,68646,65372],{},[15,68643,68644],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[39,68647,52939],{},[20,68649,68650,68651,140],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[214,68652,13,68653,3790],{"href":42636},[15,68654,42639],{},[47,68656,6067],{"id":6066},[20,68658,68659,68660,68662],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68661,42639],{},", and print the result.",[52,68664,68666],{"className":54,"code":68665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68667,68668,68700,68714,68718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68669,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696,68698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68671,13356],{"class":67},[61,68673,72],{"class":71},[61,68675,926],{"class":75},[61,68677,504],{"class":503},[61,68679,13373],{"class":507},[61,68681,504],{"class":503},[61,68683,83],{"class":75},[61,68685,515],{"class":503},[61,68687,17735],{"class":507},[61,68689,504],{"class":503},[61,68691,83],{"class":75},[61,68693,515],{"class":503},[61,68695,13390],{"class":507},[61,68697,504],{"class":503},[61,68699,943],{"class":75},[61,68701,68702,68704,68706,68708,68710,68712],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68703,41520],{"class":67},[61,68705,72],{"class":71},[61,68707,38663],{"class":159},[61,68709,147],{"class":75},[61,68711,17782],{"class":143},[61,68713,153],{"class":75},[61,68715,68716],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68717,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,68719,68720,68722,68724,68726],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,68721,160],{"class":159},[61,68723,147],{"class":75},[61,68725,41538],{"class":143},[61,68727,153],{"class":75},[20,68729,1598],{},[52,68731,68732],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68733,68734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68735,68736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68737,46897],{"class":79},[20,68739,11963],{},[29,68741,68742,68747,68754],{},[32,68743,68744,68746],{},[15,68745,17782],{}," is a list with 3 items",[32,68748,68749,2680,68752],{},[15,68750,68751],{},"len(colors)",[15,68753,107],{},[32,68755,68756,68757],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68758,41538],{},[20,68760,68761],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[52,68763,68765],{"className":54,"code":68764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68766,68767,68799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68768,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68770,13356],{"class":67},[61,68772,72],{"class":71},[61,68774,926],{"class":75},[61,68776,504],{"class":503},[61,68778,13373],{"class":507},[61,68780,504],{"class":503},[61,68782,83],{"class":75},[61,68784,515],{"class":503},[61,68786,17735],{"class":507},[61,68788,504],{"class":503},[61,68790,83],{"class":75},[61,68792,515],{"class":503},[61,68794,13390],{"class":507},[61,68796,504],{"class":503},[61,68798,943],{"class":75},[61,68800,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68802,160],{"class":159},[61,68804,147],{"class":75},[61,68806,11442],{"class":159},[61,68808,147],{"class":75},[61,68810,17782],{"class":143},[61,68812,1761],{"class":75},[47,68814,68816],{"id":68815},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68818,68819,68820,140],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68821,2405],{},[52,68823,68825],{"className":54,"code":68824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68826,68827,68835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68828,68829,68831,68833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68830,8061],{"class":67},[61,68832,72],{"class":71},[61,68834,8121],{"class":75},[61,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68838,160],{"class":159},[61,68840,147],{"class":75},[61,68842,11442],{"class":159},[61,68844,147],{"class":75},[61,68846,8092],{"class":143},[61,68848,1761],{"class":75},[20,68850,1598],{},[52,68852,68853],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68854,68855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68856,68857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68858,47532],{"class":79},[20,68860,68861],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[52,68863,68865],{"className":54,"code":68864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68866,68867,68875,68879,68897,68911,68917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68868,68869,68871,68873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68870,8061],{"class":67},[61,68872,72],{"class":71},[61,68874,8121],{"class":75},[61,68876,68877],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68878,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,68880,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,68882,7277],{"class":4158},[61,68884,38663],{"class":159},[61,68886,147],{"class":75},[61,68888,8092],{"class":143},[61,68890,442],{"class":75},[61,68892,38673],{"class":71},[61,68894,4114],{"class":79},[61,68896,6673],{"class":75},[61,68898,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,68900,8352],{"class":159},[61,68902,147],{"class":75},[61,68904,8092],{"class":143},[61,68906,4182],{"class":75},[61,68908,2405],{"class":79},[61,68910,1887],{"class":75},[61,68912,68913,68915],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,68914,27710],{"class":4158},[61,68916,6673],{"class":75},[61,68918,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,68920,8352],{"class":159},[61,68922,147],{"class":75},[61,68924,504],{"class":503},[61,68926,52098],{"class":507},[61,68928,504],{"class":503},[61,68930,153],{"class":75},[20,68932,1598],{},[52,68934,68936],{"className":54,"code":68935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is empty\n",[15,68937,68938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68939,68940,68942,68944,68946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68941,2266],{"class":67},[61,68943,8377],{"class":2071},[61,68945,8380],{"class":71},[61,68947,8386],{"class":67},[20,68949,68950,68951,68953],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[214,68952,53054],{"href":51261}," is a good next step.",[47,68955,68957],{"id":68956},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68959,68960,68962,68963,68966],{},[15,68961,42639],{}," counts only the ",[39,68964,68965],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68968,68969],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[52,68971,68973],{"className":54,"code":68972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68974,68975,69011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68976,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68978,9449],{"class":67},[61,68980,72],{"class":71},[61,68982,56577],{"class":75},[61,68984,80],{"class":79},[61,68986,83],{"class":75},[61,68988,86],{"class":79},[61,68990,18342],{"class":75},[61,68992,926],{"class":75},[61,68994,107],{"class":79},[61,68996,83],{"class":75},[61,68998,112],{"class":79},[61,69000,18342],{"class":75},[61,69002,926],{"class":75},[61,69004,1013],{"class":79},[61,69006,83],{"class":75},[61,69008,37920],{"class":79},[61,69010,53525],{"class":75},[61,69012,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69014,160],{"class":159},[61,69016,147],{"class":75},[61,69018,11442],{"class":159},[61,69020,147],{"class":75},[61,69022,9488],{"class":143},[61,69024,1761],{"class":75},[20,69026,1598],{},[52,69028,69029],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69030,69031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69032,69033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69034,46897],{"class":79},[20,69036,69037],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69039,52362],{},[52,69041,69043],{"className":54,"code":69042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69044,69045,69071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69048,59755],{"class":67},[61,69050,72],{"class":71},[61,69052,926],{"class":75},[61,69054,80],{"class":79},[61,69056,83],{"class":75},[61,69058,926],{"class":75},[61,69060,301],{"class":79},[61,69062,83],{"class":75},[61,69064,91],{"class":79},[61,69066,18342],{"class":75},[61,69068,112],{"class":79},[61,69070,943],{"class":75},[61,69072,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69074,160],{"class":159},[61,69076,147],{"class":75},[61,69078,11442],{"class":159},[61,69080,147],{"class":75},[61,69082,59808],{"class":143},[61,69084,1761],{"class":75},[20,69086,1598],{},[52,69088,69089],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69090,69091],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69092,69093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69094,46897],{"class":79},[20,69096,1010,69097,69100],{},[15,69098,69099],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[47,69102,1520],{"id":1519},[887,69104,716,69106,11372,69109],{"id":69105},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69107,69108],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69110,68554],{},[20,69112,69113],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69115,16923],{},[52,69117,69119],{"className":54,"code":69118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69120,69121,69141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69122,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69124,900],{"class":67},[61,69126,72],{"class":71},[61,69128,926],{"class":75},[61,69130,2613],{"class":79},[61,69132,83],{"class":75},[61,69134,8072],{"class":79},[61,69136,83],{"class":75},[61,69138,8077],{"class":79},[61,69140,943],{"class":75},[61,69142,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69144,160],{"class":159},[61,69146,147],{"class":75},[61,69148,3929],{"class":143},[61,69150,140],{"class":75},[61,69152,11442],{"class":143},[61,69154,7474],{"class":75},[20,69156,16935],{},[52,69158,69160],{"className":54,"code":69159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69161,69162,69182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69163,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69165,900],{"class":67},[61,69167,72],{"class":71},[61,69169,926],{"class":75},[61,69171,2613],{"class":79},[61,69173,83],{"class":75},[61,69175,8072],{"class":79},[61,69177,83],{"class":75},[61,69179,8077],{"class":79},[61,69181,943],{"class":75},[61,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69185,160],{"class":159},[61,69187,147],{"class":75},[61,69189,11442],{"class":159},[61,69191,147],{"class":75},[61,69193,3929],{"class":143},[61,69195,1761],{"class":75},[20,69197,69198,69200],{},[15,69199,42639],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[887,69202,25963],{"id":25962},[20,69204,16923],{},[52,69206,69208],{"className":54,"code":69207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69209,69210,69230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69211,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69213,900],{"class":67},[61,69215,72],{"class":71},[61,69217,926],{"class":75},[61,69219,2613],{"class":79},[61,69221,83],{"class":75},[61,69223,8072],{"class":79},[61,69225,83],{"class":75},[61,69227,8077],{"class":79},[61,69229,943],{"class":75},[61,69231,69232,69234,69236,69238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69233,160],{"class":159},[61,69235,147],{"class":75},[61,69237,11442],{"class":159},[61,69239,153],{"class":75},[20,69241,69242],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69244,16935],{},[52,69246,69247],{"className":54,"code":69159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69248,69249,69269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69250,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69252,900],{"class":67},[61,69254,72],{"class":71},[61,69256,926],{"class":75},[61,69258,2613],{"class":79},[61,69260,83],{"class":75},[61,69262,8072],{"class":79},[61,69264,83],{"class":75},[61,69266,8077],{"class":79},[61,69268,943],{"class":75},[61,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69272,160],{"class":159},[61,69274,147],{"class":75},[61,69276,11442],{"class":159},[61,69278,147],{"class":75},[61,69280,3929],{"class":143},[61,69282,1761],{"class":75},[887,69284,69286],{"id":69285},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69288,69289,69290,69292],{},"The length of a list is ",[39,69291,4909],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69294,368],{},[52,69296,69298],{"className":54,"code":69297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69299,69300,69332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69301,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69303,1028],{"class":67},[61,69305,72],{"class":71},[61,69307,926],{"class":75},[61,69309,504],{"class":503},[61,69311,214],{"class":507},[61,69313,504],{"class":503},[61,69315,83],{"class":75},[61,69317,515],{"class":503},[61,69319,329],{"class":507},[61,69321,504],{"class":503},[61,69323,83],{"class":75},[61,69325,515],{"class":503},[61,69327,1071],{"class":507},[61,69329,504],{"class":503},[61,69331,943],{"class":75},[61,69333,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69335,160],{"class":159},[61,69337,147],{"class":75},[61,69339,11442],{"class":159},[61,69341,147],{"class":75},[61,69343,36419],{"class":143},[61,69345,1761],{"class":75},[20,69347,1598],{},[52,69349,69350],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69351,69352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69353,69354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69355,46897],{"class":79},[20,69357,69358,69359,19242,69361,140],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69360,301],{},[15,69362,107],{},[20,69364,69365],{},"Indexes are:",[29,69367,69368,69375,69381],{},[32,69369,69370,69372,69373],{},[15,69371,2405],{}," for ",[15,69374,1299],{},[32,69376,69377,69372,69379],{},[15,69378,80],{},[15,69380,65874],{},[32,69382,69383,69372,69385],{},[15,69384,301],{},[15,69386,1294],{},[20,69388,69389],{},"So this causes an error:",[52,69391,69393],{"className":54,"code":69392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69394,69395,69427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69396,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69398,1028],{"class":67},[61,69400,72],{"class":71},[61,69402,926],{"class":75},[61,69404,504],{"class":503},[61,69406,214],{"class":507},[61,69408,504],{"class":503},[61,69410,83],{"class":75},[61,69412,515],{"class":503},[61,69414,329],{"class":507},[61,69416,504],{"class":503},[61,69418,83],{"class":75},[61,69420,515],{"class":503},[61,69422,1071],{"class":507},[61,69424,504],{"class":503},[61,69426,943],{"class":75},[61,69428,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69430,160],{"class":159},[61,69432,147],{"class":75},[61,69434,36419],{"class":143},[61,69436,4182],{"class":75},[61,69438,11442],{"class":159},[61,69440,147],{"class":75},[61,69442,36419],{"class":143},[61,69444,10959],{"class":75},[20,69446,1618,69447,5062,69450,69452,69453,69455],{},[15,69448,69449],{},"len(letters)",[15,69451,107],{},", and index ",[15,69454,107],{}," does not exist.",[20,69457,19119],{},[52,69459,69461],{"className":54,"code":69460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69462,69463,69495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69464,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69466,1028],{"class":67},[61,69468,72],{"class":71},[61,69470,926],{"class":75},[61,69472,504],{"class":503},[61,69474,214],{"class":507},[61,69476,504],{"class":503},[61,69478,83],{"class":75},[61,69480,515],{"class":503},[61,69482,329],{"class":507},[61,69484,504],{"class":503},[61,69486,83],{"class":75},[61,69488,515],{"class":503},[61,69490,1071],{"class":507},[61,69492,504],{"class":503},[61,69494,943],{"class":75},[61,69496,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69498,160],{"class":159},[61,69500,147],{"class":75},[61,69502,36419],{"class":143},[61,69504,4182],{"class":75},[61,69506,11442],{"class":159},[61,69508,147],{"class":75},[61,69510,36419],{"class":143},[61,69512,442],{"class":75},[61,69514,2506],{"class":71},[61,69516,1720],{"class":79},[61,69518,1887],{"class":75},[20,69520,1598],{},[52,69522,69524],{"className":54,"code":69523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"c\n",[15,69525,69526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69527,69528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69529,69523],{"class":67},[20,69531,69532,69533,140],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[214,69534,69536],{"href":69535},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[887,69538,716,69540,69542],{"id":69539},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69541,42639],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69544,69545],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69547,69548],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[52,69550,69552],{"className":54,"code":69551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69553,69554,69564,69578,69592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69555,69556,69558,69560,69562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69557,160],{"class":159},[61,69559,147],{"class":75},[61,69561,8623],{"class":143},[61,69563,153],{"class":75},[61,69565,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69567,160],{"class":159},[61,69569,147],{"class":75},[61,69571,11442],{"class":159},[61,69573,147],{"class":75},[61,69575,8623],{"class":143},[61,69577,1761],{"class":75},[61,69579,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,69581,160],{"class":159},[61,69583,147],{"class":75},[61,69585,2072],{"class":2071},[61,69587,147],{"class":75},[61,69589,8623],{"class":143},[61,69591,1761],{"class":75},[61,69593,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,69595,160],{"class":159},[61,69597,147],{"class":75},[61,69599,8623],{"class":143},[61,69601,4182],{"class":75},[61,69603,2405],{"class":79},[61,69605,1887],{"class":75},[20,69607,69608],{},"These help you verify:",[29,69610,69611,69614,69616,69619],{},[32,69612,69613],{},"what the variable contains",[32,69615,61067],{},[32,69617,69618],{},"whether it is really a list",[32,69620,69621],{},"what the first item is",[20,69623,69624,69625,69628],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69626,69627],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[47,69630,5240,69632,69634],{"id":69631},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69633,42639],{}," with lists",[20,69636,69637,69638,69640],{},"You will often use ",[15,69639,42639],{}," in real programs.",[20,69642,9655],{},[29,69644,69645,69647,69650,69653],{},[32,69646,52052],{},[32,69648,69649],{},"Control loops",[32,69651,69652],{},"Validate input or results",[32,69654,69655],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69657,69658],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[52,69660,69662],{"className":54,"code":69661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69663,69664,69684,69700,69704,69718,69732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69665,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69667,37],{"class":67},[61,69669,72],{"class":71},[61,69671,926],{"class":75},[61,69673,80],{"class":79},[61,69675,83],{"class":75},[61,69677,86],{"class":79},[61,69679,83],{"class":75},[61,69681,91],{"class":79},[61,69683,943],{"class":75},[61,69685,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69687,294],{"class":67},[61,69689,72],{"class":71},[61,69691,926],{"class":75},[61,69693,2613],{"class":79},[61,69695,83],{"class":75},[61,69697,8072],{"class":79},[61,69699,943],{"class":75},[61,69701,69702],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,69703,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,69705,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,69707,160],{"class":159},[61,69709,147],{"class":75},[61,69711,11442],{"class":159},[61,69713,147],{"class":75},[61,69715,214],{"class":143},[61,69717,1761],{"class":75},[61,69719,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,69721,160],{"class":159},[61,69723,147],{"class":75},[61,69725,11442],{"class":159},[61,69727,147],{"class":75},[61,69729,329],{"class":143},[61,69731,1761],{"class":75},[61,69733,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,69735,160],{"class":159},[61,69737,147],{"class":75},[61,69739,11442],{"class":159},[61,69741,147],{"class":75},[61,69743,214],{"class":143},[61,69745,442],{"class":75},[61,69747,38673],{"class":71},[61,69749,38663],{"class":159},[61,69751,147],{"class":75},[61,69753,329],{"class":143},[61,69755,1761],{"class":75},[20,69757,1598],{},[52,69759,69761],{"className":54,"code":69760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69762,69763,69767,69771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69764,69765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69766,46897],{"class":79},[61,69768,69769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69770,17336],{"class":79},[61,69772,69773],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,69774,4262],{"class":4133},[20,69776,69777],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[52,69779,69781],{"className":54,"code":69780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69782,69783,69815,69819,69841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69784,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69786,5274],{"class":67},[61,69788,72],{"class":71},[61,69790,926],{"class":75},[61,69792,504],{"class":503},[61,69794,13161],{"class":507},[61,69796,504],{"class":503},[61,69798,83],{"class":75},[61,69800,515],{"class":503},[61,69802,36217],{"class":507},[61,69804,504],{"class":503},[61,69806,83],{"class":75},[61,69808,515],{"class":503},[61,69810,36226],{"class":507},[61,69812,504],{"class":503},[61,69814,943],{"class":75},[61,69816,69817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69818,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,69820,69821,69823,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,69822,6238],{"class":4158},[61,69824,69825],{"class":67}," i ",[61,69827,4165],{"class":4158},[61,69829,54353],{"class":159},[61,69831,147],{"class":75},[61,69833,11442],{"class":159},[61,69835,147],{"class":75},[61,69837,5318],{"class":143},[61,69839,69840],{"class":75},")):\n",[61,69842,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69854,69856,69858],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,69844,8352],{"class":159},[61,69846,147],{"class":75},[61,69848,36430],{"class":143},[61,69850,83],{"class":75},[61,69852,69853],{"class":143}," names",[61,69855,4182],{"class":75},[61,69857,36430],{"class":143},[61,69859,1887],{"class":75},[20,69861,1598],{},[52,69863,69864],{"className":54,"code":36275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69865,69866,69872,69878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69867,69868,69870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69869,2405],{"class":79},[61,69871,36284],{"class":67},[61,69873,69874,69876],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69875,80],{"class":79},[61,69877,36291],{"class":67},[61,69879,69880,69882],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,69881,301],{"class":79},[61,69883,36298],{"class":67},[20,69885,69886,69887,140],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[214,69888,69890],{"href":69889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69892,69893,69894,69896],{},"You can also read ",[214,69895,51829],{"href":51828}," for a task-focused guide.",[47,69898,2109],{"id":2108},[887,69900,69902],{"id":69901},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69904,1503,69905,69908],{},[15,69906,69907],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[887,69910,5422,69912,12996],{"id":69911},"what-does-len-return",[15,69913,69914],{},"len([])",[20,69916,5428,69917,69919],{},[15,69918,2405],{}," because the list is empty.",[887,69921,69923],{"id":69922},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69925,69926],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[887,69928,2133,69930,69932],{"id":69929},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69931,69108],{}," in Python?",[20,69934,30546,69935,8506,69937,69939],{},[15,69936,68554],{},[15,69938,42639],{}," is a built-in function.",[47,69941,2172],{"id":2171},[29,69943,69944,69950,69954,69958,69962],{},[32,69945,69946],{},[214,69947,13,69948,3790],{"href":42636},[15,69949,42639],{},[32,69951,69952],{},[214,69953,52873],{"href":51828},[32,69955,69956],{},[214,69957,53054],{"href":51261},[32,69959,69960],{},[214,69961,69536],{"href":69535},[32,69963,69964],{},[214,69965,69966],{"href":69889},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2204,69968,69969],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":69971},[69972,69973,69975,69976,69977,69978,69986,69988,69996],{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":68546,"depth":97,"text":69974},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":68815,"depth":97,"text":68816},{"id":68956,"depth":97,"text":68957},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":69979},[69980,69982,69983,69984],{"id":69105,"depth":122,"text":69981},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25962,"depth":122,"text":25963},{"id":69285,"depth":122,"text":69286},{"id":69539,"depth":122,"text":69985},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69631,"depth":97,"text":69987},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":69989},[69990,69991,69993,69994],{"id":69901,"depth":122,"text":69902},{"id":69911,"depth":122,"text":69992},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69922,"depth":122,"text":69923},{"id":69929,"depth":122,"text":69995},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68441,"description":69997},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70003,"title":70004,"body":70005,"description":71986,"extension":2249,"meta":71987,"navigation":125,"path":71988,"seo":71989,"stem":71990,"__hash__":71991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70006,"toc":71959},[70007,70010,70015,70018,70026,70039,70041,70106,70108,70130,70135,70139,70144,70152,70154,70164,70166,70247,70249,70279,70281,70300,70305,70322,70324,70407,70409,70439,70444,70448,70454,70538,70540,70570,70573,70577,70580,70671,70673,70711,70714,70799,70801,70831,70837,70844,70848,70853,70862,70864,70949,70951,70980,70983,70991,70995,70999,71008,71031,71033,71055,71057,71071,71073,71133,71137,71142,71181,71183,71200,71202,71212,71311,71316,71320,71325,71368,71370,71398,71400,71414,71489,71491,71513,71517,71520,71525,71536,71541,71549,71552,71623,71625,71650,71707,71709,71730,71739,71747,71752,71754,71759,71780,71783,71858,71861,71875,71882,71884,71888,71894,71898,71908,71912,71919,71923,71929,71931,71956],[10,70008,70004],{"id":70009},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70011,70012,70014],{},[15,70013,55365],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70016,70017],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[29,70019,70020,70023],{},[32,70021,70022],{},"delete an item from a list",[32,70024,70025],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70027,70028,70029,70031,70032,2020,70034,70038],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70030,13043],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70033,13043],{},[214,70035,70036],{"href":55355},[15,70037,55812],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[47,70040,50],{"id":49},[52,70042,70044],{"className":54,"code":70043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70045,70046,70066,70081,70085,70096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70047,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70049,900],{"class":67},[61,70051,72],{"class":71},[61,70053,926],{"class":75},[61,70055,2613],{"class":79},[61,70057,83],{"class":75},[61,70059,8072],{"class":79},[61,70061,83],{"class":75},[61,70063,8077],{"class":79},[61,70065,943],{"class":75},[61,70067,70068,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70069,70070],{"class":67},"last_item ",[61,70072,72],{"class":71},[61,70074,956],{"class":67},[61,70076,140],{"class":75},[61,70078,26517],{"class":143},[61,70080,8926],{"class":75},[61,70082,70083],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70084,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70086,70087,70089,70091,70094],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70088,160],{"class":159},[61,70090,147],{"class":75},[61,70092,70093],{"class":143},"last_item",[61,70095,153],{"class":75},[61,70097,70098,70100,70102,70104],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70099,160],{"class":159},[61,70101,147],{"class":75},[61,70103,3929],{"class":143},[61,70105,153],{"class":75},[20,70107,1598],{},[52,70109,70111],{"className":54,"code":70110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70112,70113,70118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70114,70115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70116,70117],{"class":79},"30\n",[61,70119,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70121,4182],{"class":75},[61,70123,2613],{"class":79},[61,70125,83],{"class":75},[61,70127,8072],{"class":79},[61,70129,943],{"class":75},[20,70131,1503,70132,70134],{},[15,70133,13043],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[47,70136,70138],{"id":70137},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70140,70141,70143],{},[15,70142,13043],{}," has two main jobs:",[29,70145,70146,70149],{},[32,70147,70148],{},"It removes one item from a list",[32,70150,70151],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70153,43929],{},[29,70155,70156,70159,70162],{},[32,70157,70158],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[32,70160,70161],{},"It changes the original list",[32,70163,53028],{},[20,70165,368],{},[52,70167,70169],{"className":54,"code":70168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70170,70171,70203,70207,70222,70226,70237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70172,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70174,13356],{"class":67},[61,70176,72],{"class":71},[61,70178,926],{"class":75},[61,70180,504],{"class":503},[61,70182,13373],{"class":507},[61,70184,504],{"class":503},[61,70186,83],{"class":75},[61,70188,515],{"class":503},[61,70190,17735],{"class":507},[61,70192,504],{"class":503},[61,70194,83],{"class":75},[61,70196,515],{"class":503},[61,70198,13390],{"class":507},[61,70200,504],{"class":503},[61,70202,943],{"class":75},[61,70204,70205],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70206,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70208,70209,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70210,70211],{"class":67},"removed ",[61,70213,72],{"class":71},[61,70215,13404],{"class":67},[61,70217,140],{"class":75},[61,70219,26517],{"class":143},[61,70221,8926],{"class":75},[61,70223,70224],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70225,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70227,70228,70230,70232,70235],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70229,160],{"class":159},[61,70231,147],{"class":75},[61,70233,70234],{"class":143},"removed",[61,70236,153],{"class":75},[61,70238,70239,70241,70243,70245],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70240,160],{"class":159},[61,70242,147],{"class":75},[61,70244,17782],{"class":143},[61,70246,153],{"class":75},[20,70248,1598],{},[52,70250,70252],{"className":54,"code":70251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70253,70254,70259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70255,70256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70257,70258],{"class":67},"blue\n",[61,70260,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70262,4182],{"class":75},[61,70264,630],{"class":503},[61,70266,13373],{"class":507},[61,70268,630],{"class":503},[61,70270,83],{"class":75},[61,70272,639],{"class":503},[61,70274,17735],{"class":507},[61,70276,630],{"class":503},[61,70278,943],{"class":75},[47,70280,221],{"id":220},[52,70282,70284],{"className":54,"code":70283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70285,70286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70287,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70289,8377],{"class":2071},[61,70291,140],{"class":75},[61,70293,26517],{"class":143},[61,70295,1878],{"class":75},[61,70297,36122],{"class":143},[61,70299,1887],{"class":75},[20,70301,2266,70302,70304],{},[15,70303,36122],{}," is optional.",[29,70306,70307,70313,70319],{},[32,70308,70309,70310,70312],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70311,13043],{}," removes the last item",[32,70314,70315,70316,70318],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70317,13043],{}," removes the item at that position",[32,70320,70321],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70323,368],{},[52,70325,70327],{"className":54,"code":70326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70328,70329,70361,70365,70383,70387,70397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70330,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70332,1028],{"class":67},[61,70334,72],{"class":71},[61,70336,926],{"class":75},[61,70338,504],{"class":503},[61,70340,214],{"class":507},[61,70342,504],{"class":503},[61,70344,83],{"class":75},[61,70346,515],{"class":503},[61,70348,329],{"class":507},[61,70350,504],{"class":503},[61,70352,83],{"class":75},[61,70354,515],{"class":503},[61,70356,1071],{"class":507},[61,70358,504],{"class":503},[61,70360,943],{"class":75},[61,70362,70363],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70364,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70366,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70368,28814],{"class":67},[61,70370,72],{"class":71},[61,70372,1097],{"class":67},[61,70374,140],{"class":75},[61,70376,26517],{"class":143},[61,70378,147],{"class":75},[61,70380,80],{"class":79},[61,70382,153],{"class":75},[61,70384,70385],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70386,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70388,70389,70391,70393,70395],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70390,160],{"class":159},[61,70392,147],{"class":75},[61,70394,23586],{"class":143},[61,70396,153],{"class":75},[61,70398,70399,70401,70403,70405],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70400,160],{"class":159},[61,70402,147],{"class":75},[61,70404,36419],{"class":143},[61,70406,153],{"class":75},[20,70408,1598],{},[52,70410,70412],{"className":54,"code":70411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70413,70414,70419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70415,70416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70417,70418],{"class":67},"b\n",[61,70420,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70422,4182],{"class":75},[61,70424,630],{"class":503},[61,70426,214],{"class":507},[61,70428,630],{"class":503},[61,70430,83],{"class":75},[61,70432,639],{"class":503},[61,70434,1071],{"class":507},[61,70436,630],{"class":503},[61,70438,943],{"class":75},[20,70440,70441,70442,140],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[214,70443,53054],{"href":51261},[47,70445,70447],{"id":70446},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70449,70450,70451,70453],{},"When you call ",[15,70452,13043],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[52,70455,70457],{"className":54,"code":70456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70458,70459,70494,70498,70513,70517,70528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70460,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70472,70474,70476,70478,70481,70483,70485,70487,70490,70492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70462,30174],{"class":67},[61,70464,72],{"class":71},[61,70466,926],{"class":75},[61,70468,504],{"class":503},[61,70470,70471],{"class":507},"write",[61,70473,504],{"class":503},[61,70475,83],{"class":75},[61,70477,515],{"class":503},[61,70479,70480],{"class":507},"test",[61,70482,504],{"class":503},[61,70484,83],{"class":75},[61,70486,515],{"class":503},[61,70488,70489],{"class":507},"submit",[61,70491,504],{"class":503},[61,70493,943],{"class":75},[61,70495,70496],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70497,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70499,70500,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70501,70502],{"class":67},"last_task ",[61,70504,72],{"class":71},[61,70506,30252],{"class":67},[61,70508,140],{"class":75},[61,70510,26517],{"class":143},[61,70512,8926],{"class":75},[61,70514,70515],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70516,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70518,70519,70521,70523,70526],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70520,160],{"class":159},[61,70522,147],{"class":75},[61,70524,70525],{"class":143},"last_task",[61,70527,153],{"class":75},[61,70529,70530,70532,70534,70536],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70531,160],{"class":159},[61,70533,147],{"class":75},[61,70535,36782],{"class":143},[61,70537,153],{"class":75},[20,70539,1598],{},[52,70541,70543],{"className":54,"code":70542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70544,70545,70550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70546,70547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70548,70549],{"class":67},"submit\n",[61,70551,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70553,4182],{"class":75},[61,70555,630],{"class":503},[61,70557,70471],{"class":507},[61,70559,630],{"class":503},[61,70561,83],{"class":75},[61,70563,639],{"class":503},[61,70565,70480],{"class":507},[61,70567,630],{"class":503},[61,70569,943],{"class":75},[20,70571,70572],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[47,70574,70576],{"id":70575},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70578,70579],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[52,70581,70583],{"className":54,"code":70582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70584,70585,70625,70629,70647,70651,70661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70586,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70588,36515],{"class":67},[61,70590,72],{"class":71},[61,70592,926],{"class":75},[61,70594,504],{"class":503},[61,70596,508],{"class":507},[61,70598,504],{"class":503},[61,70600,83],{"class":75},[61,70602,515],{"class":503},[61,70604,518],{"class":507},[61,70606,504],{"class":503},[61,70608,83],{"class":75},[61,70610,515],{"class":503},[61,70612,4377],{"class":507},[61,70614,504],{"class":503},[61,70616,83],{"class":75},[61,70618,515],{"class":503},[61,70620,527],{"class":507},[61,70622,504],{"class":503},[61,70624,943],{"class":75},[61,70626,70627],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70628,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70630,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70632,70211],{"class":67},[61,70634,72],{"class":71},[61,70636,53134],{"class":67},[61,70638,140],{"class":75},[61,70640,26517],{"class":143},[61,70642,147],{"class":75},[61,70644,80],{"class":79},[61,70646,153],{"class":75},[61,70648,70649],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70650,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70652,70653,70655,70657,70659],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70654,160],{"class":159},[61,70656,147],{"class":75},[61,70658,70234],{"class":143},[61,70660,153],{"class":75},[61,70662,70663,70665,70667,70669],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70664,160],{"class":159},[61,70666,147],{"class":75},[61,70668,36567],{"class":143},[61,70670,153],{"class":75},[20,70672,1598],{},[52,70674,70676],{"className":54,"code":70675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70677,70678,70683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70679,70680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70681,70682],{"class":67},"banana\n",[61,70684,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70686,4182],{"class":75},[61,70688,630],{"class":503},[61,70690,508],{"class":507},[61,70692,630],{"class":503},[61,70694,83],{"class":75},[61,70696,639],{"class":503},[61,70698,4377],{"class":507},[61,70700,630],{"class":503},[61,70702,83],{"class":75},[61,70704,639],{"class":503},[61,70706,527],{"class":507},[61,70708,630],{"class":503},[61,70710,943],{"class":75},[20,70712,70713],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[52,70715,70717],{"className":54,"code":70716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70718,70719,70751,70755,70775,70779,70789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70720,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70722,36515],{"class":67},[61,70724,72],{"class":71},[61,70726,926],{"class":75},[61,70728,504],{"class":503},[61,70730,508],{"class":507},[61,70732,504],{"class":503},[61,70734,83],{"class":75},[61,70736,515],{"class":503},[61,70738,518],{"class":507},[61,70740,504],{"class":503},[61,70742,83],{"class":75},[61,70744,515],{"class":503},[61,70746,4377],{"class":507},[61,70748,504],{"class":503},[61,70750,943],{"class":75},[61,70752,70753],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70754,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70756,70757,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70758,70211],{"class":67},[61,70760,72],{"class":71},[61,70762,53134],{"class":67},[61,70764,140],{"class":75},[61,70766,26517],{"class":143},[61,70768,147],{"class":75},[61,70770,2308],{"class":71},[61,70772,80],{"class":79},[61,70774,153],{"class":75},[61,70776,70777],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70778,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70780,70781,70783,70785,70787],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70782,160],{"class":159},[61,70784,147],{"class":75},[61,70786,70234],{"class":143},[61,70788,153],{"class":75},[61,70790,70791,70793,70795,70797],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70792,160],{"class":159},[61,70794,147],{"class":75},[61,70796,36567],{"class":143},[61,70798,153],{"class":75},[20,70800,1598],{},[52,70802,70804],{"className":54,"code":70803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70805,70806,70811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70807,70808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70809,70810],{"class":67},"cherry\n",[61,70812,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70814,4182],{"class":75},[61,70816,630],{"class":503},[61,70818,508],{"class":507},[61,70820,630],{"class":503},[61,70822,83],{"class":75},[61,70824,639],{"class":503},[61,70826,518],{"class":507},[61,70828,630],{"class":503},[61,70830,943],{"class":75},[20,70832,70833,70834,70836],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70835,66132],{}," means the last item.",[20,70838,70839,70840,140],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[214,70841,70842,1516],{"href":59247},[15,70843,65145],{},[47,70845,70847],{"id":70846},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70849,70850,70852],{},[15,70851,13043],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70854,70855,70856,700,70858,140],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70857,13043],{},[214,70859,70860],{"href":55355},[15,70861,55812],{},[20,70863,368],{},[52,70865,70867],{"className":54,"code":70866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70868,70869,70901,70905,70924,70928,70939],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70870,70871,70873,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70872,5274],{"class":67},[61,70874,72],{"class":71},[61,70876,926],{"class":75},[61,70878,504],{"class":503},[61,70880,13161],{"class":507},[61,70882,504],{"class":503},[61,70884,83],{"class":75},[61,70886,515],{"class":503},[61,70888,36217],{"class":507},[61,70890,504],{"class":503},[61,70892,83],{"class":75},[61,70894,515],{"class":503},[61,70896,36226],{"class":507},[61,70898,504],{"class":503},[61,70900,943],{"class":75},[61,70902,70903],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70904,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70906,70907,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,70908,70909],{"class":67},"removed_name ",[61,70911,72],{"class":71},[61,70913,69853],{"class":67},[61,70915,140],{"class":75},[61,70917,26517],{"class":143},[61,70919,147],{"class":75},[61,70921,2405],{"class":79},[61,70923,153],{"class":75},[61,70925,70926],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,70927,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,70929,70930,70932,70934,70937],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,70931,160],{"class":159},[61,70933,147],{"class":75},[61,70935,70936],{"class":143},"removed_name",[61,70938,153],{"class":75},[61,70940,70941,70943,70945,70947],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,70942,160],{"class":159},[61,70944,147],{"class":75},[61,70946,5318],{"class":143},[61,70948,153],{"class":75},[20,70950,1598],{},[52,70952,70954],{"className":54,"code":70953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70955,70956,70960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70957,70958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70959,50321],{"class":67},[61,70961,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70963,4182],{"class":75},[61,70965,630],{"class":503},[61,70967,36217],{"class":507},[61,70969,630],{"class":503},[61,70971,83],{"class":75},[61,70973,639],{"class":503},[61,70975,36226],{"class":507},[61,70977,630],{"class":503},[61,70979,943],{"class":75},[20,70981,70982],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70984,70985,70986,70988,70989,140],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70987,55812],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70990,4058],{},[47,70992,70994],{"id":70993},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[887,70996,70998],{"id":70997},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71000,71001,71002,71004,71005,140],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71003,13043],{}," raises an ",[15,71006,71007],{},"IndexError",[52,71009,71011],{"className":54,"code":71010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71012,71013,71021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71014,71015,71017,71019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71016,8061],{"class":67},[61,71018,72],{"class":71},[61,71020,8121],{"class":75},[61,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71024,8092],{"class":67},[61,71026,140],{"class":75},[61,71028,26517],{"class":143},[61,71030,8926],{"class":75},[20,71032,1598],{},[52,71034,71036],{"className":54,"code":71035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71037,71038],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71039,71040,71042,71044,71047,71050,71053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71041,71007],{"class":2071},[61,71043,192],{"class":75},[61,71045,71046],{"class":67}," pop ",[61,71048,71049],{"class":4158},"from",[61,71051,71052],{"class":67}," empty ",[61,71054,50167],{"class":2071},[20,71056,39539],{},[29,71058,71059,71064],{},[32,71060,71061,71062],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71063,13043],{},[32,71065,71066,71067,700,71069],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71068,30080],{},[15,71070,30111],{},[20,71072,368],{},[52,71074,71076],{"className":54,"code":71075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71077,71078,71086,71090,71098,71112,71118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71079,71080,71082,71084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71081,8061],{"class":67},[61,71083,72],{"class":71},[61,71085,8121],{"class":75},[61,71087,71088],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71089,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,71091,71092,71094,71096],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71093,7277],{"class":4158},[61,71095,6246],{"class":67},[61,71097,6673],{"class":75},[61,71099,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71101,8352],{"class":159},[61,71103,147],{"class":75},[61,71105,8092],{"class":143},[61,71107,140],{"class":75},[61,71109,26517],{"class":143},[61,71111,7474],{"class":75},[61,71113,71114,71116],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,71115,27710],{"class":4158},[61,71117,6673],{"class":75},[61,71119,71120,71122,71124,71126,71129,71131],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,71121,8352],{"class":159},[61,71123,147],{"class":75},[61,71125,504],{"class":503},[61,71127,71128],{"class":507},"The list is empty.",[61,71130,504],{"class":503},[61,71132,153],{"class":75},[887,71134,71136],{"id":71135},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71138,71139,71140,140],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71141,71007],{},[52,71143,71145],{"className":54,"code":71144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71146,71147,71167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71148,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71150,900],{"class":67},[61,71152,72],{"class":71},[61,71154,926],{"class":75},[61,71156,2613],{"class":79},[61,71158,83],{"class":75},[61,71160,8072],{"class":79},[61,71162,83],{"class":75},[61,71164,8077],{"class":79},[61,71166,943],{"class":75},[61,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71170,3929],{"class":67},[61,71172,140],{"class":75},[61,71174,26517],{"class":143},[61,71176,147],{"class":75},[61,71178,1013],{"class":79},[61,71180,153],{"class":75},[20,71182,1598],{},[52,71184,71186],{"className":54,"code":71185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71187,71188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71189,71190,71192,71194,71197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71191,71007],{"class":2071},[61,71193,192],{"class":75},[61,71195,71196],{"class":67}," pop index out of ",[61,71198,71199],{"class":159},"range\n",[20,71201,39539],{},[29,71203,71204,71209],{},[32,71205,71206,71207],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71208,42639],{},[32,71210,71211],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[52,71213,71215],{"className":54,"code":71214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71216,71217,71237,71246,71250,71272,71290,71296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71220,900],{"class":67},[61,71222,72],{"class":71},[61,71224,926],{"class":75},[61,71226,2613],{"class":79},[61,71228,83],{"class":75},[61,71230,8072],{"class":79},[61,71232,83],{"class":75},[61,71234,8077],{"class":79},[61,71236,943],{"class":75},[61,71238,71239,71242,71244],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71240,71241],{"class":67},"index ",[61,71243,72],{"class":71},[61,71245,45869],{"class":79},[61,71247,71248],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71249,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,71251,71252,71254,71256,71259,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71253,7277],{"class":4158},[61,71255,4114],{"class":79},[61,71257,71258],{"class":71}," \u003C=",[61,71260,71261],{"class":67}," index ",[61,71263,3571],{"class":71},[61,71265,38663],{"class":159},[61,71267,147],{"class":75},[61,71269,3929],{"class":143},[61,71271,8626],{"class":75},[61,71273,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,71275,8352],{"class":159},[61,71277,147],{"class":75},[61,71279,3929],{"class":143},[61,71281,140],{"class":75},[61,71283,26517],{"class":143},[61,71285,147],{"class":75},[61,71287,36122],{"class":143},[61,71289,1761],{"class":75},[61,71291,71292,71294],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,71293,27710],{"class":4158},[61,71295,6673],{"class":75},[61,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304,71307,71309],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,71299,8352],{"class":159},[61,71301,147],{"class":75},[61,71303,504],{"class":503},[61,71305,71306],{"class":507},"Index is out of range.",[61,71308,504],{"class":503},[61,71310,153],{"class":75},[20,71312,71313,71314,140],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[214,71315,69536],{"href":69535},[887,71317,71319],{"id":71318},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71321,71322,71324],{},[15,71323,13043],{}," expects an integer index.",[52,71326,71328],{"className":54,"code":71327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71329,71330,71350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71331,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71333,900],{"class":67},[61,71335,72],{"class":71},[61,71337,926],{"class":75},[61,71339,2613],{"class":79},[61,71341,83],{"class":75},[61,71343,8072],{"class":79},[61,71345,83],{"class":75},[61,71347,8077],{"class":79},[61,71349,943],{"class":75},[61,71351,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71353,3929],{"class":67},[61,71355,140],{"class":75},[61,71357,26517],{"class":143},[61,71359,147],{"class":75},[61,71361,504],{"class":503},[61,71363,80],{"class":507},[61,71365,504],{"class":503},[61,71367,153],{"class":75},[20,71369,1598],{},[52,71371,71373],{"className":54,"code":71372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71374,71375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71376,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389,71392,71395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71378,3285],{"class":2071},[61,71380,192],{"class":75},[61,71382,639],{"class":503},[61,71384,3724],{"class":507},[61,71386,630],{"class":503},[61,71388,24893],{"class":2071},[61,71390,71391],{"class":67}," cannot be interpreted ",[61,71393,71394],{"class":4158},"as",[61,71396,71397],{"class":67}," an integer\n",[20,71399,39539],{},[29,71401,71402,71411],{},[32,71403,71404,71405,1830,71407,2477,71409],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71406,2405],{},[15,71408,80],{},[15,71410,66132],{},[32,71412,71413],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[52,71415,71417],{"className":54,"code":71416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71418,71419,71439,71457,71461,71479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71422,900],{"class":67},[61,71424,72],{"class":71},[61,71426,926],{"class":75},[61,71428,2613],{"class":79},[61,71430,83],{"class":75},[61,71432,8072],{"class":79},[61,71434,83],{"class":75},[61,71436,8077],{"class":79},[61,71438,943],{"class":75},[61,71440,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71442,71241],{"class":67},[61,71444,72],{"class":71},[61,71446,45556],{"class":2071},[61,71448,147],{"class":75},[61,71450,504],{"class":503},[61,71452,80],{"class":507},[61,71454,504],{"class":503},[61,71456,153],{"class":75},[61,71458,71459],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71460,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,71462,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71464,160],{"class":159},[61,71466,147],{"class":75},[61,71468,3929],{"class":143},[61,71470,140],{"class":75},[61,71472,26517],{"class":143},[61,71474,147],{"class":75},[61,71476,36122],{"class":143},[61,71478,1761],{"class":75},[61,71480,71481,71483,71485,71487],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,71482,160],{"class":159},[61,71484,147],{"class":75},[61,71486,3929],{"class":143},[61,71488,153],{"class":75},[20,71490,1598],{},[52,71492,71494],{"className":54,"code":71493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71495,71496,71501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71497,71498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71499,71500],{"class":79},"20\n",[61,71502,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71504,4182],{"class":75},[61,71506,2613],{"class":79},[61,71508,83],{"class":75},[61,71510,8077],{"class":79},[61,71512,943],{"class":75},[47,71514,71516],{"id":71515},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71518,71519],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[887,71521,1503,71523,10881],{"id":71522},"use-pop-when",[15,71524,13043],{},[29,71526,71527,71530,71533],{},[32,71528,71529],{},"you want to remove by index",[32,71531,71532],{},"you want the removed item returned",[32,71534,71535],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[887,71537,1503,71539,10881],{"id":71538},"use-remove-when",[15,71540,55812],{},[29,71542,71543,71546],{},[32,71544,71545],{},"you want to remove by value",[32,71547,71548],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71550,71551],{},"Compare these examples:",[52,71553,71555],{"className":54,"code":71554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71556,71557,71581,71585,71603,71613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71558,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71560,900],{"class":67},[61,71562,72],{"class":71},[61,71564,926],{"class":75},[61,71566,2613],{"class":79},[61,71568,83],{"class":75},[61,71570,8072],{"class":79},[61,71572,83],{"class":75},[61,71574,8077],{"class":79},[61,71576,83],{"class":75},[61,71578,8072],{"class":79},[61,71580,943],{"class":75},[61,71582,71583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71584,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,71586,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71588,70211],{"class":67},[61,71590,72],{"class":71},[61,71592,956],{"class":67},[61,71594,140],{"class":75},[61,71596,26517],{"class":143},[61,71598,147],{"class":75},[61,71600,80],{"class":79},[61,71602,153],{"class":75},[61,71604,71605,71607,71609,71611],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71606,160],{"class":159},[61,71608,147],{"class":75},[61,71610,70234],{"class":143},[61,71612,153],{"class":75},[61,71614,71615,71617,71619,71621],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,71616,160],{"class":159},[61,71618,147],{"class":75},[61,71620,3929],{"class":143},[61,71622,153],{"class":75},[20,71624,1598],{},[52,71626,71628],{"className":54,"code":71627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71629,71630,71634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71631,71632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71633,71500],{"class":79},[61,71635,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71637,4182],{"class":75},[61,71639,2613],{"class":79},[61,71641,83],{"class":75},[61,71643,8077],{"class":79},[61,71645,83],{"class":75},[61,71647,8072],{"class":79},[61,71649,943],{"class":75},[52,71651,71653],{"className":54,"code":71652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71654,71655,71679,71683,71697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71658,900],{"class":67},[61,71660,72],{"class":71},[61,71662,926],{"class":75},[61,71664,2613],{"class":79},[61,71666,83],{"class":75},[61,71668,8072],{"class":79},[61,71670,83],{"class":75},[61,71672,8077],{"class":79},[61,71674,83],{"class":75},[61,71676,8072],{"class":79},[61,71678,943],{"class":75},[61,71680,71681],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71682,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,71684,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71686,3929],{"class":67},[61,71688,140],{"class":75},[61,71690,35069],{"class":143},[61,71692,147],{"class":75},[61,71694,16033],{"class":79},[61,71696,153],{"class":75},[61,71698,71699,71701,71703,71705],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71700,160],{"class":159},[61,71702,147],{"class":75},[61,71704,3929],{"class":143},[61,71706,153],{"class":75},[20,71708,1598],{},[52,71710,71712],{"className":54,"code":71711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71713,71714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71715,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71717,4182],{"class":75},[61,71719,2613],{"class":79},[61,71721,83],{"class":75},[61,71723,8077],{"class":79},[61,71725,83],{"class":75},[61,71727,8072],{"class":79},[61,71729,943],{"class":75},[20,71731,71732,71733,71736,71737,140],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71734,71735],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71738,80],{},[20,71740,56888,71741,71744,71745,140],{},[15,71742,71743],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71746,16033],{},[20,71748,71749,71750,140],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[214,71751,55351],{"href":55350},[47,71753,3111],{"id":3110},[20,71755,71756,71757,192],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71758,13043],{},[29,71760,71761,71764,71767,71773,71777],{},[32,71762,71763],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[32,71765,71766],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[32,71768,37480,71769,2020,71771],{},[15,71770,13043],{},[15,71772,55812],{},[32,71774,1524,71775,62253],{},[15,71776,13043],{},[32,71778,71779],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71781,71782],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[52,71784,71786],{"className":54,"code":71785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71787,71788,71798,71812,71826,71844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71789,71790,71792,71794,71796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71791,160],{"class":159},[61,71793,147],{"class":75},[61,71795,8623],{"class":143},[61,71797,153],{"class":75},[61,71799,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71801,160],{"class":159},[61,71803,147],{"class":75},[61,71805,11442],{"class":159},[61,71807,147],{"class":75},[61,71809,8623],{"class":143},[61,71811,1761],{"class":75},[61,71813,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,71815,160],{"class":159},[61,71817,147],{"class":75},[61,71819,8623],{"class":143},[61,71821,140],{"class":75},[61,71823,26517],{"class":143},[61,71825,7474],{"class":75},[61,71827,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,71829,160],{"class":159},[61,71831,147],{"class":75},[61,71833,8623],{"class":143},[61,71835,140],{"class":75},[61,71837,26517],{"class":143},[61,71839,147],{"class":75},[61,71841,2405],{"class":79},[61,71843,1761],{"class":75},[61,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,71847,160],{"class":159},[61,71849,147],{"class":75},[61,71851,2072],{"class":2071},[61,71853,147],{"class":75},[61,71855,36122],{"class":143},[61,71857,1761],{"class":75},[20,71859,71860],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[29,71862,71863,71869],{},[32,71864,71865,71868],{},[15,71866,71867],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[32,71870,71871,71874],{},[15,71872,71873],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71876,71877,71878,71881],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71879,71880],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[47,71883,2109],{"id":2108},[887,71885,71887],{"id":71886},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71889,71890,71891,71893],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71892,13043],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[887,71895,71897],{"id":71896},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71899,71900,71902,71903,71905,71906,140],{},[15,71901,13043],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71904,55812],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71907,4058],{},[887,71909,71911],{"id":71910},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71913,71914,71915,71918],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71916,71917],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[887,71920,71922],{"id":71921},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71924,71925,71926,71928],{},"Python raises ",[15,71927,71007],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[47,71930,2172],{"id":2171},[29,71932,71933,71937,71942,71947,71952],{},[32,71934,71935],{},[214,71936,55798],{"href":55350},[32,71938,71939],{},[214,71940,71941],{"href":55355},"Python list remove() method",[32,71943,71944],{},[214,71945,71946],{"href":59247},"Python list index() method",[32,71948,71949],{},[214,71950,71951],{"href":51261},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[32,71953,71954],{},[214,71955,69536],{"href":69535},[2204,71957,71958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":71960},[71961,71962,71963,71964,71965,71966,71967,71972,71978,71979,71985],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":70137,"depth":97,"text":70138},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":70446,"depth":97,"text":70447},{"id":70575,"depth":97,"text":70576},{"id":70846,"depth":97,"text":70847},{"id":70993,"depth":97,"text":70994,"children":71968},[71969,71970,71971],{"id":70997,"depth":122,"text":70998},{"id":71135,"depth":122,"text":71136},{"id":71318,"depth":122,"text":71319},{"id":71515,"depth":97,"text":71516,"children":71973},[71974,71976],{"id":71522,"depth":122,"text":71975},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71538,"depth":122,"text":71977},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":71980},[71981,71982,71983,71984],{"id":71886,"depth":122,"text":71887},{"id":71896,"depth":122,"text":71897},{"id":71910,"depth":122,"text":71911},{"id":71921,"depth":122,"text":71922},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70004,"description":71986},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71993,"title":71994,"body":71995,"description":73781,"extension":2249,"meta":73782,"navigation":125,"path":73783,"seo":73784,"stem":73785,"__hash__":73786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71996,"toc":73763},[71997,72000,72005,72011,72013,72083,72089,72093,72098,72119,72122,72189,72191,72212,72220,72222,72241,72257,72259,72324,72326,72351,72353,72355,72420,72422,72447,72449,72463,72466,72519,72521,72542,72546,72554,72627,72629,72662,72668,72674,72765,72767,72792,72798,72887,72889,72913,72915,72919,72974,72976,73008,73011,73014,73108,73110,73143,73149,73155,73159,73166,73192,73196,73261,73263,73288,73292,73373,73375,73404,73409,73414,73420,73424,73431,73453,73457,73516,73518,73542,73551,73556,73558,73562,73591,73593,73668,73671,73685,73691,73693,73697,73700,73704,73709,73713,73722,73726,73734,73736,73760],[10,71998,71994],{"id":71999},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72001,2266,72002,72004],{},[15,72003,55358],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72006,72007,72008,72010],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[39,72009,2755],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[47,72012,50],{"id":49},[52,72014,72016],{"className":54,"code":72015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72017,72018,72050,72068,72078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72019,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72021,8061],{"class":67},[61,72023,72],{"class":71},[61,72025,926],{"class":75},[61,72027,504],{"class":503},[61,72029,508],{"class":507},[61,72031,504],{"class":503},[61,72033,83],{"class":75},[61,72035,515],{"class":503},[61,72037,518],{"class":507},[61,72039,504],{"class":503},[61,72041,83],{"class":75},[61,72043,515],{"class":503},[61,72045,527],{"class":507},[61,72047,504],{"class":503},[61,72049,943],{"class":75},[61,72051,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72053,8092],{"class":67},[61,72055,140],{"class":75},[61,72057,35069],{"class":143},[61,72059,147],{"class":75},[61,72061,504],{"class":503},[61,72063,518],{"class":507},[61,72065,504],{"class":503},[61,72067,153],{"class":75},[61,72069,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72071,160],{"class":159},[61,72073,147],{"class":75},[61,72075,8092],{"class":143},[61,72077,153],{"class":75},[61,72079,72080],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,72081,72082],{"class":173},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72084,1503,72085,72088],{},[15,72086,72087],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[47,72090,72092],{"id":72091},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72094,72095,72097],{},[15,72096,55812],{}," is a list method that:",[29,72099,72100,72106,72111,72116],{},[32,72101,72102,72103,72105],{},"Deletes the ",[39,72104,30185],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[32,72107,72108,72109],{},"Changes the original list ",[39,72110,11614],{},[32,72112,2113,72113,72115],{},[39,72114,4909],{}," return a new list",[32,72117,72118],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72120,72121],{},"This is important for beginners:",[52,72123,72125],{"className":54,"code":72124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72126,72127,72147,72165,72169,72179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72128,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72130,900],{"class":67},[61,72132,72],{"class":71},[61,72134,926],{"class":75},[61,72136,80],{"class":79},[61,72138,83],{"class":75},[61,72140,86],{"class":79},[61,72142,83],{"class":75},[61,72144,91],{"class":79},[61,72146,943],{"class":75},[61,72148,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72150,132],{"class":67},[61,72152,72],{"class":71},[61,72154,956],{"class":67},[61,72156,140],{"class":75},[61,72158,35069],{"class":143},[61,72160,147],{"class":75},[61,72162,301],{"class":79},[61,72164,153],{"class":75},[61,72166,72167],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72168,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,72172,160],{"class":159},[61,72174,147],{"class":75},[61,72176,3929],{"class":143},[61,72178,153],{"class":75},[61,72180,72181,72183,72185,72187],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,72182,160],{"class":159},[61,72184,147],{"class":75},[61,72186,165],{"class":143},[61,72188,153],{"class":75},[20,72190,1598],{},[52,72192,72194],{"className":54,"code":72193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72195,72196,72208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72197,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72199,4182],{"class":75},[61,72201,80],{"class":79},[61,72203,83],{"class":75},[61,72205,91],{"class":79},[61,72207,943],{"class":75},[61,72209,72210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72211,12088],{"class":4133},[20,72213,72214,72215,72217,72218,140],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72216,55812],{}," itself returned ",[15,72219,4058],{},[47,72221,5711],{"id":5710},[52,72223,72225],{"className":54,"code":72224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72226,72227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72228,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72230,8377],{"class":2071},[61,72232,140],{"class":75},[61,72234,35069],{"class":143},[61,72236,147],{"class":75},[61,72238,2755],{"class":143},[61,72240,153],{"class":75},[29,72242,72243,72248,72251],{},[32,72244,72245,72247],{},[15,72246,2755],{}," is the item you want to delete",[32,72249,72250],{},"Python searches from left to right",[32,72252,72253,72254,72256],{},"Only the ",[39,72255,30185],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72258,368],{},[52,72260,72262],{"className":54,"code":72261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72263,72264,72296,72314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72265,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72267,1028],{"class":67},[61,72269,72],{"class":71},[61,72271,926],{"class":75},[61,72273,504],{"class":503},[61,72275,214],{"class":507},[61,72277,504],{"class":503},[61,72279,83],{"class":75},[61,72281,515],{"class":503},[61,72283,329],{"class":507},[61,72285,504],{"class":503},[61,72287,83],{"class":75},[61,72289,515],{"class":503},[61,72291,1071],{"class":507},[61,72293,504],{"class":503},[61,72295,943],{"class":75},[61,72297,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72299,36419],{"class":67},[61,72301,140],{"class":75},[61,72303,35069],{"class":143},[61,72305,147],{"class":75},[61,72307,504],{"class":503},[61,72309,329],{"class":507},[61,72311,504],{"class":503},[61,72313,153],{"class":75},[61,72315,72316,72318,72320,72322],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72317,160],{"class":159},[61,72319,147],{"class":75},[61,72321,36419],{"class":143},[61,72323,153],{"class":75},[20,72325,1598],{},[52,72327,72329],{"className":54,"code":72328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72330,72331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72332,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72334,4182],{"class":75},[61,72336,630],{"class":503},[61,72338,214],{"class":507},[61,72340,630],{"class":503},[61,72342,83],{"class":75},[61,72344,639],{"class":503},[61,72346,1071],{"class":507},[61,72348,630],{"class":503},[61,72350,943],{"class":75},[47,72352,6067],{"id":6066},[20,72354,65454],{},[52,72356,72358],{"className":54,"code":72357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72359,72360,72392,72410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72361,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72363,13356],{"class":67},[61,72365,72],{"class":71},[61,72367,926],{"class":75},[61,72369,504],{"class":503},[61,72371,13373],{"class":507},[61,72373,504],{"class":503},[61,72375,83],{"class":75},[61,72377,515],{"class":503},[61,72379,13390],{"class":507},[61,72381,504],{"class":503},[61,72383,83],{"class":75},[61,72385,515],{"class":503},[61,72387,17735],{"class":507},[61,72389,504],{"class":503},[61,72391,943],{"class":75},[61,72393,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72395,17782],{"class":67},[61,72397,140],{"class":75},[61,72399,35069],{"class":143},[61,72401,147],{"class":75},[61,72403,504],{"class":503},[61,72405,13390],{"class":507},[61,72407,504],{"class":503},[61,72409,153],{"class":75},[61,72411,72412,72414,72416,72418],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72413,160],{"class":159},[61,72415,147],{"class":75},[61,72417,17782],{"class":143},[61,72419,153],{"class":75},[20,72421,1598],{},[52,72423,72425],{"className":54,"code":72424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72426,72427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72428,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72430,4182],{"class":75},[61,72432,630],{"class":503},[61,72434,13373],{"class":507},[61,72436,630],{"class":503},[61,72438,83],{"class":75},[61,72440,639],{"class":503},[61,72442,17735],{"class":507},[61,72444,630],{"class":503},[61,72446,943],{"class":75},[20,72448,11963],{},[29,72450,72451,72454,72460],{},[32,72452,72453],{},"A list is created with three values",[32,72455,72456,72459],{},[15,72457,72458],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[32,72461,72462],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72464,72465],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[52,72467,72469],{"className":54,"code":72468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72470,72471,72495,72509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72472,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72474,5343],{"class":67},[61,72476,72],{"class":71},[61,72478,926],{"class":75},[61,72480,2613],{"class":79},[61,72482,83],{"class":75},[61,72484,8072],{"class":79},[61,72486,83],{"class":75},[61,72488,8077],{"class":79},[61,72490,83],{"class":75},[61,72492,51125],{"class":79},[61,72494,943],{"class":75},[61,72496,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72498,16668],{"class":67},[61,72500,140],{"class":75},[61,72502,35069],{"class":143},[61,72504,147],{"class":75},[61,72506,37118],{"class":79},[61,72508,153],{"class":75},[61,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72512,160],{"class":159},[61,72514,147],{"class":75},[61,72516,16668],{"class":143},[61,72518,153],{"class":75},[20,72520,1598],{},[52,72522,72524],{"className":54,"code":72523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72525,72526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72527,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72529,4182],{"class":75},[61,72531,2613],{"class":79},[61,72533,83],{"class":75},[61,72535,8072],{"class":79},[61,72537,83],{"class":75},[61,72539,51125],{"class":79},[61,72541,943],{"class":75},[47,72543,72545],{"id":72544},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72547,65444,72548,72550,72551,72553],{},[15,72549,55812],{}," deletes only the ",[39,72552,30185],{}," one.",[52,72555,72557],{"className":54,"code":72556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72558,72559,72599,72617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72560,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72562,8061],{"class":67},[61,72564,72],{"class":71},[61,72566,926],{"class":75},[61,72568,504],{"class":503},[61,72570,508],{"class":507},[61,72572,504],{"class":503},[61,72574,83],{"class":75},[61,72576,515],{"class":503},[61,72578,518],{"class":507},[61,72580,504],{"class":503},[61,72582,83],{"class":75},[61,72584,515],{"class":503},[61,72586,508],{"class":507},[61,72588,504],{"class":503},[61,72590,83],{"class":75},[61,72592,515],{"class":503},[61,72594,527],{"class":507},[61,72596,504],{"class":503},[61,72598,943],{"class":75},[61,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72602,8092],{"class":67},[61,72604,140],{"class":75},[61,72606,35069],{"class":143},[61,72608,147],{"class":75},[61,72610,504],{"class":503},[61,72612,508],{"class":507},[61,72614,504],{"class":503},[61,72616,153],{"class":75},[61,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72620,160],{"class":159},[61,72622,147],{"class":75},[61,72624,8092],{"class":143},[61,72626,153],{"class":75},[20,72628,1598],{},[52,72630,72632],{"className":54,"code":72631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72633,72634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72635,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72637,4182],{"class":75},[61,72639,630],{"class":503},[61,72641,518],{"class":507},[61,72643,630],{"class":503},[61,72645,83],{"class":75},[61,72647,639],{"class":503},[61,72649,508],{"class":507},[61,72651,630],{"class":503},[61,72653,83],{"class":75},[61,72655,639],{"class":503},[61,72657,527],{"class":507},[61,72659,630],{"class":503},[61,72661,943],{"class":75},[20,72663,72664,72665,72667],{},"Only the first ",[15,72666,58116],{}," was removed.",[20,72669,72670,72671,72673],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72672,55812],{}," again:",[52,72675,72677],{"className":54,"code":72676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72678,72679,72719,72737,72755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72680,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72682,8061],{"class":67},[61,72684,72],{"class":71},[61,72686,926],{"class":75},[61,72688,504],{"class":503},[61,72690,508],{"class":507},[61,72692,504],{"class":503},[61,72694,83],{"class":75},[61,72696,515],{"class":503},[61,72698,518],{"class":507},[61,72700,504],{"class":503},[61,72702,83],{"class":75},[61,72704,515],{"class":503},[61,72706,508],{"class":507},[61,72708,504],{"class":503},[61,72710,83],{"class":75},[61,72712,515],{"class":503},[61,72714,527],{"class":507},[61,72716,504],{"class":503},[61,72718,943],{"class":75},[61,72720,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72722,8092],{"class":67},[61,72724,140],{"class":75},[61,72726,35069],{"class":143},[61,72728,147],{"class":75},[61,72730,504],{"class":503},[61,72732,508],{"class":507},[61,72734,504],{"class":503},[61,72736,153],{"class":75},[61,72738,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72740,8092],{"class":67},[61,72742,140],{"class":75},[61,72744,35069],{"class":143},[61,72746,147],{"class":75},[61,72748,504],{"class":503},[61,72750,508],{"class":507},[61,72752,504],{"class":503},[61,72754,153],{"class":75},[61,72756,72757,72759,72761,72763],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,72758,160],{"class":159},[61,72760,147],{"class":75},[61,72762,8092],{"class":143},[61,72764,153],{"class":75},[20,72766,1598],{},[52,72768,72770],{"className":54,"code":72769,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72771,72772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72773,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72775,4182],{"class":75},[61,72777,630],{"class":503},[61,72779,518],{"class":507},[61,72781,630],{"class":503},[61,72783,83],{"class":75},[61,72785,639],{"class":503},[61,72787,527],{"class":507},[61,72789,630],{"class":503},[61,72791,943],{"class":75},[20,72793,72794,72795,72797],{},"If you need to remove ",[39,72796,3995],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[52,72799,72801],{"className":54,"code":72800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72802,72803,72843,72877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72804,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72806,8061],{"class":67},[61,72808,72],{"class":71},[61,72810,926],{"class":75},[61,72812,504],{"class":503},[61,72814,508],{"class":507},[61,72816,504],{"class":503},[61,72818,83],{"class":75},[61,72820,515],{"class":503},[61,72822,518],{"class":507},[61,72824,504],{"class":503},[61,72826,83],{"class":75},[61,72828,515],{"class":503},[61,72830,508],{"class":507},[61,72832,504],{"class":503},[61,72834,83],{"class":75},[61,72836,515],{"class":503},[61,72838,527],{"class":507},[61,72840,504],{"class":503},[61,72842,943],{"class":75},[61,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72862,72864,72866,72869,72871,72873,72875],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72846,8061],{"class":67},[61,72848,72],{"class":71},[61,72850,926],{"class":75},[61,72852,28814],{"class":67},[61,72854,6238],{"class":4158},[61,72856,6241],{"class":67},[61,72858,4165],{"class":4158},[61,72860,72861],{"class":67}," items ",[61,72863,7277],{"class":4158},[61,72865,6241],{"class":67},[61,72867,72868],{"class":71},"!=",[61,72870,515],{"class":503},[61,72872,508],{"class":507},[61,72874,504],{"class":503},[61,72876,943],{"class":75},[61,72878,72879,72881,72883,72885],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,72880,160],{"class":159},[61,72882,147],{"class":75},[61,72884,8092],{"class":143},[61,72886,153],{"class":75},[20,72888,1598],{},[52,72890,72891],{"className":54,"code":72769,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,72892,72893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72894,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72896,4182],{"class":75},[61,72898,630],{"class":503},[61,72900,518],{"class":507},[61,72902,630],{"class":503},[61,72904,83],{"class":75},[61,72906,639],{"class":503},[61,72908,527],{"class":507},[61,72910,630],{"class":503},[61,72912,943],{"class":75},[47,72914,65909],{"id":65908},[20,72916,65912,72917,140],{},[15,72918,40982],{},[52,72920,72922],{"className":54,"code":72921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72923,72924,72956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72925,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72927,8061],{"class":67},[61,72929,72],{"class":71},[61,72931,926],{"class":75},[61,72933,504],{"class":503},[61,72935,508],{"class":507},[61,72937,504],{"class":503},[61,72939,83],{"class":75},[61,72941,515],{"class":503},[61,72943,518],{"class":507},[61,72945,504],{"class":503},[61,72947,83],{"class":75},[61,72949,515],{"class":503},[61,72951,527],{"class":507},[61,72953,504],{"class":503},[61,72955,943],{"class":75},[61,72957,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72959,8092],{"class":67},[61,72961,140],{"class":75},[61,72963,35069],{"class":143},[61,72965,147],{"class":75},[61,72967,504],{"class":503},[61,72969,553],{"class":507},[61,72971,504],{"class":503},[61,72973,153],{"class":75},[20,72975,1598],{},[52,72977,72979],{"className":54,"code":72978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72980,72981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72982,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72984,40982],{"class":2071},[61,72986,192],{"class":75},[61,72988,22835],{"class":2071},[61,72990,140],{"class":75},[61,72992,35069],{"class":143},[61,72994,147],{"class":75},[61,72996,2458],{"class":143},[61,72998,16731],{"class":75},[61,73000,4162],{"class":67},[61,73002,4909],{"class":71},[61,73004,21452],{"class":71},[61,73006,73007],{"class":2071}," list\n",[20,73009,73010],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73012,73013],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[52,73015,73017],{"className":54,"code":73016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73018,73019,73051,73063,73067,73079,73094,73098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73020,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73022,8061],{"class":67},[61,73024,72],{"class":71},[61,73026,926],{"class":75},[61,73028,504],{"class":503},[61,73030,508],{"class":507},[61,73032,504],{"class":503},[61,73034,83],{"class":75},[61,73036,515],{"class":503},[61,73038,518],{"class":507},[61,73040,504],{"class":503},[61,73042,83],{"class":75},[61,73044,515],{"class":503},[61,73046,527],{"class":507},[61,73048,504],{"class":503},[61,73050,943],{"class":75},[61,73052,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73054,2730],{"class":67},[61,73056,72],{"class":71},[61,73058,515],{"class":503},[61,73060,553],{"class":507},[61,73062,3639],{"class":503},[61,73064,73065],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73066,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,73068,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,73070,7277],{"class":4158},[61,73072,21863],{"class":67},[61,73074,4165],{"class":71},[61,73076,6246],{"class":67},[61,73078,6673],{"class":75},[61,73080,73081,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,73082,73083],{"class":67},"    items",[61,73085,140],{"class":75},[61,73087,35069],{"class":143},[61,73089,147],{"class":75},[61,73091,2755],{"class":143},[61,73093,153],{"class":75},[61,73095,73096],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,73097,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,73099,73100,73102,73104,73106],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,73101,160],{"class":159},[61,73103,147],{"class":75},[61,73105,8092],{"class":143},[61,73107,153],{"class":75},[20,73109,1598],{},[52,73111,73113],{"className":54,"code":73112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73114,73115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73116,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73118,4182],{"class":75},[61,73120,630],{"class":503},[61,73122,508],{"class":507},[61,73124,630],{"class":503},[61,73126,83],{"class":75},[61,73128,639],{"class":503},[61,73130,518],{"class":507},[61,73132,630],{"class":503},[61,73134,83],{"class":75},[61,73136,639],{"class":503},[61,73138,527],{"class":507},[61,73140,630],{"class":503},[61,73142,943],{"class":75},[20,73144,73145,73146,73148],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73147,55812],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73150,73151,73152,140],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[214,73153,66117],{"href":73154},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[47,73156,73158],{"id":73157},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73160,73161,700,73163,73165],{},[15,73162,55812],{},[15,73164,13043],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[29,73167,73168,73175,73181,73187],{},[32,73169,73170,73172,73173],{},[15,73171,55812],{}," deletes by ",[39,73174,2755],{},[32,73176,73177,73172,73179],{},[15,73178,13043],{},[39,73180,36122],{},[32,73182,73183,2680,73185],{},[15,73184,55812],{},[15,73186,4058],{},[32,73188,73189,73191],{},[15,73190,13043],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73193,46320,73194,192],{},[15,73195,55812],{},[52,73197,73199],{"className":54,"code":73198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73200,73201,73233,73251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73204,8061],{"class":67},[61,73206,72],{"class":71},[61,73208,926],{"class":75},[61,73210,504],{"class":503},[61,73212,508],{"class":507},[61,73214,504],{"class":503},[61,73216,83],{"class":75},[61,73218,515],{"class":503},[61,73220,518],{"class":507},[61,73222,504],{"class":503},[61,73224,83],{"class":75},[61,73226,515],{"class":503},[61,73228,527],{"class":507},[61,73230,504],{"class":503},[61,73232,943],{"class":75},[61,73234,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73236,8092],{"class":67},[61,73238,140],{"class":75},[61,73240,35069],{"class":143},[61,73242,147],{"class":75},[61,73244,504],{"class":503},[61,73246,518],{"class":507},[61,73248,504],{"class":503},[61,73250,153],{"class":75},[61,73252,73253,73255,73257,73259],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73254,160],{"class":159},[61,73256,147],{"class":75},[61,73258,8092],{"class":143},[61,73260,153],{"class":75},[20,73262,1598],{},[52,73264,73266],{"className":54,"code":73265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73267,73268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73269,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73271,4182],{"class":75},[61,73273,630],{"class":503},[61,73275,508],{"class":507},[61,73277,630],{"class":503},[61,73279,83],{"class":75},[61,73281,639],{"class":503},[61,73283,527],{"class":507},[61,73285,630],{"class":503},[61,73287,943],{"class":75},[20,73289,46320,73290,192],{},[15,73291,13043],{},[52,73293,73295],{"className":54,"code":73294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73296,73297,73329,73348,73352,73362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73298,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73300,8061],{"class":67},[61,73302,72],{"class":71},[61,73304,926],{"class":75},[61,73306,504],{"class":503},[61,73308,508],{"class":507},[61,73310,504],{"class":503},[61,73312,83],{"class":75},[61,73314,515],{"class":503},[61,73316,518],{"class":507},[61,73318,504],{"class":503},[61,73320,83],{"class":75},[61,73322,515],{"class":503},[61,73324,527],{"class":507},[61,73326,504],{"class":503},[61,73328,943],{"class":75},[61,73330,73331,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73332,73333],{"class":67},"removed_item ",[61,73335,72],{"class":71},[61,73337,6246],{"class":67},[61,73339,140],{"class":75},[61,73341,26517],{"class":143},[61,73343,147],{"class":75},[61,73345,80],{"class":79},[61,73347,153],{"class":75},[61,73349,73350],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73351,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,73353,73354,73356,73358,73360],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,73355,160],{"class":159},[61,73357,147],{"class":75},[61,73359,8092],{"class":143},[61,73361,153],{"class":75},[61,73363,73364,73366,73368,73371],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,73365,160],{"class":159},[61,73367,147],{"class":75},[61,73369,73370],{"class":143},"removed_item",[61,73372,153],{"class":75},[20,73374,1598],{},[52,73376,73378],{"className":54,"code":73377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73379,73380,73400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73383,4182],{"class":75},[61,73385,630],{"class":503},[61,73387,508],{"class":507},[61,73389,630],{"class":503},[61,73391,83],{"class":75},[61,73393,639],{"class":503},[61,73395,527],{"class":507},[61,73397,630],{"class":503},[61,73399,943],{"class":75},[61,73401,73402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73403,70682],{"class":67},[20,73405,1503,73406,73408],{},[15,73407,55812],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73410,1503,73411,73413],{},[15,73412,13043],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73415,73416,73417,140],{},"For more detail, see the ",[214,73418,73419],{"href":55362},"Python list pop() method",[47,73421,73423],{"id":73422},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73425,73426,700,73428,73430],{},[15,73427,55812],{},[15,73429,27301],{}," are also different.",[29,73432,73433,73438,73443,73448],{},[32,73434,73435,73437],{},[15,73436,55812],{}," deletes by matching value",[32,73439,73440,73442],{},[15,73441,27301],{}," deletes by index or slice",[32,73444,1503,73445,73447],{},[15,73446,27301],{}," when you know the position",[32,73449,1503,73450,73452],{},[15,73451,55812],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73454,46320,73455,192],{},[15,73456,27301],{},[52,73458,73460],{"className":54,"code":73459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73461,73462,73494,73506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73463,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73465,8061],{"class":67},[61,73467,72],{"class":71},[61,73469,926],{"class":75},[61,73471,504],{"class":503},[61,73473,508],{"class":507},[61,73475,504],{"class":503},[61,73477,83],{"class":75},[61,73479,515],{"class":503},[61,73481,518],{"class":507},[61,73483,504],{"class":503},[61,73485,83],{"class":75},[61,73487,515],{"class":503},[61,73489,527],{"class":507},[61,73491,504],{"class":503},[61,73493,943],{"class":75},[61,73495,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73497,27301],{"class":4158},[61,73499,6246],{"class":67},[61,73501,4182],{"class":75},[61,73503,80],{"class":79},[61,73505,943],{"class":75},[61,73507,73508,73510,73512,73514],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73509,160],{"class":159},[61,73511,147],{"class":75},[61,73513,8092],{"class":143},[61,73515,153],{"class":75},[20,73517,1598],{},[52,73519,73520],{"className":54,"code":73265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,73521,73522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73523,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73525,4182],{"class":75},[61,73527,630],{"class":503},[61,73529,508],{"class":507},[61,73531,630],{"class":503},[61,73533,83],{"class":75},[61,73535,639],{"class":503},[61,73537,527],{"class":507},[61,73539,630],{"class":503},[61,73541,943],{"class":75},[20,73543,73544,73545,73547,73548,73550],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73546,80],{},", not the value ",[15,73549,699],{}," directly.",[20,73552,73553,73554,140],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[214,73555,55351],{"href":55350},[47,73557,3111],{"id":3110},[20,73559,21490,73560,192],{},[15,73561,55812],{},[29,73563,73564,73567,73572,73579,73588],{},[32,73565,73566],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[32,73568,1524,73569,73571],{},[15,73570,55812],{}," to delete all matching values",[32,73573,12875,73574,73576,73577],{},[15,73575,55812],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73578,4058],{},[32,73580,716,73581,44909,73583,3159,73585,73587],{},[15,73582,55812],{},[15,73584,13043],{},[15,73586,27301],{}," would be a better fit",[32,73589,73590],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73592,71782],{},[52,73594,73596],{"className":54,"code":73595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73597,73598,73608,73622,73640,73654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73599,73600,73602,73604,73606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73601,160],{"class":159},[61,73603,147],{"class":75},[61,73605,8623],{"class":143},[61,73607,153],{"class":75},[61,73609,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73611,160],{"class":159},[61,73613,147],{"class":75},[61,73615,2730],{"class":143},[61,73617,4165],{"class":4158},[61,73619,8680],{"class":143},[61,73621,153],{"class":75},[61,73623,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73625,160],{"class":159},[61,73627,147],{"class":75},[61,73629,8623],{"class":143},[61,73631,140],{"class":75},[61,73633,41538],{"class":143},[61,73635,147],{"class":75},[61,73637,2755],{"class":143},[61,73639,1761],{"class":75},[61,73641,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,73643,160],{"class":159},[61,73645,147],{"class":75},[61,73647,2072],{"class":2071},[61,73649,147],{"class":75},[61,73651,8623],{"class":143},[61,73653,1761],{"class":75},[61,73655,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,73657,2093],{"class":159},[61,73659,147],{"class":75},[61,73661,8377],{"class":2071},[61,73663,140],{"class":75},[61,73665,35069],{"class":2103},[61,73667,153],{"class":75},[20,73669,73670],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[29,73672,73673,73676,73679,73682],{},[32,73674,73675],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[32,73677,73678],{},"How many times does it appear?",[32,73680,73681],{},"Am I working with a list?",[32,73683,73684],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73686,73687,73688,73690],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[214,73689,71946],{"href":59247}," may also help.",[47,73692,2109],{"id":2108},[887,73694,73696],{"id":73695},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73698,73699],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[887,73701,73703],{"id":73702},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73705,5428,73706,73708],{},[15,73707,4058],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[887,73710,73712],{"id":73711},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73714,73715,73716,73719,73720,140],{},"Check with ",[15,73717,73718],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73721,55812],{},[887,73723,73725],{"id":73724},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73727,1503,73728,73730,73731,73733],{},[15,73729,55812],{}," for a value and ",[15,73732,13043],{}," for an index.",[47,73735,2172],{"id":2171},[29,73737,73738,73742,73746,73750,73754],{},[32,73739,73740],{},[214,73741,55798],{"href":55350},[32,73743,73744],{},[214,73745,73419],{"href":55362},[32,73747,73748],{},[214,73749,71946],{"href":59247},[32,73751,73752],{},[214,73753,66117],{"href":73154},[32,73755,73756],{},[214,73757,73759],{"href":73758},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2204,73761,73762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":73764},[73765,73766,73767,73768,73769,73770,73771,73772,73773,73774,73780],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":72091,"depth":97,"text":72092},{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711},{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":72544,"depth":97,"text":72545},{"id":65908,"depth":97,"text":65909},{"id":73157,"depth":97,"text":73158},{"id":73422,"depth":97,"text":73423},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":73775},[73776,73777,73778,73779],{"id":73695,"depth":122,"text":73696},{"id":73702,"depth":122,"text":73703},{"id":73711,"depth":122,"text":73712},{"id":73724,"depth":122,"text":73725},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71994,"description":73781},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73788,"title":73789,"body":73790,"description":75681,"extension":2249,"meta":75682,"navigation":125,"path":75683,"seo":75684,"stem":75685,"__hash__":75686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73791,"toc":75651},[73792,73798,73804,73807,73818,73820,73869,73874,73879,73883,73898,73900,73965,73967,74008,74010,74012,74027,74029,74040,74042,74099,74101,74134,74136,74139,74188,74190,74215,74217,74233,74239,74246,74307,74309,74342,74347,74350,74430,74432,74493,74499,74503,74506,74570,74572,74597,74599,74619,74621,74670,74672,74693,74702,74705,74709,74714,74759,74761,74782,74788,74793,74801,74865,74867,74904,74910,74914,74921,74986,74988,75025,75029,75046,75056,75061,75066,75077,75084,75086,75092,75115,75118,75145,75150,75153,75254,75256,75311,75314,75421,75423,75494,75497,75523,75525,75530,75534,75542,75547,75552,75558,75563,75567,75570,75587,75590,75610,75618,75620,75648],[10,73793,54625,73795,18],{"id":73794},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73796,73797],{},"reverse()",[20,73799,73800,73803],{},[15,73801,73802],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73805,73806],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73808,73809,73810,73812,73813,73817],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73811,73797],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[214,73814,73816],{"href":73815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[47,73819,3890],{"id":3889},[52,73821,73823],{"className":54,"code":73822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73824,73825,73845,73856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73826,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73828,900],{"class":67},[61,73830,72],{"class":71},[61,73832,926],{"class":75},[61,73834,80],{"class":79},[61,73836,83],{"class":75},[61,73838,86],{"class":79},[61,73840,83],{"class":75},[61,73842,91],{"class":79},[61,73844,943],{"class":75},[61,73846,73847,73849,73851,73854],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73848,3929],{"class":67},[61,73850,140],{"class":75},[61,73852,73853],{"class":143},"reverse",[61,73855,8926],{"class":75},[61,73857,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73859,160],{"class":159},[61,73861,147],{"class":75},[61,73863,3929],{"class":143},[61,73865,442],{"class":75},[61,73867,73868],{"class":173},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73870,73871,73873],{},[15,73872,73797],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[47,73875,184,73877,187],{"id":73876},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73878,73802],{},[20,73880,73881,192],{},[15,73882,73802],{},[29,73884,73885,73888,73891,73895],{},[32,73886,73887],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[32,73889,73890],{},"Changes the original list directly",[32,73892,11704,73893],{},[15,73894,4058],{},[32,73896,73897],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73899,368],{},[52,73901,73903],{"className":54,"code":73902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73904,73905,73945,73955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73906,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73908,1028],{"class":67},[61,73910,72],{"class":71},[61,73912,926],{"class":75},[61,73914,504],{"class":503},[61,73916,214],{"class":507},[61,73918,504],{"class":503},[61,73920,83],{"class":75},[61,73922,515],{"class":503},[61,73924,329],{"class":507},[61,73926,504],{"class":503},[61,73928,83],{"class":75},[61,73930,515],{"class":503},[61,73932,1071],{"class":507},[61,73934,504],{"class":503},[61,73936,83],{"class":75},[61,73938,515],{"class":503},[61,73940,1080],{"class":507},[61,73942,504],{"class":503},[61,73944,943],{"class":75},[61,73946,73947,73949,73951,73953],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73948,36419],{"class":67},[61,73950,140],{"class":75},[61,73952,73853],{"class":143},[61,73954,8926],{"class":75},[61,73956,73957,73959,73961,73963],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,73958,160],{"class":159},[61,73960,147],{"class":75},[61,73962,36419],{"class":143},[61,73964,153],{"class":75},[20,73966,1598],{},[52,73968,73970],{"className":54,"code":73969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73971,73972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73973,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73975,4182],{"class":75},[61,73977,630],{"class":503},[61,73979,1080],{"class":507},[61,73981,630],{"class":503},[61,73983,83],{"class":75},[61,73985,639],{"class":503},[61,73987,1071],{"class":507},[61,73989,630],{"class":503},[61,73991,83],{"class":75},[61,73993,639],{"class":503},[61,73995,329],{"class":507},[61,73997,630],{"class":503},[61,73999,83],{"class":75},[61,74001,639],{"class":503},[61,74003,214],{"class":507},[61,74005,630],{"class":503},[61,74007,943],{"class":75},[47,74009,221],{"id":220},[20,74011,2444],{},[52,74013,74015],{"className":54,"code":74014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74016,74017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74018,74019,74021,74023,74025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74020,8623],{"class":67},[61,74022,140],{"class":75},[61,74024,73853],{"class":143},[61,74026,8926],{"class":75},[20,74028,254],{},[29,74030,74031,74034,74037],{},[32,74032,74033],{},"No arguments are needed",[32,74035,74036],{},"You call it on an existing list",[32,74038,74039],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74041,368],{},[52,74043,74045],{"className":54,"code":74044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74046,74047,74079,74089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74048,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74050,13356],{"class":67},[61,74052,72],{"class":71},[61,74054,926],{"class":75},[61,74056,504],{"class":503},[61,74058,13373],{"class":507},[61,74060,504],{"class":503},[61,74062,83],{"class":75},[61,74064,515],{"class":503},[61,74066,17735],{"class":507},[61,74068,504],{"class":503},[61,74070,83],{"class":75},[61,74072,515],{"class":503},[61,74074,13390],{"class":507},[61,74076,504],{"class":503},[61,74078,943],{"class":75},[61,74080,74081,74083,74085,74087],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74082,17782],{"class":67},[61,74084,140],{"class":75},[61,74086,73853],{"class":143},[61,74088,8926],{"class":75},[61,74090,74091,74093,74095,74097],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74092,160],{"class":159},[61,74094,147],{"class":75},[61,74096,17782],{"class":143},[61,74098,153],{"class":75},[20,74100,1598],{},[52,74102,74104],{"className":54,"code":74103,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74105,74106],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74107,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74109,4182],{"class":75},[61,74111,630],{"class":503},[61,74113,13390],{"class":507},[61,74115,630],{"class":503},[61,74117,83],{"class":75},[61,74119,639],{"class":503},[61,74121,17735],{"class":507},[61,74123,630],{"class":503},[61,74125,83],{"class":75},[61,74127,639],{"class":503},[61,74129,13373],{"class":507},[61,74131,630],{"class":503},[61,74133,943],{"class":75},[47,74135,483],{"id":482},[20,74137,74138],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[52,74140,74142],{"className":54,"code":74141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74143,74144,74168,74178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74145,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74147,900],{"class":67},[61,74149,72],{"class":71},[61,74151,926],{"class":75},[61,74153,2613],{"class":79},[61,74155,83],{"class":75},[61,74157,8072],{"class":79},[61,74159,83],{"class":75},[61,74161,8077],{"class":79},[61,74163,83],{"class":75},[61,74165,51125],{"class":79},[61,74167,943],{"class":75},[61,74169,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74171,3929],{"class":67},[61,74173,140],{"class":75},[61,74175,73853],{"class":143},[61,74177,8926],{"class":75},[61,74179,74180,74182,74184,74186],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74181,160],{"class":159},[61,74183,147],{"class":75},[61,74185,3929],{"class":143},[61,74187,153],{"class":75},[20,74189,1598],{},[52,74191,74193],{"className":54,"code":74192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74194,74195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74196,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74198,4182],{"class":75},[61,74200,56976],{"class":79},[61,74202,83],{"class":75},[61,74204,8077],{"class":79},[61,74206,83],{"class":75},[61,74208,8072],{"class":79},[61,74210,83],{"class":75},[61,74212,6285],{"class":79},[61,74214,943],{"class":75},[20,74216,11963],{},[29,74218,74219,74225,74230],{},[32,74220,74221,74222],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74223,74224],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[32,74226,74227,74229],{},[15,74228,73797],{}," flips the order",[32,74231,74232],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[47,74234,74236,74238],{"id":74235},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74237,73797],{}," changes the original list",[20,74240,74241,74242,74245],{},"This method is ",[39,74243,74244],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[52,74247,74249],{"className":54,"code":74248,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74250,74251,74283,74293,74297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74254,36515],{"class":67},[61,74256,72],{"class":71},[61,74258,926],{"class":75},[61,74260,504],{"class":503},[61,74262,508],{"class":507},[61,74264,504],{"class":503},[61,74266,83],{"class":75},[61,74268,515],{"class":503},[61,74270,518],{"class":507},[61,74272,504],{"class":503},[61,74274,83],{"class":75},[61,74276,515],{"class":503},[61,74278,4377],{"class":507},[61,74280,504],{"class":503},[61,74282,943],{"class":75},[61,74284,74285,74287,74289,74291],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74286,36567],{"class":67},[61,74288,140],{"class":75},[61,74290,73853],{"class":143},[61,74292,8926],{"class":75},[61,74294,74295],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74296,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74300,160],{"class":159},[61,74302,147],{"class":75},[61,74304,36567],{"class":143},[61,74306,153],{"class":75},[20,74308,1598],{},[52,74310,74312],{"className":54,"code":74311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74313,74314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74315,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74317,4182],{"class":75},[61,74319,630],{"class":503},[61,74321,4377],{"class":507},[61,74323,630],{"class":503},[61,74325,83],{"class":75},[61,74327,639],{"class":503},[61,74329,518],{"class":507},[61,74331,630],{"class":503},[61,74333,83],{"class":75},[61,74335,639],{"class":503},[61,74337,508],{"class":507},[61,74339,630],{"class":503},[61,74341,943],{"class":75},[20,74343,1503,74344,74346],{},[15,74345,73797],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74348,74349],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[52,74351,74353],{"className":54,"code":74352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74354,74355,74387,74405,74409,74419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74356,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74358,36515],{"class":67},[61,74360,72],{"class":71},[61,74362,926],{"class":75},[61,74364,504],{"class":503},[61,74366,508],{"class":507},[61,74368,504],{"class":503},[61,74370,83],{"class":75},[61,74372,515],{"class":503},[61,74374,518],{"class":507},[61,74376,504],{"class":503},[61,74378,83],{"class":75},[61,74380,515],{"class":503},[61,74382,4377],{"class":507},[61,74384,504],{"class":503},[61,74386,943],{"class":75},[61,74388,74389,74392,74394,74396,74399,74401,74403],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74390,74391],{"class":67},"reversed_fruits ",[61,74393,72],{"class":71},[61,74395,53134],{"class":67},[61,74397,74398],{"class":75},"[::",[61,74400,2308],{"class":71},[61,74402,80],{"class":79},[61,74404,943],{"class":75},[61,74406,74407],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74408,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74410,74411,74413,74415,74417],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74412,160],{"class":159},[61,74414,147],{"class":75},[61,74416,36567],{"class":143},[61,74418,153],{"class":75},[61,74420,74421,74423,74425,74428],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,74422,160],{"class":159},[61,74424,147],{"class":75},[61,74426,74427],{"class":143},"reversed_fruits",[61,74429,153],{"class":75},[20,74431,1598],{},[52,74433,74435],{"className":54,"code":74434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74436,74437,74465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74438,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74440,4182],{"class":75},[61,74442,630],{"class":503},[61,74444,508],{"class":507},[61,74446,630],{"class":503},[61,74448,83],{"class":75},[61,74450,639],{"class":503},[61,74452,518],{"class":507},[61,74454,630],{"class":503},[61,74456,83],{"class":75},[61,74458,639],{"class":503},[61,74460,4377],{"class":507},[61,74462,630],{"class":503},[61,74464,943],{"class":75},[61,74466,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74468,4182],{"class":75},[61,74470,630],{"class":503},[61,74472,4377],{"class":507},[61,74474,630],{"class":503},[61,74476,83],{"class":75},[61,74478,639],{"class":503},[61,74480,518],{"class":507},[61,74482,630],{"class":503},[61,74484,83],{"class":75},[61,74486,639],{"class":503},[61,74488,508],{"class":507},[61,74490,630],{"class":503},[61,74492,943],{"class":75},[20,74494,74495,74496,140],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[214,74497,74498],{"href":73815},"Python list slicing explained",[47,74500,74502],{"id":74501},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74504,74505],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[52,74507,74509],{"className":54,"code":74508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74510,74511,74531,74545,74549,74560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74514,900],{"class":67},[61,74516,72],{"class":71},[61,74518,926],{"class":75},[61,74520,80],{"class":79},[61,74522,83],{"class":75},[61,74524,86],{"class":79},[61,74526,83],{"class":75},[61,74528,91],{"class":79},[61,74530,943],{"class":75},[61,74532,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74534,56173],{"class":67},[61,74536,72],{"class":71},[61,74538,956],{"class":67},[61,74540,140],{"class":75},[61,74542,73853],{"class":143},[61,74544,8926],{"class":75},[61,74546,74547],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74548,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74550,74551,74553,74555,74558],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74552,160],{"class":159},[61,74554,147],{"class":75},[61,74556,74557],{"class":143},"new_list",[61,74559,153],{"class":75},[61,74561,74562,74564,74566,74568],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,74563,160],{"class":159},[61,74565,147],{"class":75},[61,74567,3929],{"class":143},[61,74569,153],{"class":75},[20,74571,1598],{},[52,74573,74575],{"className":54,"code":74574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74576,74577,74581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74578,74579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74580,12088],{"class":4133},[61,74582,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74584,4182],{"class":75},[61,74586,107],{"class":79},[61,74588,83],{"class":75},[61,74590,86],{"class":79},[61,74592,83],{"class":75},[61,74594,1720],{"class":79},[61,74596,943],{"class":75},[20,74598,12180],{},[29,74600,74601,74609,74613],{},[32,74602,74603,74605,74606,74608],{},[15,74604,73797],{}," changes ",[15,74607,3929],{}," directly",[32,74610,41184,74611,72115],{},[39,74612,4909],{},[32,74614,53936,74615,42433,74617],{},[15,74616,74557],{},[15,74618,4058],{},[20,74620,62179],{},[52,74622,74624],{"className":54,"code":74623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74625,74626,74646,74656,74660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74629,900],{"class":67},[61,74631,72],{"class":71},[61,74633,926],{"class":75},[61,74635,80],{"class":79},[61,74637,83],{"class":75},[61,74639,86],{"class":79},[61,74641,83],{"class":75},[61,74643,91],{"class":79},[61,74645,943],{"class":75},[61,74647,74648,74650,74652,74654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74649,3929],{"class":67},[61,74651,140],{"class":75},[61,74653,73853],{"class":143},[61,74655,8926],{"class":75},[61,74657,74658],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74659,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74663,160],{"class":159},[61,74665,147],{"class":75},[61,74667,3929],{"class":143},[61,74669,153],{"class":75},[20,74671,1598],{},[52,74673,74675],{"className":54,"code":74674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74676,74677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74678,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74680,4182],{"class":75},[61,74682,107],{"class":79},[61,74684,83],{"class":75},[61,74686,86],{"class":79},[61,74688,83],{"class":75},[61,74690,1720],{"class":79},[61,74692,943],{"class":75},[47,74694,74696,1310,74698,74701],{"id":74695},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74697,73797],{},[15,74699,74700],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74703,74704],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[887,74706,74707],{"id":73853},[15,74708,73797],{},[20,74710,74711,74713],{},[15,74712,73797],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[52,74715,74717],{"className":54,"code":74716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74718,74719,74739,74749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74720,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74722,900],{"class":67},[61,74724,72],{"class":71},[61,74726,926],{"class":75},[61,74728,107],{"class":79},[61,74730,83],{"class":75},[61,74732,1720],{"class":79},[61,74734,83],{"class":75},[61,74736,86],{"class":79},[61,74738,943],{"class":75},[61,74740,74741,74743,74745,74747],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74742,3929],{"class":67},[61,74744,140],{"class":75},[61,74746,73853],{"class":143},[61,74748,8926],{"class":75},[61,74750,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74752,160],{"class":159},[61,74754,147],{"class":75},[61,74756,3929],{"class":143},[61,74758,153],{"class":75},[20,74760,1598],{},[52,74762,74764],{"className":54,"code":74763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74765,74766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74767,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74769,4182],{"class":75},[61,74771,301],{"class":79},[61,74773,83],{"class":75},[61,74775,1720],{"class":79},[61,74777,83],{"class":75},[61,74779,91],{"class":79},[61,74781,943],{"class":75},[20,74783,74784,74785,74787],{},"Notice that this is ",[39,74786,4909],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[887,74789,74791],{"id":74790},"sorted",[15,74792,74700],{},[20,74794,74795,74800],{},[214,74796,74798],{"href":74797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74799,74700],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[52,74802,74804],{"className":54,"code":74803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74805,74806,74826,74841,74845,74855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822,74824],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74809,900],{"class":67},[61,74811,72],{"class":71},[61,74813,926],{"class":75},[61,74815,107],{"class":79},[61,74817,83],{"class":75},[61,74819,1720],{"class":79},[61,74821,83],{"class":75},[61,74823,86],{"class":79},[61,74825,943],{"class":75},[61,74827,74828,74830,74832,74835,74837,74839],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74829,132],{"class":67},[61,74831,72],{"class":71},[61,74833,74834],{"class":159}," sorted",[61,74836,147],{"class":75},[61,74838,3929],{"class":143},[61,74840,153],{"class":75},[61,74842,74843],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74844,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74846,74847,74849,74851,74853],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74848,160],{"class":159},[61,74850,147],{"class":75},[61,74852,3929],{"class":143},[61,74854,153],{"class":75},[61,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,74858,160],{"class":159},[61,74860,147],{"class":75},[61,74862,165],{"class":143},[61,74864,153],{"class":75},[20,74866,1598],{},[52,74868,74870],{"className":54,"code":74869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74871,74872,74888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74873,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74875,4182],{"class":75},[61,74877,107],{"class":79},[61,74879,83],{"class":75},[61,74881,1720],{"class":79},[61,74883,83],{"class":75},[61,74885,86],{"class":79},[61,74887,943],{"class":75},[61,74889,74890,74892,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74891,4182],{"class":75},[61,74893,80],{"class":79},[61,74895,83],{"class":75},[61,74897,86],{"class":79},[61,74899,83],{"class":75},[61,74901,91],{"class":79},[61,74903,943],{"class":75},[20,74905,74906,74907,140],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74908,74909],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[887,74911,74913],{"id":74912},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74915,74916,74917,74920],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74918,74919],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[52,74922,74924],{"className":54,"code":74923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74925,74926,74946,74962,74966,74976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74927,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74929,900],{"class":67},[61,74931,72],{"class":71},[61,74933,926],{"class":75},[61,74935,107],{"class":79},[61,74937,83],{"class":75},[61,74939,1720],{"class":79},[61,74941,83],{"class":75},[61,74943,86],{"class":79},[61,74945,943],{"class":75},[61,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74949,132],{"class":67},[61,74951,72],{"class":71},[61,74953,956],{"class":67},[61,74955,74398],{"class":75},[61,74957,2308],{"class":71},[61,74959,80],{"class":79},[61,74961,943],{"class":75},[61,74963,74964],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,74965,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,74967,74968,74970,74972,74974],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,74969,160],{"class":159},[61,74971,147],{"class":75},[61,74973,3929],{"class":143},[61,74975,153],{"class":75},[61,74977,74978,74980,74982,74984],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,74979,160],{"class":159},[61,74981,147],{"class":75},[61,74983,165],{"class":143},[61,74985,153],{"class":75},[20,74987,1598],{},[52,74989,74991],{"className":54,"code":74990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74992,74993,75009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74994,74995,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005,75007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74996,4182],{"class":75},[61,74998,107],{"class":79},[61,75000,83],{"class":75},[61,75002,1720],{"class":79},[61,75004,83],{"class":75},[61,75006,86],{"class":79},[61,75008,943],{"class":75},[61,75010,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75012,4182],{"class":75},[61,75014,301],{"class":79},[61,75016,83],{"class":75},[61,75018,1720],{"class":79},[61,75020,83],{"class":75},[61,75022,91],{"class":79},[61,75024,943],{"class":75},[887,75026,75028],{"id":75027},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[29,75030,75031,75036,75041],{},[32,75032,1503,75033,75035],{},[15,75034,73797],{}," when you want to change the original list",[32,75037,1503,75038,75040],{},[15,75039,74919],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[32,75042,1503,75043,75045],{},[15,75044,74700],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75047,75048,75049,75055],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[214,75050,75052,75053,1516],{"href":75051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75054,64591],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[47,75057,5240,75059],{"id":75058},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75060,73797],{},[20,75062,75063,75065],{},[15,75064,73797],{}," is a good choice:",[29,75067,75068,75071,75074],{},[32,75069,75070],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[32,75072,75073],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[32,75075,75076],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75078,75079,75080,140],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[214,75081,75083],{"href":75082},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[47,75085,3111],{"id":3110},[20,75087,75088,75089,75091],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75090,73797],{}," for these reasons:",[29,75093,75094,75098,75103,75108],{},[32,75095,12875,75096,12878],{},[15,75097,73797],{},[32,75099,1524,75100,75102],{},[15,75101,73797],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[32,75104,716,75105,75107],{},[15,75106,73797],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[32,75109,37480,75110,2020,75112],{},[15,75111,73797],{},[15,75113,75114],{},"reversed()",[20,75116,75117],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[52,75119,75121],{"className":54,"code":75120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75122,75123,75135],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75126,34962],{"class":67},[61,75128,72],{"class":71},[61,75130,515],{"class":503},[61,75132,4126],{"class":507},[61,75134,3639],{"class":503},[61,75136,75137,75139,75141,75143],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75138,34983],{"class":67},[61,75140,140],{"class":75},[61,75142,73853],{"class":143},[61,75144,8926],{"class":75},[20,75146,75147,75148,33875],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75149,73797],{},[20,75151,75152],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[52,75154,75156],{"className":54,"code":75155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75157,75158,75178,75182,75192,75206,75210,75224,75234,75238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75159,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75161,8592],{"class":67},[61,75163,72],{"class":71},[61,75165,926],{"class":75},[61,75167,80],{"class":79},[61,75169,83],{"class":75},[61,75171,86],{"class":79},[61,75173,83],{"class":75},[61,75175,91],{"class":79},[61,75177,943],{"class":75},[61,75179,75180],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75181,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75183,75184,75186,75188,75190],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75185,160],{"class":159},[61,75187,147],{"class":75},[61,75189,8623],{"class":143},[61,75191,153],{"class":75},[61,75193,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75195,160],{"class":159},[61,75197,147],{"class":75},[61,75199,2072],{"class":2071},[61,75201,147],{"class":75},[61,75203,8623],{"class":143},[61,75205,1761],{"class":75},[61,75207,75208],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,75209,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75211,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,75213,132],{"class":67},[61,75215,72],{"class":71},[61,75217,8680],{"class":67},[61,75219,140],{"class":75},[61,75221,73853],{"class":143},[61,75223,8926],{"class":75},[61,75225,75226,75228,75230,75232],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,75227,160],{"class":159},[61,75229,147],{"class":75},[61,75231,165],{"class":143},[61,75233,153],{"class":75},[61,75235,75236],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,75237,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75239,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,75241,160],{"class":159},[61,75243,147],{"class":75},[61,75245,8623],{"class":143},[61,75247,74398],{"class":75},[61,75249,2308],{"class":71},[61,75251,80],{"class":79},[61,75253,1887],{"class":75},[20,75255,1598],{},[52,75257,75259],{"className":54,"code":75258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75260,75261,75277,75291,75295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75264,4182],{"class":75},[61,75266,80],{"class":79},[61,75268,83],{"class":75},[61,75270,86],{"class":79},[61,75272,83],{"class":75},[61,75274,91],{"class":79},[61,75276,943],{"class":75},[61,75278,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75280,3571],{"class":71},[61,75282,3574],{"class":2350},[61,75284,639],{"class":503},[61,75286,8377],{"class":507},[61,75288,630],{"class":503},[61,75290,3583],{"class":71},[61,75292,75293],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75294,12088],{"class":4133},[61,75296,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75298,4182],{"class":75},[61,75300,80],{"class":79},[61,75302,83],{"class":75},[61,75304,86],{"class":79},[61,75306,83],{"class":75},[61,75308,1720],{"class":79},[61,75310,943],{"class":75},[20,75312,75313],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[52,75315,75317],{"className":54,"code":75316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75318,75319,75339,75343,75353,75367,75371,75385,75395,75405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75320,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75322,8592],{"class":67},[61,75324,72],{"class":71},[61,75326,926],{"class":75},[61,75328,80],{"class":79},[61,75330,83],{"class":75},[61,75332,86],{"class":79},[61,75334,83],{"class":75},[61,75336,91],{"class":79},[61,75338,943],{"class":75},[61,75340,75341],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75342,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75344,75345,75347,75349,75351],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75346,160],{"class":159},[61,75348,147],{"class":75},[61,75350,8623],{"class":143},[61,75352,153],{"class":75},[61,75354,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75356,160],{"class":159},[61,75358,147],{"class":75},[61,75360,2072],{"class":2071},[61,75362,147],{"class":75},[61,75364,8623],{"class":143},[61,75366,1761],{"class":75},[61,75368,75369],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,75370,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,75374,132],{"class":67},[61,75376,72],{"class":71},[61,75378,8680],{"class":67},[61,75380,140],{"class":75},[61,75382,73853],{"class":143},[61,75384,8926],{"class":75},[61,75386,75387,75389,75391,75393],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,75388,160],{"class":159},[61,75390,147],{"class":75},[61,75392,165],{"class":143},[61,75394,153],{"class":75},[61,75396,75397,75399,75401,75403],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,75398,160],{"class":159},[61,75400,147],{"class":75},[61,75402,8623],{"class":143},[61,75404,153],{"class":75},[61,75406,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,75408,160],{"class":159},[61,75410,147],{"class":75},[61,75412,8623],{"class":143},[61,75414,74398],{"class":75},[61,75416,2308],{"class":71},[61,75418,80],{"class":79},[61,75420,1887],{"class":75},[20,75422,1598],{},[52,75424,75426],{"className":54,"code":75425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75427,75428,75444,75458,75462,75478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75429,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75431,4182],{"class":75},[61,75433,80],{"class":79},[61,75435,83],{"class":75},[61,75437,86],{"class":79},[61,75439,83],{"class":75},[61,75441,91],{"class":79},[61,75443,943],{"class":75},[61,75445,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75447,3571],{"class":71},[61,75449,3574],{"class":2350},[61,75451,639],{"class":503},[61,75453,8377],{"class":507},[61,75455,630],{"class":503},[61,75457,3583],{"class":71},[61,75459,75460],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75461,12088],{"class":4133},[61,75463,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75465,4182],{"class":75},[61,75467,107],{"class":79},[61,75469,83],{"class":75},[61,75471,86],{"class":79},[61,75473,83],{"class":75},[61,75475,1720],{"class":79},[61,75477,943],{"class":75},[61,75479,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,75481,4182],{"class":75},[61,75483,80],{"class":79},[61,75485,83],{"class":75},[61,75487,86],{"class":79},[61,75489,83],{"class":75},[61,75491,91],{"class":79},[61,75493,943],{"class":75},[20,75495,75496],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[29,75498,75499,75508,75517],{},[32,75500,28072,75501,75504,75505],{},[15,75502,75503],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75506,75507],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[32,75509,12196,75510,75513,75514,22835],{},[15,75511,75512],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[39,75515,75516],{},"current",[32,75518,75519,75520],{},"So it prints ",[15,75521,75522],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[47,75524,2109],{"id":2108},[887,75526,2113,75528,55752],{"id":75527},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75529,73802],{},[20,75531,62883,75532,140],{},[15,75533,4058],{},[887,75535,34480,75537,34483,75539,2159],{"id":75536},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75538,73797],{},[15,75540,75541],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75543,75544,75546],{},[15,75545,73797],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75548,75549,75551],{},[15,75550,75541],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[887,75553,2133,75555,75557],{"id":75554},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75556,73797],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75559,46645,75560,75562],{},[15,75561,73797],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[887,75564,75566],{"id":75565},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75568,75569],{},"Use slicing:",[52,75571,75573],{"className":54,"code":75572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75574,75575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75578,8623],{"class":67},[61,75580,74398],{"class":75},[61,75582,2308],{"class":71},[61,75584,80],{"class":79},[61,75586,943],{"class":75},[20,75588,75589],{},"Or use:",[52,75591,75593],{"className":54,"code":75592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75594,75595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75596,75597,75599,75601,75604,75606,75608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75598,8377],{"class":2071},[61,75600,147],{"class":75},[61,75602,75603],{"class":159},"reversed",[61,75605,147],{"class":75},[61,75607,8623],{"class":143},[61,75609,1761],{"class":75},[20,75611,75612,75613,75617],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[214,75614,55803,75615],{"href":55243},[15,75616,13057],{}," can also help.",[47,75619,2172],{"id":2171},[29,75621,75622,75628,75634,75638,75642],{},[32,75623,75624],{},[214,75625,55803,75626,1516],{"href":75051},[15,75627,64591],{},[32,75629,75630],{},[214,75631,13,75632,3790],{"href":74797},[15,75633,74700],{},[32,75635,75636],{},[214,75637,75083],{"href":75082},[32,75639,75640],{},[214,75641,74498],{"href":73815},[32,75643,75644],{},[214,75645,55803,75646,1516],{"href":55243},[15,75647,13057],{},[2204,75649,75650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":75652},[75653,75654,75656,75657,75658,75660,75661,75668,75670,75671,75680],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":73876,"depth":97,"text":75655},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":74235,"depth":97,"text":75659},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74501,"depth":97,"text":74502},{"id":74695,"depth":97,"text":75662,"children":75663},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75664,75665,75666,75667],{"id":73853,"depth":122,"text":73797},{"id":74790,"depth":122,"text":74700},{"id":74912,"depth":122,"text":74913},{"id":75027,"depth":122,"text":75028},{"id":75058,"depth":97,"text":75669},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":75672},[75673,75675,75677,75679],{"id":75527,"depth":122,"text":75674},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75536,"depth":122,"text":75676},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75554,"depth":122,"text":75678},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75565,"depth":122,"text":75566},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73789,"description":75681},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75688,"title":75689,"body":75690,"description":78123,"extension":2249,"meta":78124,"navigation":125,"path":78125,"seo":78126,"stem":78127,"__hash__":78128},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75691,"toc":78091},[75692,75695,75707,75710,75733,75741,75743,75855,75864,75868,75871,75874,75961,75963,75996,75998,76021,76027,76031,76034,76056,76058,76075,76078,76098,76100,76210,76212,76289,76293,76296,76339,76341,76474,76476,76578,76583,76587,76590,76592,76606,76609,76723,76725,76799,76801,76829,76833,76838,76868,76871,76997,76999,77081,77087,77091,77093,77132,77141,77145,77148,77152,77199,77201,77209,77213,77264,77266,77279,77281,77295,77298,77306,77308,77355,77357,77365,77368,77411,77416,77419,77422,77445,77449,77500,77503,77524,77534,77538,77540,77570,77573,77596,77600,77603,77670,77672,77709,77712,77720,77787,77789,77826,77832,77839,77843,77846,77876,77881,77885,77888,77912,77915,78009,78019,78021,78025,78028,78032,78035,78040,78043,78049,78052,78054,78082,78088],[10,75693,75689],{"id":75694},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75696,75697,75698,1830,75700,1833,75703,75706],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75699,36349],{},[15,75701,75702],{},"stop",[15,75704,75705],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75708,75709],{},"The basic slice form is:",[52,75711,75713],{"className":54,"code":75712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75714,75715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75716,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75718,8623],{"class":67},[61,75720,4182],{"class":75},[61,75722,36349],{"class":67},[61,75724,192],{"class":75},[61,75726,75702],{"class":67},[61,75728,192],{"class":75},[61,75730,75705],{"class":67},[61,75732,943],{"class":75},[20,75734,75735,75736,75738,75739,140],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75737,75702],{}," position is ",[39,75740,65349],{},[47,75742,50],{"id":49},[52,75744,75746],{"className":54,"code":75745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75747,75748,75776,75780,75801,75819,75836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75749,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75751,900],{"class":67},[61,75753,72],{"class":71},[61,75755,926],{"class":75},[61,75757,2613],{"class":79},[61,75759,83],{"class":75},[61,75761,8072],{"class":79},[61,75763,83],{"class":75},[61,75765,8077],{"class":79},[61,75767,83],{"class":75},[61,75769,51125],{"class":79},[61,75771,83],{"class":75},[61,75773,5360],{"class":79},[61,75775,943],{"class":75},[61,75777,75778],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75779,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75781,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75783,160],{"class":159},[61,75785,147],{"class":75},[61,75787,3929],{"class":143},[61,75789,4182],{"class":75},[61,75791,80],{"class":79},[61,75793,192],{"class":75},[61,75795,788],{"class":79},[61,75797,20725],{"class":75},[61,75799,75800],{"class":173},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[61,75802,75803,75805,75807,75809,75812,75814,75816],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75804,160],{"class":159},[61,75806,147],{"class":75},[61,75808,3929],{"class":143},[61,75810,75811],{"class":75},"[:",[61,75813,107],{"class":79},[61,75815,20725],{"class":75},[61,75817,75818],{"class":173},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[61,75820,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,75822,160],{"class":159},[61,75824,147],{"class":75},[61,75826,3929],{"class":143},[61,75828,74398],{"class":75},[61,75830,301],{"class":79},[61,75832,20725],{"class":75},[61,75834,75835],{"class":173},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[61,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,75839,160],{"class":159},[61,75841,147],{"class":75},[61,75843,3929],{"class":143},[61,75845,74398],{"class":75},[61,75847,2308],{"class":71},[61,75849,80],{"class":79},[61,75851,20725],{"class":75},[61,75853,75854],{"class":173},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75856,1503,75857,75860,75861,75863],{},[15,75858,75859],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75862,75702],{}," value is not included.",[47,75865,75867],{"id":75866},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75869,75870],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75872,75873],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[52,75875,75877],{"className":54,"code":75876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75878,75879,75927,75931,75950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75880,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75882,1028],{"class":67},[61,75884,72],{"class":71},[61,75886,926],{"class":75},[61,75888,504],{"class":503},[61,75890,214],{"class":507},[61,75892,504],{"class":503},[61,75894,83],{"class":75},[61,75896,515],{"class":503},[61,75898,329],{"class":507},[61,75900,504],{"class":503},[61,75902,83],{"class":75},[61,75904,515],{"class":503},[61,75906,1071],{"class":507},[61,75908,504],{"class":503},[61,75910,83],{"class":75},[61,75912,515],{"class":503},[61,75914,1080],{"class":507},[61,75916,504],{"class":503},[61,75918,83],{"class":75},[61,75920,515],{"class":503},[61,75922,60730],{"class":507},[61,75924,504],{"class":503},[61,75926,943],{"class":75},[61,75928,75929],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75930,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,75932,75933,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,75934,75935],{"class":67},"part ",[61,75937,72],{"class":71},[61,75939,1097],{"class":67},[61,75941,4182],{"class":75},[61,75943,80],{"class":79},[61,75945,192],{"class":75},[61,75947,788],{"class":79},[61,75949,943],{"class":75},[61,75951,75952,75954,75956,75959],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,75953,160],{"class":159},[61,75955,147],{"class":75},[61,75957,75958],{"class":143},"part",[61,75960,153],{"class":75},[20,75962,1598],{},[52,75964,75966],{"className":54,"code":75965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75967,75968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75969,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75971,4182],{"class":75},[61,75973,630],{"class":503},[61,75975,329],{"class":507},[61,75977,630],{"class":503},[61,75979,83],{"class":75},[61,75981,639],{"class":503},[61,75983,1071],{"class":507},[61,75985,630],{"class":503},[61,75987,83],{"class":75},[61,75989,639],{"class":503},[61,75991,1080],{"class":507},[61,75993,630],{"class":503},[61,75995,943],{"class":75},[20,75997,254],{},[29,75999,76000,76003,76006,76012,76018],{},[32,76001,76002],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[32,76004,76005],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[32,76007,76008,76009],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76010,76011],{},"list[start:stop]",[32,76013,76014,76015,76017],{},"The item at ",[15,76016,75702],{}," is not included",[32,76019,76020],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76022,76023,76024,140],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[214,76025,76026],{"href":51261},"beginner guide to Python lists",[47,76028,76030],{"id":76029},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76032,76033],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[52,76035,76036],{"className":54,"code":75712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,76037,76038],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76039,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76041,8623],{"class":67},[61,76043,4182],{"class":75},[61,76045,36349],{"class":67},[61,76047,192],{"class":75},[61,76049,75702],{"class":67},[61,76051,192],{"class":75},[61,76053,75705],{"class":67},[61,76055,943],{"class":75},[20,76057,65325],{},[29,76059,76060,76065,76070],{},[32,76061,76062,76064],{},[15,76063,36349],{}," is where slicing begins",[32,76066,76067,76069],{},[15,76068,75702],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[32,76071,76072,76074],{},[15,76073,75705],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76076,76077],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[29,76079,76080,76086,76091],{},[32,76081,76082,76083,76085],{},"Missing ",[15,76084,36349],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[32,76087,76082,76088,76090],{},[15,76089,75702],{}," means go to the end of the list",[32,76092,76082,76093,76095,76096],{},[15,76094,75705],{}," means use ",[15,76097,80],{},[20,76099,368],{},[52,76101,76103],{"className":54,"code":76102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76104,76105,76133,76137,76158,76175,76193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76108,900],{"class":67},[61,76110,72],{"class":71},[61,76112,926],{"class":75},[61,76114,2613],{"class":79},[61,76116,83],{"class":75},[61,76118,8072],{"class":79},[61,76120,83],{"class":75},[61,76122,8077],{"class":79},[61,76124,83],{"class":75},[61,76126,51125],{"class":79},[61,76128,83],{"class":75},[61,76130,5360],{"class":79},[61,76132,943],{"class":75},[61,76134,76135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76136,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,76138,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76140,160],{"class":159},[61,76142,147],{"class":75},[61,76144,3929],{"class":143},[61,76146,4182],{"class":75},[61,76148,80],{"class":79},[61,76150,192],{"class":75},[61,76152,788],{"class":79},[61,76154,20725],{"class":75},[61,76156,76157],{"class":173},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[61,76159,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76161,160],{"class":159},[61,76163,147],{"class":75},[61,76165,3929],{"class":143},[61,76167,75811],{"class":75},[61,76169,107],{"class":79},[61,76171,20725],{"class":75},[61,76173,76174],{"class":173},"    # start from the beginning\n",[61,76176,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76190],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,76178,160],{"class":159},[61,76180,147],{"class":75},[61,76182,3929],{"class":143},[61,76184,4182],{"class":75},[61,76186,301],{"class":79},[61,76188,76189],{"class":75},":])",[61,76191,76192],{"class":173},"    # go to the end\n",[61,76194,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,76196,160],{"class":159},[61,76198,147],{"class":75},[61,76200,3929],{"class":143},[61,76202,74398],{"class":75},[61,76204,80],{"class":79},[61,76206,20725],{"class":75},[61,76208,76209],{"class":173},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76211,1598],{},[52,76213,76215],{"className":54,"code":76214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76216,76217,76233,76249,76265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76218,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76220,4182],{"class":75},[61,76222,16033],{"class":79},[61,76224,83],{"class":75},[61,76226,8077],{"class":79},[61,76228,83],{"class":75},[61,76230,51125],{"class":79},[61,76232,943],{"class":75},[61,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76236,4182],{"class":75},[61,76238,2613],{"class":79},[61,76240,83],{"class":75},[61,76242,8072],{"class":79},[61,76244,83],{"class":75},[61,76246,8077],{"class":79},[61,76248,943],{"class":75},[61,76250,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76252,4182],{"class":75},[61,76254,37118],{"class":79},[61,76256,83],{"class":75},[61,76258,51125],{"class":79},[61,76260,83],{"class":75},[61,76262,5360],{"class":79},[61,76264,943],{"class":75},[61,76266,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76268,4182],{"class":75},[61,76270,2613],{"class":79},[61,76272,83],{"class":75},[61,76274,8072],{"class":79},[61,76276,83],{"class":75},[61,76278,8077],{"class":79},[61,76280,83],{"class":75},[61,76282,51125],{"class":79},[61,76284,83],{"class":75},[61,76286,5360],{"class":79},[61,76288,943],{"class":75},[47,76290,76292],{"id":76291},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76294,76295],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[29,76297,76298,76307,76316,76327,76333],{},[32,76299,76300,76303,76304,6246],{},[15,76301,76302],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76305,76306],{},"n",[32,76308,76309,76312,76313,76315],{},[15,76310,76311],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76314,76306],{}," to the end",[32,76317,76318,76321,76322,76324,76325],{},[15,76319,76320],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76323,214],{}," up to ",[15,76326,329],{},[32,76328,76329,76332],{},[15,76330,76331],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[32,76334,76335,76338],{},[15,76336,76337],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76340,368],{},[52,76342,76344],{"className":54,"code":76343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76345,76346,76379,76383,76400,76417,76438,76455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76347,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76349,900],{"class":67},[61,76351,72],{"class":71},[61,76353,926],{"class":75},[61,76355,2613],{"class":79},[61,76357,83],{"class":75},[61,76359,8072],{"class":79},[61,76361,83],{"class":75},[61,76363,8077],{"class":79},[61,76365,83],{"class":75},[61,76367,51125],{"class":79},[61,76369,83],{"class":75},[61,76371,5360],{"class":79},[61,76373,83],{"class":75},[61,76375,76376],{"class":79}," 60",[61,76378,943],{"class":75},[61,76380,76381],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76382,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,76384,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76386,160],{"class":159},[61,76388,147],{"class":75},[61,76390,3929],{"class":143},[61,76392,75811],{"class":75},[61,76394,107],{"class":79},[61,76396,20725],{"class":75},[61,76398,76399],{"class":173},"    # first 3 items\n",[61,76401,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76403,160],{"class":159},[61,76405,147],{"class":75},[61,76407,3929],{"class":143},[61,76409,4182],{"class":75},[61,76411,107],{"class":79},[61,76413,76189],{"class":75},[61,76415,76416],{"class":173},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[61,76418,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,76420,160],{"class":159},[61,76422,147],{"class":75},[61,76424,3929],{"class":143},[61,76426,4182],{"class":75},[61,76428,80],{"class":79},[61,76430,192],{"class":75},[61,76432,1013],{"class":79},[61,76434,20725],{"class":75},[61,76436,76437],{"class":173},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[61,76439,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,76441,160],{"class":159},[61,76443,147],{"class":75},[61,76445,3929],{"class":143},[61,76447,74398],{"class":75},[61,76449,301],{"class":79},[61,76451,20725],{"class":75},[61,76453,76454],{"class":173},"   # every second item\n",[61,76456,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,76458,160],{"class":159},[61,76460,147],{"class":75},[61,76462,3929],{"class":143},[61,76464,74398],{"class":75},[61,76466,2308],{"class":71},[61,76468,80],{"class":79},[61,76470,20725],{"class":75},[61,76472,76473],{"class":173},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76475,1598],{},[52,76477,76479],{"className":54,"code":76478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76480,76481,76497,76513,76533,76549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76482,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76484,4182],{"class":75},[61,76486,2613],{"class":79},[61,76488,83],{"class":75},[61,76490,8072],{"class":79},[61,76492,83],{"class":75},[61,76494,8077],{"class":79},[61,76496,943],{"class":75},[61,76498,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76500,4182],{"class":75},[61,76502,56976],{"class":79},[61,76504,83],{"class":75},[61,76506,5360],{"class":79},[61,76508,83],{"class":75},[61,76510,76376],{"class":79},[61,76512,943],{"class":75},[61,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76516,4182],{"class":75},[61,76518,16033],{"class":79},[61,76520,83],{"class":75},[61,76522,8077],{"class":79},[61,76524,83],{"class":75},[61,76526,51125],{"class":79},[61,76528,83],{"class":75},[61,76530,5360],{"class":79},[61,76532,943],{"class":75},[61,76534,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76536,4182],{"class":75},[61,76538,2613],{"class":79},[61,76540,83],{"class":75},[61,76542,8077],{"class":79},[61,76544,83],{"class":75},[61,76546,5360],{"class":79},[61,76548,943],{"class":75},[61,76550,76551,76553,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,76552,4182],{"class":75},[61,76554,76555],{"class":79},"60",[61,76557,83],{"class":75},[61,76559,5360],{"class":79},[61,76561,83],{"class":75},[61,76563,51125],{"class":79},[61,76565,83],{"class":75},[61,76567,8077],{"class":79},[61,76569,83],{"class":75},[61,76571,8072],{"class":79},[61,76573,83],{"class":75},[61,76575,6285],{"class":79},[61,76577,943],{"class":75},[20,76579,76580,76581,140],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[214,76582,15169],{"href":57502},[47,76584,76586],{"id":76585},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76588,76589],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76591,5752],{},[29,76593,76594,76600],{},[32,76595,76596,76599],{},[15,76597,76598],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[32,76601,76602,76605],{},[15,76603,76604],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76607,76608],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[52,76610,76612],{"className":54,"code":76611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76613,76614,76662,76666,76685,76704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76615,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76617,1028],{"class":67},[61,76619,72],{"class":71},[61,76621,926],{"class":75},[61,76623,504],{"class":503},[61,76625,214],{"class":507},[61,76627,504],{"class":503},[61,76629,83],{"class":75},[61,76631,515],{"class":503},[61,76633,329],{"class":507},[61,76635,504],{"class":503},[61,76637,83],{"class":75},[61,76639,515],{"class":503},[61,76641,1071],{"class":507},[61,76643,504],{"class":503},[61,76645,83],{"class":75},[61,76647,515],{"class":503},[61,76649,1080],{"class":507},[61,76651,504],{"class":503},[61,76653,83],{"class":75},[61,76655,515],{"class":503},[61,76657,60730],{"class":507},[61,76659,504],{"class":503},[61,76661,943],{"class":75},[61,76663,76664],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76665,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,76667,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76669,160],{"class":159},[61,76671,147],{"class":75},[61,76673,36419],{"class":143},[61,76675,4182],{"class":75},[61,76677,2308],{"class":71},[61,76679,80],{"class":79},[61,76681,20725],{"class":75},[61,76683,76684],{"class":173},"    # last item\n",[61,76686,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76688,160],{"class":159},[61,76690,147],{"class":75},[61,76692,36419],{"class":143},[61,76694,4182],{"class":75},[61,76696,2308],{"class":71},[61,76698,107],{"class":79},[61,76700,76189],{"class":75},[61,76702,76703],{"class":173},"   # last 3 items\n",[61,76705,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,76707,160],{"class":159},[61,76709,147],{"class":75},[61,76711,36419],{"class":143},[61,76713,75811],{"class":75},[61,76715,2308],{"class":71},[61,76717,80],{"class":79},[61,76719,20725],{"class":75},[61,76721,76722],{"class":173},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76724,1598],{},[52,76726,76728],{"className":54,"code":76727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76729,76730,76735,76763],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76731,76732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76733,76734],{"class":67},"e\n",[61,76736,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76738,4182],{"class":75},[61,76740,630],{"class":503},[61,76742,1071],{"class":507},[61,76744,630],{"class":503},[61,76746,83],{"class":75},[61,76748,639],{"class":503},[61,76750,1080],{"class":507},[61,76752,630],{"class":503},[61,76754,83],{"class":75},[61,76756,639],{"class":503},[61,76758,60730],{"class":507},[61,76760,630],{"class":503},[61,76762,943],{"class":75},[61,76764,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76766,4182],{"class":75},[61,76768,630],{"class":503},[61,76770,214],{"class":507},[61,76772,630],{"class":503},[61,76774,83],{"class":75},[61,76776,639],{"class":503},[61,76778,329],{"class":507},[61,76780,630],{"class":503},[61,76782,83],{"class":75},[61,76784,639],{"class":503},[61,76786,1071],{"class":507},[61,76788,630],{"class":503},[61,76790,83],{"class":75},[61,76792,639],{"class":503},[61,76794,1080],{"class":507},[61,76796,630],{"class":503},[61,76798,943],{"class":75},[20,76800,254],{},[29,76802,76803,76806,76810,76816,76822],{},[32,76804,76805],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[32,76807,76808,76599],{},[15,76809,76598],{},[32,76811,76812,76815],{},[15,76813,76814],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[32,76817,76818,76821],{},[15,76819,76820],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[32,76823,76824,76825,700,76827],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76826,36349],{},[15,76828,75702],{},[47,76830,76832],{"id":76831},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76834,2266,76835,76837],{},[15,76836,75705],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[29,76839,76840,76843,76846,76851,76861],{},[32,76841,76842],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[32,76844,76845],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[32,76847,76848,76850],{},[15,76849,76337],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[32,76852,9158,76853,76855,76856,76858,76859],{},[15,76854,75705],{}," is negative, ",[15,76857,36349],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76860,75702],{},[32,76862,76863,76865,76866],{},[15,76864,75705],{}," cannot be ",[15,76867,2405],{},[20,76869,76870],{},"Example with different step values:",[52,76872,76874],{"className":54,"code":76873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76875,76876,76908,76912,76929,76951,76970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76877,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76879,900],{"class":67},[61,76881,72],{"class":71},[61,76883,926],{"class":75},[61,76885,2613],{"class":79},[61,76887,83],{"class":75},[61,76889,8072],{"class":79},[61,76891,83],{"class":75},[61,76893,8077],{"class":79},[61,76895,83],{"class":75},[61,76897,51125],{"class":79},[61,76899,83],{"class":75},[61,76901,5360],{"class":79},[61,76903,83],{"class":75},[61,76905,76376],{"class":79},[61,76907,943],{"class":75},[61,76909,76910],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76911,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,76913,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,76915,160],{"class":159},[61,76917,147],{"class":75},[61,76919,3929],{"class":143},[61,76921,74398],{"class":75},[61,76923,301],{"class":79},[61,76925,20725],{"class":75},[61,76927,76928],{"class":173},"     # every second item\n",[61,76930,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76944,76946,76948],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,76932,160],{"class":159},[61,76934,147],{"class":75},[61,76936,3929],{"class":143},[61,76938,4182],{"class":75},[61,76940,80],{"class":79},[61,76942,76943],{"class":75},"::",[61,76945,301],{"class":79},[61,76947,20725],{"class":75},[61,76949,76950],{"class":173},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[61,76952,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,76954,160],{"class":159},[61,76956,147],{"class":75},[61,76958,3929],{"class":143},[61,76960,74398],{"class":75},[61,76962,2308],{"class":71},[61,76964,80],{"class":79},[61,76966,20725],{"class":75},[61,76968,76969],{"class":173},"    # reverse the list\n",[61,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,76973,160],{"class":159},[61,76975,147],{"class":75},[61,76977,3929],{"class":143},[61,76979,4182],{"class":75},[61,76981,788],{"class":79},[61,76983,192],{"class":75},[61,76985,80],{"class":79},[61,76987,192],{"class":75},[61,76989,2308],{"class":71},[61,76991,80],{"class":79},[61,76993,20725],{"class":75},[61,76995,76996],{"class":173},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76998,1598],{},[52,77000,77002],{"className":54,"code":77001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77003,77004,77020,77036,77064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77005,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77007,4182],{"class":75},[61,77009,2613],{"class":79},[61,77011,83],{"class":75},[61,77013,8077],{"class":79},[61,77015,83],{"class":75},[61,77017,5360],{"class":79},[61,77019,943],{"class":75},[61,77021,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77023,4182],{"class":75},[61,77025,16033],{"class":79},[61,77027,83],{"class":75},[61,77029,51125],{"class":79},[61,77031,83],{"class":75},[61,77033,76376],{"class":79},[61,77035,943],{"class":75},[61,77037,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77039,4182],{"class":75},[61,77041,76555],{"class":79},[61,77043,83],{"class":75},[61,77045,5360],{"class":79},[61,77047,83],{"class":75},[61,77049,51125],{"class":79},[61,77051,83],{"class":75},[61,77053,8077],{"class":79},[61,77055,83],{"class":75},[61,77057,8072],{"class":79},[61,77059,83],{"class":75},[61,77061,6285],{"class":79},[61,77063,943],{"class":75},[61,77065,77066,77068,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,77067,4182],{"class":75},[61,77069,77070],{"class":79},"50",[61,77072,83],{"class":75},[61,77074,51125],{"class":79},[61,77076,83],{"class":75},[61,77078,8077],{"class":79},[61,77080,943],{"class":75},[20,77082,77083,77084,140],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[214,77085,77086],{"href":75082},"how to reverse a list in Python",[887,77088,77090],{"id":77089},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77092,1904],{},[52,77094,77096],{"className":54,"code":77095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77097,77098,77118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77099,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77101,900],{"class":67},[61,77103,72],{"class":71},[61,77105,926],{"class":75},[61,77107,80],{"class":79},[61,77109,83],{"class":75},[61,77111,86],{"class":79},[61,77113,83],{"class":75},[61,77115,91],{"class":79},[61,77117,943],{"class":75},[61,77119,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77121,160],{"class":159},[61,77123,147],{"class":75},[61,77125,3929],{"class":143},[61,77127,74398],{"class":75},[61,77129,2405],{"class":79},[61,77131,1887],{"class":75},[20,77133,77134,77135,77137,77138,77140],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77136,40982],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77139,2405],{}," does not make sense.",[47,77142,77144],{"id":77143},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77146,77147],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[887,77149,77151],{"id":77150},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[52,77153,77155],{"className":54,"code":77154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77156,77157,77181,77185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77158,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77160,900],{"class":67},[61,77162,72],{"class":71},[61,77164,926],{"class":75},[61,77166,2613],{"class":79},[61,77168,83],{"class":75},[61,77170,8072],{"class":79},[61,77172,83],{"class":75},[61,77174,8077],{"class":79},[61,77176,83],{"class":75},[61,77178,51125],{"class":79},[61,77180,943],{"class":75},[61,77182,77183],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77184,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77186,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77188,160],{"class":159},[61,77190,147],{"class":75},[61,77192,3929],{"class":143},[61,77194,4182],{"class":75},[61,77196,301],{"class":79},[61,77198,1887],{"class":75},[20,77200,1598],{},[52,77202,77203],{"className":54,"code":70117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,77204,77205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77206,77207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77208,70117],{"class":79},[887,77210,77212],{"id":77211},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[52,77214,77216],{"className":54,"code":77215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77217,77218,77242,77246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77219,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77221,900],{"class":67},[61,77223,72],{"class":71},[61,77225,926],{"class":75},[61,77227,2613],{"class":79},[61,77229,83],{"class":75},[61,77231,8072],{"class":79},[61,77233,83],{"class":75},[61,77235,8077],{"class":79},[61,77237,83],{"class":75},[61,77239,51125],{"class":79},[61,77241,943],{"class":75},[61,77243,77244],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77245,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77247,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77249,160],{"class":159},[61,77251,147],{"class":75},[61,77253,3929],{"class":143},[61,77255,4182],{"class":75},[61,77257,301],{"class":79},[61,77259,192],{"class":75},[61,77261,107],{"class":79},[61,77263,1887],{"class":75},[20,77265,1598],{},[52,77267,77269],{"className":54,"code":77268,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30]\n",[15,77270,77271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77272,77273,77275,77277],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77274,4182],{"class":75},[61,77276,37118],{"class":79},[61,77278,943],{"class":75},[20,77280,14043],{},[29,77282,77283,77289],{},[32,77284,77285,77288],{},[15,77286,77287],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[32,77290,77291,77294],{},[15,77292,77293],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77296,77297],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[29,77299,77300,77303],{},[32,77301,77302],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[32,77304,77305],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77307,368],{},[52,77309,77311],{"className":54,"code":77310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77312,77313,77333,77337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77314,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77316,900],{"class":67},[61,77318,72],{"class":71},[61,77320,926],{"class":75},[61,77322,2613],{"class":79},[61,77324,83],{"class":75},[61,77326,8072],{"class":79},[61,77328,83],{"class":75},[61,77330,8077],{"class":79},[61,77332,943],{"class":75},[61,77334,77335],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77336,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77340,160],{"class":159},[61,77342,147],{"class":75},[61,77344,3929],{"class":143},[61,77346,4182],{"class":75},[61,77348,1013],{"class":79},[61,77350,192],{"class":75},[61,77352,2613],{"class":79},[61,77354,1887],{"class":75},[20,77356,1598],{},[52,77358,77359],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,77360,77361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77362,77363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77364,38574],{"class":75},[20,77366,77367],{},"But this would raise an error:",[52,77369,77371],{"className":54,"code":77370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77372,77373,77393,77397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77374,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77376,900],{"class":67},[61,77378,72],{"class":71},[61,77380,926],{"class":75},[61,77382,2613],{"class":79},[61,77384,83],{"class":75},[61,77386,8072],{"class":79},[61,77388,83],{"class":75},[61,77390,8077],{"class":79},[61,77392,943],{"class":75},[61,77394,77395],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77396,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77398,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77400,160],{"class":159},[61,77402,147],{"class":75},[61,77404,3929],{"class":143},[61,77406,4182],{"class":75},[61,77408,1013],{"class":79},[61,77410,1887],{"class":75},[20,77412,77413,77414,140],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[214,77415,69536],{"href":69535},[47,77417,15457],{"id":77418},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77420,77421],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[29,77423,77424,77428,77430,77433,77439],{},[32,77425,4983,77426,76017],{},[15,77427,75702],{},[32,77429,60975],{},[32,77431,77432],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[32,77434,37480,77435,2020,77437],{},[15,77436,76337],{},[15,77438,73802],{},[32,77440,77441,77442,77444],{},"Using step ",[15,77443,2405],{},", which causes an error",[887,77446,77448],{"id":77447},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[52,77450,77452],{"className":54,"code":77451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77453,77454,77482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77455,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77457,900],{"class":67},[61,77459,72],{"class":71},[61,77461,926],{"class":75},[61,77463,2613],{"class":79},[61,77465,83],{"class":75},[61,77467,8072],{"class":79},[61,77469,83],{"class":75},[61,77471,8077],{"class":79},[61,77473,83],{"class":75},[61,77475,51125],{"class":79},[61,77477,83],{"class":75},[61,77479,5360],{"class":79},[61,77481,943],{"class":75},[61,77483,77484,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77485,160],{"class":159},[61,77487,147],{"class":75},[61,77489,3929],{"class":143},[61,77491,4182],{"class":75},[61,77493,80],{"class":79},[61,77495,192],{"class":75},[61,77497,788],{"class":79},[61,77499,1887],{"class":75},[20,77501,77502],{},"This returns:",[52,77504,77506],{"className":54,"code":77505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77507,77508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77511,4182],{"class":75},[61,77513,16033],{"class":79},[61,77515,83],{"class":75},[61,77517,8077],{"class":79},[61,77519,83],{"class":75},[61,77521,51125],{"class":79},[61,77523,943],{"class":75},[20,77525,41184,77526,77528,77529,77531,77532,140],{},[39,77527,4909],{}," include ",[15,77530,77070],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77533,788],{},[887,77535,77537],{"id":77536},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77539,16923],{},[52,77541,77543],{"className":54,"code":77542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77544,77545,77565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77546,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77548,900],{"class":67},[61,77550,72],{"class":71},[61,77552,926],{"class":75},[61,77554,2613],{"class":79},[61,77556,83],{"class":75},[61,77558,8072],{"class":79},[61,77560,83],{"class":75},[61,77562,8077],{"class":79},[61,77564,943],{"class":75},[61,77566,77567],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77568,77569],{"class":173},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77571,77572],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[52,77574,77576],{"className":54,"code":77575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77577,77578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77579,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77581,160],{"class":159},[61,77583,147],{"class":75},[61,77585,3929],{"class":143},[61,77587,4182],{"class":75},[61,77589,80],{"class":79},[61,77591,192],{"class":75},[61,77593,107],{"class":79},[61,77595,1887],{"class":75},[887,77597,77599],{"id":77598},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77601,77602],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[52,77604,77606],{"className":54,"code":77605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77607,77608,77632,77646,77650,77660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77609,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77611,900],{"class":67},[61,77613,72],{"class":71},[61,77615,926],{"class":75},[61,77617,2613],{"class":79},[61,77619,83],{"class":75},[61,77621,8072],{"class":79},[61,77623,83],{"class":75},[61,77625,8077],{"class":79},[61,77627,83],{"class":75},[61,77629,51125],{"class":79},[61,77631,943],{"class":75},[61,77633,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77635,75935],{"class":67},[61,77637,72],{"class":71},[61,77639,956],{"class":67},[61,77641,75811],{"class":75},[61,77643,301],{"class":79},[61,77645,943],{"class":75},[61,77647,77648],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77649,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77651,77652,77654,77656,77658],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,77653,160],{"class":159},[61,77655,147],{"class":75},[61,77657,75958],{"class":143},[61,77659,153],{"class":75},[61,77661,77662,77664,77666,77668],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,77663,160],{"class":159},[61,77665,147],{"class":75},[61,77667,3929],{"class":143},[61,77669,153],{"class":75},[20,77671,1598],{},[52,77673,77675],{"className":54,"code":77674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77676,77677,77689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77678,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77680,4182],{"class":75},[61,77682,2613],{"class":79},[61,77684,83],{"class":75},[61,77686,8072],{"class":79},[61,77688,943],{"class":75},[61,77690,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77692,4182],{"class":75},[61,77694,2613],{"class":79},[61,77696,83],{"class":75},[61,77698,8072],{"class":79},[61,77700,83],{"class":75},[61,77702,8077],{"class":79},[61,77704,83],{"class":75},[61,77706,51125],{"class":79},[61,77708,943],{"class":75},[20,77710,77711],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[887,77713,77715,77716,2020,77718],{"id":77714},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77717,76337],{},[15,77719,73802],{},[52,77721,77723],{"className":54,"code":77722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77724,77725,77745,77749,77766,77777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77726,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77728,900],{"class":67},[61,77730,72],{"class":71},[61,77732,926],{"class":75},[61,77734,2613],{"class":79},[61,77736,83],{"class":75},[61,77738,8072],{"class":79},[61,77740,83],{"class":75},[61,77742,8077],{"class":79},[61,77744,943],{"class":75},[61,77746,77747],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77748,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,77750,77751,77754,77756,77758,77760,77762,77764],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77752,77753],{"class":67},"reversed_copy ",[61,77755,72],{"class":71},[61,77757,956],{"class":67},[61,77759,74398],{"class":75},[61,77761,2308],{"class":71},[61,77763,80],{"class":79},[61,77765,943],{"class":75},[61,77767,77768,77770,77772,77775],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,77769,160],{"class":159},[61,77771,147],{"class":75},[61,77773,77774],{"class":143},"reversed_copy",[61,77776,153],{"class":75},[61,77778,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,77780,160],{"class":159},[61,77782,147],{"class":75},[61,77784,3929],{"class":143},[61,77786,153],{"class":75},[20,77788,1598],{},[52,77790,77792],{"className":54,"code":77791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77793,77794,77810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77795,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77797,4182],{"class":75},[61,77799,37118],{"class":79},[61,77801,83],{"class":75},[61,77803,8072],{"class":79},[61,77805,83],{"class":75},[61,77807,6285],{"class":79},[61,77809,943],{"class":75},[61,77811,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77813,4182],{"class":75},[61,77815,2613],{"class":79},[61,77817,83],{"class":75},[61,77819,8072],{"class":79},[61,77821,83],{"class":75},[61,77823,8077],{"class":79},[61,77825,943],{"class":75},[20,77827,77828,77831],{},[15,77829,77830],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77833,77834,77835,77838],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77836,77837],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[887,77840,77842],{"id":77841},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77844,77845],{},"This is not allowed:",[52,77847,77849],{"className":54,"code":77848,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77850,77851,77871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77852,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77854,900],{"class":67},[61,77856,72],{"class":71},[61,77858,926],{"class":75},[61,77860,2613],{"class":79},[61,77862,83],{"class":75},[61,77864,8072],{"class":79},[61,77866,83],{"class":75},[61,77868,8077],{"class":79},[61,77870,943],{"class":75},[61,77872,77873],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77874,77875],{"class":173},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77877,77878,77879,140],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77880,40982],{},[47,77882,77884],{"id":77883},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77886,77887],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[29,77889,77890,77897,77903,77906,77909],{},[32,77891,37480,77892,700,77894,77896],{},[15,77893,36349],{},[15,77895,75702],{}," positions",[32,77898,77899,77900,77902],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77901,75702],{}," index is included",[32,77904,77905],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[32,77907,77908],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[32,77910,77911],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77913,77914],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[52,77916,77918],{"className":54,"code":77917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77919,77920,77930,77944,77962,77976,77993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77921,77922,77924,77926,77928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77923,160],{"class":159},[61,77925,147],{"class":75},[61,77927,8623],{"class":143},[61,77929,153],{"class":75},[61,77931,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77933,160],{"class":159},[61,77935,147],{"class":75},[61,77937,11442],{"class":159},[61,77939,147],{"class":75},[61,77941,8623],{"class":143},[61,77943,1761],{"class":75},[61,77945,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,77947,160],{"class":159},[61,77949,147],{"class":75},[61,77951,8623],{"class":143},[61,77953,4182],{"class":75},[61,77955,80],{"class":79},[61,77957,192],{"class":75},[61,77959,788],{"class":79},[61,77961,1887],{"class":75},[61,77963,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,77965,160],{"class":159},[61,77967,147],{"class":75},[61,77969,8623],{"class":143},[61,77971,75811],{"class":75},[61,77973,107],{"class":79},[61,77975,1887],{"class":75},[61,77977,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,77979,160],{"class":159},[61,77981,147],{"class":75},[61,77983,8623],{"class":143},[61,77985,4182],{"class":75},[61,77987,2308],{"class":71},[61,77989,107],{"class":79},[61,77991,77992],{"class":75},":])\n",[61,77994,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,77996,160],{"class":159},[61,77998,147],{"class":75},[61,78000,8623],{"class":143},[61,78002,74398],{"class":75},[61,78004,2308],{"class":71},[61,78006,80],{"class":79},[61,78008,1887],{"class":75},[20,78010,716,78011,78013,78014,78018],{},[15,78012,42639],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[214,78015,78017],{"href":78016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[47,78020,2109],{"id":2108},[887,78022,78024],{"id":78023},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78026,78027],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[887,78029,78031],{"id":78030},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78033,78034],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[887,78036,5422,78038,40238],{"id":78037},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78039,76337],{},[20,78041,78042],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[887,78044,78046,78047,2159],{"id":78045},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78048,71007],{},[20,78050,78051],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[47,78053,2172],{"id":2171},[29,78055,78056,78061,78066,78070,78074,78078],{},[32,78057,78058],{},[214,78059,78060],{"href":51261},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[32,78062,78063],{},[214,78064,78065],{"href":57436},"How to create a list in Python",[32,78067,78068],{},[214,78069,15245],{"href":57502},[32,78071,78072],{},[214,78073,75083],{"href":75082},[32,78075,78076],{},[214,78077,78017],{"href":78016},[32,78079,78080],{},[214,78081,69536],{"href":69535},[20,78083,78084,78085,78087],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78086,42639],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2204,78089,78090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":78092},[78093,78094,78095,78096,78097,78098,78101,78105,78113,78114,78122],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":75866,"depth":97,"text":75867},{"id":76029,"depth":97,"text":76030},{"id":76291,"depth":97,"text":76292},{"id":76585,"depth":97,"text":76586},{"id":76831,"depth":97,"text":76832,"children":78099},[78100],{"id":77089,"depth":122,"text":77090},{"id":77143,"depth":97,"text":77144,"children":78102},[78103,78104],{"id":77150,"depth":122,"text":77151},{"id":77211,"depth":122,"text":77212},{"id":77418,"depth":97,"text":15457,"children":78106},[78107,78108,78109,78110,78112],{"id":77447,"depth":122,"text":77448},{"id":77536,"depth":122,"text":77537},{"id":77598,"depth":122,"text":77599},{"id":77714,"depth":122,"text":78111},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77841,"depth":122,"text":77842},{"id":77883,"depth":97,"text":77884},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":78115},[78116,78117,78118,78120],{"id":78023,"depth":122,"text":78024},{"id":78030,"depth":122,"text":78031},{"id":78037,"depth":122,"text":78119},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78045,"depth":122,"text":78121},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75689,"description":78123},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78130,"title":78131,"body":78132,"description":80201,"extension":2249,"meta":80202,"navigation":125,"path":80203,"seo":80204,"stem":80205,"__hash__":80206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78133,"toc":80167},[78134,78139,78145,78151,78153,78200,78207,78212,78216,78231,78234,78287,78289,78314,78319,78321,78353,78356,78372,78374,78435,78437,78462,78466,78471,78524,78526,78551,78556,78617,78619,78644,78647,78654,78658,78661,78722,78724,78757,78760,78821,78823,78856,78862,78935,78937,78969,78976,78981,78986,78988,79000,79003,79081,79083,79124,79127,79201,79203,79236,79241,79248,79255,79259,79268,79272,79280,79282,79349,79351,79387,79392,79403,79405,79410,79415,79417,79480,79482,79507,79514,79519,79523,79526,79566,79571,79577,79582,79584,79611,79616,79619,79666,79668,79725,79732,79737,79743,79812,79816,79819,79882,79884,79917,79922,79924,79927,80008,80010,80034,80040,80042,80047,80051,80058,80066,80070,80072,80095,80099,80101,80128,80131,80138,80141,80143,80164],[10,78135,54625,78137,18],{"id":78136},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78138,64591],{},[20,78140,78141,78144],{},[15,78142,78143],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78146,78147,78148,78150],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78149,64591],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[47,78152,50],{"id":49},[52,78154,78156],{"className":54,"code":78155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78157,78158,78178,78188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78159,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78161,900],{"class":67},[61,78163,72],{"class":71},[61,78165,926],{"class":75},[61,78167,107],{"class":79},[61,78169,83],{"class":75},[61,78171,1720],{"class":79},[61,78173,83],{"class":75},[61,78175,86],{"class":79},[61,78177,943],{"class":75},[61,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78181,3929],{"class":67},[61,78183,140],{"class":75},[61,78185,35074],{"class":143},[61,78187,8926],{"class":75},[61,78189,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78191,160],{"class":159},[61,78193,147],{"class":75},[61,78195,3929],{"class":143},[61,78197,442],{"class":75},[61,78199,55215],{"class":173},[20,78201,1503,78202,78204,78205,140],{},[15,78203,78143],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78206,4058],{},[47,78208,184,78210,187],{"id":78209},"what-listsort-does",[15,78211,78143],{},[20,78213,78214,192],{},[15,78215,78143],{},[29,78217,78218,78221,78224,78228],{},[32,78219,78220],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[32,78222,78223],{},"Changes the original list",[32,78225,11704,78226],{},[15,78227,4058],{},[32,78229,78230],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78232,78233],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[52,78235,78237],{"className":54,"code":78236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78238,78239,78263,78273,78277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78242,900],{"class":67},[61,78244,72],{"class":71},[61,78246,926],{"class":75},[61,78248,1013],{"class":79},[61,78250,83],{"class":75},[61,78252,86],{"class":79},[61,78254,83],{"class":75},[61,78256,54419],{"class":79},[61,78258,83],{"class":75},[61,78260,1720],{"class":79},[61,78262,943],{"class":75},[61,78264,78265,78267,78269,78271],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78266,3929],{"class":67},[61,78268,140],{"class":75},[61,78270,35074],{"class":143},[61,78272,8926],{"class":75},[61,78274,78275],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78276,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78278,78279,78281,78283,78285],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78280,160],{"class":159},[61,78282,147],{"class":75},[61,78284,3929],{"class":143},[61,78286,153],{"class":75},[20,78288,1598],{},[52,78290,78292],{"className":54,"code":78291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78293,78294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78295,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78297,4182],{"class":75},[61,78299,80],{"class":79},[61,78301,83],{"class":75},[61,78303,86],{"class":79},[61,78305,83],{"class":75},[61,78307,117],{"class":79},[61,78309,83],{"class":75},[61,78311,54419],{"class":79},[61,78313,943],{"class":75},[20,78315,78316,78317,140],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[214,78318,67354],{"href":51261},[47,78320,221],{"id":220},[52,78322,78324],{"className":54,"code":78323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78325,78326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78327,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78347,78349,78351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78329,8623],{"class":67},[61,78331,140],{"class":75},[61,78333,35074],{"class":143},[61,78335,147],{"class":75},[61,78337,15122],{"class":9459},[61,78339,72],{"class":71},[61,78341,4058],{"class":4133},[61,78343,83],{"class":75},[61,78345,78346],{"class":9459}," reverse",[61,78348,72],{"class":71},[61,78350,3954],{"class":4133},[61,78352,153],{"class":75},[20,78354,78355],{},"Main arguments:",[29,78357,78358,78363,78369],{},[32,78359,78360,78362],{},[15,78361,15122],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[32,78364,78365,78368],{},[15,78366,78367],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[32,78370,78371],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78373,368],{},[52,78375,78377],{"className":54,"code":78376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78378,78379,78403,78421,78425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78380,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78382,900],{"class":67},[61,78384,72],{"class":71},[61,78386,926],{"class":75},[61,78388,788],{"class":79},[61,78390,83],{"class":75},[61,78392,1720],{"class":79},[61,78394,83],{"class":75},[61,78396,6274],{"class":79},[61,78398,83],{"class":75},[61,78400,86],{"class":79},[61,78402,943],{"class":75},[61,78404,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78406,3929],{"class":67},[61,78408,140],{"class":75},[61,78410,35074],{"class":143},[61,78412,147],{"class":75},[61,78414,73853],{"class":9459},[61,78416,72],{"class":71},[61,78418,3885],{"class":4133},[61,78420,153],{"class":75},[61,78422,78423],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78424,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78426,78427,78429,78431,78433],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78428,160],{"class":159},[61,78430,147],{"class":75},[61,78432,3929],{"class":143},[61,78434,153],{"class":75},[20,78436,1598],{},[52,78438,78440],{"className":54,"code":78439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78441,78442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78445,4182],{"class":75},[61,78447,2311],{"class":79},[61,78449,83],{"class":75},[61,78451,112],{"class":79},[61,78453,83],{"class":75},[61,78455,86],{"class":79},[61,78457,83],{"class":75},[61,78459,1720],{"class":79},[61,78461,943],{"class":75},[47,78463,78465],{"id":78464},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78467,1503,78468,78470],{},[15,78469,64591],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[52,78472,78474],{"className":54,"code":78473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78475,78476,78500,78510,78514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78477,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78479,900],{"class":67},[61,78481,72],{"class":71},[61,78483,926],{"class":75},[61,78485,2613],{"class":79},[61,78487,83],{"class":75},[61,78489,91],{"class":79},[61,78491,83],{"class":75},[61,78493,6639],{"class":79},[61,78495,83],{"class":75},[61,78497,1720],{"class":79},[61,78499,943],{"class":75},[61,78501,78502,78504,78506,78508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78503,3929],{"class":67},[61,78505,140],{"class":75},[61,78507,35074],{"class":143},[61,78509,8926],{"class":75},[61,78511,78512],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78513,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78517,160],{"class":159},[61,78519,147],{"class":75},[61,78521,3929],{"class":143},[61,78523,153],{"class":75},[20,78525,1598],{},[52,78527,78529],{"className":54,"code":78528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78530,78531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78532,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78534,4182],{"class":75},[61,78536,80],{"class":79},[61,78538,83],{"class":75},[61,78540,91],{"class":79},[61,78542,83],{"class":75},[61,78544,6639],{"class":79},[61,78546,83],{"class":75},[61,78548,6285],{"class":79},[61,78550,943],{"class":75},[20,78552,1503,78553,78555],{},[15,78554,78367],{}," for descending order:",[52,78557,78559],{"className":54,"code":78558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78560,78561,78585,78603,78607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78562,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78564,900],{"class":67},[61,78566,72],{"class":71},[61,78568,926],{"class":75},[61,78570,2613],{"class":79},[61,78572,83],{"class":75},[61,78574,91],{"class":79},[61,78576,83],{"class":75},[61,78578,6639],{"class":79},[61,78580,83],{"class":75},[61,78582,1720],{"class":79},[61,78584,943],{"class":75},[61,78586,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78588,3929],{"class":67},[61,78590,140],{"class":75},[61,78592,35074],{"class":143},[61,78594,147],{"class":75},[61,78596,73853],{"class":9459},[61,78598,72],{"class":71},[61,78600,3885],{"class":4133},[61,78602,153],{"class":75},[61,78604,78605],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78606,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78608,78609,78611,78613,78615],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78610,160],{"class":159},[61,78612,147],{"class":75},[61,78614,3929],{"class":143},[61,78616,153],{"class":75},[20,78618,1598],{},[52,78620,78622],{"className":54,"code":78621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78623,78624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78625,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78627,4182],{"class":75},[61,78629,2613],{"class":79},[61,78631,83],{"class":75},[61,78633,6639],{"class":79},[61,78635,83],{"class":75},[61,78637,91],{"class":79},[61,78639,83],{"class":75},[61,78641,1720],{"class":79},[61,78643,943],{"class":75},[20,78645,78646],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78648,78649,78650,140],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[214,78651,78653],{"href":78652},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[47,78655,78657],{"id":78656},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78659,78660],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[52,78662,78664],{"className":54,"code":78663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78665,78666,78698,78708,78712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78667,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78669,1778],{"class":67},[61,78671,72],{"class":71},[61,78673,926],{"class":75},[61,78675,504],{"class":503},[61,78677,518],{"class":507},[61,78679,504],{"class":503},[61,78681,83],{"class":75},[61,78683,515],{"class":503},[61,78685,508],{"class":507},[61,78687,504],{"class":503},[61,78689,83],{"class":75},[61,78691,515],{"class":503},[61,78693,4377],{"class":507},[61,78695,504],{"class":503},[61,78697,943],{"class":75},[61,78699,78700,78702,78704,78706],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78701,4394],{"class":67},[61,78703,140],{"class":75},[61,78705,35074],{"class":143},[61,78707,8926],{"class":75},[61,78709,78710],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78711,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78713,78714,78716,78718,78720],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78715,160],{"class":159},[61,78717,147],{"class":75},[61,78719,4394],{"class":143},[61,78721,153],{"class":75},[20,78723,1598],{},[52,78725,78727],{"className":54,"code":78726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78728,78729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78730,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78732,4182],{"class":75},[61,78734,630],{"class":503},[61,78736,508],{"class":507},[61,78738,630],{"class":503},[61,78740,83],{"class":75},[61,78742,639],{"class":503},[61,78744,518],{"class":507},[61,78746,630],{"class":503},[61,78748,83],{"class":75},[61,78750,639],{"class":503},[61,78752,4377],{"class":507},[61,78754,630],{"class":503},[61,78756,943],{"class":75},[20,78758,78759],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[52,78761,78763],{"className":54,"code":78762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78764,78765,78797,78807,78811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78766,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78768,1778],{"class":67},[61,78770,72],{"class":71},[61,78772,926],{"class":75},[61,78774,504],{"class":503},[61,78776,518],{"class":507},[61,78778,504],{"class":503},[61,78780,83],{"class":75},[61,78782,515],{"class":503},[61,78784,58051],{"class":507},[61,78786,504],{"class":503},[61,78788,83],{"class":75},[61,78790,515],{"class":503},[61,78792,4377],{"class":507},[61,78794,504],{"class":503},[61,78796,943],{"class":75},[61,78798,78799,78801,78803,78805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78800,4394],{"class":67},[61,78802,140],{"class":75},[61,78804,35074],{"class":143},[61,78806,8926],{"class":75},[61,78808,78809],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78810,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78812,78813,78815,78817,78819],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78814,160],{"class":159},[61,78816,147],{"class":75},[61,78818,4394],{"class":143},[61,78820,153],{"class":75},[20,78822,1598],{},[52,78824,78826],{"className":54,"code":78825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78827,78828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78829,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78831,4182],{"class":75},[61,78833,630],{"class":503},[61,78835,58051],{"class":507},[61,78837,630],{"class":503},[61,78839,83],{"class":75},[61,78841,639],{"class":503},[61,78843,518],{"class":507},[61,78845,630],{"class":503},[61,78847,83],{"class":75},[61,78849,639],{"class":503},[61,78851,4377],{"class":507},[61,78853,630],{"class":503},[61,78855,943],{"class":75},[20,78857,78858,78859,192],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78860,78861],{},"key=str.lower",[52,78863,78865],{"className":54,"code":78864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78866,78867,78899,78921,78925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78868,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78870,1778],{"class":67},[61,78872,72],{"class":71},[61,78874,926],{"class":75},[61,78876,504],{"class":503},[61,78878,518],{"class":507},[61,78880,504],{"class":503},[61,78882,83],{"class":75},[61,78884,515],{"class":503},[61,78886,58051],{"class":507},[61,78888,504],{"class":503},[61,78890,83],{"class":75},[61,78892,515],{"class":503},[61,78894,4377],{"class":507},[61,78896,504],{"class":503},[61,78898,943],{"class":75},[61,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78902,4394],{"class":67},[61,78904,140],{"class":75},[61,78906,35074],{"class":143},[61,78908,147],{"class":75},[61,78910,15122],{"class":9459},[61,78912,72],{"class":71},[61,78914,3724],{"class":2071},[61,78916,140],{"class":75},[61,78918,8923],{"class":2103},[61,78920,153],{"class":75},[61,78922,78923],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,78924,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,78926,78927,78929,78931,78933],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,78928,160],{"class":159},[61,78930,147],{"class":75},[61,78932,4394],{"class":143},[61,78934,153],{"class":75},[20,78936,1598],{},[52,78938,78939],{"className":54,"code":78825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,78940,78941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78942,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78944,4182],{"class":75},[61,78946,630],{"class":503},[61,78948,58051],{"class":507},[61,78950,630],{"class":503},[61,78952,83],{"class":75},[61,78954,639],{"class":503},[61,78956,518],{"class":507},[61,78958,630],{"class":503},[61,78960,83],{"class":75},[61,78962,639],{"class":503},[61,78964,4377],{"class":507},[61,78966,630],{"class":503},[61,78968,943],{"class":75},[20,78970,78971,78972,78975],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78973,78974],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[47,78977,36889,78979,36892],{"id":78978},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78980,15122],{},[20,78982,2266,78983,78985],{},[15,78984,15122],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78987,7623],{},[29,78989,78990,78995],{},[32,78991,78992,78994],{},[15,78993,11442],{}," to sort by length",[32,78996,78997,78999],{},[15,78998,78974],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79001,79002],{},"Sort words by length:",[52,79004,79006],{"className":54,"code":79005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79007,79008,79049,79067,79071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79009,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79011,1778],{"class":67},[61,79013,72],{"class":71},[61,79015,926],{"class":75},[61,79017,504],{"class":503},[61,79019,79020],{"class":507},"pear",[61,79022,504],{"class":503},[61,79024,83],{"class":75},[61,79026,515],{"class":503},[61,79028,518],{"class":507},[61,79030,504],{"class":503},[61,79032,83],{"class":75},[61,79034,515],{"class":503},[61,79036,38635],{"class":507},[61,79038,504],{"class":503},[61,79040,83],{"class":75},[61,79042,515],{"class":503},[61,79044,508],{"class":507},[61,79046,504],{"class":503},[61,79048,943],{"class":75},[61,79050,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79052,4394],{"class":67},[61,79054,140],{"class":75},[61,79056,35074],{"class":143},[61,79058,147],{"class":75},[61,79060,15122],{"class":9459},[61,79062,72],{"class":71},[61,79064,11442],{"class":159},[61,79066,153],{"class":75},[61,79068,79069],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79070,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79074,160],{"class":159},[61,79076,147],{"class":75},[61,79078,4394],{"class":143},[61,79080,153],{"class":75},[20,79082,1598],{},[52,79084,79086],{"className":54,"code":79085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79087,79088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79091,4182],{"class":75},[61,79093,630],{"class":503},[61,79095,38635],{"class":507},[61,79097,630],{"class":503},[61,79099,83],{"class":75},[61,79101,639],{"class":503},[61,79103,79020],{"class":507},[61,79105,630],{"class":503},[61,79107,83],{"class":75},[61,79109,639],{"class":503},[61,79111,508],{"class":507},[61,79113,630],{"class":503},[61,79115,83],{"class":75},[61,79117,639],{"class":503},[61,79119,518],{"class":507},[61,79121,630],{"class":503},[61,79123,943],{"class":75},[20,79125,79126],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[52,79128,79130],{"className":54,"code":79129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79131,79132,79165,79187,79191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79161,79163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79135,1778],{"class":67},[61,79137,72],{"class":71},[61,79139,926],{"class":75},[61,79141,504],{"class":503},[61,79143,5292],{"class":507},[61,79145,504],{"class":503},[61,79147,83],{"class":75},[61,79149,515],{"class":503},[61,79151,18083],{"class":507},[61,79153,504],{"class":503},[61,79155,83],{"class":75},[61,79157,515],{"class":503},[61,79159,79160],{"class":507},"Carol",[61,79162,504],{"class":503},[61,79164,943],{"class":75},[61,79166,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79168,4394],{"class":67},[61,79170,140],{"class":75},[61,79172,35074],{"class":143},[61,79174,147],{"class":75},[61,79176,15122],{"class":9459},[61,79178,72],{"class":71},[61,79180,3724],{"class":2071},[61,79182,140],{"class":75},[61,79184,8923],{"class":2103},[61,79186,153],{"class":75},[61,79188,79189],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79190,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79192,79193,79195,79197,79199],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79194,160],{"class":159},[61,79196,147],{"class":75},[61,79198,4394],{"class":143},[61,79200,153],{"class":75},[20,79202,1598],{},[52,79204,79206],{"className":54,"code":79205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79207,79208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79209,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79211,4182],{"class":75},[61,79213,630],{"class":503},[61,79215,18083],{"class":507},[61,79217,630],{"class":503},[61,79219,83],{"class":75},[61,79221,639],{"class":503},[61,79223,5292],{"class":507},[61,79225,630],{"class":503},[61,79227,83],{"class":75},[61,79229,639],{"class":503},[61,79231,79160],{"class":507},[61,79233,630],{"class":503},[61,79235,943],{"class":75},[20,79237,2266,79238,79240],{},[15,79239,15122],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[47,79242,79244,1310,79246],{"id":79243},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79245,78143],{},[15,79247,74700],{},[20,79249,79250,700,79252,79254],{},[15,79251,78143],{},[15,79253,74700],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79256,79257,192],{},[15,79258,78143],{},[29,79260,79261,79264],{},[32,79262,79263],{},"Changes the existing list",[32,79265,11704,79266],{},[15,79267,4058],{},[20,79269,79270,192],{},[15,79271,74700],{},[29,79273,79274,79277],{},[32,79275,79276],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[32,79278,79279],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79281,368],{},[52,79283,79285],{"className":54,"code":79284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79286,79287,79307,79311,79325,79329,79339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79288,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79290,900],{"class":67},[61,79292,72],{"class":71},[61,79294,926],{"class":75},[61,79296,107],{"class":79},[61,79298,83],{"class":75},[61,79300,1720],{"class":79},[61,79302,83],{"class":75},[61,79304,86],{"class":79},[61,79306,943],{"class":75},[61,79308,79309],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79310,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79312,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79314,56173],{"class":67},[61,79316,72],{"class":71},[61,79318,74834],{"class":159},[61,79320,147],{"class":75},[61,79322,3929],{"class":143},[61,79324,153],{"class":75},[61,79326,79327],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79328,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79330,79331,79333,79335,79337],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,79332,160],{"class":159},[61,79334,147],{"class":75},[61,79336,3929],{"class":143},[61,79338,153],{"class":75},[61,79340,79341,79343,79345,79347],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,79342,160],{"class":159},[61,79344,147],{"class":75},[61,79346,74557],{"class":143},[61,79348,153],{"class":75},[20,79350,1598],{},[52,79352,79353],{"className":54,"code":74869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,79354,79355,79371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79356,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79358,4182],{"class":75},[61,79360,107],{"class":79},[61,79362,83],{"class":75},[61,79364,1720],{"class":79},[61,79366,83],{"class":75},[61,79368,86],{"class":79},[61,79370,943],{"class":75},[61,79372,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79374,4182],{"class":75},[61,79376,80],{"class":79},[61,79378,83],{"class":75},[61,79380,86],{"class":79},[61,79382,83],{"class":75},[61,79384,91],{"class":79},[61,79386,943],{"class":75},[20,79388,1503,79389,79391],{},[15,79390,74700],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79393,79394,79395,700,79399,140],{},"You can learn more in ",[214,79396,13,79397,6063],{"href":74797},[15,79398,74700],{},[214,79400,79402],{"href":79401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[47,79404,3111],{"id":3110},[20,79406,79407,79408,140],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79409,78143],{},[887,79411,12875,79413],{"id":79412},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79414,64591],{},[20,79416,25966],{},[52,79418,79420],{"className":54,"code":79419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79421,79422,79442,79456,79460,79470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79425,900],{"class":67},[61,79427,72],{"class":71},[61,79429,926],{"class":75},[61,79431,107],{"class":79},[61,79433,83],{"class":75},[61,79435,1720],{"class":79},[61,79437,83],{"class":75},[61,79439,86],{"class":79},[61,79441,943],{"class":75},[61,79443,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79445,132],{"class":67},[61,79447,72],{"class":71},[61,79449,956],{"class":67},[61,79451,140],{"class":75},[61,79453,35074],{"class":143},[61,79455,8926],{"class":75},[61,79457,79458],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79459,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79461,79462,79464,79466,79468],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79463,160],{"class":159},[61,79465,147],{"class":75},[61,79467,165],{"class":143},[61,79469,153],{"class":75},[61,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,79473,160],{"class":159},[61,79475,147],{"class":75},[61,79477,3929],{"class":143},[61,79479,153],{"class":75},[20,79481,1598],{},[52,79483,79485],{"className":54,"code":79484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79486,79487,79491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79488,79489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79490,12088],{"class":4133},[61,79492,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79494,4182],{"class":75},[61,79496,80],{"class":79},[61,79498,83],{"class":75},[61,79500,86],{"class":79},[61,79502,83],{"class":75},[61,79504,91],{"class":79},[61,79506,943],{"class":75},[20,79508,79509,79511,79512,140],{},[15,79510,64591],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79513,4058],{},[20,79515,79516,79517,6910],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79518,74700],{},[887,79520,79522],{"id":79521},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79524,79525],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[52,79527,79529],{"className":54,"code":79528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79530,79531,79556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79548,79550,79552,79554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79534,8061],{"class":67},[61,79536,72],{"class":71},[61,79538,926],{"class":75},[61,79540,80],{"class":79},[61,79542,83],{"class":75},[61,79544,515],{"class":503},[61,79546,79547],{"class":507},"two",[61,79549,504],{"class":503},[61,79551,83],{"class":75},[61,79553,91],{"class":79},[61,79555,943],{"class":75},[61,79557,79558,79560,79562,79564],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79559,8092],{"class":67},[61,79561,140],{"class":75},[61,79563,35074],{"class":143},[61,79565,8926],{"class":75},[20,79567,3282,79568,79570],{},[15,79569,3285],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[887,79572,4983,79574,79576],{"id":79573},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79575,64591],{}," only works on lists",[20,79578,79579,79581],{},[15,79580,64591],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79583,16923],{},[52,79585,79587],{"className":54,"code":79586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79588,79589,79601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79590,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79592,34962],{"class":67},[61,79594,72],{"class":71},[61,79596,515],{"class":503},[61,79598,56],{"class":507},[61,79600,3639],{"class":503},[61,79602,79603,79605,79607,79609],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79604,34983],{"class":67},[61,79606,140],{"class":75},[61,79608,35074],{"class":143},[61,79610,8926],{"class":75},[20,79612,79613,79614,33875],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79615,64591],{},[20,79617,79618],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[52,79620,79622],{"className":54,"code":79621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79623,79624,79642,79652,79656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79625,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79627,1028],{"class":67},[61,79629,72],{"class":71},[61,79631,22835],{"class":2071},[61,79633,147],{"class":75},[61,79635,504],{"class":503},[61,79637,56],{"class":507},[61,79639,504],{"class":503},[61,79641,153],{"class":75},[61,79643,79644,79646,79648,79650],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79645,36419],{"class":67},[61,79647,140],{"class":75},[61,79649,35074],{"class":143},[61,79651,8926],{"class":75},[61,79653,79654],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79655,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79659,160],{"class":159},[61,79661,147],{"class":75},[61,79663,36419],{"class":143},[61,79665,153],{"class":75},[20,79667,1598],{},[52,79669,79671],{"className":54,"code":79670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79672,79673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79674,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79676,4182],{"class":75},[61,79678,630],{"class":503},[61,79680,60721],{"class":507},[61,79682,630],{"class":503},[61,79684,83],{"class":75},[61,79686,639],{"class":503},[61,79688,76306],{"class":507},[61,79690,630],{"class":503},[61,79692,83],{"class":75},[61,79694,639],{"class":503},[61,79696,60756],{"class":507},[61,79698,630],{"class":503},[61,79700,83],{"class":75},[61,79702,639],{"class":503},[61,79704,20],{"class":507},[61,79706,630],{"class":503},[61,79708,83],{"class":75},[61,79710,639],{"class":503},[61,79712,1276],{"class":507},[61,79714,630],{"class":503},[61,79716,83],{"class":75},[61,79718,639],{"class":503},[61,79720,12025],{"class":507},[61,79722,630],{"class":503},[61,79724,943],{"class":75},[887,79726,79728,79729,79731],{"id":79727},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79730,15122],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79733,79734,79735,140],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79736,15122],{},[20,79738,79739,79740,79742],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79741,64591],{}," will not do that:",[52,79744,79746],{"className":54,"code":79745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79747,79748,79780,79798,79802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79749,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79751,1778],{"class":67},[61,79753,72],{"class":71},[61,79755,926],{"class":75},[61,79757,504],{"class":503},[61,79759,518],{"class":507},[61,79761,504],{"class":503},[61,79763,83],{"class":75},[61,79765,515],{"class":503},[61,79767,38635],{"class":507},[61,79769,504],{"class":503},[61,79771,83],{"class":75},[61,79773,515],{"class":503},[61,79775,508],{"class":507},[61,79777,504],{"class":503},[61,79779,943],{"class":75},[61,79781,79782,79784,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79783,4394],{"class":67},[61,79785,140],{"class":75},[61,79787,35074],{"class":143},[61,79789,147],{"class":75},[61,79791,15122],{"class":9459},[61,79793,72],{"class":71},[61,79795,11442],{"class":159},[61,79797,153],{"class":75},[61,79799,79800],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79801,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79803,79804,79806,79808,79810],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79805,160],{"class":159},[61,79807,147],{"class":75},[61,79809,4394],{"class":143},[61,79811,153],{"class":75},[887,79813,79815],{"id":79814},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79817,79818],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[52,79820,79822],{"className":54,"code":79821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79823,79824,79858,79868,79872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79837,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79854,79856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79827,1778],{"class":67},[61,79829,72],{"class":71},[61,79831,926],{"class":75},[61,79833,504],{"class":503},[61,79835,79836],{"class":507},"zebra",[61,79838,504],{"class":503},[61,79840,83],{"class":75},[61,79842,515],{"class":503},[61,79844,58051],{"class":507},[61,79846,504],{"class":503},[61,79848,83],{"class":75},[61,79850,515],{"class":503},[61,79852,79853],{"class":507},"monkey",[61,79855,504],{"class":503},[61,79857,943],{"class":75},[61,79859,79860,79862,79864,79866],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79861,4394],{"class":67},[61,79863,140],{"class":75},[61,79865,35074],{"class":143},[61,79867,8926],{"class":75},[61,79869,79870],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79871,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,79873,79874,79876,79878,79880],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79875,160],{"class":159},[61,79877,147],{"class":75},[61,79879,4394],{"class":143},[61,79881,153],{"class":75},[20,79883,1598],{},[52,79885,79887],{"className":54,"code":79886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79888,79889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79890,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79892,4182],{"class":75},[61,79894,630],{"class":503},[61,79896,58051],{"class":507},[61,79898,630],{"class":503},[61,79900,83],{"class":75},[61,79902,639],{"class":503},[61,79904,79853],{"class":507},[61,79906,630],{"class":503},[61,79908,83],{"class":75},[61,79910,639],{"class":503},[61,79912,79836],{"class":507},[61,79914,630],{"class":503},[61,79916,943],{"class":75},[20,79918,1503,79919,79921],{},[15,79920,78861],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[887,79923,60993],{"id":60992},[20,79925,79926],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,79928,79930],{"className":54,"code":79929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79931,79932,79942,79956,79970,79984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79933,79934,79936,79938,79940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79935,160],{"class":159},[61,79937,147],{"class":75},[61,79939,8623],{"class":143},[61,79941,153],{"class":75},[61,79943,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79945,160],{"class":159},[61,79947,147],{"class":75},[61,79949,2072],{"class":2071},[61,79951,147],{"class":75},[61,79953,8623],{"class":143},[61,79955,1761],{"class":75},[61,79957,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,79959,160],{"class":159},[61,79961,147],{"class":75},[61,79963,8623],{"class":143},[61,79965,140],{"class":75},[61,79967,35074],{"class":143},[61,79969,7474],{"class":75},[61,79971,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,79973,160],{"class":159},[61,79975,147],{"class":75},[61,79977,74790],{"class":159},[61,79979,147],{"class":75},[61,79981,8623],{"class":143},[61,79983,1761],{"class":75},[61,79985,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,79987,160],{"class":159},[61,79989,1878],{"class":75},[61,79991,2072],{"class":2071},[61,79993,147],{"class":75},[61,79995,23586],{"class":143},[61,79997,442],{"class":75},[61,79999,4159],{"class":4158},[61,80001,6241],{"class":143},[61,80003,4165],{"class":4158},[61,80005,8680],{"class":143},[61,80007,1887],{"class":75},[20,80009,11451],{},[29,80011,80012,80015,80018,80025,80031],{},[32,80013,80014],{},"What values are in the list",[32,80016,80017],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[32,80019,80020,80021,2680,80023],{},"That ",[15,80022,64591],{},[15,80024,4058],{},[32,80026,80027,80028,80030],{},"Whether ",[15,80029,74700],{}," works better for your case",[32,80032,80033],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80035,80036,80037,80039],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80038,3285],{}," problems.",[47,80041,2109],{"id":2108},[887,80043,2113,80045,55752],{"id":80044},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80046,78143],{},[20,80048,62883,80049,140],{},[15,80050,4058],{},[887,80052,2153,80054,700,80056,2159],{"id":80053},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80055,64591],{},[15,80057,74700],{},[20,80059,80060,80062,80063,80065],{},[15,80061,64591],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80064,74700],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[887,80067,80069],{"id":80068},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80071,18974],{},[52,80073,80075],{"className":54,"code":80074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80076,80077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80080,8623],{"class":67},[61,80082,140],{"class":75},[61,80084,35074],{"class":143},[61,80086,147],{"class":75},[61,80088,73853],{"class":9459},[61,80090,72],{"class":71},[61,80092,3885],{"class":4133},[61,80094,153],{"class":75},[887,80096,80098],{"id":80097},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80100,18974],{},[52,80102,80104],{"className":54,"code":80103,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80105,80106],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80107,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80109,8623],{"class":67},[61,80111,140],{"class":75},[61,80113,35074],{"class":143},[61,80115,147],{"class":75},[61,80117,15122],{"class":9459},[61,80119,72],{"class":71},[61,80121,3724],{"class":2071},[61,80123,140],{"class":75},[61,80125,8923],{"class":2103},[61,80127,153],{"class":75},[20,80129,80130],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[887,80132,80134,80135,80137],{"id":80133},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80136,3285],{}," when sorting?",[20,80139,80140],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[47,80142,2172],{"id":2171},[29,80144,80145,80150,80156,80160],{},[32,80146,80147],{},[214,80148,80149],{"href":78652},"How to sort a list in Python",[32,80151,80152],{},[214,80153,13,80154,6063],{"href":74797},[15,80155,74700],{},[32,80157,80158],{},[214,80159,67354],{"href":51261},[32,80161,80162],{},[214,80163,79402],{"href":79401},[2204,80165,80166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":80168},[80169,80170,80172,80173,80174,80175,80177,80179,80190,80200],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":78209,"depth":97,"text":80171},"What list.sort() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":78464,"depth":97,"text":78465},{"id":78656,"depth":97,"text":78657},{"id":78978,"depth":97,"text":80176},"Using the key argument",{"id":79243,"depth":97,"text":80178},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":80180},[80181,80183,80184,80186,80188,80189],{"id":79412,"depth":122,"text":80182},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79521,"depth":122,"text":79522},{"id":79573,"depth":122,"text":80185},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79727,"depth":122,"text":80187},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79814,"depth":122,"text":79815},{"id":60992,"depth":122,"text":60993},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":80191},[80192,80194,80196,80197,80198],{"id":80044,"depth":122,"text":80193},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80053,"depth":122,"text":80195},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80068,"depth":122,"text":80069},{"id":80097,"depth":122,"text":80098},{"id":80133,"depth":122,"text":80199},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78131,"description":80201},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80208,"title":80209,"body":80210,"description":82840,"extension":2249,"meta":82841,"navigation":125,"path":82842,"seo":82843,"stem":82844,"__hash__":82845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80211,"toc":82799},[80212,80217,80222,80225,80236,80239,80259,80261,80323,80325,80366,80375,80380,80385,80391,80402,80404,80423,80426,80431,80436,80438,80443,80457,80459,80477,80480,80497,80500,80506,80529,80534,80536,80539,80600,80602,80635,80637,80676,80684,80694,80700,80705,80798,80800,80824,80826,80844,80847,80878,80884,80889,80892,80894,81019,81021,81045,81047,81066,81072,81078,81197,81199,81216,81223,81229,81234,81241,81247,81249,81306,81309,81330,81333,81336,81397,81399,81432,81436,81506,81508,81525,81529,81532,81607,81609,81646,81649,81652,81723,81725,81786,81791,81796,81799,81813,81815,81888,81890,81910,81913,81916,81973,82035,82038,82070,82073,82088,82093,82095,82101,82103,82159,82162,82164,82183,82187,82189,82233,82242,82244,82304,82308,82311,82313,82406,82408,82523,82527,82529,82603,82606,82609,82611,82616,82681,82683,82707,82717,82719,82725,82734,82743,82752,82758,82761,82765,82768,82770,82796],[10,80213,13,80215,3860],{"id":80214},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80216,39994],{},[20,80218,3863,80219,80221],{},[15,80220,39994],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80223,80224],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[29,80226,80227,80230,80233],{},[32,80228,80229],{},"converting numbers to strings",[32,80231,80232],{},"changing strings to integers",[32,80234,80235],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80237,80238],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[29,80240,80241,80248,80254],{},[32,80242,80243,14334,80245,80247],{},[15,80244,39994],{},[39,80246,4909],{}," return a list in Python 3",[32,80249,80250,80251],{},"it returns a ",[39,80252,80253],{},"map object",[32,80255,80256,80257],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80258,25056],{},[47,80260,50],{"id":49},[52,80262,80264],{"className":54,"code":80263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80265,80266,80290,80309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80269,900],{"class":67},[61,80271,72],{"class":71},[61,80273,926],{"class":75},[61,80275,80],{"class":79},[61,80277,83],{"class":75},[61,80279,86],{"class":79},[61,80281,83],{"class":75},[61,80283,91],{"class":79},[61,80285,83],{"class":75},[61,80287,112],{"class":79},[61,80289,943],{"class":75},[61,80291,80292,80294,80296,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80293,132],{"class":67},[61,80295,72],{"class":71},[61,80297,80298],{"class":159}," map",[61,80300,147],{"class":75},[61,80302,3724],{"class":2071},[61,80304,83],{"class":75},[61,80306,956],{"class":143},[61,80308,153],{"class":75},[61,80310,80311,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,80312,160],{"class":159},[61,80314,147],{"class":75},[61,80316,8377],{"class":2071},[61,80318,147],{"class":75},[61,80320,165],{"class":143},[61,80322,1761],{"class":75},[20,80324,1598],{},[52,80326,80328],{"className":54,"code":80327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80329,80330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80331,80332,80334,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80333,4182],{"class":75},[61,80335,630],{"class":503},[61,80337,80],{"class":507},[61,80339,630],{"class":503},[61,80341,83],{"class":75},[61,80343,639],{"class":503},[61,80345,301],{"class":507},[61,80347,630],{"class":503},[61,80349,83],{"class":75},[61,80351,639],{"class":503},[61,80353,107],{"class":507},[61,80355,630],{"class":503},[61,80357,83],{"class":75},[61,80359,639],{"class":503},[61,80361,788],{"class":507},[61,80363,630],{"class":503},[61,80365,943],{"class":75},[20,80367,1503,80368,80371,80372,80374],{},[15,80369,80370],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80373,25056],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[47,80376,184,80378,187],{"id":80377},"what-map-does",[15,80379,39994],{},[20,80381,80382,80384],{},[15,80383,39994],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80386,80387,80388,80390],{},"An ",[39,80389,4000],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[29,80392,80393,80395,80397,80399],{},[32,80394,38178],{},[32,80396,38181],{},[32,80398,38184],{},[32,80400,80401],{},"a range object",[20,80403,31000],{},[52,80405,80407],{"className":54,"code":80406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80408,80409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80410,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80412,40137],{"class":159},[61,80414,147],{"class":75},[61,80416,38137],{"class":143},[61,80418,83],{"class":75},[61,80420,38142],{"class":143},[61,80422,153],{"class":75},[20,80424,80425],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80427,80428,80429,34016],{},"Important: the result is a ",[39,80430,80253],{},[20,80432,80433,80434,140],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[214,80435,5416],{"href":5415},[47,80437,221],{"id":220},[20,80439,80440,80442],{},[15,80441,39994],{}," needs at least two parts:",[29,80444,80445,80451],{},[32,80446,80447,80450],{},[39,80448,80449],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[32,80452,80453,80456],{},[39,80454,80455],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80458,3985],{},[52,80460,80461],{"className":54,"code":80406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,80462,80463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80464,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80466,40137],{"class":159},[61,80468,147],{"class":75},[61,80470,38137],{"class":143},[61,80472,83],{"class":75},[61,80474,38142],{"class":143},[61,80476,153],{"class":75},[20,80478,80479],{},"You can pass:",[29,80481,80482,80491,80494],{},[32,80483,80484,80485,1830,80487,2477,80489],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80486,3724],{},[15,80488,2473],{},[15,80490,2303],{},[32,80492,80493],{},"your own custom function",[32,80495,80496],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80498,80499],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80501,80502,80503,80505],{},"You will often see ",[15,80504,39994],{}," used like this:",[52,80507,80509],{"className":54,"code":80508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80510,80511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80512,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80514,8377],{"class":2071},[61,80516,147],{"class":75},[61,80518,40137],{"class":159},[61,80520,147],{"class":75},[61,80522,38137],{"class":143},[61,80524,83],{"class":75},[61,80526,4168],{"class":143},[61,80528,1761],{"class":75},[20,80530,6956,80531,80533],{},[15,80532,25056],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[47,80535,483],{"id":482},[20,80537,80538],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[52,80540,80542],{"className":54,"code":80541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80543,80544,80564,80582,80586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80547,900],{"class":67},[61,80549,72],{"class":71},[61,80551,926],{"class":75},[61,80553,2613],{"class":79},[61,80555,83],{"class":75},[61,80557,8072],{"class":79},[61,80559,83],{"class":75},[61,80561,8077],{"class":79},[61,80563,943],{"class":75},[61,80565,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80567,132],{"class":67},[61,80569,72],{"class":71},[61,80571,80298],{"class":159},[61,80573,147],{"class":75},[61,80575,3724],{"class":2071},[61,80577,83],{"class":75},[61,80579,956],{"class":143},[61,80581,153],{"class":75},[61,80583,80584],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,80585,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,80587,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,80589,160],{"class":159},[61,80591,147],{"class":75},[61,80593,8377],{"class":2071},[61,80595,147],{"class":75},[61,80597,165],{"class":143},[61,80599,1761],{"class":75},[20,80601,1598],{},[52,80603,80605],{"className":54,"code":80604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80606,80607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80608,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80610,4182],{"class":75},[61,80612,630],{"class":503},[61,80614,2613],{"class":507},[61,80616,630],{"class":503},[61,80618,83],{"class":75},[61,80620,639],{"class":503},[61,80622,16033],{"class":507},[61,80624,630],{"class":503},[61,80626,83],{"class":75},[61,80628,639],{"class":503},[61,80630,37118],{"class":507},[61,80632,630],{"class":503},[61,80634,943],{"class":75},[20,80636,11963],{},[29,80638,80639,80644,80652,80660,80668],{},[32,80640,80641,80643],{},[15,80642,3929],{}," contains integers",[32,80645,80646,80649,80650],{},[15,80647,80648],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80651,47964],{},[32,80653,80654,42433,80657],{},[15,80655,80656],{},"str(10)",[15,80658,80659],{},"'10'",[32,80661,80662,42433,80665],{},[15,80663,80664],{},"str(20)",[15,80666,80667],{},"'20'",[32,80669,80670,42433,80673],{},[15,80671,80672],{},"str(30)",[15,80674,80675],{},"'30'",[20,80677,53936,80678,80680,80681,80683],{},[15,80679,39994],{}," applies ",[15,80682,47964],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80685,80686,80687,80689,80690,140],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80688,25056],{}," better, see ",[214,80691,13,80692,3790],{"href":65127},[15,80693,25056],{},[47,80695,716,80697,80699],{"id":80696},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80698,39994],{}," with your own function",[20,80701,15993,80702,80704],{},[15,80703,39994],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[52,80706,80708],{"className":54,"code":80707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80709,80710,80723,80733,80737,80761,80780,80784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80711,80712,80714,80717,80719,80721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80713,35126],{"class":2350},[61,80715,80716],{"class":35129}," double",[61,80718,147],{"class":75},[61,80720,2458],{"class":37939},[61,80722,8626],{"class":75},[61,80724,80725,80727,80729,80731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80726,35137],{"class":4158},[61,80728,4162],{"class":67},[61,80730,40150],{"class":71},[61,80732,45869],{"class":79},[61,80734,80735],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,80736,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,80738,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,80740,900],{"class":67},[61,80742,72],{"class":71},[61,80744,926],{"class":75},[61,80746,80],{"class":79},[61,80748,83],{"class":75},[61,80750,86],{"class":79},[61,80752,83],{"class":75},[61,80754,91],{"class":79},[61,80756,83],{"class":75},[61,80758,112],{"class":79},[61,80760,943],{"class":75},[61,80762,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80774,80776,80778],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,80764,132],{"class":67},[61,80766,72],{"class":71},[61,80768,80298],{"class":159},[61,80770,147],{"class":75},[61,80772,80773],{"class":143},"double",[61,80775,83],{"class":75},[61,80777,956],{"class":143},[61,80779,153],{"class":75},[61,80781,80782],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,80783,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,80787,160],{"class":159},[61,80789,147],{"class":75},[61,80791,8377],{"class":2071},[61,80793,147],{"class":75},[61,80795,165],{"class":143},[61,80797,1761],{"class":75},[20,80799,1598],{},[52,80801,80802],{"className":54,"code":40163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,80803,80804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80805,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80807,4182],{"class":75},[61,80809,301],{"class":79},[61,80811,83],{"class":75},[61,80813,112],{"class":79},[61,80815,83],{"class":75},[61,80817,37920],{"class":79},[61,80819,83],{"class":75},[61,80821,6639],{"class":79},[61,80823,943],{"class":75},[20,80825,65863],{},[29,80827,80828,80835,80841],{},[32,80829,80830,80832,80833],{},[15,80831,39994],{}," takes the function ",[15,80834,80773],{},[32,80836,80837,80838,80840],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80839,3929],{}," into that function",[32,80842,80843],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80845,80846],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[29,80848,80849,80856,80863,80871],{},[32,80850,80851,6353,80854],{},[15,80852,80853],{},"double(1)",[15,80855,301],{},[32,80857,80858,6353,80861],{},[15,80859,80860],{},"double(2)",[15,80862,788],{},[32,80864,80865,6353,80868],{},[15,80866,80867],{},"double(3)",[15,80869,80870],{},"6",[32,80872,80873,6353,80876],{},[15,80874,80875],{},"double(4)",[15,80877,2628],{},[47,80879,716,80881,80883],{"id":80880},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80882,39994],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80885,80886,80888],{},[15,80887,39994],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80890,80891],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80893,368],{},[52,80895,80897],{"className":54,"code":80896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80898,80899,80916,80926,80930,80951,80972,80976,81001,81005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80900,80901,80903,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80902,35126],{"class":2350},[61,80904,80905],{"class":35129}," add_numbers",[61,80907,147],{"class":75},[61,80909,214],{"class":37939},[61,80911,83],{"class":75},[61,80913,2840],{"class":37939},[61,80915,8626],{"class":75},[61,80917,80918,80920,80922,80924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80919,35137],{"class":4158},[61,80921,44824],{"class":67},[61,80923,2345],{"class":71},[61,80925,36458],{"class":67},[61,80927,80928],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,80929,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,80931,80932,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,80933,80934],{"class":67},"list1 ",[61,80936,72],{"class":71},[61,80938,926],{"class":75},[61,80940,80],{"class":79},[61,80942,83],{"class":75},[61,80944,86],{"class":79},[61,80946,83],{"class":75},[61,80948,91],{"class":79},[61,80950,943],{"class":75},[61,80952,80953,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,80954,80955],{"class":67},"list2 ",[61,80957,72],{"class":71},[61,80959,926],{"class":75},[61,80961,2613],{"class":79},[61,80963,83],{"class":75},[61,80965,8072],{"class":79},[61,80967,83],{"class":75},[61,80969,8077],{"class":79},[61,80971,943],{"class":75},[61,80973,80974],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,80975,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,80977,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80989,80991,80994,80996,80999],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,80979,132],{"class":67},[61,80981,72],{"class":71},[61,80983,80298],{"class":159},[61,80985,147],{"class":75},[61,80987,80988],{"class":143},"add_numbers",[61,80990,83],{"class":75},[61,80992,80993],{"class":143}," list1",[61,80995,83],{"class":75},[61,80997,80998],{"class":143}," list2",[61,81000,153],{"class":75},[61,81002,81003],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,81004,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81006,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,81008,160],{"class":159},[61,81010,147],{"class":75},[61,81012,8377],{"class":2071},[61,81014,147],{"class":75},[61,81016,165],{"class":143},[61,81018,1761],{"class":75},[20,81020,1598],{},[52,81022,81024],{"className":54,"code":81023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81025,81026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81027,81028,81030,81033,81035,81038,81040,81043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81029,4182],{"class":75},[61,81031,81032],{"class":79},"11",[61,81034,83],{"class":75},[61,81036,81037],{"class":79}," 22",[61,81039,83],{"class":75},[61,81041,81042],{"class":79}," 33",[61,81044,943],{"class":75},[20,81046,2463],{},[29,81048,81049,81055,81061],{},[32,81050,81051,81052],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81053,81054],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[32,81056,81057,81058],{},"then ",[15,81059,81060],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[32,81062,81057,81063],{},[15,81064,81065],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[887,81067,81069,81071],{"id":81068},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81070,39994],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81073,81074,81075,81077],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81076,39994],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[52,81079,81081],{"className":54,"code":81080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81082,81083,81099,81109,81113,81137,81153,81157,81179,81183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81086,35126],{"class":2350},[61,81088,80905],{"class":35129},[61,81090,147],{"class":75},[61,81092,214],{"class":37939},[61,81094,83],{"class":75},[61,81096,2840],{"class":37939},[61,81098,8626],{"class":75},[61,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81102,35137],{"class":4158},[61,81104,44824],{"class":67},[61,81106,2345],{"class":71},[61,81108,36458],{"class":67},[61,81110,81111],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81112,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81114,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81116,80934],{"class":67},[61,81118,72],{"class":71},[61,81120,926],{"class":75},[61,81122,80],{"class":79},[61,81124,83],{"class":75},[61,81126,86],{"class":79},[61,81128,83],{"class":75},[61,81130,91],{"class":79},[61,81132,83],{"class":75},[61,81134,112],{"class":79},[61,81136,943],{"class":75},[61,81138,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,81140,80955],{"class":67},[61,81142,72],{"class":71},[61,81144,926],{"class":75},[61,81146,2613],{"class":79},[61,81148,83],{"class":75},[61,81150,8072],{"class":79},[61,81152,943],{"class":75},[61,81154,81155],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,81156,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81158,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,81160,132],{"class":67},[61,81162,72],{"class":71},[61,81164,80298],{"class":159},[61,81166,147],{"class":75},[61,81168,80988],{"class":143},[61,81170,83],{"class":75},[61,81172,80993],{"class":143},[61,81174,83],{"class":75},[61,81176,80998],{"class":143},[61,81178,153],{"class":75},[61,81180,81181],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,81182,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81184,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,81186,160],{"class":159},[61,81188,147],{"class":75},[61,81190,8377],{"class":2071},[61,81192,147],{"class":75},[61,81194,165],{"class":143},[61,81196,1761],{"class":75},[20,81198,1598],{},[52,81200,81202],{"className":54,"code":81201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81203,81204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81205,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81207,4182],{"class":75},[61,81209,81032],{"class":79},[61,81211,83],{"class":75},[61,81213,81037],{"class":79},[61,81215,943],{"class":75},[20,81217,81218,81219,81222],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81220,81221],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[47,81224,81226,81228],{"id":81225},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81227,39994],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81230,38300,81231,81233],{},[15,81232,39994],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81235,81236,81237,81240],{},"This object is ",[39,81238,81239],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[887,81242,2771,81244,81246],{"id":81243},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81245,33302],{}," looks strange",[20,81248,33917],{},[52,81250,81252],{"className":54,"code":81251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81253,81254,81274,81292,81296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81255,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81257,900],{"class":67},[61,81259,72],{"class":71},[61,81261,926],{"class":75},[61,81263,80],{"class":79},[61,81265,83],{"class":75},[61,81267,86],{"class":79},[61,81269,83],{"class":75},[61,81271,91],{"class":79},[61,81273,943],{"class":75},[61,81275,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81277,132],{"class":67},[61,81279,72],{"class":71},[61,81281,80298],{"class":159},[61,81283,147],{"class":75},[61,81285,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81287,83],{"class":75},[61,81289,956],{"class":143},[61,81291,153],{"class":75},[61,81293,81294],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81295,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81297,81298,81300,81302,81304],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81299,160],{"class":159},[61,81301,147],{"class":75},[61,81303,165],{"class":143},[61,81305,153],{"class":75},[20,81307,81308],{},"Output will look something like this:",[52,81310,81312],{"className":54,"code":81311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81313,81314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81315,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81317,3571],{"class":71},[61,81319,40137],{"class":159},[61,81321,24893],{"class":2071},[61,81323,37640],{"class":67},[61,81325,37644],{"class":37643},[61,81327,37647],{"class":34728},[61,81329,3583],{"class":71},[20,81331,81332],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81334,81335],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[52,81337,81339],{"className":54,"code":81338,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81340,81341,81361,81379,81383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81342,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81344,900],{"class":67},[61,81346,72],{"class":71},[61,81348,926],{"class":75},[61,81350,80],{"class":79},[61,81352,83],{"class":75},[61,81354,86],{"class":79},[61,81356,83],{"class":75},[61,81358,91],{"class":79},[61,81360,943],{"class":75},[61,81362,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81364,132],{"class":67},[61,81366,72],{"class":71},[61,81368,80298],{"class":159},[61,81370,147],{"class":75},[61,81372,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81374,83],{"class":75},[61,81376,956],{"class":143},[61,81378,153],{"class":75},[61,81380,81381],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81382,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81384,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81386,160],{"class":159},[61,81388,147],{"class":75},[61,81390,8377],{"class":2071},[61,81392,147],{"class":75},[61,81394,165],{"class":143},[61,81396,1761],{"class":75},[20,81398,1598],{},[52,81400,81402],{"className":54,"code":81401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81403,81404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81405,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81407,4182],{"class":75},[61,81409,630],{"class":503},[61,81411,80],{"class":507},[61,81413,630],{"class":503},[61,81415,83],{"class":75},[61,81417,639],{"class":503},[61,81419,301],{"class":507},[61,81421,630],{"class":503},[61,81423,83],{"class":75},[61,81425,639],{"class":503},[61,81427,107],{"class":507},[61,81429,630],{"class":503},[61,81431,943],{"class":75},[887,81433,81435],{"id":81434},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[52,81437,81439],{"className":54,"code":81438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81440,81441,81461,81479,81483,81496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81442,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81444,900],{"class":67},[61,81446,72],{"class":71},[61,81448,926],{"class":75},[61,81450,80],{"class":79},[61,81452,83],{"class":75},[61,81454,86],{"class":79},[61,81456,83],{"class":75},[61,81458,91],{"class":79},[61,81460,943],{"class":75},[61,81462,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81464,132],{"class":67},[61,81466,72],{"class":71},[61,81468,80298],{"class":159},[61,81470,147],{"class":75},[61,81472,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81474,83],{"class":75},[61,81476,956],{"class":143},[61,81478,153],{"class":75},[61,81480,81481],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81482,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81484,81485,81487,81489,81491,81494],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81486,6238],{"class":4158},[61,81488,6241],{"class":67},[61,81490,4165],{"class":4158},[61,81492,81493],{"class":67}," result",[61,81495,6673],{"class":75},[61,81497,81498,81500,81502,81504],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,81499,8352],{"class":159},[61,81501,147],{"class":75},[61,81503,23586],{"class":143},[61,81505,153],{"class":75},[20,81507,1598],{},[52,81509,81511],{"className":54,"code":81510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81512,81513,81517,81521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81514,81515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81516,47197],{"class":79},[61,81518,81519],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81520,17336],{"class":79},[61,81522,81523],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81524,46897],{"class":79},[887,81526,81528],{"id":81527},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81530,81531],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[52,81533,81535],{"className":54,"code":81534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81536,81537,81557,81575,81579,81593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81540,900],{"class":67},[61,81542,72],{"class":71},[61,81544,926],{"class":75},[61,81546,80],{"class":79},[61,81548,83],{"class":75},[61,81550,86],{"class":79},[61,81552,83],{"class":75},[61,81554,91],{"class":79},[61,81556,943],{"class":75},[61,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81560,132],{"class":67},[61,81562,72],{"class":71},[61,81564,80298],{"class":159},[61,81566,147],{"class":75},[61,81568,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81570,83],{"class":75},[61,81572,956],{"class":143},[61,81574,153],{"class":75},[61,81576,81577],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81578,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81580,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81582,160],{"class":159},[61,81584,147],{"class":75},[61,81586,8377],{"class":2071},[61,81588,147],{"class":75},[61,81590,165],{"class":143},[61,81592,1761],{"class":75},[61,81594,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,81596,160],{"class":159},[61,81598,147],{"class":75},[61,81600,8377],{"class":2071},[61,81602,147],{"class":75},[61,81604,165],{"class":143},[61,81606,1761],{"class":75},[20,81608,1598],{},[52,81610,81612],{"className":54,"code":81611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81613,81614,81642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81615,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81617,4182],{"class":75},[61,81619,630],{"class":503},[61,81621,80],{"class":507},[61,81623,630],{"class":503},[61,81625,83],{"class":75},[61,81627,639],{"class":503},[61,81629,301],{"class":507},[61,81631,630],{"class":503},[61,81633,83],{"class":75},[61,81635,639],{"class":503},[61,81637,107],{"class":507},[61,81639,630],{"class":503},[61,81641,943],{"class":75},[61,81643,81644],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81645,38574],{"class":75},[20,81647,81648],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81650,81651],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[52,81653,81655],{"className":54,"code":81654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81656,81657,81677,81699,81703,81713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81658,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81660,900],{"class":67},[61,81662,72],{"class":71},[61,81664,926],{"class":75},[61,81666,80],{"class":79},[61,81668,83],{"class":75},[61,81670,86],{"class":79},[61,81672,83],{"class":75},[61,81674,91],{"class":79},[61,81676,943],{"class":75},[61,81678,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81680,132],{"class":67},[61,81682,72],{"class":71},[61,81684,22835],{"class":2071},[61,81686,147],{"class":75},[61,81688,40137],{"class":159},[61,81690,147],{"class":75},[61,81692,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81694,83],{"class":75},[61,81696,956],{"class":143},[61,81698,1761],{"class":75},[61,81700,81701],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81702,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81704,81705,81707,81709,81711],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81706,160],{"class":159},[61,81708,147],{"class":75},[61,81710,165],{"class":143},[61,81712,153],{"class":75},[61,81714,81715,81717,81719,81721],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,81716,160],{"class":159},[61,81718,147],{"class":75},[61,81720,165],{"class":143},[61,81722,153],{"class":75},[20,81724,1598],{},[52,81726,81728],{"className":54,"code":81727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81729,81730,81758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81731,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81733,4182],{"class":75},[61,81735,630],{"class":503},[61,81737,80],{"class":507},[61,81739,630],{"class":503},[61,81741,83],{"class":75},[61,81743,639],{"class":503},[61,81745,301],{"class":507},[61,81747,630],{"class":503},[61,81749,83],{"class":75},[61,81751,639],{"class":503},[61,81753,107],{"class":507},[61,81755,630],{"class":503},[61,81757,943],{"class":75},[61,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81761,4182],{"class":75},[61,81763,630],{"class":503},[61,81765,80],{"class":507},[61,81767,630],{"class":503},[61,81769,83],{"class":75},[61,81771,639],{"class":503},[61,81773,301],{"class":507},[61,81775,630],{"class":503},[61,81777,83],{"class":75},[61,81779,639],{"class":503},[61,81781,107],{"class":507},[61,81783,630],{"class":503},[61,81785,943],{"class":75},[47,81787,5240,81789],{"id":81788},"when-to-use-map",[15,81790,39994],{},[20,81792,81793,81795],{},[15,81794,39994],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81797,81798],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[29,81800,81801,81805,81809],{},[32,81802,81803],{},[15,81804,3724],{},[32,81806,81807],{},[15,81808,2473],{},[32,81810,81811],{},[15,81812,2303],{},[20,81814,368],{},[52,81816,81818],{"className":54,"code":81817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81819,81820,81852,81874,81878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81821,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81823,4103],{"class":67},[61,81825,72],{"class":71},[61,81827,926],{"class":75},[61,81829,630],{"class":503},[61,81831,80],{"class":507},[61,81833,630],{"class":503},[61,81835,83],{"class":75},[61,81837,639],{"class":503},[61,81839,301],{"class":507},[61,81841,630],{"class":503},[61,81843,83],{"class":75},[61,81845,639],{"class":503},[61,81847,107],{"class":507},[61,81849,630],{"class":503},[61,81851,943],{"class":75},[61,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81855,900],{"class":67},[61,81857,72],{"class":71},[61,81859,22835],{"class":2071},[61,81861,147],{"class":75},[61,81863,40137],{"class":159},[61,81865,147],{"class":75},[61,81867,2473],{"class":2071},[61,81869,83],{"class":75},[61,81871,4168],{"class":143},[61,81873,1761],{"class":75},[61,81875,81876],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81877,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,81879,81880,81882,81884,81886],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,81881,160],{"class":159},[61,81883,147],{"class":75},[61,81885,3929],{"class":143},[61,81887,153],{"class":75},[20,81889,1598],{},[52,81891,81892],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,81893,81894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81895,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81897,4182],{"class":75},[61,81899,80],{"class":79},[61,81901,83],{"class":75},[61,81903,86],{"class":79},[61,81905,83],{"class":75},[61,81907,91],{"class":79},[61,81909,943],{"class":75},[20,81911,81912],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81914,81915],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[52,81917,81919],{"className":54,"code":81918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81920,81921,81941,81963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81922,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81924,900],{"class":67},[61,81926,72],{"class":71},[61,81928,926],{"class":75},[61,81930,80],{"class":79},[61,81932,83],{"class":75},[61,81934,86],{"class":79},[61,81936,83],{"class":75},[61,81938,91],{"class":79},[61,81940,943],{"class":75},[61,81942,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81944,132],{"class":67},[61,81946,72],{"class":71},[61,81948,22835],{"class":2071},[61,81950,147],{"class":75},[61,81952,40137],{"class":159},[61,81954,147],{"class":75},[61,81956,3724],{"class":2071},[61,81958,83],{"class":75},[61,81960,956],{"class":143},[61,81962,1761],{"class":75},[61,81964,81965,81967,81969,81971],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,81966,160],{"class":159},[61,81968,147],{"class":75},[61,81970,165],{"class":143},[61,81972,153],{"class":75},[52,81974,81976],{"className":54,"code":81975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81977,81978,81998,82025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81979,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81981,900],{"class":67},[61,81983,72],{"class":71},[61,81985,926],{"class":75},[61,81987,80],{"class":79},[61,81989,83],{"class":75},[61,81991,86],{"class":79},[61,81993,83],{"class":75},[61,81995,91],{"class":79},[61,81997,943],{"class":75},[61,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82019,82021,82023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82001,132],{"class":67},[61,82003,72],{"class":71},[61,82005,926],{"class":75},[61,82007,3724],{"class":2071},[61,82009,147],{"class":75},[61,82011,76306],{"class":143},[61,82013,442],{"class":75},[61,82015,4159],{"class":4158},[61,82017,82018],{"class":67}," n ",[61,82020,4165],{"class":4158},[61,82022,956],{"class":67},[61,82024,943],{"class":75},[61,82026,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82028,160],{"class":159},[61,82030,147],{"class":75},[61,82032,165],{"class":143},[61,82034,153],{"class":75},[20,82036,82037],{},"Both produce:",[52,82039,82040],{"className":54,"code":81401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82041,82042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82045,4182],{"class":75},[61,82047,630],{"class":503},[61,82049,80],{"class":507},[61,82051,630],{"class":503},[61,82053,83],{"class":75},[61,82055,639],{"class":503},[61,82057,301],{"class":507},[61,82059,630],{"class":503},[61,82061,83],{"class":75},[61,82063,639],{"class":503},[61,82065,107],{"class":507},[61,82067,630],{"class":503},[61,82069,943],{"class":75},[20,82071,82072],{},"A simple rule:",[29,82074,82075,82080,82085],{},[32,82076,40268,82077,82079],{},[15,82078,39994],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[32,82081,40274,82082,82084],{},[15,82083,6238],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[32,82086,82087],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82089,82090,82091,140],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[214,82092,4673],{"href":4672},[47,82094,1520],{"id":1519},[887,82096,82098,82099],{"id":82097},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82100,25056],{},[20,82102,1530],{},[52,82104,82105],{"className":54,"code":81251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82106,82107,82127,82145,82149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82108,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82110,900],{"class":67},[61,82112,72],{"class":71},[61,82114,926],{"class":75},[61,82116,80],{"class":79},[61,82118,83],{"class":75},[61,82120,86],{"class":79},[61,82122,83],{"class":75},[61,82124,91],{"class":79},[61,82126,943],{"class":75},[61,82128,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82130,132],{"class":67},[61,82132,72],{"class":71},[61,82134,80298],{"class":159},[61,82136,147],{"class":75},[61,82138,3724],{"class":2071},[61,82140,83],{"class":75},[61,82142,956],{"class":143},[61,82144,153],{"class":75},[61,82146,82147],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82148,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82150,82151,82153,82155,82157],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82152,160],{"class":159},[61,82154,147],{"class":75},[61,82156,165],{"class":143},[61,82158,153],{"class":75},[20,82160,82161],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82163,39539],{},[52,82165,82167],{"className":54,"code":82166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82168,82169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82172,160],{"class":159},[61,82174,147],{"class":75},[61,82176,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82178,147],{"class":75},[61,82180,165],{"class":143},[61,82182,1761],{"class":75},[887,82184,82186],{"id":82185},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82188,16923],{},[52,82190,82192],{"className":54,"code":82191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82193,82194,82214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82195,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82197,900],{"class":67},[61,82199,72],{"class":71},[61,82201,926],{"class":75},[61,82203,80],{"class":79},[61,82205,83],{"class":75},[61,82207,86],{"class":79},[61,82209,83],{"class":75},[61,82211,91],{"class":79},[61,82213,943],{"class":75},[61,82215,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82229,82231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82217,132],{"class":67},[61,82219,72],{"class":71},[61,82221,80298],{"class":159},[61,82223,147],{"class":75},[61,82225,3724],{"class":2071},[61,82227,82228],{"class":75},"(),",[61,82230,956],{"class":143},[61,82232,153],{"class":75},[20,82234,82235,82236,82238,82239,82241],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82237,47964],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82240,39994],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82243,16935],{},[52,82245,82246],{"className":54,"code":81338,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82247,82248,82268,82286,82290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82249,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82251,900],{"class":67},[61,82253,72],{"class":71},[61,82255,926],{"class":75},[61,82257,80],{"class":79},[61,82259,83],{"class":75},[61,82261,86],{"class":79},[61,82263,83],{"class":75},[61,82265,91],{"class":79},[61,82267,943],{"class":75},[61,82269,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282,82284],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82271,132],{"class":67},[61,82273,72],{"class":71},[61,82275,80298],{"class":159},[61,82277,147],{"class":75},[61,82279,3724],{"class":2071},[61,82281,83],{"class":75},[61,82283,956],{"class":143},[61,82285,153],{"class":75},[61,82287,82288],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82289,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82291,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82293,160],{"class":159},[61,82295,147],{"class":75},[61,82297,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82299,147],{"class":75},[61,82301,165],{"class":143},[61,82303,1761],{"class":75},[887,82305,82307],{"id":82306},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82309,82310],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82312,16923],{},[52,82314,82316],{"className":54,"code":82315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82317,82318,82335,82345,82349,82369,82388,82392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82319,82320,82322,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82321,35126],{"class":2350},[61,82323,82324],{"class":35129}," add",[61,82326,147],{"class":75},[61,82328,214],{"class":37939},[61,82330,83],{"class":75},[61,82332,2840],{"class":37939},[61,82334,8626],{"class":75},[61,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82338,35137],{"class":4158},[61,82340,44824],{"class":67},[61,82342,2345],{"class":71},[61,82344,36458],{"class":67},[61,82346,82347],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82348,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82350,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82352,900],{"class":67},[61,82354,72],{"class":71},[61,82356,926],{"class":75},[61,82358,80],{"class":79},[61,82360,83],{"class":75},[61,82362,86],{"class":79},[61,82364,83],{"class":75},[61,82366,91],{"class":79},[61,82368,943],{"class":75},[61,82370,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82382,82384,82386],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,82372,132],{"class":67},[61,82374,72],{"class":71},[61,82376,80298],{"class":159},[61,82378,147],{"class":75},[61,82380,82381],{"class":143},"add",[61,82383,83],{"class":75},[61,82385,956],{"class":143},[61,82387,153],{"class":75},[61,82389,82390],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,82391,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82393,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,82395,160],{"class":159},[61,82397,147],{"class":75},[61,82399,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82401,147],{"class":75},[61,82403,165],{"class":143},[61,82405,1761],{"class":75},[20,82407,16935],{},[52,82409,82411],{"className":54,"code":82410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82412,82413,82429,82439,82443,82463,82483,82505,82509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82414,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82416,35126],{"class":2350},[61,82418,82324],{"class":35129},[61,82420,147],{"class":75},[61,82422,214],{"class":37939},[61,82424,83],{"class":75},[61,82426,2840],{"class":37939},[61,82428,8626],{"class":75},[61,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82432,35137],{"class":4158},[61,82434,44824],{"class":67},[61,82436,2345],{"class":71},[61,82438,36458],{"class":67},[61,82440,82441],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82442,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82446,80934],{"class":67},[61,82448,72],{"class":71},[61,82450,926],{"class":75},[61,82452,80],{"class":79},[61,82454,83],{"class":75},[61,82456,86],{"class":79},[61,82458,83],{"class":75},[61,82460,91],{"class":79},[61,82462,943],{"class":75},[61,82464,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,82466,80955],{"class":67},[61,82468,72],{"class":71},[61,82470,926],{"class":75},[61,82472,2613],{"class":79},[61,82474,83],{"class":75},[61,82476,8072],{"class":79},[61,82478,83],{"class":75},[61,82480,8077],{"class":79},[61,82482,943],{"class":75},[61,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,82486,132],{"class":67},[61,82488,72],{"class":71},[61,82490,80298],{"class":159},[61,82492,147],{"class":75},[61,82494,82381],{"class":143},[61,82496,83],{"class":75},[61,82498,80993],{"class":143},[61,82500,83],{"class":75},[61,82502,80998],{"class":143},[61,82504,153],{"class":75},[61,82506,82507],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,82508,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82510,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,82512,160],{"class":159},[61,82514,147],{"class":75},[61,82516,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82518,147],{"class":75},[61,82520,165],{"class":143},[61,82522,1761],{"class":75},[887,82524,82526],{"id":82525},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82528,16923],{},[52,82530,82531],{"className":54,"code":81534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82532,82533,82553,82571,82575,82589],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82534,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82536,900],{"class":67},[61,82538,72],{"class":71},[61,82540,926],{"class":75},[61,82542,80],{"class":79},[61,82544,83],{"class":75},[61,82546,86],{"class":79},[61,82548,83],{"class":75},[61,82550,91],{"class":79},[61,82552,943],{"class":75},[61,82554,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82556,132],{"class":67},[61,82558,72],{"class":71},[61,82560,80298],{"class":159},[61,82562,147],{"class":75},[61,82564,3724],{"class":2071},[61,82566,83],{"class":75},[61,82568,956],{"class":143},[61,82570,153],{"class":75},[61,82572,82573],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82574,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82576,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82578,160],{"class":159},[61,82580,147],{"class":75},[61,82582,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82584,147],{"class":75},[61,82586,165],{"class":143},[61,82588,1761],{"class":75},[61,82590,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,82592,160],{"class":159},[61,82594,147],{"class":75},[61,82596,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82598,147],{"class":75},[61,82600,165],{"class":143},[61,82602,1761],{"class":75},[20,82604,82605],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82607,82608],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[47,82610,68172],{"id":68171},[20,82612,9158,82613,82615],{},[15,82614,39994],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,82617,82619],{"className":54,"code":82618,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82620,82621,82631,82645,82659,82671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82622,82623,82625,82627,82629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82624,160],{"class":159},[61,82626,147],{"class":75},[61,82628,165],{"class":143},[61,82630,153],{"class":75},[61,82632,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82634,160],{"class":159},[61,82636,147],{"class":75},[61,82638,8377],{"class":2071},[61,82640,147],{"class":75},[61,82642,165],{"class":143},[61,82644,1761],{"class":75},[61,82646,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82657],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82648,160],{"class":159},[61,82650,147],{"class":75},[61,82652,2072],{"class":2071},[61,82654,147],{"class":75},[61,82656,165],{"class":143},[61,82658,1761],{"class":75},[61,82660,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82662,6238],{"class":4158},[61,82664,6241],{"class":67},[61,82666,4165],{"class":4158},[61,82668,81493],{"class":67},[61,82670,6673],{"class":75},[61,82672,82673,82675,82677,82679],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,82674,8352],{"class":159},[61,82676,147],{"class":75},[61,82678,23586],{"class":143},[61,82680,153],{"class":75},[20,82682,12953],{},[29,82684,82685,82690,82695,82701],{},[32,82686,82687,82689],{},[15,82688,33302],{}," shows that you have a map object",[32,82691,82692,82694],{},[15,82693,33310],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[32,82696,82697,82700],{},[15,82698,82699],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[32,82702,82703,82704,82706],{},"looping over ",[15,82705,165],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82708,82709,82710,82713,82714,82716],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82711,82712],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82715,6238],{}," loop consume the map object.",[47,82718,2109],{"id":2108},[887,82720,2113,82722,82724],{"id":82721},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82723,39994],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82726,82727,82728,82730,82731,24214],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82729,39994],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82732,82733],{},"list(map(...))",[887,82735,15184,82737,82739,82740,82742],{"id":82736},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82738,39994],{}," better than a ",[15,82741,6238],{}," loop?",[20,82744,82745,82746,82748,82749,82751],{},"Not always. ",[15,82747,39994],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82750,6238],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[887,82753,2123,82755,82757],{"id":82754},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82756,39994],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82759,82760],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[887,82762,82764],{"id":82763},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82766,82767],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[47,82769,2172],{"id":2171},[29,82771,82772,82778,82784,82788,82792],{},[32,82773,82774],{},[214,82775,13,82776,3790],{"href":40363},[15,82777,37852],{},[32,82779,82780],{},[214,82781,13,82782,3790],{"href":65127},[15,82783,25056],{},[32,82785,82786],{},[214,82787,5500],{"href":5411},[32,82789,82790],{},[214,82791,5505],{"href":4672},[32,82793,82794],{},[214,82795,5495],{"href":5415},[2204,82797,82798],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":82800},[82801,82802,82804,82805,82806,82808,82813,82820,82822,82829,82830,82839],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":80377,"depth":97,"text":82803},"What map() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":80696,"depth":97,"text":82807},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80880,"depth":97,"text":82809,"children":82810},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82811],{"id":81068,"depth":122,"text":82812},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81225,"depth":97,"text":82814,"children":82815},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82816,82818,82819],{"id":81243,"depth":122,"text":82817},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81434,"depth":122,"text":81435},{"id":81527,"depth":122,"text":81528},{"id":81788,"depth":97,"text":82821},"When to use map()",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":82823},[82824,82826,82827,82828],{"id":82097,"depth":122,"text":82825},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82185,"depth":122,"text":82186},{"id":82306,"depth":122,"text":82307},{"id":82525,"depth":122,"text":82526},{"id":68171,"depth":97,"text":68172},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":82831},[82832,82834,82836,82838],{"id":82721,"depth":122,"text":82833},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82736,"depth":122,"text":82835},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82754,"depth":122,"text":82837},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82763,"depth":122,"text":82764},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80209,"description":82840},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82847,"title":82848,"body":82849,"description":84869,"extension":2249,"meta":84870,"navigation":125,"path":84871,"seo":84872,"stem":84873,"__hash__":84874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82850,"toc":84827},[82851,82857,82862,82865,82873,82876,82878,83002,83004,83022,83024,83044,83049,83053,83067,83070,83073,83075,83080,83192,83195,83213,83219,83222,83284,83286,83295,83298,83312,83314,83362,83364,83373,83383,83389,83392,83419,83421,83429,83432,83435,83505,83507,83515,83518,83523,83528,83579,83581,83589,83592,83594,83611,83613,83665,83668,83674,83678,83683,83686,83690,83749,83751,83760,83766,83775,83779,83842,83844,83852,83857,83861,83866,83946,83948,83957,83964,83969,83974,83977,84012,84014,84022,84025,84031,84033,84083,84085,84094,84097,84115,84117,84122,84128,84135,84162,84164,84187,84192,84227,84232,84238,84243,84286,84289,84292,84331,84338,84344,84349,84364,84368,84375,84378,84382,84387,84391,84396,84398,84459,84461,84490,84495,84502,84511,84513,84516,84541,84543,84646,84649,84667,84676,84678,84683,84686,84692,84695,84697,84707,84713,84717,84775,84782,84790,84792,84824],[10,82852,13,82854,3860],{"id":82853},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82855,82856],{},"max()",[20,82858,9406,82859,82861],{},[15,82860,82856],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82863,82864],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[29,82866,82867,82870],{},[32,82868,82869],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[32,82871,82872],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82874,82875],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[47,82877,50],{"id":49},[52,82879,82881],{"className":54,"code":82880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82882,82883,82907,82922,82926,82952,82956,82988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82884,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82886,900],{"class":67},[61,82888,72],{"class":71},[61,82890,926],{"class":75},[61,82892,107],{"class":79},[61,82894,83],{"class":75},[61,82896,6639],{"class":79},[61,82898,83],{"class":75},[61,82900,86],{"class":79},[61,82902,83],{"class":75},[61,82904,117],{"class":79},[61,82906,943],{"class":75},[61,82908,82909,82911,82913,82916,82918,82920],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82910,160],{"class":159},[61,82912,147],{"class":75},[61,82914,82915],{"class":159},"max",[61,82917,147],{"class":75},[61,82919,3929],{"class":143},[61,82921,1761],{"class":75},[61,82923,82924],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,82925,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82927,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944,82946,82948,82950],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,82929,160],{"class":159},[61,82931,147],{"class":75},[61,82933,82915],{"class":159},[61,82935,147],{"class":75},[61,82937,107],{"class":79},[61,82939,83],{"class":75},[61,82941,6639],{"class":79},[61,82943,83],{"class":75},[61,82945,86],{"class":79},[61,82947,83],{"class":75},[61,82949,117],{"class":79},[61,82951,1761],{"class":75},[61,82953,82954],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,82955,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,82957,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,82959,1778],{"class":67},[61,82961,72],{"class":71},[61,82963,926],{"class":75},[61,82965,504],{"class":503},[61,82967,508],{"class":507},[61,82969,504],{"class":503},[61,82971,83],{"class":75},[61,82973,515],{"class":503},[61,82975,518],{"class":507},[61,82977,504],{"class":503},[61,82979,83],{"class":75},[61,82981,515],{"class":503},[61,82983,79020],{"class":507},[61,82985,504],{"class":503},[61,82987,943],{"class":75},[61,82989,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,82991,160],{"class":159},[61,82993,147],{"class":75},[61,82995,82915],{"class":159},[61,82997,147],{"class":75},[61,82999,4394],{"class":143},[61,83001,1761],{"class":75},[20,83003,1598],{},[52,83005,83007],{"className":54,"code":83006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83008,83009,83013,83017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83010,83011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83012,2664],{"class":79},[61,83014,83015],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83016,2664],{"class":79},[61,83018,83019],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,83020,83021],{"class":67},"pear\n",[20,83023,20236],{},[29,83025,83026,83032,83038],{},[32,83027,83028,83031],{},[15,83029,83030],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[32,83033,83034,83037],{},[15,83035,83036],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[32,83039,83040,83043],{},[15,83041,83042],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[47,83045,184,83047,187],{"id":83046},"what-max-does",[15,83048,82856],{},[20,83050,83051,192],{},[15,83052,82856],{},[29,83054,83055,83058,83061,83064],{},[32,83056,83057],{},"Returns the largest item",[32,83059,83060],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[32,83062,83063],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[32,83065,83066],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83068,83069],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83071,83072],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[47,83074,221],{"id":220},[20,83076,83077,83078,192],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83079,82856],{},[52,83081,83083],{"className":54,"code":83082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83084,83085,83095,83119,83141,83164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83086,83087,83089,83091,83093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83088,82915],{"class":159},[61,83090,147],{"class":75},[61,83092,4000],{"class":143},[61,83094,153],{"class":75},[61,83096,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105,83108,83110,83112,83114,83117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83098,82915],{"class":159},[61,83100,147],{"class":75},[61,83102,4000],{"class":143},[61,83104,83],{"class":75},[61,83106,83107],{"class":71}," *",[61,83109,83],{"class":75},[61,83111,21858],{"class":9459},[61,83113,72],{"class":71},[61,83115,83116],{"class":143},"func",[61,83118,153],{"class":75},[61,83120,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,83122,82915],{"class":159},[61,83124,147],{"class":75},[61,83126,4000],{"class":143},[61,83128,83],{"class":75},[61,83130,83107],{"class":71},[61,83132,83],{"class":75},[61,83134,26799],{"class":9459},[61,83136,72],{"class":71},[61,83138,2755],{"class":143},[61,83140,153],{"class":75},[61,83142,83143,83145,83147,83150,83152,83155,83157,83159,83162],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,83144,82915],{"class":159},[61,83146,147],{"class":75},[61,83148,83149],{"class":143},"arg1",[61,83151,83],{"class":75},[61,83153,83154],{"class":143}," arg2",[61,83156,83],{"class":75},[61,83158,83107],{"class":71},[61,83160,83161],{"class":143},"args",[61,83163,153],{"class":75},[61,83165,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,83167,82915],{"class":159},[61,83169,147],{"class":75},[61,83171,83149],{"class":143},[61,83173,83],{"class":75},[61,83175,83154],{"class":143},[61,83177,83],{"class":75},[61,83179,83107],{"class":71},[61,83181,83161],{"class":143},[61,83183,83],{"class":75},[61,83185,21858],{"class":9459},[61,83187,72],{"class":71},[61,83189,83116],{"class":143},[61,83191,153],{"class":75},[20,83193,83194],{},"The most important parts are:",[29,83196,83197,83202,83207],{},[32,83198,83199,83201],{},[15,83200,4000],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[32,83203,83204,83206],{},[15,83205,15122],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[32,83208,83209,83212],{},[15,83210,83211],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[47,83214,716,83216,83218],{"id":83215},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83217,82856],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83220,83221],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[52,83223,83225],{"className":54,"code":83224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83226,83227,83253,83269,83273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83228,83229,83231,83233,83235,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83230,5343],{"class":67},[61,83232,72],{"class":71},[61,83234,926],{"class":75},[61,83236,83237],{"class":79},"72",[61,83239,83],{"class":75},[61,83241,51792],{"class":79},[61,83243,83],{"class":75},[61,83245,13788],{"class":79},[61,83247,83],{"class":75},[61,83249,83250],{"class":79}," 66",[61,83252,943],{"class":75},[61,83254,83255,83258,83260,83263,83265,83267],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83256,83257],{"class":67},"highest_score ",[61,83259,72],{"class":71},[61,83261,83262],{"class":159}," max",[61,83264,147],{"class":75},[61,83266,16668],{"class":143},[61,83268,153],{"class":75},[61,83270,83271],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,83272,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,83274,83275,83277,83279,83282],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,83276,160],{"class":159},[61,83278,147],{"class":75},[61,83280,83281],{"class":143},"highest_score",[61,83283,153],{"class":75},[20,83285,1598],{},[52,83287,83289],{"className":54,"code":83288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"91\n",[15,83290,83291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83292,83293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83294,83288],{"class":79},[20,83296,83297],{},"This works well for:",[29,83299,83300,83303,83306,83309],{},[32,83301,83302],{},"Scores",[32,83304,83305],{},"Prices",[32,83307,83308],{},"Ages",[32,83310,83311],{},"Counts",[20,83313,52362],{},[52,83315,83317],{"className":54,"code":83316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83318,83319,83347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83320,83321,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83335,83337,83340,83342,83345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83322,83323],{"class":67},"prices ",[61,83325,72],{"class":71},[61,83327,926],{"class":75},[61,83329,40676],{"class":79},[61,83331,83],{"class":75},[61,83333,83334],{"class":79}," 5.50",[61,83336,83],{"class":75},[61,83338,83339],{"class":79}," 12.75",[61,83341,83],{"class":75},[61,83343,83344],{"class":79}," 29.00",[61,83346,943],{"class":75},[61,83348,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83360],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83350,160],{"class":159},[61,83352,147],{"class":75},[61,83354,82915],{"class":159},[61,83356,147],{"class":75},[61,83358,83359],{"class":143},"prices",[61,83361,1761],{"class":75},[20,83363,1598],{},[52,83365,83367],{"className":54,"code":83366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"29.0\n",[15,83368,83369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83370,83371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83372,83366],{"class":79},[20,83374,83375,83376,83378,83379,140],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83377,82856],{}," is simpler than ",[214,83380,83381],{"href":74797},[15,83382,74700],{},[47,83384,716,83386,83388],{"id":83385},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83387,82856],{}," with separate values",[20,83390,83391],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[52,83393,83395],{"className":54,"code":83394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83396,83397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83398,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83400,160],{"class":159},[61,83402,147],{"class":75},[61,83404,82915],{"class":159},[61,83406,147],{"class":75},[61,83408,788],{"class":79},[61,83410,83],{"class":75},[61,83412,31218],{"class":79},[61,83414,83],{"class":75},[61,83416,6274],{"class":79},[61,83418,1761],{"class":75},[20,83420,1598],{},[52,83422,83423],{"className":54,"code":2509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83424,83425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83426,83427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83428,2509],{"class":79},[20,83430,83431],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83433,83434],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[52,83436,83438],{"className":54,"code":83437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83439,83440,83449,83457,83467,83471,83494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83441,83442,83444,83446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83443,37],{"class":67},[61,83445,72],{"class":71},[61,83447,83448],{"class":79}," 15\n",[61,83450,83451,83453,83455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83452,294],{"class":67},[61,83454,72],{"class":71},[61,83456,3049],{"class":79},[61,83458,83459,83462,83464],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,83460,83461],{"class":67},"c ",[61,83463,72],{"class":71},[61,83465,83466],{"class":79}," 27\n",[61,83468,83469],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,83470,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,83472,83473,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,83474,83475],{"class":67},"largest ",[61,83477,72],{"class":71},[61,83479,83262],{"class":159},[61,83481,147],{"class":75},[61,83483,214],{"class":143},[61,83485,83],{"class":75},[61,83487,2840],{"class":143},[61,83489,83],{"class":75},[61,83491,9963],{"class":143},[61,83493,153],{"class":75},[61,83495,83496,83498,83500,83503],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,83497,160],{"class":159},[61,83499,147],{"class":75},[61,83501,83502],{"class":143},"largest",[61,83504,153],{"class":75},[20,83506,1598],{},[52,83508,83509],{"className":54,"code":46892,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83510,83511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83512,83513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83514,46892],{"class":79},[20,83516,83517],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[47,83519,716,83521,47339],{"id":83520},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83522,82856],{},[20,83524,83525,83527],{},[15,83526,82856],{}," can compare strings too.",[52,83529,83531],{"className":54,"code":83530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83532,83533,83565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83534,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83536,1778],{"class":67},[61,83538,72],{"class":71},[61,83540,926],{"class":75},[61,83542,504],{"class":503},[61,83544,508],{"class":507},[61,83546,504],{"class":503},[61,83548,83],{"class":75},[61,83550,515],{"class":503},[61,83552,518],{"class":507},[61,83554,504],{"class":503},[61,83556,83],{"class":75},[61,83558,515],{"class":503},[61,83560,79020],{"class":507},[61,83562,504],{"class":503},[61,83564,943],{"class":75},[61,83566,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83568,160],{"class":159},[61,83570,147],{"class":75},[61,83572,82915],{"class":159},[61,83574,147],{"class":75},[61,83576,4394],{"class":143},[61,83578,1761],{"class":75},[20,83580,1598],{},[52,83582,83583],{"className":54,"code":83021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83584,83585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83586,83587],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83588,83021],{"class":67},[20,83590,83591],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83593,68560],{},[29,83595,83596,83605,83608],{},[32,83597,83598,83601,83602,83604],{},[15,83599,83600],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83603,699],{}," alphabetically",[32,83606,83607],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[32,83609,83610],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83612,368],{},[52,83614,83616],{"className":54,"code":83615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83617,83618,83651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83619,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83621,1778],{"class":67},[61,83623,72],{"class":71},[61,83625,926],{"class":75},[61,83627,504],{"class":503},[61,83629,508],{"class":507},[61,83631,504],{"class":503},[61,83633,83],{"class":75},[61,83635,515],{"class":503},[61,83637,83638],{"class":507},"Banana",[61,83640,504],{"class":503},[61,83642,83],{"class":75},[61,83644,515],{"class":503},[61,83646,79020],{"class":507},[61,83648,504],{"class":503},[61,83650,943],{"class":75},[61,83652,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83654,160],{"class":159},[61,83656,147],{"class":75},[61,83658,82915],{"class":159},[61,83660,147],{"class":75},[61,83662,4394],{"class":143},[61,83664,1761],{"class":75},[20,83666,83667],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83669,83670,83671,83673],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83672,15122],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[47,83675,36889,83676,36892],{"id":78978},[15,83677,15122],{},[20,83679,2266,83680,83682],{},[15,83681,15122],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83684,83685],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[887,83687,83689],{"id":83688},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[52,83691,83693],{"className":54,"code":83692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83694,83695,83727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83696,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83698,1778],{"class":67},[61,83700,72],{"class":71},[61,83702,926],{"class":75},[61,83704,504],{"class":503},[61,83706,1218],{"class":507},[61,83708,504],{"class":503},[61,83710,83],{"class":75},[61,83712,515],{"class":503},[61,83714,68603],{"class":507},[61,83716,504],{"class":503},[61,83718,83],{"class":75},[61,83720,515],{"class":503},[61,83722,1787],{"class":507},[61,83724,504],{"class":503},[61,83726,943],{"class":75},[61,83728,83729,83731,83733,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83730,160],{"class":159},[61,83732,147],{"class":75},[61,83734,82915],{"class":159},[61,83736,147],{"class":75},[61,83738,4394],{"class":143},[61,83740,83],{"class":75},[61,83742,21858],{"class":9459},[61,83744,72],{"class":71},[61,83746,11442],{"class":159},[61,83748,1761],{"class":75},[20,83750,1598],{},[52,83752,83754],{"className":54,"code":83753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"elephant\n",[15,83755,83756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83757,83758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83759,83753],{"class":67},[20,83761,21050,83762,83765],{},[15,83763,83764],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83767,83768,83769,33903,83771,140],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83770,42639],{},[214,83772,83773,6063],{"href":42636},[15,83774,42639],{},[887,83776,83778],{"id":83777},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[52,83780,83782],{"className":54,"code":83781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83783,83784,83816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83785,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83787,1778],{"class":67},[61,83789,72],{"class":71},[61,83791,926],{"class":75},[61,83793,504],{"class":503},[61,83795,508],{"class":507},[61,83797,504],{"class":503},[61,83799,83],{"class":75},[61,83801,515],{"class":503},[61,83803,83638],{"class":507},[61,83805,504],{"class":503},[61,83807,83],{"class":75},[61,83809,515],{"class":503},[61,83811,79020],{"class":507},[61,83813,504],{"class":503},[61,83815,943],{"class":75},[61,83817,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83819,160],{"class":159},[61,83821,147],{"class":75},[61,83823,82915],{"class":159},[61,83825,147],{"class":75},[61,83827,4394],{"class":143},[61,83829,83],{"class":75},[61,83831,21858],{"class":9459},[61,83833,72],{"class":71},[61,83835,3724],{"class":2071},[61,83837,140],{"class":75},[61,83839,8923],{"class":2103},[61,83841,1761],{"class":75},[20,83843,1598],{},[52,83845,83846],{"className":54,"code":83021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83847,83848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83849,83850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83851,83021],{"class":67},[20,83853,21050,83854,83856],{},[15,83855,78974],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[887,83858,83860],{"id":83859},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83862,83863,83864,192],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83865,37936],{},[52,83867,83869],{"className":54,"code":83868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83870,83871,83914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83892,83894,83896,83898,83901,83903,83905,83907,83910,83912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83874,8061],{"class":67},[61,83876,72],{"class":71},[61,83878,926],{"class":75},[61,83880,504],{"class":503},[61,83882,214],{"class":507},[61,83884,504],{"class":503},[61,83886,83],{"class":75},[61,83888,515],{"class":503},[61,83890,83891],{"class":507},"bb",[61,83893,504],{"class":503},[61,83895,83],{"class":75},[61,83897,515],{"class":503},[61,83899,83900],{"class":507},"cccc",[61,83902,504],{"class":503},[61,83904,83],{"class":75},[61,83906,515],{"class":503},[61,83908,83909],{"class":507},"ddd",[61,83911,504],{"class":503},[61,83913,943],{"class":75},[61,83915,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83917,160],{"class":159},[61,83919,147],{"class":75},[61,83921,82915],{"class":159},[61,83923,147],{"class":75},[61,83925,8092],{"class":143},[61,83927,83],{"class":75},[61,83929,21858],{"class":9459},[61,83931,72],{"class":71},[61,83933,37936],{"class":2350},[61,83935,43120],{"class":37939},[61,83937,192],{"class":75},[61,83939,38663],{"class":159},[61,83941,147],{"class":75},[61,83943,34983],{"class":143},[61,83945,3193],{"class":75},[20,83947,1598],{},[52,83949,83951],{"className":54,"code":83950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cccc\n",[15,83952,83953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83954,83955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83956,83950],{"class":67},[20,83958,49831,83959,700,83961,83963],{},[15,83960,83764],{},[15,83962,78861],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[47,83965,36889,83967,36892],{"id":83966},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83968,83211],{},[20,83970,2266,83971,83973],{},[15,83972,83211],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83975,83976],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[52,83978,83980],{"className":54,"code":83979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83981,83982,83990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83983,83984,83986,83988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83985,900],{"class":67},[61,83987,72],{"class":71},[61,83989,8121],{"class":75},[61,83991,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83993,160],{"class":159},[61,83995,147],{"class":75},[61,83997,82915],{"class":159},[61,83999,147],{"class":75},[61,84001,3929],{"class":143},[61,84003,83],{"class":75},[61,84005,26799],{"class":9459},[61,84007,72],{"class":71},[61,84009,2405],{"class":79},[61,84011,1761],{"class":75},[20,84013,1598],{},[52,84015,84016],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84017,84018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84019,84020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84021,47532],{"class":79},[20,84023,84024],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84026,84027,84028,84030],{},"Without ",[15,84029,83211],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84032,52362],{},[52,84034,84036],{"className":54,"code":84035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84037,84038,84046,84073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84039,84040,84042,84044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84041,1778],{"class":67},[61,84043,72],{"class":71},[61,84045,8121],{"class":75},[61,84047,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84069,84071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84049,132],{"class":67},[61,84051,72],{"class":71},[61,84053,83262],{"class":159},[61,84055,147],{"class":75},[61,84057,4394],{"class":143},[61,84059,83],{"class":75},[61,84061,26799],{"class":9459},[61,84063,72],{"class":71},[61,84065,504],{"class":503},[61,84067,84068],{"class":507},"no words found",[61,84070,504],{"class":503},[61,84072,153],{"class":75},[61,84074,84075,84077,84079,84081],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,84076,160],{"class":159},[61,84078,147],{"class":75},[61,84080,165],{"class":143},[61,84082,153],{"class":75},[20,84084,1598],{},[52,84086,84088],{"className":54,"code":84087,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"no words found\n",[15,84089,84090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84091,84092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84093,84087],{"class":67},[20,84095,84096],{},"Important:",[29,84098,84099,84107],{},[32,84100,84101,84103,84104],{},[15,84102,83211],{}," works with ",[15,84105,84106],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[32,84108,41184,84109,84111,84112],{},[39,84110,4909],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84113,84114],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[47,84116,48267],{"id":48266},[20,84118,84119,84120,140],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84121,82856],{},[887,84123,84125,84127],{"id":84124},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84126,40982],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84129,84130,84131,46188,84133,140],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84132,83211],{},[15,84134,40982],{},[52,84136,84138],{"className":54,"code":84137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84139,84140,84148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84141,84142,84144,84146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84143,900],{"class":67},[61,84145,72],{"class":71},[61,84147,8121],{"class":75},[61,84149,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84151,160],{"class":159},[61,84153,147],{"class":75},[61,84155,82915],{"class":159},[61,84157,147],{"class":75},[61,84159,3929],{"class":143},[61,84161,1761],{"class":75},[20,84163,29957],{},[52,84165,84167],{"className":54,"code":84166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84168,84169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84170,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84182,84184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84172,40982],{"class":2071},[61,84174,192],{"class":75},[61,84176,83262],{"class":159},[61,84178,7646],{"class":75},[61,84180,84181],{"class":67}," arg ",[61,84183,12474],{"class":71},[61,84185,84186],{"class":67}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84188,84189,84190,192],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84191,83211],{},[52,84193,84195],{"className":54,"code":84194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84196,84197,84205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84198,84199,84201,84203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84200,900],{"class":67},[61,84202,72],{"class":71},[61,84204,8121],{"class":75},[61,84206,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84208,160],{"class":159},[61,84210,147],{"class":75},[61,84212,82915],{"class":159},[61,84214,147],{"class":75},[61,84216,3929],{"class":143},[61,84218,83],{"class":75},[61,84220,26799],{"class":9459},[61,84222,72],{"class":71},[61,84224,4058],{"class":4133},[61,84226,1761],{"class":75},[20,84228,84229,84230,140],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[214,84231,66117],{"href":73154},[887,84233,84235,84237],{"id":84234},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84236,3285],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84239,84240,84241,140],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84242,3285],{},[52,84244,84246],{"className":54,"code":84245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84247,84248,84272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84249,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84251,8061],{"class":67},[61,84253,72],{"class":71},[61,84255,926],{"class":75},[61,84257,2613],{"class":79},[61,84259,83],{"class":75},[61,84261,515],{"class":503},[61,84263,16033],{"class":507},[61,84265,504],{"class":503},[61,84267,83],{"class":75},[61,84269,8077],{"class":79},[61,84271,943],{"class":75},[61,84273,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84275,160],{"class":159},[61,84277,147],{"class":75},[61,84279,82915],{"class":159},[61,84281,147],{"class":75},[61,84283,8092],{"class":143},[61,84285,1761],{"class":75},[20,84287,84288],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84290,84291],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[52,84293,84295],{"className":54,"code":84294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84296,84297,84317],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84298,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84300,8061],{"class":67},[61,84302,72],{"class":71},[61,84304,926],{"class":75},[61,84306,2613],{"class":79},[61,84308,83],{"class":75},[61,84310,8072],{"class":79},[61,84312,83],{"class":75},[61,84314,8077],{"class":79},[61,84316,943],{"class":75},[61,84318,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84320,160],{"class":159},[61,84322,147],{"class":75},[61,84324,82915],{"class":159},[61,84326,147],{"class":75},[61,84328,8092],{"class":143},[61,84330,1761],{"class":75},[20,84332,84333,84334,140],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[214,84335,84337],{"href":84336},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[887,84339,84341,84343],{"id":84340},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84342,3285],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84345,84346,84348],{},[15,84347,82856],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[52,84350,84352],{"className":54,"code":84351,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max())\n",[15,84353,84354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84357,160],{"class":159},[61,84359,147],{"class":75},[61,84361,82915],{"class":159},[61,84363,7474],{"class":75},[20,84365,3282,84366,140],{},[15,84367,3285],{},[47,84369,84371,1310,84373],{"id":84370},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84372,82856],{},[15,84374,74700],{},[20,84376,84377],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84379,84380,192],{},[15,84381,82856],{},[29,84383,84384],{},[32,84385,84386],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84388,84389,192],{},[15,84390,74700],{},[29,84392,84393],{},[32,84394,84395],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84397,368],{},[52,84399,84401],{"className":54,"code":84400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84402,84403,84427,84431,84445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84404,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423,84425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84406,900],{"class":67},[61,84408,72],{"class":71},[61,84410,926],{"class":75},[61,84412,107],{"class":79},[61,84414,83],{"class":75},[61,84416,6639],{"class":79},[61,84418,83],{"class":75},[61,84420,86],{"class":79},[61,84422,83],{"class":75},[61,84424,117],{"class":79},[61,84426,943],{"class":75},[61,84428,84429],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84430,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,84432,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,84434,160],{"class":159},[61,84436,147],{"class":75},[61,84438,82915],{"class":159},[61,84440,147],{"class":75},[61,84442,3929],{"class":143},[61,84444,1761],{"class":75},[61,84446,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,84448,160],{"class":159},[61,84450,147],{"class":75},[61,84452,74790],{"class":159},[61,84454,147],{"class":75},[61,84456,3929],{"class":143},[61,84458,1761],{"class":75},[20,84460,1598],{},[52,84462,84464],{"className":54,"code":84463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84465,84466,84470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84467,84468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84469,2664],{"class":79},[61,84471,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84473,4182],{"class":75},[61,84475,301],{"class":79},[61,84477,83],{"class":75},[61,84479,91],{"class":79},[61,84481,83],{"class":75},[61,84483,117],{"class":79},[61,84485,83],{"class":75},[61,84487,6639],{"class":79},[61,84489,943],{"class":75},[20,84491,1503,84492,84494],{},[15,84493,82856],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84496,1503,84497,84501],{},[214,84498,84499],{"href":74797},[15,84500,74700],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84503,84504,84505,140],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[214,84506,84508],{"href":84507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84509,84510],{},"min()",[47,84512,3111],{"id":3110},[20,84514,84515],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[29,84517,84518,84525,84528,84533,84536],{},[32,84519,29926,84520,84522,84523],{},[15,84521,82856],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84524,83211],{},[32,84526,84527],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[32,84529,1524,84530,84532],{},[15,84531,82856],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[32,84534,84535],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[32,84537,716,84538,84540],{},[15,84539,83211],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84542,11393],{},[52,84544,84546],{"className":54,"code":84545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84547,84548,84558,84572,84586,84600,84622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84549,84550,84552,84554,84556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84551,160],{"class":159},[61,84553,147],{"class":75},[61,84555,8092],{"class":143},[61,84557,153],{"class":75},[61,84559,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84561,160],{"class":159},[61,84563,147],{"class":75},[61,84565,2072],{"class":2071},[61,84567,147],{"class":75},[61,84569,8092],{"class":143},[61,84571,1761],{"class":75},[61,84573,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,84575,160],{"class":159},[61,84577,147],{"class":75},[61,84579,11442],{"class":159},[61,84581,147],{"class":75},[61,84583,8092],{"class":143},[61,84585,1761],{"class":75},[61,84587,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,84589,160],{"class":159},[61,84591,147],{"class":75},[61,84593,82915],{"class":159},[61,84595,147],{"class":75},[61,84597,8092],{"class":143},[61,84599,1761],{"class":75},[61,84601,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,84603,160],{"class":159},[61,84605,147],{"class":75},[61,84607,82915],{"class":159},[61,84609,147],{"class":75},[61,84611,8092],{"class":143},[61,84613,83],{"class":75},[61,84615,26799],{"class":9459},[61,84617,72],{"class":71},[61,84619,4058],{"class":4133},[61,84621,1761],{"class":75},[61,84623,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,84625,160],{"class":159},[61,84627,1878],{"class":75},[61,84629,2072],{"class":2071},[61,84631,147],{"class":75},[61,84633,2458],{"class":143},[61,84635,442],{"class":75},[61,84637,4159],{"class":4158},[61,84639,4162],{"class":143},[61,84641,4165],{"class":4158},[61,84643,6246],{"class":143},[61,84645,1887],{"class":75},[20,84647,84648],{},"These are useful for checking:",[29,84650,84651,84656,84661,84664],{},[32,84652,84653,84654],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84655,8092],{},[32,84657,80027,84658,84660],{},[15,84659,8092],{}," is a list or some other type",[32,84662,84663],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[32,84665,84666],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84668,69624,84669,84672,84673,84675],{},[15,84670,84671],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84674,8092],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[47,84677,2109],{"id":2108},[887,84679,5422,84681,5425],{"id":84680},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84682,82856],{},[20,84684,84685],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[887,84687,2123,84689,84691],{"id":84688},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84690,82856],{}," work with strings?",[20,84693,84694],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[887,84696,71922],{"id":71921},[20,84698,84699,52777,84701,84703,84704,84706],{},[15,84700,82856],{},[15,84702,40982],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84705,83211],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[887,84708,84710,84711,2159],{"id":84709},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84712,82856],{},[20,84714,1503,84715,192],{},[15,84716,83764],{},[52,84718,84719],{"className":54,"code":83692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84720,84721,84753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84722,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84724,1778],{"class":67},[61,84726,72],{"class":71},[61,84728,926],{"class":75},[61,84730,504],{"class":503},[61,84732,1218],{"class":507},[61,84734,504],{"class":503},[61,84736,83],{"class":75},[61,84738,515],{"class":503},[61,84740,68603],{"class":507},[61,84742,504],{"class":503},[61,84744,83],{"class":75},[61,84746,515],{"class":503},[61,84748,1787],{"class":507},[61,84750,504],{"class":503},[61,84752,943],{"class":75},[61,84754,84755,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84756,160],{"class":159},[61,84758,147],{"class":75},[61,84760,82915],{"class":159},[61,84762,147],{"class":75},[61,84764,4394],{"class":143},[61,84766,83],{"class":75},[61,84768,21858],{"class":9459},[61,84770,72],{"class":71},[61,84772,11442],{"class":159},[61,84774,1761],{"class":75},[887,84776,2153,84778,700,84780,2159],{"id":84777},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84779,82856],{},[15,84781,74700],{},[20,84783,84784,84786,84787,84789],{},[15,84785,82856],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":84828},[84829,84830,84832,84833,84835,84837,84839,84844,84846,84854,84856,84857,84868],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":83046,"depth":97,"text":84831},"What max() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":83215,"depth":97,"text":84834},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83385,"depth":97,"text":84836},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83520,"depth":97,"text":84838},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78978,"depth":97,"text":80176,"children":84840},[84841,84842,84843],{"id":83688,"depth":122,"text":83689},{"id":83777,"depth":122,"text":83778},{"id":83859,"depth":122,"text":83860},{"id":83966,"depth":97,"text":84845},"Using the default argument",{"id":48266,"depth":97,"text":48267,"children":84847},[84848,84850,84852],{"id":84124,"depth":122,"text":84849},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84234,"depth":122,"text":84851},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84340,"depth":122,"text":84853},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84370,"depth":97,"text":84855},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":84858},[84859,84861,84863,84864,84866],{"id":84680,"depth":122,"text":84860},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84688,"depth":122,"text":84862},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71921,"depth":122,"text":71922},{"id":84709,"depth":122,"text":84865},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84777,"depth":122,"text":84867},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82848,"description":84869},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84876,"title":84877,"body":84878,"description":86832,"extension":2249,"meta":86833,"navigation":125,"path":86834,"seo":86835,"stem":86836,"__hash__":86837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84879,"toc":86789},[84880,84885,84890,84896,84898,84972,84974,84987,84992,84997,85013,85017,85022,85098,85104,85107,85150,85152,85160,85166,85169,85200,85202,85210,85216,85221,85280,85282,85291,85294,85304,85310,85315,85350,85352,85360,85366,85372,85377,85421,85423,85432,85435,85475,85477,85486,85489,85501,85506,85511,85562,85564,85573,85576,85627,85629,85638,85641,85648,85654,85659,85661,85676,85680,85740,85742,85751,85755,85927,85929,85966,85973,85979,85982,86009,86011,86032,86037,86072,86074,86082,86085,86088,86104,86109,86111,86115,86121,86125,86152,86155,86165,86205,86209,86212,86255,86257,86266,86269,86274,86343,86345,86353,86358,86362,86365,86416,86418,86426,86429,86492,86494,86502,86505,86510,86514,86527,86534,86542,86544,86546,86576,86582,86683,86693,86695,86700,86703,86708,86711,86713,86721,86729,86737,86744,86752,86754,86786],[10,84881,13,84883,3860],{"id":84882},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84884,84510],{},[20,84886,84887,84889],{},[15,84888,84510],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84891,84892,84893,84895],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84894,84510],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[47,84897,50],{"id":49},[52,84899,84901],{"className":54,"code":84900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84902,84903,84927,84942,84946],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84904,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84906,900],{"class":67},[61,84908,72],{"class":71},[61,84910,926],{"class":75},[61,84912,1013],{"class":79},[61,84914,83],{"class":75},[61,84916,86],{"class":79},[61,84918,83],{"class":75},[61,84920,54419],{"class":79},[61,84922,83],{"class":75},[61,84924,1720],{"class":79},[61,84926,943],{"class":75},[61,84928,84929,84931,84933,84936,84938,84940],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84930,160],{"class":159},[61,84932,147],{"class":75},[61,84934,84935],{"class":159},"min",[61,84937,147],{"class":75},[61,84939,3929],{"class":143},[61,84941,1761],{"class":75},[61,84943,84944],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,84945,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,84947,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,84949,160],{"class":159},[61,84951,147],{"class":75},[61,84953,84935],{"class":159},[61,84955,147],{"class":75},[61,84957,1013],{"class":79},[61,84959,83],{"class":75},[61,84961,86],{"class":79},[61,84963,83],{"class":75},[61,84965,54419],{"class":79},[61,84967,83],{"class":75},[61,84969,1720],{"class":79},[61,84971,1761],{"class":75},[20,84973,1598],{},[52,84975,84977],{"className":54,"code":84976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n1\n",[15,84978,84979,84983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84980,84981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84982,47197],{"class":79},[61,84984,84985],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84986,47197],{"class":79},[20,84988,1503,84989,84991],{},[15,84990,84510],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[47,84993,184,84995,187],{"id":84994},"what-min-does",[15,84996,84510],{},[29,84998,84999,85004,85007,85010],{},[32,85000,85001,85003],{},[15,85002,84510],{}," returns the smallest item",[32,85005,85006],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[32,85008,85009],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[32,85011,85012],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[47,85014,85016],{"id":85015},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85018,85019,85020,192],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85021,84510],{},[52,85023,85025],{"className":54,"code":85024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85026,85027,85037,85062,85080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85028,85029,85031,85033,85035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85030,84935],{"class":159},[61,85032,147],{"class":75},[61,85034,4000],{"class":143},[61,85036,153],{"class":75},[61,85038,85039,85041,85043,85046,85048,85051,85053,85056,85058,85060],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85040,84935],{"class":159},[61,85042,147],{"class":75},[61,85044,85045],{"class":143},"value1",[61,85047,83],{"class":75},[61,85049,85050],{"class":143}," value2",[61,85052,83],{"class":75},[61,85054,85055],{"class":143}," value3",[61,85057,83],{"class":75},[61,85059,249],{"class":159},[61,85061,153],{"class":75},[61,85063,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,85065,84935],{"class":159},[61,85067,147],{"class":75},[61,85069,4000],{"class":143},[61,85071,83],{"class":75},[61,85073,21858],{"class":9459},[61,85075,72],{"class":71},[61,85077,37647],{"class":159},[61,85079,153],{"class":75},[61,85081,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,85083,84935],{"class":159},[61,85085,147],{"class":75},[61,85087,4000],{"class":143},[61,85089,83],{"class":75},[61,85091,26799],{"class":9459},[61,85093,72],{"class":71},[61,85095,37647],{"class":159},[61,85097,153],{"class":75},[887,85099,85101],{"id":85100},"miniterable",[15,85102,85103],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85105,85106],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[52,85108,85110],{"className":54,"code":85109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85111,85112,85136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85113,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85115,900],{"class":67},[61,85117,72],{"class":71},[61,85119,926],{"class":75},[61,85121,2628],{"class":79},[61,85123,83],{"class":75},[61,85125,91],{"class":79},[61,85127,83],{"class":75},[61,85129,31218],{"class":79},[61,85131,83],{"class":75},[61,85133,1720],{"class":79},[61,85135,943],{"class":75},[61,85137,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85139,160],{"class":159},[61,85141,147],{"class":75},[61,85143,84935],{"class":159},[61,85145,147],{"class":75},[61,85147,3929],{"class":143},[61,85149,1761],{"class":75},[20,85151,1598],{},[52,85153,85154],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85155,85156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85157,85158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85159,47197],{"class":79},[887,85161,85163],{"id":85162},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85164,85165],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85167,85168],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[52,85170,85172],{"className":54,"code":85171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85173,85174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85175,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85177,160],{"class":159},[61,85179,147],{"class":75},[61,85181,84935],{"class":159},[61,85183,147],{"class":75},[61,85185,2628],{"class":79},[61,85187,83],{"class":75},[61,85189,91],{"class":79},[61,85191,83],{"class":75},[61,85193,31218],{"class":79},[61,85195,83],{"class":75},[61,85197,1720],{"class":79},[61,85199,1761],{"class":75},[20,85201,1598],{},[52,85203,85204],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85205,85206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85207,85208],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85209,47197],{"class":79},[887,85211,85213],{"id":85212},"miniterable-key",[15,85214,85215],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85217,1503,85218,85220],{},[15,85219,15122],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[52,85222,85224],{"className":54,"code":85223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85225,85226,85258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85227,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85229,1778],{"class":67},[61,85231,72],{"class":71},[61,85233,926],{"class":75},[61,85235,504],{"class":503},[61,85237,79020],{"class":507},[61,85239,504],{"class":503},[61,85241,83],{"class":75},[61,85243,515],{"class":503},[61,85245,38618],{"class":507},[61,85247,504],{"class":503},[61,85249,83],{"class":75},[61,85251,515],{"class":503},[61,85253,518],{"class":507},[61,85255,504],{"class":503},[61,85257,943],{"class":75},[61,85259,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85261,160],{"class":159},[61,85263,147],{"class":75},[61,85265,84935],{"class":159},[61,85267,147],{"class":75},[61,85269,4394],{"class":143},[61,85271,83],{"class":75},[61,85273,21858],{"class":9459},[61,85275,72],{"class":71},[61,85277,11442],{"class":159},[61,85279,1761],{"class":75},[20,85281,1598],{},[52,85283,85285],{"className":54,"code":85284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"kiwi\n",[15,85286,85287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85288,85289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85290,85284],{"class":67},[20,85292,85293],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85295,85296,85297,85299,85300,140],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85298,42639],{},", see the ",[214,85301,85302,3790],{"href":42636},[15,85303,42639],{},[887,85305,85307],{"id":85306},"miniterable-default",[15,85308,85309],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85311,1503,85312,85314],{},[15,85313,83211],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[52,85316,85318],{"className":54,"code":85317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85319,85320,85328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85321,85322,85324,85326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85323,900],{"class":67},[61,85325,72],{"class":71},[61,85327,8121],{"class":75},[61,85329,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85331,160],{"class":159},[61,85333,147],{"class":75},[61,85335,84935],{"class":159},[61,85337,147],{"class":75},[61,85339,3929],{"class":143},[61,85341,83],{"class":75},[61,85343,26799],{"class":9459},[61,85345,72],{"class":71},[61,85347,2405],{"class":79},[61,85349,1761],{"class":75},[20,85351,1598],{},[52,85353,85354],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85355,85356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85357,85358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85359,47532],{"class":79},[20,85361,85362,85363,85365],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85364,40982],{}," when there is no item to return.",[47,85367,716,85369,85371],{"id":85368},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85370,84510],{}," with numbers",[20,85373,85374,85376],{},[15,85375,84510],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[52,85378,85380],{"className":54,"code":85379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85381,85382,85407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85383,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85385,5343],{"class":67},[61,85387,72],{"class":71},[61,85389,926],{"class":75},[61,85391,51787],{"class":79},[61,85393,83],{"class":75},[61,85395,85396],{"class":79}," 72",[61,85398,83],{"class":75},[61,85400,29182],{"class":79},[61,85402,83],{"class":75},[61,85404,76376],{"class":79},[61,85406,943],{"class":75},[61,85408,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85410,160],{"class":159},[61,85412,147],{"class":75},[61,85414,84935],{"class":159},[61,85416,147],{"class":75},[61,85418,16668],{"class":143},[61,85420,1761],{"class":75},[20,85422,1598],{},[52,85424,85426],{"className":54,"code":85425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"60\n",[15,85427,85428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85429,85430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85431,85425],{"class":79},[20,85433,85434],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[52,85436,85438],{"className":54,"code":85437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85439,85440,85461],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85441,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85455,85457,85459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85443,83323],{"class":67},[61,85445,72],{"class":71},[61,85447,926],{"class":75},[61,85449,40676],{"class":79},[61,85451,83],{"class":75},[61,85453,85454],{"class":79}," 5.49",[61,85456,83],{"class":75},[61,85458,83339],{"class":79},[61,85460,943],{"class":75},[61,85462,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85464,160],{"class":159},[61,85466,147],{"class":75},[61,85468,84935],{"class":159},[61,85470,147],{"class":75},[61,85472,83359],{"class":143},[61,85474,1761],{"class":75},[20,85476,1598],{},[52,85478,85480],{"className":54,"code":85479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.49\n",[15,85481,85482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85483,85484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85485,85479],{"class":79},[20,85487,85488],{},"This is useful for things like:",[29,85490,85491,85493,85495,85498],{},[32,85492,16668],{},[32,85494,83359],{},[32,85496,85497],{},"measurements",[32,85499,85500],{},"ages",[47,85502,716,85504,47339],{"id":85503},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85505,84510],{},[20,85507,85508,85510],{},[15,85509,84510],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[52,85512,85514],{"className":54,"code":85513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85515,85516,85548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85517,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85519,1778],{"class":67},[61,85521,72],{"class":71},[61,85523,926],{"class":75},[61,85525,504],{"class":503},[61,85527,518],{"class":507},[61,85529,504],{"class":503},[61,85531,83],{"class":75},[61,85533,515],{"class":503},[61,85535,508],{"class":507},[61,85537,504],{"class":503},[61,85539,83],{"class":75},[61,85541,515],{"class":503},[61,85543,4377],{"class":507},[61,85545,504],{"class":503},[61,85547,943],{"class":75},[61,85549,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85551,160],{"class":159},[61,85553,147],{"class":75},[61,85555,84935],{"class":159},[61,85557,147],{"class":75},[61,85559,4394],{"class":143},[61,85561,1761],{"class":75},[20,85563,1598],{},[52,85565,85567],{"className":54,"code":85566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple\n",[15,85568,85569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85570,85571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85572,85566],{"class":67},[20,85574,85575],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[52,85577,85579],{"className":54,"code":85578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85580,85581,85613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85582,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85584,1778],{"class":67},[61,85586,72],{"class":71},[61,85588,926],{"class":75},[61,85590,504],{"class":503},[61,85592,518],{"class":507},[61,85594,504],{"class":503},[61,85596,83],{"class":75},[61,85598,515],{"class":503},[61,85600,58051],{"class":507},[61,85602,504],{"class":503},[61,85604,83],{"class":75},[61,85606,515],{"class":503},[61,85608,4377],{"class":507},[61,85610,504],{"class":503},[61,85612,943],{"class":75},[61,85614,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85616,160],{"class":159},[61,85618,147],{"class":75},[61,85620,84935],{"class":159},[61,85622,147],{"class":75},[61,85624,4394],{"class":143},[61,85626,1761],{"class":75},[20,85628,1598],{},[52,85630,85632],{"className":54,"code":85631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\n",[15,85633,85634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85635,85636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85637,85631],{"class":67},[20,85639,85640],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85642,85643,85644,140],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[214,85645,85646,6063],{"href":74797},[15,85647,74700],{},[47,85649,716,85651,85653],{"id":85650},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85652,84510],{}," with a key function",[20,85655,2266,85656,85658],{},[15,85657,15122],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85660,11739],{},[29,85662,85663,85668,85673],{},[32,85664,85665,85667],{},[15,85666,15122],{}," changes the comparison rule",[32,85669,85670,85672],{},[15,85671,84510],{}," still returns the original item",[32,85674,85675],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[887,85677,85679],{"id":85678},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[52,85681,85683],{"className":54,"code":85682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85684,85685,85718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85714,85716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85688,1778],{"class":67},[61,85690,72],{"class":71},[61,85692,926],{"class":75},[61,85694,504],{"class":503},[61,85696,68603],{"class":507},[61,85698,504],{"class":503},[61,85700,83],{"class":75},[61,85702,515],{"class":503},[61,85704,1218],{"class":507},[61,85706,504],{"class":503},[61,85708,83],{"class":75},[61,85710,515],{"class":503},[61,85712,85713],{"class":507},"giraffe",[61,85715,504],{"class":503},[61,85717,943],{"class":75},[61,85719,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85721,160],{"class":159},[61,85723,147],{"class":75},[61,85725,84935],{"class":159},[61,85727,147],{"class":75},[61,85729,4394],{"class":143},[61,85731,83],{"class":75},[61,85733,21858],{"class":9459},[61,85735,72],{"class":71},[61,85737,11442],{"class":159},[61,85739,1761],{"class":75},[20,85741,1598],{},[52,85743,85745],{"className":54,"code":85744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat\n",[15,85746,85747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85748,85749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85750,85744],{"class":67},[887,85752,85754],{"id":85753},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[52,85756,85758],{"className":54,"code":85757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85759,85760,85770,85805,85837,85869,85873,85877,85916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85761,85762,85765,85767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85763,85764],{"class":67},"students ",[61,85766,72],{"class":71},[61,85768,85769],{"class":75}," [\n",[61,85771,85772,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85773,85774],{"class":75},"    {",[61,85776,504],{"class":503},[61,85778,7949],{"class":507},[61,85780,504],{"class":503},[61,85782,192],{"class":75},[61,85784,515],{"class":503},[61,85786,13161],{"class":507},[61,85788,504],{"class":503},[61,85790,83],{"class":75},[61,85792,515],{"class":503},[61,85794,85795],{"class":507},"score",[61,85797,504],{"class":503},[61,85799,192],{"class":75},[61,85801,13788],{"class":79},[61,85803,85804],{"class":75},"},\n",[61,85806,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,85808,85774],{"class":75},[61,85810,504],{"class":503},[61,85812,7949],{"class":507},[61,85814,504],{"class":503},[61,85816,192],{"class":75},[61,85818,515],{"class":503},[61,85820,36217],{"class":507},[61,85822,504],{"class":503},[61,85824,83],{"class":75},[61,85826,515],{"class":503},[61,85828,85795],{"class":507},[61,85830,504],{"class":503},[61,85832,192],{"class":75},[61,85834,85396],{"class":79},[61,85836,85804],{"class":75},[61,85838,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,85840,85774],{"class":75},[61,85842,504],{"class":503},[61,85844,7949],{"class":507},[61,85846,504],{"class":503},[61,85848,192],{"class":75},[61,85850,515],{"class":503},[61,85852,36226],{"class":507},[61,85854,504],{"class":503},[61,85856,83],{"class":75},[61,85858,515],{"class":503},[61,85860,85795],{"class":507},[61,85862,504],{"class":503},[61,85864,192],{"class":75},[61,85866,20177],{"class":79},[61,85868,94],{"class":75},[61,85870,85871],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,85872,943],{"class":75},[61,85874,85875],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,85876,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,85878,85879,85882,85884,85887,85889,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,85880,85881],{"class":67},"lowest ",[61,85883,72],{"class":71},[61,85885,85886],{"class":159}," min",[61,85888,147],{"class":75},[61,85890,85891],{"class":143},"students",[61,85893,83],{"class":75},[61,85895,21858],{"class":9459},[61,85897,72],{"class":71},[61,85899,37936],{"class":2350},[61,85901,13187],{"class":37939},[61,85903,192],{"class":75},[61,85905,13187],{"class":143},[61,85907,4182],{"class":75},[61,85909,504],{"class":503},[61,85911,85795],{"class":507},[61,85913,504],{"class":503},[61,85915,1887],{"class":75},[61,85917,85918,85920,85922,85925],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,85919,160],{"class":159},[61,85921,147],{"class":75},[61,85923,85924],{"class":143},"lowest",[61,85926,153],{"class":75},[20,85928,1598],{},[52,85930,85932],{"className":54,"code":85931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85933,85934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85935,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85937,627],{"class":75},[61,85939,630],{"class":503},[61,85941,7949],{"class":507},[61,85943,630],{"class":503},[61,85945,192],{"class":75},[61,85947,639],{"class":503},[61,85949,36217],{"class":507},[61,85951,630],{"class":503},[61,85953,83],{"class":75},[61,85955,639],{"class":503},[61,85957,85795],{"class":507},[61,85959,630],{"class":503},[61,85961,192],{"class":75},[61,85963,85396],{"class":79},[61,85965,94],{"class":75},[20,85967,85968,85969,85972],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85970,85971],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[47,85974,716,85976,85978],{"id":85975},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85977,83211],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85980,85981],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[52,85983,85985],{"className":54,"code":85984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85986,85987,85995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85988,85989,85991,85993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85990,900],{"class":67},[61,85992,72],{"class":71},[61,85994,8121],{"class":75},[61,85996,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85998,160],{"class":159},[61,86000,147],{"class":75},[61,86002,84935],{"class":159},[61,86004,147],{"class":75},[61,86006,3929],{"class":143},[61,86008,1761],{"class":75},[20,86010,1598],{},[52,86012,86014],{"className":54,"code":86013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86015,86016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86017,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86019,40982],{"class":2071},[61,86021,192],{"class":75},[61,86023,85886],{"class":159},[61,86025,7646],{"class":75},[61,86027,84181],{"class":67},[61,86029,12474],{"class":71},[61,86031,84186],{"class":67},[20,86033,86034,86035,192],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86036,83211],{},[52,86038,86040],{"className":54,"code":86039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86041,86042,86050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86043,86044,86046,86048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86045,900],{"class":67},[61,86047,72],{"class":71},[61,86049,8121],{"class":75},[61,86051,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86053,160],{"class":159},[61,86055,147],{"class":75},[61,86057,84935],{"class":159},[61,86059,147],{"class":75},[61,86061,3929],{"class":143},[61,86063,83],{"class":75},[61,86065,26799],{"class":9459},[61,86067,72],{"class":71},[61,86069,4058],{"class":4133},[61,86071,1761],{"class":75},[20,86073,1598],{},[52,86075,86076],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,86077,86078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86079,86080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86081,12088],{"class":4133},[20,86083,86084],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86086,86087],{},"Remember:",[29,86089,86090,86098],{},[32,86091,86092,86094,86095,86097],{},[15,86093,83211],{}," works only when ",[15,86096,84510],{}," gets one iterable argument",[32,86099,86100,86101],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86102,86103],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86105,86106,86107,140],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[214,86108,66117],{"href":73154},[47,86110,11024],{"id":11023},[20,86112,57059,86113,140],{},[15,86114,84510],{},[887,86116,86118,86119],{"id":86117},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86120,83211],{},[20,86122,3282,86123,192],{},[15,86124,40982],{},[52,86126,86128],{"className":54,"code":86127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86129,86130,86138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86131,86132,86134,86136],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86133,8061],{"class":67},[61,86135,72],{"class":71},[61,86137,8121],{"class":75},[61,86139,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86141,160],{"class":159},[61,86143,147],{"class":75},[61,86145,84935],{"class":159},[61,86147,147],{"class":75},[61,86149,8092],{"class":143},[61,86151,1761],{"class":75},[20,86153,86154],{},"Fix it by:",[29,86156,86157,86160],{},[32,86158,86159],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[32,86161,86162,86163],{},"or using ",[15,86164,83211],{},[52,86166,86168],{"className":54,"code":86167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86169,86170,86178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86171,86172,86174,86176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86173,8061],{"class":67},[61,86175,72],{"class":71},[61,86177,8121],{"class":75},[61,86179,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86201,86203],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86181,160],{"class":159},[61,86183,147],{"class":75},[61,86185,84935],{"class":159},[61,86187,147],{"class":75},[61,86189,8092],{"class":143},[61,86191,83],{"class":75},[61,86193,26799],{"class":9459},[61,86195,72],{"class":71},[61,86197,504],{"class":503},[61,86199,86200],{"class":507},"no items",[61,86202,504],{"class":503},[61,86204,1761],{"class":75},[887,86206,86208],{"id":86207},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86210,86211],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[52,86213,86215],{"className":54,"code":86214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86216,86217,86241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86218,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86220,9449],{"class":67},[61,86222,72],{"class":71},[61,86224,926],{"class":75},[61,86226,2613],{"class":79},[61,86228,83],{"class":75},[61,86230,515],{"class":503},[61,86232,16033],{"class":507},[61,86234,504],{"class":503},[61,86236,83],{"class":75},[61,86238,117],{"class":79},[61,86240,943],{"class":75},[61,86242,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86244,160],{"class":159},[61,86246,147],{"class":75},[61,86248,84935],{"class":159},[61,86250,147],{"class":75},[61,86252,9488],{"class":143},[61,86254,1761],{"class":75},[20,86256,1598],{},[52,86258,86260],{"className":54,"code":86259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError\n",[15,86261,86262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86263,86264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86265,86259],{"class":2071},[20,86267,86268],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86270,86271,86272,140],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86273,84510],{},[52,86275,86277],{"className":54,"code":86276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86278,86279,86303,86329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86280,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86282,9449],{"class":67},[61,86284,72],{"class":71},[61,86286,926],{"class":75},[61,86288,2613],{"class":79},[61,86290,83],{"class":75},[61,86292,515],{"class":503},[61,86294,16033],{"class":507},[61,86296,504],{"class":503},[61,86298,83],{"class":75},[61,86300,117],{"class":79},[61,86302,943],{"class":75},[61,86304,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86306,900],{"class":67},[61,86308,72],{"class":71},[61,86310,926],{"class":75},[61,86312,2473],{"class":2071},[61,86314,147],{"class":75},[61,86316,2458],{"class":143},[61,86318,442],{"class":75},[61,86320,4159],{"class":4158},[61,86322,4162],{"class":67},[61,86324,4165],{"class":4158},[61,86326,14847],{"class":67},[61,86328,943],{"class":75},[61,86330,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,86332,160],{"class":159},[61,86334,147],{"class":75},[61,86336,84935],{"class":159},[61,86338,147],{"class":75},[61,86340,3929],{"class":143},[61,86342,1761],{"class":75},[20,86344,1598],{},[52,86346,86347],{"className":54,"code":3228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,86348,86349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86350,86351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86352,3228],{"class":79},[20,86354,86355,86356,140],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86357,3285],{},[887,86359,86361],{"id":86360},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86363,86364],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[52,86366,86368],{"className":54,"code":86367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86369,86370,86402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86371,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86373,1778],{"class":67},[61,86375,72],{"class":71},[61,86377,926],{"class":75},[61,86379,504],{"class":503},[61,86381,79836],{"class":507},[61,86383,504],{"class":503},[61,86385,83],{"class":75},[61,86387,515],{"class":503},[61,86389,58051],{"class":507},[61,86391,504],{"class":503},[61,86393,83],{"class":75},[61,86395,515],{"class":503},[61,86397,79853],{"class":507},[61,86399,504],{"class":503},[61,86401,943],{"class":75},[61,86403,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412,86414],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86405,160],{"class":159},[61,86407,147],{"class":75},[61,86409,84935],{"class":159},[61,86411,147],{"class":75},[61,86413,4394],{"class":143},[61,86415,1761],{"class":75},[20,86417,1598],{},[52,86419,86420],{"className":54,"code":85631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,86421,86422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86423,86424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86425,85631],{"class":67},[20,86427,86428],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[52,86430,86432],{"className":54,"code":86431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86433,86434,86466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86435,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444,86446,86448,86450,86452,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462,86464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86437,1778],{"class":67},[61,86439,72],{"class":71},[61,86441,926],{"class":75},[61,86443,504],{"class":503},[61,86445,79836],{"class":507},[61,86447,504],{"class":503},[61,86449,83],{"class":75},[61,86451,515],{"class":503},[61,86453,58051],{"class":507},[61,86455,504],{"class":503},[61,86457,83],{"class":75},[61,86459,515],{"class":503},[61,86461,79853],{"class":507},[61,86463,504],{"class":503},[61,86465,943],{"class":75},[61,86467,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86469,160],{"class":159},[61,86471,147],{"class":75},[61,86473,84935],{"class":159},[61,86475,147],{"class":75},[61,86477,4394],{"class":143},[61,86479,83],{"class":75},[61,86481,21858],{"class":9459},[61,86483,72],{"class":71},[61,86485,3724],{"class":2071},[61,86487,140],{"class":75},[61,86489,8923],{"class":2103},[61,86491,1761],{"class":75},[20,86493,1598],{},[52,86495,86496],{"className":54,"code":85631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,86497,86498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86499,86500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86501,85631],{"class":67},[20,86503,86504],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[47,86506,5240,86508],{"id":86507},"when-to-use-min",[15,86509,84510],{},[20,86511,1503,86512,10881],{},[15,86513,84510],{},[29,86515,86516,86519,86524],{},[32,86517,86518],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[32,86520,86521,86522],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86523,15122],{},[32,86525,86526],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86528,1503,86529,86533],{},[214,86530,86531],{"href":74797},[15,86532,74700],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86535,1503,86536,86541],{},[214,86537,86539],{"href":86538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86540,82856],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[47,86543,3111],{"id":3110},[20,86545,84515],{},[29,86547,86548,86556,86559,86564,86571],{},[32,86549,86550,86551,86553,86554],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86552,84510],{}," without using ",[15,86555,83211],{},[32,86557,86558],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[32,86560,1524,86561,86563],{},[15,86562,84510],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[32,86565,4983,86566,86568,86569,85672],{},[15,86567,15122],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86570,84510],{},[32,86572,716,86573,86575],{},[15,86574,83211],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86577,86578,86579,86581],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86580,84510],{},", these quick checks can help:",[52,86583,86585],{"className":54,"code":86584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86586,86587,86601,86611,86625,86639,86661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86588,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86590,160],{"class":159},[61,86592,147],{"class":75},[61,86594,2072],{"class":2071},[61,86596,147],{"class":75},[61,86598,9488],{"class":143},[61,86600,1761],{"class":75},[61,86602,86603,86605,86607,86609],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86604,160],{"class":159},[61,86606,147],{"class":75},[61,86608,9488],{"class":143},[61,86610,153],{"class":75},[61,86612,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,86614,160],{"class":159},[61,86616,147],{"class":75},[61,86618,11442],{"class":159},[61,86620,147],{"class":75},[61,86622,9488],{"class":143},[61,86624,1761],{"class":75},[61,86626,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,86628,160],{"class":159},[61,86630,147],{"class":75},[61,86632,84935],{"class":159},[61,86634,147],{"class":75},[61,86636,9488],{"class":143},[61,86638,1761],{"class":75},[61,86640,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,86642,160],{"class":159},[61,86644,147],{"class":75},[61,86646,84935],{"class":159},[61,86648,147],{"class":75},[61,86650,9488],{"class":143},[61,86652,83],{"class":75},[61,86654,26799],{"class":9459},[61,86656,72],{"class":71},[61,86658,4058],{"class":4133},[61,86660,1761],{"class":75},[61,86662,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,86664,160],{"class":159},[61,86666,147],{"class":75},[61,86668,84935],{"class":159},[61,86670,147],{"class":75},[61,86672,4394],{"class":143},[61,86674,83],{"class":75},[61,86676,21858],{"class":9459},[61,86678,72],{"class":71},[61,86680,11442],{"class":159},[61,86682,1761],{"class":75},[20,86684,86685,86686,86689,86690,86692],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86687,86688],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86691,9488],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[47,86694,2109],{"id":2108},[887,86696,5422,86698,5425],{"id":86697},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86699,84510],{},[20,86701,86702],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[887,86704,2123,86706,84691],{"id":86705},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86707,84510],{},[20,86709,86710],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[887,86712,71922],{"id":71921},[20,86714,86715,52777,86717,84703,86719,36898],{},[15,86716,84510],{},[15,86718,40982],{},[15,86720,83211],{},[887,86722,5422,86724,86726,86727,2159],{"id":86723},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86725,15122],{}," do in ",[15,86728,84510],{},[20,86730,86731,86733,86734,86736],{},[15,86732,15122],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86735,83764],{}," compares strings by length.",[887,86738,2153,86740,700,86742,2159],{"id":86739},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86741,84510],{},[15,86743,74700],{},[20,86745,86746,86748,86749,86751],{},[15,86747,84510],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86750,74700],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[47,86753,2172],{"id":2171},[29,86755,86756,86762,86768,86774,86778,86782],{},[32,86757,86758],{},[214,86759,86760,3790],{"href":86538},[15,86761,82856],{},[32,86763,86764],{},[214,86765,86766,3790],{"href":74797},[15,86767,74700],{},[32,86769,86770],{},[214,86771,86772,3790],{"href":42636},[15,86773,42639],{},[32,86775,86776],{},[214,86777,80149],{"href":78652},[32,86779,86780],{},[214,86781,59238],{"href":59237},[32,86783,86784],{},[214,86785,66117],{"href":73154},[2204,86787,86788],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":86790},[86791,86792,86794,86800,86802,86804,86809,86811,86817,86819,86820,86831],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":84994,"depth":97,"text":86793},"What min() does",{"id":85015,"depth":97,"text":85016,"children":86795},[86796,86797,86798,86799],{"id":85100,"depth":122,"text":85103},{"id":85162,"depth":122,"text":85165},{"id":85212,"depth":122,"text":85215},{"id":85306,"depth":122,"text":85309},{"id":85368,"depth":97,"text":86801},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85503,"depth":97,"text":86803},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85650,"depth":97,"text":86805,"children":86806},"Using min() with a key function",[86807,86808],{"id":85678,"depth":122,"text":85679},{"id":85753,"depth":122,"text":85754},{"id":85975,"depth":97,"text":86810},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11023,"depth":97,"text":11024,"children":86812},[86813,86815,86816],{"id":86117,"depth":122,"text":86814},"Empty list without default",{"id":86207,"depth":122,"text":86208},{"id":86360,"depth":122,"text":86361},{"id":86507,"depth":97,"text":86818},"When to use min()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":86821},[86822,86824,86826,86827,86829],{"id":86697,"depth":122,"text":86823},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86705,"depth":122,"text":86825},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71921,"depth":122,"text":71922},{"id":86723,"depth":122,"text":86828},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86739,"depth":122,"text":86830},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84877,"description":86832},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86839,"title":86840,"body":86841,"description":89020,"extension":2249,"meta":89021,"navigation":125,"path":89022,"seo":89023,"stem":89024,"__hash__":89025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86842,"toc":88984},[86843,86846,86852,86858,86860,86941,86950,86954,86959,86961,87006,87008,87088,87094,87096,87099,87131,87133,87151,87153,87226,87228,87247,87251,87254,87290,87292,87359,87433,87506,87511,87515,87521,87524,87541,87544,87546,87607,87609,87629,87635,87639,87642,87712,87715,87734,87739,87815,87818,87822,87828,87832,87837,87907,87911,87916,87990,87994,87997,88072,88083,88087,88092,88182,88187,88255,88258,88277,88288,88292,88295,88300,88303,88365,88368,88379,88384,88387,88390,88395,88398,88401,88405,88408,88414,88417,88428,88430,88492,88507,88513,88516,88519,88530,88541,88547,88550,88552,88614,88624,88630,88635,88641,88645,88651,88654,88675,88677,88682,88709,88712,88739,88742,88781,88784,88822,88825,88886,88889,88891,88895,88898,88902,88908,88916,88924,88928,88931,88935,88941,88943,88981],[10,86844,86840],{"id":86845},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86847,86848,86851],{},[15,86849,86850],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86853,86854,86855,86857],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86856,86850],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[47,86859,50],{"id":49},[52,86861,86863],{"className":54,"code":86862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86864,86865,86914,86930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86866,86867,86870,86873,86875,86877,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86895,86897,86899,86902,86904,86906,86908,86912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86868,86869],{"class":4158},"with",[61,86871,86872],{"class":159}," open",[61,86874,147],{"class":75},[61,86876,504],{"class":503},[61,86878,86879],{"class":507},"example.txt",[61,86881,504],{"class":503},[61,86883,83],{"class":75},[61,86885,515],{"class":503},[61,86887,60788],{"class":507},[61,86889,504],{"class":503},[61,86891,83],{"class":75},[61,86893,86894],{"class":9459}," encoding",[61,86896,72],{"class":71},[61,86898,504],{"class":503},[61,86900,86901],{"class":507},"utf-8",[61,86903,504],{"class":503},[61,86905,442],{"class":75},[61,86907,47638],{"class":4158},[61,86909,86911],{"class":86910},"sMMDD"," file",[61,86913,6673],{"class":75},[61,86915,86916,86919,86921,86923,86925,86928],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86917,86918],{"class":67},"    content ",[61,86920,72],{"class":71},[61,86922,86911],{"class":86910},[61,86924,140],{"class":75},[61,86926,86927],{"class":143},"read",[61,86929,8926],{"class":75},[61,86931,86932,86934,86936,86939],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,86933,8352],{"class":159},[61,86935,147],{"class":75},[61,86937,86938],{"class":143},"content",[61,86940,153],{"class":75},[20,86942,1503,86943,86945,86946,86949],{},[15,86944,86869],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86947,86948],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[47,86951,86953],{"id":86952},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86955,86956,86958],{},[15,86957,86850],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86960,11739],{},[29,86962,86963,86966,86971,86976],{},[32,86964,86965],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[32,86967,41184,86968,86970],{},[39,86969,4909],{}," read or write anything by itself",[32,86972,17701,86973],{},[39,86974,86975],{},"file object",[32,86977,86978,86979],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[29,86980,86981,86986,86991,86996,87001],{},[32,86982,86983],{},[15,86984,86985],{},"read()",[32,86987,86988],{},[15,86989,86990],{},"readline()",[32,86992,86993],{},[15,86994,86995],{},"readlines()",[32,86997,86998],{},[15,86999,87000],{},"write()",[32,87002,87003],{},[15,87004,87005],{},"close()",[20,87007,368],{},[52,87009,87011],{"className":54,"code":87010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87012,87013,87052,87067,87077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87014,87015,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87016,87017],{"class":86910},"file",[61,87019,13557],{"class":71},[61,87021,86872],{"class":159},[61,87023,147],{"class":75},[61,87025,504],{"class":503},[61,87027,86879],{"class":507},[61,87029,504],{"class":503},[61,87031,83],{"class":75},[61,87033,515],{"class":503},[61,87035,60788],{"class":507},[61,87037,504],{"class":503},[61,87039,83],{"class":75},[61,87041,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87043,72],{"class":71},[61,87045,504],{"class":503},[61,87047,86901],{"class":507},[61,87049,504],{"class":503},[61,87051,153],{"class":75},[61,87053,87054,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87055,87056],{"class":67},"content ",[61,87058,72],{"class":71},[61,87060,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87062,140],{"class":75},[61,87064,86927],{"class":143},[61,87066,8926],{"class":75},[61,87068,87069,87071,87073,87075],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87070,160],{"class":159},[61,87072,147],{"class":75},[61,87074,86938],{"class":143},[61,87076,153],{"class":75},[61,87078,87079,87081,87083,87086],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,87080,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87082,140],{"class":75},[61,87084,87085],{"class":143},"close",[61,87087,8926],{"class":75},[20,87089,87090,87091,87093],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87092,86869],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[47,87095,221],{"id":220},[20,87097,87098],{},"A common form is:",[52,87100,87102],{"className":54,"code":87101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87103,87104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87105,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87107,42705],{"class":159},[61,87109,147],{"class":75},[61,87111,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87113,83],{"class":75},[61,87115,87116],{"class":143}," mode",[61,87118,83],{"class":75},[61,87120,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87122,72],{"class":71},[61,87124,504],{"class":503},[61,87126,86901],{"class":507},[61,87128,504],{"class":503},[61,87130,153],{"class":75},[20,87132,65325],{},[29,87134,87135,87140,87145],{},[32,87136,87137,87139],{},[15,87138,87017],{}," is the file name or file path",[32,87141,87142,87144],{},[15,87143,21198],{}," controls how the file is opened",[32,87146,87147,87150],{},[15,87148,87149],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87152,368],{},[52,87154,87156],{"className":54,"code":87155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87157,87158,87201,87216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87159,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87161,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87163,86872],{"class":159},[61,87165,147],{"class":75},[61,87167,504],{"class":503},[61,87169,87170],{"class":507},"notes.txt",[61,87172,504],{"class":503},[61,87174,83],{"class":75},[61,87176,515],{"class":503},[61,87178,60788],{"class":507},[61,87180,504],{"class":503},[61,87182,83],{"class":75},[61,87184,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87186,72],{"class":71},[61,87188,504],{"class":503},[61,87190,86901],{"class":507},[61,87192,504],{"class":503},[61,87194,442],{"class":75},[61,87196,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87198,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87200,6673],{"class":75},[61,87202,87203,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87204,87205],{"class":67},"    text ",[61,87207,72],{"class":71},[61,87209,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87211,140],{"class":75},[61,87213,86927],{"class":143},[61,87215,8926],{"class":75},[61,87217,87218,87220,87222,87224],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87219,8352],{"class":159},[61,87221,147],{"class":75},[61,87223,34983],{"class":143},[61,87225,153],{"class":75},[20,87227,20236],{},[29,87229,87230,87236,87241],{},[32,87231,87232,87235],{},[15,87233,87234],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[32,87237,87238,87240],{},[15,87239,86948],{}," means open for reading",[32,87242,87243,87246],{},[15,87244,87245],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[47,87248,87250],{"id":87249},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87252,87253],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[29,87255,87256,87261,87267,87272,87278,87284],{},[32,87257,87258,87260],{},[15,87259,86948],{}," = read a text file",[32,87262,87263,87266],{},[15,87264,87265],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[32,87268,87269,87271],{},[15,87270,1299],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[32,87273,87274,87277],{},[15,87275,87276],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[32,87279,87280,87283],{},[15,87281,87282],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[32,87285,87286,87289],{},[15,87287,87288],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87291,2411],{},[52,87293,87295],{"className":54,"code":87294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87296,87297,87302,87345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87298,87299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87300,87301],{"class":173},"# Read a text file\n",[61,87303,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87305,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87307,86872],{"class":159},[61,87309,147],{"class":75},[61,87311,504],{"class":503},[61,87313,87314],{"class":507},"data.txt",[61,87316,504],{"class":503},[61,87318,83],{"class":75},[61,87320,515],{"class":503},[61,87322,60788],{"class":507},[61,87324,504],{"class":503},[61,87326,83],{"class":75},[61,87328,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87330,72],{"class":71},[61,87332,504],{"class":503},[61,87334,86901],{"class":507},[61,87336,504],{"class":503},[61,87338,442],{"class":75},[61,87340,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87342,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87344,6673],{"class":75},[61,87346,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87348,8352],{"class":159},[61,87350,147],{"class":75},[61,87352,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87354,140],{"class":75},[61,87356,86927],{"class":143},[61,87358,7474],{"class":75},[52,87360,87362],{"className":54,"code":87361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87363,87364,87369,87411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87365,87366],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87367,87368],{"class":173},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[61,87370,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87372,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87374,86872],{"class":159},[61,87376,147],{"class":75},[61,87378,504],{"class":503},[61,87380,87314],{"class":507},[61,87382,504],{"class":503},[61,87384,83],{"class":75},[61,87386,515],{"class":503},[61,87388,60771],{"class":507},[61,87390,504],{"class":503},[61,87392,83],{"class":75},[61,87394,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87396,72],{"class":71},[61,87398,504],{"class":503},[61,87400,86901],{"class":507},[61,87402,504],{"class":503},[61,87404,442],{"class":75},[61,87406,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87408,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87410,6673],{"class":75},[61,87412,87413,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87429,87431],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87414,87415],{"class":86910},"    file",[61,87417,140],{"class":75},[61,87419,70471],{"class":143},[61,87421,147],{"class":75},[61,87423,504],{"class":503},[61,87425,35142],{"class":507},[61,87427,87428],{"class":34728},"\\n",[61,87430,504],{"class":503},[61,87432,153],{"class":75},[52,87434,87436],{"className":54,"code":87435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87437,87438,87443,87485],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87439,87440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87441,87442],{"class":173},"# Append to a text file\n",[61,87444,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87446,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87448,86872],{"class":159},[61,87450,147],{"class":75},[61,87452,504],{"class":503},[61,87454,87314],{"class":507},[61,87456,504],{"class":503},[61,87458,83],{"class":75},[61,87460,515],{"class":503},[61,87462,214],{"class":507},[61,87464,504],{"class":503},[61,87466,83],{"class":75},[61,87468,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87470,72],{"class":71},[61,87472,504],{"class":503},[61,87474,86901],{"class":507},[61,87476,504],{"class":503},[61,87478,442],{"class":75},[61,87480,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87482,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87484,6673],{"class":75},[61,87486,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87500,87502,87504],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87488,87415],{"class":86910},[61,87490,140],{"class":75},[61,87492,70471],{"class":143},[61,87494,147],{"class":75},[61,87496,504],{"class":503},[61,87498,87499],{"class":507},"Another line",[61,87501,87428],{"class":34728},[61,87503,504],{"class":503},[61,87505,153],{"class":75},[20,87507,69624,87508,87510],{},[15,87509,87265],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[47,87512,87514],{"id":87513},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87516,87517,22252,87519,140],{},[15,87518,86850],{},[39,87520,86975],{},[20,87522,87523],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[29,87525,87526,87531,87536],{},[32,87527,87528],{},[15,87529,87530],{},"file.read()",[32,87532,87533],{},[15,87534,87535],{},"file.write()",[32,87537,87538],{},[15,87539,87540],{},"file.close()",[20,87542,87543],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87545,368],{},[52,87547,87549],{"className":54,"code":87548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87550,87551,87593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87552,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87554,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87556,86872],{"class":159},[61,87558,147],{"class":75},[61,87560,504],{"class":503},[61,87562,86879],{"class":507},[61,87564,504],{"class":503},[61,87566,83],{"class":75},[61,87568,515],{"class":503},[61,87570,60788],{"class":507},[61,87572,504],{"class":503},[61,87574,83],{"class":75},[61,87576,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87578,72],{"class":71},[61,87580,504],{"class":503},[61,87582,86901],{"class":507},[61,87584,504],{"class":503},[61,87586,442],{"class":75},[61,87588,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87590,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87592,6673],{"class":75},[61,87594,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87596,8352],{"class":159},[61,87598,147],{"class":75},[61,87600,2072],{"class":2071},[61,87602,147],{"class":75},[61,87604,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87606,1761],{"class":75},[20,87608,617],{},[52,87610,87612],{"className":54,"code":87611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87613,87614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87615,87616,87618,87620,87622,87625,87627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87617,3571],{"class":71},[61,87619,3574],{"class":2350},[61,87621,639],{"class":503},[61,87623,87624],{"class":507},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[61,87626,630],{"class":503},[61,87628,3583],{"class":71},[20,87630,87631,87632,87634],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87633,86850],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[47,87636,87638],{"id":87637},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87640,87641],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[52,87643,87644],{"className":54,"code":86862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87645,87646,87688,87702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87647,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87649,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87651,86872],{"class":159},[61,87653,147],{"class":75},[61,87655,504],{"class":503},[61,87657,86879],{"class":507},[61,87659,504],{"class":503},[61,87661,83],{"class":75},[61,87663,515],{"class":503},[61,87665,60788],{"class":507},[61,87667,504],{"class":503},[61,87669,83],{"class":75},[61,87671,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87673,72],{"class":71},[61,87675,504],{"class":503},[61,87677,86901],{"class":507},[61,87679,504],{"class":503},[61,87681,442],{"class":75},[61,87683,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87685,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87687,6673],{"class":75},[61,87689,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87691,86918],{"class":67},[61,87693,72],{"class":71},[61,87695,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87697,140],{"class":75},[61,87699,86927],{"class":143},[61,87701,8926],{"class":75},[61,87703,87704,87706,87708,87710],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87705,8352],{"class":159},[61,87707,147],{"class":75},[61,87709,86938],{"class":143},[61,87711,153],{"class":75},[20,87713,87714],{},"Why this is recommended:",[29,87716,87717,87722,87728,87731],{},[32,87718,87719,87721],{},[15,87720,86869],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[32,87723,87724,87725,87727],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87726,87005],{}," yourself",[32,87729,87730],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[32,87732,87733],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87735,84027,87736,87738],{},[15,87737,86869],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[52,87740,87741],{"className":54,"code":87010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87742,87743,87781,87795,87805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87744,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87746,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87748,13557],{"class":71},[61,87750,86872],{"class":159},[61,87752,147],{"class":75},[61,87754,504],{"class":503},[61,87756,86879],{"class":507},[61,87758,504],{"class":503},[61,87760,83],{"class":75},[61,87762,515],{"class":503},[61,87764,60788],{"class":507},[61,87766,504],{"class":503},[61,87768,83],{"class":75},[61,87770,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87772,72],{"class":71},[61,87774,504],{"class":503},[61,87776,86901],{"class":507},[61,87778,504],{"class":503},[61,87780,153],{"class":75},[61,87782,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87784,87056],{"class":67},[61,87786,72],{"class":71},[61,87788,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87790,140],{"class":75},[61,87792,86927],{"class":143},[61,87794,8926],{"class":75},[61,87796,87797,87799,87801,87803],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87798,160],{"class":159},[61,87800,147],{"class":75},[61,87802,86938],{"class":143},[61,87804,153],{"class":75},[61,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,87808,87017],{"class":86910},[61,87810,140],{"class":75},[61,87812,87085],{"class":143},[61,87814,8926],{"class":75},[20,87816,87817],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[47,87819,87821],{"id":87820},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87823,87824,87825,87827],{},"Use mode ",[15,87826,86948],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[887,87829,87831],{"id":87830},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87833,87834,87836],{},[15,87835,86985],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[52,87838,87839],{"className":54,"code":86862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87840,87841,87883,87897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87842,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87844,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87846,86872],{"class":159},[61,87848,147],{"class":75},[61,87850,504],{"class":503},[61,87852,86879],{"class":507},[61,87854,504],{"class":503},[61,87856,83],{"class":75},[61,87858,515],{"class":503},[61,87860,60788],{"class":507},[61,87862,504],{"class":503},[61,87864,83],{"class":75},[61,87866,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87868,72],{"class":71},[61,87870,504],{"class":503},[61,87872,86901],{"class":507},[61,87874,504],{"class":503},[61,87876,442],{"class":75},[61,87878,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87880,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87882,6673],{"class":75},[61,87884,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87886,86918],{"class":67},[61,87888,72],{"class":71},[61,87890,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87892,140],{"class":75},[61,87894,86927],{"class":143},[61,87896,8926],{"class":75},[61,87898,87899,87901,87903,87905],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87900,8352],{"class":159},[61,87902,147],{"class":75},[61,87904,86938],{"class":143},[61,87906,153],{"class":75},[887,87908,87910],{"id":87909},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87912,87913,87915],{},[15,87914,86990],{}," reads one line at a time.",[52,87917,87919],{"className":54,"code":87918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87920,87921,87963,87979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87922,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87924,86869],{"class":4158},[61,87926,86872],{"class":159},[61,87928,147],{"class":75},[61,87930,504],{"class":503},[61,87932,86879],{"class":507},[61,87934,504],{"class":503},[61,87936,83],{"class":75},[61,87938,515],{"class":503},[61,87940,60788],{"class":507},[61,87942,504],{"class":503},[61,87944,83],{"class":75},[61,87946,86894],{"class":9459},[61,87948,72],{"class":71},[61,87950,504],{"class":503},[61,87952,86901],{"class":507},[61,87954,504],{"class":503},[61,87956,442],{"class":75},[61,87958,47638],{"class":4158},[61,87960,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87962,6673],{"class":75},[61,87964,87965,87968,87970,87972,87974,87977],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87966,87967],{"class":67},"    first_line ",[61,87969,72],{"class":71},[61,87971,86911],{"class":86910},[61,87973,140],{"class":75},[61,87975,87976],{"class":143},"readline",[61,87978,8926],{"class":75},[61,87980,87981,87983,87985,87988],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,87982,8352],{"class":159},[61,87984,147],{"class":75},[61,87986,87987],{"class":143},"first_line",[61,87989,153],{"class":75},[887,87991,87993],{"id":87992},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87995,87996],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[52,87998,88000],{"className":54,"code":87999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88001,88002,88044,88058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88003,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88005,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88007,86872],{"class":159},[61,88009,147],{"class":75},[61,88011,504],{"class":503},[61,88013,86879],{"class":507},[61,88015,504],{"class":503},[61,88017,83],{"class":75},[61,88019,515],{"class":503},[61,88021,60788],{"class":507},[61,88023,504],{"class":503},[61,88025,83],{"class":75},[61,88027,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88029,72],{"class":71},[61,88031,504],{"class":503},[61,88033,86901],{"class":507},[61,88035,504],{"class":503},[61,88037,442],{"class":75},[61,88039,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88041,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88043,6673],{"class":75},[61,88045,88046,88049,88052,88054,88056],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88047,88048],{"class":4158},"    for",[61,88050,88051],{"class":67}," line ",[61,88053,4165],{"class":4158},[61,88055,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88057,6673],{"class":75},[61,88059,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,88061,47618],{"class":159},[61,88063,147],{"class":75},[61,88065,63],{"class":143},[61,88067,140],{"class":75},[61,88069,8917],{"class":143},[61,88071,7474],{"class":75},[20,88073,88074,88075,3159,88079,140],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[214,88076,88078],{"href":88077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[214,88080,88082],{"href":88081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[47,88084,88086],{"id":88085},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88088,1503,88089,88091],{},[15,88090,87265],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[52,88093,88095],{"className":54,"code":88094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88096,88097,88140,88161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88098,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88100,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88102,86872],{"class":159},[61,88104,147],{"class":75},[61,88106,504],{"class":503},[61,88108,88109],{"class":507},"output.txt",[61,88111,504],{"class":503},[61,88113,83],{"class":75},[61,88115,515],{"class":503},[61,88117,60771],{"class":507},[61,88119,504],{"class":503},[61,88121,83],{"class":75},[61,88123,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88125,72],{"class":71},[61,88127,504],{"class":503},[61,88129,86901],{"class":507},[61,88131,504],{"class":503},[61,88133,442],{"class":75},[61,88135,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88137,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88139,6673],{"class":75},[61,88141,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88155,88157,88159],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88143,87415],{"class":86910},[61,88145,140],{"class":75},[61,88147,70471],{"class":143},[61,88149,147],{"class":75},[61,88151,504],{"class":503},[61,88153,88154],{"class":507},"First line",[61,88156,87428],{"class":34728},[61,88158,504],{"class":503},[61,88160,153],{"class":75},[61,88162,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88176,88178,88180],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,88164,87415],{"class":86910},[61,88166,140],{"class":75},[61,88168,70471],{"class":143},[61,88170,147],{"class":75},[61,88172,504],{"class":503},[61,88174,88175],{"class":507},"Second line",[61,88177,87428],{"class":34728},[61,88179,504],{"class":503},[61,88181,153],{"class":75},[20,88183,1503,88184,88186],{},[15,88185,1299],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[52,88188,88190],{"className":54,"code":88189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88191,88192,88234],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88193,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88195,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88197,86872],{"class":159},[61,88199,147],{"class":75},[61,88201,504],{"class":503},[61,88203,88109],{"class":507},[61,88205,504],{"class":503},[61,88207,83],{"class":75},[61,88209,515],{"class":503},[61,88211,214],{"class":507},[61,88213,504],{"class":503},[61,88215,83],{"class":75},[61,88217,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88219,72],{"class":71},[61,88221,504],{"class":503},[61,88223,86901],{"class":507},[61,88225,504],{"class":503},[61,88227,442],{"class":75},[61,88229,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88231,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88233,6673],{"class":75},[61,88235,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88249,88251,88253],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88237,87415],{"class":86910},[61,88239,140],{"class":75},[61,88241,70471],{"class":143},[61,88243,147],{"class":75},[61,88245,504],{"class":503},[61,88247,88248],{"class":507},"Third line",[61,88250,87428],{"class":34728},[61,88252,504],{"class":503},[61,88254,153],{"class":75},[20,88256,88257],{},"Important detail:",[29,88259,88260,88265,88272],{},[32,88261,88262,88264],{},[15,88263,87000],{}," writes a string",[32,88266,88267,14334,88269,88271],{},[15,88268,87000],{},[39,88270,4909],{}," add a newline for you",[32,88273,88274,88275,87727],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88276,87428],{},[20,88278,88279,88280,3159,88284,140],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[214,88281,88283],{"href":88282},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[214,88285,88287],{"href":88286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[47,88289,88291],{"id":88290},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88293,88294],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[887,88296,88298],{"id":88297},"encodingutf-8",[15,88299,87245],{},[20,88301,88302],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[52,88304,88306],{"className":54,"code":88305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88307,88308,88351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88309,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88311,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88313,86872],{"class":159},[61,88315,147],{"class":75},[61,88317,504],{"class":503},[61,88319,88320],{"class":507},"message.txt",[61,88322,504],{"class":503},[61,88324,83],{"class":75},[61,88326,515],{"class":503},[61,88328,60788],{"class":507},[61,88330,504],{"class":503},[61,88332,83],{"class":75},[61,88334,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88336,72],{"class":71},[61,88338,504],{"class":503},[61,88340,86901],{"class":507},[61,88342,504],{"class":503},[61,88344,442],{"class":75},[61,88346,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88348,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88350,6673],{"class":75},[61,88352,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88354,8352],{"class":159},[61,88356,147],{"class":75},[61,88358,87017],{"class":86910},[61,88360,140],{"class":75},[61,88362,86927],{"class":143},[61,88364,7474],{"class":75},[20,88366,88367],{},"Why it matters:",[29,88369,88370,88373,88376],{},[32,88371,88372],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[32,88374,88375],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[32,88377,88378],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[887,88380,88382],{"id":88381},"newline",[15,88383,88381],{},[20,88385,88386],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88388,88389],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[887,88391,88393],{"id":88392},"buffering",[15,88394,88392],{},[20,88396,88397],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88399,88400],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[47,88402,88404],{"id":88403},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88406,88407],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[887,88409,88411],{"id":88410},"filenotfounderror",[15,88412,88413],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88415,88416],{},"This happens when:",[29,88418,88419,88422,88425],{},[32,88420,88421],{},"the file does not exist",[32,88423,88424],{},"the path is wrong",[32,88426,88427],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88429,368],{},[52,88431,88433],{"className":54,"code":88432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88434,88435,88478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88436,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474,88476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88438,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88440,86872],{"class":159},[61,88442,147],{"class":75},[61,88444,504],{"class":503},[61,88446,88447],{"class":507},"missing.txt",[61,88449,504],{"class":503},[61,88451,83],{"class":75},[61,88453,515],{"class":503},[61,88455,60788],{"class":507},[61,88457,504],{"class":503},[61,88459,83],{"class":75},[61,88461,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88463,72],{"class":71},[61,88465,504],{"class":503},[61,88467,86901],{"class":507},[61,88469,504],{"class":503},[61,88471,442],{"class":75},[61,88473,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88475,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88477,6673],{"class":75},[61,88479,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88481,8352],{"class":159},[61,88483,147],{"class":75},[61,88485,87017],{"class":86910},[61,88487,140],{"class":75},[61,88489,86927],{"class":143},[61,88491,7474],{"class":75},[20,88493,88494,88495,700,88503,140],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[214,88496,88498,88499,88502],{"href":88497},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[61,88500,88501],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[214,88504,88506],{"href":88505},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[887,88508,88510],{"id":88509},"permissionerror",[15,88511,88512],{},"PermissionError",[20,88514,88515],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88517,88518],{},"Example causes:",[29,88520,88521,88524,88527],{},[32,88522,88523],{},"the file is protected",[32,88525,88526],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[32,88528,88529],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88531,88532,88533],{},"Related page: ",[214,88534,88536,88537,88540],{"href":88535},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[61,88538,88539],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[887,88542,88544],{"id":88543},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88545,88546],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88548,88549],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88551,368],{},[52,88553,88555],{"className":54,"code":88554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88556,88557,88600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88558,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88560,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88562,86872],{"class":159},[61,88564,147],{"class":75},[61,88566,504],{"class":503},[61,88568,88569],{"class":507},"my_folder",[61,88571,504],{"class":503},[61,88573,83],{"class":75},[61,88575,515],{"class":503},[61,88577,60788],{"class":507},[61,88579,504],{"class":503},[61,88581,83],{"class":75},[61,88583,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88585,72],{"class":71},[61,88587,504],{"class":503},[61,88589,86901],{"class":507},[61,88591,504],{"class":503},[61,88593,442],{"class":75},[61,88595,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88597,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88599,6673],{"class":75},[61,88601,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88603,8352],{"class":159},[61,88605,147],{"class":75},[61,88607,87017],{"class":86910},[61,88609,140],{"class":75},[61,88611,86927],{"class":143},[61,88613,7474],{"class":75},[20,88615,88532,88616],{},[214,88617,88619,88620,88623],{"href":88618},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[61,88621,88622],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[887,88625,88627],{"id":88626},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88628,88629],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88631,88632,88633,140],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88634,86850],{},[20,88636,88532,88637],{},[214,88638,88640],{"href":88639},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[47,88642,88644],{"id":88643},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88646,88647,88648,88650],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88649,86850],{}," function.",[20,88652,88653],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[29,88655,88656,88659,88662,88668],{},[32,88657,88658],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[32,88660,88661],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[32,88663,88664,88665,88667],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88666,86850],{}," itself",[32,88669,88670,88671],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[214,88672,88674],{"href":88673},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[47,88676,3111],{"id":3110},[20,88678,88679,88680,192],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88681,86850],{},[29,88683,88684,88689,88695,88700,88703,88706],{},[32,88685,716,88686,88688],{},[15,88687,86948],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[32,88690,88691,88692,88694],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88693,87149],{}," for text files",[32,88696,716,88697,88699],{},[15,88698,87265],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[32,88701,88702],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[32,88704,88705],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[32,88707,88708],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88710,88711],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[52,88713,88715],{"className":54,"code":88714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88716,88717,88724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88718,88719,88721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88720,35366],{"class":4158},[61,88722,88723],{"class":67}," os\n",[61,88725,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88737],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88727,160],{"class":159},[61,88729,147],{"class":75},[61,88731,42904],{"class":143},[61,88733,140],{"class":75},[61,88735,88736],{"class":143},"getcwd",[61,88738,7474],{"class":75},[20,88740,88741],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[52,88743,88745],{"className":54,"code":88744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88746,88747,88753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88748,88749,88751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88750,35366],{"class":4158},[61,88752,88723],{"class":67},[61,88754,88755,88757,88759,88761,88763,88766,88768,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88756,160],{"class":159},[61,88758,147],{"class":75},[61,88760,42904],{"class":143},[61,88762,140],{"class":75},[61,88764,88765],{"class":2103},"path",[61,88767,140],{"class":75},[61,88769,88770],{"class":143},"exists",[61,88772,147],{"class":75},[61,88774,504],{"class":503},[61,88776,86879],{"class":507},[61,88778,504],{"class":503},[61,88780,1761],{"class":75},[20,88782,88783],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[52,88785,88787],{"className":54,"code":88786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88788,88789,88795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88790,88791,88793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88792,35366],{"class":4158},[61,88794,88723],{"class":67},[61,88796,88797,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809,88812,88814,88816,88818,88820],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88798,160],{"class":159},[61,88800,147],{"class":75},[61,88802,42904],{"class":143},[61,88804,140],{"class":75},[61,88806,88765],{"class":2103},[61,88808,140],{"class":75},[61,88810,88811],{"class":143},"isfile",[61,88813,147],{"class":75},[61,88815,504],{"class":503},[61,88817,86879],{"class":507},[61,88819,504],{"class":503},[61,88821,1761],{"class":75},[20,88823,88824],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[52,88826,88828],{"className":54,"code":88827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88829,88830,88872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88831,88832,88834,88836,88838,88840,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88852,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868,88870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88833,86869],{"class":4158},[61,88835,86872],{"class":159},[61,88837,147],{"class":75},[61,88839,504],{"class":503},[61,88841,86879],{"class":507},[61,88843,504],{"class":503},[61,88845,83],{"class":75},[61,88847,515],{"class":503},[61,88849,60788],{"class":507},[61,88851,504],{"class":503},[61,88853,83],{"class":75},[61,88855,86894],{"class":9459},[61,88857,72],{"class":71},[61,88859,504],{"class":503},[61,88861,86901],{"class":507},[61,88863,504],{"class":503},[61,88865,442],{"class":75},[61,88867,47638],{"class":4158},[61,88869,86911],{"class":86910},[61,88871,6673],{"class":75},[61,88873,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882,88884],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88875,8352],{"class":159},[61,88877,147],{"class":75},[61,88879,87017],{"class":86910},[61,88881,140],{"class":75},[61,88883,86927],{"class":143},[61,88885,7474],{"class":75},[20,88887,88888],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[47,88890,2109],{"id":2108},[887,88892,88894],{"id":88893},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88896,88897],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[887,88899,88901],{"id":88900},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88903,88904,88905,88907],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88906,86869],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[887,88909,2153,88911,700,88913,88915],{"id":88910},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88912,87265],{},[15,88914,1299],{}," mode?",[20,88917,88918,88920,88921,88923],{},[15,88919,87265],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88922,1299],{}," adds new content to the end.",[887,88925,88927],{"id":88926},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88929,88930],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[887,88932,88934],{"id":88933},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88936,88937,88938,88940],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88939,87245],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[47,88942,2172],{"id":2171},[29,88944,88945,88949,88953,88957,88961,88965,88969,88975],{},[32,88946,88947],{},[214,88948,88078],{"href":88077},[32,88950,88951],{},[214,88952,88283],{"href":88282},[32,88954,88955],{},[214,88956,88287],{"href":88286},[32,88958,88959],{},[214,88960,88082],{"href":88081},[32,88962,88963],{},[214,88964,88674],{"href":88673},[32,88966,88967],{},[214,88968,88506],{"href":88505},[32,88970,88971],{},[214,88972,88498,88973,88502],{"href":88497},[61,88974,88501],{},[32,88976,88977],{},[214,88978,88536,88979,88540],{"href":88535},[61,88980,88539],{},[2204,88982,88983],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":88985},[88986,88987,88988,88989,88990,88991,88992,88997,88998,89003,89009,89010,89011,89019],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":86952,"depth":97,"text":86953},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":87249,"depth":97,"text":87250},{"id":87513,"depth":97,"text":87514},{"id":87637,"depth":97,"text":87638},{"id":87820,"depth":97,"text":87821,"children":88993},[88994,88995,88996],{"id":87830,"depth":122,"text":87831},{"id":87909,"depth":122,"text":87910},{"id":87992,"depth":122,"text":87993},{"id":88085,"depth":97,"text":88086},{"id":88290,"depth":97,"text":88291,"children":88999},[89000,89001,89002],{"id":88297,"depth":122,"text":87245},{"id":88381,"depth":122,"text":88381},{"id":88392,"depth":122,"text":88392},{"id":88403,"depth":97,"text":88404,"children":89004},[89005,89006,89007,89008],{"id":88410,"depth":122,"text":88413},{"id":88509,"depth":122,"text":88512},{"id":88543,"depth":122,"text":88546},{"id":88626,"depth":122,"text":88629},{"id":88643,"depth":97,"text":88644},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":89012},[89013,89014,89015,89017,89018],{"id":88893,"depth":122,"text":88894},{"id":88900,"depth":122,"text":88901},{"id":88910,"depth":122,"text":89016},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88926,"depth":122,"text":88927},{"id":88933,"depth":122,"text":88934},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86840,"description":89020},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89027,"title":89028,"body":89029,"description":91024,"extension":2249,"meta":91025,"navigation":125,"path":91026,"seo":91027,"stem":91028,"__hash__":91029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89030,"toc":90971},[89031,89036,89041,89047,89049,89117,89119,89138,89143,89148,89153,89156,89168,89170,89213,89215,89233,89244,89246,89248,89273,89275,89286,89288,89348,89350,89376,89379,89383,89388,89392,89395,89429,89433,89436,89461,89465,89488,89492,89525,89530,89534,89539,89542,89610,89612,89636,89641,89644,89675,89677,89709,89726,89730,89735,89759,89766,89771,89776,89779,89783,89818,89820,89829,89833,89924,89926,89957,89962,89969,89974,89983,89986,90020,90022,90036,90040,90081,90083,90092,90096,90144,90146,90160,90165,90176,90183,90189,90191,90226,90228,90242,90245,90267,90273,90302,90313,90319,90325,90339,90341,90420,90422,90472,90479,90481,90486,90490,90493,90508,90513,90515,90534,90540,90543,90558,90560,90578,90584,90589,90619,90622,90645,90648,90675,90682,90688,90696,90719,90724,90732,90734,90754,90758,90764,90814,90817,90839,90841,90847,90855,90861,90867,90875,90880,90884,90887,90910,90915,90922,90934,90936,90968],[10,89032,13,89034,3860],{"id":89033},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89035,46732],{},[20,89037,32592,89038,89040],{},[15,89039,46732],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89042,89043,89044,89046],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89045,46732],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[47,89048,50],{"id":49},[52,89050,89052],{"className":54,"code":89051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89053,89054,89066,89075,89079,89089,89099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89055,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89057,8159],{"class":67},[61,89059,72],{"class":71},[61,89061,515],{"class":503},[61,89063,8204],{"class":507},[61,89065,3639],{"class":503},[61,89067,89068,89070,89072],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89069,21907],{"class":67},[61,89071,72],{"class":71},[61,89073,89074],{"class":79}," 12\n",[61,89076,89077],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89078,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,89080,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,89082,160],{"class":159},[61,89084,147],{"class":75},[61,89086,7949],{"class":143},[61,89088,153],{"class":75},[61,89090,89091,89093,89095,89097],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,89092,160],{"class":159},[61,89094,147],{"class":75},[61,89096,9581],{"class":143},[61,89098,153],{"class":75},[61,89100,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,89102,160],{"class":159},[61,89104,147],{"class":75},[61,89106,504],{"class":503},[61,89108,35142],{"class":507},[61,89110,504],{"class":503},[61,89112,83],{"class":75},[61,89114,36268],{"class":143},[61,89116,153],{"class":75},[20,89118,1598],{},[52,89120,89122],{"className":54,"code":89121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89123,89124,89129,89133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89125,89126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89127,89128],{"class":67},"Mia\n",[61,89130,89131],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89132,2509],{"class":79},[61,89134,89135],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89136,89137],{"class":67},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89139,1503,89140,89142],{},[15,89141,46732],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[47,89144,184,89146,187],{"id":89145},"what-print-does",[15,89147,46732],{},[20,89149,89150,89152],{},[15,89151,46732],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89154,89155],{},"You can use it to display:",[29,89157,89158,89160,89162,89165],{},[32,89159,34983],{},[32,89161,3929],{},[32,89163,89164],{},"variables",[32,89166,89167],{},"expressions",[20,89169,368],{},[52,89171,89173],{"className":54,"code":89172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89174,89175,89189,89199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89176,89177,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89178,160],{"class":159},[61,89180,147],{"class":75},[61,89182,504],{"class":503},[61,89184,35142],{"class":507},[61,89186,504],{"class":503},[61,89188,153],{"class":75},[61,89190,89191,89193,89195,89197],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89192,160],{"class":159},[61,89194,147],{"class":75},[61,89196,1013],{"class":79},[61,89198,153],{"class":75},[61,89200,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89202,160],{"class":159},[61,89204,147],{"class":75},[61,89206,301],{"class":79},[61,89208,2737],{"class":71},[61,89210,91],{"class":79},[61,89212,153],{"class":75},[20,89214,1598],{},[52,89216,89218],{"className":54,"code":89217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89219,89220,89225,89229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89221,89222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89223,89224],{"class":67},"Hello\n",[61,89226,89227],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89228,3228],{"class":79},[61,89230,89231],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89232,3228],{"class":79},[20,89234,89235,89236,89238,89239,89243],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89237,46732],{}," ",[39,89240,3971,89241],{},[15,89242,4058],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[47,89245,221],{"id":220},[20,89247,31000],{},[52,89249,89251],{"className":54,"code":89250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89252,89253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89254,89255,89257,89259,89262,89264,89267,89269,89271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89256,160],{"class":159},[61,89258,147],{"class":75},[61,89260,89261],{"class":143},"object1",[61,89263,83],{"class":75},[61,89265,89266],{"class":143}," object2",[61,89268,83],{"class":75},[61,89270,249],{"class":159},[61,89272,153],{"class":75},[20,89274,80479],{},[29,89276,89277,89280,89283],{},[32,89278,89279],{},"one value",[32,89281,89282],{},"many values",[32,89284,89285],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89287,368],{},[52,89289,89291],{"className":54,"code":89290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89292,89293,89307,89326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89296,160],{"class":159},[61,89298,147],{"class":75},[61,89300,504],{"class":503},[61,89302,58051],{"class":507},[61,89304,504],{"class":503},[61,89306,153],{"class":75},[61,89308,89309,89311,89313,89315,89318,89320,89322,89324],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89310,160],{"class":159},[61,89312,147],{"class":75},[61,89314,504],{"class":503},[61,89316,89317],{"class":507},"Score:",[61,89319,504],{"class":503},[61,89321,83],{"class":75},[61,89323,6285],{"class":79},[61,89325,153],{"class":75},[61,89327,89328,89330,89332,89334,89336,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89329,160],{"class":159},[61,89331,147],{"class":75},[61,89333,504],{"class":503},[61,89335,45843],{"class":507},[61,89337,504],{"class":503},[61,89339,83],{"class":75},[61,89341,112],{"class":79},[61,89343,2737],{"class":71},[61,89345,37920],{"class":79},[61,89347,153],{"class":75},[20,89349,1598],{},[52,89351,89353],{"className":54,"code":89352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89354,89355,89359,89368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89356,89357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89358,85631],{"class":67},[61,89360,89361,89364,89366],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89362,89363],{"class":67},"Score",[61,89365,192],{"class":75},[61,89367,2867],{"class":79},[61,89369,89370,89372,89374],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89371,45883],{"class":67},[61,89373,192],{"class":75},[61,89375,2867],{"class":79},[20,89377,89378],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[47,89380,89382],{"id":89381},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89384,89385,89386,140],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89387,46732],{},[887,89389,89391],{"id":89390},"print-text","Print text",[20,89393,89394],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[52,89396,89398],{"className":54,"code":89397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89399,89400,89414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89401,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89403,160],{"class":159},[61,89405,147],{"class":75},[61,89407,504],{"class":503},[61,89409,35142],{"class":507},[61,89411,504],{"class":503},[61,89413,153],{"class":75},[61,89415,89416,89418,89420,89422,89425,89427],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89417,160],{"class":159},[61,89419,147],{"class":75},[61,89421,504],{"class":503},[61,89423,89424],{"class":507},"Python is fun",[61,89426,504],{"class":503},[61,89428,153],{"class":75},[887,89430,89432],{"id":89431},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89434,89435],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[52,89437,89439],{"className":54,"code":89438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89440,89441,89451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89442,89443,89445,89447,89449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89444,160],{"class":159},[61,89446,147],{"class":75},[61,89448,1013],{"class":79},[61,89450,153],{"class":75},[61,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89454,160],{"class":159},[61,89456,147],{"class":75},[61,89458,40421],{"class":79},[61,89460,153],{"class":75},[887,89462,89464],{"id":89463},"print-variables","Print variables",[52,89466,89468],{"className":54,"code":89467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89469,89470,89478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89471,89472,89474,89476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89473,5375],{"class":67},[61,89475,72],{"class":71},[61,89477,14411],{"class":79},[61,89479,89480,89482,89484,89486],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89481,160],{"class":159},[61,89483,147],{"class":75},[61,89485,85795],{"class":143},[61,89487,153],{"class":75},[887,89489,89491],{"id":89490},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[52,89493,89495],{"className":54,"code":89494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89496,89497,89511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89498,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89500,160],{"class":159},[61,89502,147],{"class":75},[61,89504,301],{"class":79},[61,89506,2737],{"class":71},[61,89508,91],{"class":79},[61,89510,153],{"class":75},[61,89512,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89514,160],{"class":159},[61,89516,147],{"class":75},[61,89518,2613],{"class":79},[61,89520,83107],{"class":71},[61,89522,112],{"class":79},[61,89524,153],{"class":75},[20,89526,89527,89528,140],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[214,89529,51258],{"href":51257},[47,89531,89533],{"id":89532},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89535,89536,89538],{},[15,89537,46732],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89540,89541],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[52,89543,89545],{"className":54,"code":89544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89546,89547,89560,89568,89572,89591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89548,89549,89551,89553,89555,89558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89550,8159],{"class":67},[61,89552,72],{"class":71},[61,89554,515],{"class":503},[61,89556,89557],{"class":507},"Ava",[61,89559,3639],{"class":503},[61,89561,89562,89564,89566],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89563,21907],{"class":67},[61,89565,72],{"class":71},[61,89567,2867],{"class":79},[61,89569,89570],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,89571,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,89573,89574,89576,89578,89580,89583,89585,89587,89589],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,89575,160],{"class":159},[61,89577,147],{"class":75},[61,89579,504],{"class":503},[61,89581,89582],{"class":507},"Name:",[61,89584,504],{"class":503},[61,89586,83],{"class":75},[61,89588,36268],{"class":143},[61,89590,153],{"class":75},[61,89592,89593,89595,89597,89599,89602,89604,89606,89608],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,89594,160],{"class":159},[61,89596,147],{"class":75},[61,89598,504],{"class":503},[61,89600,89601],{"class":507},"Age:",[61,89603,504],{"class":503},[61,89605,83],{"class":75},[61,89607,9472],{"class":143},[61,89609,153],{"class":75},[20,89611,1598],{},[52,89613,89615],{"className":54,"code":89614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89616,89617,89627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89618,89619,89622,89624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89620,89621],{"class":67},"Name",[61,89623,192],{"class":75},[61,89625,89626],{"class":67}," Ava\n",[61,89628,89629,89632,89634],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89630,89631],{"class":67},"Age",[61,89633,192],{"class":75},[61,89635,2867],{"class":79},[20,89637,89638,89639,140],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89640,2345],{},[20,89642,89643],{},"For example, this works:",[52,89645,89647],{"className":54,"code":89646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89648,89649,89657],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89650,89651,89653,89655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89652,21907],{"class":67},[61,89654,72],{"class":71},[61,89656,2867],{"class":79},[61,89658,89659,89661,89663,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89660,160],{"class":159},[61,89662,147],{"class":75},[61,89664,504],{"class":503},[61,89666,89601],{"class":507},[61,89668,504],{"class":503},[61,89670,83],{"class":75},[61,89672,9472],{"class":143},[61,89674,153],{"class":75},[20,89676,37203],{},[52,89678,89680],{"className":54,"code":89679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89681,89682,89690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89683,89684,89686,89688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89685,21907],{"class":67},[61,89687,72],{"class":71},[61,89689,2867],{"class":79},[61,89691,89692,89694,89696,89698,89701,89703,89705,89707],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89693,160],{"class":159},[61,89695,147],{"class":75},[61,89697,504],{"class":503},[61,89699,89700],{"class":507},"Age: ",[61,89702,504],{"class":503},[61,89704,2737],{"class":71},[61,89706,9472],{"class":143},[61,89708,153],{"class":75},[20,89710,89711,89712,89715,89716,89718,89719,89721,89722,140],{},"That fails because ",[15,89713,89714],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89717,9581],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89720,2345],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[214,89723,89724],{"href":42453},[15,89725,47964],{},[47,89727,89729],{"id":89728},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89731,89732,89734],{},[15,89733,46732],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[29,89736,89737,89743,89748,89753],{},[32,89738,89739,89742],{},[15,89740,89741],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[32,89744,89745,89747],{},[15,89746,52943],{}," controls what is added after the output",[32,89749,89750,89752],{},[15,89751,87017],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[32,89754,89755,89758],{},[15,89756,89757],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89760,89761,89762,700,89764,140],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89763,89741],{},[15,89765,52943],{},[47,89767,89769,36892],{"id":89768},"sep-argument",[15,89770,89741],{},[20,89772,2266,89773,89775],{},[15,89774,89741],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89777,89778],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[887,89780,89782],{"id":89781},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[52,89784,89786],{"className":54,"code":89785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89787,89788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89789,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89791,160],{"class":159},[61,89793,147],{"class":75},[61,89795,504],{"class":503},[61,89797,13373],{"class":507},[61,89799,504],{"class":503},[61,89801,83],{"class":75},[61,89803,515],{"class":503},[61,89805,17735],{"class":507},[61,89807,504],{"class":503},[61,89809,83],{"class":75},[61,89811,515],{"class":503},[61,89813,13390],{"class":507},[61,89815,504],{"class":503},[61,89817,153],{"class":75},[20,89819,1598],{},[52,89821,89823],{"className":54,"code":89822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red green blue\n",[15,89824,89825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89826,89827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89828,89822],{"class":67},[887,89830,89832],{"id":89831},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[52,89834,89836],{"className":54,"code":89835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89837,89838,89881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89839,89840,89842,89844,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89841,160],{"class":159},[61,89843,147],{"class":75},[61,89845,504],{"class":503},[61,89847,13373],{"class":507},[61,89849,504],{"class":503},[61,89851,83],{"class":75},[61,89853,515],{"class":503},[61,89855,17735],{"class":507},[61,89857,504],{"class":503},[61,89859,83],{"class":75},[61,89861,515],{"class":503},[61,89863,13390],{"class":507},[61,89865,504],{"class":503},[61,89867,83],{"class":75},[61,89869,89870],{"class":9459}," sep",[61,89872,72],{"class":71},[61,89874,504],{"class":503},[61,89876,83],{"class":507},[61,89878,504],{"class":503},[61,89880,153],{"class":75},[61,89882,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89920,89922],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89884,160],{"class":159},[61,89886,147],{"class":75},[61,89888,504],{"class":503},[61,89890,13373],{"class":507},[61,89892,504],{"class":503},[61,89894,83],{"class":75},[61,89896,515],{"class":503},[61,89898,17735],{"class":507},[61,89900,504],{"class":503},[61,89902,83],{"class":75},[61,89904,515],{"class":503},[61,89906,13390],{"class":507},[61,89908,504],{"class":503},[61,89910,83],{"class":75},[61,89912,89870],{"class":9459},[61,89914,72],{"class":71},[61,89916,504],{"class":503},[61,89918,89919],{"class":507}," - ",[61,89921,504],{"class":503},[61,89923,153],{"class":75},[20,89925,1598],{},[52,89927,89929],{"className":54,"code":89928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89930,89931,89943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89932,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89934,13373],{"class":67},[61,89936,83],{"class":75},[61,89938,17735],{"class":67},[61,89940,83],{"class":75},[61,89942,70258],{"class":67},[61,89944,89945,89948,89950,89953,89955],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89946,89947],{"class":67},"red ",[61,89949,2308],{"class":71},[61,89951,89952],{"class":67}," green ",[61,89954,2308],{"class":71},[61,89956,36157],{"class":67},[20,89958,89959,89961],{},[15,89960,89741],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89963,89964,89965,140],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[214,89966,89968],{"href":89967},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[47,89970,89972,36892],{"id":89971},"end-argument",[15,89973,52943],{},[20,89975,89976,89977,89979,89980,89982],{},"By default, ",[15,89978,46732],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89981,46732],{}," starts on a new line.",[887,89984,89782],{"id":89985},"default-behavior-1",[52,89987,89989],{"className":54,"code":89988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89990,89991,90005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89992,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89994,160],{"class":159},[61,89996,147],{"class":75},[61,89998,504],{"class":503},[61,90000,35142],{"class":507},[61,90002,504],{"class":503},[61,90004,153],{"class":75},[61,90006,90007,90009,90011,90013,90016,90018],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90008,160],{"class":159},[61,90010,147],{"class":75},[61,90012,504],{"class":503},[61,90014,90015],{"class":507},"World",[61,90017,504],{"class":503},[61,90019,153],{"class":75},[20,90021,1598],{},[52,90023,90025],{"className":54,"code":90024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90026,90027,90031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90028,90029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90030,89224],{"class":67},[61,90032,90033],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90034,90035],{"class":67},"World\n",[887,90037,90039],{"id":90038},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[52,90041,90043],{"className":54,"code":90042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90044,90045,90067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90046,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90048,160],{"class":159},[61,90050,147],{"class":75},[61,90052,504],{"class":503},[61,90054,35142],{"class":507},[61,90056,504],{"class":503},[61,90058,83],{"class":75},[61,90060,65320],{"class":9459},[61,90062,72],{"class":71},[61,90064,6552],{"class":503},[61,90066,153],{"class":75},[61,90068,90069,90071,90073,90075,90077,90079],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90070,160],{"class":159},[61,90072,147],{"class":75},[61,90074,504],{"class":503},[61,90076,90015],{"class":507},[61,90078,504],{"class":503},[61,90080,153],{"class":75},[20,90082,1598],{},[52,90084,90086],{"className":54,"code":90085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90087,90088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90089,90090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90091,90085],{"class":67},[887,90093,90095],{"id":90094},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[52,90097,90099],{"className":54,"code":90098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90100,90101,90130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90102,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90124,90126,90128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90104,160],{"class":159},[61,90106,147],{"class":75},[61,90108,504],{"class":503},[61,90110,35142],{"class":507},[61,90112,504],{"class":503},[61,90114,83],{"class":75},[61,90116,65320],{"class":9459},[61,90118,72],{"class":71},[61,90120,504],{"class":503},[61,90122,90123],{"class":507},"!",[61,90125,87428],{"class":34728},[61,90127,504],{"class":503},[61,90129,153],{"class":75},[61,90131,90132,90134,90136,90138,90140,90142],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90133,160],{"class":159},[61,90135,147],{"class":75},[61,90137,504],{"class":503},[61,90139,90015],{"class":507},[61,90141,504],{"class":503},[61,90143,153],{"class":75},[20,90145,1598],{},[52,90147,90149],{"className":54,"code":90148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90150,90151,90156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90152,90153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90154,90155],{"class":67},"Hello!\n",[61,90157,90158],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90159,90035],{"class":67},[20,90161,2266,90162,90164],{},[15,90163,52943],{}," argument is useful for:",[29,90166,90167,90170,90173],{},[32,90168,90169],{},"progress messages",[32,90171,90172],{},"inline output",[32,90174,90175],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[47,90177,90179,2680,90181],{"id":90178},"print-returns-none",[15,90180,46732],{},[15,90182,4058],{},[20,90184,90185,90186,90188],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90187,46732],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90190,368],{},[52,90192,90194],{"className":54,"code":90193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90195,90196,90216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90197,90198,90200,90202,90205,90207,90209,90212,90214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90199,132],{"class":67},[61,90201,72],{"class":71},[61,90203,90204],{"class":159}," print",[61,90206,147],{"class":75},[61,90208,504],{"class":503},[61,90210,90211],{"class":507},"Hi",[61,90213,504],{"class":503},[61,90215,153],{"class":75},[61,90217,90218,90220,90222,90224],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90219,160],{"class":159},[61,90221,147],{"class":75},[61,90223,165],{"class":143},[61,90225,153],{"class":75},[20,90227,1598],{},[52,90229,90231],{"className":54,"code":90230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90232,90233,90238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90234,90235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90236,90237],{"class":67},"Hi\n",[61,90239,90240],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90241,12088],{"class":4133},[20,90243,90244],{},"Why does this happen?",[29,90246,90247,90255,90260],{},[32,90248,90249,90252,90253],{},[15,90250,90251],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90254,90211],{},[32,90256,90257,90258],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90259,4058],{},[32,90261,90262,90263,12200,90265],{},"so ",[15,90264,165],{},[15,90266,4058],{},[20,90268,90269,90270,90272],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90271,46732],{}," call.",[52,90274,90276],{"className":54,"code":90275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90277,90278,90291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90279,90280,90283,90285,90287,90289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90281,90282],{"class":67},"message ",[61,90284,72],{"class":71},[61,90286,515],{"class":503},[61,90288,90211],{"class":507},[61,90290,3639],{"class":503},[61,90292,90293,90295,90297,90300],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90294,160],{"class":159},[61,90296,147],{"class":75},[61,90298,90299],{"class":143},"message",[61,90301,153],{"class":75},[20,90303,90304,90305,90307,90308,90312],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90306,46732],{}," with functions like ",[214,90309,90310],{"href":8503},[15,90311,3239],{},", which do return a value.",[47,90314,90316,90317],{"id":90315},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90318,46732],{},[20,90320,90321,90322,90324],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90323,46732],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[29,90326,90327,90330,90333,90336],{},[32,90328,90329],{},"to display results to the user",[32,90331,90332],{},"to show messages in a script",[32,90334,90335],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[32,90337,90338],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90340,368],{},[52,90342,90344],{"className":54,"code":90343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90345,90346,90354,90358,90378,90389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90347,90348,90350,90352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90349,41461],{"class":67},[61,90351,72],{"class":71},[61,90353,38790],{"class":79},[61,90355,90356],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90357,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,90359,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,90361,6238],{"class":4158},[61,90363,6666],{"class":67},[61,90365,4165],{"class":4158},[61,90367,54353],{"class":159},[61,90369,147],{"class":75},[61,90371,80],{"class":79},[61,90373,83],{"class":75},[61,90375,112],{"class":79},[61,90377,8626],{"class":75},[61,90379,90380,90383,90386],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,90381,90382],{"class":67},"    total ",[61,90384,90385],{"class":71},"+=",[61,90387,90388],{"class":67}," number\n",[61,90390,90391,90393,90395,90397,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408,90410,90412,90414,90416,90418],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,90392,8352],{"class":159},[61,90394,147],{"class":75},[61,90396,504],{"class":503},[61,90398,90399],{"class":507},"Current number:",[61,90401,504],{"class":503},[61,90403,83],{"class":75},[61,90405,2481],{"class":143},[61,90407,83],{"class":75},[61,90409,515],{"class":503},[61,90411,45843],{"class":507},[61,90413,504],{"class":503},[61,90415,83],{"class":75},[61,90417,45850],{"class":143},[61,90419,153],{"class":75},[20,90421,1598],{},[52,90423,90425],{"className":54,"code":90424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90426,90427,90443,90457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90428,90429,90432,90434,90436,90439,90441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90430,90431],{"class":67},"Current number",[61,90433,192],{"class":75},[61,90435,1720],{"class":79},[61,90437,90438],{"class":67}," Total",[61,90440,192],{"class":75},[61,90442,29891],{"class":79},[61,90444,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90446,90431],{"class":67},[61,90448,192],{"class":75},[61,90450,86],{"class":79},[61,90452,90438],{"class":67},[61,90454,192],{"class":75},[61,90456,2858],{"class":79},[61,90458,90459,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,90460,90431],{"class":67},[61,90462,192],{"class":75},[61,90464,91],{"class":79},[61,90466,90438],{"class":67},[61,90468,192],{"class":75},[61,90470,90471],{"class":79}," 6\n",[20,90473,90474,90475,140],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[214,90476,90478],{"href":90477},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[47,90480,3111],{"id":3110},[20,90482,90483,90484,140],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90485,46732],{},[887,90487,90489],{"id":90488},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90491,90492],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[52,90494,90496],{"className":54,"code":90495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90497,90498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90499,90500,90502,90504,90506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90501,160],{"class":159},[61,90503,147],{"class":75},[61,90505,35142],{"class":143},[61,90507,153],{"class":75},[20,90509,9158,90510,90512],{},[15,90511,35142],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90514,11087],{},[52,90516,90518],{"className":54,"code":90517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90519,90520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90521,90522,90524,90526,90528,90530,90532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90523,160],{"class":159},[61,90525,147],{"class":75},[61,90527,504],{"class":503},[61,90529,35142],{"class":507},[61,90531,504],{"class":503},[61,90533,153],{"class":75},[887,90535,716,90537,90539],{"id":90536},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90538,160],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90541,90542],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[52,90544,90546],{"className":54,"code":90545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90547,90548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90549,90550,90552,90554,90556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90551,160],{"class":159},[61,90553,515],{"class":503},[61,90555,35142],{"class":507},[61,90557,3639],{"class":503},[20,90559,11087],{},[52,90561,90562],{"className":54,"code":90517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,90563,90564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90565,90566,90568,90570,90572,90574,90576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90567,160],{"class":159},[61,90569,147],{"class":75},[61,90571,504],{"class":503},[61,90573,35142],{"class":507},[61,90575,504],{"class":503},[61,90577,153],{"class":75},[887,90579,90581,90582],{"id":90580},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90583,2345],{},[20,90585,90586,90587,140],{},"This causes a ",[15,90588,3285],{},[52,90590,90591],{"className":54,"code":89679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,90592,90593,90601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90594,90595,90597,90599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90596,21907],{"class":67},[61,90598,72],{"class":71},[61,90600,2867],{"class":79},[61,90602,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90604,160],{"class":159},[61,90606,147],{"class":75},[61,90608,504],{"class":503},[61,90610,89700],{"class":507},[61,90612,504],{"class":503},[61,90614,2737],{"class":71},[61,90616,9472],{"class":143},[61,90618,153],{"class":75},[20,90620,90621],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[52,90623,90625],{"className":54,"code":90624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90626,90627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90628,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90630,160],{"class":159},[61,90632,147],{"class":75},[61,90634,504],{"class":503},[61,90636,89601],{"class":507},[61,90638,504],{"class":503},[61,90640,83],{"class":75},[61,90642,9472],{"class":143},[61,90644,153],{"class":75},[20,90646,90647],{},"Or convert the number first:",[52,90649,90651],{"className":54,"code":90650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90652,90653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90654,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90656,160],{"class":159},[61,90658,147],{"class":75},[61,90660,504],{"class":503},[61,90662,89700],{"class":507},[61,90664,504],{"class":503},[61,90666,2737],{"class":71},[61,90668,49185],{"class":2071},[61,90670,147],{"class":75},[61,90672,9581],{"class":143},[61,90674,1761],{"class":75},[20,90676,90677,90678,140],{},"If you see this error, read ",[214,90679,90681],{"href":90680},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[887,90683,1524,90685,90687],{"id":90684},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90686,46732],{}," to return a value",[20,90689,90690,90691,35605,90694,192],{},"This does not store ",[15,90692,90693],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90695,165],{},[52,90697,90699],{"className":54,"code":90698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90700,90701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90702,90703,90705,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90704,132],{"class":67},[61,90706,72],{"class":71},[61,90708,90204],{"class":159},[61,90710,147],{"class":75},[61,90712,504],{"class":503},[61,90714,35142],{"class":507},[61,90716,504],{"class":503},[61,90718,153],{"class":75},[20,90720,90721,90722,140],{},"It stores ",[15,90723,4058],{},[887,90725,90727,90728,700,90730],{"id":90726},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90729,89741],{},[15,90731,52943],{},[20,90733,86087],{},[29,90735,90736,90745],{},[32,90737,90738,90740,90741,90744],{},[15,90739,89741],{}," changes what goes ",[39,90742,90743],{},"between"," multiple values",[32,90746,90747,90749,90750,90753],{},[15,90748,52943],{}," changes what appears ",[39,90751,90752],{},"after"," the output",[47,90755,90757],{"id":90756},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90759,90760,90761,90763],{},"These simple ",[15,90762,46732],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[52,90765,90767],{"className":54,"code":90766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90768,90769,90789,90804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90770,90771,90773,90775,90777,90780,90782,90784,90787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90772,160],{"class":159},[61,90774,147],{"class":75},[61,90776,504],{"class":503},[61,90778,90779],{"class":507},"Debug:",[61,90781,504],{"class":503},[61,90783,83],{"class":75},[61,90785,90786],{"class":143}," variable_name",[61,90788,153],{"class":75},[61,90790,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90792,160],{"class":159},[61,90794,147],{"class":75},[61,90796,2072],{"class":2071},[61,90798,147],{"class":75},[61,90800,90801],{"class":143},"variable_name",[61,90803,1761],{"class":75},[61,90805,90806,90808,90810,90812],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,90807,2093],{"class":159},[61,90809,147],{"class":75},[61,90811,160],{"class":159},[61,90813,153],{"class":75},[20,90815,90816],{},"What they do:",[29,90818,90819,90825,90831],{},[32,90820,90821,90824],{},[15,90822,90823],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[32,90826,90827,90830],{},[15,90828,90829],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[32,90832,90833,90836,90837],{},[15,90834,90835],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90838,46732],{},[47,90840,2109],{"id":2108},[887,90842,2113,90844,90846],{"id":90843},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90845,46732],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90848,90849,90850,90852,90853,36898],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90851,46732],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90854,52943],{},[887,90856,2123,90858,90860],{"id":90857},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90859,46732],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90862,90863,90864,90866],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90865,46732],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[887,90868,5438,90870,5441,90873,2159],{"id":90869},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90871,90872],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90874,4058],{},[20,90876,29337,90877,90879],{},[15,90878,46732],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[887,90881,90883],{"id":90882},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90885,90886],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[52,90888,90890],{"className":54,"code":90889,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90891,90892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90893,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90895,160],{"class":159},[61,90897,147],{"class":75},[61,90899,504],{"class":503},[61,90901,89601],{"class":507},[61,90903,504],{"class":503},[61,90905,83],{"class":75},[61,90907,6285],{"class":79},[61,90909,153],{"class":75},[20,90911,90912,90913,40207],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90914,47964],{},[887,90916,2153,90918,700,90920,2159],{"id":90917},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90919,89741],{},[15,90921,52943],{},[29,90923,90924,90929],{},[32,90925,90926,90928],{},[15,90927,89741],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[32,90930,90931,90933],{},[15,90932,52943],{}," changes what appears after the output",[47,90935,2172],{"id":2171},[29,90937,90938,90942,90948,90954,90959,90964],{},[32,90939,90940],{},[214,90941,51258],{"href":51257},[32,90943,90944],{},[214,90945,13,90946,3790],{"href":8503},[15,90947,3239],{},[32,90949,90950],{},[214,90951,13,90952,3790],{"href":42453},[15,90953,47964],{},[32,90955,90956],{},[214,90957,90958],{"href":89967},"How to format strings in Python",[32,90960,90961],{},[214,90962,90963],{"href":90477},"How to debug Python code",[32,90965,90966],{},[214,90967,90681],{"href":90680},[2204,90969,90970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":90972},[90973,90974,90976,90977,90983,90984,90985,90990,90996,90998,91000,91011,91012,91023],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":89145,"depth":97,"text":90975},"What print() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":89381,"depth":97,"text":89382,"children":90978},[90979,90980,90981,90982],{"id":89390,"depth":122,"text":89391},{"id":89431,"depth":122,"text":89432},{"id":89463,"depth":122,"text":89464},{"id":89490,"depth":122,"text":89491},{"id":89532,"depth":97,"text":89533},{"id":89728,"depth":97,"text":89729},{"id":89768,"depth":97,"text":90986,"children":90987},"sep argument",[90988,90989],{"id":89781,"depth":122,"text":89782},{"id":89831,"depth":122,"text":89832},{"id":89971,"depth":97,"text":90991,"children":90992},"end argument",[90993,90994,90995],{"id":89985,"depth":122,"text":89782},{"id":90038,"depth":122,"text":90039},{"id":90094,"depth":122,"text":90095},{"id":90178,"depth":97,"text":90997},"print() returns None",{"id":90315,"depth":97,"text":90999},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":91001},[91002,91003,91005,91007,91009],{"id":90488,"depth":122,"text":90489},{"id":90536,"depth":122,"text":91004},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90580,"depth":122,"text":91006},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90684,"depth":122,"text":91008},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90726,"depth":122,"text":91010},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90756,"depth":97,"text":90757},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":91013},[91014,91016,91018,91020,91021],{"id":90843,"depth":122,"text":91015},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90857,"depth":122,"text":91017},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90869,"depth":122,"text":91019},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90882,"depth":122,"text":90883},{"id":90917,"depth":122,"text":91022},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89028,"description":91024},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91031,"title":91032,"body":91033,"description":93337,"extension":2249,"meta":93338,"navigation":125,"path":93339,"seo":93340,"stem":93341,"__hash__":93342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91034,"toc":93283},[91035,91040,91045,91058,91060,91125,91136,91141,91146,91148,91171,91174,91205,91207,91224,91229,91235,91240,91289,91292,91309,91315,91320,91343,91345,91373,91379,91387,91414,91416,91441,91447,91450,91481,91483,91512,91516,91519,91524,91546,91548,91576,91582,91588,91614,91616,91640,91646,91652,91682,91684,91712,91722,91726,91732,91765,91767,91796,91799,91802,91835,91837,91845,91851,91853,91876,91881,91890,91895,91909,91911,91951,91953,91983,91987,92022,92028,92032,92076,92078,92108,92114,92117,92196,92198,92220,92228,92231,92294,92302,92377,92383,92390,92395,92400,92423,92425,92446,92448,92461,92463,92510,92512,92551,92560,92562,92566,92570,92573,92600,92603,92632,92635,92659,92662,92670,92676,92698,92700,92728,92732,92737,92792,92797,92799,92856,92863,92872,92875,92907,92909,92917,92920,92926,92928,92951,92954,92960,92963,92982,92984,93003,93006,93028,93030,93058,93062,93066,93171,93173,93186,93188,93194,93197,93205,93210,93216,93222,93227,93235,93241,93248,93250,93280],[10,91036,13,91038,3860],{"id":91037},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91039,36474],{},[20,91041,32592,91042,91044],{},[15,91043,36474],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91046,91047,91048,91050,91051,91053,91054,91057],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91049,6238],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91052,36474],{}," stops ",[39,91055,91056],{},"before"," the end value.",[47,91059,50],{"id":49},[52,91061,91063],{"className":54,"code":91062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91064,91065,91081,91091,91095,91100,91105,91110,91115,91120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91066,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91068,6238],{"class":4158},[61,91070,69825],{"class":67},[61,91072,4165],{"class":4158},[61,91074,54353],{"class":159},[61,91076,147],{"class":75},[61,91078,1013],{"class":79},[61,91080,8626],{"class":75},[61,91082,91083,91085,91087,91089],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91084,8352],{"class":159},[61,91086,147],{"class":75},[61,91088,36430],{"class":143},[61,91090,153],{"class":75},[61,91092,91093],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,91094,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,91096,91097],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,91098,91099],{"class":173},"# Output:\n",[61,91101,91102],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,91103,91104],{"class":173},"# 0\n",[61,91106,91107],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,91108,91109],{"class":173},"# 1\n",[61,91111,91112],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,91113,91114],{"class":173},"# 2\n",[61,91116,91117],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,91118,91119],{"class":173},"# 3\n",[61,91121,91122],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,91123,91124],{"class":173},"# 4\n",[20,91126,91127,91130,91131,91133,91134,140],{},[15,91128,91129],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91132,2405],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91135,1013],{},[47,91137,184,91139,187],{"id":91138},"what-range-does",[15,91140,36474],{},[20,91142,91143,91145],{},[15,91144,36474],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91147,254],{},[29,91149,91150,91155,91161,91166],{},[32,91151,91152,91154],{},[15,91153,36474],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[32,91156,91157,91158,91160],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91159,6238],{}," loops",[32,91162,91163,91164],{},"The stop value is ",[39,91165,65349],{},[32,91167,17701,91168,91170],{},[15,91169,60281],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91172,91173],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[52,91175,91177],{"className":54,"code":91176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91178,91179,91195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91180,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91182,6238],{"class":4158},[61,91184,6666],{"class":67},[61,91186,4165],{"class":4158},[61,91188,54353],{"class":159},[61,91190,147],{"class":75},[61,91192,107],{"class":79},[61,91194,8626],{"class":75},[61,91196,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91198,8352],{"class":159},[61,91200,147],{"class":75},[61,91202,2523],{"class":143},[61,91204,153],{"class":75},[20,91206,1598],{},[52,91208,91210],{"className":54,"code":91209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91211,91212,91216,91220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91213,91214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91215,47532],{"class":79},[61,91217,91218],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91219,47197],{"class":79},[61,91221,91222],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,91223,17336],{"class":79},[20,91225,91226,91227,140],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[214,91228,36305],{"href":36304},[47,91230,91232,91234],{"id":91231},"range-syntax",[15,91233,36474],{}," syntax",[20,91236,91237,91239],{},[15,91238,36474],{}," has three common forms:",[52,91241,91243],{"className":54,"code":91242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91244,91245,91255,91270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91246,91247,91249,91251,91253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91248,60281],{"class":159},[61,91250,147],{"class":75},[61,91252,75702],{"class":143},[61,91254,153],{"class":75},[61,91256,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91268],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91258,60281],{"class":159},[61,91260,147],{"class":75},[61,91262,36349],{"class":143},[61,91264,83],{"class":75},[61,91266,91267],{"class":143}," stop",[61,91269,153],{"class":75},[61,91271,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91287],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,91273,60281],{"class":159},[61,91275,147],{"class":75},[61,91277,36349],{"class":143},[61,91279,83],{"class":75},[61,91281,91267],{"class":143},[61,91283,83],{"class":75},[61,91285,91286],{"class":143}," step",[61,91288,153],{"class":75},[20,91290,91291],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[29,91293,91294,91299,91304],{},[32,91295,91296,91298],{},[15,91297,36349],{}," = first number",[32,91300,91301,91303],{},[15,91302,75702],{}," = end limit, not included",[32,91305,91306,91308],{},[15,91307,75705],{}," = amount to move each time",[887,91310,91312],{"id":91311},"rangestop",[15,91313,91314],{},"range(stop)",[20,91316,91317,91318,140],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91319,2405],{},[52,91321,91323],{"className":54,"code":91322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91324,91325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91326,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91328,160],{"class":159},[61,91330,147],{"class":75},[61,91332,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91334,147],{"class":75},[61,91336,60281],{"class":159},[61,91338,147],{"class":75},[61,91340,1013],{"class":79},[61,91342,3193],{"class":75},[20,91344,1598],{},[52,91346,91347],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91348,91349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91350,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91352,4182],{"class":75},[61,91354,2405],{"class":79},[61,91356,83],{"class":75},[61,91358,1720],{"class":79},[61,91360,83],{"class":75},[61,91362,86],{"class":79},[61,91364,83],{"class":75},[61,91366,91],{"class":79},[61,91368,83],{"class":75},[61,91370,112],{"class":79},[61,91372,943],{"class":75},[887,91374,91376],{"id":91375},"rangestart-stop",[15,91377,91378],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91380,91381,91382,91384,91385,140],{},"This starts at ",[15,91383,36349],{}," and stops before ",[15,91386,75702],{},[52,91388,91390],{"className":54,"code":91389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91391,91392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91393,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91395,160],{"class":159},[61,91397,147],{"class":75},[61,91399,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91401,147],{"class":75},[61,91403,60281],{"class":159},[61,91405,147],{"class":75},[61,91407,301],{"class":79},[61,91409,83],{"class":75},[61,91411,37920],{"class":79},[61,91413,3193],{"class":75},[20,91415,1598],{},[52,91417,91419],{"className":54,"code":91418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91420,91421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91422,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91424,4182],{"class":75},[61,91426,301],{"class":79},[61,91428,83],{"class":75},[61,91430,91],{"class":79},[61,91432,83],{"class":75},[61,91434,112],{"class":79},[61,91436,83],{"class":75},[61,91438,117],{"class":79},[61,91440,943],{"class":75},[887,91442,91444],{"id":91443},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91445,91446],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91448,91449],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[52,91451,91453],{"className":54,"code":91452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91458,160],{"class":159},[61,91460,147],{"class":75},[61,91462,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91464,147],{"class":75},[61,91466,60281],{"class":159},[61,91468,147],{"class":75},[61,91470,80],{"class":79},[61,91472,83],{"class":75},[61,91474,6285],{"class":79},[61,91476,83],{"class":75},[61,91478,86],{"class":79},[61,91480,3193],{"class":75},[20,91482,1598],{},[52,91484,91486],{"className":54,"code":91485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91487,91488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91489,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91491,4182],{"class":75},[61,91493,80],{"class":79},[61,91495,83],{"class":75},[61,91497,91],{"class":79},[61,91499,83],{"class":75},[61,91501,117],{"class":79},[61,91503,83],{"class":75},[61,91505,6274],{"class":79},[61,91507,83],{"class":75},[61,91509,54419],{"class":79},[61,91511,943],{"class":75},[47,91513,91515],{"id":91514},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91517,91518],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[887,91520,91522],{"id":91521},"range5",[15,91523,91129],{},[52,91525,91526],{"className":54,"code":91322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91527,91528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91529,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91531,160],{"class":159},[61,91533,147],{"class":75},[61,91535,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91537,147],{"class":75},[61,91539,60281],{"class":159},[61,91541,147],{"class":75},[61,91543,1013],{"class":79},[61,91545,3193],{"class":75},[20,91547,1598],{},[52,91549,91550],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91551,91552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91553,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91555,4182],{"class":75},[61,91557,2405],{"class":79},[61,91559,83],{"class":75},[61,91561,1720],{"class":79},[61,91563,83],{"class":75},[61,91565,86],{"class":79},[61,91567,83],{"class":75},[61,91569,91],{"class":79},[61,91571,83],{"class":75},[61,91573,112],{"class":79},[61,91575,943],{"class":75},[20,91577,91381,91578,91384,91580,140],{},[15,91579,2405],{},[15,91581,1013],{},[887,91583,91585],{"id":91584},"range2-6",[15,91586,91587],{},"range(2, 6)",[52,91589,91590],{"className":54,"code":91389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91591,91592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91593,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91595,160],{"class":159},[61,91597,147],{"class":75},[61,91599,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91601,147],{"class":75},[61,91603,60281],{"class":159},[61,91605,147],{"class":75},[61,91607,301],{"class":79},[61,91609,83],{"class":75},[61,91611,37920],{"class":79},[61,91613,3193],{"class":75},[20,91615,1598],{},[52,91617,91618],{"className":54,"code":91418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91619,91620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91621,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91623,4182],{"class":75},[61,91625,301],{"class":79},[61,91627,83],{"class":75},[61,91629,91],{"class":79},[61,91631,83],{"class":75},[61,91633,112],{"class":79},[61,91635,83],{"class":75},[61,91637,117],{"class":79},[61,91639,943],{"class":75},[20,91641,91381,91642,91384,91644,140],{},[15,91643,301],{},[15,91645,80870],{},[887,91647,91649],{"id":91648},"range1-10-2",[15,91650,91651],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[52,91653,91654],{"className":54,"code":91452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91655,91656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91657,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91659,160],{"class":159},[61,91661,147],{"class":75},[61,91663,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91665,147],{"class":75},[61,91667,60281],{"class":159},[61,91669,147],{"class":75},[61,91671,80],{"class":79},[61,91673,83],{"class":75},[61,91675,6285],{"class":79},[61,91677,83],{"class":75},[61,91679,86],{"class":79},[61,91681,3193],{"class":75},[20,91683,1598],{},[52,91685,91686],{"className":54,"code":91485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91687,91688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91689,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91691,4182],{"class":75},[61,91693,80],{"class":79},[61,91695,83],{"class":75},[61,91697,91],{"class":79},[61,91699,83],{"class":75},[61,91701,117],{"class":79},[61,91703,83],{"class":75},[61,91705,6274],{"class":79},[61,91707,83],{"class":75},[61,91709,54419],{"class":79},[61,91711,943],{"class":75},[20,91713,91714,91715,91717,91718,61582,91720,140],{},"This moves by ",[15,91716,301],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91719,80],{},[15,91721,2429],{},[887,91723,91725],{"id":91724},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91727,91728,91729,91731],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91730,36474],{}," count backward.",[52,91733,91735],{"className":54,"code":91734,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91736,91737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91738,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91740,160],{"class":159},[61,91742,147],{"class":75},[61,91744,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91746,147],{"class":75},[61,91748,60281],{"class":159},[61,91750,147],{"class":75},[61,91752,1013],{"class":79},[61,91754,83],{"class":75},[61,91756,4114],{"class":79},[61,91758,83],{"class":75},[61,91760,2506],{"class":71},[61,91762,80],{"class":79},[61,91764,3193],{"class":75},[20,91766,1598],{},[52,91768,91770],{"className":54,"code":91769,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91771,91772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91773,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91775,4182],{"class":75},[61,91777,1013],{"class":79},[61,91779,83],{"class":75},[61,91781,112],{"class":79},[61,91783,83],{"class":75},[61,91785,91],{"class":79},[61,91787,83],{"class":75},[61,91789,86],{"class":79},[61,91791,83],{"class":75},[61,91793,1720],{"class":79},[61,91795,943],{"class":75},[20,91797,91798],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91800,91801],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[52,91803,91805],{"className":54,"code":91804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91806,91807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91808,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91810,160],{"class":159},[61,91812,147],{"class":75},[61,91814,8377],{"class":2071},[61,91816,147],{"class":75},[61,91818,60281],{"class":159},[61,91820,147],{"class":75},[61,91822,80],{"class":79},[61,91824,83],{"class":75},[61,91826,117],{"class":79},[61,91828,83],{"class":75},[61,91830,2506],{"class":71},[61,91832,80],{"class":79},[61,91834,3193],{"class":75},[20,91836,1598],{},[52,91838,91839],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91840,91841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91842,91843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91844,38574],{"class":75},[887,91846,91847,76865,91849],{"id":77089},[15,91848,75705],{},[15,91850,2405],{},[20,91852,1904],{},[52,91854,91856],{"className":54,"code":91855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91857,91858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91859,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91861,60281],{"class":159},[61,91863,147],{"class":75},[61,91865,80],{"class":79},[61,91867,83],{"class":75},[61,91869,117],{"class":79},[61,91871,83],{"class":75},[61,91873,4114],{"class":79},[61,91875,153],{"class":75},[20,91877,77134,91878,91880],{},[15,91879,40982],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[47,91882,716,91884,91886,91887,91889],{"id":91883},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91885,36474],{}," in a ",[15,91888,6238],{}," loop",[20,91891,91892,91894],{},[15,91893,36474],{}," is most useful when:",[29,91896,91897,91900,91903],{},[32,91898,91899],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[32,91901,91902],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[32,91904,91905,91906],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91907,91908],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91910,368],{},[52,91912,91914],{"className":54,"code":91913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91915,91916,91932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91917,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91919,6238],{"class":4158},[61,91921,69825],{"class":67},[61,91923,4165],{"class":4158},[61,91925,54353],{"class":159},[61,91927,147],{"class":75},[61,91929,107],{"class":79},[61,91931,8626],{"class":75},[61,91933,91934,91936,91938,91940,91943,91945,91947,91949],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91935,8352],{"class":159},[61,91937,147],{"class":75},[61,91939,504],{"class":503},[61,91941,91942],{"class":507},"Loop number:",[61,91944,504],{"class":503},[61,91946,83],{"class":75},[61,91948,36405],{"class":143},[61,91950,153],{"class":75},[20,91952,1598],{},[52,91954,91956],{"className":54,"code":91955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91957,91958,91967,91975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91959,91960,91963,91965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91961,91962],{"class":67},"Loop number",[61,91964,192],{"class":75},[61,91966,38790],{"class":79},[61,91968,91969,91971,91973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91970,91962],{"class":67},[61,91972,192],{"class":75},[61,91974,29891],{"class":79},[61,91976,91977,91979,91981],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,91978,91962],{"class":67},[61,91980,192],{"class":75},[61,91982,45869],{"class":79},[887,91984,91986],{"id":91985},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[52,91988,91990],{"className":54,"code":91989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91991,91992,92008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91993,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91995,6238],{"class":4158},[61,91997,69825],{"class":67},[61,91999,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92001,54353],{"class":159},[61,92003,147],{"class":75},[61,92005,1013],{"class":79},[61,92007,8626],{"class":75},[61,92009,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92011,8352],{"class":159},[61,92013,147],{"class":75},[61,92015,504],{"class":503},[61,92017,35142],{"class":507},[61,92019,504],{"class":503},[61,92021,153],{"class":75},[20,92023,92024,92025,92027],{},"This prints ",[15,92026,90693],{}," five times.",[887,92029,92031],{"id":92030},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[52,92033,92035],{"className":54,"code":92034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92036,92037,92057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92038,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92040,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92042,69825],{"class":67},[61,92044,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92046,54353],{"class":159},[61,92048,147],{"class":75},[61,92050,80],{"class":79},[61,92052,83],{"class":75},[61,92054,112],{"class":79},[61,92056,8626],{"class":75},[61,92058,92059,92061,92063,92065,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92060,8352],{"class":159},[61,92062,147],{"class":75},[61,92064,504],{"class":503},[61,92066,92067],{"class":507},"Current number is",[61,92069,504],{"class":503},[61,92071,83],{"class":75},[61,92073,36405],{"class":143},[61,92075,153],{"class":75},[20,92077,1598],{},[52,92079,92081],{"className":54,"code":92080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92082,92083,92092,92100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92084,92085,92088,92090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92086,92087],{"class":67},"Current number ",[61,92089,12474],{"class":71},[61,92091,29891],{"class":79},[61,92093,92094,92096,92098],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92095,92087],{"class":67},[61,92097,12474],{"class":71},[61,92099,45869],{"class":79},[61,92101,92102,92104,92106],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92103,92087],{"class":67},[61,92105,12474],{"class":71},[61,92107,2858],{"class":79},[887,92109,92111,92113],{"id":92110},"range-and-indexing",[15,92112,36474],{}," and indexing",[20,92115,92116],{},"You may see code like this:",[52,92118,92120],{"className":54,"code":92119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92121,92122,92154,92158,92178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92123,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92125,8061],{"class":67},[61,92127,72],{"class":71},[61,92129,926],{"class":75},[61,92131,504],{"class":503},[61,92133,214],{"class":507},[61,92135,504],{"class":503},[61,92137,83],{"class":75},[61,92139,515],{"class":503},[61,92141,329],{"class":507},[61,92143,504],{"class":503},[61,92145,83],{"class":75},[61,92147,515],{"class":503},[61,92149,1071],{"class":507},[61,92151,504],{"class":503},[61,92153,943],{"class":75},[61,92155,92156],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92157,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92159,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92161,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92163,69825],{"class":67},[61,92165,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92167,54353],{"class":159},[61,92169,147],{"class":75},[61,92171,11442],{"class":159},[61,92173,147],{"class":75},[61,92175,8092],{"class":143},[61,92177,69840],{"class":75},[61,92179,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92181,8352],{"class":159},[61,92183,147],{"class":75},[61,92185,36430],{"class":143},[61,92187,83],{"class":75},[61,92189,6246],{"class":143},[61,92191,4182],{"class":75},[61,92193,36430],{"class":143},[61,92195,1887],{"class":75},[20,92197,1598],{},[52,92199,92200],{"className":54,"code":36442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92201,92202,92208,92214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92203,92204,92206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92205,2405],{"class":79},[61,92207,36451],{"class":67},[61,92209,92210,92212],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92211,80],{"class":79},[61,92213,36458],{"class":67},[61,92215,92216,92218],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92217,301],{"class":79},[61,92219,36465],{"class":67},[20,92221,92222,92223,92227],{},"This works, and it uses ",[214,92224,92225],{"href":42636},[15,92226,42639],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92229,92230],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[52,92232,92234],{"className":54,"code":92233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92235,92236,92268,92272,92284],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92237,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92239,8061],{"class":67},[61,92241,72],{"class":71},[61,92243,926],{"class":75},[61,92245,504],{"class":503},[61,92247,214],{"class":507},[61,92249,504],{"class":503},[61,92251,83],{"class":75},[61,92253,515],{"class":503},[61,92255,329],{"class":507},[61,92257,504],{"class":503},[61,92259,83],{"class":75},[61,92261,515],{"class":503},[61,92263,1071],{"class":507},[61,92265,504],{"class":503},[61,92267,943],{"class":75},[61,92269,92270],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92271,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92273,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92275,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92277,6241],{"class":67},[61,92279,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92281,6246],{"class":67},[61,92283,6673],{"class":75},[61,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92287,8352],{"class":159},[61,92289,147],{"class":75},[61,92291,23586],{"class":143},[61,92293,153],{"class":75},[20,92295,36869,92296,92301],{},[214,92297,92299],{"href":92298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92300,36025],{}," is usually a better choice:",[52,92303,92305],{"className":54,"code":92304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92306,92307,92339,92343,92363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92308,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92310,8061],{"class":67},[61,92312,72],{"class":71},[61,92314,926],{"class":75},[61,92316,504],{"class":503},[61,92318,214],{"class":507},[61,92320,504],{"class":503},[61,92322,83],{"class":75},[61,92324,515],{"class":503},[61,92326,329],{"class":507},[61,92328,504],{"class":503},[61,92330,83],{"class":75},[61,92332,515],{"class":503},[61,92334,1071],{"class":507},[61,92336,504],{"class":503},[61,92338,943],{"class":75},[61,92340,92341],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92342,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92344,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92346,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92348,36097],{"class":67},[61,92350,83],{"class":75},[61,92352,6241],{"class":67},[61,92354,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92356,36107],{"class":159},[61,92358,147],{"class":75},[61,92360,8092],{"class":143},[61,92362,8626],{"class":75},[61,92364,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92366,8352],{"class":159},[61,92368,147],{"class":75},[61,92370,36122],{"class":143},[61,92372,83],{"class":75},[61,92374,29783],{"class":143},[61,92376,153],{"class":75},[20,92378,79394,92379,140],{},[214,92380,36882,92381,36885],{"href":36881},[15,92382,36025],{},[47,92384,92386,92387,92389],{"id":92385},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92388,36474],{}," to a list",[20,92391,92392,92394],{},[15,92393,36474],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92396,92397,92398,192],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92399,25056],{},[52,92401,92403],{"className":54,"code":92402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92404,92405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92406,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92408,160],{"class":159},[61,92410,147],{"class":75},[61,92412,8377],{"class":2071},[61,92414,147],{"class":75},[61,92416,60281],{"class":159},[61,92418,147],{"class":75},[61,92420,107],{"class":79},[61,92422,3193],{"class":75},[20,92424,1598],{},[52,92426,92428],{"className":54,"code":92427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92429,92430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92431,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92433,4182],{"class":75},[61,92435,2405],{"class":79},[61,92437,83],{"class":75},[61,92439,1720],{"class":79},[61,92441,83],{"class":75},[61,92443,86],{"class":79},[61,92445,943],{"class":75},[20,92447,33586],{},[29,92449,92450,92455,92458],{},[32,92451,92452,92453,42364],{},"learning how ",[15,92454,36474],{},[32,92456,92457],{},"checking your values",[32,92459,92460],{},"debugging code",[20,92462,5752],{},[52,92464,92466],{"className":54,"code":92465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92467,92468,92482,92486,92496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92471,900],{"class":67},[61,92473,72],{"class":71},[61,92475,54353],{"class":159},[61,92477,147],{"class":75},[61,92479,788],{"class":79},[61,92481,153],{"class":75},[61,92483,92484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92485,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92487,92488,92490,92492,92494],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92489,160],{"class":159},[61,92491,147],{"class":75},[61,92493,3929],{"class":143},[61,92495,153],{"class":75},[61,92497,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92499,160],{"class":159},[61,92501,147],{"class":75},[61,92503,8377],{"class":2071},[61,92505,147],{"class":75},[61,92507,3929],{"class":143},[61,92509,1761],{"class":75},[20,92511,1598],{},[52,92513,92515],{"className":54,"code":92514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92516,92517,92531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92518,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92520,60281],{"class":159},[61,92522,147],{"class":75},[61,92524,2405],{"class":79},[61,92526,83],{"class":75},[61,92528,112],{"class":79},[61,92530,153],{"class":75},[61,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92534,4182],{"class":75},[61,92536,2405],{"class":79},[61,92538,83],{"class":75},[61,92540,1720],{"class":79},[61,92542,83],{"class":75},[61,92544,86],{"class":79},[61,92546,83],{"class":75},[61,92548,91],{"class":79},[61,92550,943],{"class":75},[20,92552,92553,92554,1310,92556,92559],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92555,60281],{},[15,92557,92558],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[47,92561,1520],{"id":1519},[20,92563,33815,92564,140],{},[15,92565,36474],{},[887,92567,92569],{"id":92568},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92571,92572],{},"Many beginners think this:",[52,92574,92576],{"className":54,"code":92575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92577,92578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92581,160],{"class":159},[61,92583,147],{"class":75},[61,92585,8377],{"class":2071},[61,92587,147],{"class":75},[61,92589,60281],{"class":159},[61,92591,147],{"class":75},[61,92593,80],{"class":79},[61,92595,83],{"class":75},[61,92597,117],{"class":79},[61,92599,3193],{"class":75},[20,92601,92602],{},"will produce:",[52,92604,92606],{"className":54,"code":92605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92607,92608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92609,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92611,4182],{"class":75},[61,92613,80],{"class":79},[61,92615,83],{"class":75},[61,92617,86],{"class":79},[61,92619,83],{"class":75},[61,92621,91],{"class":79},[61,92623,83],{"class":75},[61,92625,112],{"class":79},[61,92627,83],{"class":75},[61,92629,117],{"class":79},[61,92631,943],{"class":75},[20,92633,92634],{},"But the real output is:",[52,92636,92637],{"className":54,"code":53788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92638,92639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92640,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92642,4182],{"class":75},[61,92644,80],{"class":79},[61,92646,83],{"class":75},[61,92648,86],{"class":79},[61,92650,83],{"class":75},[61,92652,91],{"class":79},[61,92654,83],{"class":75},[61,92656,112],{"class":79},[61,92658,943],{"class":75},[20,92660,92661],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[887,92663,4858,92665,92667,92668],{"id":92664},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92666,91129],{}," starts at ",[15,92669,80],{},[20,92671,37744,92672,19242,92674,140],{},[15,92673,2405],{},[15,92675,80],{},[52,92677,92678],{"className":54,"code":91322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92679,92680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92681,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92683,160],{"class":159},[61,92685,147],{"class":75},[61,92687,8377],{"class":2071},[61,92689,147],{"class":75},[61,92691,60281],{"class":159},[61,92693,147],{"class":75},[61,92695,1013],{"class":79},[61,92697,3193],{"class":75},[20,92699,1598],{},[52,92701,92702],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92703,92704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92707,4182],{"class":75},[61,92709,2405],{"class":79},[61,92711,83],{"class":75},[61,92713,1720],{"class":79},[61,92715,83],{"class":75},[61,92717,86],{"class":79},[61,92719,83],{"class":75},[61,92721,91],{"class":79},[61,92723,83],{"class":75},[61,92725,112],{"class":79},[61,92727,943],{"class":75},[887,92729,92731],{"id":92730},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92733,92734,92735,192],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92736,3239],{},[52,92738,92740],{"className":54,"code":92739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92741,92742,92761,92765,92782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92743,92744,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92745,92746],{"class":67},"user_number ",[61,92748,72],{"class":71},[61,92750,8526],{"class":159},[61,92752,147],{"class":75},[61,92754,504],{"class":503},[61,92756,42150],{"class":507},[61,92758,504],{"class":503},[61,92760,153],{"class":75},[61,92762,92763],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92764,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92766,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775,92777,92780],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92768,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92770,69825],{"class":67},[61,92772,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92774,54353],{"class":159},[61,92776,147],{"class":75},[61,92778,92779],{"class":143},"user_number",[61,92781,8626],{"class":75},[61,92783,92784,92786,92788,92790],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92785,8352],{"class":159},[61,92787,147],{"class":75},[61,92789,36430],{"class":143},[61,92791,153],{"class":75},[20,92793,48791,92794,92796],{},[15,92795,3239],{}," returns a string.",[20,92798,11087],{},[52,92800,92802],{"className":54,"code":92801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92803,92804,92826,92830,92846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92805,92806,92808,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92807,92746],{"class":67},[61,92809,72],{"class":71},[61,92811,45556],{"class":2071},[61,92813,147],{"class":75},[61,92815,42741],{"class":159},[61,92817,147],{"class":75},[61,92819,504],{"class":503},[61,92821,42150],{"class":507},[61,92823,504],{"class":503},[61,92825,1761],{"class":75},[61,92827,92828],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92829,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,92831,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,92833,6238],{"class":4158},[61,92835,69825],{"class":67},[61,92837,4165],{"class":4158},[61,92839,54353],{"class":159},[61,92841,147],{"class":75},[61,92843,92779],{"class":143},[61,92845,8626],{"class":75},[61,92847,92848,92850,92852,92854],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,92849,8352],{"class":159},[61,92851,147],{"class":75},[61,92853,36430],{"class":143},[61,92855,153],{"class":75},[20,92857,92858,92859,140],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[214,92860,50805,92861],{"href":50804},[15,92862,50808],{},[887,92864,92866,92867,92869,92870],{"id":92865},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92868,36349],{}," smaller than ",[15,92871,75702],{},[20,92873,92874],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[52,92876,92877],{"className":54,"code":91804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92878,92879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92880,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92882,160],{"class":159},[61,92884,147],{"class":75},[61,92886,8377],{"class":2071},[61,92888,147],{"class":75},[61,92890,60281],{"class":159},[61,92892,147],{"class":75},[61,92894,80],{"class":79},[61,92896,83],{"class":75},[61,92898,117],{"class":79},[61,92900,83],{"class":75},[61,92902,2506],{"class":71},[61,92904,80],{"class":79},[61,92906,3193],{"class":75},[20,92908,1598],{},[52,92910,92911],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92912,92913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92914,92915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92916,38574],{"class":75},[20,92918,92919],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[887,92921,25892,92923],{"id":92922},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92924,92925],{},"step = 0",[20,92927,77845],{},[52,92929,92931],{"className":54,"code":92930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92932,92933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92934,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92936,60281],{"class":159},[61,92938,147],{"class":75},[61,92940,80],{"class":79},[61,92942,83],{"class":75},[61,92944,6285],{"class":79},[61,92946,83],{"class":75},[61,92948,4114],{"class":79},[61,92950,153],{"class":75},[20,92952,92953],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[887,92955,4983,92957,92959],{"id":92956},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92958,36474],{}," is not a list",[20,92961,92962],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[52,92964,92966],{"className":54,"code":92965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92967,92968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92971,160],{"class":159},[61,92973,147],{"class":75},[61,92975,60281],{"class":159},[61,92977,147],{"class":75},[61,92979,1013],{"class":79},[61,92981,1761],{"class":75},[20,92983,1598],{},[52,92985,92987],{"className":54,"code":92986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92988,92989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92990,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92992,60281],{"class":159},[61,92994,147],{"class":75},[61,92996,2405],{"class":79},[61,92998,83],{"class":75},[61,93000,117],{"class":79},[61,93002,153],{"class":75},[20,93004,93005],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[52,93007,93008],{"className":54,"code":91322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,93009,93010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93011,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020,93022,93024,93026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93013,160],{"class":159},[61,93015,147],{"class":75},[61,93017,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93019,147],{"class":75},[61,93021,60281],{"class":159},[61,93023,147],{"class":75},[61,93025,1013],{"class":79},[61,93027,3193],{"class":75},[20,93029,1598],{},[52,93031,93032],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,93033,93034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93035,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93037,4182],{"class":75},[61,93039,2405],{"class":79},[61,93041,83],{"class":75},[61,93043,1720],{"class":79},[61,93045,83],{"class":75},[61,93047,86],{"class":79},[61,93049,83],{"class":75},[61,93051,91],{"class":79},[61,93053,83],{"class":75},[61,93055,112],{"class":79},[61,93057,943],{"class":75},[47,93059,93061],{"id":93060},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93063,9158,93064,82615],{},[15,93065,36474],{},[52,93067,93069],{"className":54,"code":93068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93070,93071,93085,93103,93125,93153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93072,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93074,160],{"class":159},[61,93076,147],{"class":75},[61,93078,60281],{"class":159},[61,93080,147],{"class":75},[61,93082,1013],{"class":79},[61,93084,1761],{"class":75},[61,93086,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93088,160],{"class":159},[61,93090,147],{"class":75},[61,93092,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93094,147],{"class":75},[61,93096,60281],{"class":159},[61,93098,147],{"class":75},[61,93100,1013],{"class":79},[61,93102,3193],{"class":75},[61,93104,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93106,160],{"class":159},[61,93108,147],{"class":75},[61,93110,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93112,147],{"class":75},[61,93114,60281],{"class":159},[61,93116,147],{"class":75},[61,93118,301],{"class":79},[61,93120,83],{"class":75},[61,93122,6639],{"class":79},[61,93124,3193],{"class":75},[61,93126,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,93128,160],{"class":159},[61,93130,147],{"class":75},[61,93132,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93134,147],{"class":75},[61,93136,60281],{"class":159},[61,93138,147],{"class":75},[61,93140,2613],{"class":79},[61,93142,83],{"class":75},[61,93144,4114],{"class":79},[61,93146,83],{"class":75},[61,93148,2506],{"class":71},[61,93150,301],{"class":79},[61,93152,3193],{"class":75},[61,93154,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,93156,160],{"class":159},[61,93158,147],{"class":75},[61,93160,2072],{"class":2071},[61,93162,147],{"class":75},[61,93164,60281],{"class":159},[61,93166,147],{"class":75},[61,93168,1013],{"class":79},[61,93170,3193],{"class":75},[20,93172,26284],{},[29,93174,93175,93178,93181],{},[32,93176,93177],{},"what values are being created",[32,93179,93180],{},"whether the direction is correct",[32,93182,93183,93184,24893],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93185,60281],{},[47,93187,2109],{"id":2108},[887,93189,2113,93191,93193],{"id":93190},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93192,36474],{}," include the last number?",[20,93195,93196],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[887,93198,5438,93200,93202,93203,2159],{"id":93199},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93201,91129],{}," start at ",[15,93204,2405],{},[20,93206,93207,93208,140],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93209,2405],{},[887,93211,2123,93213,93215],{"id":93212},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93214,36474],{}," count backward?",[20,93217,93218,93219,140],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93220,93221],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[887,93223,15184,93225,26319],{"id":93224},"is-range-a-list",[15,93226,36474],{},[20,93228,26322,93229,93231,93232,24214],{},[15,93230,60281],{}," object. Use ",[15,93233,93234],{},"list(range(...))",[887,93236,5438,93238,48965],{"id":93237},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93239,93240],{},"range(input())",[20,93242,93243,3765,93245,140],{},[15,93244,3239],{},[15,93246,93247],{},"int(input())",[47,93249,2172],{"id":2171},[29,93251,93252,93256,93262,93268,93274],{},[32,93253,93254],{},[214,93255,36305],{"href":36304},[32,93257,93258],{},[214,93259,13,93260,3790],{"href":42636},[15,93261,42639],{},[32,93263,93264],{},[214,93265,13,93266,3790],{"href":92298},[15,93267,36025],{},[32,93269,93270],{},[214,93271,37795,93272,36885],{"href":36881},[15,93273,36025],{},[32,93275,93276],{},[214,93277,50805,93278],{"href":50804},[15,93279,50808],{},[2204,93281,93282],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":93284},[93285,93286,93288,93294,93302,93309,93311,93323,93324,93336],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":91138,"depth":97,"text":93287},"What range() does",{"id":91231,"depth":97,"text":93289,"children":93290},"range() syntax",[93291,93292,93293],{"id":91311,"depth":122,"text":91314},{"id":91375,"depth":122,"text":91378},{"id":91443,"depth":122,"text":91446},{"id":91514,"depth":97,"text":91515,"children":93295},[93296,93297,93298,93299,93300],{"id":91521,"depth":122,"text":91129},{"id":91584,"depth":122,"text":91587},{"id":91648,"depth":122,"text":91651},{"id":91724,"depth":122,"text":91725},{"id":77089,"depth":122,"text":93301},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91883,"depth":97,"text":93303,"children":93304},"Using range() in a for loop",[93305,93306,93307],{"id":91985,"depth":122,"text":91986},{"id":92030,"depth":122,"text":92031},{"id":92110,"depth":122,"text":93308},"range() and indexing",{"id":92385,"depth":97,"text":93310},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":93312},[93313,93314,93316,93317,93319,93321],{"id":92568,"depth":122,"text":92569},{"id":92664,"depth":122,"text":93315},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92730,"depth":122,"text":92731},{"id":92865,"depth":122,"text":93318},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92922,"depth":122,"text":93320},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92956,"depth":122,"text":93322},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93060,"depth":97,"text":93061},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":93325},[93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"id":93190,"depth":122,"text":93327},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93199,"depth":122,"text":93329},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93212,"depth":122,"text":93331},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93224,"depth":122,"text":93333},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93237,"depth":122,"text":93335},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91032,"description":93337},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93344,"title":93345,"body":93346,"description":95019,"extension":2249,"meta":95020,"navigation":125,"path":95021,"seo":95022,"stem":95023,"__hash__":95024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93347,"toc":94992},[93348,93357,93364,93381,93397,93399,93448,93456,93460,93463,93483,93485,93549,93551,93594,93597,93643,93645,93678,93688,93694,93702,93719,93721,93752,93754,93779,93784,93795,93798,93868,93870,93901,93906,93911,93928,93930,93981,93983,94016,94019,94026,94031,94035,94051,94053,94097,94099,94145,94148,94161,94166,94170,94184,94186,94237,94239,94272,94277,94279,94286,94288,94311,94313,94378,94380,94397,94400,94433,94435,94463,94473,94480,94484,94487,94505,94508,94536,94539,94557,94562,94568,94571,94593,94595,94623,94625,94628,94653,94656,94769,94771,94850,94852,94858,94863,94871,94879,94883,94886,94888,94921,94923,94931,94937,94944,94951,94954,94956,94989],[10,93349,13,93351,1310,93353,93356],{"id":93350},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93352,36474],{},[15,93354,93355],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93358,93359,700,93361,93363],{},[15,93360,36474],{},[15,93362,93355],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[29,93365,93366,93374],{},[32,93367,93368,93370,93371],{},[15,93369,36474],{}," creates a ",[39,93372,93373],{},"range object",[32,93375,93376,93370,93378],{},[15,93377,93355],{},[39,93379,93380],{},"real list",[20,93382,93383,93384,93386,93387,93390,93391,93393,93394,93396],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93385,91129],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93388,93389],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93392,36474],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93395,93355],{}," when you actually need a list.",[47,93398,3890],{"id":3889},[52,93400,93402],{"className":54,"code":93401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93403,93404,93418,93431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93405,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93407,900],{"class":67},[61,93409,72],{"class":71},[61,93411,54353],{"class":159},[61,93413,147],{"class":75},[61,93415,1013],{"class":79},[61,93417,153],{"class":75},[61,93419,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93421,160],{"class":159},[61,93423,147],{"class":75},[61,93425,3929],{"class":143},[61,93427,442],{"class":75},[61,93429,93430],{"class":173},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[61,93432,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443,93445],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93434,160],{"class":159},[61,93436,147],{"class":75},[61,93438,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93440,147],{"class":75},[61,93442,3929],{"class":143},[61,93444,5641],{"class":75},[61,93446,93447],{"class":173},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93449,1503,93450,93452,93453,93455],{},[15,93451,36474],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93454,93355],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[47,93457,93459],{"id":93458},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93461,93462],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[29,93464,93465,93472,93477,93480],{},[32,93466,93467,22252,93469,93471],{},[15,93468,36474],{},[39,93470,93373],{},", not a list",[32,93473,93474,93476],{},[15,93475,93355],{}," converts that range object into a list",[32,93478,93479],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[32,93481,93482],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93484,368],{},[52,93486,93488],{"className":54,"code":93487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93489,93490,93505,93524,93528,93538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93491,93492,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93493,93494],{"class":67},"r ",[61,93496,72],{"class":71},[61,93498,54353],{"class":159},[61,93500,147],{"class":75},[61,93502,1013],{"class":79},[61,93504,153],{"class":75},[61,93506,93507,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93508,93509],{"class":67},"lst ",[61,93511,72],{"class":71},[61,93513,22835],{"class":2071},[61,93515,147],{"class":75},[61,93517,60281],{"class":159},[61,93519,147],{"class":75},[61,93521,1013],{"class":79},[61,93523,1761],{"class":75},[61,93525,93526],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93527,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,93529,93530,93532,93534,93536],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,93531,160],{"class":159},[61,93533,147],{"class":75},[61,93535,60788],{"class":143},[61,93537,153],{"class":75},[61,93539,93540,93542,93544,93547],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,93541,160],{"class":159},[61,93543,147],{"class":75},[61,93545,93546],{"class":143},"lst",[61,93548,153],{"class":75},[20,93550,1598],{},[52,93552,93554],{"className":54,"code":93553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93555,93556,93570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93557,93558,93560,93562,93564,93566,93568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93559,60281],{"class":159},[61,93561,147],{"class":75},[61,93563,2405],{"class":79},[61,93565,83],{"class":75},[61,93567,117],{"class":79},[61,93569,153],{"class":75},[61,93571,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93573,4182],{"class":75},[61,93575,2405],{"class":79},[61,93577,83],{"class":75},[61,93579,1720],{"class":79},[61,93581,83],{"class":75},[61,93583,86],{"class":79},[61,93585,83],{"class":75},[61,93587,91],{"class":79},[61,93589,83],{"class":75},[61,93591,112],{"class":79},[61,93593,943],{"class":75},[20,93595,93596],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[52,93598,93600],{"className":54,"code":93599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93601,93602,93620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93603,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93605,160],{"class":159},[61,93607,147],{"class":75},[61,93609,2072],{"class":2071},[61,93611,147],{"class":75},[61,93613,60281],{"class":159},[61,93615,147],{"class":75},[61,93617,1013],{"class":79},[61,93619,3193],{"class":75},[61,93621,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93623,160],{"class":159},[61,93625,147],{"class":75},[61,93627,2072],{"class":2071},[61,93629,147],{"class":75},[61,93631,8377],{"class":2071},[61,93633,147],{"class":75},[61,93635,60281],{"class":159},[61,93637,147],{"class":75},[61,93639,1013],{"class":79},[61,93641,93642],{"class":75},"))))\n",[20,93644,1598],{},[52,93646,93648],{"className":54,"code":93647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93649,93650,93664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93651,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93653,3571],{"class":71},[61,93655,3574],{"class":2350},[61,93657,639],{"class":503},[61,93659,60281],{"class":507},[61,93661,630],{"class":503},[61,93663,3583],{"class":71},[61,93665,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93667,3571],{"class":71},[61,93669,3574],{"class":2350},[61,93671,639],{"class":503},[61,93673,8377],{"class":507},[61,93675,630],{"class":503},[61,93677,3583],{"class":71},[20,93679,93680,93681,93683,93684,140],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93682,36474],{}," works, see ",[214,93685,13,93686,3790],{"href":93339},[15,93687,36474],{},[47,93689,184,93691,93693],{"id":93690},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93692,36474],{}," gives you",[20,93695,93696,93698,93699,93701],{},[15,93697,36474],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93700,6238],{}," loops.",[29,93703,93704,93707,93710,93713],{},[32,93705,93706],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[32,93708,93709],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[32,93711,93712],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[32,93714,93715,93716],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93717,93718],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93720,368],{},[52,93722,93724],{"className":54,"code":93723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93725,93726,93742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93727,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93729,6238],{"class":4158},[61,93731,69825],{"class":67},[61,93733,4165],{"class":4158},[61,93735,54353],{"class":159},[61,93737,147],{"class":75},[61,93739,1013],{"class":79},[61,93741,8626],{"class":75},[61,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93745,8352],{"class":159},[61,93747,147],{"class":75},[61,93749,36430],{"class":143},[61,93751,153],{"class":75},[20,93753,1598],{},[52,93755,93757],{"className":54,"code":93756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93758,93759,93763,93767,93771,93775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93760,93761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93762,47532],{"class":79},[61,93764,93765],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93766,47197],{"class":79},[61,93768,93769],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93770,17336],{"class":79},[61,93772,93773],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,93774,46897],{"class":79},[61,93776,93777],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,93778,48931],{"class":79},[20,93780,21050,93781,93783],{},[15,93782,91129],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93785,93786,93787,93789,93790,140],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93788,36474],{}," is so common with ",[214,93791,13,93793,91160],{"href":93792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93794,6238],{},[20,93796,93797],{},"You can also inspect it:",[52,93799,93801],{"className":54,"code":93800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93802,93803,93825,93829,93839,93853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93804,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93806,93494],{"class":67},[61,93808,72],{"class":71},[61,93810,54353],{"class":159},[61,93812,147],{"class":75},[61,93814,301],{"class":79},[61,93816,83],{"class":75},[61,93818,6285],{"class":79},[61,93820,83],{"class":75},[61,93822,86],{"class":79},[61,93824,153],{"class":75},[61,93826,93827],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93828,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,93830,93831,93833,93835,93837],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93832,160],{"class":159},[61,93834,147],{"class":75},[61,93836,60788],{"class":143},[61,93838,153],{"class":75},[61,93840,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,93842,160],{"class":159},[61,93844,147],{"class":75},[61,93846,11442],{"class":159},[61,93848,147],{"class":75},[61,93850,60788],{"class":143},[61,93852,1761],{"class":75},[61,93854,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93866],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,93856,160],{"class":159},[61,93858,147],{"class":75},[61,93860,80870],{"class":79},[61,93862,21452],{"class":4158},[61,93864,93865],{"class":143}," r",[61,93867,153],{"class":75},[20,93869,1598],{},[52,93871,93873],{"className":54,"code":93872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93874,93875,93893,93897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93876,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93878,60281],{"class":159},[61,93880,147],{"class":75},[61,93882,301],{"class":79},[61,93884,83],{"class":75},[61,93886,6285],{"class":79},[61,93888,83],{"class":75},[61,93890,86],{"class":79},[61,93892,153],{"class":75},[61,93894,93895],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93896,48931],{"class":79},[61,93898,93899],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93900,4262],{"class":4133},[47,93902,184,93904,93693],{"id":93903},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93905,93355],{},[20,93907,93908,93910],{},[15,93909,93355],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[29,93912,93913,93916,93919,93922],{},[32,93914,93915],{},"It creates all values at once",[32,93917,93918],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[32,93920,93921],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[32,93923,93924,93925,93927],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93926,36474],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93929,368],{},[52,93931,93933],{"className":54,"code":93932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93934,93935,93953,93957,93967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93936,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93938,900],{"class":67},[61,93940,72],{"class":71},[61,93942,22835],{"class":2071},[61,93944,147],{"class":75},[61,93946,60281],{"class":159},[61,93948,147],{"class":75},[61,93950,1013],{"class":79},[61,93952,1761],{"class":75},[61,93954,93955],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93956,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,93958,93959,93961,93963,93965],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,93960,160],{"class":159},[61,93962,147],{"class":75},[61,93964,3929],{"class":143},[61,93966,153],{"class":75},[61,93968,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,93970,160],{"class":159},[61,93972,147],{"class":75},[61,93974,3929],{"class":143},[61,93976,4182],{"class":75},[61,93978,301],{"class":79},[61,93980,1887],{"class":75},[20,93982,1598],{},[52,93984,93986],{"className":54,"code":93985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93987,93988,94012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93989,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93991,4182],{"class":75},[61,93993,2405],{"class":79},[61,93995,83],{"class":75},[61,93997,1720],{"class":79},[61,93999,83],{"class":75},[61,94001,86],{"class":79},[61,94003,83],{"class":75},[61,94005,91],{"class":79},[61,94007,83],{"class":75},[61,94009,112],{"class":79},[61,94011,943],{"class":75},[61,94013,94014],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94015,17336],{"class":79},[20,94017,94018],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94020,94021,94022,140],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[214,94023,13,94024,3790],{"href":65127},[15,94025,25056],{},[47,94027,5240,94029],{"id":94028},"when-to-use-range",[15,94030,36474],{},[20,94032,1503,94033,10881],{},[15,94034,36474],{},[29,94036,94037,94042,94045,94048],{},[32,94038,94039,94040,91889],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94041,6238],{},[32,94043,94044],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[32,94046,94047],{},"You are working with large sequences",[32,94049,94050],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94052,368],{},[52,94054,94056],{"className":54,"code":94055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94057,94058,94078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94059,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94061,6238],{"class":4158},[61,94063,69825],{"class":67},[61,94065,4165],{"class":4158},[61,94067,54353],{"class":159},[61,94069,147],{"class":75},[61,94071,80],{"class":79},[61,94073,83],{"class":75},[61,94075,37920],{"class":79},[61,94077,8626],{"class":75},[61,94079,94080,94082,94084,94086,94089,94091,94093,94095],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94081,8352],{"class":159},[61,94083,147],{"class":75},[61,94085,504],{"class":503},[61,94087,94088],{"class":507},"Count:",[61,94090,504],{"class":503},[61,94092,83],{"class":75},[61,94094,36405],{"class":143},[61,94096,153],{"class":75},[20,94098,1598],{},[52,94100,94102],{"className":54,"code":94101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94103,94104,94113,94121,94129,94137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94105,94106,94109,94111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94107,94108],{"class":67},"Count",[61,94110,192],{"class":75},[61,94112,29891],{"class":79},[61,94114,94115,94117,94119],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94116,94108],{"class":67},[61,94118,192],{"class":75},[61,94120,45869],{"class":79},[61,94122,94123,94125,94127],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94124,94108],{"class":67},[61,94126,192],{"class":75},[61,94128,2858],{"class":79},[61,94130,94131,94133,94135],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,94132,94108],{"class":67},[61,94134,192],{"class":75},[61,94136,23939],{"class":79},[61,94138,94139,94141,94143],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,94140,94108],{"class":67},[61,94142,192],{"class":75},[61,94144,35117],{"class":79},[20,94146,94147],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94149,94150,94151,94153,94154,62569,94156,140],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94152,36025],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94155,36875],{},[214,94157,36882,94159,36885],{"href":94158},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94160,36025],{},[47,94162,5240,94164],{"id":94163},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94165,93355],{},[20,94167,1503,94168,10881],{},[15,94169,93355],{},[29,94171,94172,94175,94178,94181],{},[32,94173,94174],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[32,94176,94177],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[32,94179,94180],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[32,94182,94183],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94185,368],{},[52,94187,94189],{"className":54,"code":94188,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94190,94191,94209,94223,94227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94192,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94194,900],{"class":67},[61,94196,72],{"class":71},[61,94198,22835],{"class":2071},[61,94200,147],{"class":75},[61,94202,60281],{"class":159},[61,94204,147],{"class":75},[61,94206,1013],{"class":79},[61,94208,1761],{"class":75},[61,94210,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94212,3929],{"class":67},[61,94214,140],{"class":75},[61,94216,13834],{"class":143},[61,94218,147],{"class":75},[61,94220,1013],{"class":79},[61,94222,153],{"class":75},[61,94224,94225],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94226,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,94230,160],{"class":159},[61,94232,147],{"class":75},[61,94234,3929],{"class":143},[61,94236,153],{"class":75},[20,94238,1598],{},[52,94240,94242],{"className":54,"code":94241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94243,94244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94247,4182],{"class":75},[61,94249,2405],{"class":79},[61,94251,83],{"class":75},[61,94253,1720],{"class":79},[61,94255,83],{"class":75},[61,94257,86],{"class":79},[61,94259,83],{"class":75},[61,94261,91],{"class":79},[61,94263,83],{"class":75},[61,94265,112],{"class":79},[61,94267,83],{"class":75},[61,94269,117],{"class":79},[61,94271,943],{"class":75},[20,94273,6341,94274,94276],{},[15,94275,3929],{}," is a list.",[47,94278,15877],{"id":15876},[20,94280,94281,94283,94284,140],{},[15,94282,36474],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[39,94285,37874],{},[20,94287,2392],{},[29,94289,94290,94292,94297,94302,94305],{},[32,94291,22262],{},[32,94293,94294,94295],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94296,42639],{},[32,94298,94299,94300],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94301,4165],{},[32,94303,94304],{},"You can index it",[32,94306,94307,94308,94310],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94309,52935],{}," do not work on it",[20,94312,368],{},[52,94314,94316],{"className":54,"code":94315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94317,94318,94332,94336,94350,94364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94319,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94321,93494],{"class":67},[61,94323,72],{"class":71},[61,94325,54353],{"class":159},[61,94327,147],{"class":75},[61,94329,1013],{"class":79},[61,94331,153],{"class":75},[61,94333,94334],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94335,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,94337,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94339,160],{"class":159},[61,94341,147],{"class":75},[61,94343,60788],{"class":143},[61,94345,4182],{"class":75},[61,94347,301],{"class":79},[61,94349,1887],{"class":75},[61,94351,94352,94354,94356,94358,94360,94362],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,94353,160],{"class":159},[61,94355,147],{"class":75},[61,94357,11442],{"class":159},[61,94359,147],{"class":75},[61,94361,60788],{"class":143},[61,94363,1761],{"class":75},[61,94365,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,94367,160],{"class":159},[61,94369,147],{"class":75},[61,94371,107],{"class":79},[61,94373,21452],{"class":4158},[61,94375,93865],{"class":143},[61,94377,153],{"class":75},[20,94379,1598],{},[52,94381,94383],{"className":54,"code":94382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94384,94385,94389,94393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94386,94387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94388,17336],{"class":79},[61,94390,94391],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94392,3228],{"class":79},[61,94394,94395],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94396,4262],{"class":4133},[20,94398,94399],{},"Now compare that with this:",[52,94401,94403],{"className":54,"code":94402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94404,94405,94419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94406,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94408,93494],{"class":67},[61,94410,72],{"class":71},[61,94412,54353],{"class":159},[61,94414,147],{"class":75},[61,94416,1013],{"class":79},[61,94418,153],{"class":75},[61,94420,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94422,60788],{"class":67},[61,94424,140],{"class":75},[61,94426,13834],{"class":143},[61,94428,147],{"class":75},[61,94430,1013],{"class":79},[61,94432,153],{"class":75},[20,94434,1598],{},[52,94436,94438],{"className":54,"code":94437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94439,94440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94441,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94457,94459,94461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94443,25947],{"class":2071},[61,94445,192],{"class":75},[61,94447,639],{"class":503},[61,94449,60281],{"class":507},[61,94451,630],{"class":503},[61,94453,24893],{"class":2071},[61,94455,94456],{"class":67}," has no attribute ",[61,94458,630],{"class":503},[61,94460,13834],{"class":507},[61,94462,29976],{"class":503},[20,94464,94465,94466,1830,94468,2477,94470,94472],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94467,52935],{},[15,94469,55812],{},[15,94471,64591],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94474,94475,94476,140],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[214,94477,25955,94478],{"href":35695},[15,94479,34530],{},[47,94481,94483],{"id":94482},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94485,94486],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[52,94488,94489],{"className":54,"code":92965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94490,94491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94492,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94494,160],{"class":159},[61,94496,147],{"class":75},[61,94498,60281],{"class":159},[61,94500,147],{"class":75},[61,94502,1013],{"class":79},[61,94504,1761],{"class":75},[20,94506,94507],{},"to show:",[52,94509,94510],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94511,94512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94513,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94515,4182],{"class":75},[61,94517,2405],{"class":79},[61,94519,83],{"class":75},[61,94521,1720],{"class":79},[61,94523,83],{"class":75},[61,94525,86],{"class":79},[61,94527,83],{"class":75},[61,94529,91],{"class":79},[61,94531,83],{"class":75},[61,94533,112],{"class":79},[61,94535,943],{"class":75},[20,94537,94538],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[52,94540,94541],{"className":54,"code":92986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94542,94543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94544,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94546,60281],{"class":159},[61,94548,147],{"class":75},[61,94550,2405],{"class":79},[61,94552,83],{"class":75},[61,94554,117],{"class":79},[61,94556,153],{"class":75},[20,94558,4906,94559,94561],{},[39,94560,4909],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94563,94564,94565,94567],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[39,94566,93373],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94569,94570],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[52,94572,94573],{"className":54,"code":91322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94574,94575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94576,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94578,160],{"class":159},[61,94580,147],{"class":75},[61,94582,8377],{"class":2071},[61,94584,147],{"class":75},[61,94586,60281],{"class":159},[61,94588,147],{"class":75},[61,94590,1013],{"class":79},[61,94592,3193],{"class":75},[20,94594,1598],{},[52,94596,94597],{"className":54,"code":60304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94598,94599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94600,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94602,4182],{"class":75},[61,94604,2405],{"class":79},[61,94606,83],{"class":75},[61,94608,1720],{"class":79},[61,94610,83],{"class":75},[61,94612,86],{"class":79},[61,94614,83],{"class":75},[61,94616,91],{"class":79},[61,94618,83],{"class":75},[61,94620,112],{"class":79},[61,94622,943],{"class":75},[47,94624,3111],{"id":3110},[20,94626,94627],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[29,94629,94630,94636,94639,94645],{},[32,94631,716,94632,94635],{},[15,94633,94634],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[32,94637,94638],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[32,94640,94641,94642,94644],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94643,36474],{}," is iterable but not a list",[32,94646,716,94647,94649,94650,94652],{},[15,94648,93355],{}," when plain ",[15,94651,36474],{}," would be simpler",[20,94654,94655],{},"These quick checks can help:",[52,94657,94659],{"className":54,"code":94658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94660,94661,94675,94693,94711,94733,94751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94662,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671,94673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94664,160],{"class":159},[61,94666,147],{"class":75},[61,94668,60281],{"class":159},[61,94670,147],{"class":75},[61,94672,1013],{"class":79},[61,94674,1761],{"class":75},[61,94676,94677,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94678,160],{"class":159},[61,94680,147],{"class":75},[61,94682,8377],{"class":2071},[61,94684,147],{"class":75},[61,94686,60281],{"class":159},[61,94688,147],{"class":75},[61,94690,1013],{"class":79},[61,94692,3193],{"class":75},[61,94694,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94696,160],{"class":159},[61,94698,147],{"class":75},[61,94700,2072],{"class":2071},[61,94702,147],{"class":75},[61,94704,60281],{"class":159},[61,94706,147],{"class":75},[61,94708,1013],{"class":79},[61,94710,3193],{"class":75},[61,94712,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,94714,160],{"class":159},[61,94716,147],{"class":75},[61,94718,2072],{"class":2071},[61,94720,147],{"class":75},[61,94722,8377],{"class":2071},[61,94724,147],{"class":75},[61,94726,60281],{"class":159},[61,94728,147],{"class":75},[61,94730,1013],{"class":79},[61,94732,93642],{"class":75},[61,94734,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747,94749],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,94736,160],{"class":159},[61,94738,147],{"class":75},[61,94740,107],{"class":79},[61,94742,21452],{"class":4158},[61,94744,54353],{"class":159},[61,94746,147],{"class":75},[61,94748,1013],{"class":79},[61,94750,1761],{"class":75},[61,94752,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,94754,160],{"class":159},[61,94756,147],{"class":75},[61,94758,11442],{"class":159},[61,94760,147],{"class":75},[61,94762,60281],{"class":159},[61,94764,147],{"class":75},[61,94766,1013],{"class":79},[61,94768,3193],{"class":75},[20,94770,1598],{},[52,94772,94774],{"className":54,"code":94773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94775,94776,94790,94814,94828,94842,94846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94777,94778,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94779,60281],{"class":159},[61,94781,147],{"class":75},[61,94783,2405],{"class":79},[61,94785,83],{"class":75},[61,94787,117],{"class":79},[61,94789,153],{"class":75},[61,94791,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94793,4182],{"class":75},[61,94795,2405],{"class":79},[61,94797,83],{"class":75},[61,94799,1720],{"class":79},[61,94801,83],{"class":75},[61,94803,86],{"class":79},[61,94805,83],{"class":75},[61,94807,91],{"class":79},[61,94809,83],{"class":75},[61,94811,112],{"class":79},[61,94813,943],{"class":75},[61,94815,94816,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,94817,3571],{"class":71},[61,94819,3574],{"class":2350},[61,94821,639],{"class":503},[61,94823,60281],{"class":507},[61,94825,630],{"class":503},[61,94827,3583],{"class":71},[61,94829,94830,94832,94834,94836,94838,94840],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,94831,3571],{"class":71},[61,94833,3574],{"class":2350},[61,94835,639],{"class":503},[61,94837,8377],{"class":507},[61,94839,630],{"class":503},[61,94841,3583],{"class":71},[61,94843,94844],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,94845,4262],{"class":4133},[61,94847,94848],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,94849,3228],{"class":79},[47,94851,2109],{"id":2108},[887,94853,15184,94855,94857],{"id":94854},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94856,36474],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94859,46645,94860,94862],{},[15,94861,36474],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[887,94864,94866,94867,11372,94869,2159],{"id":94865},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94868,36474],{},[15,94870,93355],{},[20,94872,94873,94875,94876,94878],{},[15,94874,36474],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94877,93355],{}," creates a full list.",[887,94880,94882],{"id":94881},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94884,94885],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94887,368],{},[52,94889,94891],{"className":54,"code":94890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94892,94893,94907],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94894,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903,94905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94896,93494],{"class":67},[61,94898,72],{"class":71},[61,94900,54353],{"class":159},[61,94902,147],{"class":75},[61,94904,1013],{"class":79},[61,94906,153],{"class":75},[61,94908,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917,94919],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94910,160],{"class":159},[61,94912,147],{"class":75},[61,94914,60788],{"class":143},[61,94916,4182],{"class":75},[61,94918,80],{"class":79},[61,94920,1887],{"class":75},[20,94922,1598],{},[52,94924,94925],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94926,94927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94928,94929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94930,47197],{"class":79},[887,94932,5438,94934,94936],{"id":94933},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94935,94634],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94938,94939,94940,94943],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94941,94942],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[887,94945,94947,94948,94950],{"id":94946},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94949,36474],{}," to a list?",[20,94952,94953],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[47,94955,2172],{"id":2171},[29,94957,94958,94964,94970,94977,94983],{},[32,94959,94960],{},[214,94961,13,94962,3790],{"href":93339},[15,94963,36474],{},[32,94965,94966],{},[214,94967,13,94968,3790],{"href":65127},[15,94969,25056],{},[32,94971,94972],{},[214,94973,13,94974,94976],{"href":93792},[15,94975,6238],{}," loops explained",[32,94978,94979],{},[214,94980,37795,94981,36885],{"href":94158},[15,94982,36025],{},[32,94984,94985],{},[214,94986,26398,94987],{"href":35695},[15,94988,34530],{},[2204,94990,94991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":94993},[94994,94995,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95005,95006,95007,95018],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":93458,"depth":97,"text":93459},{"id":93690,"depth":97,"text":94997},"What range() gives you",{"id":93903,"depth":97,"text":94999},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94028,"depth":97,"text":95001},"When to use range()",{"id":94163,"depth":97,"text":95003},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15876,"depth":97,"text":15877},{"id":94482,"depth":97,"text":94483},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":95008},[95009,95011,95013,95014,95016],{"id":94854,"depth":122,"text":95010},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94865,"depth":122,"text":95012},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94881,"depth":122,"text":94882},{"id":94933,"depth":122,"text":95015},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94946,"depth":122,"text":95017},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93345,"description":95019},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95026,"title":95027,"body":95028,"description":96464,"extension":2249,"meta":96465,"navigation":125,"path":96466,"seo":96467,"stem":96468,"__hash__":96469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95029,"toc":96430},[95030,95036,95041,95044,95058,95061,95063,95102,95104,95117,95125,95130,95146,95149,95151,95153,95174,95191,95194,95253,95255,95274,95279,95285,95288,95322,95324,95337,95340,95385,95387,95410,95417,95423,95426,95467,95469,95483,95486,95544,95546,95561,95574,95580,95586,95651,95653,95672,95674,95692,95695,95699,95705,95707,95740,95742,95755,95765,95768,95829,95831,95852,95855,95857,95873,95878,95882,95887,95892,95948,95950,95968,95971,96016,96018,96026,96031,96035,96049,96051,96083,96085,96094,96096,96100,96109,96112,96144,96146,96158,96161,96165,96170,96211,96213,96221,96224,96247,96251,96253,96262,96265,96318,96320,96329,96333,96338,96349,96351,96360,96363,96369,96372,96378,96388,96396,96403,96405,96427],[10,95031,13,95033,3860],{"id":95032},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95034,95035],{},"round()",[20,95037,9406,95038,95040],{},[15,95039,95035],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95042,95043],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[29,95045,95046,95052],{},[32,95047,95048,95051],{},[15,95049,95050],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[32,95053,95054,95057],{},[15,95055,95056],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95059,95060],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[47,95062,50],{"id":49},[52,95064,95066],{"className":54,"code":95065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95067,95068,95084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95069,95070,95072,95074,95077,95079,95082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95071,160],{"class":159},[61,95073,147],{"class":75},[61,95075,95076],{"class":159},"round",[61,95078,147],{"class":75},[61,95080,95081],{"class":79},"3.14159",[61,95083,1761],{"class":75},[61,95085,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95087,160],{"class":159},[61,95089,147],{"class":75},[61,95091,95076],{"class":159},[61,95093,147],{"class":75},[61,95095,95081],{"class":79},[61,95097,83],{"class":75},[61,95099,86],{"class":79},[61,95101,1761],{"class":75},[20,95103,1598],{},[52,95105,95107],{"className":54,"code":95106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95108,95109,95113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95110,95111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95112,46897],{"class":79},[61,95114,95115],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95116,40455],{"class":79},[20,95118,1503,95119,95121,95122,95124],{},[15,95120,95050],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95123,95056],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[47,95126,184,95128,187],{"id":95127},"what-round-does",[15,95129,95035],{},[29,95131,95132,95137,95140,95143],{},[32,95133,95134,95136],{},[15,95135,95035],{}," is a built-in Python function",[32,95138,95139],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[32,95141,95142],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[32,95144,95145],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95147,95148],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[47,95150,221],{"id":220},[20,95152,2444],{},[52,95154,95156],{"className":54,"code":95155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95157,95158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95159,95160,95162,95164,95166,95169,95172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95161,95076],{"class":159},[61,95163,147],{"class":75},[61,95165,2523],{"class":143},[61,95167,95168],{"class":75},"[,",[61,95170,95171],{"class":143}," ndigits",[61,95173,1887],{"class":75},[29,95175,95176,95181,95186],{},[32,95177,95178,95180],{},[15,95179,2523],{}," is the value to round",[32,95182,95183,20318],{},[15,95184,95185],{},"ndigits",[32,95187,95188,95190],{},[15,95189,95185],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95192,95193],{},"Basic examples:",[52,95195,95197],{"className":54,"code":95196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95198,95199,95214,95232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95200,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209,95212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95202,160],{"class":159},[61,95204,147],{"class":75},[61,95206,95076],{"class":159},[61,95208,147],{"class":75},[61,95210,95211],{"class":79},"7.8",[61,95213,1761],{"class":75},[61,95215,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95217,160],{"class":159},[61,95219,147],{"class":75},[61,95221,95076],{"class":159},[61,95223,147],{"class":75},[61,95225,95211],{"class":79},[61,95227,83],{"class":75},[61,95229,1720],{"class":79},[61,95231,1761],{"class":75},[61,95233,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95235,160],{"class":159},[61,95237,147],{"class":75},[61,95239,95076],{"class":159},[61,95241,147],{"class":75},[61,95243,95244],{"class":79},"1234",[61,95246,83],{"class":75},[61,95248,2506],{"class":71},[61,95250,301],{"class":79},[61,95252,1761],{"class":75},[20,95254,1598],{},[52,95256,95258],{"className":54,"code":95257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95259,95260,95264,95269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95261,95262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95263,2664],{"class":79},[61,95265,95266],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95267,95268],{"class":79},"7.8\n",[61,95270,95271],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95272,95273],{"class":79},"1200\n",[20,95275,95276,95277,140],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[214,95278,2703],{"href":2702},[47,95280,716,95282,95284],{"id":95281},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95283,95035],{}," with one argument",[20,95286,95287],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[52,95289,95291],{"className":54,"code":95290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95292,95293,95307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95294,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303,95305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95296,160],{"class":159},[61,95298,147],{"class":75},[61,95300,95076],{"class":159},[61,95302,147],{"class":75},[61,95304,2645],{"class":79},[61,95306,1761],{"class":75},[61,95308,95309,95311,95313,95315,95317,95320],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95310,160],{"class":159},[61,95312,147],{"class":75},[61,95314,95076],{"class":159},[61,95316,147],{"class":75},[61,95318,95319],{"class":79},"4.8",[61,95321,1761],{"class":75},[20,95323,1598],{},[52,95325,95327],{"className":54,"code":95326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n5\n",[15,95328,95329,95333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95330,95331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95332,48931],{"class":79},[61,95334,95335],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95336,3228],{"class":79},[20,95338,95339],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[52,95341,95343],{"className":54,"code":95342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95344,95345,95361,95371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95346,95347,95349,95351,95354,95356,95359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95348,132],{"class":67},[61,95350,72],{"class":71},[61,95352,95353],{"class":159}," round",[61,95355,147],{"class":75},[61,95357,95358],{"class":79},"10.2",[61,95360,153],{"class":75},[61,95362,95363,95365,95367,95369],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95364,160],{"class":159},[61,95366,147],{"class":75},[61,95368,165],{"class":143},[61,95370,153],{"class":75},[61,95372,95373,95375,95377,95379,95381,95383],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95374,160],{"class":159},[61,95376,147],{"class":75},[61,95378,2072],{"class":2071},[61,95380,147],{"class":75},[61,95382,165],{"class":143},[61,95384,1761],{"class":75},[20,95386,1598],{},[52,95388,95390],{"className":54,"code":95389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95391,95392,95396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95393,95394],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95395,2659],{"class":79},[61,95397,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95399,3571],{"class":71},[61,95401,3574],{"class":2350},[61,95403,639],{"class":503},[61,95405,2473],{"class":507},[61,95407,630],{"class":503},[61,95409,3583],{"class":71},[20,95411,95412,95413,140],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[214,95414,13,95415,3790],{"href":3155},[15,95416,3158],{},[47,95418,716,95420,95422],{"id":95419},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95421,95035],{}," with decimal places",[20,95424,95425],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[52,95427,95429],{"className":54,"code":95428,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95430,95431,95449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95434,160],{"class":159},[61,95436,147],{"class":75},[61,95438,95076],{"class":159},[61,95440,147],{"class":75},[61,95442,95081],{"class":79},[61,95444,83],{"class":75},[61,95446,86],{"class":79},[61,95448,1761],{"class":75},[61,95450,95451,95453,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95452,160],{"class":159},[61,95454,147],{"class":75},[61,95456,95076],{"class":159},[61,95458,147],{"class":75},[61,95460,95081],{"class":79},[61,95462,83],{"class":75},[61,95464,91],{"class":79},[61,95466,1761],{"class":75},[20,95468,1598],{},[52,95470,95472],{"className":54,"code":95471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95473,95474,95478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95475,95476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95477,40455],{"class":79},[61,95479,95480],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95481,95482],{"class":79},"3.142\n",[20,95484,95485],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[52,95487,95489],{"className":54,"code":95488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95490,95491,95500,95519,95523,95533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95492,95493,95495,95497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95494,40665],{"class":67},[61,95496,72],{"class":71},[61,95498,95499],{"class":79}," 19.9876\n",[61,95501,95502,95505,95507,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95503,95504],{"class":67},"rounded_price ",[61,95506,72],{"class":71},[61,95508,95353],{"class":159},[61,95510,147],{"class":75},[61,95512,25425],{"class":143},[61,95514,83],{"class":75},[61,95516,86],{"class":79},[61,95518,153],{"class":75},[61,95520,95521],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95522,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,95524,95525,95527,95529,95531],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,95526,160],{"class":159},[61,95528,147],{"class":75},[61,95530,25425],{"class":143},[61,95532,153],{"class":75},[61,95534,95535,95537,95539,95542],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,95536,160],{"class":159},[61,95538,147],{"class":75},[61,95540,95541],{"class":143},"rounded_price",[61,95543,153],{"class":75},[20,95545,1598],{},[52,95547,95549],{"className":54,"code":95548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95550,95551,95556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95552,95553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95554,95555],{"class":79},"19.9876\n",[61,95557,95558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95559,95560],{"class":79},"19.99\n",[20,95562,95563,95564,95567,95568,3159,95570,140],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95565,95566],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[214,95569,41170],{"href":41169},[214,95571,13,95572,3790],{"href":3162},[15,95573,3165],{},[47,95575,95577,95578],{"id":95576},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95579,95185],{},[20,95581,95582,95583,95585],{},"A negative ",[15,95584,95185],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[52,95587,95589],{"className":54,"code":95588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95590,95591,95611,95631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95592,95593,95595,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95594,160],{"class":159},[61,95596,147],{"class":75},[61,95598,95076],{"class":159},[61,95600,147],{"class":75},[61,95602,95244],{"class":79},[61,95604,83],{"class":75},[61,95606,2506],{"class":71},[61,95608,80],{"class":79},[61,95610,1761],{"class":75},[61,95612,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627,95629],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95614,160],{"class":159},[61,95616,147],{"class":75},[61,95618,95076],{"class":159},[61,95620,147],{"class":75},[61,95622,95244],{"class":79},[61,95624,83],{"class":75},[61,95626,2506],{"class":71},[61,95628,301],{"class":79},[61,95630,1761],{"class":75},[61,95632,95633,95635,95637,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95634,160],{"class":159},[61,95636,147],{"class":75},[61,95638,95076],{"class":159},[61,95640,147],{"class":75},[61,95642,95244],{"class":79},[61,95644,83],{"class":75},[61,95646,2506],{"class":71},[61,95648,107],{"class":79},[61,95650,1761],{"class":75},[20,95652,1598],{},[52,95654,95656],{"className":54,"code":95655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95657,95658,95663,95667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95659,95660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95661,95662],{"class":79},"1230\n",[61,95664,95665],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95666,95273],{"class":79},[61,95668,95669],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95670,95671],{"class":79},"1000\n",[20,95673,65863],{},[29,95675,95676,95681,95687],{},[32,95677,95678,95680],{},[15,95679,66132],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[32,95682,95683,95686],{},[15,95684,95685],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[32,95688,95689,95691],{},[15,95690,47951],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95693,95694],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[47,95696,95698],{"id":95697},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95700,95701,95702,140],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95703,95704],{},".5",[20,95706,5752],{},[52,95708,95710],{"className":54,"code":95709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95711,95712,95726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95713,95714,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95715,160],{"class":159},[61,95717,147],{"class":75},[61,95719,95076],{"class":159},[61,95721,147],{"class":75},[61,95723,41437],{"class":79},[61,95725,1761],{"class":75},[61,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95729,160],{"class":159},[61,95731,147],{"class":75},[61,95733,95076],{"class":159},[61,95735,147],{"class":75},[61,95737,2326],{"class":79},[61,95739,1761],{"class":75},[20,95741,1598],{},[52,95743,95745],{"className":54,"code":95744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n4\n",[15,95746,95747,95751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95748,95749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95750,17336],{"class":79},[61,95752,95753],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95754,48931],{"class":79},[20,95756,95757,95758,95761,95762,95764],{},"Python uses ",[39,95759,95760],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95763,95704],{}," situations.",[20,95766,95767],{},"More examples:",[52,95769,95771],{"className":54,"code":95770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95772,95773,95787,95801,95815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95774,95775,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95776,160],{"class":159},[61,95778,147],{"class":75},[61,95780,95076],{"class":159},[61,95782,147],{"class":75},[61,95784,41450],{"class":79},[61,95786,1761],{"class":75},[61,95788,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95790,160],{"class":159},[61,95792,147],{"class":75},[61,95794,95076],{"class":159},[61,95796,147],{"class":75},[61,95798,41437],{"class":79},[61,95800,1761],{"class":75},[61,95802,95803,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95804,160],{"class":159},[61,95806,147],{"class":75},[61,95808,95076],{"class":159},[61,95810,147],{"class":75},[61,95812,2326],{"class":79},[61,95814,1761],{"class":75},[61,95816,95817,95819,95821,95823,95825,95827],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,95818,160],{"class":159},[61,95820,147],{"class":75},[61,95822,95076],{"class":159},[61,95824,147],{"class":75},[61,95826,41402],{"class":79},[61,95828,1761],{"class":75},[20,95830,1598],{},[52,95832,95834],{"className":54,"code":95833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95835,95836,95840,95844,95848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95837,95838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95839,17336],{"class":79},[61,95841,95842],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95843,17336],{"class":79},[61,95845,95846],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95847,48931],{"class":79},[61,95849,95850],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,95851,48931],{"class":79},[20,95853,95854],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95856,10993],{},[29,95858,95859,95866],{},[32,95860,95861,2419,95864],{},[15,95862,95863],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95865,301],{},[32,95867,95868,2419,95871],{},[15,95869,95870],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95872,788],{},[20,95874,3450,95875,95877],{},[15,95876,95704],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[47,95879,95881],{"id":95880},"return-values","Return values",[20,95883,95884,95886],{},[15,95885,95035],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95888,41184,95889,95891],{},[39,95890,4909],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[52,95893,95895],{"className":54,"code":95894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95896,95897,95906,95910,95920,95938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95898,95899,95901,95903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95900,2730],{"class":67},[61,95902,72],{"class":71},[61,95904,95905],{"class":79}," 3.14159\n",[61,95907,95908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95909,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,95911,95912,95914,95916,95918],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95913,160],{"class":159},[61,95915,147],{"class":75},[61,95917,2755],{"class":143},[61,95919,153],{"class":75},[61,95921,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,95923,160],{"class":159},[61,95925,147],{"class":75},[61,95927,95076],{"class":159},[61,95929,147],{"class":75},[61,95931,2755],{"class":143},[61,95933,83],{"class":75},[61,95935,86],{"class":79},[61,95937,1761],{"class":75},[61,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,95941,160],{"class":159},[61,95943,147],{"class":75},[61,95945,2755],{"class":143},[61,95947,153],{"class":75},[20,95949,1598],{},[52,95951,95953],{"className":54,"code":95952,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95954,95955,95960,95964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95956,95957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95958,95959],{"class":79},"3.14159\n",[61,95961,95962],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95963,40455],{"class":79},[61,95965,95966],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,95967,95959],{"class":79},[20,95969,95970],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[52,95972,95974],{"className":54,"code":95973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95975,95976,95984,96002,96006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95977,95978,95980,95982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95979,2730],{"class":67},[61,95981,72],{"class":71},[61,95983,95905],{"class":79},[61,95985,95986,95988,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95987,2730],{"class":67},[61,95989,72],{"class":71},[61,95991,95353],{"class":159},[61,95993,147],{"class":75},[61,95995,2755],{"class":143},[61,95997,83],{"class":75},[61,95999,86],{"class":79},[61,96001,153],{"class":75},[61,96003,96004],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96005,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96007,96008,96010,96012,96014],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96009,160],{"class":159},[61,96011,147],{"class":75},[61,96013,2755],{"class":143},[61,96015,153],{"class":75},[20,96017,1598],{},[52,96019,96020],{"className":54,"code":40455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,96021,96022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96023,96024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96025,40455],{"class":79},[47,96027,5240,96029],{"id":96028},"when-to-use-round",[15,96030,95035],{},[20,96032,1503,96033,6597],{},[15,96034,95035],{},[29,96036,96037,96040,96043,96046],{},[32,96038,96039],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[32,96041,96042],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[32,96044,96045],{},"Round values before reporting results",[32,96047,96048],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96050,5752],{},[52,96052,96054],{"className":54,"code":96053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96055,96056,96065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96057,96058,96060,96062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96059,2876],{"class":67},[61,96061,72],{"class":71},[61,96063,96064],{"class":79}," 12.67891\n",[61,96066,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96068,160],{"class":159},[61,96070,147],{"class":75},[61,96072,95076],{"class":159},[61,96074,147],{"class":75},[61,96076,2899],{"class":143},[61,96078,83],{"class":75},[61,96080,86],{"class":79},[61,96082,1761],{"class":75},[20,96084,1598],{},[52,96086,96088],{"className":54,"code":96087,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"12.68\n",[15,96089,96090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96091,96092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96093,96087],{"class":79},[47,96095,3111],{"id":3110},[20,96097,23370,96098,140],{},[15,96099,95035],{},[887,96101,1524,96103,96105,96106,96108],{"id":96102},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96104,95035],{}," to always round ",[15,96107,95704],{}," upward",[20,96110,96111],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[52,96113,96114],{"className":54,"code":95709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,96115,96116,96130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96117,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96119,160],{"class":159},[61,96121,147],{"class":75},[61,96123,95076],{"class":159},[61,96125,147],{"class":75},[61,96127,41437],{"class":79},[61,96129,1761],{"class":75},[61,96131,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96133,160],{"class":159},[61,96135,147],{"class":75},[61,96137,95076],{"class":159},[61,96139,147],{"class":75},[61,96141,2326],{"class":79},[61,96143,1761],{"class":75},[20,96145,1598],{},[52,96147,96148],{"className":54,"code":95744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,96149,96150,96154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96151,96152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96153,17336],{"class":79},[61,96155,96156],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96157,48931],{"class":79},[20,96159,96160],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[887,96162,96164],{"id":96163},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96166,96167,96169],{},[15,96168,95035],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[52,96171,96173],{"className":54,"code":96172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96174,96175,96183,96197,96201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96176,96177,96179,96181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96178,2730],{"class":67},[61,96180,72],{"class":71},[61,96182,95905],{"class":79},[61,96184,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96186,95076],{"class":159},[61,96188,147],{"class":75},[61,96190,2755],{"class":143},[61,96192,83],{"class":75},[61,96194,86],{"class":79},[61,96196,153],{"class":75},[61,96198,96199],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96200,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96202,96203,96205,96207,96209],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96204,160],{"class":159},[61,96206,147],{"class":75},[61,96208,2755],{"class":143},[61,96210,153],{"class":75},[20,96212,1598],{},[52,96214,96215],{"className":54,"code":95959,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,96216,96217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96218,96219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96220,95959],{"class":79},[20,96222,96223],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[52,96225,96227],{"className":54,"code":96226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96228,96229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96230,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96232,2730],{"class":67},[61,96234,72],{"class":71},[61,96236,95353],{"class":159},[61,96238,147],{"class":75},[61,96240,2755],{"class":143},[61,96242,83],{"class":75},[61,96244,86],{"class":79},[61,96246,153],{"class":75},[887,96248,96250],{"id":96249},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96252,16680],{},[52,96254,96256],{"className":54,"code":96255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96257,96258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96259,96260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96261,96255],{"class":173},[20,96263,96264],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[52,96266,96268],{"className":54,"code":96267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96269,96270,96282,96296,96300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96271,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96273,34962],{"class":67},[61,96275,72],{"class":71},[61,96277,515],{"class":503},[61,96279,40421],{"class":507},[61,96281,3639],{"class":503},[61,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96285,2501],{"class":67},[61,96287,72],{"class":71},[61,96289,40533],{"class":2071},[61,96291,147],{"class":75},[61,96293,34983],{"class":143},[61,96295,153],{"class":75},[61,96297,96298],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96299,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96301,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96303,160],{"class":159},[61,96305,147],{"class":75},[61,96307,95076],{"class":159},[61,96309,147],{"class":75},[61,96311,2523],{"class":143},[61,96313,83],{"class":75},[61,96315,1720],{"class":79},[61,96317,1761],{"class":75},[20,96319,1598],{},[52,96321,96323],{"className":54,"code":96322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.1\n",[15,96324,96325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96326,96327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96328,96322],{"class":79},[887,96330,96332],{"id":96331},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96334,96335,96337],{},[15,96336,95035],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96339,96340,96341,3159,96345,140],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[214,96342,96343],{"href":3162},[15,96344,3165],{},[214,96346,96347],{"href":3155},[15,96348,3158],{},[47,96350,2109],{"id":2108},[887,96352,2113,96354,96356,96357,96359],{"id":96353},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96355,95035],{}," always round ",[15,96358,40492],{}," up?",[20,96361,96362],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[887,96364,2113,96366,96368],{"id":96365},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96367,95035],{}," change the original number?",[20,96370,96371],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[887,96373,2123,96375,96377],{"id":96374},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96376,95035],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96379,96380,96381,96383,96384,3159,96386,140],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96382,95185],{}," value like ",[15,96385,66132],{},[15,96387,95685],{},[887,96389,2133,96391,96393,96394,2159],{"id":96390},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96392,95035],{}," on a string like ",[15,96395,48375],{},[20,96397,96398,96399,3159,96401,140],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96400,3165],{},[15,96402,3158],{},[47,96404,2172],{"id":2171},[29,96406,96407,96413,96419,96423],{},[32,96408,96409],{},[214,96410,13,96411,3790],{"href":3162},[15,96412,3165],{},[32,96414,96415],{},[214,96416,13,96417,3790],{"href":3155},[15,96418,3158],{},[32,96420,96421],{},[214,96422,2703],{"href":2702},[32,96424,96425],{},[214,96426,42459],{"href":41169},[2204,96428,96429],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":96431},[96432,96433,96435,96436,96438,96440,96442,96443,96444,96446,96453,96463],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":95127,"depth":97,"text":96434},"What round() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":95281,"depth":97,"text":96437},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95419,"depth":97,"text":96439},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95576,"depth":97,"text":96441},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95697,"depth":97,"text":95698},{"id":95880,"depth":97,"text":95881},{"id":96028,"depth":97,"text":96445},"When to use round()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":96447},[96448,96450,96451,96452],{"id":96102,"depth":122,"text":96449},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96163,"depth":122,"text":96164},{"id":96249,"depth":122,"text":96250},{"id":96331,"depth":122,"text":96332},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":96454},[96455,96457,96459,96461],{"id":96353,"depth":122,"text":96456},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96365,"depth":122,"text":96458},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96374,"depth":122,"text":96460},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96390,"depth":122,"text":96462},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95027,"description":96464},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96471,"title":96472,"body":96473,"description":97654,"extension":2249,"meta":97655,"navigation":125,"path":97656,"seo":97657,"stem":97658,"__hash__":97659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96474,"toc":97628},[96475,96482,96488,96491,96493,96542,96546,96571,96576,96581,96586,96600,96609,96611,96630,96632,96648,96651,96662,96664,96666,96727,96731,96764,96771,96778,96781,96814,96817,96821,96824,96877,96881,96902,96908,96915,96922,96983,96991,97068,97072,97084,97093,97095,97101,97107,97111,97164,97167,97224,97228,97236,97239,97243,97246,97256,97258,97355,97358,97369,97372,97415,97419,97443,97446,97452,97454,97458,97483,97485,97552,97561,97563,97569,97574,97578,97581,97585,97591,97595,97600,97602,97619,97625],[10,96476,96478,96479,18],{"id":96477},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96480,96481],{},"add()",[20,96483,96484,96487],{},[15,96485,96486],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96489,96490],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96492,50],{"id":49},[52,96494,96496],{"className":54,"code":96495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96497,96498,96518,96532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96499,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96501,900],{"class":67},[61,96503,72],{"class":71},[61,96505,76],{"class":75},[61,96507,80],{"class":79},[61,96509,83],{"class":75},[61,96511,86],{"class":79},[61,96513,83],{"class":75},[61,96515,91],{"class":79},[61,96517,94],{"class":75},[61,96519,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96521,3929],{"class":67},[61,96523,140],{"class":75},[61,96525,82381],{"class":143},[61,96527,147],{"class":75},[61,96529,788],{"class":79},[61,96531,153],{"class":75},[61,96533,96534,96536,96538,96540],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96535,160],{"class":159},[61,96537,147],{"class":75},[61,96539,3929],{"class":143},[61,96541,153],{"class":75},[20,96543,96544],{},[39,96545,1598],{},[52,96547,96549],{"className":54,"code":96548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96550,96551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96552,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96554,627],{"class":75},[61,96556,80],{"class":79},[61,96558,83],{"class":75},[61,96560,86],{"class":79},[61,96562,83],{"class":75},[61,96564,91],{"class":79},[61,96566,83],{"class":75},[61,96568,112],{"class":79},[61,96570,94],{"class":75},[20,96572,1503,96573,96575],{},[15,96574,96481],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96577,184,96579,187],{"id":96578},"what-setadd-does",[15,96580,96486],{},[20,96582,96583,96585],{},[15,96584,96486],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[29,96587,96588,96591,96594,96597],{},[32,96589,96590],{},"Adds one item to a set",[32,96592,96593],{},"Changes the original set in place",[32,96595,96596],{},"Does not return a new set",[32,96598,96599],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96601,212,96602,3159,96605,140],{},[214,96603,217],{"href":96604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained",[214,96606,96608],{"href":96607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[47,96610,221],{"id":220},[52,96612,96614],{"className":54,"code":96613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96615,96616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96617,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96619,2060],{"class":67},[61,96621,140],{"class":75},[61,96623,82381],{"class":143},[61,96625,147],{"class":75},[61,96627,23586],{"class":143},[61,96629,153],{"class":75},[20,96631,11739],{},[29,96633,96634,96639,96642],{},[32,96635,56192,96636,96638],{},[15,96637,96481],{}," on an existing set",[32,96640,96641],{},"Pass exactly one item",[32,96643,96644,96645],{},"The item must be ",[39,96646,96647],{},"hashable",[20,96649,96650],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[29,96652,96653,96655,96657,96660],{},[32,96654,56745],{},[32,96656,56748],{},[32,96658,96659],{},"Tuples",[32,96661,40873],{},[47,96663,483],{"id":482},[20,96665,11757],{},[52,96667,96669],{"className":54,"code":96668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96670,96671,96695,96713,96717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96672,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96674,13356],{"class":67},[61,96676,72],{"class":71},[61,96678,76],{"class":75},[61,96680,504],{"class":503},[61,96682,13373],{"class":507},[61,96684,504],{"class":503},[61,96686,83],{"class":75},[61,96688,515],{"class":503},[61,96690,13390],{"class":507},[61,96692,504],{"class":503},[61,96694,94],{"class":75},[61,96696,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96698,17782],{"class":67},[61,96700,140],{"class":75},[61,96702,82381],{"class":143},[61,96704,147],{"class":75},[61,96706,504],{"class":503},[61,96708,17735],{"class":507},[61,96710,504],{"class":503},[61,96712,153],{"class":75},[61,96714,96715],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96716,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96718,96719,96721,96723,96725],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96720,160],{"class":159},[61,96722,147],{"class":75},[61,96724,17782],{"class":143},[61,96726,153],{"class":75},[20,96728,96729],{},[39,96730,617],{},[52,96732,96734],{"className":54,"code":96733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96735,96736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96737,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96739,627],{"class":75},[61,96741,630],{"class":503},[61,96743,13373],{"class":507},[61,96745,630],{"class":503},[61,96747,83],{"class":75},[61,96749,639],{"class":503},[61,96751,17735],{"class":507},[61,96753,630],{"class":503},[61,96755,83],{"class":75},[61,96757,639],{"class":503},[61,96759,13390],{"class":507},[61,96761,630],{"class":503},[61,96763,94],{"class":75},[20,96765,96766,96767,96770],{},"The new value ",[15,96768,96769],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96772,96773,96774,96777],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[39,96775,96776],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96779,96780],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[52,96782,96784],{"className":54,"code":96783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96785,96786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96787,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96789,627],{"class":75},[61,96791,630],{"class":503},[61,96793,13390],{"class":507},[61,96795,630],{"class":503},[61,96797,83],{"class":75},[61,96799,639],{"class":503},[61,96801,13373],{"class":507},[61,96803,630],{"class":503},[61,96805,83],{"class":75},[61,96807,639],{"class":503},[61,96809,17735],{"class":507},[61,96811,630],{"class":503},[61,96813,94],{"class":75},[20,96815,96816],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[47,96818,96820],{"id":96819},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96822,96823],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[52,96825,96827],{"className":54,"code":96826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96828,96829,96849,96863,96867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843,96845,96847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96832,900],{"class":67},[61,96834,72],{"class":71},[61,96836,76],{"class":75},[61,96838,80],{"class":79},[61,96840,83],{"class":75},[61,96842,86],{"class":79},[61,96844,83],{"class":75},[61,96846,91],{"class":79},[61,96848,94],{"class":75},[61,96850,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96852,3929],{"class":67},[61,96854,140],{"class":75},[61,96856,82381],{"class":143},[61,96858,147],{"class":75},[61,96860,301],{"class":79},[61,96862,153],{"class":75},[61,96864,96865],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96866,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96868,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96870,160],{"class":159},[61,96872,147],{"class":75},[61,96874,3929],{"class":143},[61,96876,153],{"class":75},[20,96878,96879],{},[39,96880,1598],{},[52,96882,96884],{"className":54,"code":96883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96885,96886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96887,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96889,627],{"class":75},[61,96891,80],{"class":79},[61,96893,83],{"class":75},[61,96895,86],{"class":79},[61,96897,83],{"class":75},[61,96899,91],{"class":79},[61,96901,94],{"class":75},[20,96903,96904,96905,96907],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96906,301],{}," was already present.",[47,96909,96911,1310,96913],{"id":96910},"add-vs-update",[15,96912,96481],{},[15,96914,1313],{},[20,96916,1503,96917,96919,96920,140],{},[15,96918,96481],{}," when you want to add ",[39,96921,52939],{},[52,96923,96925],{"className":54,"code":96924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96926,96927,96951,96969,96973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96928,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96930,1028],{"class":67},[61,96932,72],{"class":71},[61,96934,76],{"class":75},[61,96936,504],{"class":503},[61,96938,214],{"class":507},[61,96940,504],{"class":503},[61,96942,83],{"class":75},[61,96944,515],{"class":503},[61,96946,329],{"class":507},[61,96948,504],{"class":503},[61,96950,94],{"class":75},[61,96952,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96954,36419],{"class":67},[61,96956,140],{"class":75},[61,96958,82381],{"class":143},[61,96960,147],{"class":75},[61,96962,504],{"class":503},[61,96964,1071],{"class":507},[61,96966,504],{"class":503},[61,96968,153],{"class":75},[61,96970,96971],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,96972,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,96974,96975,96977,96979,96981],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,96976,160],{"class":159},[61,96978,147],{"class":75},[61,96980,36419],{"class":143},[61,96982,153],{"class":75},[20,96984,1503,96985,96919,96987,96990],{},[15,96986,1313],{},[39,96988,96989],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[52,96992,96994],{"className":54,"code":96993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96995,96996,97020,97054,97058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96999,1028],{"class":67},[61,97001,72],{"class":71},[61,97003,76],{"class":75},[61,97005,504],{"class":503},[61,97007,214],{"class":507},[61,97009,504],{"class":503},[61,97011,83],{"class":75},[61,97013,515],{"class":503},[61,97015,329],{"class":507},[61,97017,504],{"class":503},[61,97019,94],{"class":75},[61,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97023,36419],{"class":67},[61,97025,140],{"class":75},[61,97027,1419],{"class":143},[61,97029,1878],{"class":75},[61,97031,504],{"class":503},[61,97033,1071],{"class":507},[61,97035,504],{"class":503},[61,97037,83],{"class":75},[61,97039,515],{"class":503},[61,97041,1080],{"class":507},[61,97043,504],{"class":503},[61,97045,83],{"class":75},[61,97047,515],{"class":503},[61,97049,60730],{"class":507},[61,97051,504],{"class":503},[61,97053,1887],{"class":75},[61,97055,97056],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97057,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97059,97060,97062,97064,97066],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97061,160],{"class":159},[61,97063,147],{"class":75},[61,97065,36419],{"class":143},[61,97067,153],{"class":75},[887,97069,97071],{"id":97070},"key-difference","Key difference",[29,97073,97074,97079],{},[32,97075,97076,97078],{},[15,97077,96481],{}," adds one item",[32,97080,97081,97083],{},[15,97082,1313],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97085,97086,97087,140],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[214,97088,97090,97091,1516],{"href":97089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97092,1313],{},[47,97094,17698],{"id":17697},[20,97096,97097,2680,97099,140],{},[15,97098,96486],{},[15,97100,4058],{},[20,97102,97103,97104,97106],{},"That means you should ",[39,97105,4909],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[887,97108,97110],{"id":97109},"correct","Correct",[52,97112,97114],{"className":54,"code":97113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97115,97116,97136,97150,97154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97119,1914],{"class":67},[61,97121,72],{"class":71},[61,97123,76],{"class":75},[61,97125,80],{"class":79},[61,97127,83],{"class":75},[61,97129,86],{"class":79},[61,97131,83],{"class":75},[61,97133,91],{"class":79},[61,97135,94],{"class":75},[61,97137,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97139,2060],{"class":67},[61,97141,140],{"class":75},[61,97143,82381],{"class":143},[61,97145,147],{"class":75},[61,97147,788],{"class":79},[61,97149,153],{"class":75},[61,97151,97152],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97153,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97155,97156,97158,97160,97162],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97157,160],{"class":159},[61,97159,147],{"class":75},[61,97161,2060],{"class":143},[61,97163,153],{"class":75},[887,97165,97166],{"id":62050},"Wrong",[52,97168,97170],{"className":54,"code":97169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97171,97172,97192,97210,97214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97173,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97175,1914],{"class":67},[61,97177,72],{"class":71},[61,97179,76],{"class":75},[61,97181,80],{"class":79},[61,97183,83],{"class":75},[61,97185,86],{"class":79},[61,97187,83],{"class":75},[61,97189,91],{"class":79},[61,97191,94],{"class":75},[61,97193,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97195,1914],{"class":67},[61,97197,72],{"class":71},[61,97199,1975],{"class":67},[61,97201,140],{"class":75},[61,97203,82381],{"class":143},[61,97205,147],{"class":75},[61,97207,788],{"class":79},[61,97209,153],{"class":75},[61,97211,97212],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97213,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97217,160],{"class":159},[61,97219,147],{"class":75},[61,97221,2060],{"class":143},[61,97223,153],{"class":75},[20,97225,97226],{},[39,97227,1598],{},[52,97229,97230],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,97231,97232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97233,97234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97235,12088],{"class":4133},[20,97237,97238],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[47,97240,97242],{"id":97241},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97244,97245],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[29,97247,97248,97250,97252,97254],{},[32,97249,56745],{},[32,97251,56748],{},[32,97253,96659],{},[32,97255,40873],{},[20,97257,368],{},[52,97259,97261],{"className":54,"code":97260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97262,97263,97273,97277,97291,97309,97327,97341,97345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97266,8061],{"class":67},[61,97268,72],{"class":71},[61,97270,15913],{"class":2071},[61,97272,8926],{"class":75},[61,97274,97275],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97276,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97278,97279,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97280,8092],{"class":67},[61,97282,140],{"class":75},[61,97284,82381],{"class":143},[61,97286,147],{"class":75},[61,97288,2613],{"class":79},[61,97290,153],{"class":75},[61,97292,97293,97295,97297,97299,97301,97303,97305,97307],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97294,8092],{"class":67},[61,97296,140],{"class":75},[61,97298,82381],{"class":143},[61,97300,147],{"class":75},[61,97302,504],{"class":503},[61,97304,4126],{"class":507},[61,97306,504],{"class":503},[61,97308,153],{"class":75},[61,97310,97311,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,97312,8092],{"class":67},[61,97314,140],{"class":75},[61,97316,82381],{"class":143},[61,97318,5790],{"class":75},[61,97320,80],{"class":79},[61,97322,83],{"class":75},[61,97324,86],{"class":79},[61,97326,1761],{"class":75},[61,97328,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,97330,8092],{"class":67},[61,97332,140],{"class":75},[61,97334,82381],{"class":143},[61,97336,147],{"class":75},[61,97338,3885],{"class":4133},[61,97340,153],{"class":75},[61,97342,97343],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,97344,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97346,97347,97349,97351,97353],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,97348,160],{"class":159},[61,97350,147],{"class":75},[61,97352,8092],{"class":143},[61,97354,153],{"class":75},[20,97356,97357],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[29,97359,97360,97363,97366],{},[32,97361,97362],{},"Lists",[32,97364,97365],{},"Dictionaries",[32,97367,97368],{},"Sets",[20,97370,97371],{},"Example that causes an error:",[52,97373,97375],{"className":54,"code":97374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97376,97377,97397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97380,8061],{"class":67},[61,97382,72],{"class":71},[61,97384,76],{"class":75},[61,97386,80],{"class":79},[61,97388,83],{"class":75},[61,97390,86],{"class":79},[61,97392,83],{"class":75},[61,97394,91],{"class":79},[61,97396,94],{"class":75},[61,97398,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411,97413],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97400,8092],{"class":67},[61,97402,140],{"class":75},[61,97404,82381],{"class":143},[61,97406,1878],{"class":75},[61,97408,788],{"class":79},[61,97410,83],{"class":75},[61,97412,117],{"class":79},[61,97414,1887],{"class":75},[20,97416,97417],{},[39,97418,29957],{},[52,97420,97422],{"className":54,"code":97421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97423,97424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97425,97426,97428,97430,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97427,3285],{"class":2071},[61,97429,192],{"class":75},[61,97431,97432],{"class":67}," unhashable ",[61,97434,2072],{"class":2071},[61,97436,192],{"class":75},[61,97438,639],{"class":503},[61,97440,8377],{"class":507},[61,97442,29976],{"class":503},[20,97444,97445],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97447,97448,97449,140],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97450,97451],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[47,97453,3111],{"id":3110},[20,97455,15014,97456,192],{},[15,97457,96486],{},[29,97459,97460,97465,97470,97473,97480],{},[32,97461,716,97462,97464],{},[15,97463,96481],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[32,97466,1524,97467,97469],{},[15,97468,96481],{}," to return the updated set",[32,97471,97472],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[32,97474,37480,97475,97477,97478],{},[15,97476,96486],{}," with list ",[15,97479,52935],{},[32,97481,97482],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97484,71782],{},[52,97486,97488],{"className":54,"code":97487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97489,97490,97500,97514,97524,97538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97491,97492,97494,97496,97498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97493,160],{"class":159},[61,97495,147],{"class":75},[61,97497,2060],{"class":143},[61,97499,153],{"class":75},[61,97501,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97503,160],{"class":159},[61,97505,147],{"class":75},[61,97507,2072],{"class":2071},[61,97509,147],{"class":75},[61,97511,2060],{"class":143},[61,97513,1761],{"class":75},[61,97515,97516,97518,97520,97522],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97517,160],{"class":159},[61,97519,147],{"class":75},[61,97521,2755],{"class":143},[61,97523,153],{"class":75},[61,97525,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97527,160],{"class":159},[61,97529,147],{"class":75},[61,97531,2072],{"class":2071},[61,97533,147],{"class":75},[61,97535,2755],{"class":143},[61,97537,1761],{"class":75},[61,97539,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,97541,2093],{"class":159},[61,97543,147],{"class":75},[61,97545,2098],{"class":2071},[61,97547,140],{"class":75},[61,97549,82381],{"class":2103},[61,97551,153],{"class":75},[20,97553,97554,97555,97557,97558,140],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97556,96486],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[214,97559,53332],{"href":97560},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[47,97562,2109],{"id":2108},[887,97564,2113,97566,97568],{"id":97565},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97567,96486],{}," return a new set?",[20,97570,97571,97572,140],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97573,4058],{},[887,97575,97577],{"id":97576},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97579,97580],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[887,97582,97584],{"id":97583},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97586,1503,97587,11372,97589,140],{},[15,97588,1515],{},[15,97590,96481],{},[887,97592,97594],{"id":97593},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97596,97597,97598,140],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97599,3285],{},[47,97601,2172],{"id":2171},[29,97603,97604,97608,97613],{},[32,97605,97606],{},[214,97607,217],{"href":96604},[32,97609,97610],{},[214,97611,97612],{"href":96607},"How to create a set in Python",[32,97614,97615],{},[214,97616,97090,97617,1516],{"href":97089},[15,97618,1313],{},[20,97620,97621,97622,97624],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97623,96481],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2204,97626,97627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":97629},[97630,97631,97633,97634,97635,97636,97640,97644,97645,97646,97653],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":96578,"depth":97,"text":97632},"What set.add() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":96819,"depth":97,"text":96820},{"id":96910,"depth":97,"text":97637,"children":97638},"add() vs update()",[97639],{"id":97070,"depth":122,"text":97071},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698,"children":97641},[97642,97643],{"id":97109,"depth":122,"text":97110},{"id":62050,"depth":122,"text":97166},{"id":97241,"depth":97,"text":97242},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":97647},[97648,97650,97651,97652],{"id":97565,"depth":122,"text":97649},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97576,"depth":122,"text":97577},{"id":97583,"depth":122,"text":97584},{"id":97593,"depth":122,"text":97594},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96472,"description":97654},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97661,"title":97662,"body":97663,"description":98830,"extension":2249,"meta":98831,"navigation":125,"path":98832,"seo":98833,"stem":98834,"__hash__":98835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97664,"toc":98797},[97665,97670,97676,97683,97728,97730,97741,97746,97751,97755,97769,97773,97775,97777,97792,97794,97808,97810,97812,97877,97879,97889,97891,97909,97915,97922,97927,98001,98003,98020,98026,98031,98102,98104,98131,98148,98151,98157,98159,98166,98170,98237,98239,98254,98257,98310,98312,98320,98332,98334,98338,98343,98345,98394,98396,98404,98406,98451,98453,98463,98469,98477,98490,98496,98498,98527,98529,98547,98551,98554,98585,98587,98605,98609,98684,98686,98702,98709,98711,98716,98721,98727,98730,98734,98742,98749,98757,98759,98794],[10,97666,96478,97668,18],{"id":97667},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97669,11602],{},[20,97671,97672,97675],{},[15,97673,97674],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97677,97678,97679,97682],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[39,97680,97681],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[52,97684,97686],{"className":54,"code":97685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97687,97688,97708,97718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97689,97690,97692,97694,97696,97698,97700,97702,97704,97706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97691,900],{"class":67},[61,97693,72],{"class":71},[61,97695,76],{"class":75},[61,97697,80],{"class":79},[61,97699,83],{"class":75},[61,97701,86],{"class":79},[61,97703,83],{"class":75},[61,97705,91],{"class":79},[61,97707,94],{"class":75},[61,97709,97710,97712,97714,97716],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97711,3929],{"class":67},[61,97713,140],{"class":75},[61,97715,11663],{"class":143},[61,97717,8926],{"class":75},[61,97719,97720,97722,97724,97726],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97721,160],{"class":159},[61,97723,147],{"class":75},[61,97725,3929],{"class":143},[61,97727,153],{"class":75},[20,97729,1598],{},[52,97731,97733],{"className":54,"code":97732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n",[15,97734,97735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97736,97737,97739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97738,2098],{"class":2071},[61,97740,8926],{"class":75},[20,97742,97743,97745],{},[15,97744,11602],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[47,97747,184,97749,187],{"id":97748},"what-setclear-does",[15,97750,97674],{},[20,97752,2266,97753,11693],{},[15,97754,11602],{},[29,97756,97757,97760,97762,97766],{},[32,97758,97759],{},"Removes every item from a set",[32,97761,96593],{},[32,97763,11704,97764],{},[15,97765,4058],{},[32,97767,97768],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97770,212,97771,71881],{},[214,97772,217],{"href":216},[47,97774,221],{"id":220},[20,97776,54730],{},[52,97778,97780],{"className":54,"code":97779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97781,97782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97783,97784,97786,97788,97790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97785,2060],{"class":67},[61,97787,140],{"class":75},[61,97789,11663],{"class":143},[61,97791,8926],{"class":75},[20,97793,254],{},[29,97795,97796,97799,97802,97805],{},[32,97797,97798],{},"It takes no arguments",[32,97800,97801],{},"It empties the set",[32,97803,97804],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[32,97806,97807],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[47,97809,483],{"id":482},[20,97811,11757],{},[52,97813,97815],{"className":54,"code":97814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97816,97817,97849,97853,97863,97867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97818,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843,97845,97847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97820,13356],{"class":67},[61,97822,72],{"class":71},[61,97824,76],{"class":75},[61,97826,504],{"class":503},[61,97828,13373],{"class":507},[61,97830,504],{"class":503},[61,97832,83],{"class":75},[61,97834,515],{"class":503},[61,97836,17735],{"class":507},[61,97838,504],{"class":503},[61,97840,83],{"class":75},[61,97842,515],{"class":503},[61,97844,13390],{"class":507},[61,97846,504],{"class":503},[61,97848,94],{"class":75},[61,97850,97851],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97852,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97854,97855,97857,97859,97861],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97856,17782],{"class":67},[61,97858,140],{"class":75},[61,97860,11663],{"class":143},[61,97862,8926],{"class":75},[61,97864,97865],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97866,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97868,97869,97871,97873,97875],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,97870,160],{"class":159},[61,97872,147],{"class":75},[61,97874,17782],{"class":143},[61,97876,153],{"class":75},[20,97878,1598],{},[52,97880,97881],{"className":54,"code":97732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,97882,97883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97884,97885,97887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97886,2098],{"class":2071},[61,97888,8926],{"class":75},[20,97890,11963],{},[29,97892,97893,97898,97903],{},[32,97894,97895,97897],{},[15,97896,17782],{}," starts with three values",[32,97899,97900,11976],{},[15,97901,97902],{},"colors.clear()",[32,97904,97905,97906,97908],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97907,4077],{},", which means an empty set",[47,97910,97912,97914],{"id":97911},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97913,11602],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97916,97917,700,97919,97921],{},[15,97918,11602],{},[15,97920,4077],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[887,97923,716,97925],{"id":97924},"using-clear",[15,97926,11602],{},[52,97928,97930],{"className":54,"code":97929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97931,97932,97952,97962,97966,97976,97980,97990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97933,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97935,8061],{"class":67},[61,97937,72],{"class":71},[61,97939,76],{"class":75},[61,97941,80],{"class":79},[61,97943,83],{"class":75},[61,97945,86],{"class":79},[61,97947,83],{"class":75},[61,97949,91],{"class":79},[61,97951,94],{"class":75},[61,97953,97954,97957,97959],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97955,97956],{"class":67},"other_name ",[61,97958,72],{"class":71},[61,97960,97961],{"class":67}," items\n",[61,97963,97964],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,97965,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97967,97968,97970,97972,97974],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,97969,8092],{"class":67},[61,97971,140],{"class":75},[61,97973,11663],{"class":143},[61,97975,8926],{"class":75},[61,97977,97978],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,97979,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,97981,97982,97984,97986,97988],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,97983,160],{"class":159},[61,97985,147],{"class":75},[61,97987,8092],{"class":143},[61,97989,153],{"class":75},[61,97991,97992,97994,97996,97999],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,97993,160],{"class":159},[61,97995,147],{"class":75},[61,97997,97998],{"class":143},"other_name",[61,98000,153],{"class":75},[20,98002,1598],{},[52,98004,98006],{"className":54,"code":98005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98007,98008,98014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98009,98010,98012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98011,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98013,8926],{"class":75},[61,98015,98016,98018],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98017,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98019,8926],{"class":75},[20,98021,98022,98023,140],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[39,98024,98025],{},"same set object",[887,98027,716,98029],{"id":98028},"using-set",[15,98030,4077],{},[52,98032,98034],{"className":54,"code":98033,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98035,98036,98056,98064,98068,98078,98082,98092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048,98050,98052,98054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98039,8061],{"class":67},[61,98041,72],{"class":71},[61,98043,76],{"class":75},[61,98045,80],{"class":79},[61,98047,83],{"class":75},[61,98049,86],{"class":79},[61,98051,83],{"class":75},[61,98053,91],{"class":79},[61,98055,94],{"class":75},[61,98057,98058,98060,98062],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98059,97956],{"class":67},[61,98061,72],{"class":71},[61,98063,97961],{"class":67},[61,98065,98066],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98067,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98069,98070,98072,98074,98076],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,98071,8061],{"class":67},[61,98073,72],{"class":71},[61,98075,15913],{"class":2071},[61,98077,8926],{"class":75},[61,98079,98080],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,98081,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98083,98084,98086,98088,98090],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,98085,160],{"class":159},[61,98087,147],{"class":75},[61,98089,8092],{"class":143},[61,98091,153],{"class":75},[61,98093,98094,98096,98098,98100],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,98095,160],{"class":159},[61,98097,147],{"class":75},[61,98099,97998],{"class":143},[61,98101,153],{"class":75},[20,98103,1598],{},[52,98105,98107],{"className":54,"code":98106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98108,98109,98115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98110,98111,98113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98112,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98114,8926],{"class":75},[61,98116,98117,98119,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98118,627],{"class":75},[61,98120,80],{"class":79},[61,98122,83],{"class":75},[61,98124,86],{"class":79},[61,98126,83],{"class":75},[61,98128,91],{"class":79},[61,98130,94],{"class":75},[20,98132,21050,98133,93370,98136,98139,98140,140,98142,98144,98145,98147],{},[15,98134,98135],{},"items = set()",[39,98137,98138],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98141,8092],{},[10127,98143],{},"\nBut ",[15,98146,97998],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98149,98150],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98152,98153,98154,140],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[214,98155,96608],{"href":98156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[47,98158,17698],{"id":17697},[20,98160,98161,14334,98163,98165],{},[15,98162,11602],{},[39,98164,4909],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98167,5428,98168,140],{},[15,98169,4058],{},[52,98171,98173],{"className":54,"code":98172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98174,98175,98195,98199,98213,98217,98227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98176,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98178,900],{"class":67},[61,98180,72],{"class":71},[61,98182,76],{"class":75},[61,98184,80],{"class":79},[61,98186,83],{"class":75},[61,98188,86],{"class":79},[61,98190,83],{"class":75},[61,98192,91],{"class":79},[61,98194,94],{"class":75},[61,98196,98197],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98198,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98200,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209,98211],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98202,132],{"class":67},[61,98204,72],{"class":71},[61,98206,956],{"class":67},[61,98208,140],{"class":75},[61,98210,11663],{"class":143},[61,98212,8926],{"class":75},[61,98214,98215],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,98216,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98218,98219,98221,98223,98225],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,98220,160],{"class":159},[61,98222,147],{"class":75},[61,98224,165],{"class":143},[61,98226,153],{"class":75},[61,98228,98229,98231,98233,98235],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,98230,160],{"class":159},[61,98232,147],{"class":75},[61,98234,3929],{"class":143},[61,98236,153],{"class":75},[20,98238,1598],{},[52,98240,98242],{"className":54,"code":98241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\nset()\n",[15,98243,98244,98248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98245,98246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98247,12088],{"class":4133},[61,98249,98250,98252],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98251,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98253,8926],{"class":75},[20,98255,98256],{},"Do not do this:",[52,98258,98260],{"className":54,"code":98259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98261,98262,98282,98296,98300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98263,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98265,900],{"class":67},[61,98267,72],{"class":71},[61,98269,76],{"class":75},[61,98271,80],{"class":79},[61,98273,83],{"class":75},[61,98275,86],{"class":79},[61,98277,83],{"class":75},[61,98279,91],{"class":79},[61,98281,94],{"class":75},[61,98283,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98285,900],{"class":67},[61,98287,72],{"class":71},[61,98289,956],{"class":67},[61,98291,140],{"class":75},[61,98293,11663],{"class":143},[61,98295,8926],{"class":75},[61,98297,98298],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98299,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,98303,160],{"class":159},[61,98305,147],{"class":75},[61,98307,3929],{"class":143},[61,98309,153],{"class":75},[20,98311,1598],{},[52,98313,98314],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98315,98316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98317,98318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98319,12088],{"class":4133},[20,98321,1283,98322,2680,98324,98326,98327,98329,98330,140],{},[15,98323,54843],{},[15,98325,4058],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98328,4058],{}," back to ",[15,98331,3929],{},[47,98333,1520],{"id":1519},[20,98335,11027,98336,140],{},[15,98337,97674],{},[887,98339,12875,98341],{"id":98340},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98342,11602],{},[20,98344,16923],{},[52,98346,98348],{"className":54,"code":98347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98349,98350,98370,98384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98351,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98353,1914],{"class":67},[61,98355,72],{"class":71},[61,98357,76],{"class":75},[61,98359,80],{"class":79},[61,98361,83],{"class":75},[61,98363,86],{"class":79},[61,98365,83],{"class":75},[61,98367,91],{"class":79},[61,98369,94],{"class":75},[61,98371,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98373,1914],{"class":67},[61,98375,72],{"class":71},[61,98377,1975],{"class":67},[61,98379,140],{"class":75},[61,98381,11663],{"class":143},[61,98383,8926],{"class":75},[61,98385,98386,98388,98390,98392],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98387,160],{"class":159},[61,98389,147],{"class":75},[61,98391,2060],{"class":143},[61,98393,153],{"class":75},[20,98395,1598],{},[52,98397,98398],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98399,98400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98401,98402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98403,12088],{"class":4133},[20,98405,16935],{},[52,98407,98409],{"className":54,"code":98408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98410,98411,98431,98441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98412,98413,98415,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425,98427,98429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98414,1914],{"class":67},[61,98416,72],{"class":71},[61,98418,76],{"class":75},[61,98420,80],{"class":79},[61,98422,83],{"class":75},[61,98424,86],{"class":79},[61,98426,83],{"class":75},[61,98428,91],{"class":79},[61,98430,94],{"class":75},[61,98432,98433,98435,98437,98439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98434,2060],{"class":67},[61,98436,140],{"class":75},[61,98438,11663],{"class":143},[61,98440,8926],{"class":75},[61,98442,98443,98445,98447,98449],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98444,160],{"class":159},[61,98446,147],{"class":75},[61,98448,2060],{"class":143},[61,98450,153],{"class":75},[20,98452,1598],{},[52,98454,98455],{"className":54,"code":97732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98456,98457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98458,98459,98461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98460,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98462,8926],{"class":75},[887,98464,1524,98466,98468],{"id":98465},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98467,11602],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98470,98471,98473,98474,98476],{},[15,98472,11602],{}," removes ",[39,98475,3995],{}," items from the set.",[20,98478,98479,98480,3159,98485,140],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[214,98481,98483],{"href":98482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98484,55812],{},[214,98486,98488],{"href":98487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98489,13043],{},[887,98491,716,98493,98495],{"id":98492},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98494,4072],{}," for an empty set",[20,98497,25966],{},[52,98499,98501],{"className":54,"code":98500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98502,98503,98512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98504,98505,98508,98510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98506,98507],{"class":67},"empty_value ",[61,98509,72],{"class":71},[61,98511,10119],{"class":75},[61,98513,98514,98516,98518,98520,98522,98525],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98515,160],{"class":159},[61,98517,147],{"class":75},[61,98519,2072],{"class":2071},[61,98521,147],{"class":75},[61,98523,98524],{"class":143},"empty_value",[61,98526,1761],{"class":75},[20,98528,1598],{},[52,98530,98531],{"className":54,"code":9091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98532,98533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98534,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98536,3571],{"class":71},[61,98538,3574],{"class":2350},[61,98540,639],{"class":503},[61,98542,9104],{"class":507},[61,98544,630],{"class":503},[61,98546,3583],{"class":71},[20,98548,98549,9071],{},[15,98550,4072],{},[20,98552,98553],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[52,98555,98557],{"className":54,"code":98556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98558,98559,98570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98560,98561,98564,98566,98568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98562,98563],{"class":67},"empty_set ",[61,98565,72],{"class":71},[61,98567,15913],{"class":2071},[61,98569,8926],{"class":75},[61,98571,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98573,160],{"class":159},[61,98575,147],{"class":75},[61,98577,2072],{"class":2071},[61,98579,147],{"class":75},[61,98581,98582],{"class":143},"empty_set",[61,98584,1761],{"class":75},[20,98586,1598],{},[52,98588,98589],{"className":54,"code":9135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98590,98591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98594,3571],{"class":71},[61,98596,3574],{"class":2350},[61,98598,639],{"class":503},[61,98600,2098],{"class":507},[61,98602,630],{"class":503},[61,98604,3583],{"class":71},[887,98606,98608],{"id":98607},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[52,98610,98612],{"className":54,"code":98611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98613,98614,98638,98646,98650,98660,98664,98674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98617,37],{"class":67},[61,98619,72],{"class":71},[61,98621,76],{"class":75},[61,98623,504],{"class":503},[61,98625,2458],{"class":507},[61,98627,504],{"class":503},[61,98629,83],{"class":75},[61,98631,515],{"class":503},[61,98633,12025],{"class":507},[61,98635,504],{"class":503},[61,98637,94],{"class":75},[61,98639,98640,98642,98644],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98641,294],{"class":67},[61,98643,72],{"class":71},[61,98645,36451],{"class":67},[61,98647,98648],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98649,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98651,98652,98654,98656,98658],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,98653,214],{"class":67},[61,98655,140],{"class":75},[61,98657,11663],{"class":143},[61,98659,8926],{"class":75},[61,98661,98662],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,98663,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98665,98666,98668,98670,98672],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,98667,160],{"class":159},[61,98669,147],{"class":75},[61,98671,214],{"class":143},[61,98673,153],{"class":75},[61,98675,98676,98678,98680,98682],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,98677,160],{"class":159},[61,98679,147],{"class":75},[61,98681,329],{"class":143},[61,98683,153],{"class":75},[20,98685,1598],{},[52,98687,98688],{"className":54,"code":98005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98689,98690,98696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98691,98692,98694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98693,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98695,8926],{"class":75},[61,98697,98698,98700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98699,2098],{"class":2071},[61,98701,8926],{"class":75},[20,98703,29337,98704,700,98706,98708],{},[15,98705,214],{},[15,98707,329],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[47,98710,2109],{"id":2108},[887,98712,5422,98714,5425],{"id":98713},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98715,97674],{},[20,98717,5428,98718,98720],{},[15,98719,4058],{},". It empties the set in place.",[887,98722,2113,98724,98726],{"id":98723},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98725,11602],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98728,98729],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[887,98731,98733],{"id":98732},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98735,98736,98737,98739,98740,140],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98738,11602],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98741,4077],{},[887,98743,2153,98745,700,98747,2159],{"id":98744},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98746,11602],{},[15,98748,4077],{},[20,98750,98751,98753,98754,98756],{},[15,98752,11602],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98755,4077],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[47,98758,2172],{"id":2171},[29,98760,98761,98765,98769,98776,98782,98788],{},[32,98762,98763],{},[214,98764,217],{"href":216},[32,98766,98767],{},[214,98768,97612],{"href":98156},[32,98770,98771],{},[214,98772,97090,98774,1516],{"href":98773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98775,96481],{},[32,98777,98778],{},[214,98779,97090,98780,1516],{"href":98482},[15,98781,55812],{},[32,98783,98784],{},[214,98785,97090,98786,1516],{"href":98487},[15,98787,13043],{},[32,98789,98790],{},[214,98791,97090,98792,1516],{"href":1512},[15,98793,1313],{},[2204,98795,98796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":98798},[98799,98801,98802,98803,98810,98811,98820,98829],{"id":97748,"depth":97,"text":98800},"What set.clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":97911,"depth":97,"text":98804,"children":98805},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98806,98808],{"id":97924,"depth":122,"text":98807},"Using clear()",{"id":98028,"depth":122,"text":98809},"Using set()",{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":98812},[98813,98815,98817,98819],{"id":98340,"depth":122,"text":98814},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98465,"depth":122,"text":98816},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98492,"depth":122,"text":98818},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98607,"depth":122,"text":98608},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":98821},[98822,98824,98826,98827],{"id":98713,"depth":122,"text":98823},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98723,"depth":122,"text":98825},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98732,"depth":122,"text":98733},{"id":98744,"depth":122,"text":98828},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97662,"description":98830},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98837,"title":98838,"body":98839,"description":100669,"extension":2249,"meta":100670,"navigation":125,"path":96607,"seo":100671,"stem":100672,"__hash__":100673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98840,"toc":100626},[98841,98844,98847,98850,98852,98955,98959,99006,99012,99014,99033,99037,99040,99042,99056,99065,99069,99072,99107,99111,99131,99134,99138,99141,99202,99206,99231,99238,99244,99249,99251,99263,99267,99316,99320,99344,99350,99354,99395,99399,99420,99424,99457,99461,99502,99505,99509,99514,99553,99557,99582,99587,99593,99630,99634,99657,99661,99663,99666,99669,99746,99750,99787,99790,99794,99800,99803,99813,99862,99868,99874,99901,99904,99926,99928,99959,99962,99966,99970,100009,100013,100076,100079,100112,100116,100141,100143,100146,100152,100155,100182,100185,100203,100207,100211,100214,100257,100260,100264,100267,100270,100300,100303,100307,100310,100325,100330,100334,100337,100426,100428,100431,100521,100524,100542,100544,100548,100558,100562,100570,100574,100577,100581,100584,100588,100591,100593,100620,100623],[10,98842,98838],{"id":98843},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98845,98846],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98848,98849],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[47,98851,3890],{"id":3889},[52,98853,98855],{"className":54,"code":98854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98856,98857,98877,98911,98921,98925,98935,98945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98860,900],{"class":67},[61,98862,72],{"class":71},[61,98864,76],{"class":75},[61,98866,80],{"class":79},[61,98868,83],{"class":75},[61,98870,86],{"class":79},[61,98872,83],{"class":75},[61,98874,91],{"class":79},[61,98876,94],{"class":75},[61,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98880,1778],{"class":67},[61,98882,72],{"class":71},[61,98884,15913],{"class":2071},[61,98886,1878],{"class":75},[61,98888,504],{"class":503},[61,98890,508],{"class":507},[61,98892,504],{"class":503},[61,98894,83],{"class":75},[61,98896,515],{"class":503},[61,98898,518],{"class":507},[61,98900,504],{"class":503},[61,98902,83],{"class":75},[61,98904,515],{"class":503},[61,98906,508],{"class":507},[61,98908,504],{"class":503},[61,98910,1887],{"class":75},[61,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,98914,98563],{"class":67},[61,98916,72],{"class":71},[61,98918,15913],{"class":2071},[61,98920,8926],{"class":75},[61,98922,98923],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,98924,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,98926,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,98928,160],{"class":159},[61,98930,147],{"class":75},[61,98932,3929],{"class":143},[61,98934,153],{"class":75},[61,98936,98937,98939,98941,98943],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,98938,160],{"class":159},[61,98940,147],{"class":75},[61,98942,4394],{"class":143},[61,98944,153],{"class":75},[61,98946,98947,98949,98951,98953],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,98948,160],{"class":159},[61,98950,147],{"class":75},[61,98952,98582],{"class":143},[61,98954,153],{"class":75},[20,98956,98957],{},[39,98958,1598],{},[52,98960,98962],{"className":54,"code":98961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98963,98964,98980,99000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98967,627],{"class":75},[61,98969,80],{"class":79},[61,98971,83],{"class":75},[61,98973,86],{"class":79},[61,98975,83],{"class":75},[61,98977,91],{"class":79},[61,98979,94],{"class":75},[61,98981,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98983,627],{"class":75},[61,98985,630],{"class":503},[61,98987,518],{"class":507},[61,98989,630],{"class":503},[61,98991,83],{"class":75},[61,98993,639],{"class":503},[61,98995,508],{"class":507},[61,98997,630],{"class":503},[61,98999,94],{"class":75},[61,99001,99002,99004],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,99003,2098],{"class":2071},[61,99005,8926],{"class":75},[20,99007,99008,99009,99011],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99010,4077],{}," for an empty set.",[47,99013,15443],{"id":15442},[29,99015,99016,99019,99024,99027,99030],{},[32,99017,99018],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[32,99020,99021,99022],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99023,4077],{},[32,99025,99026],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[32,99028,99029],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[32,99031,99032],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[47,99034,99036],{"id":99035},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99038,99039],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99041,30815],{},[29,99043,99044,99047,99050,99053],{},[32,99045,99046],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[32,99048,99049],{},"Sets are unordered",[32,99051,99052],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[32,99054,99055],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99057,99058,99059,3159,99061,140],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[214,99060,217],{"href":216},[214,99062,99064],{"href":99063},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[47,99066,99068],{"id":99067},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99070,99071],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[52,99073,99075],{"className":54,"code":99074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99076,99077,99097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99080,900],{"class":67},[61,99082,72],{"class":71},[61,99084,76],{"class":75},[61,99086,80],{"class":79},[61,99088,83],{"class":75},[61,99090,86],{"class":79},[61,99092,83],{"class":75},[61,99094,91],{"class":79},[61,99096,94],{"class":75},[61,99098,99099,99101,99103,99105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99100,160],{"class":159},[61,99102,147],{"class":75},[61,99104,3929],{"class":143},[61,99106,153],{"class":75},[20,99108,99109],{},[39,99110,617],{},[52,99112,99113],{"className":54,"code":96883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,99114,99115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99116,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99118,627],{"class":75},[61,99120,80],{"class":79},[61,99122,83],{"class":75},[61,99124,86],{"class":79},[61,99126,83],{"class":75},[61,99128,91],{"class":79},[61,99130,94],{"class":75},[20,99132,99133],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[887,99135,99137],{"id":99136},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99139,99140],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[52,99142,99144],{"className":54,"code":99143,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99145,99146,99178,99188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99147,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99149,900],{"class":67},[61,99151,72],{"class":71},[61,99153,76],{"class":75},[61,99155,80],{"class":79},[61,99157,83],{"class":75},[61,99159,86],{"class":79},[61,99161,83],{"class":75},[61,99163,86],{"class":79},[61,99165,83],{"class":75},[61,99167,91],{"class":79},[61,99169,83],{"class":75},[61,99171,91],{"class":79},[61,99173,83],{"class":75},[61,99175,91],{"class":79},[61,99177,94],{"class":75},[61,99179,99180,99182,99184,99186],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99181,160],{"class":159},[61,99183,147],{"class":75},[61,99185,3929],{"class":143},[61,99187,153],{"class":75},[61,99189,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,99191,160],{"class":159},[61,99193,147],{"class":75},[61,99195,11442],{"class":159},[61,99197,147],{"class":75},[61,99199,3929],{"class":143},[61,99201,1761],{"class":75},[20,99203,99204],{},[39,99205,617],{},[52,99207,99209],{"className":54,"code":99208,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99210,99211,99227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99212,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99214,627],{"class":75},[61,99216,80],{"class":79},[61,99218,83],{"class":75},[61,99220,86],{"class":79},[61,99222,83],{"class":75},[61,99224,91],{"class":79},[61,99226,94],{"class":75},[61,99228,99229],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99230,46897],{"class":79},[20,99232,1010,99233,700,99235,99237],{},[15,99234,301],{},[15,99236,107],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[47,99239,99241,99242],{"id":99240},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99243,4077],{},[20,99245,1503,99246,99248],{},[15,99247,4077],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99250,5737],{},[29,99252,99253,99255,99257,99259],{},[32,99254,97362],{},[32,99256,96659],{},[32,99258,56748],{},[32,99260,99261],{},[15,99262,36474],{},[887,99264,99266],{"id":99265},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[52,99268,99270],{"className":54,"code":99269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99271,99272,99306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99273,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99275,900],{"class":67},[61,99277,72],{"class":71},[61,99279,15913],{"class":2071},[61,99281,1878],{"class":75},[61,99283,80],{"class":79},[61,99285,83],{"class":75},[61,99287,86],{"class":79},[61,99289,83],{"class":75},[61,99291,86],{"class":79},[61,99293,83],{"class":75},[61,99295,91],{"class":79},[61,99297,83],{"class":75},[61,99299,91],{"class":79},[61,99301,83],{"class":75},[61,99303,112],{"class":79},[61,99305,1887],{"class":75},[61,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99309,160],{"class":159},[61,99311,147],{"class":75},[61,99313,3929],{"class":143},[61,99315,153],{"class":75},[20,99317,99318],{},[39,99319,617],{},[52,99321,99322],{"className":54,"code":96548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,99323,99324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99325,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99327,627],{"class":75},[61,99329,80],{"class":79},[61,99331,83],{"class":75},[61,99333,86],{"class":79},[61,99335,83],{"class":75},[61,99337,91],{"class":79},[61,99339,83],{"class":75},[61,99341,112],{"class":79},[61,99343,94],{"class":75},[20,99345,99346,99347,140],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[214,99348,99349],{"href":2201},"how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[887,99351,99353],{"id":99352},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[52,99355,99357],{"className":54,"code":99356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99358,99359,99385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99360,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99362,4103],{"class":67},[61,99364,72],{"class":71},[61,99366,15913],{"class":2071},[61,99368,5790],{"class":75},[61,99370,2613],{"class":79},[61,99372,83],{"class":75},[61,99374,8072],{"class":79},[61,99376,83],{"class":75},[61,99378,8072],{"class":79},[61,99380,83],{"class":75},[61,99382,8077],{"class":79},[61,99384,1761],{"class":75},[61,99386,99387,99389,99391,99393],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99388,160],{"class":159},[61,99390,147],{"class":75},[61,99392,5638],{"class":143},[61,99394,153],{"class":75},[20,99396,99397],{},[39,99398,617],{},[52,99400,99402],{"className":54,"code":99401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99403,99404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99405,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99407,627],{"class":75},[61,99409,2613],{"class":79},[61,99411,83],{"class":75},[61,99413,8072],{"class":79},[61,99415,83],{"class":75},[61,99417,8077],{"class":79},[61,99419,94],{"class":75},[887,99421,99423],{"id":99422},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[52,99425,99427],{"className":54,"code":99426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99428,99429,99447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99430,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99432,1028],{"class":67},[61,99434,72],{"class":71},[61,99436,15913],{"class":2071},[61,99438,147],{"class":75},[61,99440,504],{"class":503},[61,99442,4126],{"class":507},[61,99444,504],{"class":503},[61,99446,153],{"class":75},[61,99448,99449,99451,99453,99455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99450,160],{"class":159},[61,99452,147],{"class":75},[61,99454,36419],{"class":143},[61,99456,153],{"class":75},[20,99458,99459],{},[39,99460,617],{},[52,99462,99464],{"className":54,"code":99463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99465,99466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99467,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99469,627],{"class":75},[61,99471,630],{"class":503},[61,99473,60721],{"class":507},[61,99475,630],{"class":503},[61,99477,83],{"class":75},[61,99479,639],{"class":503},[61,99481,60730],{"class":507},[61,99483,630],{"class":503},[61,99485,83],{"class":75},[61,99487,639],{"class":503},[61,99489,60739],{"class":507},[61,99491,630],{"class":503},[61,99493,83],{"class":75},[61,99495,639],{"class":503},[61,99497,60756],{"class":507},[61,99499,630],{"class":503},[61,99501,94],{"class":75},[20,99503,99504],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[47,99506,99508],{"id":99507},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99510,99511,99512,140],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99513,4077],{},[52,99515,99517],{"className":54,"code":99516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99518,99519,99529,99539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99520,99521,99523,99525,99527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99522,98563],{"class":67},[61,99524,72],{"class":71},[61,99526,15913],{"class":2071},[61,99528,8926],{"class":75},[61,99530,99531,99533,99535,99537],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99532,160],{"class":159},[61,99534,147],{"class":75},[61,99536,98582],{"class":143},[61,99538,153],{"class":75},[61,99540,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,99542,160],{"class":159},[61,99544,147],{"class":75},[61,99546,2072],{"class":2071},[61,99548,147],{"class":75},[61,99550,98582],{"class":143},[61,99552,1761],{"class":75},[20,99554,99555],{},[39,99556,1598],{},[52,99558,99560],{"className":54,"code":99559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99561,99562,99568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99563,99564,99566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99565,2098],{"class":2071},[61,99567,8926],{"class":75},[61,99569,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99571,3571],{"class":71},[61,99573,3574],{"class":2350},[61,99575,639],{"class":503},[61,99577,2098],{"class":507},[61,99579,630],{"class":503},[61,99581,3583],{"class":71},[887,99583,44708,99585],{"id":99584},"do-not-use",[15,99586,4072],{},[20,99588,99589,99590,99592],{},"Empty braces do ",[39,99591,4909],{}," create a set.",[52,99594,99596],{"className":54,"code":99595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99597,99598,99606,99616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99599,99600,99602,99604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99601,98507],{"class":67},[61,99603,72],{"class":71},[61,99605,10119],{"class":75},[61,99607,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99609,160],{"class":159},[61,99611,147],{"class":75},[61,99613,98524],{"class":143},[61,99615,153],{"class":75},[61,99617,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,99619,160],{"class":159},[61,99621,147],{"class":75},[61,99623,2072],{"class":2071},[61,99625,147],{"class":75},[61,99627,98524],{"class":143},[61,99629,1761],{"class":75},[20,99631,99632],{},[39,99633,1598],{},[52,99635,99637],{"className":54,"code":99636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99638,99639,99643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99640,99641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99642,9716],{"class":75},[61,99644,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99646,3571],{"class":71},[61,99648,3574],{"class":2350},[61,99650,639],{"class":503},[61,99652,9104],{"class":507},[61,99654,630],{"class":503},[61,99656,3583],{"class":71},[20,99658,99659,9071],{},[15,99660,4072],{},[47,99662,72545],{"id":72544},[20,99664,99665],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99667,99668],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[52,99670,99672],{"className":54,"code":99671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99673,99674,99722,99732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99675,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99677,1778],{"class":67},[61,99679,72],{"class":71},[61,99681,76],{"class":75},[61,99683,504],{"class":503},[61,99685,508],{"class":507},[61,99687,504],{"class":503},[61,99689,83],{"class":75},[61,99691,515],{"class":503},[61,99693,518],{"class":507},[61,99695,504],{"class":503},[61,99697,83],{"class":75},[61,99699,515],{"class":503},[61,99701,508],{"class":507},[61,99703,504],{"class":503},[61,99705,83],{"class":75},[61,99707,515],{"class":503},[61,99709,508],{"class":507},[61,99711,504],{"class":503},[61,99713,83],{"class":75},[61,99715,515],{"class":503},[61,99717,527],{"class":507},[61,99719,504],{"class":503},[61,99721,94],{"class":75},[61,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99725,160],{"class":159},[61,99727,147],{"class":75},[61,99729,4394],{"class":143},[61,99731,153],{"class":75},[61,99733,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,99735,160],{"class":159},[61,99737,147],{"class":75},[61,99739,11442],{"class":159},[61,99741,147],{"class":75},[61,99743,4394],{"class":143},[61,99745,1761],{"class":75},[20,99747,99748],{},[39,99749,617],{},[52,99751,99753],{"className":54,"code":99752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99754,99755,99783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99756,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99758,627],{"class":75},[61,99760,630],{"class":503},[61,99762,518],{"class":507},[61,99764,630],{"class":503},[61,99766,83],{"class":75},[61,99768,639],{"class":503},[61,99770,527],{"class":507},[61,99772,630],{"class":503},[61,99774,83],{"class":75},[61,99776,639],{"class":503},[61,99778,508],{"class":507},[61,99780,630],{"class":503},[61,99782,94],{"class":75},[61,99784,99785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99786,46897],{"class":79},[20,99788,99789],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[47,99791,99793],{"id":99792},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99795,99796,99797,99799],{},"Set items must be ",[39,99798,96647],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99801,99802],{},"These usually work:",[29,99804,99805,99807,99809,99811],{},[32,99806,56745],{},[32,99808,56748],{},[32,99810,96659],{},[32,99812,40873],{},[52,99814,99816],{"className":54,"code":99815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99817,99818,99852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99819,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99821,4103],{"class":67},[61,99823,72],{"class":71},[61,99825,76],{"class":75},[61,99827,80],{"class":79},[61,99829,83],{"class":75},[61,99831,515],{"class":503},[61,99833,508],{"class":507},[61,99835,504],{"class":503},[61,99837,83],{"class":75},[61,99839,1058],{"class":75},[61,99841,2613],{"class":79},[61,99843,83],{"class":75},[61,99845,8072],{"class":79},[61,99847,9517],{"class":75},[61,99849,4198],{"class":4133},[61,99851,94],{"class":75},[61,99853,99854,99856,99858,99860],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99855,160],{"class":159},[61,99857,147],{"class":75},[61,99859,5638],{"class":143},[61,99861,153],{"class":75},[20,99863,99864,99865,99867],{},"These do ",[39,99866,4909],{}," work directly:",[29,99869,99870,99872],{},[32,99871,97362],{},[32,99873,97365],{},[52,99875,99877],{"className":54,"code":99876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99878,99879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99880,99881,99884,99886,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99882,99883],{"class":67},"bad_set ",[61,99885,72],{"class":71},[61,99887,99888],{"class":75}," {[",[61,99890,80],{"class":79},[61,99892,83],{"class":75},[61,99894,86],{"class":79},[61,99896,83],{"class":75},[61,99898,91],{"class":79},[61,99900,1937],{"class":75},[20,99902,99903],{},"This raises an error:",[52,99905,99906],{"className":54,"code":97421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,99907,99908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99909,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99911,3285],{"class":2071},[61,99913,192],{"class":75},[61,99915,97432],{"class":67},[61,99917,2072],{"class":2071},[61,99919,192],{"class":75},[61,99921,639],{"class":503},[61,99923,8377],{"class":507},[61,99925,29976],{"class":503},[20,99927,52362],{},[52,99929,99931],{"className":54,"code":99930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99932,99933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99934,99935,99937,99939,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99936,99883],{"class":67},[61,99938,72],{"class":71},[61,99940,99941],{"class":75}," {{",[61,99943,504],{"class":503},[61,99945,7949],{"class":507},[61,99947,504],{"class":503},[61,99949,192],{"class":75},[61,99951,515],{"class":503},[61,99953,7958],{"class":507},[61,99955,504],{"class":503},[61,99957,99958],{"class":75},"}}\n",[20,99960,99961],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,99963,99965],{"id":99964},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[887,99967,99969],{"id":99968},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[52,99971,99973],{"className":54,"code":99972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99974,99975,99999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99976,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99978,900],{"class":67},[61,99980,72],{"class":71},[61,99982,76],{"class":75},[61,99984,80],{"class":79},[61,99986,83],{"class":75},[61,99988,86],{"class":79},[61,99990,83],{"class":75},[61,99992,91],{"class":79},[61,99994,83],{"class":75},[61,99996,112],{"class":79},[61,99998,94],{"class":75},[61,100000,100001,100003,100005,100007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100002,160],{"class":159},[61,100004,147],{"class":75},[61,100006,3929],{"class":143},[61,100008,153],{"class":75},[887,100010,100012],{"id":100011},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[52,100014,100016],{"className":54,"code":100015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100017,100018,100046,100061,100065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100021,8061],{"class":67},[61,100023,72],{"class":71},[61,100025,926],{"class":75},[61,100027,80],{"class":79},[61,100029,83],{"class":75},[61,100031,1720],{"class":79},[61,100033,83],{"class":75},[61,100035,86],{"class":79},[61,100037,83],{"class":75},[61,100039,91],{"class":79},[61,100041,83],{"class":75},[61,100043,91],{"class":79},[61,100045,943],{"class":75},[61,100047,100048,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100049,100050],{"class":67},"unique_items ",[61,100052,72],{"class":71},[61,100054,15913],{"class":2071},[61,100056,147],{"class":75},[61,100058,8092],{"class":143},[61,100060,153],{"class":75},[61,100062,100063],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,100064,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,100066,100067,100069,100071,100074],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,100068,160],{"class":159},[61,100070,147],{"class":75},[61,100072,100073],{"class":143},"unique_items",[61,100075,153],{"class":75},[887,100077,99423],{"id":100078},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[52,100080,100082],{"className":54,"code":100081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100083,100084,100102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100085,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100087,1028],{"class":67},[61,100089,72],{"class":71},[61,100091,15913],{"class":2071},[61,100093,147],{"class":75},[61,100095,504],{"class":503},[61,100097,518],{"class":507},[61,100099,504],{"class":503},[61,100101,153],{"class":75},[61,100103,100104,100106,100108,100110],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100105,160],{"class":159},[61,100107,147],{"class":75},[61,100109,36419],{"class":143},[61,100111,153],{"class":75},[887,100113,100115],{"id":100114},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[52,100117,100119],{"className":54,"code":100118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100120,100121,100131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100122,100123,100125,100127,100129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100124,98563],{"class":67},[61,100126,72],{"class":71},[61,100128,15913],{"class":2071},[61,100130,8926],{"class":75},[61,100132,100133,100135,100137,100139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100134,160],{"class":159},[61,100136,147],{"class":75},[61,100138,98582],{"class":143},[61,100140,153],{"class":75},[47,100142,3111],{"id":3110},[20,100144,100145],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[887,100147,716,100149,100151],{"id":100148},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100150,4072],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100153,100154],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[52,100156,100158],{"className":54,"code":100157,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100159,100160,100168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100161,100162,100164,100166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100163,2730],{"class":67},[61,100165,72],{"class":71},[61,100167,10119],{"class":75},[61,100169,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100171,160],{"class":159},[61,100173,147],{"class":75},[61,100175,2072],{"class":2071},[61,100177,147],{"class":75},[61,100179,2755],{"class":143},[61,100181,1761],{"class":75},[20,100183,100184],{},"This prints:",[52,100186,100187],{"className":54,"code":9091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,100188,100189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100190,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100192,3571],{"class":71},[61,100194,3574],{"class":2350},[61,100196,639],{"class":503},[61,100198,9104],{"class":507},[61,100200,630],{"class":503},[61,100202,3583],{"class":71},[20,100204,1503,100205,6910],{},[15,100206,4077],{},[887,100208,100210],{"id":100209},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100212,100213],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[52,100215,100217],{"className":54,"code":100216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100218,100219,100247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100220,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100222,900],{"class":67},[61,100224,72],{"class":71},[61,100226,76],{"class":75},[61,100228,80],{"class":79},[61,100230,83],{"class":75},[61,100232,1720],{"class":79},[61,100234,83],{"class":75},[61,100236,86],{"class":79},[61,100238,83],{"class":75},[61,100240,86],{"class":79},[61,100242,83],{"class":75},[61,100244,91],{"class":79},[61,100246,94],{"class":75},[61,100248,100249,100251,100253,100255],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100250,160],{"class":159},[61,100252,147],{"class":75},[61,100254,3929],{"class":143},[61,100256,153],{"class":75},[20,100258,100259],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[887,100261,100263],{"id":100262},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100265,100266],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100268,100269],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[52,100271,100273],{"className":54,"code":100272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100274,100275,100295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100276,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100278,900],{"class":67},[61,100280,72],{"class":71},[61,100282,76],{"class":75},[61,100284,2613],{"class":79},[61,100286,83],{"class":75},[61,100288,8072],{"class":79},[61,100290,83],{"class":75},[61,100292,8077],{"class":79},[61,100294,94],{"class":75},[61,100296,100297],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100298,100299],{"class":173},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100301,100302],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[887,100304,100306],{"id":100305},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100308,100309],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[52,100311,100313],{"className":54,"code":100312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100314,100315,100320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100316,100317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100318,100319],{"class":173},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[61,100321,100322],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100323,100324],{"class":173},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100326,100327,100328,140],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100329,3285],{},[887,100331,100333],{"id":100332},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100335,100336],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[52,100338,100340],{"className":54,"code":100339,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100341,100342,100362,100394,100398,100412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100343,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100345,1914],{"class":67},[61,100347,72],{"class":71},[61,100349,76],{"class":75},[61,100351,80],{"class":79},[61,100353,83],{"class":75},[61,100355,86],{"class":79},[61,100357,83],{"class":75},[61,100359,91],{"class":79},[61,100361,94],{"class":75},[61,100363,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100365,12004],{"class":67},[61,100367,72],{"class":71},[61,100369,76],{"class":75},[61,100371,504],{"class":503},[61,100373,214],{"class":507},[61,100375,504],{"class":503},[61,100377,192],{"class":75},[61,100379,1720],{"class":79},[61,100381,83],{"class":75},[61,100383,515],{"class":503},[61,100385,329],{"class":507},[61,100387,504],{"class":503},[61,100389,192],{"class":75},[61,100391,86],{"class":79},[61,100393,94],{"class":75},[61,100395,100396],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,100397,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,100399,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,100401,160],{"class":159},[61,100403,147],{"class":75},[61,100405,2072],{"class":2071},[61,100407,147],{"class":75},[61,100409,2060],{"class":143},[61,100411,1761],{"class":75},[61,100413,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,100415,160],{"class":159},[61,100417,147],{"class":75},[61,100419,2072],{"class":2071},[61,100421,147],{"class":75},[61,100423,11730],{"class":143},[61,100425,1761],{"class":75},[47,100427,93061],{"id":93060},[20,100429,100430],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[52,100432,100434],{"className":54,"code":100433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100435,100436,100462,100466,100480,100490,100504,100511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100437,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100439,1914],{"class":67},[61,100441,72],{"class":71},[61,100443,15913],{"class":2071},[61,100445,1878],{"class":75},[61,100447,80],{"class":79},[61,100449,83],{"class":75},[61,100451,86],{"class":79},[61,100453,83],{"class":75},[61,100455,86],{"class":79},[61,100457,83],{"class":75},[61,100459,91],{"class":79},[61,100461,1887],{"class":75},[61,100463,100464],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100465,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,100469,160],{"class":159},[61,100471,147],{"class":75},[61,100473,2072],{"class":2071},[61,100475,147],{"class":75},[61,100477,2060],{"class":143},[61,100479,1761],{"class":75},[61,100481,100482,100484,100486,100488],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,100483,160],{"class":159},[61,100485,147],{"class":75},[61,100487,2060],{"class":143},[61,100489,153],{"class":75},[61,100491,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,100493,160],{"class":159},[61,100495,147],{"class":75},[61,100497,11442],{"class":159},[61,100499,147],{"class":75},[61,100501,2060],{"class":143},[61,100503,1761],{"class":75},[61,100505,100506,100508],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,100507,160],{"class":159},[61,100509,100510],{"class":75},"({})\n",[61,100512,100513,100515,100517,100519],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,100514,160],{"class":159},[61,100516,147],{"class":75},[61,100518,2098],{"class":2071},[61,100520,7474],{"class":75},[20,100522,100523],{},"Use these to confirm:",[29,100525,100526,100529,100532,100535],{},[32,100527,100528],{},"The object type",[32,100530,100531],{},"The actual values stored",[32,100533,100534],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[32,100536,100537,100538,700,100540],{},"The difference between ",[15,100539,4072],{},[15,100541,4077],{},[47,100543,2109],{"id":2108},[887,100545,100547],{"id":100546},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100549,100550,100551,100554,100555,100557],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100552,100553],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100556,4077],{}," with another iterable.",[887,100559,100561],{"id":100560},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100563,1503,100564,100566,100567,100569],{},[15,100565,4077],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100568,4072],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[887,100571,100573],{"id":100572},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100575,100576],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[887,100578,100580],{"id":100579},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100582,100583],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[887,100585,100587],{"id":100586},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100589,100590],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[47,100592,2172],{"id":2171},[29,100594,100595,100599,100605,100611,100615],{},[32,100596,100597],{},[214,100598,217],{"href":216},[32,100600,100601],{},[214,100602,13,100603,1516],{"href":98773},[15,100604,96486],{},[32,100606,100607],{},[214,100608,13,100609,1516],{"href":1512},[15,100610,1515],{},[32,100612,100613],{},[214,100614,2202],{"href":2201},[32,100616,100617],{},[214,100618,100619],{"href":99063},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100621,100622],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2204,100624,100625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":100627},[100628,100629,100630,100631,100634,100640,100644,100645,100646,100652,100660,100661,100668],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":99035,"depth":97,"text":99036},{"id":99067,"depth":97,"text":99068,"children":100632},[100633],{"id":99136,"depth":122,"text":99137},{"id":99240,"depth":97,"text":100635,"children":100636},"Create a set with set()",[100637,100638,100639],{"id":99265,"depth":122,"text":99266},{"id":99352,"depth":122,"text":99353},{"id":99422,"depth":122,"text":99423},{"id":99507,"depth":97,"text":99508,"children":100641},[100642],{"id":99584,"depth":122,"text":100643},"Do not use {}",{"id":72544,"depth":97,"text":72545},{"id":99792,"depth":97,"text":99793},{"id":99964,"depth":97,"text":99965,"children":100647},[100648,100649,100650,100651],{"id":99968,"depth":122,"text":99969},{"id":100011,"depth":122,"text":100012},{"id":100078,"depth":122,"text":99423},{"id":100114,"depth":122,"text":100115},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":100653},[100654,100656,100657,100658,100659],{"id":100148,"depth":122,"text":100655},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100209,"depth":122,"text":100210},{"id":100262,"depth":122,"text":100263},{"id":100305,"depth":122,"text":100306},{"id":100332,"depth":122,"text":100333},{"id":93060,"depth":97,"text":93061},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":100662},[100663,100664,100665,100666,100667],{"id":100546,"depth":122,"text":100547},{"id":100560,"depth":122,"text":100561},{"id":100572,"depth":122,"text":100573},{"id":100579,"depth":122,"text":100580},{"id":100586,"depth":122,"text":100587},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98838,"description":100669},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100675,"title":100676,"body":100677,"description":103096,"extension":2249,"meta":103097,"navigation":125,"path":103098,"seo":103099,"stem":103100,"__hash__":103101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100678,"toc":103061},[100679,100685,100690,100693,100695,100772,100774,100790,100800,100802,100807,100815,100817,100833,100837,100839,100841,100844,100863,100866,100889,100895,100897,100994,100996,101013,101023,101025,101027,101033,101035,101046,101048,101139,101141,101165,101176,101178,101180,101183,101313,101315,101388,101390,101411,101414,101416,101421,101426,101429,101556,101558,101575,101578,101580,101588,101591,101595,101603,101694,101696,101733,101738,101745,101822,101824,101840,101845,101850,101852,101861,101869,101950,101952,101981,101984,101988,101999,102002,102085,102087,102108,102114,102116,102118,102122,102126,102133,102198,102200,102220,102223,102292,102294,102310,102314,102320,102332,102340,102342,102427,102429,102458,102461,102465,102470,102472,102522,102525,102606,102608,102624,102628,102631,102706,102709,102713,102716,102793,102795,102828,102834,102838,102841,102976,102978,102992,102994,102996,103001,103003,103010,103018,103024,103027,103031,103034,103036,103038,103058],[10,100680,96478,100682,18],{"id":100681},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100683,100684],{},"difference()",[20,100686,100687,100689],{},[15,100688,2043],{}," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100691,100692],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[47,100694,3890],{"id":3889},[52,100696,100698],{"className":54,"code":100697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100699,100700,100724,100744,100762],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100701,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100703,37],{"class":67},[61,100705,72],{"class":71},[61,100707,76],{"class":75},[61,100709,80],{"class":79},[61,100711,83],{"class":75},[61,100713,86],{"class":79},[61,100715,83],{"class":75},[61,100717,91],{"class":79},[61,100719,83],{"class":75},[61,100721,112],{"class":79},[61,100723,94],{"class":75},[61,100725,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100727,294],{"class":67},[61,100729,72],{"class":71},[61,100731,76],{"class":75},[61,100733,107],{"class":79},[61,100735,83],{"class":75},[61,100737,112],{"class":79},[61,100739,83],{"class":75},[61,100741,117],{"class":79},[61,100743,94],{"class":75},[61,100745,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,100747,132],{"class":67},[61,100749,72],{"class":71},[61,100751,320],{"class":67},[61,100753,140],{"class":75},[61,100755,3092],{"class":143},[61,100757,147],{"class":75},[61,100759,329],{"class":143},[61,100761,153],{"class":75},[61,100763,100764,100766,100768,100770],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,100765,160],{"class":159},[61,100767,147],{"class":75},[61,100769,165],{"class":143},[61,100771,153],{"class":75},[20,100773,1598],{},[52,100775,100776],{"className":54,"code":1601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,100777,100778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100779,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100781,627],{"class":75},[61,100783,80],{"class":79},[61,100785,83],{"class":75},[61,100787,86],{"class":79},[61,100789,94],{"class":75},[20,100791,100792,100794,100795,100797,100798,140],{},[15,100793,100684],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100796,214],{}," that are not in ",[15,100799,329],{},[45196,100801],{},[47,100803,184,100805,187],{"id":100804},"what-difference-does",[15,100806,100684],{},[20,100808,2266,100809,100811,100812,100814],{},[15,100810,100684],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[39,100813,4909],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100816,254],{},[29,100818,100819,100824,100827,100830],{},[32,100820,100821,100823],{},[15,100822,100684],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[32,100825,100826],{},"It creates a new set",[32,100828,100829],{},"It does not change the original set",[32,100831,100832],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100834,212,100835,140],{},[214,100836,217],{"href":216},[45196,100838],{},[47,100840,221],{"id":220},[20,100842,100843],{},"Use this form:",[52,100845,100847],{"className":54,"code":100846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100848,100849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100850,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100852,231],{"class":67},[61,100854,140],{"class":75},[61,100856,3092],{"class":143},[61,100858,147],{"class":75},[61,100860,150],{"class":143},[61,100862,153],{"class":75},[20,100864,100865],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[52,100867,100869],{"className":54,"code":100868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100870,100871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100872,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100874,231],{"class":67},[61,100876,140],{"class":75},[61,100878,3092],{"class":143},[61,100880,147],{"class":75},[61,100882,150],{"class":143},[61,100884,83],{"class":75},[61,100886,244],{"class":143},[61,100888,153],{"class":75},[20,100890,100891,100892,100894],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[39,100893,5633],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100896,368],{},[52,100898,100900],{"className":54,"code":100899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100901,100902,100930,100946,100958,100962,100984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100903,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100905,37],{"class":67},[61,100907,72],{"class":71},[61,100909,76],{"class":75},[61,100911,80],{"class":79},[61,100913,83],{"class":75},[61,100915,86],{"class":79},[61,100917,83],{"class":75},[61,100919,91],{"class":79},[61,100921,83],{"class":75},[61,100923,112],{"class":79},[61,100925,83],{"class":75},[61,100927,117],{"class":79},[61,100929,94],{"class":75},[61,100931,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100933,294],{"class":67},[61,100935,72],{"class":71},[61,100937,76],{"class":75},[61,100939,301],{"class":79},[61,100941,83],{"class":75},[61,100943,91],{"class":79},[61,100945,94],{"class":75},[61,100947,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,100949,83461],{"class":67},[61,100951,72],{"class":71},[61,100953,76],{"class":75},[61,100955,1013],{"class":79},[61,100957,94],{"class":75},[61,100959,100960],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,100961,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,100963,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,100965,132],{"class":67},[61,100967,72],{"class":71},[61,100969,320],{"class":67},[61,100971,140],{"class":75},[61,100973,3092],{"class":143},[61,100975,147],{"class":75},[61,100977,329],{"class":143},[61,100979,83],{"class":75},[61,100981,9963],{"class":143},[61,100983,153],{"class":75},[61,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,100987,160],{"class":159},[61,100989,147],{"class":75},[61,100991,165],{"class":143},[61,100993,153],{"class":75},[20,100995,1598],{},[52,100997,100999],{"className":54,"code":100998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101000,101001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101002,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101004,627],{"class":75},[61,101006,80],{"class":79},[61,101008,83],{"class":75},[61,101010,112],{"class":79},[61,101012,94],{"class":75},[20,101014,101015,101016,101018,101019,3159,101021,140],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101017,214],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101020,329],{},[15,101022,1071],{},[45196,101024],{},[47,101026,17698],{"id":17697},[20,101028,101029,350,101031,140],{},[15,101030,100684],{},[39,101032,41],{},[20,101034,43929],{},[29,101036,101037,101040,101043],{},[32,101038,101039],{},"The return value is a new set",[32,101041,101042],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[32,101044,101045],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101047,368],{},[52,101049,101051],{"className":54,"code":101050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101052,101053,101069,101089,101093,101111,101115,101125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101056,37],{"class":67},[61,101058,72],{"class":71},[61,101060,76],{"class":75},[61,101062,80],{"class":79},[61,101064,83],{"class":75},[61,101066,86],{"class":79},[61,101068,94],{"class":75},[61,101070,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101072,294],{"class":67},[61,101074,72],{"class":71},[61,101076,76],{"class":75},[61,101078,80],{"class":79},[61,101080,83],{"class":75},[61,101082,86],{"class":79},[61,101084,83],{"class":75},[61,101086,91],{"class":79},[61,101088,94],{"class":75},[61,101090,101091],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101092,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101096,132],{"class":67},[61,101098,72],{"class":71},[61,101100,320],{"class":67},[61,101102,140],{"class":75},[61,101104,3092],{"class":143},[61,101106,147],{"class":75},[61,101108,329],{"class":143},[61,101110,153],{"class":75},[61,101112,101113],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101114,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101116,101117,101119,101121,101123],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,101118,160],{"class":159},[61,101120,147],{"class":75},[61,101122,165],{"class":143},[61,101124,153],{"class":75},[61,101126,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,101128,160],{"class":159},[61,101130,147],{"class":75},[61,101132,2072],{"class":2071},[61,101134,147],{"class":75},[61,101136,165],{"class":143},[61,101138,1761],{"class":75},[20,101140,1598],{},[52,101142,101143],{"className":54,"code":99559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,101144,101145,101151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101146,101147,101149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101148,2098],{"class":2071},[61,101150,8926],{"class":75},[61,101152,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101154,3571],{"class":71},[61,101156,3574],{"class":2350},[61,101158,639],{"class":503},[61,101160,2098],{"class":507},[61,101162,630],{"class":503},[61,101164,3583],{"class":71},[20,101166,101167,101168,19242,101170,101172,101173,101175],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101169,4077],{},[15,101171,4072],{},". In Python, ",[15,101174,4072],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45196,101177],{},[47,101179,483],{"id":482},[20,101181,101182],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[52,101184,101186],{"className":54,"code":101185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101187,101188,101221,101254,101258,101278,101282,101292,101303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101189,101190,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101191,101192],{"class":67},"fruits_a ",[61,101194,72],{"class":71},[61,101196,76],{"class":75},[61,101198,504],{"class":503},[61,101200,508],{"class":507},[61,101202,504],{"class":503},[61,101204,83],{"class":75},[61,101206,515],{"class":503},[61,101208,518],{"class":507},[61,101210,504],{"class":503},[61,101212,83],{"class":75},[61,101214,515],{"class":503},[61,101216,527],{"class":507},[61,101218,504],{"class":503},[61,101220,94],{"class":75},[61,101222,101223,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101224,101225],{"class":67},"fruits_b ",[61,101227,72],{"class":71},[61,101229,76],{"class":75},[61,101231,504],{"class":503},[61,101233,518],{"class":507},[61,101235,504],{"class":503},[61,101237,83],{"class":75},[61,101239,515],{"class":503},[61,101241,527],{"class":507},[61,101243,504],{"class":503},[61,101245,83],{"class":75},[61,101247,515],{"class":503},[61,101249,553],{"class":507},[61,101251,504],{"class":503},[61,101253,94],{"class":75},[61,101255,101256],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101257,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101259,101260,101262,101264,101267,101269,101271,101273,101276],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101261,132],{"class":67},[61,101263,72],{"class":71},[61,101265,101266],{"class":67}," fruits_a",[61,101268,140],{"class":75},[61,101270,3092],{"class":143},[61,101272,147],{"class":75},[61,101274,101275],{"class":143},"fruits_b",[61,101277,153],{"class":75},[61,101279,101280],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101281,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101283,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,101285,160],{"class":159},[61,101287,147],{"class":75},[61,101289,165],{"class":143},[61,101291,153],{"class":75},[61,101293,101294,101296,101298,101301],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,101295,160],{"class":159},[61,101297,147],{"class":75},[61,101299,101300],{"class":143},"fruits_a",[61,101302,153],{"class":75},[61,101304,101305,101307,101309,101311],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,101306,160],{"class":159},[61,101308,147],{"class":75},[61,101310,101275],{"class":143},[61,101312,153],{"class":75},[20,101314,617],{},[52,101316,101318],{"className":54,"code":101317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101319,101320,101332,101360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101323,627],{"class":75},[61,101325,630],{"class":503},[61,101327,508],{"class":507},[61,101329,630],{"class":503},[61,101331,94],{"class":75},[61,101333,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101335,627],{"class":75},[61,101337,630],{"class":503},[61,101339,518],{"class":507},[61,101341,630],{"class":503},[61,101343,83],{"class":75},[61,101345,639],{"class":503},[61,101347,527],{"class":507},[61,101349,630],{"class":503},[61,101351,83],{"class":75},[61,101353,639],{"class":503},[61,101355,508],{"class":507},[61,101357,630],{"class":503},[61,101359,94],{"class":75},[61,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101363,627],{"class":75},[61,101365,630],{"class":503},[61,101367,518],{"class":507},[61,101369,630],{"class":503},[61,101371,83],{"class":75},[61,101373,639],{"class":503},[61,101375,527],{"class":507},[61,101377,630],{"class":503},[61,101379,83],{"class":75},[61,101381,639],{"class":503},[61,101383,553],{"class":507},[61,101385,630],{"class":503},[61,101387,94],{"class":75},[20,101389,11963],{},[29,101391,101392,101397,101402,101408],{},[32,101393,101394,101395],{},"Start with ",[15,101396,101300],{},[32,101398,101399,101400],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101401,101275],{},[32,101403,101404,101405,101407],{},"Only ",[15,101406,58116],{}," remains",[32,101409,101410],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101412,101413],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45196,101415],{},[47,101417,716,101419,719],{"id":101418},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101420,100684],{},[20,101422,101423,101424,140],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101425,100684],{},[20,101427,101428],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[52,101430,101432],{"className":54,"code":101431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101433,101434,101466,101483,101496,101513,101517,101546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101437,900],{"class":67},[61,101439,72],{"class":71},[61,101441,76],{"class":75},[61,101443,80],{"class":79},[61,101445,83],{"class":75},[61,101447,86],{"class":79},[61,101449,83],{"class":75},[61,101451,91],{"class":79},[61,101453,83],{"class":75},[61,101455,112],{"class":79},[61,101457,83],{"class":75},[61,101459,117],{"class":79},[61,101461,83],{"class":75},[61,101463,37920],{"class":79},[61,101465,94],{"class":75},[61,101467,101468,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101469,101470],{"class":67},"group_a ",[61,101472,72],{"class":71},[61,101474,76],{"class":75},[61,101476,301],{"class":79},[61,101478,83],{"class":75},[61,101480,112],{"class":79},[61,101482,94],{"class":75},[61,101484,101485,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101486,101487],{"class":67},"group_b ",[61,101489,72],{"class":71},[61,101491,76],{"class":75},[61,101493,1013],{"class":79},[61,101495,94],{"class":75},[61,101497,101498,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101499,101500],{"class":67},"group_c ",[61,101502,72],{"class":71},[61,101504,76],{"class":75},[61,101506,80870],{"class":79},[61,101508,83],{"class":75},[61,101510,6274],{"class":79},[61,101512,94],{"class":75},[61,101514,101515],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101516,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101518,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101534,101536,101539,101541,101544],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,101520,132],{"class":67},[61,101522,72],{"class":71},[61,101524,956],{"class":67},[61,101526,140],{"class":75},[61,101528,3092],{"class":143},[61,101530,147],{"class":75},[61,101532,101533],{"class":143},"group_a",[61,101535,83],{"class":75},[61,101537,101538],{"class":143}," group_b",[61,101540,83],{"class":75},[61,101542,101543],{"class":143}," group_c",[61,101545,153],{"class":75},[61,101547,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,101549,160],{"class":159},[61,101551,147],{"class":75},[61,101553,165],{"class":143},[61,101555,153],{"class":75},[20,101557,1598],{},[52,101559,101561],{"className":54,"code":101560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101562,101563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101564,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101566,627],{"class":75},[61,101568,80],{"class":79},[61,101570,83],{"class":75},[61,101572,91],{"class":79},[61,101574,94],{"class":75},[20,101576,101577],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45196,101579],{},[47,101581,101583,1310,101585],{"id":101582},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101584,100684],{},[15,101586,101587],{},"difference_update()",[20,101589,101590],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[887,101592,101593],{"id":3092},[15,101594,100684],{},[29,101596,101597,101600],{},[32,101598,101599],{},"Returns a new set",[32,101601,101602],{},"Does not change the original set",[52,101604,101606],{"className":54,"code":101605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101607,101608,101632,101648,101652,101670,101674,101684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101609,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101611,37],{"class":67},[61,101613,72],{"class":71},[61,101615,76],{"class":75},[61,101617,80],{"class":79},[61,101619,83],{"class":75},[61,101621,86],{"class":79},[61,101623,83],{"class":75},[61,101625,91],{"class":79},[61,101627,83],{"class":75},[61,101629,112],{"class":79},[61,101631,94],{"class":75},[61,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101635,294],{"class":67},[61,101637,72],{"class":71},[61,101639,76],{"class":75},[61,101641,107],{"class":79},[61,101643,83],{"class":75},[61,101645,112],{"class":79},[61,101647,94],{"class":75},[61,101649,101650],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101651,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101655,132],{"class":67},[61,101657,72],{"class":71},[61,101659,320],{"class":67},[61,101661,140],{"class":75},[61,101663,3092],{"class":143},[61,101665,147],{"class":75},[61,101667,329],{"class":143},[61,101669,153],{"class":75},[61,101671,101672],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101673,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,101677,160],{"class":159},[61,101679,147],{"class":75},[61,101681,165],{"class":143},[61,101683,153],{"class":75},[61,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,101687,160],{"class":159},[61,101689,147],{"class":75},[61,101691,214],{"class":143},[61,101693,153],{"class":75},[20,101695,1598],{},[52,101697,101699],{"className":54,"code":101698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101700,101701,101713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101702,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101704,627],{"class":75},[61,101706,80],{"class":79},[61,101708,83],{"class":75},[61,101710,86],{"class":79},[61,101712,94],{"class":75},[61,101714,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101716,627],{"class":75},[61,101718,80],{"class":79},[61,101720,83],{"class":75},[61,101722,86],{"class":79},[61,101724,83],{"class":75},[61,101726,91],{"class":79},[61,101728,83],{"class":75},[61,101730,112],{"class":79},[61,101732,94],{"class":75},[887,101734,101736],{"id":101735},"difference_update",[15,101737,101587],{},[29,101739,101740,101743],{},[32,101741,101742],{},"Changes the original set",[32,101744,96596],{},[52,101746,101748],{"className":54,"code":101747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101749,101750,101774,101790,101794,101808,101812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101753,37],{"class":67},[61,101755,72],{"class":71},[61,101757,76],{"class":75},[61,101759,80],{"class":79},[61,101761,83],{"class":75},[61,101763,86],{"class":79},[61,101765,83],{"class":75},[61,101767,91],{"class":79},[61,101769,83],{"class":75},[61,101771,112],{"class":79},[61,101773,94],{"class":75},[61,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101777,294],{"class":67},[61,101779,72],{"class":71},[61,101781,76],{"class":75},[61,101783,107],{"class":79},[61,101785,83],{"class":75},[61,101787,112],{"class":79},[61,101789,94],{"class":75},[61,101791,101792],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101793,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101795,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101797,214],{"class":67},[61,101799,140],{"class":75},[61,101801,101735],{"class":143},[61,101803,147],{"class":75},[61,101805,329],{"class":143},[61,101807,153],{"class":75},[61,101809,101810],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101811,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101813,101814,101816,101818,101820],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,101815,160],{"class":159},[61,101817,147],{"class":75},[61,101819,214],{"class":143},[61,101821,153],{"class":75},[20,101823,1598],{},[52,101825,101826],{"className":54,"code":1601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,101827,101828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101831,627],{"class":75},[61,101833,80],{"class":79},[61,101835,83],{"class":75},[61,101837,86],{"class":79},[61,101839,94],{"class":75},[20,101841,1503,101842,101844],{},[15,101843,100684],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101846,101847,101848,33875],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101849,101587],{},[45196,101851],{},[47,101853,101855,101857,101858,101860],{"id":101854},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101856,100684],{}," vs the ",[15,101859,2308],{}," operator",[20,101862,2266,101863,101865,101866,101868],{},[15,101864,2308],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101867,100684],{}," for two sets.",[52,101870,101872],{"className":54,"code":101871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101873,101874,101898,101914,101918,101936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101875,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101877,37],{"class":67},[61,101879,72],{"class":71},[61,101881,76],{"class":75},[61,101883,80],{"class":79},[61,101885,83],{"class":75},[61,101887,86],{"class":79},[61,101889,83],{"class":75},[61,101891,91],{"class":79},[61,101893,83],{"class":75},[61,101895,112],{"class":79},[61,101897,94],{"class":75},[61,101899,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101901,294],{"class":67},[61,101903,72],{"class":71},[61,101905,76],{"class":75},[61,101907,107],{"class":79},[61,101909,83],{"class":75},[61,101911,112],{"class":79},[61,101913,94],{"class":75},[61,101915,101916],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,101917,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,101919,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,101921,160],{"class":159},[61,101923,147],{"class":75},[61,101925,214],{"class":143},[61,101927,140],{"class":75},[61,101929,3092],{"class":143},[61,101931,147],{"class":75},[61,101933,329],{"class":143},[61,101935,1761],{"class":75},[61,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,101939,160],{"class":159},[61,101941,147],{"class":75},[61,101943,37],{"class":143},[61,101945,2308],{"class":71},[61,101947,2840],{"class":143},[61,101949,153],{"class":75},[20,101951,1598],{},[52,101953,101955],{"className":54,"code":101954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101956,101957,101969],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101958,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101960,627],{"class":75},[61,101962,80],{"class":79},[61,101964,83],{"class":75},[61,101966,86],{"class":79},[61,101968,94],{"class":75},[61,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101972,627],{"class":75},[61,101974,80],{"class":79},[61,101976,83],{"class":75},[61,101978,86],{"class":79},[61,101980,94],{"class":75},[20,101982,101983],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101985,94866,101986,2159],{},[15,101987,100684],{},[29,101989,101990,101993,101996],{},[32,101991,101992],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[32,101994,101995],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[32,101997,101998],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102000,102001],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[52,102003,102005],{"className":54,"code":102004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102006,102007,102035,102047,102059,102063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102008,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102010,37],{"class":67},[61,102012,72],{"class":71},[61,102014,76],{"class":75},[61,102016,80],{"class":79},[61,102018,83],{"class":75},[61,102020,86],{"class":79},[61,102022,83],{"class":75},[61,102024,91],{"class":79},[61,102026,83],{"class":75},[61,102028,112],{"class":79},[61,102030,83],{"class":75},[61,102032,117],{"class":79},[61,102034,94],{"class":75},[61,102036,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102038,294],{"class":67},[61,102040,72],{"class":71},[61,102042,76],{"class":75},[61,102044,301],{"class":79},[61,102046,94],{"class":75},[61,102048,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102050,83461],{"class":67},[61,102052,72],{"class":71},[61,102054,76],{"class":75},[61,102056,788],{"class":79},[61,102058,94],{"class":75},[61,102060,102061],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102062,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102064,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102066,160],{"class":159},[61,102068,147],{"class":75},[61,102070,214],{"class":143},[61,102072,140],{"class":75},[61,102074,3092],{"class":143},[61,102076,147],{"class":75},[61,102078,329],{"class":143},[61,102080,83],{"class":75},[61,102082,9963],{"class":143},[61,102084,1761],{"class":75},[20,102086,1598],{},[52,102088,102090],{"className":54,"code":102089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102091,102092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102095,627],{"class":75},[61,102097,80],{"class":79},[61,102099,83],{"class":75},[61,102101,91],{"class":79},[61,102103,83],{"class":75},[61,102105,117],{"class":79},[61,102107,94],{"class":75},[20,102109,102110,102111,102113],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102112,2308],{}," operator expression.",[45196,102115],{},[47,102117,1520],{"id":1519},[20,102119,21490,102120,140],{},[15,102121,100684],{},[887,102123,102125],{"id":102124},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102127,4906,102128,102130,102131,192],{},[39,102129,4909],{}," change ",[15,102132,214],{},[52,102134,102136],{"className":54,"code":102135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102137,102138,102158,102170,102174,102188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102139,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102141,37],{"class":67},[61,102143,72],{"class":71},[61,102145,76],{"class":75},[61,102147,80],{"class":79},[61,102149,83],{"class":75},[61,102151,86],{"class":79},[61,102153,83],{"class":75},[61,102155,91],{"class":79},[61,102157,94],{"class":75},[61,102159,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102161,294],{"class":67},[61,102163,72],{"class":71},[61,102165,76],{"class":75},[61,102167,107],{"class":79},[61,102169,94],{"class":75},[61,102171,102172],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102173,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102175,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102177,214],{"class":67},[61,102179,140],{"class":75},[61,102181,3092],{"class":143},[61,102183,147],{"class":75},[61,102185,329],{"class":143},[61,102187,153],{"class":75},[61,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102191,160],{"class":159},[61,102193,147],{"class":75},[61,102195,214],{"class":143},[61,102197,153],{"class":75},[20,102199,1598],{},[52,102201,102202],{"className":54,"code":96883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,102203,102204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102205,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102207,627],{"class":75},[61,102209,80],{"class":79},[61,102211,83],{"class":75},[61,102213,86],{"class":79},[61,102215,83],{"class":75},[61,102217,91],{"class":79},[61,102219,94],{"class":75},[20,102221,102222],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[52,102224,102226],{"className":54,"code":102225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102227,102228,102248,102260,102264,102282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102231,37],{"class":67},[61,102233,72],{"class":71},[61,102235,76],{"class":75},[61,102237,80],{"class":79},[61,102239,83],{"class":75},[61,102241,86],{"class":79},[61,102243,83],{"class":75},[61,102245,91],{"class":79},[61,102247,94],{"class":75},[61,102249,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102251,294],{"class":67},[61,102253,72],{"class":71},[61,102255,76],{"class":75},[61,102257,107],{"class":79},[61,102259,94],{"class":75},[61,102261,102262],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102263,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102265,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102267,37],{"class":67},[61,102269,72],{"class":71},[61,102271,320],{"class":67},[61,102273,140],{"class":75},[61,102275,3092],{"class":143},[61,102277,147],{"class":75},[61,102279,329],{"class":143},[61,102281,153],{"class":75},[61,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102285,160],{"class":159},[61,102287,147],{"class":75},[61,102289,214],{"class":143},[61,102291,153],{"class":75},[20,102293,1598],{},[52,102295,102296],{"className":54,"code":1601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,102297,102298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102299,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102301,627],{"class":75},[61,102303,80],{"class":79},[61,102305,83],{"class":75},[61,102307,86],{"class":79},[61,102309,94],{"class":75},[887,102311,102313],{"id":102312},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102315,102316,102319],{},[15,102317,102318],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[29,102321,102322,102327],{},[32,102323,102324,102325],{},"keep items from ",[15,102326,214],{},[32,102328,102329,102330],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102331,329],{},[20,102333,41184,102334,102336,102337,102339],{},[39,102335,4909],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102338,329],{},"”.",[20,102341,368],{},[52,102343,102345],{"className":54,"code":102344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102346,102347,102367,102387,102391,102409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102348,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102350,37],{"class":67},[61,102352,72],{"class":71},[61,102354,76],{"class":75},[61,102356,80],{"class":79},[61,102358,83],{"class":75},[61,102360,86],{"class":79},[61,102362,83],{"class":75},[61,102364,91],{"class":79},[61,102366,94],{"class":75},[61,102368,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102370,294],{"class":67},[61,102372,72],{"class":71},[61,102374,76],{"class":75},[61,102376,107],{"class":79},[61,102378,83],{"class":75},[61,102380,112],{"class":79},[61,102382,83],{"class":75},[61,102384,117],{"class":79},[61,102386,94],{"class":75},[61,102388,102389],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102390,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102392,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102394,160],{"class":159},[61,102396,147],{"class":75},[61,102398,214],{"class":143},[61,102400,140],{"class":75},[61,102402,3092],{"class":143},[61,102404,147],{"class":75},[61,102406,329],{"class":143},[61,102408,1761],{"class":75},[61,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102412,160],{"class":159},[61,102414,147],{"class":75},[61,102416,329],{"class":143},[61,102418,140],{"class":75},[61,102420,3092],{"class":143},[61,102422,147],{"class":75},[61,102424,214],{"class":143},[61,102426,1761],{"class":75},[20,102428,1598],{},[52,102430,102432],{"className":54,"code":102431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102433,102434,102446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102435,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102437,627],{"class":75},[61,102439,80],{"class":79},[61,102441,83],{"class":75},[61,102443,86],{"class":79},[61,102445,94],{"class":75},[61,102447,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102449,627],{"class":75},[61,102451,788],{"class":79},[61,102453,83],{"class":75},[61,102455,117],{"class":79},[61,102457,94],{"class":75},[20,102459,102460],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[887,102462,102464],{"id":102463},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102466,102467,102469],{},[15,102468,100684],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102471,55602],{},[52,102473,102475],{"className":54,"code":102474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102476,102477,102497,102513,102517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102478,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102480,37],{"class":67},[61,102482,72],{"class":71},[61,102484,926],{"class":75},[61,102486,80],{"class":79},[61,102488,83],{"class":75},[61,102490,86],{"class":79},[61,102492,83],{"class":75},[61,102494,91],{"class":79},[61,102496,943],{"class":75},[61,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102500,294],{"class":67},[61,102502,72],{"class":71},[61,102504,926],{"class":75},[61,102506,107],{"class":79},[61,102508,83],{"class":75},[61,102510,112],{"class":79},[61,102512,943],{"class":75},[61,102514,102515],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102516,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102518,102519],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102520,102521],{"class":173},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102523,102524],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[52,102526,102528],{"className":54,"code":102527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102529,102530,102550,102566,102570,102596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102533,37],{"class":67},[61,102535,72],{"class":71},[61,102537,926],{"class":75},[61,102539,80],{"class":79},[61,102541,83],{"class":75},[61,102543,86],{"class":79},[61,102545,83],{"class":75},[61,102547,91],{"class":79},[61,102549,943],{"class":75},[61,102551,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102553,294],{"class":67},[61,102555,72],{"class":71},[61,102557,926],{"class":75},[61,102559,107],{"class":79},[61,102561,83],{"class":75},[61,102563,112],{"class":79},[61,102565,943],{"class":75},[61,102567,102568],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102569,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102573,132],{"class":67},[61,102575,72],{"class":71},[61,102577,15913],{"class":2071},[61,102579,147],{"class":75},[61,102581,214],{"class":143},[61,102583,8914],{"class":75},[61,102585,3092],{"class":143},[61,102587,147],{"class":75},[61,102589,2098],{"class":2071},[61,102591,147],{"class":75},[61,102593,329],{"class":143},[61,102595,1761],{"class":75},[61,102597,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102599,160],{"class":159},[61,102601,147],{"class":75},[61,102603,165],{"class":143},[61,102605,153],{"class":75},[20,102607,1598],{},[52,102609,102610],{"className":54,"code":1601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,102611,102612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102613,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102615,627],{"class":75},[61,102617,80],{"class":79},[61,102619,83],{"class":75},[61,102621,86],{"class":79},[61,102623,94],{"class":75},[887,102625,102627],{"id":102626},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102629,102630],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[52,102632,102634],{"className":54,"code":102633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102635,102636,102668,102684,102688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102637,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102639,37],{"class":67},[61,102641,72],{"class":71},[61,102643,76],{"class":75},[61,102645,504],{"class":503},[61,102647,1218],{"class":507},[61,102649,504],{"class":503},[61,102651,83],{"class":75},[61,102653,515],{"class":503},[61,102655,1787],{"class":507},[61,102657,504],{"class":503},[61,102659,83],{"class":75},[61,102661,515],{"class":503},[61,102663,58426],{"class":507},[61,102665,504],{"class":503},[61,102667,94],{"class":75},[61,102669,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102671,294],{"class":67},[61,102673,72],{"class":71},[61,102675,76],{"class":75},[61,102677,504],{"class":503},[61,102679,1787],{"class":507},[61,102681,504],{"class":503},[61,102683,94],{"class":75},[61,102685,102686],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102687,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102689,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102691,160],{"class":159},[61,102693,147],{"class":75},[61,102695,214],{"class":143},[61,102697,140],{"class":75},[61,102699,3092],{"class":143},[61,102701,147],{"class":75},[61,102703,329],{"class":143},[61,102705,1761],{"class":75},[20,102707,102708],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[887,102710,102712],{"id":102711},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102714,102715],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,102717,102719],{"className":54,"code":102718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102720,102721,102749,102761,102765,102775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102722,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102724,37],{"class":67},[61,102726,72],{"class":71},[61,102728,76],{"class":75},[61,102730,80],{"class":79},[61,102732,83],{"class":75},[61,102734,1720],{"class":79},[61,102736,83],{"class":75},[61,102738,86],{"class":79},[61,102740,83],{"class":75},[61,102742,86],{"class":79},[61,102744,83],{"class":75},[61,102746,91],{"class":79},[61,102748,94],{"class":75},[61,102750,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102752,294],{"class":67},[61,102754,72],{"class":71},[61,102756,76],{"class":75},[61,102758,107],{"class":79},[61,102760,94],{"class":75},[61,102762,102763],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102764,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102766,102767,102769,102771,102773],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102768,160],{"class":159},[61,102770,147],{"class":75},[61,102772,214],{"class":143},[61,102774,153],{"class":75},[61,102776,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102778,160],{"class":159},[61,102780,147],{"class":75},[61,102782,214],{"class":143},[61,102784,140],{"class":75},[61,102786,3092],{"class":143},[61,102788,147],{"class":75},[61,102790,329],{"class":143},[61,102792,1761],{"class":75},[20,102794,1598],{},[52,102796,102798],{"className":54,"code":102797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102799,102800,102816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102801,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102803,627],{"class":75},[61,102805,80],{"class":79},[61,102807,83],{"class":75},[61,102809,86],{"class":79},[61,102811,83],{"class":75},[61,102813,91],{"class":79},[61,102815,94],{"class":75},[61,102817,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102819,627],{"class":75},[61,102821,80],{"class":79},[61,102823,83],{"class":75},[61,102825,86],{"class":79},[61,102827,94],{"class":75},[20,102829,102830,102831,102833],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102832,100684],{}," runs.",[887,102835,102837],{"id":102836},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102839,102840],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[52,102842,102844],{"className":54,"code":102843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102845,102846,102870,102890,102894,102904,102914,102932,102954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102847,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102849,37],{"class":67},[61,102851,72],{"class":71},[61,102853,76],{"class":75},[61,102855,80],{"class":79},[61,102857,83],{"class":75},[61,102859,86],{"class":79},[61,102861,83],{"class":75},[61,102863,91],{"class":79},[61,102865,83],{"class":75},[61,102867,112],{"class":79},[61,102869,94],{"class":75},[61,102871,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102873,294],{"class":67},[61,102875,72],{"class":71},[61,102877,76],{"class":75},[61,102879,107],{"class":79},[61,102881,83],{"class":75},[61,102883,112],{"class":79},[61,102885,83],{"class":75},[61,102887,117],{"class":79},[61,102889,94],{"class":75},[61,102891,102892],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,102893,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,102895,102896,102898,102900,102902],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,102897,160],{"class":159},[61,102899,147],{"class":75},[61,102901,214],{"class":143},[61,102903,153],{"class":75},[61,102905,102906,102908,102910,102912],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,102907,160],{"class":159},[61,102909,147],{"class":75},[61,102911,329],{"class":143},[61,102913,153],{"class":75},[61,102915,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,102917,160],{"class":159},[61,102919,147],{"class":75},[61,102921,214],{"class":143},[61,102923,140],{"class":75},[61,102925,3092],{"class":143},[61,102927,147],{"class":75},[61,102929,329],{"class":143},[61,102931,1761],{"class":75},[61,102933,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,102935,160],{"class":159},[61,102937,147],{"class":75},[61,102939,2072],{"class":2071},[61,102941,147],{"class":75},[61,102943,214],{"class":143},[61,102945,140],{"class":75},[61,102947,3092],{"class":143},[61,102949,147],{"class":75},[61,102951,329],{"class":143},[61,102953,3193],{"class":75},[61,102955,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,102957,160],{"class":159},[61,102959,147],{"class":75},[61,102961,11442],{"class":159},[61,102963,147],{"class":75},[61,102965,214],{"class":143},[61,102967,140],{"class":75},[61,102969,3092],{"class":143},[61,102971,147],{"class":75},[61,102973,329],{"class":143},[61,102975,3193],{"class":75},[20,102977,11451],{},[29,102979,102980,102983,102986,102989],{},[32,102981,102982],{},"what is in each set",[32,102984,102985],{},"what result Python creates",[32,102987,102988],{},"that the result is a set",[32,102990,102991],{},"how many items remain",[45196,102993],{},[47,102995,2109],{"id":2108},[887,102997,2113,102999,2116],{"id":102998},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103000,100684],{},[20,103002,2119],{},[887,103004,2153,103006,700,103008,2159],{"id":103005},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103007,100684],{},[15,103009,101587],{},[20,103011,103012,103014,103015,103017],{},[15,103013,100684],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103016,101587],{}," modifies the original set.",[887,103019,2133,103021,103023],{"id":103020},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103022,100684],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103025,103026],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[887,103028,103030],{"id":103029},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103032,103033],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45196,103035],{},[47,103037,2172],{"id":2171},[29,103039,103040,103044,103051],{},[32,103041,103042],{},[214,103043,217],{"href":216},[32,103045,103046],{},[214,103047,97090,103048,1516],{"href":2034},[15,103049,103050],{},"intersection()",[32,103052,103053],{},[214,103054,97090,103056,1516],{"href":103055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103057,179],{},[2204,103059,103060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":103062},[103063,103064,103066,103067,103068,103069,103071,103076,103078,103086,103095],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":100804,"depth":97,"text":103065},"What difference() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":101418,"depth":97,"text":103070},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101582,"depth":97,"text":103072,"children":103073},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103074,103075],{"id":3092,"depth":122,"text":100684},{"id":101735,"depth":122,"text":101587},{"id":101854,"depth":97,"text":103077},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":103079},[103080,103081,103082,103083,103084,103085],{"id":102124,"depth":122,"text":102125},{"id":102312,"depth":122,"text":102313},{"id":102463,"depth":122,"text":102464},{"id":102626,"depth":122,"text":102627},{"id":102711,"depth":122,"text":102712},{"id":102836,"depth":122,"text":102837},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":103087},[103088,103090,103092,103094],{"id":102998,"depth":122,"text":103089},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103005,"depth":122,"text":103091},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103020,"depth":122,"text":103093},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103029,"depth":122,"text":103030},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100676,"description":103096},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103103,"title":103104,"body":103105,"description":104800,"extension":2249,"meta":104801,"navigation":125,"path":104802,"seo":104803,"stem":104804,"__hash__":104805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103106,"toc":104762},[103107,103113,103119,103132,103134,103235,103237,103282,103287,103292,103296,103310,103313,103321,103323,103342,103360,103364,103417,103419,103440,103447,103452,103479,103486,103585,103587,103624,103632,103636,103642,103645,103718,103720,103728,103733,103802,103804,103829,103831,103834,103937,103939,104000,104003,104007,104013,104086,104088,104121,104124,104127,104167,104173,104196,104201,104205,104216,104219,104221,104225,104231,104233,104290,104300,104302,104355,104362,104367,104435,104443,104449,104453,104455,104494,104499,104548,104552,104555,104557,104596,104599,104601,104606,104663,104665,104679,104681,104685,104691,104696,104701,104708,104719,104725,104730,104732,104759],[10,103108,96478,103110,18],{"id":103109},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103111,103112],{},"discard()",[20,103114,103115,103118],{},[15,103116,103117],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103120,103121,103122,1830,103127,14334,103129,103131],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[214,103123,103124],{"href":98482},[15,103125,103126],{},"set.remove()",[15,103128,103112],{},[39,103130,4909],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[47,103133,50],{"id":49},[52,103135,103137],{"className":54,"code":103136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103138,103139,103171,103190,103200,103204,103225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103140,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103142,13356],{"class":67},[61,103144,72],{"class":71},[61,103146,76],{"class":75},[61,103148,504],{"class":503},[61,103150,13373],{"class":507},[61,103152,504],{"class":503},[61,103154,83],{"class":75},[61,103156,515],{"class":503},[61,103158,13390],{"class":507},[61,103160,504],{"class":503},[61,103162,83],{"class":75},[61,103164,515],{"class":503},[61,103166,17735],{"class":507},[61,103168,504],{"class":503},[61,103170,94],{"class":75},[61,103172,103173,103175,103177,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103174,17782],{"class":67},[61,103176,140],{"class":75},[61,103178,103179],{"class":143},"discard",[61,103181,147],{"class":75},[61,103183,504],{"class":503},[61,103185,13390],{"class":507},[61,103187,504],{"class":503},[61,103189,153],{"class":75},[61,103191,103192,103194,103196,103198],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103193,160],{"class":159},[61,103195,147],{"class":75},[61,103197,17782],{"class":143},[61,103199,153],{"class":75},[61,103201,103202],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,103203,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103205,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,103207,17782],{"class":67},[61,103209,140],{"class":75},[61,103211,103179],{"class":143},[61,103213,147],{"class":75},[61,103215,504],{"class":503},[61,103217,22800],{"class":507},[61,103219,504],{"class":503},[61,103221,442],{"class":75},[61,103223,103224],{"class":173},"  # no error if missing\n",[61,103226,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,103228,160],{"class":159},[61,103230,147],{"class":75},[61,103232,17782],{"class":143},[61,103234,153],{"class":75},[20,103236,617],{},[52,103238,103240],{"className":54,"code":103239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103241,103242,103262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103243,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103245,627],{"class":75},[61,103247,630],{"class":503},[61,103249,13373],{"class":507},[61,103251,630],{"class":503},[61,103253,83],{"class":75},[61,103255,639],{"class":503},[61,103257,17735],{"class":507},[61,103259,630],{"class":503},[61,103261,94],{"class":75},[61,103263,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103265,627],{"class":75},[61,103267,630],{"class":503},[61,103269,13373],{"class":507},[61,103271,630],{"class":503},[61,103273,83],{"class":75},[61,103275,639],{"class":503},[61,103277,17735],{"class":507},[61,103279,630],{"class":503},[61,103281,94],{"class":75},[20,103283,1503,103284,103286],{},[15,103285,103112],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[47,103288,184,103290,187],{"id":103289},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103291,103117],{},[20,103293,103294,192],{},[15,103295,103112],{},[29,103297,103298,103301,103304,103306],{},[32,103299,103300],{},"Removes one item from a set",[32,103302,103303],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[32,103305,96593],{},[32,103307,11704,103308],{},[15,103309,4058],{},[20,103311,103312],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103314,212,103315,3159,103318,140],{},[214,103316,103317],{"href":99063},"what a set is in Python",[214,103319,103320],{"href":98156},"how to create a set",[47,103322,221],{"id":220},[52,103324,103326],{"className":54,"code":103325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103327,103328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103329,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103331,2060],{"class":67},[61,103333,140],{"class":75},[61,103335,103179],{"class":143},[61,103337,147],{"class":75},[61,103339,2755],{"class":143},[61,103341,153],{"class":75},[29,103343,103344,103349,103354,103357],{},[32,103345,103346,103348],{},[15,103347,2060],{}," is the set you want to change",[32,103350,103351,103353],{},[15,103352,2755],{}," is the item you want to remove",[32,103355,103356],{},"The set must already exist",[32,103358,103359],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[887,103361,103363],{"id":103362},"example","Example",[52,103365,103367],{"className":54,"code":103366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103368,103369,103393,103407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103370,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103372,900],{"class":67},[61,103374,72],{"class":71},[61,103376,76],{"class":75},[61,103378,80],{"class":79},[61,103380,83],{"class":75},[61,103382,86],{"class":79},[61,103384,83],{"class":75},[61,103386,91],{"class":79},[61,103388,83],{"class":75},[61,103390,112],{"class":79},[61,103392,94],{"class":75},[61,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103396,3929],{"class":67},[61,103398,140],{"class":75},[61,103400,103179],{"class":143},[61,103402,147],{"class":75},[61,103404,107],{"class":79},[61,103406,153],{"class":75},[61,103408,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103410,160],{"class":159},[61,103412,147],{"class":75},[61,103414,3929],{"class":143},[61,103416,153],{"class":75},[20,103418,1598],{},[52,103420,103422],{"className":54,"code":103421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103423,103424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103425,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103427,627],{"class":75},[61,103429,80],{"class":79},[61,103431,83],{"class":75},[61,103433,86],{"class":79},[61,103435,83],{"class":75},[61,103437,112],{"class":79},[61,103439,94],{"class":75},[47,103441,103443,103444,103446],{"id":103442},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103445,103112],{}," different",[20,103448,103449,103451],{},[15,103450,103112],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[29,103453,103454,103467,103476],{},[32,103455,103456,103457,1830,103461,103463,103464,103466],{},"Unlike ",[214,103458,103459],{"href":98482},[15,103460,55812],{},[15,103462,103112],{}," does not raise ",[15,103465,19966],{}," when the item is missing",[32,103468,103456,103469,1830,103473,103475],{},[214,103470,103471],{"href":98487},[15,103472,13043],{},[15,103474,103112],{}," removes a specific item",[32,103477,103478],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[887,103480,103482,1310,103484],{"id":103481},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103483,103112],{},[15,103485,55812],{},[52,103487,103489],{"className":54,"code":103488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103490,103491,103515,103519,103540,103550,103554,103575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103492,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103494,8061],{"class":67},[61,103496,72],{"class":71},[61,103498,76],{"class":75},[61,103500,504],{"class":503},[61,103502,508],{"class":507},[61,103504,504],{"class":503},[61,103506,83],{"class":75},[61,103508,515],{"class":503},[61,103510,518],{"class":507},[61,103512,504],{"class":503},[61,103514,94],{"class":75},[61,103516,103517],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103518,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103522,8092],{"class":67},[61,103524,140],{"class":75},[61,103526,103179],{"class":143},[61,103528,147],{"class":75},[61,103530,504],{"class":503},[61,103532,527],{"class":507},[61,103534,504],{"class":503},[61,103536,442],{"class":75},[61,103538,103539],{"class":173},"   # no error\n",[61,103541,103542,103544,103546,103548],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,103543,160],{"class":159},[61,103545,147],{"class":75},[61,103547,8092],{"class":143},[61,103549,153],{"class":75},[61,103551,103552],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,103553,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103555,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,103557,8092],{"class":67},[61,103559,140],{"class":75},[61,103561,35069],{"class":143},[61,103563,147],{"class":75},[61,103565,504],{"class":503},[61,103567,518],{"class":507},[61,103569,504],{"class":503},[61,103571,442],{"class":75},[61,103573,103574],{"class":173},"    # removes existing item\n",[61,103576,103577,103579,103581,103583],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,103578,160],{"class":159},[61,103580,147],{"class":75},[61,103582,8092],{"class":143},[61,103584,153],{"class":75},[20,103586,1598],{},[52,103588,103590],{"className":54,"code":103589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103591,103592,103612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103595,627],{"class":75},[61,103597,630],{"class":503},[61,103599,508],{"class":507},[61,103601,630],{"class":503},[61,103603,83],{"class":75},[61,103605,639],{"class":503},[61,103607,518],{"class":507},[61,103609,630],{"class":503},[61,103611,94],{"class":75},[61,103613,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103615,627],{"class":75},[61,103617,630],{"class":503},[61,103619,508],{"class":507},[61,103621,630],{"class":503},[61,103623,94],{"class":75},[20,103625,40621,103626,103628,103629,103631],{},[15,103627,55812],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[214,103630,11355],{"href":11354}," for more help with that case.",[47,103633,103635],{"id":103634},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103637,103638,2680,103640,140],{},[15,103639,103112],{},[15,103641,4058],{},[20,103643,103644],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[52,103646,103648],{"className":54,"code":103647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103649,103650,103682,103704,103708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103651,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103653,13356],{"class":67},[61,103655,72],{"class":71},[61,103657,76],{"class":75},[61,103659,504],{"class":503},[61,103661,13373],{"class":507},[61,103663,504],{"class":503},[61,103665,83],{"class":75},[61,103667,515],{"class":503},[61,103669,13390],{"class":507},[61,103671,504],{"class":503},[61,103673,83],{"class":75},[61,103675,515],{"class":503},[61,103677,17735],{"class":507},[61,103679,504],{"class":503},[61,103681,94],{"class":75},[61,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103685,132],{"class":67},[61,103687,72],{"class":71},[61,103689,13404],{"class":67},[61,103691,140],{"class":75},[61,103693,103179],{"class":143},[61,103695,147],{"class":75},[61,103697,504],{"class":503},[61,103699,13390],{"class":507},[61,103701,504],{"class":503},[61,103703,153],{"class":75},[61,103705,103706],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103707,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103709,103710,103712,103714,103716],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,103711,160],{"class":159},[61,103713,147],{"class":75},[61,103715,165],{"class":143},[61,103717,153],{"class":75},[20,103719,1598],{},[52,103721,103722],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,103723,103724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103725,103726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103727,12088],{"class":4133},[20,103729,103730,103731,192],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103732,17782],{},[52,103734,103736],{"className":54,"code":103735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103737,103738,103770,103788,103792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103741,13356],{"class":67},[61,103743,72],{"class":71},[61,103745,76],{"class":75},[61,103747,504],{"class":503},[61,103749,13373],{"class":507},[61,103751,504],{"class":503},[61,103753,83],{"class":75},[61,103755,515],{"class":503},[61,103757,13390],{"class":507},[61,103759,504],{"class":503},[61,103761,83],{"class":75},[61,103763,515],{"class":503},[61,103765,17735],{"class":507},[61,103767,504],{"class":503},[61,103769,94],{"class":75},[61,103771,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103773,17782],{"class":67},[61,103775,140],{"class":75},[61,103777,103179],{"class":143},[61,103779,147],{"class":75},[61,103781,504],{"class":503},[61,103783,13390],{"class":507},[61,103785,504],{"class":503},[61,103787,153],{"class":75},[61,103789,103790],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103791,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103793,103794,103796,103798,103800],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,103795,160],{"class":159},[61,103797,147],{"class":75},[61,103799,17782],{"class":143},[61,103801,153],{"class":75},[20,103803,1598],{},[52,103805,103807],{"className":54,"code":103806,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103808,103809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103810,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103812,627],{"class":75},[61,103814,630],{"class":503},[61,103816,13373],{"class":507},[61,103818,630],{"class":503},[61,103820,83],{"class":75},[61,103822,639],{"class":503},[61,103824,17735],{"class":507},[61,103826,630],{"class":503},[61,103828,94],{"class":75},[47,103830,483],{"id":482},[20,103832,103833],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[52,103835,103837],{"className":54,"code":103836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103838,103839,103871,103875,103893,103897,103915,103919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103840,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103842,36515],{"class":67},[61,103844,72],{"class":71},[61,103846,76],{"class":75},[61,103848,504],{"class":503},[61,103850,508],{"class":507},[61,103852,504],{"class":503},[61,103854,83],{"class":75},[61,103856,515],{"class":503},[61,103858,518],{"class":507},[61,103860,504],{"class":503},[61,103862,83],{"class":75},[61,103864,515],{"class":503},[61,103866,527],{"class":507},[61,103868,504],{"class":503},[61,103870,94],{"class":75},[61,103872,103873],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103874,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103876,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,103878,160],{"class":159},[61,103880,147],{"class":75},[61,103882,504],{"class":503},[61,103884,11843],{"class":507},[61,103886,504],{"class":503},[61,103888,83],{"class":75},[61,103890,53134],{"class":143},[61,103892,153],{"class":75},[61,103894,103895],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,103896,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103898,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,103900,36567],{"class":67},[61,103902,140],{"class":75},[61,103904,103179],{"class":143},[61,103906,147],{"class":75},[61,103908,504],{"class":503},[61,103910,518],{"class":507},[61,103912,504],{"class":503},[61,103914,153],{"class":75},[61,103916,103917],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,103918,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,103920,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,103922,160],{"class":159},[61,103924,147],{"class":75},[61,103926,504],{"class":503},[61,103928,11883],{"class":507},[61,103930,504],{"class":503},[61,103932,83],{"class":75},[61,103934,53134],{"class":143},[61,103936,153],{"class":75},[20,103938,1598],{},[52,103940,103942],{"className":54,"code":103941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103943,103944,103976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103945,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103947,11903],{"class":67},[61,103949,192],{"class":75},[61,103951,76],{"class":75},[61,103953,630],{"class":503},[61,103955,518],{"class":507},[61,103957,630],{"class":503},[61,103959,83],{"class":75},[61,103961,639],{"class":503},[61,103963,508],{"class":507},[61,103965,630],{"class":503},[61,103967,83],{"class":75},[61,103969,639],{"class":503},[61,103971,527],{"class":507},[61,103973,630],{"class":503},[61,103975,94],{"class":75},[61,103977,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103979,11956],{"class":67},[61,103981,192],{"class":75},[61,103983,76],{"class":75},[61,103985,630],{"class":503},[61,103987,508],{"class":507},[61,103989,630],{"class":503},[61,103991,83],{"class":75},[61,103993,639],{"class":503},[61,103995,527],{"class":507},[61,103997,630],{"class":503},[61,103999,94],{"class":75},[20,104001,104002],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[47,104004,104006],{"id":104005},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104008,104009,104010,104012],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104011,103112],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[52,104014,104016],{"className":54,"code":104015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104017,104018,104050,104054,104072,104076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104019,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104021,36515],{"class":67},[61,104023,72],{"class":71},[61,104025,76],{"class":75},[61,104027,504],{"class":503},[61,104029,508],{"class":507},[61,104031,504],{"class":503},[61,104033,83],{"class":75},[61,104035,515],{"class":503},[61,104037,518],{"class":507},[61,104039,504],{"class":503},[61,104041,83],{"class":75},[61,104043,515],{"class":503},[61,104045,527],{"class":507},[61,104047,504],{"class":503},[61,104049,94],{"class":75},[61,104051,104052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104053,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,104055,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104057,36567],{"class":67},[61,104059,140],{"class":75},[61,104061,103179],{"class":143},[61,104063,147],{"class":75},[61,104065,504],{"class":503},[61,104067,553],{"class":507},[61,104069,504],{"class":503},[61,104071,153],{"class":75},[61,104073,104074],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,104075,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,104077,104078,104080,104082,104084],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,104079,160],{"class":159},[61,104081,147],{"class":75},[61,104083,36567],{"class":143},[61,104085,153],{"class":75},[20,104087,1598],{},[52,104089,104091],{"className":54,"code":104090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104092,104093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104096,627],{"class":75},[61,104098,630],{"class":503},[61,104100,518],{"class":507},[61,104102,630],{"class":503},[61,104104,83],{"class":75},[61,104106,639],{"class":503},[61,104108,508],{"class":507},[61,104110,630],{"class":503},[61,104112,83],{"class":75},[61,104114,639],{"class":503},[61,104116,527],{"class":507},[61,104118,630],{"class":503},[61,104120,94],{"class":75},[20,104122,104123],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104125,104126],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[52,104128,104130],{"className":54,"code":104129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104131,104132,104148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104133,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104135,7277],{"class":4158},[61,104137,515],{"class":503},[61,104139,553],{"class":507},[61,104141,504],{"class":503},[61,104143,21452],{"class":71},[61,104145,53134],{"class":67},[61,104147,6673],{"class":75},[61,104149,104150,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104151,104152],{"class":67},"    fruits",[61,104154,140],{"class":75},[61,104156,35069],{"class":143},[61,104158,147],{"class":75},[61,104160,504],{"class":503},[61,104162,553],{"class":507},[61,104164,504],{"class":503},[61,104166,153],{"class":75},[20,104168,104169,104170,104172],{},"With ",[15,104171,103112],{},", you can simply write:",[52,104174,104176],{"className":54,"code":104175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104177,104178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104179,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104181,36567],{"class":67},[61,104183,140],{"class":75},[61,104185,103179],{"class":143},[61,104187,147],{"class":75},[61,104189,504],{"class":503},[61,104191,553],{"class":507},[61,104193,504],{"class":503},[61,104195,153],{"class":75},[47,104197,5240,104199],{"id":104198},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104200,103112],{},[20,104202,1503,104203,10881],{},[15,104204,103112],{},[29,104206,104207,104210,104213],{},[32,104208,104209],{},"Missing values are normal",[32,104211,104212],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[32,104214,104215],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104217,104218],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[47,104220,3111],{"id":3110},[20,104222,8731,104223,140],{},[15,104224,103112],{},[887,104226,1524,104228,104230],{"id":104227},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104229,103112],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104232,4804],{},[52,104234,104236],{"className":54,"code":104235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104237,104238,104258,104276,104280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104239,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104241,900],{"class":67},[61,104243,72],{"class":71},[61,104245,76],{"class":75},[61,104247,80],{"class":79},[61,104249,83],{"class":75},[61,104251,86],{"class":79},[61,104253,83],{"class":75},[61,104255,91],{"class":79},[61,104257,94],{"class":75},[61,104259,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104261,900],{"class":67},[61,104263,72],{"class":71},[61,104265,956],{"class":67},[61,104267,140],{"class":75},[61,104269,103179],{"class":143},[61,104271,147],{"class":75},[61,104273,301],{"class":79},[61,104275,153],{"class":75},[61,104277,104278],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104279,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,104281,104282,104284,104286,104288],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,104283,160],{"class":159},[61,104285,147],{"class":75},[61,104287,3929],{"class":143},[61,104289,153],{"class":75},[20,104291,104292,42433,104294,8884,104296,2680,104298,140],{},[15,104293,3929],{},[15,104295,4058],{},[15,104297,103112],{},[15,104299,4058],{},[20,104301,19119],{},[52,104303,104305],{"className":54,"code":104304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104306,104307,104327,104341,104345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104308,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104310,900],{"class":67},[61,104312,72],{"class":71},[61,104314,76],{"class":75},[61,104316,80],{"class":79},[61,104318,83],{"class":75},[61,104320,86],{"class":79},[61,104322,83],{"class":75},[61,104324,91],{"class":79},[61,104326,94],{"class":75},[61,104328,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104330,3929],{"class":67},[61,104332,140],{"class":75},[61,104334,103179],{"class":143},[61,104336,147],{"class":75},[61,104338,301],{"class":79},[61,104340,153],{"class":75},[61,104342,104343],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104344,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,104346,104347,104349,104351,104353],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,104348,160],{"class":159},[61,104350,147],{"class":75},[61,104352,3929],{"class":143},[61,104354,153],{"class":75},[887,104356,37480,104358,2020,104360],{"id":104357},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104359,103112],{},[15,104361,55812],{},[20,104363,104364,104365,140],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104366,103112],{},[52,104368,104370],{"className":54,"code":104369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104371,104372,104404,104425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104373,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104375,1028],{"class":67},[61,104377,72],{"class":71},[61,104379,76],{"class":75},[61,104381,504],{"class":503},[61,104383,214],{"class":507},[61,104385,504],{"class":503},[61,104387,83],{"class":75},[61,104389,515],{"class":503},[61,104391,329],{"class":507},[61,104393,504],{"class":503},[61,104395,83],{"class":75},[61,104397,515],{"class":503},[61,104399,1071],{"class":507},[61,104401,504],{"class":503},[61,104403,94],{"class":75},[61,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104407,36419],{"class":67},[61,104409,140],{"class":75},[61,104411,103179],{"class":143},[61,104413,147],{"class":75},[61,104415,504],{"class":503},[61,104417,22354],{"class":507},[61,104419,504],{"class":503},[61,104421,442],{"class":75},[61,104423,104424],{"class":173},"   # safe\n",[61,104426,104427,104429,104431,104433],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104428,160],{"class":159},[61,104430,147],{"class":75},[61,104432,36419],{"class":143},[61,104434,153],{"class":75},[20,104436,104437,104438,46188,104441,140],{},"If you use ",[15,104439,104440],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104442,19966],{},[887,104444,25892,104446,104448],{"id":104445},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104447,103112],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104450,104451,102469],{},[15,104452,103112],{},[20,104454,16923],{},[52,104456,104458],{"className":54,"code":104457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104459,104460,104480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104461,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104463,8061],{"class":67},[61,104465,72],{"class":71},[61,104467,926],{"class":75},[61,104469,80],{"class":79},[61,104471,83],{"class":75},[61,104473,86],{"class":79},[61,104475,83],{"class":75},[61,104477,91],{"class":79},[61,104479,943],{"class":75},[61,104481,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104483,8092],{"class":67},[61,104485,140],{"class":75},[61,104487,103179],{"class":143},[61,104489,147],{"class":75},[61,104491,301],{"class":79},[61,104493,153],{"class":75},[20,104495,104496,104497,192],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104498,103112],{},[52,104500,104502],{"className":54,"code":104501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104503,104504,104524,104538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104507,8061],{"class":67},[61,104509,72],{"class":71},[61,104511,76],{"class":75},[61,104513,80],{"class":79},[61,104515,83],{"class":75},[61,104517,86],{"class":79},[61,104519,83],{"class":75},[61,104521,91],{"class":79},[61,104523,94],{"class":75},[61,104525,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104527,8092],{"class":67},[61,104529,140],{"class":75},[61,104531,103179],{"class":143},[61,104533,147],{"class":75},[61,104535,301],{"class":79},[61,104537,153],{"class":75},[61,104539,104540,104542,104544,104546],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104541,160],{"class":159},[61,104543,147],{"class":75},[61,104545,8092],{"class":143},[61,104547,153],{"class":75},[887,104549,104551],{"id":104550},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104553,104554],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104556,1904],{},[52,104558,104560],{"className":54,"code":104559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104561,104562,104582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104563,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104565,9449],{"class":67},[61,104567,72],{"class":71},[61,104569,76],{"class":75},[61,104571,80],{"class":79},[61,104573,83],{"class":75},[61,104575,86],{"class":79},[61,104577,83],{"class":75},[61,104579,91],{"class":79},[61,104581,94],{"class":75},[61,104583,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104585,9488],{"class":67},[61,104587,140],{"class":75},[61,104589,103179],{"class":143},[61,104591,1878],{"class":75},[61,104593,301],{"class":79},[61,104595,1887],{"class":75},[20,104597,104598],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[47,104600,9155],{"id":9154},[20,104602,9158,104603,104605],{},[15,104604,103112],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,104607,104609],{"className":54,"code":104608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104610,104611,104621,104635,104649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104612,104613,104615,104617,104619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104614,160],{"class":159},[61,104616,147],{"class":75},[61,104618,2060],{"class":143},[61,104620,153],{"class":75},[61,104622,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104624,160],{"class":159},[61,104626,147],{"class":75},[61,104628,2072],{"class":2071},[61,104630,147],{"class":75},[61,104632,2060],{"class":143},[61,104634,1761],{"class":75},[61,104636,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104638,160],{"class":159},[61,104640,147],{"class":75},[61,104642,2730],{"class":143},[61,104644,4165],{"class":4158},[61,104646,1975],{"class":143},[61,104648,153],{"class":75},[61,104650,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,104652,2093],{"class":159},[61,104654,147],{"class":75},[61,104656,2098],{"class":2071},[61,104658,140],{"class":75},[61,104660,103179],{"class":2103},[61,104662,153],{"class":75},[20,104664,11451],{},[29,104666,104667,104670,104673,104676],{},[32,104668,104669],{},"What is currently in the set",[32,104671,104672],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[32,104674,104675],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[32,104677,104678],{},"How Python documents the method",[47,104680,2109],{"id":2108},[887,104682,104684],{"id":104683},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104686,104687,104688,104690],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104689,103112],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[887,104692,5422,104694,12996],{"id":104693},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104695,103117],{},[20,104697,5428,104698,104700],{},[15,104699,4058],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[887,104702,2153,104704,700,104706,2159],{"id":104703},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104705,103112],{},[15,104707,55812],{},[20,104709,104710,104711,26814,104713,104715,104716,104718],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104712,55812],{},[15,104714,19966],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104717,103112],{}," does not.",[887,104720,2133,104722,104724],{"id":104721},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104723,103112],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104726,46645,104727,104729],{},[15,104728,103112],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[47,104731,2172],{"id":2171},[29,104733,104734,104740,104746,104751,104755],{},[32,104735,104736],{},[214,104737,97090,104738,1516],{"href":98482},[15,104739,55812],{},[32,104741,104742],{},[214,104743,97090,104744,1516],{"href":98487},[15,104745,13043],{},[32,104747,104748],{},[214,104749,104750],{"href":98156},"Python set: creating a set",[32,104752,104753],{},[214,104754,100619],{"href":99063},[32,104756,104757],{},[214,104758,11543],{"href":11354},[2204,104760,104761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":104763},[104764,104765,104767,104770,104775,104776,104777,104778,104780,104789,104790,104799],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":103289,"depth":97,"text":104766},"What set.discard() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":104768},[104769],{"id":103362,"depth":122,"text":103363},{"id":103442,"depth":97,"text":104771,"children":104772},"What makes discard() different",[104773],{"id":103481,"depth":122,"text":104774},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103634,"depth":97,"text":103635},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":104005,"depth":97,"text":104006},{"id":104198,"depth":97,"text":104779},"When to use discard()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":104781},[104782,104784,104786,104788],{"id":104227,"depth":122,"text":104783},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104357,"depth":122,"text":104785},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104445,"depth":122,"text":104787},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104550,"depth":122,"text":104551},{"id":9154,"depth":97,"text":9155},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":104791},[104792,104793,104795,104797],{"id":104683,"depth":122,"text":104684},{"id":104693,"depth":122,"text":104794},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104703,"depth":122,"text":104796},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104721,"depth":122,"text":104798},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103104,"description":104800},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104807,"title":104808,"body":104809,"description":106815,"extension":2249,"meta":106816,"navigation":125,"path":106817,"seo":106818,"stem":106819,"__hash__":106820},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104810,"toc":106773},[104811,104814,104822,104827,104838,104840,104895,104899,104919,104924,104928,104933,104935,104949,104951,105026,105028,105061,105066,105071,105073,105075,105090,105093,105101,105106,105121,105123,105212,105214,105303,105309,105313,105315,105353,105355,105379,105382,105397,105399,105454,105456,105489,105491,105496,105500,105504,105509,105574,105576,105596,105602,105606,105663,105665,105686,105690,105695,105740,105742,105775,105778,105782,105815,105817,105846,105850,105854,105857,105859,105878,105880,105926,105931,105945,105947,105978,105983,105986,106030,106032,106060,106064,106068,106084,106087,106152,106154,106166,106169,106173,106176,106181,106209,106211,106229,106235,106274,106276,106294,106300,106329,106331,106349,106352,106369,106371,106376,106380,106383,106409,106416,106421,106436,106445,106449,106452,106483,106489,106492,106501,106504,106506,106508,106566,106569,106594,106596,106600,106603,106607,106615,106619,106622,106626,106629,106631,106654,106656,106697,106704,106712,106715,106746,106748,106770],[10,104812,104808],{"id":104813},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104815,9406,104816,104818,104819,140],{},[15,104817,4077],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[39,104820,104821],{},"unique values only",[20,104823,35681,104824,104826],{},[15,104825,4077],{}," to:",[29,104828,104829,104832,104835],{},[32,104830,104831],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[32,104833,104834],{},"check whether a value exists",[32,104836,104837],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[47,104839,50],{"id":49},[52,104841,104843],{"className":54,"code":104842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104844,104845,104869,104884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104846,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104848,900],{"class":67},[61,104850,72],{"class":71},[61,104852,926],{"class":75},[61,104854,80],{"class":79},[61,104856,83],{"class":75},[61,104858,86],{"class":79},[61,104860,83],{"class":75},[61,104862,86],{"class":79},[61,104864,83],{"class":75},[61,104866,91],{"class":79},[61,104868,943],{"class":75},[61,104870,104871,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104872,104873],{"class":67},"unique_numbers ",[61,104875,72],{"class":71},[61,104877,15913],{"class":2071},[61,104879,147],{"class":75},[61,104881,3929],{"class":143},[61,104883,153],{"class":75},[61,104885,104886,104888,104890,104893],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,104887,160],{"class":159},[61,104889,147],{"class":75},[61,104891,104892],{"class":143},"unique_numbers",[61,104894,153],{"class":75},[20,104896,104897],{},[39,104898,1598],{},[52,104900,104901],{"className":54,"code":96883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,104902,104903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104906,627],{"class":75},[61,104908,80],{"class":79},[61,104910,83],{"class":75},[61,104912,86],{"class":79},[61,104914,83],{"class":75},[61,104916,91],{"class":79},[61,104918,94],{"class":75},[20,104920,1503,104921,104923],{},[15,104922,4077],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[47,104925,104927],{"id":104926},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104929,104930,104932],{},[15,104931,4077],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104934,30815],{},[29,104936,104937,104940,104943,104946],{},[32,104938,104939],{},"A set stores unique items only",[32,104941,104942],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[32,104944,104945],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[32,104947,104948],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104950,368],{},[52,104952,104954],{"className":54,"code":104953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104955,104956,104996,105011,105015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104957,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104959,13356],{"class":67},[61,104961,72],{"class":71},[61,104963,926],{"class":75},[61,104965,504],{"class":503},[61,104967,13373],{"class":507},[61,104969,504],{"class":503},[61,104971,83],{"class":75},[61,104973,515],{"class":503},[61,104975,13390],{"class":507},[61,104977,504],{"class":503},[61,104979,83],{"class":75},[61,104981,515],{"class":503},[61,104983,13373],{"class":507},[61,104985,504],{"class":503},[61,104987,83],{"class":75},[61,104989,515],{"class":503},[61,104991,17735],{"class":507},[61,104993,504],{"class":503},[61,104995,943],{"class":75},[61,104997,104998,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104999,105000],{"class":67},"unique_colors ",[61,105002,72],{"class":71},[61,105004,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105006,147],{"class":75},[61,105008,17782],{"class":143},[61,105010,153],{"class":75},[61,105012,105013],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105014,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,105016,105017,105019,105021,105024],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105018,160],{"class":159},[61,105020,147],{"class":75},[61,105022,105023],{"class":143},"unique_colors",[61,105025,153],{"class":75},[20,105027,617],{},[52,105029,105031],{"className":54,"code":105030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105032,105033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105034,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057,105059],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105036,627],{"class":75},[61,105038,630],{"class":503},[61,105040,13390],{"class":507},[61,105042,630],{"class":503},[61,105044,83],{"class":75},[61,105046,639],{"class":503},[61,105048,17735],{"class":507},[61,105050,630],{"class":503},[61,105052,83],{"class":75},[61,105054,639],{"class":503},[61,105056,13373],{"class":507},[61,105058,630],{"class":503},[61,105060,94],{"class":75},[20,105062,462,105063,105065],{},[15,105064,65671],{}," appears only once.",[20,105067,105068,105069,140],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[214,105070,217],{"href":96604},[47,105072,221],{"id":220},[20,105074,2444],{},[52,105076,105078],{"className":54,"code":105077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105079,105080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105081,105082,105084,105086,105088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105083,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105085,147],{"class":75},[61,105087,4000],{"class":143},[61,105089,153],{"class":75},[20,105091,105092],{},"The argument is optional.",[29,105094,105095,105098],{},[32,105096,105097],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[32,105099,105100],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105102,105103,105104,192],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105105,4077],{},[29,105107,105108,105110,105112,105114,105118],{},[32,105109,8377],{},[32,105111,49234],{},[32,105113,61455],{},[32,105115,105116],{},[15,105117,36474],{},[32,105119,105120],{},"another set",[20,105122,2411],{},[52,105124,105126],{"className":54,"code":105125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105127,105128,105154,105176,105194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105129,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105131,160],{"class":159},[61,105133,147],{"class":75},[61,105135,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105137,1878],{"class":75},[61,105139,80],{"class":79},[61,105141,83],{"class":75},[61,105143,86],{"class":79},[61,105145,83],{"class":75},[61,105147,86],{"class":79},[61,105149,83],{"class":75},[61,105151,91],{"class":79},[61,105153,3279],{"class":75},[61,105155,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105157,160],{"class":159},[61,105159,147],{"class":75},[61,105161,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105163,5790],{"class":75},[61,105165,2613],{"class":79},[61,105167,83],{"class":75},[61,105169,8072],{"class":79},[61,105171,83],{"class":75},[61,105173,6285],{"class":79},[61,105175,3193],{"class":75},[61,105177,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105179,160],{"class":159},[61,105181,147],{"class":75},[61,105183,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105185,147],{"class":75},[61,105187,504],{"class":503},[61,105189,4126],{"class":507},[61,105191,504],{"class":503},[61,105193,1761],{"class":75},[61,105195,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105197,160],{"class":159},[61,105199,147],{"class":75},[61,105201,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105203,147],{"class":75},[61,105205,60281],{"class":159},[61,105207,147],{"class":75},[61,105209,788],{"class":79},[61,105211,3193],{"class":75},[20,105213,617],{},[52,105215,105217],{"className":54,"code":105216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105218,105219,105235,105247,105283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105220,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105222,627],{"class":75},[61,105224,80],{"class":79},[61,105226,83],{"class":75},[61,105228,86],{"class":79},[61,105230,83],{"class":75},[61,105232,91],{"class":79},[61,105234,94],{"class":75},[61,105236,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105238,627],{"class":75},[61,105240,2613],{"class":79},[61,105242,83],{"class":75},[61,105244,8072],{"class":79},[61,105246,94],{"class":75},[61,105248,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105250,627],{"class":75},[61,105252,630],{"class":503},[61,105254,60721],{"class":507},[61,105256,630],{"class":503},[61,105258,83],{"class":75},[61,105260,639],{"class":503},[61,105262,60730],{"class":507},[61,105264,630],{"class":503},[61,105266,83],{"class":75},[61,105268,639],{"class":503},[61,105270,60739],{"class":507},[61,105272,630],{"class":503},[61,105274,83],{"class":75},[61,105276,639],{"class":503},[61,105278,60756],{"class":507},[61,105280,630],{"class":503},[61,105282,94],{"class":75},[61,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105286,627],{"class":75},[61,105288,2405],{"class":79},[61,105290,83],{"class":75},[61,105292,1720],{"class":79},[61,105294,83],{"class":75},[61,105296,86],{"class":79},[61,105298,83],{"class":75},[61,105300,91],{"class":79},[61,105302,94],{"class":75},[20,105304,105305,105306,140],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[214,105307,105308],{"href":65127},"Python list() function explained",[47,105310,105312],{"id":105311},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105314,98553],{},[52,105316,105317],{"className":54,"code":99516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105318,105319,105329,105339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105320,105321,105323,105325,105327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105322,98563],{"class":67},[61,105324,72],{"class":71},[61,105326,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105328,8926],{"class":75},[61,105330,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105332,160],{"class":159},[61,105334,147],{"class":75},[61,105336,98582],{"class":143},[61,105338,153],{"class":75},[61,105340,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105342,160],{"class":159},[61,105344,147],{"class":75},[61,105346,2072],{"class":2071},[61,105348,147],{"class":75},[61,105350,98582],{"class":143},[61,105352,1761],{"class":75},[20,105354,1598],{},[52,105356,105357],{"className":54,"code":99559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105358,105359,105365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105360,105361,105363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105362,2098],{"class":2071},[61,105364,8926],{"class":75},[61,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105368,3571],{"class":71},[61,105370,3574],{"class":2350},[61,105372,639],{"class":503},[61,105374,2098],{"class":507},[61,105376,630],{"class":503},[61,105378,3583],{"class":71},[20,105380,105381],{},"This is important because:",[29,105383,105384,105389],{},[32,105385,105386,105388],{},[15,105387,4077],{}," creates an empty set",[32,105390,105391,105393,105394,105396],{},[15,105392,4072],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[39,105395,4909],{}," a set",[20,105398,368],{},[52,105400,105402],{"className":54,"code":105401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105403,105404,105414,105422,105426,105440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105405,105406,105408,105410,105412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105407,37],{"class":67},[61,105409,72],{"class":71},[61,105411,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105413,8926],{"class":75},[61,105415,105416,105418,105420],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105417,294],{"class":67},[61,105419,72],{"class":71},[61,105421,10119],{"class":75},[61,105423,105424],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105425,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,105427,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105429,160],{"class":159},[61,105431,147],{"class":75},[61,105433,2072],{"class":2071},[61,105435,147],{"class":75},[61,105437,214],{"class":143},[61,105439,1761],{"class":75},[61,105441,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,105443,160],{"class":159},[61,105445,147],{"class":75},[61,105447,2072],{"class":2071},[61,105449,147],{"class":75},[61,105451,329],{"class":143},[61,105453,1761],{"class":75},[20,105455,1598],{},[52,105457,105459],{"className":54,"code":105458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105460,105461,105475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105462,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105464,3571],{"class":71},[61,105466,3574],{"class":2350},[61,105468,639],{"class":503},[61,105470,2098],{"class":507},[61,105472,630],{"class":503},[61,105474,3583],{"class":71},[61,105476,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105478,3571],{"class":71},[61,105480,3574],{"class":2350},[61,105482,639],{"class":503},[61,105484,9104],{"class":507},[61,105486,630],{"class":503},[61,105488,3583],{"class":71},[20,105490,14329],{},[20,105492,105493,105494,140],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[214,105495,104750],{"href":96607},[47,105497,105499],{"id":105498},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[887,105501,105503],{"id":105502},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105505,105506,105507,140],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105508,4077],{},[52,105510,105512],{"className":54,"code":105511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105513,105514,105546,105560,105564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105515,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542,105544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105517,900],{"class":67},[61,105519,72],{"class":71},[61,105521,926],{"class":75},[61,105523,80],{"class":79},[61,105525,83],{"class":75},[61,105527,86],{"class":79},[61,105529,83],{"class":75},[61,105531,86],{"class":79},[61,105533,83],{"class":75},[61,105535,91],{"class":79},[61,105537,83],{"class":75},[61,105539,91],{"class":79},[61,105541,83],{"class":75},[61,105543,91],{"class":79},[61,105545,943],{"class":75},[61,105547,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105549,132],{"class":67},[61,105551,72],{"class":71},[61,105553,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105555,147],{"class":75},[61,105557,3929],{"class":143},[61,105559,153],{"class":75},[61,105561,105562],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105563,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,105565,105566,105568,105570,105572],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105567,160],{"class":159},[61,105569,147],{"class":75},[61,105571,165],{"class":143},[61,105573,153],{"class":75},[20,105575,1598],{},[52,105577,105578],{"className":54,"code":96883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105579,105580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105581,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105583,627],{"class":75},[61,105585,80],{"class":79},[61,105587,83],{"class":75},[61,105589,86],{"class":79},[61,105591,83],{"class":75},[61,105593,91],{"class":79},[61,105595,94],{"class":75},[20,105597,105598,105599,140],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[214,105600,99349],{"href":105601},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[887,105603,105605],{"id":105604},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[52,105607,105609],{"className":54,"code":105608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105610,105611,105635,105649,105653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105612,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105614,4103],{"class":67},[61,105616,72],{"class":71},[61,105618,1058],{"class":75},[61,105620,1013],{"class":79},[61,105622,83],{"class":75},[61,105624,117],{"class":79},[61,105626,83],{"class":75},[61,105628,6285],{"class":79},[61,105630,83],{"class":75},[61,105632,38213],{"class":79},[61,105634,153],{"class":75},[61,105636,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105638,132],{"class":67},[61,105640,72],{"class":71},[61,105642,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105644,147],{"class":75},[61,105646,5638],{"class":143},[61,105648,153],{"class":75},[61,105650,105651],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105652,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,105654,105655,105657,105659,105661],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105656,160],{"class":159},[61,105658,147],{"class":75},[61,105660,165],{"class":143},[61,105662,153],{"class":75},[20,105664,1598],{},[52,105666,105668],{"className":54,"code":105667,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105669,105670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105671,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105673,627],{"class":75},[61,105675,1013],{"class":79},[61,105677,83],{"class":75},[61,105679,6285],{"class":79},[61,105681,83],{"class":75},[61,105683,38213],{"class":79},[61,105685,94],{"class":75},[887,105687,105689],{"id":105688},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105691,51409,105692,105694],{},[15,105693,4077],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[52,105696,105698],{"className":54,"code":105697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105699,105700,105712,105726,105730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105703,34962],{"class":67},[61,105705,72],{"class":71},[61,105707,515],{"class":503},[61,105709,518],{"class":507},[61,105711,3639],{"class":503},[61,105713,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105715,132],{"class":67},[61,105717,72],{"class":71},[61,105719,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105721,147],{"class":75},[61,105723,34983],{"class":143},[61,105725,153],{"class":75},[61,105727,105728],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,105729,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,105731,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,105733,160],{"class":159},[61,105735,147],{"class":75},[61,105737,165],{"class":143},[61,105739,153],{"class":75},[20,105741,617],{},[52,105743,105745],{"className":54,"code":105744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105746,105747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105748,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105750,627],{"class":75},[61,105752,630],{"class":503},[61,105754,329],{"class":507},[61,105756,630],{"class":503},[61,105758,83],{"class":75},[61,105760,639],{"class":503},[61,105762,214],{"class":507},[61,105764,630],{"class":503},[61,105766,83],{"class":75},[61,105768,639],{"class":503},[61,105770,76306],{"class":507},[61,105772,630],{"class":503},[61,105774,94],{"class":75},[20,105776,105777],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[887,105779,105781],{"id":105780},"from-range","From range()",[52,105783,105785],{"className":54,"code":105784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105786,105787,105805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105788,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105790,132],{"class":67},[61,105792,72],{"class":71},[61,105794,15913],{"class":2071},[61,105796,147],{"class":75},[61,105798,60281],{"class":159},[61,105800,147],{"class":75},[61,105802,1013],{"class":79},[61,105804,1761],{"class":75},[61,105806,105807,105809,105811,105813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105808,160],{"class":159},[61,105810,147],{"class":75},[61,105812,165],{"class":143},[61,105814,153],{"class":75},[20,105816,1598],{},[52,105818,105820],{"className":54,"code":105819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105821,105822],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105823,105824,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105825,627],{"class":75},[61,105827,2405],{"class":79},[61,105829,83],{"class":75},[61,105831,1720],{"class":79},[61,105833,83],{"class":75},[61,105835,86],{"class":79},[61,105837,83],{"class":75},[61,105839,91],{"class":79},[61,105841,83],{"class":75},[61,105843,112],{"class":79},[61,105845,94],{"class":75},[47,105847,105849],{"id":105848},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105851,99796,105852,140],{},[39,105853,96647],{},[20,105855,105856],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105858,99802],{},[29,105860,105861,105865,105869,105873],{},[32,105862,105863],{},[15,105864,2473],{},[32,105866,105867],{},[15,105868,3724],{},[32,105870,105871],{},[15,105872,2476],{},[32,105874,105875,105877],{},[15,105876,49234],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105879,368],{},[52,105881,105883],{"className":54,"code":105882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105884,105885,105916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105886,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105888,8061],{"class":67},[61,105890,72],{"class":71},[61,105892,76],{"class":75},[61,105894,80],{"class":79},[61,105896,83],{"class":75},[61,105898,515],{"class":503},[61,105900,4126],{"class":507},[61,105902,504],{"class":503},[61,105904,83],{"class":75},[61,105906,1058],{"class":75},[61,105908,2613],{"class":79},[61,105910,83],{"class":75},[61,105912,8072],{"class":79},[61,105914,105915],{"class":75},")}\n",[61,105917,105918,105920,105922,105924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105919,160],{"class":159},[61,105921,147],{"class":75},[61,105923,8092],{"class":143},[61,105925,153],{"class":75},[20,105927,99864,105928,105930],{},[39,105929,4909],{}," work inside a set:",[29,105932,105933,105937,105941],{},[32,105934,105935],{},[15,105936,8377],{},[32,105938,105939],{},[15,105940,9104],{},[32,105942,105943],{},[15,105944,2098],{},[20,105946,97371],{},[52,105948,105950],{"className":54,"code":105949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105951,105952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105953,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105955,99883],{"class":67},[61,105957,72],{"class":71},[61,105959,99888],{"class":75},[61,105961,80],{"class":79},[61,105963,83],{"class":75},[61,105965,86],{"class":79},[61,105967,18342],{"class":75},[61,105969,926],{"class":75},[61,105971,107],{"class":79},[61,105973,83],{"class":75},[61,105975,112],{"class":79},[61,105977,1937],{"class":75},[20,105979,77134,105980,105982],{},[15,105981,3285],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105984,105985],{},"A safer example:",[52,105987,105989],{"className":54,"code":105988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105990,105991,106019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105992,105993,105996,105998,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105994,105995],{"class":67},"good_set ",[61,105997,72],{"class":71},[61,105999,106000],{"class":75}," {(",[61,106002,80],{"class":79},[61,106004,83],{"class":75},[61,106006,86],{"class":79},[61,106008,9517],{"class":75},[61,106010,1058],{"class":75},[61,106012,107],{"class":79},[61,106014,83],{"class":75},[61,106016,112],{"class":79},[61,106018,105915],{"class":75},[61,106020,106021,106023,106025,106028],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106022,160],{"class":159},[61,106024,147],{"class":75},[61,106026,106027],{"class":143},"good_set",[61,106029,153],{"class":75},[20,106031,1598],{},[52,106033,106035],{"className":54,"code":106034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106036,106037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106038,106039,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106040,106041],{"class":75},"{(",[61,106043,80],{"class":79},[61,106045,83],{"class":75},[61,106047,86],{"class":79},[61,106049,9517],{"class":75},[61,106051,1058],{"class":75},[61,106053,107],{"class":79},[61,106055,83],{"class":75},[61,106057,112],{"class":79},[61,106059,105915],{"class":75},[47,106061,106063],{"id":106062},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106065,1503,106066,10881],{},[15,106067,4077],{},[29,106069,106070,106073,106078,106081],{},[32,106071,106072],{},"you need unique values only",[32,106074,106075,106076],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106077,4165],{},[32,106079,106080],{},"order does not matter",[32,106082,106083],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106085,106086],{},"Example of membership checking:",[52,106088,106090],{"className":54,"code":106089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106091,106092,106117,106121,106137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106093,106094,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105,106107,106110,106112,106115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106095,106096],{"class":67},"allowed_ids ",[61,106098,72],{"class":71},[61,106100,15913],{"class":2071},[61,106102,1878],{"class":75},[61,106104,46872],{"class":79},[61,106106,83],{"class":75},[61,106108,106109],{"class":79}," 102",[61,106111,83],{"class":75},[61,106113,106114],{"class":79}," 103",[61,106116,1887],{"class":75},[61,106118,106119],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106120,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,106122,106123,106125,106127,106130,106132,106135],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,106124,160],{"class":159},[61,106126,147],{"class":75},[61,106128,106129],{"class":79},"102",[61,106131,21452],{"class":4158},[61,106133,106134],{"class":143}," allowed_ids",[61,106136,153],{"class":75},[61,106138,106139,106141,106143,106146,106148,106150],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,106140,160],{"class":159},[61,106142,147],{"class":75},[61,106144,106145],{"class":79},"999",[61,106147,21452],{"class":4158},[61,106149,106134],{"class":143},[61,106151,153],{"class":75},[20,106153,1598],{},[52,106155,106156],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106157,106158,106162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106159,106160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106161,4262],{"class":4133},[61,106163,106164],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106165,4323],{"class":4133},[20,106167,106168],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[47,106170,106172],{"id":106171},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106174,106175],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[887,106177,1503,106179,98495],{"id":106178},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106180,4077],{},[52,106182,106183],{"className":54,"code":98556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106184,106185,106195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106186,106187,106189,106191,106193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106188,98563],{"class":67},[61,106190,72],{"class":71},[61,106192,15913],{"class":2071},[61,106194,8926],{"class":75},[61,106196,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106198,160],{"class":159},[61,106200,147],{"class":75},[61,106202,2072],{"class":2071},[61,106204,147],{"class":75},[61,106206,98582],{"class":143},[61,106208,1761],{"class":75},[20,106210,1598],{},[52,106212,106213],{"className":54,"code":9135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106214,106215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106216,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106218,3571],{"class":71},[61,106220,3574],{"class":2350},[61,106222,639],{"class":503},[61,106224,2098],{"class":507},[61,106226,630],{"class":503},[61,106228,3583],{"class":71},[887,106230,1503,106232,106234],{"id":106231},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106233,100553],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[52,106236,106238],{"className":54,"code":106237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106239,106240,106260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106241,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106243,900],{"class":67},[61,106245,72],{"class":71},[61,106247,76],{"class":75},[61,106249,80],{"class":79},[61,106251,83],{"class":75},[61,106253,86],{"class":79},[61,106255,83],{"class":75},[61,106257,91],{"class":79},[61,106259,94],{"class":75},[61,106261,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106263,160],{"class":159},[61,106265,147],{"class":75},[61,106267,2072],{"class":2071},[61,106269,147],{"class":75},[61,106271,3929],{"class":143},[61,106273,1761],{"class":75},[20,106275,1598],{},[52,106277,106278],{"className":54,"code":9135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106279,106280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106281,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106283,3571],{"class":71},[61,106285,3574],{"class":2350},[61,106287,639],{"class":503},[61,106289,2098],{"class":507},[61,106291,630],{"class":503},[61,106293,3583],{"class":71},[887,106295,1503,106297,106299],{"id":106296},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106298,4072],{}," for an empty dictionary",[52,106301,106303],{"className":54,"code":106302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106304,106305,106314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106306,106307,106310,106312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106308,106309],{"class":67},"empty_dict ",[61,106311,72],{"class":71},[61,106313,10119],{"class":75},[61,106315,106316,106318,106320,106322,106324,106327],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106317,160],{"class":159},[61,106319,147],{"class":75},[61,106321,2072],{"class":2071},[61,106323,147],{"class":75},[61,106325,106326],{"class":143},"empty_dict",[61,106328,1761],{"class":75},[20,106330,1598],{},[52,106332,106333],{"className":54,"code":9091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106334,106335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106336,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106338,3571],{"class":71},[61,106340,3574],{"class":2350},[61,106342,639],{"class":503},[61,106344,9104],{"class":507},[61,106346,630],{"class":503},[61,106348,3583],{"class":71},[20,106350,106351],{},"So the rule is simple:",[29,106353,106354,106359,106364],{},[32,106355,106356,106358],{},[15,106357,4077],{}," → empty set",[32,106360,106361,106363],{},[15,106362,100553],{}," → non-empty set",[32,106365,106366,106368],{},[15,106367,4072],{}," → empty dictionary",[47,106370,3111],{"id":3110},[20,106372,106373,106374,140],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106375,4077],{},[887,106377,716,106378,100151],{"id":100148},[15,106379,4072],{},[20,106381,106382],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[52,106384,106385],{"className":54,"code":100157,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,106386,106387,106395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106388,106389,106391,106393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106390,2730],{"class":67},[61,106392,72],{"class":71},[61,106394,10119],{"class":75},[61,106396,106397,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106398,160],{"class":159},[61,106400,147],{"class":75},[61,106402,2072],{"class":2071},[61,106404,147],{"class":75},[61,106406,2755],{"class":143},[61,106408,1761],{"class":75},[887,106410,106412,106413],{"id":106411},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106414,106415],{},"set(5)",[20,106417,106418,106420],{},[15,106419,4077],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[52,106422,106424],{"className":54,"code":106423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(5)\n",[15,106425,106426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106427,106428,106430,106432,106434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106429,2098],{"class":2071},[61,106431,147],{"class":75},[61,106433,1013],{"class":79},[61,106435,153],{"class":75},[20,106437,3282,106438,106440,106441,140],{},[15,106439,3285],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[214,106442,106444],{"href":106443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[887,106446,106448],{"id":106447},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106450,106451],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,106453,106455],{"className":54,"code":106454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106456,106457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106458,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106460,2730],{"class":67},[61,106462,72],{"class":71},[61,106464,99888],{"class":75},[61,106466,80],{"class":79},[61,106468,83],{"class":75},[61,106470,86],{"class":79},[61,106472,18342],{"class":75},[61,106474,926],{"class":75},[61,106476,107],{"class":79},[61,106478,83],{"class":75},[61,106480,112],{"class":79},[61,106482,1937],{"class":75},[887,106484,1524,106486,106488],{"id":106485},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106487,4077],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106490,106491],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[887,106493,37480,106495,2020,106497,3159,106499],{"id":106494},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106496,4077],{},[15,106498,25056],{},[15,106500,9403],{},[20,106502,106503],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[47,106505,60993],{"id":60992},[20,106507,11393],{},[52,106509,106511],{"className":54,"code":106510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106512,106513,106528,106538,106552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106514,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106516,160],{"class":159},[61,106518,147],{"class":75},[61,106520,2072],{"class":2071},[61,106522,147],{"class":75},[61,106524,106525],{"class":143},"my_value",[61,106527,1761],{"class":75},[61,106529,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106531,160],{"class":159},[61,106533,147],{"class":75},[61,106535,106525],{"class":143},[61,106537,153],{"class":75},[61,106539,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,106541,160],{"class":159},[61,106543,147],{"class":75},[61,106545,8377],{"class":2071},[61,106547,147],{"class":75},[61,106549,2060],{"class":143},[61,106551,1761],{"class":75},[61,106553,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,106555,160],{"class":159},[61,106557,147],{"class":75},[61,106559,11442],{"class":159},[61,106561,147],{"class":75},[61,106563,2060],{"class":143},[61,106565,1761],{"class":75},[20,106567,106568],{},"What they help you see:",[29,106570,106571,106577,106582,106588],{},[32,106572,106573,106576],{},[15,106574,106575],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[32,106578,106579,90824],{},[15,106580,106581],{},"print(my_value)",[32,106583,106584,106587],{},[15,106585,106586],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[32,106589,106590,106593],{},[15,106591,106592],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[47,106595,2109],{"id":2108},[887,106597,106599],{"id":106598},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106601,106602],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[887,106604,106606],{"id":106605},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106608,1503,106609,106611,106612,106614],{},[15,106610,4077],{},". Do not use ",[15,106613,4072],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[887,106616,106618],{"id":106617},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106620,106621],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[887,106623,106625],{"id":106624},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106627,106628],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106630,368],{},[52,106632,106634],{"className":54,"code":106633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106635,106636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106637,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106639,160],{"class":159},[61,106641,147],{"class":75},[61,106643,2098],{"class":2071},[61,106645,147],{"class":75},[61,106647,504],{"class":503},[61,106649,508],{"class":507},[61,106651,504],{"class":503},[61,106653,1761],{"class":75},[20,106655,617],{},[52,106657,106659],{"className":54,"code":106658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106660,106661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106664,627],{"class":75},[61,106666,630],{"class":503},[61,106668,214],{"class":507},[61,106670,630],{"class":503},[61,106672,83],{"class":75},[61,106674,639],{"class":503},[61,106676,20],{"class":507},[61,106678,630],{"class":503},[61,106680,83],{"class":75},[61,106682,639],{"class":503},[61,106684,60739],{"class":507},[61,106686,630],{"class":503},[61,106688,83],{"class":75},[61,106690,639],{"class":503},[61,106692,60730],{"class":507},[61,106694,630],{"class":503},[61,106696,94],{"class":75},[887,106698,5438,106700,106703],{"id":106699},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106701,106702],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106705,106706,28961,106708,106711],{},[15,106707,4077],{},[39,106709,106710],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106713,106714],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[52,106716,106718],{"className":54,"code":106717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106719,106720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106721,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106723,160],{"class":159},[61,106725,147],{"class":75},[61,106727,2098],{"class":2071},[61,106729,1878],{"class":75},[61,106731,80],{"class":79},[61,106733,83],{"class":75},[61,106735,86],{"class":79},[61,106737,83],{"class":75},[61,106739,91],{"class":79},[61,106741,83],{"class":75},[61,106743,112],{"class":79},[61,106745,3279],{"class":75},[47,106747,2172],{"id":2171},[29,106749,106750,106754,106758,106762,106766],{},[32,106751,106752],{},[214,106753,217],{"href":96604},[32,106755,106756],{},[214,106757,104750],{"href":96607},[32,106759,106760],{},[214,106761,2202],{"href":105601},[32,106763,106764],{},[214,106765,105308],{"href":65127},[32,106767,106768],{},[214,106769,106444],{"href":106443},[2204,106771,106772],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":106774},[106775,106776,106777,106778,106779,106785,106786,106787,106795,106805,106806,106814],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":104926,"depth":97,"text":104927},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":105311,"depth":97,"text":105312},{"id":105498,"depth":97,"text":105499,"children":106780},[106781,106782,106783,106784],{"id":105502,"depth":122,"text":105503},{"id":105604,"depth":122,"text":105605},{"id":105688,"depth":122,"text":105689},{"id":105780,"depth":122,"text":105781},{"id":105848,"depth":97,"text":105849},{"id":106062,"depth":97,"text":106063},{"id":106171,"depth":97,"text":106172,"children":106788},[106789,106791,106793],{"id":106178,"depth":122,"text":106790},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106231,"depth":122,"text":106792},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106296,"depth":122,"text":106794},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":106796},[106797,106798,106800,106801,106803],{"id":100148,"depth":122,"text":100655},{"id":106411,"depth":122,"text":106799},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106447,"depth":122,"text":106448},{"id":106485,"depth":122,"text":106802},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106494,"depth":122,"text":106804},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60992,"depth":97,"text":60993},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":106807},[106808,106809,106810,106811,106812],{"id":106598,"depth":122,"text":106599},{"id":106605,"depth":122,"text":106606},{"id":106617,"depth":122,"text":106618},{"id":106624,"depth":122,"text":106625},{"id":106699,"depth":122,"text":106813},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104808,"description":106815},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106822,"title":106823,"body":106824,"description":108336,"extension":2249,"meta":108337,"navigation":125,"path":108338,"seo":108339,"stem":108340,"__hash__":108341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106825,"toc":108312},[106826,106831,106836,106839,106922,106927,106932,106937,106939,106952,106956,106958,106977,106980,107003,107006,107017,107019,107100,107102,107119,107121,107127,107130,107225,107227,107258,107260,107268,107270,107273,107384,107386,107411,107413,107435,107440,107445,107451,107560,107562,107578,107581,107584,107667,107669,107686,107694,107696,107700,107706,107797,107799,107832,107837,107844,107921,107923,107940,107946,107948,107952,107968,107971,107996,107998,108059,108061,108184,108186,108237,108243,108245,108250,108252,108258,108261,108265,108268,108272,108275,108285,108287,108309],[10,106827,13,106829,18],{"id":106828},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106830,2037],{},[20,106832,2266,106833,106835],{},[15,106834,2037],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106837,106838],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[52,106840,106842],{"className":54,"code":106841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106843,106844,106864,106884,106888,106907,106917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106845,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106847,37],{"class":67},[61,106849,72],{"class":71},[61,106851,76],{"class":75},[61,106853,80],{"class":79},[61,106855,83],{"class":75},[61,106857,86],{"class":79},[61,106859,83],{"class":75},[61,106861,91],{"class":79},[61,106863,94],{"class":75},[61,106865,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106867,294],{"class":67},[61,106869,72],{"class":71},[61,106871,76],{"class":75},[61,106873,301],{"class":79},[61,106875,83],{"class":75},[61,106877,91],{"class":79},[61,106879,83],{"class":75},[61,106881,112],{"class":79},[61,106883,94],{"class":75},[61,106885,106886],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,106887,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,106889,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106901,106903,106905],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,106891,132],{"class":67},[61,106893,72],{"class":71},[61,106895,320],{"class":67},[61,106897,140],{"class":75},[61,106899,106900],{"class":143},"intersection",[61,106902,147],{"class":75},[61,106904,329],{"class":143},[61,106906,153],{"class":75},[61,106908,106909,106911,106913,106915],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,106910,160],{"class":159},[61,106912,147],{"class":75},[61,106914,165],{"class":143},[61,106916,153],{"class":75},[61,106918,106919],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,106920,106921],{"class":173},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106923,1503,106924,106926],{},[15,106925,103050],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[47,106928,13277,106930,13280],{"id":106929},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106931,103050],{},[20,106933,106934,106936],{},[15,106935,103050],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106938,254],{},[29,106940,106941,106944,106946,106949],{},[32,106942,106943],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[32,106945,100829],{},[32,106947,106948],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[32,106950,106951],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106953,212,106954,140],{},[214,106955,217],{"href":96604},[47,106957,221],{"id":220},[52,106959,106961],{"className":54,"code":106960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106962,106963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106964,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106966,231],{"class":67},[61,106968,140],{"class":75},[61,106970,106900],{"class":143},[61,106972,147],{"class":75},[61,106974,150],{"class":143},[61,106976,153],{"class":75},[20,106978,106979],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[52,106981,106983],{"className":54,"code":106982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106984,106985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106986,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106988,231],{"class":67},[61,106990,140],{"class":75},[61,106992,106900],{"class":143},[61,106994,147],{"class":75},[61,106996,150],{"class":143},[61,106998,83],{"class":75},[61,107000,244],{"class":143},[61,107002,153],{"class":75},[20,107004,107005],{},"Important notes:",[29,107007,107008,107011,107014],{},[32,107009,107010],{},"The result is always a new set",[32,107012,107013],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[32,107015,107016],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107018,368],{},[52,107020,107022],{"className":54,"code":107021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107023,107024,107048,107068,107072,107090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107025,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107027,37],{"class":67},[61,107029,72],{"class":71},[61,107031,76],{"class":75},[61,107033,80],{"class":79},[61,107035,83],{"class":75},[61,107037,86],{"class":79},[61,107039,83],{"class":75},[61,107041,91],{"class":79},[61,107043,83],{"class":75},[61,107045,112],{"class":79},[61,107047,94],{"class":75},[61,107049,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107051,294],{"class":67},[61,107053,72],{"class":71},[61,107055,76],{"class":75},[61,107057,107],{"class":79},[61,107059,83],{"class":75},[61,107061,112],{"class":79},[61,107063,83],{"class":75},[61,107065,117],{"class":79},[61,107067,94],{"class":75},[61,107069,107070],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107071,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107073,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107075,132],{"class":67},[61,107077,72],{"class":71},[61,107079,320],{"class":67},[61,107081,140],{"class":75},[61,107083,106900],{"class":143},[61,107085,147],{"class":75},[61,107087,329],{"class":143},[61,107089,153],{"class":75},[61,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107093,160],{"class":159},[61,107095,147],{"class":75},[61,107097,165],{"class":143},[61,107099,153],{"class":75},[20,107101,1598],{},[52,107103,107105],{"className":54,"code":107104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107106,107107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107108,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107110,627],{"class":75},[61,107112,107],{"class":79},[61,107114,83],{"class":75},[61,107116,112],{"class":79},[61,107118,94],{"class":75},[47,107120,17698],{"id":17697},[20,107122,107123,22252,107125,140],{},[15,107124,103050],{},[39,107126,2098],{},[20,107128,107129],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[52,107131,107133],{"className":54,"code":107132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107134,107135,107155,107175,107179,107197,107201,107211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107136,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107138,37],{"class":67},[61,107140,72],{"class":71},[61,107142,76],{"class":75},[61,107144,80],{"class":79},[61,107146,83],{"class":75},[61,107148,86],{"class":79},[61,107150,83],{"class":75},[61,107152,91],{"class":79},[61,107154,94],{"class":75},[61,107156,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107158,294],{"class":67},[61,107160,72],{"class":71},[61,107162,76],{"class":75},[61,107164,301],{"class":79},[61,107166,83],{"class":75},[61,107168,91],{"class":79},[61,107170,83],{"class":75},[61,107172,112],{"class":79},[61,107174,94],{"class":75},[61,107176,107177],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107178,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107180,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107182,132],{"class":67},[61,107184,72],{"class":71},[61,107186,320],{"class":67},[61,107188,140],{"class":75},[61,107190,106900],{"class":143},[61,107192,147],{"class":75},[61,107194,329],{"class":143},[61,107196,153],{"class":75},[61,107198,107199],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107200,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,107204,160],{"class":159},[61,107206,147],{"class":75},[61,107208,165],{"class":143},[61,107210,153],{"class":75},[61,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,107214,160],{"class":159},[61,107216,147],{"class":75},[61,107218,2072],{"class":2071},[61,107220,147],{"class":75},[61,107222,165],{"class":143},[61,107224,1761],{"class":75},[20,107226,1598],{},[52,107228,107230],{"className":54,"code":107229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107231,107232,107244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107235,627],{"class":75},[61,107237,301],{"class":79},[61,107239,83],{"class":75},[61,107241,91],{"class":79},[61,107243,94],{"class":75},[61,107245,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107247,3571],{"class":71},[61,107249,3574],{"class":2350},[61,107251,639],{"class":503},[61,107253,2098],{"class":507},[61,107255,630],{"class":503},[61,107257,3583],{"class":71},[20,107259,86087],{},[29,107261,107262,107265],{},[32,107263,107264],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[32,107266,107267],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[47,107269,483],{"id":482},[20,107271,107272],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[52,107274,107276],{"className":54,"code":107275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107277,107278,107311,107344,107348,107369,107373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107279,107280,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107281,107282],{"class":67},"colors1 ",[61,107284,72],{"class":71},[61,107286,76],{"class":75},[61,107288,504],{"class":503},[61,107290,13373],{"class":507},[61,107292,504],{"class":503},[61,107294,83],{"class":75},[61,107296,515],{"class":503},[61,107298,13390],{"class":507},[61,107300,504],{"class":503},[61,107302,83],{"class":75},[61,107304,515],{"class":503},[61,107306,17735],{"class":507},[61,107308,504],{"class":503},[61,107310,94],{"class":75},[61,107312,107313,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107314,107315],{"class":67},"colors2 ",[61,107317,72],{"class":71},[61,107319,76],{"class":75},[61,107321,504],{"class":503},[61,107323,17735],{"class":507},[61,107325,504],{"class":503},[61,107327,83],{"class":75},[61,107329,515],{"class":503},[61,107331,22800],{"class":507},[61,107333,504],{"class":503},[61,107335,83],{"class":75},[61,107337,515],{"class":503},[61,107339,13390],{"class":507},[61,107341,504],{"class":503},[61,107343,94],{"class":75},[61,107345,107346],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107347,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107349,107350,107353,107355,107358,107360,107362,107364,107367],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107351,107352],{"class":67},"common_colors ",[61,107354,72],{"class":71},[61,107356,107357],{"class":67}," colors1",[61,107359,140],{"class":75},[61,107361,106900],{"class":143},[61,107363,147],{"class":75},[61,107365,107366],{"class":143},"colors2",[61,107368,153],{"class":75},[61,107370,107371],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107372,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107374,107375,107377,107379,107382],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,107376,160],{"class":159},[61,107378,147],{"class":75},[61,107380,107381],{"class":143},"common_colors",[61,107383,153],{"class":75},[20,107385,1598],{},[52,107387,107389],{"className":54,"code":107388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107390,107391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107392,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107394,627],{"class":75},[61,107396,630],{"class":503},[61,107398,13390],{"class":507},[61,107400,630],{"class":503},[61,107402,83],{"class":75},[61,107404,639],{"class":503},[61,107406,17735],{"class":507},[61,107408,630],{"class":503},[61,107410,94],{"class":75},[20,107412,11963],{},[29,107414,107415,107421,107425,107430],{},[32,107416,107417,107420],{},[15,107418,107419],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[32,107422,107423,107420],{},[15,107424,107366],{},[32,107426,107427,107429],{},[15,107428,103050],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[32,107431,107432,107433],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107434,107381],{},[47,107436,716,107438,719],{"id":107437},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107439,103050],{},[20,107441,107442,107443,140],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107444,103050],{},[20,107446,107447,107448,107450],{},"Only the values found in ",[39,107449,3995],{}," inputs will be kept.",[52,107452,107454],{"className":54,"code":107453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107455,107456,107480,107504,107524,107528,107550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107457,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107459,37],{"class":67},[61,107461,72],{"class":71},[61,107463,76],{"class":75},[61,107465,80],{"class":79},[61,107467,83],{"class":75},[61,107469,86],{"class":79},[61,107471,83],{"class":75},[61,107473,91],{"class":79},[61,107475,83],{"class":75},[61,107477,112],{"class":79},[61,107479,94],{"class":75},[61,107481,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107483,294],{"class":67},[61,107485,72],{"class":71},[61,107487,76],{"class":75},[61,107489,301],{"class":79},[61,107491,83],{"class":75},[61,107493,91],{"class":79},[61,107495,83],{"class":75},[61,107497,112],{"class":79},[61,107499,83],{"class":75},[61,107501,117],{"class":79},[61,107503,94],{"class":75},[61,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107507,83461],{"class":67},[61,107509,72],{"class":71},[61,107511,76],{"class":75},[61,107513,107],{"class":79},[61,107515,83],{"class":75},[61,107517,112],{"class":79},[61,107519,83],{"class":75},[61,107521,37920],{"class":79},[61,107523,94],{"class":75},[61,107525,107526],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107527,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107531,132],{"class":67},[61,107533,72],{"class":71},[61,107535,320],{"class":67},[61,107537,140],{"class":75},[61,107539,106900],{"class":143},[61,107541,147],{"class":75},[61,107543,329],{"class":143},[61,107545,83],{"class":75},[61,107547,9963],{"class":143},[61,107549,153],{"class":75},[61,107551,107552,107554,107556,107558],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,107553,160],{"class":159},[61,107555,147],{"class":75},[61,107557,165],{"class":143},[61,107559,153],{"class":75},[20,107561,1598],{},[52,107563,107564],{"className":54,"code":107104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,107565,107566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107567,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107569,627],{"class":75},[61,107571,107],{"class":79},[61,107573,83],{"class":75},[61,107575,112],{"class":79},[61,107577,94],{"class":75},[20,107579,107580],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107582,107583],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[52,107585,107587],{"className":54,"code":107586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107588,107589,107613,107617,107657],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107592,37],{"class":67},[61,107594,72],{"class":71},[61,107596,76],{"class":75},[61,107598,80],{"class":79},[61,107600,83],{"class":75},[61,107602,86],{"class":79},[61,107604,83],{"class":75},[61,107606,91],{"class":79},[61,107608,83],{"class":75},[61,107610,112],{"class":79},[61,107612,94],{"class":75},[61,107614,107615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107616,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107618,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107620,132],{"class":67},[61,107622,72],{"class":71},[61,107624,320],{"class":67},[61,107626,140],{"class":75},[61,107628,106900],{"class":143},[61,107630,1878],{"class":75},[61,107632,301],{"class":79},[61,107634,83],{"class":75},[61,107636,112],{"class":79},[61,107638,83],{"class":75},[61,107640,37920],{"class":79},[61,107642,18342],{"class":75},[61,107644,1058],{"class":75},[61,107646,80],{"class":79},[61,107648,83],{"class":75},[61,107650,86],{"class":79},[61,107652,83],{"class":75},[61,107654,112],{"class":79},[61,107656,1761],{"class":75},[61,107658,107659,107661,107663,107665],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107660,160],{"class":159},[61,107662,147],{"class":75},[61,107664,165],{"class":143},[61,107666,153],{"class":75},[20,107668,1598],{},[52,107670,107672],{"className":54,"code":107671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107673,107674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107675,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107677,627],{"class":75},[61,107679,301],{"class":79},[61,107681,83],{"class":75},[61,107683,112],{"class":79},[61,107685,94],{"class":75},[47,107687,107689,1310,107691],{"id":107688},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107690,103050],{},[15,107692,107693],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107695,101590],{},[887,107697,107698],{"id":106900},[15,107699,103050],{},[29,107701,107702,107704],{},[32,107703,101599],{},[32,107705,101602],{},[52,107707,107709],{"className":54,"code":107708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107710,107711,107731,107751,107755,107773,107777,107787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107712,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107714,37],{"class":67},[61,107716,72],{"class":71},[61,107718,76],{"class":75},[61,107720,80],{"class":79},[61,107722,83],{"class":75},[61,107724,86],{"class":79},[61,107726,83],{"class":75},[61,107728,91],{"class":79},[61,107730,94],{"class":75},[61,107732,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107734,294],{"class":67},[61,107736,72],{"class":71},[61,107738,76],{"class":75},[61,107740,301],{"class":79},[61,107742,83],{"class":75},[61,107744,91],{"class":79},[61,107746,83],{"class":75},[61,107748,112],{"class":79},[61,107750,94],{"class":75},[61,107752,107753],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107754,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107758,132],{"class":67},[61,107760,72],{"class":71},[61,107762,320],{"class":67},[61,107764,140],{"class":75},[61,107766,106900],{"class":143},[61,107768,147],{"class":75},[61,107770,329],{"class":143},[61,107772,153],{"class":75},[61,107774,107775],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107776,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107778,107779,107781,107783,107785],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,107780,160],{"class":159},[61,107782,147],{"class":75},[61,107784,214],{"class":143},[61,107786,153],{"class":75},[61,107788,107789,107791,107793,107795],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,107790,160],{"class":159},[61,107792,147],{"class":75},[61,107794,165],{"class":143},[61,107796,153],{"class":75},[20,107798,1598],{},[52,107800,107802],{"className":54,"code":107801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107803,107804,107820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107805,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107807,627],{"class":75},[61,107809,80],{"class":79},[61,107811,83],{"class":75},[61,107813,86],{"class":79},[61,107815,83],{"class":75},[61,107817,91],{"class":79},[61,107819,94],{"class":75},[61,107821,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107823,627],{"class":75},[61,107825,301],{"class":79},[61,107827,83],{"class":75},[61,107829,91],{"class":79},[61,107831,94],{"class":75},[887,107833,107835],{"id":107834},"intersection_update",[15,107836,107693],{},[29,107838,107839,107841],{},[32,107840,101742],{},[32,107842,107843],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[52,107845,107847],{"className":54,"code":107846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107848,107849,107869,107889,107893,107907,107911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107850,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107852,37],{"class":67},[61,107854,72],{"class":71},[61,107856,76],{"class":75},[61,107858,80],{"class":79},[61,107860,83],{"class":75},[61,107862,86],{"class":79},[61,107864,83],{"class":75},[61,107866,91],{"class":79},[61,107868,94],{"class":75},[61,107870,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107872,294],{"class":67},[61,107874,72],{"class":71},[61,107876,76],{"class":75},[61,107878,301],{"class":79},[61,107880,83],{"class":75},[61,107882,91],{"class":79},[61,107884,83],{"class":75},[61,107886,112],{"class":79},[61,107888,94],{"class":75},[61,107890,107891],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,107892,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107894,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,107896,214],{"class":67},[61,107898,140],{"class":75},[61,107900,107834],{"class":143},[61,107902,147],{"class":75},[61,107904,329],{"class":143},[61,107906,153],{"class":75},[61,107908,107909],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,107910,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,107912,107913,107915,107917,107919],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,107914,160],{"class":159},[61,107916,147],{"class":75},[61,107918,214],{"class":143},[61,107920,153],{"class":75},[20,107922,1598],{},[52,107924,107926],{"className":54,"code":107925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107927,107928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107929,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107931,627],{"class":75},[61,107933,301],{"class":79},[61,107935,83],{"class":75},[61,107937,91],{"class":79},[61,107939,94],{"class":75},[20,107941,107942,107943,107945],{},"Choose ",[15,107944,103050],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[47,107947,1520],{"id":1519},[20,107949,15014,107950,192],{},[15,107951,103050],{},[29,107953,107954,107957,107960,107963],{},[32,107955,107956],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[32,107958,107959],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[32,107961,107962],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[32,107964,107965,107966],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107967,103050],{},[20,107969,107970],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[29,107972,107973,107978,107981,107993],{},[32,107974,716,107975,107977],{},[15,107976,103050],{}," when order matters",[32,107979,107980],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[32,107982,37480,107983,2020,107985,3159,107989],{},[15,107984,103050],{},[214,107986,107987],{"href":2251},[15,107988,179],{},[214,107990,107991],{"href":103098},[15,107992,100684],{},[32,107994,107995],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107997,30411],{},[52,107999,108001],{"className":54,"code":108000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108002,108003,108013,108027,108045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108004,108005,108007,108009,108011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108006,160],{"class":159},[61,108008,147],{"class":75},[61,108010,2060],{"class":143},[61,108012,153],{"class":75},[61,108014,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108016,160],{"class":159},[61,108018,147],{"class":75},[61,108020,2072],{"class":2071},[61,108022,147],{"class":75},[61,108024,165],{"class":143},[61,108026,1761],{"class":75},[61,108028,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108030,160],{"class":159},[61,108032,147],{"class":75},[61,108034,231],{"class":143},[61,108036,140],{"class":75},[61,108038,106900],{"class":143},[61,108040,147],{"class":75},[61,108042,150],{"class":143},[61,108044,1761],{"class":75},[61,108046,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108048,160],{"class":159},[61,108050,147],{"class":75},[61,108052,11442],{"class":159},[61,108054,147],{"class":75},[61,108056,165],{"class":143},[61,108058,1761],{"class":75},[20,108060,368],{},[52,108062,108064],{"className":54,"code":108063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108065,108066,108090,108110,108114,108132,108136,108146,108156,108170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108067,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108069,900],{"class":67},[61,108071,72],{"class":71},[61,108073,76],{"class":75},[61,108075,80],{"class":79},[61,108077,83],{"class":75},[61,108079,86],{"class":79},[61,108081,83],{"class":75},[61,108083,86],{"class":79},[61,108085,83],{"class":75},[61,108087,91],{"class":79},[61,108089,94],{"class":75},[61,108091,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108093,43828],{"class":67},[61,108095,72],{"class":71},[61,108097,76],{"class":75},[61,108099,301],{"class":79},[61,108101,83],{"class":75},[61,108103,91],{"class":79},[61,108105,83],{"class":75},[61,108107,112],{"class":79},[61,108109,94],{"class":75},[61,108111,108112],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108113,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108115,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108117,132],{"class":67},[61,108119,72],{"class":71},[61,108121,956],{"class":67},[61,108123,140],{"class":75},[61,108125,106900],{"class":143},[61,108127,147],{"class":75},[61,108129,31018],{"class":143},[61,108131,153],{"class":75},[61,108133,108134],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,108135,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108137,108138,108140,108142,108144],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,108139,160],{"class":159},[61,108141,147],{"class":75},[61,108143,3929],{"class":143},[61,108145,153],{"class":75},[61,108147,108148,108150,108152,108154],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,108149,160],{"class":159},[61,108151,147],{"class":75},[61,108153,165],{"class":143},[61,108155,153],{"class":75},[61,108157,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,108159,160],{"class":159},[61,108161,147],{"class":75},[61,108163,2072],{"class":2071},[61,108165,147],{"class":75},[61,108167,165],{"class":143},[61,108169,1761],{"class":75},[61,108171,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,108173,160],{"class":159},[61,108175,147],{"class":75},[61,108177,11442],{"class":159},[61,108179,147],{"class":75},[61,108181,165],{"class":143},[61,108183,1761],{"class":75},[20,108185,1598],{},[52,108187,108189],{"className":54,"code":108188,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108190,108191,108207,108219,108233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108192,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108194,627],{"class":75},[61,108196,80],{"class":79},[61,108198,83],{"class":75},[61,108200,86],{"class":79},[61,108202,83],{"class":75},[61,108204,91],{"class":79},[61,108206,94],{"class":75},[61,108208,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108210,627],{"class":75},[61,108212,301],{"class":79},[61,108214,83],{"class":75},[61,108216,91],{"class":79},[61,108218,94],{"class":75},[61,108220,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108222,3571],{"class":71},[61,108224,3574],{"class":2350},[61,108226,639],{"class":503},[61,108228,2098],{"class":507},[61,108230,630],{"class":503},[61,108232,3583],{"class":71},[61,108234,108235],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108236,17336],{"class":79},[20,108238,108239,108240,108242],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108241,301],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,108244,2109],{"id":2108},[887,108246,2113,108248,2116],{"id":108247},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108249,103050],{},[20,108251,2119],{},[887,108253,2123,108255,108257],{"id":108254},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108256,103050],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108259,108260],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[887,108262,108264],{"id":108263},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108266,108267],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[887,108269,108271],{"id":108270},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108273,108274],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[52,108276,108277],{"className":54,"code":97732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,108278,108279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108280,108281,108283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108282,2098],{"class":2071},[61,108284,8926],{"class":75},[47,108286,2172],{"id":2171},[29,108288,108289,108293,108299,108305],{},[32,108290,108291],{},[214,108292,217],{"href":96604},[32,108294,108295],{},[214,108296,13,108297,1516],{"href":2251},[15,108298,17],{},[32,108300,108301],{},[214,108302,13,108303,1516],{"href":103098},[15,108304,2043],{},[32,108306,108307],{},[214,108308,2202],{"href":105601},[2204,108310,108311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":108313},[108314,108316,108317,108318,108319,108321,108326,108327,108335],{"id":106929,"depth":97,"text":108315},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":107437,"depth":97,"text":108320},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107688,"depth":97,"text":108322,"children":108323},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108324,108325],{"id":106900,"depth":122,"text":103050},{"id":107834,"depth":122,"text":107693},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":108328},[108329,108331,108333,108334],{"id":108247,"depth":122,"text":108330},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108254,"depth":122,"text":108332},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108263,"depth":122,"text":108264},{"id":108270,"depth":122,"text":108271},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106823,"description":108336},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108343,"title":108344,"body":108345,"description":109581,"extension":2249,"meta":109582,"navigation":125,"path":109583,"seo":109584,"stem":109585,"__hash__":109586},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108346,"toc":109548},[108347,108352,108358,108367,108369,108444,108449,108464,108474,108479,108483,108496,108500,108502,108517,108519,108535,108537,108612,108616,108619,108621,108638,108643,108698,108703,108715,108719,108722,108823,108825,108866,108869,108873,108880,108882,108907,108910,108928,108935,108941,108944,109026,109033,109036,109116,109125,109128,109133,109137,109151,109200,109205,109209,109220,109269,109280,109285,109289,109301,109350,109361,109363,109367,109390,109392,109449,109451,109465,109467,109473,109479,109485,109494,109498,109505,109509,109517,109519,109545],[10,108348,96478,108350,18],{"id":108349},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108351,13043],{},[20,108353,108354,108357],{},[15,108355,108356],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108359,108360,108361,108363,108364,108366],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[39,108362,4909],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108365,13043],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[47,108368,50],{"id":49},[52,108370,108372],{"className":54,"code":108371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108373,108374,108406,108420,108424,108434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108375,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108377,8061],{"class":67},[61,108379,72],{"class":71},[61,108381,76],{"class":75},[61,108383,504],{"class":503},[61,108385,508],{"class":507},[61,108387,504],{"class":503},[61,108389,83],{"class":75},[61,108391,515],{"class":503},[61,108393,518],{"class":507},[61,108395,504],{"class":503},[61,108397,83],{"class":75},[61,108399,515],{"class":503},[61,108401,4377],{"class":507},[61,108403,504],{"class":503},[61,108405,94],{"class":75},[61,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108409,70211],{"class":67},[61,108411,72],{"class":71},[61,108413,6246],{"class":67},[61,108415,140],{"class":75},[61,108417,26517],{"class":143},[61,108419,8926],{"class":75},[61,108421,108422],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108423,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108427,160],{"class":159},[61,108429,147],{"class":75},[61,108431,70234],{"class":143},[61,108433,153],{"class":75},[61,108435,108436,108438,108440,108442],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,108437,160],{"class":159},[61,108439,147],{"class":75},[61,108441,8092],{"class":143},[61,108443,153],{"class":75},[20,108445,108446],{},[39,108447,108448],{},"What this does:",[29,108450,108451,108456,108461],{},[32,108452,108453,108454],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108455,8092],{},[32,108457,108458,108459],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108460,70234],{},[32,108462,108463],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108465,108466,89238,108468,108470,108471,108473],{},[39,108467,84096],{},[15,108469,108356],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[39,108472,4909],{}," chosen by index.",[47,108475,184,108477,187],{"id":108476},"what-setpop-does",[15,108478,108356],{},[20,108480,108481,192],{},[15,108482,108356],{},[29,108484,108485,108487,108490,108493],{},[32,108486,103300],{},[32,108488,108489],{},"Returns the removed item",[32,108491,108492],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[32,108494,108495],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108497,212,108498,140],{},[214,108499,217],{"href":216},[47,108501,221],{"id":220},[52,108503,108505],{"className":54,"code":108504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108506,108507],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108508,108509,108511,108513,108515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108510,2060],{"class":67},[61,108512,140],{"class":75},[61,108514,26517],{"class":143},[61,108516,8926],{"class":75},[20,108518,254],{},[29,108520,108521,108527,108532],{},[32,108522,108523,108524],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108525,108526],{},"my_set.pop()",[32,108528,108529,108530],{},"It takes ",[39,108531,28964],{},[32,108533,108534],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108536,368],{},[52,108538,108540],{"className":54,"code":108539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108541,108542,108574,108588,108592,108602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108543,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570,108572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108545,13356],{"class":67},[61,108547,72],{"class":71},[61,108549,76],{"class":75},[61,108551,504],{"class":503},[61,108553,13373],{"class":507},[61,108555,504],{"class":503},[61,108557,83],{"class":75},[61,108559,515],{"class":503},[61,108561,13390],{"class":507},[61,108563,504],{"class":503},[61,108565,83],{"class":75},[61,108567,515],{"class":503},[61,108569,17735],{"class":507},[61,108571,504],{"class":503},[61,108573,94],{"class":75},[61,108575,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108577,28814],{"class":67},[61,108579,72],{"class":71},[61,108581,13404],{"class":67},[61,108583,140],{"class":75},[61,108585,26517],{"class":143},[61,108587,8926],{"class":75},[61,108589,108590],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108591,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108595,160],{"class":159},[61,108597,147],{"class":75},[61,108599,23586],{"class":143},[61,108601,153],{"class":75},[61,108603,108604,108606,108608,108610],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,108605,160],{"class":159},[61,108607,147],{"class":75},[61,108609,17782],{"class":143},[61,108611,153],{"class":75},[47,108613,108615],{"id":108614},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108617,108618],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108620,2392],{},[29,108622,108623,108629,108632],{},[32,108624,108625,108626,108628],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108627,13043],{}," removes",[32,108630,108631],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[32,108633,108634,108635,108637],{},"You should not use ",[15,108636,13043],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108639,10742,108640,108642],{},[39,108641,4909],{}," valid:",[52,108644,108646],{"className":54,"code":108645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108647,108648,108680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108649,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108651,36515],{"class":67},[61,108653,72],{"class":71},[61,108655,76],{"class":75},[61,108657,504],{"class":503},[61,108659,508],{"class":507},[61,108661,504],{"class":503},[61,108663,83],{"class":75},[61,108665,515],{"class":503},[61,108667,518],{"class":507},[61,108669,504],{"class":503},[61,108671,83],{"class":75},[61,108673,515],{"class":503},[61,108675,4377],{"class":507},[61,108677,504],{"class":503},[61,108679,94],{"class":75},[61,108681,108682,108684,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108683,36567],{"class":67},[61,108685,140],{"class":75},[61,108687,26517],{"class":143},[61,108689,147],{"class":75},[61,108691,504],{"class":503},[61,108693,508],{"class":507},[61,108695,504],{"class":503},[61,108697,153],{"class":75},[20,108699,39931,108700,108702],{},[15,108701,108356],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108704,108705,108706,3159,108710,140],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[214,108707,108708],{"href":98482},[15,108709,103126],{},[214,108711,108713],{"href":108712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108714,103117],{},[47,108716,108718],{"id":108717},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108720,108721],{},"Here is a simple example:",[52,108723,108725],{"className":54,"code":108724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108726,108727,108761,108765,108781,108785,108804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108728,108729,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108757,108759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108730,108731],{"class":67},"animals ",[61,108733,72],{"class":71},[61,108735,76],{"class":75},[61,108737,504],{"class":503},[61,108739,1218],{"class":507},[61,108741,504],{"class":503},[61,108743,83],{"class":75},[61,108745,515],{"class":503},[61,108747,1787],{"class":507},[61,108749,504],{"class":503},[61,108751,83],{"class":75},[61,108753,515],{"class":503},[61,108755,108756],{"class":507},"rabbit",[61,108758,504],{"class":503},[61,108760,94],{"class":75},[61,108762,108763],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108764,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108766,108767,108770,108772,108775,108777,108779],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108768,108769],{"class":67},"removed_animal ",[61,108771,72],{"class":71},[61,108773,108774],{"class":67}," animals",[61,108776,140],{"class":75},[61,108778,26517],{"class":143},[61,108780,8926],{"class":75},[61,108782,108783],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108784,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108786,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799,108802],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,108788,160],{"class":159},[61,108790,147],{"class":75},[61,108792,504],{"class":503},[61,108794,29232],{"class":507},[61,108796,504],{"class":503},[61,108798,83],{"class":75},[61,108800,108801],{"class":143}," removed_animal",[61,108803,153],{"class":75},[61,108805,108806,108808,108810,108812,108815,108817,108819,108821],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,108807,160],{"class":159},[61,108809,147],{"class":75},[61,108811,504],{"class":503},[61,108813,108814],{"class":507},"Updated set:",[61,108816,504],{"class":503},[61,108818,83],{"class":75},[61,108820,108774],{"class":143},[61,108822,153],{"class":75},[20,108824,617],{},[52,108826,108828],{"className":54,"code":108827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108829,108830,108839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108831,108832,108834,108836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108833,29274],{"class":67},[61,108835,192],{"class":75},[61,108837,108838],{"class":67}," dog\n",[61,108840,108841,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108842,108843],{"class":67},"Updated ",[61,108845,2098],{"class":2071},[61,108847,192],{"class":75},[61,108849,76],{"class":75},[61,108851,630],{"class":503},[61,108853,1218],{"class":507},[61,108855,630],{"class":503},[61,108857,83],{"class":75},[61,108859,639],{"class":503},[61,108861,108756],{"class":507},[61,108863,630],{"class":503},[61,108865,94],{"class":75},[20,108867,108868],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[47,108870,108872],{"id":108871},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108874,29926,108875,108877,108878,140],{},[15,108876,13043],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108879,19966],{},[20,108881,368],{},[52,108883,108885],{"className":54,"code":108884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108886,108887,108897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108888,108889,108891,108893,108895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108890,8061],{"class":67},[61,108892,72],{"class":71},[61,108894,15913],{"class":2071},[61,108896,8926],{"class":75},[61,108898,108899,108901,108903,108905],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108900,8092],{"class":67},[61,108902,140],{"class":75},[61,108904,26517],{"class":143},[61,108906,8926],{"class":75},[20,108908,108909],{},"This raises:",[52,108911,108913],{"className":54,"code":108912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108914,108915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108916,108917,108919,108921,108923,108926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108918,19966],{"class":2071},[61,108920,192],{"class":75},[61,108922,639],{"class":503},[61,108924,108925],{"class":507},"pop from an empty set",[61,108927,29976],{"class":503},[20,108929,108930,108931,108934],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[214,108932,108933],{"href":11354},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[887,108936,108938,108939],{"id":108937},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108940,13043],{},[20,108942,108943],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[52,108945,108947],{"className":54,"code":108946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108948,108949,108959,108963,108971,108986,109005,109011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108952,8061],{"class":67},[61,108954,72],{"class":71},[61,108956,15913],{"class":2071},[61,108958,8926],{"class":75},[61,108960,108961],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108962,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,108964,108965,108967,108969],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,108966,7277],{"class":4158},[61,108968,6246],{"class":67},[61,108970,6673],{"class":75},[61,108972,108973,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,108974,108975],{"class":67},"    removed ",[61,108977,72],{"class":71},[61,108979,6246],{"class":67},[61,108981,140],{"class":75},[61,108983,26517],{"class":143},[61,108985,8926],{"class":75},[61,108987,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109003],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,108989,8352],{"class":159},[61,108991,147],{"class":75},[61,108993,504],{"class":503},[61,108995,29232],{"class":507},[61,108997,504],{"class":503},[61,108999,83],{"class":75},[61,109001,109002],{"class":143}," removed",[61,109004,153],{"class":75},[61,109006,109007,109009],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,109008,27710],{"class":4158},[61,109010,6673],{"class":75},[61,109012,109013,109015,109017,109019,109022,109024],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,109014,8352],{"class":159},[61,109016,147],{"class":75},[61,109018,504],{"class":503},[61,109020,109021],{"class":507},"The set is empty.",[61,109023,504],{"class":503},[61,109025,153],{"class":75},[887,109027,1503,109029,700,109031],{"id":109028},"use-try-and-except",[15,109030,30080],{},[15,109032,30111],{},[20,109034,109035],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[52,109037,109039],{"className":54,"code":109038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109040,109041,109051,109055,109061,109075,109093,109101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109042,109043,109045,109047,109049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109044,8061],{"class":67},[61,109046,72],{"class":71},[61,109048,15913],{"class":2071},[61,109050,8926],{"class":75},[61,109052,109053],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109054,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,109056,109057,109059],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109058,30080],{"class":4158},[61,109060,6673],{"class":75},[61,109062,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,109064,108975],{"class":67},[61,109066,72],{"class":71},[61,109068,6246],{"class":67},[61,109070,140],{"class":75},[61,109072,26517],{"class":143},[61,109074,8926],{"class":75},[61,109076,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,109078,8352],{"class":159},[61,109080,147],{"class":75},[61,109082,504],{"class":503},[61,109084,29232],{"class":507},[61,109086,504],{"class":503},[61,109088,83],{"class":75},[61,109090,109002],{"class":143},[61,109092,153],{"class":75},[61,109094,109095,109097,109099],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,109096,30111],{"class":4158},[61,109098,30114],{"class":2071},[61,109100,6673],{"class":75},[61,109102,109103,109105,109107,109109,109112,109114],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,109104,8352],{"class":159},[61,109106,147],{"class":75},[61,109108,504],{"class":503},[61,109110,109111],{"class":507},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[61,109113,504],{"class":503},[61,109115,153],{"class":75},[47,109117,5240,109119,1310,109121,1310,109123],{"id":109118},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109120,13043],{},[15,109122,55812],{},[15,109124,103112],{},[20,109126,109127],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[887,109129,1503,109131],{"id":109130},"use-pop",[15,109132,13043],{},[20,109134,1503,109135,10881],{},[15,109136,13043],{},[29,109138,109139,109145,109148],{},[32,109140,109141,109142],{},"You want to remove ",[39,109143,109144],{},"any one item",[32,109146,109147],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[32,109149,109150],{},"You want the removed item returned",[52,109152,109154],{"className":54,"code":109153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109155,109156,109176,109190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109157,109158,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109159,900],{"class":67},[61,109161,72],{"class":71},[61,109163,76],{"class":75},[61,109165,80],{"class":79},[61,109167,83],{"class":75},[61,109169,86],{"class":79},[61,109171,83],{"class":75},[61,109173,91],{"class":79},[61,109175,94],{"class":75},[61,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109179,2730],{"class":67},[61,109181,72],{"class":71},[61,109183,956],{"class":67},[61,109185,140],{"class":75},[61,109187,26517],{"class":143},[61,109189,8926],{"class":75},[61,109191,109192,109194,109196,109198],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109193,160],{"class":159},[61,109195,147],{"class":75},[61,109197,2755],{"class":143},[61,109199,153],{"class":75},[887,109201,1503,109203],{"id":109202},"use-remove",[15,109204,55812],{},[20,109206,1503,109207,10881],{},[15,109208,55812],{},[29,109210,109211,109217],{},[32,109212,109213,109214],{},"You want to delete a ",[39,109215,109216],{},"specific item",[32,109218,109219],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[52,109221,109223],{"className":54,"code":109222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109224,109225,109245,109259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109226,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109228,900],{"class":67},[61,109230,72],{"class":71},[61,109232,76],{"class":75},[61,109234,80],{"class":79},[61,109236,83],{"class":75},[61,109238,86],{"class":79},[61,109240,83],{"class":75},[61,109242,91],{"class":79},[61,109244,94],{"class":75},[61,109246,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109248,3929],{"class":67},[61,109250,140],{"class":75},[61,109252,35069],{"class":143},[61,109254,147],{"class":75},[61,109256,301],{"class":79},[61,109258,153],{"class":75},[61,109260,109261,109263,109265,109267],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109262,160],{"class":159},[61,109264,147],{"class":75},[61,109266,3929],{"class":143},[61,109268,153],{"class":75},[20,109270,109271,109272,109274,109275,109279],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109273,55812],{}," raises an error. See the ",[214,109276,109277,1516],{"href":98482},[15,109278,103126],{}," for details.",[887,109281,1503,109283],{"id":109282},"use-discard",[15,109284,103112],{},[20,109286,1503,109287,10881],{},[15,109288,103112],{},[29,109290,109291,109295],{},[32,109292,109213,109293],{},[39,109294,109216],{},[32,109296,109297,109298,109300],{},"You do ",[39,109299,4909],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[52,109302,109304],{"className":54,"code":109303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109305,109306,109326,109340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109307,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109309,900],{"class":67},[61,109311,72],{"class":71},[61,109313,76],{"class":75},[61,109315,80],{"class":79},[61,109317,83],{"class":75},[61,109319,86],{"class":79},[61,109321,83],{"class":75},[61,109323,91],{"class":79},[61,109325,94],{"class":75},[61,109327,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109329,3929],{"class":67},[61,109331,140],{"class":75},[61,109333,103179],{"class":143},[61,109335,147],{"class":75},[61,109337,1013],{"class":79},[61,109339,153],{"class":75},[61,109341,109342,109344,109346,109348],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109343,160],{"class":159},[61,109345,147],{"class":75},[61,109347,3929],{"class":143},[61,109349,153],{"class":75},[20,109351,109352,109353,109355,109356,109360],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109354,1013],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[214,109357,109358,1516],{"href":108712},[15,109359,103117],{}," for more examples.",[47,109362,3111],{"id":3110},[20,109364,71756,109365,192],{},[15,109366,108356],{},[29,109368,109369,109375,109380,109385],{},[32,109370,109371,109372],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109373,109374],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[32,109376,1524,109377,109379],{},[15,109378,13043],{}," to remove the first or last item",[32,109381,29926,109382,109384],{},[15,109383,13043],{}," on an empty set",[32,109386,716,109387,109389],{},[15,109388,13043],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109391,2046],{},[52,109393,109395],{"className":54,"code":109394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109396,109397,109407,109421,109435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109400,160],{"class":159},[61,109402,147],{"class":75},[61,109404,2060],{"class":143},[61,109406,153],{"class":75},[61,109408,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109410,160],{"class":159},[61,109412,147],{"class":75},[61,109414,11442],{"class":159},[61,109416,147],{"class":75},[61,109418,2060],{"class":143},[61,109420,1761],{"class":75},[61,109422,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109424,160],{"class":159},[61,109426,147],{"class":75},[61,109428,2072],{"class":2071},[61,109430,147],{"class":75},[61,109432,2060],{"class":143},[61,109434,1761],{"class":75},[61,109436,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,109438,28814],{"class":67},[61,109440,72],{"class":71},[61,109442,1975],{"class":67},[61,109444,140],{"class":75},[61,109446,26517],{"class":143},[61,109448,8926],{"class":75},[20,109450,26284],{},[29,109452,109453,109456,109459,109462],{},[32,109454,109455],{},"What values are in the set",[32,109457,109458],{},"Whether the set is empty",[32,109460,109461],{},"That the object is really a set",[32,109463,109464],{},"What value was actually removed",[47,109466,2109],{"id":2108},[887,109468,2113,109470,109472],{"id":109469},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109471,108356],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109474,109475,109476,109478],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109477,13043],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[887,109480,109482,109483,2159],{"id":109481},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109484,108356],{},[20,109486,109487,109488,109490,109491,109493],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109489,13043],{},", set ",[15,109492,13043],{}," does not accept an index.",[887,109495,109497],{"id":109496},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109499,71925,109500,44909,109502,109504],{},[15,109501,19966],{},[15,109503,13043],{}," is called on an empty set.",[887,109506,109508],{"id":109507},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109510,1503,109511,3159,109513,11372,109515,140],{},[15,109512,55812],{},[15,109514,103112],{},[15,109516,13043],{},[47,109518,2172],{"id":2171},[29,109520,109521,109525,109531,109537,109541],{},[32,109522,109523],{},[214,109524,217],{"href":216},[32,109526,109527],{},[214,109528,97090,109529,1516],{"href":98482},[15,109530,55812],{},[32,109532,109533],{},[214,109534,97090,109535,1516],{"href":108712},[15,109536,103112],{},[32,109538,109539],{},[214,109540,11543],{"href":11354},[32,109542,109543],{},[214,109544,55798],{"href":55350},[2204,109546,109547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":109549},[109550,109551,109553,109554,109555,109556,109562,109571,109572,109580],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":108476,"depth":97,"text":109552},"What set.pop() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":108614,"depth":97,"text":108615},{"id":108717,"depth":97,"text":108718},{"id":108871,"depth":97,"text":108872,"children":109557},[109558,109560],{"id":108937,"depth":122,"text":109559},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109028,"depth":122,"text":109561},"Use try and except",{"id":109118,"depth":97,"text":109563,"children":109564},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109565,109567,109569],{"id":109130,"depth":122,"text":109566},"Use pop()",{"id":109202,"depth":122,"text":109568},"Use remove()",{"id":109282,"depth":122,"text":109570},"Use discard()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":109573},[109574,109576,109578,109579],{"id":109469,"depth":122,"text":109575},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109481,"depth":122,"text":109577},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109496,"depth":122,"text":109497},{"id":109507,"depth":122,"text":109508},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108344,"description":109581},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109588,"title":109589,"body":109590,"description":110744,"extension":2249,"meta":110745,"navigation":125,"path":110746,"seo":110747,"stem":110748,"__hash__":110749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109591,"toc":110712},[109592,109597,109602,109611,109613,109678,109682,109706,109713,109718,109722,109737,109740,109742,109761,109775,109778,109826,109830,109846,109848,109921,109925,109950,109956,109964,109968,109975,110030,110035,110052,110058,110064,110069,110077,110084,110088,110096,110151,110153,110170,110174,110181,110246,110250,110283,110285,110297,110304,110306,110311,110318,110320,110389,110393,110401,110403,110467,110471,110476,110523,110528,110596,110604,110611,110614,110620,110625,110629,110631,110634,110636,110641,110646,110652,110657,110664,110672,110678,110681,110683,110709],[10,109593,96478,109595,18],{"id":109594},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109596,55812],{},[20,109598,109599,109601],{},[15,109600,103126],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109603,109604,109605,109608,109609,140],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[39,109606,109607],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109610,19966],{},[47,109612,50],{"id":49},[52,109614,109616],{"className":54,"code":109615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109617,109618,109650,109668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109619,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109621,13356],{"class":67},[61,109623,72],{"class":71},[61,109625,76],{"class":75},[61,109627,504],{"class":503},[61,109629,13373],{"class":507},[61,109631,504],{"class":503},[61,109633,83],{"class":75},[61,109635,515],{"class":503},[61,109637,13390],{"class":507},[61,109639,504],{"class":503},[61,109641,83],{"class":75},[61,109643,515],{"class":503},[61,109645,17735],{"class":507},[61,109647,504],{"class":503},[61,109649,94],{"class":75},[61,109651,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109653,17782],{"class":67},[61,109655,140],{"class":75},[61,109657,35069],{"class":143},[61,109659,147],{"class":75},[61,109661,504],{"class":503},[61,109663,13390],{"class":507},[61,109665,504],{"class":503},[61,109667,153],{"class":75},[61,109669,109670,109672,109674,109676],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109671,160],{"class":159},[61,109673,147],{"class":75},[61,109675,17782],{"class":143},[61,109677,153],{"class":75},[20,109679,109680],{},[39,109681,617],{},[52,109683,109684],{"className":54,"code":103806,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109685,109686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109687,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109689,627],{"class":75},[61,109691,630],{"class":503},[61,109693,13373],{"class":507},[61,109695,630],{"class":503},[61,109697,83],{"class":75},[61,109699,639],{"class":503},[61,109701,17735],{"class":507},[61,109703,630],{"class":503},[61,109705,94],{"class":75},[20,109707,1503,109708,109710,109711,140],{},[15,109709,55812],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109712,19966],{},[47,109714,184,109716,187],{"id":109715},"what-setremove-does",[15,109717,103126],{},[20,109719,109720,192],{},[15,109721,103126],{},[29,109723,109724,109727,109729,109731],{},[32,109725,109726],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[32,109728,96593],{},[32,109730,96596],{},[32,109732,109733,109734,109736],{},"Raises ",[15,109735,19966],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109738,109739],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[47,109741,221],{"id":220},[52,109743,109745],{"className":54,"code":109744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109746,109747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109748,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109750,2060],{"class":67},[61,109752,140],{"class":75},[61,109754,35069],{"class":143},[61,109756,147],{"class":75},[61,109758,2755],{"class":143},[61,109760,153],{"class":75},[29,109762,109763,109767,109772],{},[32,109764,109765,103348],{},[15,109766,2060],{},[32,109768,109769,109771],{},[15,109770,2755],{}," is the item to remove",[32,109773,109774],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109776,109777],{},"Here is a small example:",[52,109779,109780],{"className":54,"code":109222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109781,109782,109802,109816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109783,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109785,900],{"class":67},[61,109787,72],{"class":71},[61,109789,76],{"class":75},[61,109791,80],{"class":79},[61,109793,83],{"class":75},[61,109795,86],{"class":79},[61,109797,83],{"class":75},[61,109799,91],{"class":79},[61,109801,94],{"class":75},[61,109803,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109805,3929],{"class":67},[61,109807,140],{"class":75},[61,109809,35069],{"class":143},[61,109811,147],{"class":75},[61,109813,301],{"class":79},[61,109815,153],{"class":75},[61,109817,109818,109820,109822,109824],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109819,160],{"class":159},[61,109821,147],{"class":75},[61,109823,3929],{"class":143},[61,109825,153],{"class":75},[20,109827,109828],{},[39,109829,617],{},[52,109831,109832],{"className":54,"code":101560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109833,109834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109835,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109837,627],{"class":75},[61,109839,80],{"class":79},[61,109841,83],{"class":75},[61,109843,91],{"class":79},[61,109845,94],{"class":75},[47,109847,483],{"id":482},[52,109849,109851],{"className":54,"code":109850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109852,109853,109885,109889,109907,109911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109854,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109856,36515],{"class":67},[61,109858,72],{"class":71},[61,109860,76],{"class":75},[61,109862,504],{"class":503},[61,109864,508],{"class":507},[61,109866,504],{"class":503},[61,109868,83],{"class":75},[61,109870,515],{"class":503},[61,109872,518],{"class":507},[61,109874,504],{"class":503},[61,109876,83],{"class":75},[61,109878,515],{"class":503},[61,109880,527],{"class":507},[61,109882,504],{"class":503},[61,109884,94],{"class":75},[61,109886,109887],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109888,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,109892,36567],{"class":67},[61,109894,140],{"class":75},[61,109896,35069],{"class":143},[61,109898,147],{"class":75},[61,109900,504],{"class":503},[61,109902,518],{"class":507},[61,109904,504],{"class":503},[61,109906,153],{"class":75},[61,109908,109909],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,109910,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,109914,160],{"class":159},[61,109916,147],{"class":75},[61,109918,36567],{"class":143},[61,109920,153],{"class":75},[20,109922,109923],{},[39,109924,617],{},[52,109926,109928],{"className":54,"code":109927,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109929,109930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109931,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109933,627],{"class":75},[61,109935,630],{"class":503},[61,109937,508],{"class":507},[61,109939,630],{"class":503},[61,109941,83],{"class":75},[61,109943,639],{"class":503},[61,109945,527],{"class":507},[61,109947,630],{"class":503},[61,109949,94],{"class":75},[20,109951,109952,109953,109955],{},"This removes ",[15,109954,699],{}," from the set.",[20,109957,109958,109959,109961,109962,140],{},"A set does ",[39,109960,4909],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[214,109963,96608],{"href":98156},[47,109965,109967],{"id":109966},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109969,109970,109971,52777,109973,140],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109972,55812],{},[15,109974,19966],{},[52,109976,109978],{"className":54,"code":109977,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109979,109980,110012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109981,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109983,13356],{"class":67},[61,109985,72],{"class":71},[61,109987,76],{"class":75},[61,109989,504],{"class":503},[61,109991,13373],{"class":507},[61,109993,504],{"class":503},[61,109995,83],{"class":75},[61,109997,515],{"class":503},[61,109999,13390],{"class":507},[61,110001,504],{"class":503},[61,110003,83],{"class":75},[61,110005,515],{"class":503},[61,110007,17735],{"class":507},[61,110009,504],{"class":503},[61,110011,94],{"class":75},[61,110013,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110015,17782],{"class":67},[61,110017,140],{"class":75},[61,110019,35069],{"class":143},[61,110021,147],{"class":75},[61,110023,504],{"class":503},[61,110025,22800],{"class":507},[61,110027,504],{"class":503},[61,110029,153],{"class":75},[20,110031,110032],{},[39,110033,110034],{},"Result:",[52,110036,110038],{"className":54,"code":110037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110039,110040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110041,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110043,19966],{"class":2071},[61,110045,192],{"class":75},[61,110047,639],{"class":503},[61,110049,22800],{"class":507},[61,110051,29976],{"class":503},[20,110053,1283,110054,110057],{},[15,110055,110056],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110059,110060,110061,110063],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110062,55812],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110065,110066,110067,140],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[214,110068,11543],{"href":11354},[47,110070,4479,110072,110074,110075],{"id":110071},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110073,55812],{}," is different from ",[15,110076,103112],{},[20,110078,110079,700,110081,110083],{},[15,110080,55812],{},[15,110082,103112],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[887,110085,110086],{"id":35069},[15,110087,55812],{},[29,110089,110090,110093],{},[32,110091,110092],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[32,110094,110095],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[52,110097,110099],{"className":54,"code":110098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110100,110101,110133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110102,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110104,1028],{"class":67},[61,110106,72],{"class":71},[61,110108,76],{"class":75},[61,110110,504],{"class":503},[61,110112,214],{"class":507},[61,110114,504],{"class":503},[61,110116,83],{"class":75},[61,110118,515],{"class":503},[61,110120,329],{"class":507},[61,110122,504],{"class":503},[61,110124,83],{"class":75},[61,110126,515],{"class":503},[61,110128,1071],{"class":507},[61,110130,504],{"class":503},[61,110132,94],{"class":75},[61,110134,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110136,36419],{"class":67},[61,110138,140],{"class":75},[61,110140,35069],{"class":143},[61,110142,147],{"class":75},[61,110144,504],{"class":503},[61,110146,1080],{"class":507},[61,110148,504],{"class":503},[61,110150,153],{"class":75},[20,110152,108909],{},[52,110154,110156],{"className":54,"code":110155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110157,110158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110159,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110161,19966],{"class":2071},[61,110163,192],{"class":75},[61,110165,639],{"class":503},[61,110167,1080],{"class":507},[61,110169,29976],{"class":503},[887,110171,110172],{"id":103179},[15,110173,103112],{},[29,110175,110176,110178],{},[32,110177,110092],{},[32,110179,110180],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[52,110182,110184],{"className":54,"code":110183,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110185,110186,110218,110236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110187,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110189,1028],{"class":67},[61,110191,72],{"class":71},[61,110193,76],{"class":75},[61,110195,504],{"class":503},[61,110197,214],{"class":507},[61,110199,504],{"class":503},[61,110201,83],{"class":75},[61,110203,515],{"class":503},[61,110205,329],{"class":507},[61,110207,504],{"class":503},[61,110209,83],{"class":75},[61,110211,515],{"class":503},[61,110213,1071],{"class":507},[61,110215,504],{"class":503},[61,110217,94],{"class":75},[61,110219,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110221,36419],{"class":67},[61,110223,140],{"class":75},[61,110225,103179],{"class":143},[61,110227,147],{"class":75},[61,110229,504],{"class":503},[61,110231,1080],{"class":507},[61,110233,504],{"class":503},[61,110235,153],{"class":75},[61,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110239,160],{"class":159},[61,110241,147],{"class":75},[61,110243,36419],{"class":143},[61,110245,153],{"class":75},[20,110247,110248],{},[39,110249,1598],{},[52,110251,110253],{"className":54,"code":110252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110254,110255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110256,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110258,627],{"class":75},[61,110260,630],{"class":503},[61,110262,214],{"class":507},[61,110264,630],{"class":503},[61,110266,83],{"class":75},[61,110268,639],{"class":503},[61,110270,329],{"class":507},[61,110272,630],{"class":503},[61,110274,83],{"class":75},[61,110276,639],{"class":503},[61,110278,1071],{"class":507},[61,110280,630],{"class":503},[61,110282,94],{"class":75},[20,110284,18974],{},[29,110286,110287,110292],{},[32,110288,110289,110291],{},[15,110290,55812],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[32,110293,110294,110296],{},[15,110295,103112],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110298,110299,110300,140],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[214,110301,97090,110302,1516],{"href":108712},[15,110303,103112],{},[47,110305,1520],{"id":1519},[887,110307,1524,110309,97469],{"id":110308},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110310,55812],{},[20,110312,110313,110315,110316,140],{},[15,110314,55812],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110317,4058],{},[20,110319,16923],{},[52,110321,110323],{"className":54,"code":110322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110324,110325,110357,110379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110326,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110328,13356],{"class":67},[61,110330,72],{"class":71},[61,110332,76],{"class":75},[61,110334,504],{"class":503},[61,110336,13373],{"class":507},[61,110338,504],{"class":503},[61,110340,83],{"class":75},[61,110342,515],{"class":503},[61,110344,13390],{"class":507},[61,110346,504],{"class":503},[61,110348,83],{"class":75},[61,110350,515],{"class":503},[61,110352,17735],{"class":507},[61,110354,504],{"class":503},[61,110356,94],{"class":75},[61,110358,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110360,13399],{"class":67},[61,110362,72],{"class":71},[61,110364,13404],{"class":67},[61,110366,140],{"class":75},[61,110368,35069],{"class":143},[61,110370,147],{"class":75},[61,110372,504],{"class":503},[61,110374,13390],{"class":507},[61,110376,504],{"class":503},[61,110378,153],{"class":75},[61,110380,110381,110383,110385,110387],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110382,160],{"class":159},[61,110384,147],{"class":75},[61,110386,13423],{"class":143},[61,110388,153],{"class":75},[20,110390,110391],{},[39,110392,1598],{},[52,110394,110395],{"className":54,"code":12088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,110396,110397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110398,110399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110400,12088],{"class":4133},[20,110402,16935],{},[52,110404,110405],{"className":54,"code":109615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,110406,110407,110439,110457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110408,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110410,13356],{"class":67},[61,110412,72],{"class":71},[61,110414,76],{"class":75},[61,110416,504],{"class":503},[61,110418,13373],{"class":507},[61,110420,504],{"class":503},[61,110422,83],{"class":75},[61,110424,515],{"class":503},[61,110426,13390],{"class":507},[61,110428,504],{"class":503},[61,110430,83],{"class":75},[61,110432,515],{"class":503},[61,110434,17735],{"class":507},[61,110436,504],{"class":503},[61,110438,94],{"class":75},[61,110440,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110442,17782],{"class":67},[61,110444,140],{"class":75},[61,110446,35069],{"class":143},[61,110448,147],{"class":75},[61,110450,504],{"class":503},[61,110452,13390],{"class":507},[61,110454,504],{"class":503},[61,110456,153],{"class":75},[61,110458,110459,110461,110463,110465],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110460,160],{"class":159},[61,110462,147],{"class":75},[61,110464,17782],{"class":143},[61,110466,153],{"class":75},[887,110468,110470],{"id":110469},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110472,110473,110474,140],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110475,19966],{},[52,110477,110479],{"className":54,"code":110478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110480,110481,110505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110482,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110484,13356],{"class":67},[61,110486,72],{"class":71},[61,110488,76],{"class":75},[61,110490,504],{"class":503},[61,110492,13373],{"class":507},[61,110494,504],{"class":503},[61,110496,83],{"class":75},[61,110498,515],{"class":503},[61,110500,13390],{"class":507},[61,110502,504],{"class":503},[61,110504,94],{"class":75},[61,110506,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110508,17782],{"class":67},[61,110510,140],{"class":75},[61,110512,35069],{"class":143},[61,110514,147],{"class":75},[61,110516,504],{"class":503},[61,110518,17735],{"class":507},[61,110520,504],{"class":503},[61,110522,153],{"class":75},[20,110524,110525,110526,192],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110527,4165],{},[52,110529,110531],{"className":54,"code":110530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110532,110533,110557,110561,110577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110536,13356],{"class":67},[61,110538,72],{"class":71},[61,110540,76],{"class":75},[61,110542,504],{"class":503},[61,110544,13373],{"class":507},[61,110546,504],{"class":503},[61,110548,83],{"class":75},[61,110550,515],{"class":503},[61,110552,13390],{"class":507},[61,110554,504],{"class":503},[61,110556,94],{"class":75},[61,110558,110559],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110560,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,110562,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110564,7277],{"class":4158},[61,110566,515],{"class":503},[61,110568,17735],{"class":507},[61,110570,504],{"class":503},[61,110572,21452],{"class":71},[61,110574,13404],{"class":67},[61,110576,6673],{"class":75},[61,110578,110579,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,110580,110581],{"class":67},"    colors",[61,110583,140],{"class":75},[61,110585,35069],{"class":143},[61,110587,147],{"class":75},[61,110589,504],{"class":503},[61,110591,17735],{"class":507},[61,110593,504],{"class":503},[61,110595,153],{"class":75},[20,110597,110598,110599,110603],{},"Or use ",[214,110600,110601],{"href":108712},[15,110602,103112],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[887,110605,37480,110607,2020,110609],{"id":110606},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110608,103126],{},[15,110610,55358],{},[20,110612,110613],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110615,110616,110617,110619],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110618,103126],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110621,110622,110623,140],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[214,110624,99349],{"href":2201},[887,110626,110628],{"id":110627},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110630,108618],{},[20,110632,110633],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[47,110635,2109],{"id":2108},[887,110637,2113,110639,97568],{"id":110638},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110640,103126],{},[20,110642,110643,110644,140],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110645,4058],{},[887,110647,30563,110649,110651],{"id":110648},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110650,103126],{}," raise?",[20,110653,30569,110654,110656],{},[15,110655,19966],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[887,110658,21699,110660,3159,110662,2159],{"id":110659},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110661,55812],{},[15,110663,103112],{},[20,110665,1503,110666,110668,110669,110671],{},[15,110667,55812],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110670,103112],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[887,110673,2123,110675,110677],{"id":110674},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110676,103126],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110679,110680],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[47,110682,2172],{"id":2171},[29,110684,110685,110691,110697,110701,110705],{},[32,110686,110687],{},[214,110688,97090,110689,1516],{"href":108712},[15,110690,103112],{},[32,110692,110693],{},[214,110694,97090,110695,1516],{"href":98487},[15,110696,13043],{},[32,110698,110699],{},[214,110700,97612],{"href":98156},[32,110702,110703],{},[214,110704,2202],{"href":2201},[32,110706,110707],{},[214,110708,11543],{"href":11354},[2204,110710,110711],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":110713},[110714,110715,110717,110718,110719,110720,110725,110733,110743],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":109715,"depth":97,"text":110716},"What set.remove() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":109966,"depth":97,"text":109967},{"id":110071,"depth":97,"text":110721,"children":110722},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110723,110724],{"id":35069,"depth":122,"text":55812},{"id":103179,"depth":122,"text":103112},{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":110726},[110727,110729,110730,110732],{"id":110308,"depth":122,"text":110728},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110469,"depth":122,"text":110470},{"id":110606,"depth":122,"text":110731},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110627,"depth":122,"text":110628},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":110734},[110735,110737,110739,110741],{"id":110638,"depth":122,"text":110736},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110648,"depth":122,"text":110738},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110659,"depth":122,"text":110740},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110674,"depth":122,"text":110742},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109589,"description":110744},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110751,"title":110752,"body":110753,"description":112118,"extension":2249,"meta":112119,"navigation":125,"path":112120,"seo":112121,"stem":112122,"__hash__":112123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110754,"toc":112093},[110755,110761,110767,110770,110773,110787,110789,110870,110873,110878,110882,110894,110901,110903,110922,110925,110943,110945,111022,111024,111049,111053,111056,111064,111069,111074,111076,111089,111094,111097,111121,111123,111130,111132,111135,111232,111234,111267,111269,111295,111302,111305,111309,111317,111321,111329,111331,111421,111423,111437,111444,111449,111454,111456,111546,111548,111560,111562,111576,111582,111590,111592,111674,111676,111721,111724,111732,111735,111737,111741,111784,111786,111806,111811,111813,111898,111900,111905,111907,111914,111922,111928,111931,111933,112019,112021,112045,112049,112052,112054,112081,112091],[10,110756,96478,110758,18],{"id":110757},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110759,110760],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110762,110763,110766],{},[15,110764,110765],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110768,110769],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110771,110772],{},"Use it when:",[29,110774,110775,110778,110784],{},[32,110776,110777],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[32,110779,110780,110781,110783],{},"you do ",[39,110782,4909],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[32,110785,110786],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[47,110788,3890],{"id":3889},[52,110790,110792],{"className":54,"code":110791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110793,110794,110814,110834,110838,110857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110795,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110797,37],{"class":67},[61,110799,72],{"class":71},[61,110801,76],{"class":75},[61,110803,80],{"class":79},[61,110805,83],{"class":75},[61,110807,86],{"class":79},[61,110809,83],{"class":75},[61,110811,91],{"class":79},[61,110813,94],{"class":75},[61,110815,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110817,294],{"class":67},[61,110819,72],{"class":71},[61,110821,76],{"class":75},[61,110823,107],{"class":79},[61,110825,83],{"class":75},[61,110827,112],{"class":79},[61,110829,83],{"class":75},[61,110831,117],{"class":79},[61,110833,94],{"class":75},[61,110835,110836],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110837,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,110839,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110851,110853,110855],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,110841,132],{"class":67},[61,110843,72],{"class":71},[61,110845,320],{"class":67},[61,110847,140],{"class":75},[61,110849,110850],{"class":143},"symmetric_difference",[61,110852,147],{"class":75},[61,110854,329],{"class":143},[61,110856,153],{"class":75},[61,110858,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,110860,160],{"class":159},[61,110862,147],{"class":75},[61,110864,165],{"class":143},[61,110866,442],{"class":75},[61,110868,110869],{"class":173},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110871,110872],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[47,110874,184,110876,187],{"id":110875},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110877,110760],{},[20,110879,110880,192],{},[15,110881,110765],{},[29,110883,110884,110886,110889,110892],{},[32,110885,203],{},[32,110887,110888],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[32,110890,110891],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[32,110893,206],{},[20,110895,212,110896,3159,110898,140],{},[214,110897,217],{"href":96604},[214,110899,110900],{"href":96607},"creating a set in Python",[47,110902,221],{"id":220},[52,110904,110906],{"className":54,"code":110905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110907,110908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110909,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110911,231],{"class":67},[61,110913,140],{"class":75},[61,110915,110850],{"class":143},[61,110917,147],{"class":75},[61,110919,150],{"class":143},[61,110921,153],{"class":75},[20,110923,110924],{},"Notes:",[29,110926,110927,110932,110937,110940],{},[32,110928,110929,110931],{},[15,110930,231],{}," must be a set",[32,110933,110934,110936],{},[15,110935,150],{}," can be any iterable",[32,110938,110939],{},"the result is always a set",[32,110941,110942],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110944,368],{},[52,110946,110948],{"className":54,"code":110947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110949,110950,110970,110990,110994,111012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110951,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110953,68],{"class":67},[61,110955,72],{"class":71},[61,110957,76],{"class":75},[61,110959,80],{"class":79},[61,110961,83],{"class":75},[61,110963,86],{"class":79},[61,110965,83],{"class":75},[61,110967,91],{"class":79},[61,110969,94],{"class":75},[61,110971,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110973,100],{"class":67},[61,110975,72],{"class":71},[61,110977,76],{"class":75},[61,110979,107],{"class":79},[61,110981,83],{"class":75},[61,110983,112],{"class":79},[61,110985,83],{"class":75},[61,110987,117],{"class":79},[61,110989,94],{"class":75},[61,110991,110992],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,110993,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,110995,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,110997,132],{"class":67},[61,110999,72],{"class":71},[61,111001,137],{"class":67},[61,111003,140],{"class":75},[61,111005,110850],{"class":143},[61,111007,147],{"class":75},[61,111009,150],{"class":143},[61,111011,153],{"class":75},[61,111013,111014,111016,111018,111020],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111015,160],{"class":159},[61,111017,147],{"class":75},[61,111019,165],{"class":143},[61,111021,153],{"class":75},[20,111023,1598],{},[52,111025,111027],{"className":54,"code":111026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111028,111029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111030,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111032,627],{"class":75},[61,111034,80],{"class":79},[61,111036,83],{"class":75},[61,111038,86],{"class":79},[61,111040,83],{"class":75},[61,111042,112],{"class":79},[61,111044,83],{"class":75},[61,111046,117],{"class":79},[61,111048,94],{"class":75},[47,111050,111052],{"id":111051},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111054,111055],{},"The result includes:",[29,111057,111058,111061],{},[32,111059,111060],{},"items only in the first set",[32,111062,111063],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111065,111066,111067,11363],{},"The result does ",[39,111068,4909],{},[29,111070,111071],{},[32,111072,111073],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111075,5752],{},[29,111077,111078,111083],{},[32,111079,111080,111081],{},"first set: ",[15,111082,100553],{},[32,111084,111085,111086],{},"second set: ",[15,111087,111088],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111090,4332,111091,111093],{},[15,111092,107],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111095,111096],{},"The output is:",[52,111098,111099],{"className":54,"code":111026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,111100,111101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111102,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111104,627],{"class":75},[61,111106,80],{"class":79},[61,111108,83],{"class":75},[61,111110,86],{"class":79},[61,111112,83],{"class":75},[61,111114,112],{"class":79},[61,111116,83],{"class":75},[61,111118,117],{"class":79},[61,111120,94],{"class":75},[20,111122,468],{},[29,111124,111125,111127],{},[32,111126,473],{},[32,111128,111129],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[47,111131,483],{"id":482},[20,111133,111134],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[52,111136,111138],{"className":54,"code":111137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111139,111140,111172,111196,111200,111218,111222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111141,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111143,107282],{"class":67},[61,111145,72],{"class":71},[61,111147,76],{"class":75},[61,111149,504],{"class":503},[61,111151,13373],{"class":507},[61,111153,504],{"class":503},[61,111155,83],{"class":75},[61,111157,515],{"class":503},[61,111159,13390],{"class":507},[61,111161,504],{"class":503},[61,111163,83],{"class":75},[61,111165,515],{"class":503},[61,111167,17735],{"class":507},[61,111169,504],{"class":503},[61,111171,94],{"class":75},[61,111173,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111175,107315],{"class":67},[61,111177,72],{"class":71},[61,111179,76],{"class":75},[61,111181,504],{"class":503},[61,111183,17735],{"class":507},[61,111185,504],{"class":503},[61,111187,83],{"class":75},[61,111189,515],{"class":503},[61,111191,22800],{"class":507},[61,111193,504],{"class":503},[61,111195,94],{"class":75},[61,111197,111198],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111199,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111201,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111203,132],{"class":67},[61,111205,72],{"class":71},[61,111207,107357],{"class":67},[61,111209,140],{"class":75},[61,111211,110850],{"class":143},[61,111213,147],{"class":75},[61,111215,107366],{"class":143},[61,111217,153],{"class":75},[61,111219,111220],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111221,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111223,111224,111226,111228,111230],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,111225,160],{"class":159},[61,111227,147],{"class":75},[61,111229,165],{"class":143},[61,111231,153],{"class":75},[20,111233,1598],{},[52,111235,111237],{"className":54,"code":111236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111238,111239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111240,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111242,627],{"class":75},[61,111244,630],{"class":503},[61,111246,13373],{"class":507},[61,111248,630],{"class":503},[61,111250,83],{"class":75},[61,111252,639],{"class":503},[61,111254,13390],{"class":507},[61,111256,630],{"class":503},[61,111258,83],{"class":75},[61,111260,639],{"class":503},[61,111262,22800],{"class":507},[61,111264,630],{"class":503},[61,111266,94],{"class":75},[20,111268,13690],{},[29,111270,111271,111276,111287],{},[32,111272,111273,111275],{},[15,111274,96769],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[32,111277,111278,700,111280,111283,111284,111286],{},[15,111279,65671],{},[15,111281,111282],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111285,107419],{},", so they stay",[32,111288,111289,111291,111292,111294],{},[15,111290,110056],{}," is only in ",[15,111293,107366],{},", so it stays",[47,111296,111298,1310,111300],{"id":111297},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111299,110760],{},[15,111301,100684],{},[20,111303,111304],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111306,111307,192],{},[15,111308,100684],{},[29,111310,111311,111314],{},[32,111312,111313],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[32,111315,111316],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111318,111319,192],{},[15,111320,110760],{},[29,111322,111323,111326],{},[32,111324,111325],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[32,111327,111328],{},"removes shared items",[20,111330,368],{},[52,111332,111334],{"className":54,"code":111333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111335,111336,111356,111376,111380,111401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111337,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111339,37],{"class":67},[61,111341,72],{"class":71},[61,111343,76],{"class":75},[61,111345,80],{"class":79},[61,111347,83],{"class":75},[61,111349,86],{"class":79},[61,111351,83],{"class":75},[61,111353,91],{"class":79},[61,111355,94],{"class":75},[61,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111359,294],{"class":67},[61,111361,72],{"class":71},[61,111363,76],{"class":75},[61,111365,107],{"class":79},[61,111367,83],{"class":75},[61,111369,112],{"class":79},[61,111371,83],{"class":75},[61,111373,117],{"class":79},[61,111375,94],{"class":75},[61,111377,111378],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111379,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111383,160],{"class":159},[61,111385,147],{"class":75},[61,111387,214],{"class":143},[61,111389,140],{"class":75},[61,111391,3092],{"class":143},[61,111393,147],{"class":75},[61,111395,329],{"class":143},[61,111397,5641],{"class":75},[61,111399,111400],{"class":173},"            # {1, 2}\n",[61,111402,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111404,160],{"class":159},[61,111406,147],{"class":75},[61,111408,214],{"class":143},[61,111410,140],{"class":75},[61,111412,110850],{"class":143},[61,111414,147],{"class":75},[61,111416,329],{"class":143},[61,111418,5641],{"class":75},[61,111420,110869],{"class":173},[20,111422,18974],{},[29,111424,111425,111432],{},[32,111426,111427,111431],{},[214,111428,111429],{"href":103098},[15,111430,100684],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[32,111433,111434,111436],{},[15,111435,110760],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[47,111438,111440,1310,111442],{"id":111439},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111441,110760],{},[15,111443,179],{},[20,111445,111446,111448],{},[15,111447,179],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111450,111451,111453],{},[15,111452,110760],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111455,368],{},[52,111457,111459],{"className":54,"code":111458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111460,111461,111481,111501,111505,111526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111462,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111464,37],{"class":67},[61,111466,72],{"class":71},[61,111468,76],{"class":75},[61,111470,80],{"class":79},[61,111472,83],{"class":75},[61,111474,86],{"class":79},[61,111476,83],{"class":75},[61,111478,91],{"class":79},[61,111480,94],{"class":75},[61,111482,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497,111499],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111484,294],{"class":67},[61,111486,72],{"class":71},[61,111488,76],{"class":75},[61,111490,107],{"class":79},[61,111492,83],{"class":75},[61,111494,112],{"class":79},[61,111496,83],{"class":75},[61,111498,117],{"class":79},[61,111500,94],{"class":75},[61,111502,111503],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111504,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111506,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111508,160],{"class":159},[61,111510,147],{"class":75},[61,111512,214],{"class":143},[61,111514,140],{"class":75},[61,111516,144],{"class":143},[61,111518,147],{"class":75},[61,111520,329],{"class":143},[61,111522,5641],{"class":75},[61,111524,111525],{"class":173},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,111527,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111529,160],{"class":159},[61,111531,147],{"class":75},[61,111533,214],{"class":143},[61,111535,140],{"class":75},[61,111537,110850],{"class":143},[61,111539,147],{"class":75},[61,111541,329],{"class":143},[61,111543,5641],{"class":75},[61,111545,110869],{"class":173},[20,111547,27497],{},[29,111549,111550,111555],{},[32,111551,111552,111554],{},[15,111553,179],{}," includes everything",[32,111556,111557,111559],{},[15,111558,110760],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111561,18974],{},[29,111563,111564,111571],{},[32,111565,111566,111570],{},[214,111567,111568],{"href":2251},[15,111569,179],{}," when overlap does not matter",[32,111572,111573,111575],{},[15,111574,110760],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[47,111577,36889,111579,101860],{"id":111578},"using-the-operator",[15,111580,111581],{},"^",[20,111583,111584,111585,111587,111588,140],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111586,111581],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111589,110760],{},[20,111591,368],{},[52,111593,111595],{"className":54,"code":111594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111596,111597,111617,111637,111641,111659],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111598,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111600,68],{"class":67},[61,111602,72],{"class":71},[61,111604,76],{"class":75},[61,111606,80],{"class":79},[61,111608,83],{"class":75},[61,111610,86],{"class":79},[61,111612,83],{"class":75},[61,111614,91],{"class":79},[61,111616,94],{"class":75},[61,111618,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111620,100],{"class":67},[61,111622,72],{"class":71},[61,111624,76],{"class":75},[61,111626,107],{"class":79},[61,111628,83],{"class":75},[61,111630,112],{"class":79},[61,111632,83],{"class":75},[61,111634,117],{"class":79},[61,111636,94],{"class":75},[61,111638,111639],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111640,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111642,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111644,160],{"class":159},[61,111646,147],{"class":75},[61,111648,231],{"class":143},[61,111650,140],{"class":75},[61,111652,110850],{"class":143},[61,111654,147],{"class":75},[61,111656,150],{"class":143},[61,111658,1761],{"class":75},[61,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111672],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111662,160],{"class":159},[61,111664,147],{"class":75},[61,111666,68],{"class":143},[61,111668,111581],{"class":71},[61,111670,111671],{"class":143}," set2",[61,111673,153],{"class":75},[20,111675,617],{},[52,111677,111679],{"className":54,"code":111678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111680,111681,111701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111682,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111684,627],{"class":75},[61,111686,80],{"class":79},[61,111688,83],{"class":75},[61,111690,86],{"class":79},[61,111692,83],{"class":75},[61,111694,112],{"class":79},[61,111696,83],{"class":75},[61,111698,117],{"class":79},[61,111700,94],{"class":75},[61,111702,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111704,627],{"class":75},[61,111706,80],{"class":79},[61,111708,83],{"class":75},[61,111710,86],{"class":79},[61,111712,83],{"class":75},[61,111714,112],{"class":79},[61,111716,83],{"class":75},[61,111718,117],{"class":79},[61,111720,94],{"class":75},[20,111722,111723],{},"Both forms:",[29,111725,111726,111729],{},[32,111727,111728],{},"return a new set",[32,111730,111731],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111733,111734],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[47,111736,1520],{"id":1519},[20,111738,21490,111739,192],{},[15,111740,110760],{},[29,111742,111743,111751,111761,111776],{},[32,111744,111745,111748,111750],{},[39,111746,111747],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10127,111749],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[32,111752,111753,111756,111758,111760],{},[39,111754,111755],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10127,111757],{},[15,111759,110760],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[32,111762,111763,111768,111770,111772,111773,111775],{},[39,111764,111765,111766],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111767,100684],{},[10127,111769],{},[15,111771,100684],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111774,110760],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[32,111777,111778,111781,111783],{},[39,111779,111780],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10127,111782],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111785,59144],{},[29,111787,111788,111797,111800,111803],{},[32,111789,50773,111790,44909,111792,111796],{},[15,111791,110760],{},[214,111793,111794],{"href":2251},[15,111795,179],{}," is actually needed",[32,111798,111799],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[32,111801,111802],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[32,111804,111805],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111807,111808,111809,140],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[214,111810,99349],{"href":105601},[20,111812,2046],{},[52,111814,111816],{"className":54,"code":111815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111817,111818,111828,111838,111856,111870,111884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111819,111820,111822,111824,111826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111821,160],{"class":159},[61,111823,147],{"class":75},[61,111825,231],{"class":143},[61,111827,153],{"class":75},[61,111829,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111831,160],{"class":159},[61,111833,147],{"class":75},[61,111835,150],{"class":143},[61,111837,153],{"class":75},[61,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111841,160],{"class":159},[61,111843,147],{"class":75},[61,111845,231],{"class":143},[61,111847,140],{"class":75},[61,111849,110850],{"class":143},[61,111851,147],{"class":75},[61,111853,150],{"class":143},[61,111855,1761],{"class":75},[61,111857,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111859,160],{"class":159},[61,111861,147],{"class":75},[61,111863,68],{"class":143},[61,111865,111581],{"class":71},[61,111867,111671],{"class":143},[61,111869,153],{"class":75},[61,111871,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,111873,160],{"class":159},[61,111875,147],{"class":75},[61,111877,2072],{"class":2071},[61,111879,147],{"class":75},[61,111881,231],{"class":143},[61,111883,1761],{"class":75},[61,111885,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,111887,160],{"class":159},[61,111889,147],{"class":75},[61,111891,2072],{"class":2071},[61,111893,147],{"class":75},[61,111895,150],{"class":143},[61,111897,1761],{"class":75},[47,111899,2109],{"id":2108},[887,111901,2113,111903,2116],{"id":111902},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111904,110760],{},[20,111906,2119],{},[887,111908,2153,111910,700,111912,2159],{"id":111909},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111911,110760],{},[15,111913,100684],{},[20,111915,111916,111918,111919,111921],{},[15,111917,100684],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111920,110760],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[887,111923,2133,111925,111927],{"id":111924},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111926,110760],{}," with lists?",[20,111929,111930],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111932,368],{},[52,111934,111936],{"className":54,"code":111935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111937,111938,111958,111978,111982,112009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111941,80934],{"class":67},[61,111943,72],{"class":71},[61,111945,926],{"class":75},[61,111947,80],{"class":79},[61,111949,83],{"class":75},[61,111951,86],{"class":79},[61,111953,83],{"class":75},[61,111955,91],{"class":79},[61,111957,943],{"class":75},[61,111959,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111961,80955],{"class":67},[61,111963,72],{"class":71},[61,111965,926],{"class":75},[61,111967,107],{"class":79},[61,111969,83],{"class":75},[61,111971,112],{"class":79},[61,111973,83],{"class":75},[61,111975,117],{"class":79},[61,111977,943],{"class":75},[61,111979,111980],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,111981,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,111983,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,111985,132],{"class":67},[61,111987,72],{"class":71},[61,111989,15913],{"class":2071},[61,111991,147],{"class":75},[61,111993,111994],{"class":143},"list1",[61,111996,8914],{"class":75},[61,111998,110850],{"class":143},[61,112000,147],{"class":75},[61,112002,2098],{"class":2071},[61,112004,147],{"class":75},[61,112006,81221],{"class":143},[61,112008,1761],{"class":75},[61,112010,112011,112013,112015,112017],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,112012,160],{"class":159},[61,112014,147],{"class":75},[61,112016,165],{"class":143},[61,112018,153],{"class":75},[20,112020,1598],{},[52,112022,112023],{"className":54,"code":111026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112024,112025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112028,627],{"class":75},[61,112030,80],{"class":79},[61,112032,83],{"class":75},[61,112034,86],{"class":79},[61,112036,83],{"class":75},[61,112038,112],{"class":79},[61,112040,83],{"class":75},[61,112042,117],{"class":79},[61,112044,94],{"class":75},[887,112046,112048],{"id":112047},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112050,112051],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[47,112053,2172],{"id":2171},[29,112055,112056,112060,112065,112071,112077],{},[32,112057,112058],{},[214,112059,217],{"href":96604},[32,112061,112062],{},[214,112063,112064],{"href":96607},"Creating a set in Python",[32,112066,112067],{},[214,112068,97090,112069,1516],{"href":103098},[15,112070,100684],{},[32,112072,112073],{},[214,112074,97090,112075,1516],{"href":2251},[15,112076,179],{},[32,112078,112079],{},[214,112080,2202],{"href":105601},[20,112082,112083,112084,1830,112086,1833,112088,112090],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112085,100684],{},[15,112087,179],{},[15,112089,110760],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2204,112092,57524],{},{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":112094},[112095,112096,112098,112099,112100,112101,112103,112105,112107,112108,112117],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":110875,"depth":97,"text":112097},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":111051,"depth":97,"text":111052},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":111297,"depth":97,"text":112102},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111439,"depth":97,"text":112104},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111578,"depth":97,"text":112106},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":112109},[112110,112112,112114,112116],{"id":111902,"depth":122,"text":112111},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111909,"depth":122,"text":112113},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111924,"depth":122,"text":112115},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112047,"depth":122,"text":112048},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110752,"description":112118},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":112125,"description":2248,"extension":2249,"meta":114049,"navigation":125,"path":2251,"seo":114050,"stem":2253,"__hash__":2254},{"type":7,"value":112126,"toc":114017},[112127,112131,112135,112137,112147,112149,112229,112233,112237,112241,112251,112253,112257,112259,112285,112287,112295,112297,112365,112367,112373,112375,112383,112385,112471,112475,112477,112483,112485,112487,112489,112603,112605,112673,112675,112689,112693,112695,112807,112809,112837,112839,112843,112847,112849,112929,112931,112959,112963,112965,113057,113059,113099,113101,113103,113167,113169,113209,113213,113227,113233,113239,113243,113249,113335,113339,113345,113415,113419,113425,113427,113431,113433,113497,113499,113515,113519,113521,113589,113591,113593,113651,113653,113655,113707,113717,113719,113771,113773,113775,113805,113807,113811,113863,113865,113867,113883,113893,113895,113947,113949,113953,113955,113959,113961,113965,113969,113971,113973,113979,113985,113987,114015],[10,112128,13,112129,18],{"id":12},[15,112130,17],{},[20,112132,112133,24],{},[15,112134,17],{},[20,112136,27],{},[29,112138,112139,112141,112145],{},[32,112140,34],{},[32,112142,37,112143,42],{},[39,112144,41],{},[32,112146,45],{},[47,112148,50],{"id":49},[52,112150,112151],{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112152,112153,112173,112193,112197,112215,112225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112154,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112156,68],{"class":67},[61,112158,72],{"class":71},[61,112160,76],{"class":75},[61,112162,80],{"class":79},[61,112164,83],{"class":75},[61,112166,86],{"class":79},[61,112168,83],{"class":75},[61,112170,91],{"class":79},[61,112172,94],{"class":75},[61,112174,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112176,100],{"class":67},[61,112178,72],{"class":71},[61,112180,76],{"class":75},[61,112182,107],{"class":79},[61,112184,83],{"class":75},[61,112186,112],{"class":79},[61,112188,83],{"class":75},[61,112190,117],{"class":79},[61,112192,94],{"class":75},[61,112194,112195],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,112196,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,112198,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,112200,132],{"class":67},[61,112202,72],{"class":71},[61,112204,137],{"class":67},[61,112206,140],{"class":75},[61,112208,144],{"class":143},[61,112210,147],{"class":75},[61,112212,150],{"class":143},[61,112214,153],{"class":75},[61,112216,112217,112219,112221,112223],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,112218,160],{"class":159},[61,112220,147],{"class":75},[61,112222,165],{"class":143},[61,112224,153],{"class":75},[61,112226,112227],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,112228,174],{"class":173},[20,112230,112231,180],{},[15,112232,179],{},[47,112234,184,112235,187],{"id":183},[15,112236,17],{},[20,112238,112239,192],{},[15,112240,17],{},[29,112242,112243,112245,112247,112249],{},[32,112244,197],{},[32,112246,200],{},[32,112248,203],{},[32,112250,206],{},[20,112252,209],{},[20,112254,212,112255,140],{},[214,112256,217],{"href":216},[47,112258,221],{"id":220},[52,112260,112261],{"className":54,"code":224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112262,112263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112264,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112266,231],{"class":67},[61,112268,140],{"class":75},[61,112270,144],{"class":143},[61,112272,147],{"class":75},[61,112274,150],{"class":143},[61,112276,83],{"class":75},[61,112278,244],{"class":143},[61,112280,83],{"class":75},[61,112282,249],{"class":159},[61,112284,153],{"class":75},[20,112286,254],{},[29,112288,112289,112291,112293],{},[32,112290,259],{},[32,112292,262],{},[32,112294,265],{},[20,112296,268],{},[52,112298,112299],{"className":54,"code":271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112300,112301,112317,112333,112337,112355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112302,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112304,37],{"class":67},[61,112306,72],{"class":71},[61,112308,76],{"class":75},[61,112310,80],{"class":79},[61,112312,83],{"class":75},[61,112314,86],{"class":79},[61,112316,94],{"class":75},[61,112318,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112320,294],{"class":67},[61,112322,72],{"class":71},[61,112324,76],{"class":75},[61,112326,301],{"class":79},[61,112328,83],{"class":75},[61,112330,91],{"class":79},[61,112332,94],{"class":75},[61,112334,112335],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,112336,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,112338,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,112340,132],{"class":67},[61,112342,72],{"class":71},[61,112344,320],{"class":67},[61,112346,140],{"class":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Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114055,"toc":115909},[114056,114061,114066,114074,114076,114134,114139,114144,114148,114160,114163,114237,114242,114244,114246,114265,114267,114284,114287,114314,114316,114386,114390,114392,114398,114400,114461,114466,114468,114525,114529,114534,114599,114601,114621,114628,114632,114637,114722,114725,114732,114835,114839,114844,114902,114905,114916,114930,114937,114995,115002,115005,115015,115019,115077,115081,115147,115150,115208,115215,115222,115225,115229,115238,115307,115311,115317,115405,115415,115419,115423,115427,115430,115491,115496,115553,115557,115559,115594,115601,115603,115657,115664,115668,115671,115736,115745,115751,115808,115810,115815,115819,115823,115826,115833,115841,115845,115850,115854,115860,115862,115897,115906],[10,114057,96478,114059,18],{"id":114058},"python-set-update-method",[15,114060,1313],{},[20,114062,114063,114065],{},[15,114064,1515],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114067,114068,114069,114073],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[214,114070,114071],{"href":98773},[15,114072,96486],{},", which adds only one item.",[47,114075,3890],{"id":3889},[52,114077,114079],{"className":54,"code":114078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114080,114081,114097,114119,114129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114082,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114084,900],{"class":67},[61,114086,72],{"class":71},[61,114088,76],{"class":75},[61,114090,80],{"class":79},[61,114092,83],{"class":75},[61,114094,86],{"class":79},[61,114096,94],{"class":75},[61,114098,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114100,3929],{"class":67},[61,114102,140],{"class":75},[61,114104,1419],{"class":143},[61,114106,1878],{"class":75},[61,114108,301],{"class":79},[61,114110,83],{"class":75},[61,114112,91],{"class":79},[61,114114,83],{"class":75},[61,114116,112],{"class":79},[61,114118,1887],{"class":75},[61,114120,114121,114123,114125,114127],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114122,160],{"class":159},[61,114124,147],{"class":75},[61,114126,3929],{"class":143},[61,114128,153],{"class":75},[61,114130,114131],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114132,114133],{"class":173},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114135,1503,114136,114138],{},[15,114137,1313],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[47,114140,184,114142,187],{"id":114141},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114143,1515],{},[20,114145,114146,192],{},[15,114147,1515],{},[29,114149,114150,114153,114155,114158],{},[32,114151,114152],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[32,114154,96593],{},[32,114156,114157],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[32,114159,96596],{},[20,114161,114162],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[52,114164,114166],{"className":54,"code":114165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114167,114168,114192,114218,114222,114232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114171,13356],{"class":67},[61,114173,72],{"class":71},[61,114175,76],{"class":75},[61,114177,504],{"class":503},[61,114179,13373],{"class":507},[61,114181,504],{"class":503},[61,114183,83],{"class":75},[61,114185,515],{"class":503},[61,114187,13390],{"class":507},[61,114189,504],{"class":503},[61,114191,94],{"class":75},[61,114193,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114195,17782],{"class":67},[61,114197,140],{"class":75},[61,114199,1419],{"class":143},[61,114201,1878],{"class":75},[61,114203,504],{"class":503},[61,114205,13390],{"class":507},[61,114207,504],{"class":503},[61,114209,83],{"class":75},[61,114211,515],{"class":503},[61,114213,17735],{"class":507},[61,114215,504],{"class":503},[61,114217,1887],{"class":75},[61,114219,114220],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114221,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114223,114224,114226,114228,114230],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114225,160],{"class":159},[61,114227,147],{"class":75},[61,114229,17782],{"class":143},[61,114231,153],{"class":75},[61,114233,114234],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114235,114236],{"class":173},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114238,1010,114239,114241],{},[15,114240,111282],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[47,114243,221],{"id":220},[20,114245,7498],{},[52,114247,114249],{"className":54,"code":114248,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114250,114251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114254,2060],{"class":67},[61,114256,140],{"class":75},[61,114258,1419],{"class":143},[61,114260,147],{"class":75},[61,114262,4000],{"class":143},[61,114264,153],{"class":75},[20,114266,80479],{},[29,114268,114269,114272,114275,114278,114281],{},[32,114270,114271],{},"A list",[32,114273,114274],{},"A tuple",[32,114276,114277],{},"Another set",[32,114279,114280],{},"A string",[32,114282,114283],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114285,114286],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[52,114288,114290],{"className":54,"code":114289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114291,114292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114293,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114295,2060],{"class":67},[61,114297,140],{"class":75},[61,114299,1419],{"class":143},[61,114301,147],{"class":75},[61,114303,214],{"class":143},[61,114305,83],{"class":75},[61,114307,2840],{"class":143},[61,114309,83],{"class":75},[61,114311,9963],{"class":143},[61,114313,153],{"class":75},[20,114315,368],{},[52,114317,114319],{"className":54,"code":114318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114320,114321,114333,114367,114371,114381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114322,114323,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114324,4103],{"class":67},[61,114326,72],{"class":71},[61,114328,76],{"class":75},[61,114330,80],{"class":79},[61,114332,94],{"class":75},[61,114334,114335,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349,114351,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114336,5638],{"class":67},[61,114338,140],{"class":75},[61,114340,1419],{"class":143},[61,114342,1878],{"class":75},[61,114344,301],{"class":79},[61,114346,83],{"class":75},[61,114348,91],{"class":79},[61,114350,18342],{"class":75},[61,114352,1058],{"class":75},[61,114354,788],{"class":79},[61,114356,83],{"class":75},[61,114358,117],{"class":79},[61,114360,9517],{"class":75},[61,114362,76],{"class":75},[61,114364,80870],{"class":79},[61,114366,30771],{"class":75},[61,114368,114369],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114370,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114372,114373,114375,114377,114379],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114374,160],{"class":159},[61,114376,147],{"class":75},[61,114378,5638],{"class":143},[61,114380,153],{"class":75},[61,114382,114383],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114384,114385],{"class":173},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114387,212,114388,140],{},[214,114389,96608],{"href":98156},[47,114391,345],{"id":344},[20,114393,114394,2680,114396,140],{},[15,114395,1515],{},[15,114397,4058],{},[20,114399,11994],{},[52,114401,114403],{"className":54,"code":114402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114404,114405,114421,114443,114447,114457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114406,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114408,900],{"class":67},[61,114410,72],{"class":71},[61,114412,76],{"class":75},[61,114414,80],{"class":79},[61,114416,83],{"class":75},[61,114418,86],{"class":79},[61,114420,94],{"class":75},[61,114422,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114424,132],{"class":67},[61,114426,72],{"class":71},[61,114428,956],{"class":67},[61,114430,140],{"class":75},[61,114432,1419],{"class":143},[61,114434,1878],{"class":75},[61,114436,107],{"class":79},[61,114438,83],{"class":75},[61,114440,112],{"class":79},[61,114442,1887],{"class":75},[61,114444,114445],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114446,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114448,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114450,160],{"class":159},[61,114452,147],{"class":75},[61,114454,165],{"class":143},[61,114456,153],{"class":75},[61,114458,114459],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114460,62112],{"class":173},[20,114462,114463,114464,140],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114465,165],{},[20,114467,19247],{},[52,114469,114471],{"className":54,"code":114470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114472,114473,114489,114507,114511,114521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114474,114475,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114476,900],{"class":67},[61,114478,72],{"class":71},[61,114480,76],{"class":75},[61,114482,80],{"class":79},[61,114484,83],{"class":75},[61,114486,86],{"class":79},[61,114488,94],{"class":75},[61,114490,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114492,3929],{"class":67},[61,114494,140],{"class":75},[61,114496,1419],{"class":143},[61,114498,1878],{"class":75},[61,114500,107],{"class":79},[61,114502,83],{"class":75},[61,114504,112],{"class":79},[61,114506,1887],{"class":75},[61,114508,114509],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114510,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114512,114513,114515,114517,114519],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114514,160],{"class":159},[61,114516,147],{"class":75},[61,114518,3929],{"class":143},[61,114520,153],{"class":75},[61,114522,114523],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114524,114133],{"class":173},[47,114526,114528],{"id":114527},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114530,114531,114532,140],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114533,1313],{},[52,114535,114537],{"className":54,"code":114536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114538,114539,114555,114581,114585,114595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114540,114541,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114542,900],{"class":67},[61,114544,72],{"class":71},[61,114546,76],{"class":75},[61,114548,80],{"class":79},[61,114550,83],{"class":75},[61,114552,86],{"class":79},[61,114554,94],{"class":75},[61,114556,114557,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114558,3929],{"class":67},[61,114560,140],{"class":75},[61,114562,1419],{"class":143},[61,114564,1878],{"class":75},[61,114566,301],{"class":79},[61,114568,83],{"class":75},[61,114570,91],{"class":79},[61,114572,83],{"class":75},[61,114574,112],{"class":79},[61,114576,83],{"class":75},[61,114578,112],{"class":79},[61,114580,1887],{"class":75},[61,114582,114583],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114584,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114586,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114588,160],{"class":159},[61,114590,147],{"class":75},[61,114592,3929],{"class":143},[61,114594,153],{"class":75},[61,114596,114597],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114598,114133],{"class":173},[20,114600,11963],{},[29,114602,114603,114608,114615],{},[32,114604,114605,114607],{},[15,114606,301],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[32,114609,114610,700,114612,114614],{},[15,114611,107],{},[15,114613,788],{}," are added",[32,114616,114617,114618,114620],{},"The second ",[15,114619,788],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114622,114623,114624,114627],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[214,114625,114626],{"href":2201},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[47,114629,114631],{"id":114630},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114633,8044,114634,114636],{},[15,114635,1313],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[52,114638,114640],{"className":54,"code":114639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114641,114642,114663,114684,114688,114704,114708,114718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114643,114644,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114645,114646],{"class":67},"set_a ",[61,114648,72],{"class":71},[61,114650,76],{"class":75},[61,114652,80],{"class":79},[61,114654,83],{"class":75},[61,114656,86],{"class":79},[61,114658,83],{"class":75},[61,114660,91],{"class":79},[61,114662,94],{"class":75},[61,114664,114665,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114666,114667],{"class":67},"set_b ",[61,114669,72],{"class":71},[61,114671,76],{"class":75},[61,114673,107],{"class":79},[61,114675,83],{"class":75},[61,114677,112],{"class":79},[61,114679,83],{"class":75},[61,114681,117],{"class":79},[61,114683,94],{"class":75},[61,114685,114686],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114687,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114689,114690,114693,114695,114697,114699,114702],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114691,114692],{"class":67},"set_a",[61,114694,140],{"class":75},[61,114696,1419],{"class":143},[61,114698,147],{"class":75},[61,114700,114701],{"class":143},"set_b",[61,114703,153],{"class":75},[61,114705,114706],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114707,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114709,114710,114712,114714,114716],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,114711,160],{"class":159},[61,114713,147],{"class":75},[61,114715,114692],{"class":143},[61,114717,153],{"class":75},[61,114719,114720],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,114721,174],{"class":173},[20,114723,114724],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114726,114727,114728,140],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[214,114729,114730],{"href":103055},[15,114731,17],{},[52,114733,114735],{"className":54,"code":114734,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114736,114737,114757,114777,114781,114801,114805,114816,114820,114830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114738,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114740,114646],{"class":67},[61,114742,72],{"class":71},[61,114744,76],{"class":75},[61,114746,80],{"class":79},[61,114748,83],{"class":75},[61,114750,86],{"class":79},[61,114752,83],{"class":75},[61,114754,91],{"class":79},[61,114756,94],{"class":75},[61,114758,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114760,114667],{"class":67},[61,114762,72],{"class":71},[61,114764,76],{"class":75},[61,114766,107],{"class":79},[61,114768,83],{"class":75},[61,114770,112],{"class":79},[61,114772,83],{"class":75},[61,114774,117],{"class":79},[61,114776,94],{"class":75},[61,114778,114779],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114780,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114782,114783,114786,114788,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114784,114785],{"class":67},"combined ",[61,114787,72],{"class":71},[61,114789,114790],{"class":67}," set_a",[61,114792,140],{"class":75},[61,114794,144],{"class":143},[61,114796,147],{"class":75},[61,114798,114701],{"class":143},[61,114800,153],{"class":75},[61,114802,114803],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114804,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114806,114807,114809,114811,114814],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,114808,160],{"class":159},[61,114810,147],{"class":75},[61,114812,114813],{"class":143},"combined",[61,114815,153],{"class":75},[61,114817,114818],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,114819,174],{"class":173},[61,114821,114822,114824,114826,114828],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,114823,160],{"class":159},[61,114825,147],{"class":75},[61,114827,114692],{"class":143},[61,114829,153],{"class":75},[61,114831,114832],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,114833,114834],{"class":173},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,114836,114838],{"id":114837},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114840,65019,114841,114843],{},[15,114842,1313],{}," adds each character separately.",[52,114845,114847],{"className":54,"code":114846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114848,114849,114865,114883,114887,114897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114850,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114852,1028],{"class":67},[61,114854,72],{"class":71},[61,114856,76],{"class":75},[61,114858,504],{"class":503},[61,114860,2458],{"class":507},[61,114862,504],{"class":503},[61,114864,94],{"class":75},[61,114866,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114868,36419],{"class":67},[61,114870,140],{"class":75},[61,114872,1419],{"class":143},[61,114874,147],{"class":75},[61,114876,504],{"class":503},[61,114878,1218],{"class":507},[61,114880,504],{"class":503},[61,114882,153],{"class":75},[61,114884,114885],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114886,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114890,160],{"class":159},[61,114892,147],{"class":75},[61,114894,36419],{"class":143},[61,114896,153],{"class":75},[61,114898,114899],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114900,114901],{"class":173},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114903,114904],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114906,114907,14334,114910,114912,114913,114915],{},[15,114908,114909],{},"update(\"cat\")",[39,114911,4909],{}," add ",[15,114914,1286],{}," as one item. It adds:",[29,114917,114918,114922,114926],{},[32,114919,114920],{},[15,114921,1294],{},[32,114923,114924],{},[15,114925,1299],{},[32,114927,114928],{},[15,114929,1304],{},[20,114931,114932,114933,192],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[214,114934,114935],{"href":98773},[15,114936,96486],{},[52,114938,114940],{"className":54,"code":114939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114941,114942,114958,114976,114980,114990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114943,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114945,1778],{"class":67},[61,114947,72],{"class":71},[61,114949,76],{"class":75},[61,114951,504],{"class":503},[61,114953,1787],{"class":507},[61,114955,504],{"class":503},[61,114957,94],{"class":75},[61,114959,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114961,4394],{"class":67},[61,114963,140],{"class":75},[61,114965,82381],{"class":143},[61,114967,147],{"class":75},[61,114969,504],{"class":503},[61,114971,1218],{"class":507},[61,114973,504],{"class":503},[61,114975,153],{"class":75},[61,114977,114978],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,114979,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,114981,114982,114984,114986,114988],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,114983,160],{"class":159},[61,114985,147],{"class":75},[61,114987,4394],{"class":143},[61,114989,153],{"class":75},[61,114991,114992],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,114993,114994],{"class":173},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[47,114996,114998,1310,115000],{"id":114997},"update-vs-add",[15,114999,1313],{},[15,115001,96481],{},[20,115003,115004],{},"The difference is simple:",[29,115006,115007,115011],{},[32,115008,115009,97078],{},[15,115010,96481],{},[32,115012,115013,97083],{},[15,115014,1313],{},[20,115016,46320,115017,192],{},[15,115018,96481],{},[52,115020,115022],{"className":54,"code":115021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115023,115024,115040,115058,115062,115072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115025,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115027,36515],{"class":67},[61,115029,72],{"class":71},[61,115031,76],{"class":75},[61,115033,504],{"class":503},[61,115035,508],{"class":507},[61,115037,504],{"class":503},[61,115039,94],{"class":75},[61,115041,115042,115044,115046,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115043,36567],{"class":67},[61,115045,140],{"class":75},[61,115047,82381],{"class":143},[61,115049,147],{"class":75},[61,115051,504],{"class":503},[61,115053,518],{"class":507},[61,115055,504],{"class":503},[61,115057,153],{"class":75},[61,115059,115060],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115061,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115063,115064,115066,115068,115070],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115065,160],{"class":159},[61,115067,147],{"class":75},[61,115069,36567],{"class":143},[61,115071,153],{"class":75},[61,115073,115074],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115075,115076],{"class":173},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115078,46320,115079,192],{},[15,115080,1313],{},[52,115082,115084],{"className":54,"code":115083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115085,115086,115102,115128,115132,115142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115087,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115089,36515],{"class":67},[61,115091,72],{"class":71},[61,115093,76],{"class":75},[61,115095,504],{"class":503},[61,115097,508],{"class":507},[61,115099,504],{"class":503},[61,115101,94],{"class":75},[61,115103,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115105,36567],{"class":67},[61,115107,140],{"class":75},[61,115109,1419],{"class":143},[61,115111,1878],{"class":75},[61,115113,504],{"class":503},[61,115115,518],{"class":507},[61,115117,504],{"class":503},[61,115119,83],{"class":75},[61,115121,515],{"class":503},[61,115123,527],{"class":507},[61,115125,504],{"class":503},[61,115127,1887],{"class":75},[61,115129,115130],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115131,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115133,115134,115136,115138,115140],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115135,160],{"class":159},[61,115137,147],{"class":75},[61,115139,36567],{"class":143},[61,115141,153],{"class":75},[61,115143,115144],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115145,115146],{"class":173},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115148,115149],{},"Important warning with strings:",[52,115151,115153],{"className":54,"code":115152,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115154,115155,115171,115189,115193,115203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115156,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115158,36515],{"class":67},[61,115160,72],{"class":71},[61,115162,76],{"class":75},[61,115164,504],{"class":503},[61,115166,508],{"class":507},[61,115168,504],{"class":503},[61,115170,94],{"class":75},[61,115172,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115174,36567],{"class":67},[61,115176,140],{"class":75},[61,115178,1419],{"class":143},[61,115180,147],{"class":75},[61,115182,504],{"class":503},[61,115184,38618],{"class":507},[61,115186,504],{"class":503},[61,115188,153],{"class":75},[61,115190,115191],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115192,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115194,115195,115197,115199,115201],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115196,160],{"class":159},[61,115198,147],{"class":75},[61,115200,36567],{"class":143},[61,115202,153],{"class":75},[61,115204,115205],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115206,115207],{"class":173},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115209,62387,115210,62460,115213,6910],{},[15,115211,115212],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115214,96481],{},[47,115216,115218,1310,115220],{"id":115217},"update-vs-union",[15,115219,1313],{},[15,115221,179],{},[20,115223,115224],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[887,115226,115227],{"id":1419},[15,115228,1313],{},[29,115230,115231,115234],{},[32,115232,115233],{},"Changes the existing set",[32,115235,11704,115236],{},[15,115237,4058],{},[52,115239,115241],{"className":54,"code":115240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115242,115243,115259,115275,115279,115293,115303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115244,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115246,37],{"class":67},[61,115248,72],{"class":71},[61,115250,76],{"class":75},[61,115252,80],{"class":79},[61,115254,83],{"class":75},[61,115256,86],{"class":79},[61,115258,94],{"class":75},[61,115260,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115262,294],{"class":67},[61,115264,72],{"class":71},[61,115266,76],{"class":75},[61,115268,301],{"class":79},[61,115270,83],{"class":75},[61,115272,91],{"class":79},[61,115274,94],{"class":75},[61,115276,115277],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115278,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115280,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115282,214],{"class":67},[61,115284,140],{"class":75},[61,115286,1419],{"class":143},[61,115288,147],{"class":75},[61,115290,329],{"class":143},[61,115292,153],{"class":75},[61,115294,115295,115297,115299,115301],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115296,160],{"class":159},[61,115298,147],{"class":75},[61,115300,214],{"class":143},[61,115302,153],{"class":75},[61,115304,115305],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,115306,114834],{"class":173},[887,115308,115309],{"id":144},[15,115310,179],{},[29,115312,115313,115315],{},[32,115314,101599],{},[32,115316,101602],{},[52,115318,115320],{"className":54,"code":115319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115321,115322,115338,115354,115358,115376,115386,115390,115400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115323,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334,115336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115325,37],{"class":67},[61,115327,72],{"class":71},[61,115329,76],{"class":75},[61,115331,80],{"class":79},[61,115333,83],{"class":75},[61,115335,86],{"class":79},[61,115337,94],{"class":75},[61,115339,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115341,294],{"class":67},[61,115343,72],{"class":71},[61,115345,76],{"class":75},[61,115347,301],{"class":79},[61,115349,83],{"class":75},[61,115351,91],{"class":79},[61,115353,94],{"class":75},[61,115355,115356],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115357,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115361,83461],{"class":67},[61,115363,72],{"class":71},[61,115365,320],{"class":67},[61,115367,140],{"class":75},[61,115369,144],{"class":143},[61,115371,147],{"class":75},[61,115373,329],{"class":143},[61,115375,153],{"class":75},[61,115377,115378,115380,115382,115384],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115379,160],{"class":159},[61,115381,147],{"class":75},[61,115383,1071],{"class":143},[61,115385,153],{"class":75},[61,115387,115388],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,115389,114834],{"class":173},[61,115391,115392,115394,115396,115398],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,115393,160],{"class":159},[61,115395,147],{"class":75},[61,115397,214],{"class":143},[61,115399,153],{"class":75},[61,115401,115402],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,115403,115404],{"class":173},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115406,107942,115407,115409,115410,115414],{},[15,115408,1313],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[214,115411,115412],{"href":103055},[15,115413,179],{}," when you want a new set.",[47,115416,115418],{"id":115417},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115420,11027,115421,140],{},[15,115422,1515],{},[887,115424,115426],{"id":115425},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115428,115429],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[52,115431,115433],{"className":54,"code":115432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115434,115435,115451,115473,115477,115487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115436,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115438,1914],{"class":67},[61,115440,72],{"class":71},[61,115442,76],{"class":75},[61,115444,80],{"class":79},[61,115446,83],{"class":75},[61,115448,86],{"class":79},[61,115450,94],{"class":75},[61,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115454,132],{"class":67},[61,115456,72],{"class":71},[61,115458,1975],{"class":67},[61,115460,140],{"class":75},[61,115462,1419],{"class":143},[61,115464,1878],{"class":75},[61,115466,107],{"class":79},[61,115468,83],{"class":75},[61,115470,112],{"class":79},[61,115472,1887],{"class":75},[61,115474,115475],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115476,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115478,115479,115481,115483,115485],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115480,160],{"class":159},[61,115482,147],{"class":75},[61,115484,165],{"class":143},[61,115486,153],{"class":75},[61,115488,115489],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115490,62112],{"class":173},[20,115492,115493,115494,192],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115495,1313],{},[52,115497,115499],{"className":54,"code":115498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115500,115501,115517,115535,115539,115549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115502,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115504,1914],{"class":67},[61,115506,72],{"class":71},[61,115508,76],{"class":75},[61,115510,80],{"class":79},[61,115512,83],{"class":75},[61,115514,86],{"class":79},[61,115516,94],{"class":75},[61,115518,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115520,2060],{"class":67},[61,115522,140],{"class":75},[61,115524,1419],{"class":143},[61,115526,1878],{"class":75},[61,115528,107],{"class":79},[61,115530,83],{"class":75},[61,115532,112],{"class":79},[61,115534,1887],{"class":75},[61,115536,115537],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115538,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115542,160],{"class":159},[61,115544,147],{"class":75},[61,115546,2060],{"class":143},[61,115548,153],{"class":75},[61,115550,115551],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115552,114133],{"class":173},[887,115554,115556],{"id":115555},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115558,1904],{},[52,115560,115562],{"className":54,"code":115561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115563,115564,115580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115565,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115567,1914],{"class":67},[61,115569,72],{"class":71},[61,115571,76],{"class":75},[61,115573,80],{"class":79},[61,115575,83],{"class":75},[61,115577,86],{"class":79},[61,115579,94],{"class":75},[61,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115583,2060],{"class":67},[61,115585,140],{"class":75},[61,115587,1419],{"class":143},[61,115589,147],{"class":75},[61,115591,1013],{"class":79},[61,115593,153],{"class":75},[20,115595,62566,115596,8884,115598,115600],{},[15,115597,3285],{},[15,115599,1013],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115602,6833],{},[52,115604,115606],{"className":54,"code":115605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115607,115608,115624,115638,115642,115652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115609,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115611,1914],{"class":67},[61,115613,72],{"class":71},[61,115615,76],{"class":75},[61,115617,80],{"class":79},[61,115619,83],{"class":75},[61,115621,86],{"class":79},[61,115623,94],{"class":75},[61,115625,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115627,2060],{"class":67},[61,115629,140],{"class":75},[61,115631,1419],{"class":143},[61,115633,1878],{"class":75},[61,115635,1013],{"class":79},[61,115637,1887],{"class":75},[61,115639,115640],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115641,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115643,115644,115646,115648,115650],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115645,160],{"class":159},[61,115647,147],{"class":75},[61,115649,2060],{"class":143},[61,115651,153],{"class":75},[61,115653,115654],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115655,115656],{"class":173},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115658,46193,115659,140],{},[214,115660,25955,115661],{"href":52882},[15,115662,115663],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[887,115665,115667],{"id":115666},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115669,115670],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[52,115672,115674],{"className":54,"code":115673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115675,115676,115692,115718,115722,115732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115677,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115679,1914],{"class":67},[61,115681,72],{"class":71},[61,115683,76],{"class":75},[61,115685,80],{"class":79},[61,115687,83],{"class":75},[61,115689,86],{"class":79},[61,115691,94],{"class":75},[61,115693,115694,115696,115698,115700,115702,115704,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115695,2060],{"class":67},[61,115697,140],{"class":75},[61,115699,1419],{"class":143},[61,115701,1878],{"class":75},[61,115703,301],{"class":79},[61,115705,83],{"class":75},[61,115707,86],{"class":79},[61,115709,83],{"class":75},[61,115711,86],{"class":79},[61,115713,83],{"class":75},[61,115715,91],{"class":79},[61,115717,1887],{"class":75},[61,115719,115720],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115721,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115723,115724,115726,115728,115730],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115725,160],{"class":159},[61,115727,147],{"class":75},[61,115729,2060],{"class":143},[61,115731,153],{"class":75},[61,115733,115734],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115735,114834],{"class":173},[887,115737,115739,115740,44909,115742,115744],{"id":115738},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115741,1313],{},[15,115743,96481],{}," is better",[20,115746,115747,115748,115750],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115749,96481],{}," is usually the better choice.",[52,115752,115754],{"className":54,"code":115753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115755,115756,115772,115790,115794,115804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115757,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115759,1914],{"class":67},[61,115761,72],{"class":71},[61,115763,76],{"class":75},[61,115765,504],{"class":503},[61,115767,1787],{"class":507},[61,115769,504],{"class":503},[61,115771,94],{"class":75},[61,115773,115774,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115775,2060],{"class":67},[61,115777,140],{"class":75},[61,115779,82381],{"class":143},[61,115781,147],{"class":75},[61,115783,504],{"class":503},[61,115785,1218],{"class":507},[61,115787,504],{"class":503},[61,115789,153],{"class":75},[61,115791,115792],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,115793,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,115795,115796,115798,115800,115802],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,115797,160],{"class":159},[61,115799,147],{"class":75},[61,115801,2060],{"class":143},[61,115803,153],{"class":75},[61,115805,115806],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,115807,114994],{"class":173},[47,115809,2109],{"id":2108},[887,115811,2113,115813,97568],{"id":115812},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115814,1515],{},[20,115816,97571,115817,140],{},[15,115818,4058],{},[887,115820,2133,115821,32501],{"id":32498},[15,115822,1313],{},[20,115824,115825],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[887,115827,2153,115829,700,115831,2159],{"id":115828},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115830,96481],{},[15,115832,1313],{},[20,115834,115835,115837,115838,115840],{},[15,115836,96481],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115839,1313],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[887,115842,115844],{"id":115843},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115846,115847,115848,114843],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115849,1313],{},[887,115851,115853],{"id":115852},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115855,1503,115856,11372,115858,140],{},[15,115857,179],{},[15,115859,1313],{},[47,115861,2172],{"id":2171},[29,115863,115864,115871,115878,115884,115890],{},[32,115865,115866],{},[214,115867,115868],{"href":98773},[15,115869,115870],{},"Python set add() method",[32,115872,115873],{},[214,115874,115875],{"href":103055},[15,115876,115877],{},"Python set union() method",[32,115879,115880],{},[214,115881,115882],{"href":98156},[15,115883,97612],{},[32,115885,115886],{},[214,115887,115888],{"href":2201},[15,115889,2202],{},[32,115891,115892],{},[214,115893,115894,115896],{"href":52882},[15,115895,115663],{}," fix",[20,115898,115899,115900,115902,115903,115905],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115901,96486],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115904,17],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2204,115907,115908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":115910},[115911,115912,115914,115915,115916,115917,115918,115919,115921,115926,115933,115942],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":114141,"depth":97,"text":115913},"What set.update() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":344,"depth":97,"text":345},{"id":114527,"depth":97,"text":114528},{"id":114630,"depth":97,"text":114631},{"id":114837,"depth":97,"text":114838},{"id":114997,"depth":97,"text":115920},"update() vs add()",{"id":115217,"depth":97,"text":115922,"children":115923},"update() vs union()",[115924,115925],{"id":1419,"depth":122,"text":1313},{"id":144,"depth":122,"text":179},{"id":115417,"depth":97,"text":115418,"children":115927},[115928,115929,115930,115931],{"id":115425,"depth":122,"text":115426},{"id":115555,"depth":122,"text":115556},{"id":115666,"depth":122,"text":115667},{"id":115738,"depth":122,"text":115932},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":115934},[115935,115937,115938,115940,115941],{"id":115812,"depth":122,"text":115936},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32498,"depth":122,"text":32571},{"id":115828,"depth":122,"text":115939},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115843,"depth":122,"text":115844},{"id":115852,"depth":122,"text":115853},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114053,"description":115943},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115949,"title":115950,"body":115951,"description":117717,"extension":2249,"meta":117718,"navigation":125,"path":14070,"seo":117719,"stem":117720,"__hash__":117721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115952,"toc":117692},[115953,115956,115959,115962,115973,115981,115984,115986,116135,116147,116151,116168,116172,116180,116182,116193,116195,116292,116298,116301,116397,116406,116411,116415,116420,116422,116432,116434,116543,116551,116555,116558,116561,116578,116584,116664,116667,116671,116674,116678,116681,116740,116743,116747,116750,116842,116846,116849,116956,116960,116966,116994,116996,117078,117088,117092,117095,117106,117109,117194,117197,117202,117206,117209,117220,117223,117365,117368,117372,117375,117389,117392,117453,117459,117461,117464,117486,117489,117589,117592,117624,117626,117630,117633,117635,117638,117642,117645,117649,117652,117656,117659,117661,117689],[10,115954,115950],{"id":115955},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115957,115958],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115960,115961],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[29,115963,115964,115967,115970],{},[32,115965,115966],{},"a list inside another list",[32,115968,115969],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[32,115971,115972],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115974,100537,115975,700,115977,115980],{},[39,115976,13131],{},[39,115978,115979],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115982,115983],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[47,115985,50],{"id":49},[52,115987,115989],{"className":54,"code":115988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115990,115991,115998,116002,116028,116048,116068,116072,116090,116094,116107,116121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115992,115993,115995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115994,35366],{"class":4158},[61,115996,115997],{"class":67}," copy\n",[61,115999,116000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116001,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116003,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116005,12366],{"class":67},[61,116007,72],{"class":71},[61,116009,56577],{"class":75},[61,116011,80],{"class":79},[61,116013,83],{"class":75},[61,116015,86],{"class":79},[61,116017,18342],{"class":75},[61,116019,926],{"class":75},[61,116021,107],{"class":79},[61,116023,83],{"class":75},[61,116025,112],{"class":79},[61,116027,53525],{"class":75},[61,116029,116030,116033,116035,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116031,116032],{"class":67},"shallow ",[61,116034,72],{"class":71},[61,116036,116037],{"class":67}," copy",[61,116039,140],{"class":75},[61,116041,13192],{"class":143},[61,116043,147],{"class":75},[61,116045,12413],{"class":143},[61,116047,153],{"class":75},[61,116049,116050,116053,116055,116057,116059,116062,116064,116066],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116051,116052],{"class":67},"deep ",[61,116054,72],{"class":71},[61,116056,116037],{"class":67},[61,116058,140],{"class":75},[61,116060,116061],{"class":143},"deepcopy",[61,116063,147],{"class":75},[61,116065,12413],{"class":143},[61,116067,153],{"class":75},[61,116069,116070],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116071,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116073,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116075,12413],{"class":67},[61,116077,4182],{"class":75},[61,116079,2405],{"class":79},[61,116081,13831],{"class":75},[61,116083,13834],{"class":143},[61,116085,147],{"class":75},[61,116087,56630],{"class":79},[61,116089,153],{"class":75},[61,116091,116092],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,116093,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116095,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,116097,160],{"class":159},[61,116099,147],{"class":75},[61,116101,12413],{"class":143},[61,116103,442],{"class":75},[61,116105,116106],{"class":173},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116108,116109,116111,116113,116116,116118],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,116110,160],{"class":159},[61,116112,147],{"class":75},[61,116114,116115],{"class":143},"shallow",[61,116117,442],{"class":75},[61,116119,116120],{"class":173},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116122,116123,116125,116127,116130,116132],{"class":63,"line":11874},[61,116124,160],{"class":159},[61,116126,147],{"class":75},[61,116128,116129],{"class":143},"deep",[61,116131,442],{"class":75},[61,116133,116134],{"class":173},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116136,1503,116137,116140,116141,700,116143,116146],{},[15,116138,116139],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[39,116142,13131],{},[15,116144,116145],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[47,116148,116150],{"id":116149},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[29,116152,116153,116156,116159,116162,116165],{},[32,116154,116155],{},"What a copy means in Python",[32,116157,116158],{},"How shallow copy works",[32,116160,116161],{},"How deep copy works",[32,116163,116164],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[32,116166,116167],{},"When to use each approach",[47,116169,116171],{"id":116170},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116173,15469,116174,116176,116177,116179],{},[39,116175,13131],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[39,116178,4909],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116181,2392],{},[29,116183,116184,116187,116190],{},[32,116185,116186],{},"the outer container is new",[32,116188,116189],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[32,116191,116192],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116194,368],{},[52,116196,116198],{"className":54,"code":116197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116199,116200,116226,116240,116244,116262,116266,116279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116201,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116203,12366],{"class":67},[61,116205,72],{"class":71},[61,116207,56577],{"class":75},[61,116209,80],{"class":79},[61,116211,83],{"class":75},[61,116213,86],{"class":79},[61,116215,18342],{"class":75},[61,116217,926],{"class":75},[61,116219,107],{"class":79},[61,116221,83],{"class":75},[61,116223,112],{"class":79},[61,116225,53525],{"class":75},[61,116227,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116229,14592],{"class":67},[61,116231,72],{"class":71},[61,116233,12441],{"class":67},[61,116235,140],{"class":75},[61,116237,13192],{"class":143},[61,116239,8926],{"class":75},[61,116241,116242],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116243,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116245,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116247,14611],{"class":67},[61,116249,140],{"class":75},[61,116251,13834],{"class":143},[61,116253,1878],{"class":75},[61,116255,1013],{"class":79},[61,116257,83],{"class":75},[61,116259,37920],{"class":79},[61,116261,1887],{"class":75},[61,116263,116264],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116265,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116269,160],{"class":159},[61,116271,147],{"class":75},[61,116273,12413],{"class":143},[61,116275,442],{"class":75},[61,116277,116278],{"class":173},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116282,160],{"class":159},[61,116284,147],{"class":75},[61,116286,14611],{"class":143},[61,116288,442],{"class":75},[61,116290,116291],{"class":173},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116293,116294,116295,116297],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116296,14611],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116299,116300],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[52,116302,116304],{"className":54,"code":116303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116305,116306,116332,116346,116350,116368,116372,116384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116307,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116309,12366],{"class":67},[61,116311,72],{"class":71},[61,116313,56577],{"class":75},[61,116315,80],{"class":79},[61,116317,83],{"class":75},[61,116319,86],{"class":79},[61,116321,18342],{"class":75},[61,116323,926],{"class":75},[61,116325,107],{"class":79},[61,116327,83],{"class":75},[61,116329,112],{"class":79},[61,116331,53525],{"class":75},[61,116333,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116335,14592],{"class":67},[61,116337,72],{"class":71},[61,116339,12441],{"class":67},[61,116341,140],{"class":75},[61,116343,13192],{"class":143},[61,116345,8926],{"class":75},[61,116347,116348],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116349,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116351,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116353,14611],{"class":67},[61,116355,4182],{"class":75},[61,116357,2405],{"class":79},[61,116359,13831],{"class":75},[61,116361,13834],{"class":143},[61,116363,147],{"class":75},[61,116365,56630],{"class":79},[61,116367,153],{"class":75},[61,116369,116370],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116371,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116373,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116375,160],{"class":159},[61,116377,147],{"class":75},[61,116379,12413],{"class":143},[61,116381,442],{"class":75},[61,116383,116106],{"class":173},[61,116385,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116387,160],{"class":159},[61,116389,147],{"class":75},[61,116391,14611],{"class":143},[61,116393,442],{"class":75},[61,116395,116396],{"class":173},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116398,116399,116400,700,116402,116405],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116401,56734],{},[15,116403,116404],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116407,116408,116409,140],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[214,116410,44215],{"href":12345},[47,116412,116414],{"id":116413},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116416,15469,116417,116419],{},[39,116418,115979],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116421,2392],{},[29,116423,116424,116426,116429],{},[32,116425,116186],{},[32,116427,116428],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[32,116430,116431],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116433,368],{},[52,116435,116437],{"className":54,"code":116436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116438,116439,116445,116449,116475,116493,116497,116515,116519,116531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116440,116441,116443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116442,35366],{"class":4158},[61,116444,115997],{"class":67},[61,116446,116447],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116448,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116450,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116452,12366],{"class":67},[61,116454,72],{"class":71},[61,116456,56577],{"class":75},[61,116458,80],{"class":79},[61,116460,83],{"class":75},[61,116462,86],{"class":79},[61,116464,18342],{"class":75},[61,116466,926],{"class":75},[61,116468,107],{"class":79},[61,116470,83],{"class":75},[61,116472,112],{"class":79},[61,116474,53525],{"class":75},[61,116476,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116478,14592],{"class":67},[61,116480,72],{"class":71},[61,116482,116037],{"class":67},[61,116484,140],{"class":75},[61,116486,116061],{"class":143},[61,116488,147],{"class":75},[61,116490,12413],{"class":143},[61,116492,153],{"class":75},[61,116494,116495],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116496,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116498,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116500,14611],{"class":67},[61,116502,4182],{"class":75},[61,116504,2405],{"class":79},[61,116506,13831],{"class":75},[61,116508,13834],{"class":143},[61,116510,147],{"class":75},[61,116512,56630],{"class":79},[61,116514,153],{"class":75},[61,116516,116517],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116518,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116520,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,116522,160],{"class":159},[61,116524,147],{"class":75},[61,116526,12413],{"class":143},[61,116528,442],{"class":75},[61,116530,116278],{"class":173},[61,116532,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,116534,160],{"class":159},[61,116536,147],{"class":75},[61,116538,14611],{"class":143},[61,116540,442],{"class":75},[61,116542,116396],{"class":173},[20,116544,116545,116546,116548,116549,140],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116547,116404],{}," does not change ",[15,116550,56734],{},[47,116552,116554],{"id":116553},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116556,116557],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116559,116560],{},"Common reasons:",[29,116562,116563,116566,116569,116575],{},[32,116564,116565],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[32,116567,116568],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[32,116570,116571,116572,116574],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116573,72],{}," does not make a copy",[32,116576,116577],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116579,116580,116581,116583],{},"For example, this does ",[39,116582,4909],{}," create a copy:",[52,116585,116587],{"className":54,"code":116586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116588,116589,116609,116617,116621,116635,116639,116651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116592,12366],{"class":67},[61,116594,72],{"class":71},[61,116596,926],{"class":75},[61,116598,80],{"class":79},[61,116600,83],{"class":75},[61,116602,86],{"class":79},[61,116604,83],{"class":75},[61,116606,91],{"class":79},[61,116608,943],{"class":75},[61,116610,116611,116613,116615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116612,14592],{"class":67},[61,116614,72],{"class":71},[61,116616,12404],{"class":67},[61,116618,116619],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116620,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116622,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116624,14611],{"class":67},[61,116626,140],{"class":75},[61,116628,13834],{"class":143},[61,116630,147],{"class":75},[61,116632,788],{"class":79},[61,116634,153],{"class":75},[61,116636,116637],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116638,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116642,160],{"class":159},[61,116644,147],{"class":75},[61,116646,12413],{"class":143},[61,116648,442],{"class":75},[61,116650,55984],{"class":173},[61,116652,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116654,160],{"class":159},[61,116656,147],{"class":75},[61,116658,14611],{"class":143},[61,116660,442],{"class":75},[61,116662,116663],{"class":173},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116665,116666],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[47,116668,116670],{"id":116669},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116672,116673],{},"These three ideas are different.",[887,116675,116677],{"id":116676},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116679,116680],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[52,116682,116684],{"className":54,"code":116683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116685,116686,116712,116720,116724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116687,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116689,12366],{"class":67},[61,116691,72],{"class":71},[61,116693,56577],{"class":75},[61,116695,80],{"class":79},[61,116697,83],{"class":75},[61,116699,86],{"class":79},[61,116701,18342],{"class":75},[61,116703,926],{"class":75},[61,116705,107],{"class":79},[61,116707,83],{"class":75},[61,116709,112],{"class":79},[61,116711,53525],{"class":75},[61,116713,116714,116716,116718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116715,14383],{"class":67},[61,116717,72],{"class":71},[61,116719,12404],{"class":67},[61,116721,116722],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116723,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116727,160],{"class":159},[61,116729,147],{"class":75},[61,116731,12366],{"class":143},[61,116733,12474],{"class":4158},[61,116735,14451],{"class":143},[61,116737,442],{"class":75},[61,116739,3944],{"class":173},[20,116741,116742],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[887,116744,116746],{"id":116745},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116748,116749],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[52,116751,116753],{"className":54,"code":116752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116754,116755,116781,116795,116799,116816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116756,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116758,12366],{"class":67},[61,116760,72],{"class":71},[61,116762,56577],{"class":75},[61,116764,80],{"class":79},[61,116766,83],{"class":75},[61,116768,86],{"class":79},[61,116770,18342],{"class":75},[61,116772,926],{"class":75},[61,116774,107],{"class":79},[61,116776,83],{"class":75},[61,116778,112],{"class":79},[61,116780,53525],{"class":75},[61,116782,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116784,116032],{"class":67},[61,116786,72],{"class":71},[61,116788,12441],{"class":67},[61,116790,140],{"class":75},[61,116792,13192],{"class":143},[61,116794,8926],{"class":75},[61,116796,116797],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116798,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116812,116814],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116802,160],{"class":159},[61,116804,147],{"class":75},[61,116806,12366],{"class":143},[61,116808,12474],{"class":4158},[61,116810,116811],{"class":143}," shallow",[61,116813,442],{"class":75},[61,116815,21479],{"class":173},[61,116817,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116819,160],{"class":159},[61,116821,147],{"class":75},[61,116823,12413],{"class":143},[61,116825,4182],{"class":75},[61,116827,2405],{"class":79},[61,116829,13554],{"class":75},[61,116831,8380],{"class":4158},[61,116833,116811],{"class":143},[61,116835,4182],{"class":75},[61,116837,2405],{"class":79},[61,116839,20725],{"class":75},[61,116841,3944],{"class":173},[887,116843,116845],{"id":116844},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116847,116848],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[52,116850,116852],{"className":54,"code":116851,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116853,116854,116860,116864,116890,116908,116912,116930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116855,116856,116858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116857,35366],{"class":4158},[61,116859,115997],{"class":67},[61,116861,116862],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116863,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116865,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,116867,12366],{"class":67},[61,116869,72],{"class":71},[61,116871,56577],{"class":75},[61,116873,80],{"class":79},[61,116875,83],{"class":75},[61,116877,86],{"class":79},[61,116879,18342],{"class":75},[61,116881,926],{"class":75},[61,116883,107],{"class":79},[61,116885,83],{"class":75},[61,116887,112],{"class":79},[61,116889,53525],{"class":75},[61,116891,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,116893,116052],{"class":67},[61,116895,72],{"class":71},[61,116897,116037],{"class":67},[61,116899,140],{"class":75},[61,116901,116061],{"class":143},[61,116903,147],{"class":75},[61,116905,12413],{"class":143},[61,116907,153],{"class":75},[61,116909,116910],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,116911,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,116913,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116925,116927],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,116915,160],{"class":159},[61,116917,147],{"class":75},[61,116919,12366],{"class":143},[61,116921,12474],{"class":4158},[61,116923,116924],{"class":143}," deep",[61,116926,442],{"class":75},[61,116928,116929],{"class":173},"         # False\n",[61,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,116933,160],{"class":159},[61,116935,147],{"class":75},[61,116937,12413],{"class":143},[61,116939,4182],{"class":75},[61,116941,2405],{"class":79},[61,116943,13554],{"class":75},[61,116945,8380],{"class":4158},[61,116947,116924],{"class":143},[61,116949,4182],{"class":75},[61,116951,2405],{"class":79},[61,116953,20725],{"class":75},[61,116955,44151],{"class":173},[47,116957,116959],{"id":116958},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116961,116962,116963,192],{},"These all make ",[39,116964,116965],{},"shallow copies",[29,116967,116968,116972,116976,116981,116987],{},[32,116969,116970],{},[15,116971,55884],{},[32,116973,116974],{},[15,116975,12715],{},[32,116977,116978],{},[15,116979,116980],{},"set.copy()",[32,116982,116983,116984],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116985,116986],{},"my_list[:]",[32,116988,116989,116991,116992,35356],{},[15,116990,116139],{}," from the ",[15,116993,13192],{},[20,116995,2411],{},[52,116997,116999],{"className":54,"code":116998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117000,117001,117021,117025,117039,117050,117054,117066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117004,900],{"class":67},[61,117006,72],{"class":71},[61,117008,926],{"class":75},[61,117010,80],{"class":79},[61,117012,83],{"class":75},[61,117014,86],{"class":79},[61,117016,83],{"class":75},[61,117018,91],{"class":79},[61,117020,943],{"class":75},[61,117022,117023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117024,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117026,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117028,37],{"class":67},[61,117030,72],{"class":71},[61,117032,956],{"class":67},[61,117034,140],{"class":75},[61,117036,13192],{"class":143},[61,117038,8926],{"class":75},[61,117040,117041,117043,117045,117047],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117042,294],{"class":67},[61,117044,72],{"class":71},[61,117046,956],{"class":67},[61,117048,117049],{"class":75},"[:]\n",[61,117051,117052],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117053,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117055,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,117057,160],{"class":159},[61,117059,147],{"class":75},[61,117061,214],{"class":143},[61,117063,442],{"class":75},[61,117065,55215],{"class":173},[61,117067,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,117069,160],{"class":159},[61,117071,147],{"class":75},[61,117073,329],{"class":143},[61,117075,442],{"class":75},[61,117077,55215],{"class":173},[20,117079,73416,117080,47814,117084,140],{},[214,117081,117082,1516],{"href":55243},[15,117083,55884],{},[214,117085,117086,1516],{"href":12712},[15,117087,12715],{},[47,117089,117091],{"id":117090},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117093,117094],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[29,117096,117097,117100,117103],{},[32,117098,117099],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[32,117101,117102],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[32,117104,117105],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117107,117108],{},"Example with a flat list:",[52,117110,117112],{"className":54,"code":117111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117113,117114,117134,117148,117152,117166,117170,117182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117115,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117117,12366],{"class":67},[61,117119,72],{"class":71},[61,117121,926],{"class":75},[61,117123,80],{"class":79},[61,117125,83],{"class":75},[61,117127,86],{"class":79},[61,117129,83],{"class":75},[61,117131,91],{"class":79},[61,117133,943],{"class":75},[61,117135,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117137,14592],{"class":67},[61,117139,72],{"class":71},[61,117141,12441],{"class":67},[61,117143,140],{"class":75},[61,117145,13192],{"class":143},[61,117147,8926],{"class":75},[61,117149,117150],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117151,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117153,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117155,14611],{"class":67},[61,117157,140],{"class":75},[61,117159,13834],{"class":143},[61,117161,147],{"class":75},[61,117163,788],{"class":79},[61,117165,153],{"class":75},[61,117167,117168],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117169,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117171,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,117173,160],{"class":159},[61,117175,147],{"class":75},[61,117177,12413],{"class":143},[61,117179,442],{"class":75},[61,117181,55215],{"class":173},[61,117183,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,117185,160],{"class":159},[61,117187,147],{"class":75},[61,117189,14611],{"class":143},[61,117191,442],{"class":75},[61,117193,116663],{"class":173},[20,117195,117196],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117198,117199,117200,140],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[214,117201,15169],{"href":57502},[47,117203,117205],{"id":117204},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117207,117208],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[29,117210,117211,117214,117217],{},[32,117212,117213],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[32,117215,117216],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[32,117218,117219],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117221,117222],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[52,117224,117226],{"className":54,"code":117225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117227,117228,117234,117238,117264,117278,117296,117300,117322,117326,117339,117352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117229,117230,117232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117231,35366],{"class":4158},[61,117233,115997],{"class":67},[61,117235,117236],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117237,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117239,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117241,12366],{"class":67},[61,117243,72],{"class":71},[61,117245,76],{"class":75},[61,117247,504],{"class":503},[61,117249,16668],{"class":507},[61,117251,504],{"class":503},[61,117253,192],{"class":75},[61,117255,926],{"class":75},[61,117257,2613],{"class":79},[61,117259,83],{"class":75},[61,117261,8072],{"class":79},[61,117263,1937],{"class":75},[61,117265,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117267,116032],{"class":67},[61,117269,72],{"class":71},[61,117271,12441],{"class":67},[61,117273,140],{"class":75},[61,117275,13192],{"class":143},[61,117277,8926],{"class":75},[61,117279,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117281,116052],{"class":67},[61,117283,72],{"class":71},[61,117285,116037],{"class":67},[61,117287,140],{"class":75},[61,117289,116061],{"class":143},[61,117291,147],{"class":75},[61,117293,12413],{"class":143},[61,117295,153],{"class":75},[61,117297,117298],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,117299,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117301,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,117303,12413],{"class":67},[61,117305,4182],{"class":75},[61,117307,504],{"class":503},[61,117309,16668],{"class":507},[61,117311,504],{"class":503},[61,117313,13831],{"class":75},[61,117315,13834],{"class":143},[61,117317,147],{"class":75},[61,117319,37118],{"class":79},[61,117321,153],{"class":75},[61,117323,117324],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,117325,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117327,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,117329,160],{"class":159},[61,117331,147],{"class":75},[61,117333,12413],{"class":143},[61,117335,442],{"class":75},[61,117337,117338],{"class":173},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117340,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349],{"class":63,"line":6715},[61,117342,160],{"class":159},[61,117344,147],{"class":75},[61,117346,116115],{"class":143},[61,117348,442],{"class":75},[61,117350,117351],{"class":173},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117353,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":63,"line":11874},[61,117355,160],{"class":159},[61,117357,147],{"class":75},[61,117359,116129],{"class":143},[61,117361,442],{"class":75},[61,117363,117364],{"class":173},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117366,117367],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[47,117369,117371],{"id":117370},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117373,117374],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[29,117376,117377,117380,117383,117386],{},[32,117378,117379],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[32,117381,117382],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[32,117384,117385],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[32,117387,117388],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117390,117391],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[52,117393,117395],{"className":54,"code":117394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117396,117397,117405,117413,117417,117425,117429,117441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117398,117399,117401,117403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117400,37],{"class":67},[61,117402,72],{"class":71},[61,117404,2867],{"class":79},[61,117406,117407,117409,117411],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117408,294],{"class":67},[61,117410,72],{"class":71},[61,117412,36451],{"class":67},[61,117414,117415],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117416,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117418,117419,117421,117423],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117420,294],{"class":67},[61,117422,72],{"class":71},[61,117424,14895],{"class":79},[61,117426,117427],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117428,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117430,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,117432,160],{"class":159},[61,117434,147],{"class":75},[61,117436,214],{"class":143},[61,117438,442],{"class":75},[61,117440,27071],{"class":173},[61,117442,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,117444,160],{"class":159},[61,117446,147],{"class":75},[61,117448,329],{"class":143},[61,117450,442],{"class":75},[61,117452,27892],{"class":173},[20,117454,93786,117455,117458],{},[214,117456,117457],{"href":12345},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[47,117460,3111],{"id":3110},[20,117462,117463],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[29,117465,117466,117470,117475,117480,117483],{},[32,117467,716,117468,57067],{},[15,117469,72],{},[32,117471,716,117472,117474],{},[15,117473,55884],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[32,117476,716,117477,117479],{},[15,117478,12715],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[32,117481,117482],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[32,117484,117485],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117487,117488],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[52,117490,117492],{"className":54,"code":117491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117493,117494,117508,117522,117544,117575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117497,160],{"class":159},[61,117499,147],{"class":75},[61,117501,12366],{"class":143},[61,117503,12474],{"class":4158},[61,117505,14665],{"class":143},[61,117507,153],{"class":75},[61,117509,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117511,160],{"class":159},[61,117513,147],{"class":75},[61,117515,12366],{"class":143},[61,117517,4967],{"class":71},[61,117519,14665],{"class":143},[61,117521,153],{"class":75},[61,117523,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540,117542],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117525,160],{"class":159},[61,117527,147],{"class":75},[61,117529,12930],{"class":159},[61,117531,147],{"class":75},[61,117533,12413],{"class":143},[61,117535,9517],{"class":75},[61,117537,15097],{"class":159},[61,117539,147],{"class":75},[61,117541,14611],{"class":143},[61,117543,1761],{"class":75},[61,117545,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117547,160],{"class":159},[61,117549,147],{"class":75},[61,117551,12930],{"class":159},[61,117553,147],{"class":75},[61,117555,12413],{"class":143},[61,117557,4182],{"class":75},[61,117559,2405],{"class":79},[61,117561,117562],{"class":75},"]),",[61,117564,15097],{"class":159},[61,117566,147],{"class":75},[61,117568,14611],{"class":143},[61,117570,4182],{"class":75},[61,117572,2405],{"class":79},[61,117574,3279],{"class":75},[61,117576,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117578,160],{"class":159},[61,117580,147],{"class":75},[61,117582,2072],{"class":2071},[61,117584,147],{"class":75},[61,117586,12413],{"class":143},[61,117588,1761],{"class":75},[20,117590,117591],{},"What they tell you:",[29,117593,117594,117599,117604,117609,117619],{},[32,117595,117596,117598],{},[15,117597,12474],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[32,117600,117601,117603],{},[15,117602,4967],{}," checks whether values are equal",[32,117605,117606,117608],{},[15,117607,43767],{}," shows the identity of an object",[32,117610,117611,117612,700,117615,117618],{},"comparing ",[15,117613,117614],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117616,117617],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[32,117620,117621,117623],{},[15,117622,2584],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[47,117625,2109],{"id":2108},[887,117627,117629],{"id":117628},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117631,117632],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[887,117634,57552],{"id":57467},[20,117636,117637],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[887,117639,117641],{"id":117640},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117643,117644],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[887,117646,117648],{"id":117647},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117650,117651],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[887,117653,117655],{"id":117654},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117657,117658],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[47,117660,2172],{"id":2171},[29,117662,117663,117668,117674,117680,117684],{},[32,117664,117665],{},[214,117666,117667],{"href":12345},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[32,117669,117670],{},[214,117671,13,117672,1516],{"href":55243},[15,117673,55884],{},[32,117675,117676],{},[214,117677,13,117678,1516],{"href":12712},[15,117679,12715],{},[32,117681,117682],{},[214,117683,15245],{"href":57502},[32,117685,117686],{},[214,117687,117688],{"href":58776},"What is a list in Python?",[2204,117690,117691],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":117693},[117694,117695,117696,117697,117698,117699,117704,117705,117706,117707,117708,117709,117716],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":116149,"depth":97,"text":116150},{"id":116170,"depth":97,"text":116171},{"id":116413,"depth":97,"text":116414},{"id":116553,"depth":97,"text":116554},{"id":116669,"depth":97,"text":116670,"children":117700},[117701,117702,117703],{"id":116676,"depth":122,"text":116677},{"id":116745,"depth":122,"text":116746},{"id":116844,"depth":122,"text":116845},{"id":116958,"depth":97,"text":116959},{"id":117090,"depth":97,"text":117091},{"id":117204,"depth":97,"text":117205},{"id":117370,"depth":97,"text":117371},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":117710},[117711,117712,117713,117714,117715],{"id":117628,"depth":122,"text":117629},{"id":57467,"depth":122,"text":57552},{"id":117640,"depth":122,"text":117641},{"id":117647,"depth":122,"text":117648},{"id":117654,"depth":122,"text":117655},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115950,"description":117717},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117723,"title":117724,"body":117725,"description":119582,"extension":2249,"meta":119583,"navigation":125,"path":119584,"seo":119585,"stem":119586,"__hash__":119587},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117726,"toc":119540},[117727,117732,117737,117745,117747,117815,117820,117825,117840,117843,117845,117876,117878,117898,117901,117916,117918,117921,117994,117996,118041,118043,118054,118059,118063,118068,118071,118110,118112,118132,118135,118192,118194,118229,118232,118271,118273,118293,118296,118327,118329,118385,118387,118392,118463,118465,118498,118503,118508,118573,118575,118612,118615,118692,118694,118754,118761,118766,118769,118772,118853,118855,118896,118901,118904,118982,118984,119017,119026,119033,119036,119047,119050,119061,119065,119073,119082,119086,119091,119095,119100,119143,119146,119152,119155,119157,119204,119209,119213,119216,119265,119267,119288,119291,119293,119318,119321,119442,119447,119449,119454,119457,119462,119465,119473,119478,119485,119488,119496,119499,119501,119537],[10,117728,13,117730,3860],{"id":117729},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117731,74700],{},[20,117733,117734,117736],{},[15,117735,74700],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117738,117739,117740,1830,117742,117744],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117741,78143],{},[15,117743,74700],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[47,117746,3890],{"id":3889},[52,117748,117750],{"className":54,"code":117749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117751,117752,117772,117786,117790,117802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117753,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117755,900],{"class":67},[61,117757,72],{"class":71},[61,117759,926],{"class":75},[61,117761,107],{"class":79},[61,117763,83],{"class":75},[61,117765,1720],{"class":79},[61,117767,83],{"class":75},[61,117769,86],{"class":79},[61,117771,943],{"class":75},[61,117773,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117775,132],{"class":67},[61,117777,72],{"class":71},[61,117779,74834],{"class":159},[61,117781,147],{"class":75},[61,117783,3929],{"class":143},[61,117785,153],{"class":75},[61,117787,117788],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117789,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117791,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117793,160],{"class":159},[61,117795,147],{"class":75},[61,117797,165],{"class":143},[61,117799,442],{"class":75},[61,117801,55971],{"class":173},[61,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117805,160],{"class":159},[61,117807,147],{"class":75},[61,117809,3929],{"class":143},[61,117811,442],{"class":75},[61,117813,117814],{"class":173},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117816,117817,117819],{},[15,117818,74700],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[47,117821,184,117823,187],{"id":117822},"what-sorted-does",[15,117824,74700],{},[29,117826,117827,117831,117834,117837],{},[32,117828,117829,63206],{},[15,117830,74700],{},[32,117832,117833],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[32,117835,117836],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[32,117838,117839],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117841,117842],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[47,117844,221],{"id":220},[52,117846,117848],{"className":54,"code":117847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117849,117850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117851,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117853,74790],{"class":159},[61,117855,147],{"class":75},[61,117857,4000],{"class":143},[61,117859,83],{"class":75},[61,117861,21858],{"class":9459},[61,117863,72],{"class":71},[61,117865,4058],{"class":4133},[61,117867,83],{"class":75},[61,117869,78346],{"class":9459},[61,117871,72],{"class":71},[61,117873,3954],{"class":4133},[61,117875,153],{"class":75},[887,117877,17674],{"id":17673},[29,117879,117880,117885,117890],{},[32,117881,117882,117884],{},[15,117883,4000],{},": the values to sort",[32,117886,117887,117889],{},[15,117888,15122],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[32,117891,117892,117894,117895,117897],{},[15,117893,73853],{},": set to ",[15,117896,3885],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117899,117900],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[52,117902,117904],{"className":54,"code":117903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117905,117906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117907,117908,117910,117912,117914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117909,74790],{"class":159},[61,117911,147],{"class":75},[61,117913,60590],{"class":143},[61,117915,153],{"class":75},[47,117917,483],{"id":482},[20,117919,117920],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[52,117922,117924],{"className":54,"code":117923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117925,117926,117950,117954,117969,117973,117984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117927,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117929,900],{"class":67},[61,117931,72],{"class":71},[61,117933,926],{"class":75},[61,117935,1013],{"class":79},[61,117937,83],{"class":75},[61,117939,86],{"class":79},[61,117941,83],{"class":75},[61,117943,6639],{"class":79},[61,117945,83],{"class":75},[61,117947,1720],{"class":79},[61,117949,943],{"class":75},[61,117951,117952],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117953,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117955,117956,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,117957,117958],{"class":67},"sorted_numbers ",[61,117960,72],{"class":71},[61,117962,74834],{"class":159},[61,117964,147],{"class":75},[61,117966,3929],{"class":143},[61,117968,153],{"class":75},[61,117970,117971],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,117972,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,117974,117975,117977,117979,117982],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,117976,160],{"class":159},[61,117978,147],{"class":75},[61,117980,117981],{"class":143},"sorted_numbers",[61,117983,153],{"class":75},[61,117985,117986,117988,117990,117992],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,117987,160],{"class":159},[61,117989,147],{"class":75},[61,117991,3929],{"class":143},[61,117993,153],{"class":75},[20,117995,1598],{},[52,117997,117999],{"className":54,"code":117998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118000,118001,118021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118002,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118004,4182],{"class":75},[61,118006,80],{"class":79},[61,118008,83],{"class":75},[61,118010,86],{"class":79},[61,118012,83],{"class":75},[61,118014,117],{"class":79},[61,118016,83],{"class":75},[61,118018,6639],{"class":79},[61,118020,943],{"class":75},[61,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118024,4182],{"class":75},[61,118026,1013],{"class":79},[61,118028,83],{"class":75},[61,118030,86],{"class":79},[61,118032,83],{"class":75},[61,118034,6639],{"class":79},[61,118036,83],{"class":75},[61,118038,1720],{"class":79},[61,118040,943],{"class":75},[20,118042,14043],{},[29,118044,118045,118050],{},[32,118046,118047,118049],{},[15,118048,117981],{}," is a new sorted list",[32,118051,118052,712],{},[15,118053,3929],{},[20,118055,118056,118057,140],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[214,118058,78653],{"href":78652},[47,118060,118062],{"id":118061},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118064,118065,118067],{},[15,118066,74700],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[887,118069,118070],{"id":8377},"List",[52,118072,118074],{"className":54,"code":118073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118075,118076,118096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118077,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118079,900],{"class":67},[61,118081,72],{"class":71},[61,118083,926],{"class":75},[61,118085,107],{"class":79},[61,118087,83],{"class":75},[61,118089,1720],{"class":79},[61,118091,83],{"class":75},[61,118093,86],{"class":79},[61,118095,943],{"class":75},[61,118097,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118099,160],{"class":159},[61,118101,147],{"class":75},[61,118103,74790],{"class":159},[61,118105,147],{"class":75},[61,118107,3929],{"class":143},[61,118109,1761],{"class":75},[20,118111,1598],{},[52,118113,118114],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118115,118116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118117,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118119,4182],{"class":75},[61,118121,80],{"class":79},[61,118123,83],{"class":75},[61,118125,86],{"class":79},[61,118127,83],{"class":75},[61,118129,91],{"class":79},[61,118131,943],{"class":75},[887,118133,118134],{"id":49234},"Tuple",[52,118136,118138],{"className":54,"code":118137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118139,118140,118160,118174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118141,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118143,4103],{"class":67},[61,118145,72],{"class":71},[61,118147,1058],{"class":75},[61,118149,107],{"class":79},[61,118151,83],{"class":75},[61,118153,1720],{"class":79},[61,118155,83],{"class":75},[61,118157,86],{"class":79},[61,118159,153],{"class":75},[61,118161,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118163,160],{"class":159},[61,118165,147],{"class":75},[61,118167,74790],{"class":159},[61,118169,147],{"class":75},[61,118171,5638],{"class":143},[61,118173,1761],{"class":75},[61,118175,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,118177,160],{"class":159},[61,118179,147],{"class":75},[61,118181,2072],{"class":2071},[61,118183,147],{"class":75},[61,118185,74790],{"class":159},[61,118187,147],{"class":75},[61,118189,5638],{"class":143},[61,118191,3193],{"class":75},[20,118193,1598],{},[52,118195,118197],{"className":54,"code":118196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118198,118199,118215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118200,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118202,4182],{"class":75},[61,118204,80],{"class":79},[61,118206,83],{"class":75},[61,118208,86],{"class":79},[61,118210,83],{"class":75},[61,118212,91],{"class":79},[61,118214,943],{"class":75},[61,118216,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118218,3571],{"class":71},[61,118220,3574],{"class":2350},[61,118222,639],{"class":503},[61,118224,8377],{"class":507},[61,118226,630],{"class":503},[61,118228,3583],{"class":71},[887,118230,118231],{"id":2098},"Set",[52,118233,118235],{"className":54,"code":118234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118236,118237,118257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118240,4103],{"class":67},[61,118242,72],{"class":71},[61,118244,76],{"class":75},[61,118246,107],{"class":79},[61,118248,83],{"class":75},[61,118250,1720],{"class":79},[61,118252,83],{"class":75},[61,118254,86],{"class":79},[61,118256,94],{"class":75},[61,118258,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118260,160],{"class":159},[61,118262,147],{"class":75},[61,118264,74790],{"class":159},[61,118266,147],{"class":75},[61,118268,5638],{"class":143},[61,118270,1761],{"class":75},[20,118272,1598],{},[52,118274,118275],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118276,118277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118278,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118280,4182],{"class":75},[61,118282,80],{"class":79},[61,118284,83],{"class":75},[61,118286,86],{"class":79},[61,118288,83],{"class":75},[61,118290,91],{"class":79},[61,118292,943],{"class":75},[887,118294,118295],{"id":61455},"String",[52,118297,118299],{"className":54,"code":118298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118300,118301,118313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118302,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118304,34962],{"class":67},[61,118306,72],{"class":71},[61,118308,515],{"class":503},[61,118310,56],{"class":507},[61,118312,3639],{"class":503},[61,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118316,160],{"class":159},[61,118318,147],{"class":75},[61,118320,74790],{"class":159},[61,118322,147],{"class":75},[61,118324,34983],{"class":143},[61,118326,1761],{"class":75},[20,118328,1598],{},[52,118330,118331],{"className":54,"code":79670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118332,118333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118334,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118336,4182],{"class":75},[61,118338,630],{"class":503},[61,118340,60721],{"class":507},[61,118342,630],{"class":503},[61,118344,83],{"class":75},[61,118346,639],{"class":503},[61,118348,76306],{"class":507},[61,118350,630],{"class":503},[61,118352,83],{"class":75},[61,118354,639],{"class":503},[61,118356,60756],{"class":507},[61,118358,630],{"class":503},[61,118360,83],{"class":75},[61,118362,639],{"class":503},[61,118364,20],{"class":507},[61,118366,630],{"class":503},[61,118368,83],{"class":75},[61,118370,639],{"class":503},[61,118372,1276],{"class":507},[61,118374,630],{"class":503},[61,118376,83],{"class":75},[61,118378,639],{"class":503},[61,118380,12025],{"class":507},[61,118382,630],{"class":503},[61,118384,943],{"class":75},[887,118386,29499],{"id":15885},[20,118388,63819,118389,118391],{},[15,118390,74700],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[52,118393,118395],{"className":54,"code":118394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118396,118397,118449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118398,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118400,13485],{"class":67},[61,118402,72],{"class":71},[61,118404,76],{"class":75},[61,118406,504],{"class":503},[61,118408,7949],{"class":507},[61,118410,504],{"class":503},[61,118412,192],{"class":75},[61,118414,515],{"class":503},[61,118416,13161],{"class":507},[61,118418,504],{"class":503},[61,118420,83],{"class":75},[61,118422,515],{"class":503},[61,118424,9581],{"class":507},[61,118426,504],{"class":503},[61,118428,192],{"class":75},[61,118430,8072],{"class":79},[61,118432,83],{"class":75},[61,118434,515],{"class":503},[61,118436,10690],{"class":507},[61,118438,504],{"class":503},[61,118440,192],{"class":75},[61,118442,515],{"class":503},[61,118444,16310],{"class":507},[61,118446,504],{"class":503},[61,118448,94],{"class":75},[61,118450,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118452,160],{"class":159},[61,118454,147],{"class":75},[61,118456,74790],{"class":159},[61,118458,147],{"class":75},[61,118460,17586],{"class":143},[61,118462,1761],{"class":75},[20,118464,1598],{},[52,118466,118468],{"className":54,"code":118467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118469,118470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118471,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118473,4182],{"class":75},[61,118475,630],{"class":503},[61,118477,9581],{"class":507},[61,118479,630],{"class":503},[61,118481,83],{"class":75},[61,118483,639],{"class":503},[61,118485,10690],{"class":507},[61,118487,630],{"class":503},[61,118489,83],{"class":75},[61,118491,639],{"class":503},[61,118493,7949],{"class":507},[61,118495,630],{"class":503},[61,118497,943],{"class":75},[47,118499,716,118501],{"id":118500},"using-reversetrue",[15,118502,78367],{},[20,118504,1503,118505,118507],{},[15,118506,78367],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[52,118509,118511],{"className":54,"code":118510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118512,118513,118533,118537,118551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118514,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118516,900],{"class":67},[61,118518,72],{"class":71},[61,118520,926],{"class":75},[61,118522,107],{"class":79},[61,118524,83],{"class":75},[61,118526,1720],{"class":79},[61,118528,83],{"class":75},[61,118530,86],{"class":79},[61,118532,943],{"class":75},[61,118534,118535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118536,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,118538,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,118540,160],{"class":159},[61,118542,147],{"class":75},[61,118544,74790],{"class":159},[61,118546,147],{"class":75},[61,118548,3929],{"class":143},[61,118550,1761],{"class":75},[61,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,118554,160],{"class":159},[61,118556,147],{"class":75},[61,118558,74790],{"class":159},[61,118560,147],{"class":75},[61,118562,3929],{"class":143},[61,118564,83],{"class":75},[61,118566,78346],{"class":9459},[61,118568,72],{"class":71},[61,118570,3885],{"class":4133},[61,118572,1761],{"class":75},[20,118574,1598],{},[52,118576,118578],{"className":54,"code":118577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118579,118580,118596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118581,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118583,4182],{"class":75},[61,118585,80],{"class":79},[61,118587,83],{"class":75},[61,118589,86],{"class":79},[61,118591,83],{"class":75},[61,118593,91],{"class":79},[61,118595,943],{"class":75},[61,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118599,4182],{"class":75},[61,118601,107],{"class":79},[61,118603,83],{"class":75},[61,118605,86],{"class":79},[61,118607,83],{"class":75},[61,118609,1720],{"class":79},[61,118611,943],{"class":75},[20,118613,118614],{},"This also works with strings:",[52,118616,118618],{"className":54,"code":118617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118619,118620,118652,118656,118670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118621,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118623,1778],{"class":67},[61,118625,72],{"class":71},[61,118627,926],{"class":75},[61,118629,504],{"class":503},[61,118631,508],{"class":507},[61,118633,504],{"class":503},[61,118635,83],{"class":75},[61,118637,515],{"class":503},[61,118639,518],{"class":507},[61,118641,504],{"class":503},[61,118643,83],{"class":75},[61,118645,515],{"class":503},[61,118647,4377],{"class":507},[61,118649,504],{"class":503},[61,118651,943],{"class":75},[61,118653,118654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118655,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,118659,160],{"class":159},[61,118661,147],{"class":75},[61,118663,74790],{"class":159},[61,118665,147],{"class":75},[61,118667,4394],{"class":143},[61,118669,1761],{"class":75},[61,118671,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,118673,160],{"class":159},[61,118675,147],{"class":75},[61,118677,74790],{"class":159},[61,118679,147],{"class":75},[61,118681,4394],{"class":143},[61,118683,83],{"class":75},[61,118685,78346],{"class":9459},[61,118687,72],{"class":71},[61,118689,3885],{"class":4133},[61,118691,1761],{"class":75},[20,118693,1598],{},[52,118695,118696],{"className":54,"code":74434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118697,118698,118726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118699,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118701,4182],{"class":75},[61,118703,630],{"class":503},[61,118705,508],{"class":507},[61,118707,630],{"class":503},[61,118709,83],{"class":75},[61,118711,639],{"class":503},[61,118713,518],{"class":507},[61,118715,630],{"class":503},[61,118717,83],{"class":75},[61,118719,639],{"class":503},[61,118721,4377],{"class":507},[61,118723,630],{"class":503},[61,118725,943],{"class":75},[61,118727,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118729,4182],{"class":75},[61,118731,630],{"class":503},[61,118733,4377],{"class":507},[61,118735,630],{"class":503},[61,118737,83],{"class":75},[61,118739,639],{"class":503},[61,118741,518],{"class":507},[61,118743,630],{"class":503},[61,118745,83],{"class":75},[61,118747,639],{"class":503},[61,118749,508],{"class":507},[61,118751,630],{"class":503},[61,118753,943],{"class":75},[47,118755,716,118757,118760],{"id":118756},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118758,118759],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118762,2266,118763,118765],{},[15,118764,118759],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118767,118768],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118770,118771],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[52,118773,118775],{"className":54,"code":118774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118776,118777,118817,118821,118843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118780,1778],{"class":67},[61,118782,72],{"class":71},[61,118784,926],{"class":75},[61,118786,504],{"class":503},[61,118788,79020],{"class":507},[61,118790,504],{"class":503},[61,118792,83],{"class":75},[61,118794,515],{"class":503},[61,118796,38635],{"class":507},[61,118798,504],{"class":503},[61,118800,83],{"class":75},[61,118802,515],{"class":503},[61,118804,518],{"class":507},[61,118806,504],{"class":503},[61,118808,83],{"class":75},[61,118810,515],{"class":503},[61,118812,38618],{"class":507},[61,118814,504],{"class":503},[61,118816,943],{"class":75},[61,118818,118819],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118820,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,118822,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,118824,132],{"class":67},[61,118826,72],{"class":71},[61,118828,74834],{"class":159},[61,118830,147],{"class":75},[61,118832,4394],{"class":143},[61,118834,83],{"class":75},[61,118836,21858],{"class":9459},[61,118838,72],{"class":71},[61,118840,11442],{"class":159},[61,118842,153],{"class":75},[61,118844,118845,118847,118849,118851],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,118846,160],{"class":159},[61,118848,147],{"class":75},[61,118850,165],{"class":143},[61,118852,153],{"class":75},[20,118854,1598],{},[52,118856,118858],{"className":54,"code":118857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118859,118860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118861,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118863,4182],{"class":75},[61,118865,630],{"class":503},[61,118867,38635],{"class":507},[61,118869,630],{"class":503},[61,118871,83],{"class":75},[61,118873,639],{"class":503},[61,118875,79020],{"class":507},[61,118877,630],{"class":503},[61,118879,83],{"class":75},[61,118881,639],{"class":503},[61,118883,38618],{"class":507},[61,118885,630],{"class":503},[61,118887,83],{"class":75},[61,118889,639],{"class":503},[61,118891,518],{"class":507},[61,118893,630],{"class":503},[61,118895,943],{"class":75},[20,118897,21050,118898,118900],{},[15,118899,11442],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118902,118903],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[52,118905,118907],{"className":54,"code":118906,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118908,118909,118942,118946,118972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118910,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118938,118940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118912,1778],{"class":67},[61,118914,72],{"class":71},[61,118916,926],{"class":75},[61,118918,504],{"class":503},[61,118920,83638],{"class":507},[61,118922,504],{"class":503},[61,118924,83],{"class":75},[61,118926,515],{"class":503},[61,118928,508],{"class":507},[61,118930,504],{"class":503},[61,118932,83],{"class":75},[61,118934,515],{"class":503},[61,118936,118937],{"class":507},"Cherry",[61,118939,504],{"class":503},[61,118941,943],{"class":75},[61,118943,118944],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118945,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,118947,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,118949,132],{"class":67},[61,118951,72],{"class":71},[61,118953,74834],{"class":159},[61,118955,147],{"class":75},[61,118957,4394],{"class":143},[61,118959,83],{"class":75},[61,118961,21858],{"class":9459},[61,118963,72],{"class":71},[61,118965,3724],{"class":2071},[61,118967,140],{"class":75},[61,118969,8923],{"class":2103},[61,118971,153],{"class":75},[61,118973,118974,118976,118978,118980],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,118975,160],{"class":159},[61,118977,147],{"class":75},[61,118979,165],{"class":143},[61,118981,153],{"class":75},[20,118983,1598],{},[52,118985,118987],{"className":54,"code":118986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118988,118989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118990,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118992,4182],{"class":75},[61,118994,630],{"class":503},[61,118996,508],{"class":507},[61,118998,630],{"class":503},[61,119000,83],{"class":75},[61,119002,639],{"class":503},[61,119004,83638],{"class":507},[61,119006,630],{"class":503},[61,119008,83],{"class":75},[61,119010,639],{"class":503},[61,119012,118937],{"class":507},[61,119014,630],{"class":503},[61,119016,943],{"class":75},[20,119018,119019,119020,35605,119022,140],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119021,42639],{},[214,119023,13,119024,3790],{"href":42636},[15,119025,42639],{},[47,119027,119029,1310,119031],{"id":119028},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119030,74700],{},[15,119032,78143],{},[20,119034,119035],{},"The main difference is this:",[29,119037,119038,119043],{},[32,119039,119040,119042],{},[15,119041,74700],{}," returns a new list",[32,119044,119045,74238],{},[15,119046,78143],{},[20,119048,119049],{},"Also:",[29,119051,119052,119057],{},[32,119053,119054,119056],{},[15,119055,74700],{}," works with many iterables",[32,119058,119059,79576],{},[15,119060,78143],{},[20,119062,1503,119063,10881],{},[15,119064,74700],{},[29,119066,119067,119070],{},[32,119068,119069],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[32,119071,119072],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119074,119075,119076,140],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[214,119077,13,119078,1310,119080,6063],{"href":79401},[15,119079,74700],{},[15,119081,78143],{},[47,119083,119085],{"id":119084},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119087,119088,119089,140],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119090,74700],{},[887,119092,119094],{"id":119093},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119096,119097,119098,192],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119099,3285],{},[52,119101,119103],{"className":54,"code":119102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119104,119105,119129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119106,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119,119121,119123,119125,119127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119108,4103],{"class":67},[61,119110,72],{"class":71},[61,119112,926],{"class":75},[61,119114,80],{"class":79},[61,119116,83],{"class":75},[61,119118,515],{"class":503},[61,119120,301],{"class":507},[61,119122,504],{"class":503},[61,119124,83],{"class":75},[61,119126,91],{"class":79},[61,119128,943],{"class":75},[61,119130,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119132,160],{"class":159},[61,119134,147],{"class":75},[61,119136,74790],{"class":159},[61,119138,147],{"class":75},[61,119140,5638],{"class":143},[61,119142,1761],{"class":75},[20,119144,119145],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[887,119147,119149,119150,2585],{"id":119148},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119151,15122],{},[20,119153,119154],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119156,368],{},[52,119158,119160],{"className":54,"code":119159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119161,119162,119182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119163,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119165,900],{"class":67},[61,119167,72],{"class":71},[61,119169,926],{"class":75},[61,119171,2613],{"class":79},[61,119173,83],{"class":75},[61,119175,86],{"class":79},[61,119177,83],{"class":75},[61,119179,8077],{"class":79},[61,119181,943],{"class":75},[61,119183,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119185,160],{"class":159},[61,119187,147],{"class":75},[61,119189,74790],{"class":159},[61,119191,147],{"class":75},[61,119193,3929],{"class":143},[61,119195,83],{"class":75},[61,119197,21858],{"class":9459},[61,119199,72],{"class":71},[61,119201,11442],{"class":159},[61,119203,1761],{"class":75},[20,119205,48791,119206,119208],{},[15,119207,42639],{}," does not work on integers.",[887,119210,119212],{"id":119211},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119214,119215],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,119217,119219],{"className":54,"code":119218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119220,119221,119241,119251,119255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119224,900],{"class":67},[61,119226,72],{"class":71},[61,119228,926],{"class":75},[61,119230,107],{"class":79},[61,119232,83],{"class":75},[61,119234,1720],{"class":79},[61,119236,83],{"class":75},[61,119238,86],{"class":79},[61,119240,943],{"class":75},[61,119242,119243,119245,119247,119249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119244,74790],{"class":159},[61,119246,147],{"class":75},[61,119248,3929],{"class":143},[61,119250,153],{"class":75},[61,119252,119253],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,119254,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,119256,119257,119259,119261,119263],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,119258,160],{"class":159},[61,119260,147],{"class":75},[61,119262,3929],{"class":143},[61,119264,153],{"class":75},[20,119266,1598],{},[52,119268,119270],{"className":54,"code":119269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119271,119272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119273,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119275,4182],{"class":75},[61,119277,107],{"class":79},[61,119279,83],{"class":75},[61,119281,1720],{"class":79},[61,119283,83],{"class":75},[61,119285,86],{"class":79},[61,119287,943],{"class":75},[20,119289,119290],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[47,119292,3111],{"id":3110},[29,119294,119295,119299,119302,119307,119311],{},[32,119296,4858,119297,74238],{},[15,119298,74700],{},[32,119300,119301],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[32,119303,4983,119304,119306],{},[15,119305,74700],{}," always returns a list",[32,119308,716,119309,23379],{},[15,119310,118759],{},[32,119312,29926,119313,119315,119316],{},[15,119314,64591],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119317,74700],{},[20,119319,119320],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[52,119322,119324],{"className":54,"code":119323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119325,119326,119348,119374,119412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119327,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119329,160],{"class":159},[61,119331,147],{"class":75},[61,119333,74790],{"class":159},[61,119335,1878],{"class":75},[61,119337,107],{"class":79},[61,119339,83],{"class":75},[61,119341,1720],{"class":79},[61,119343,83],{"class":75},[61,119345,86],{"class":79},[61,119347,3279],{"class":75},[61,119349,119350,119352,119354,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119351,160],{"class":159},[61,119353,147],{"class":75},[61,119355,2072],{"class":2071},[61,119357,147],{"class":75},[61,119359,74790],{"class":159},[61,119361,5790],{"class":75},[61,119363,107],{"class":79},[61,119365,83],{"class":75},[61,119367,1720],{"class":79},[61,119369,83],{"class":75},[61,119371,86],{"class":79},[61,119373,93642],{"class":75},[61,119375,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,119377,160],{"class":159},[61,119379,147],{"class":75},[61,119381,74790],{"class":159},[61,119383,1878],{"class":75},[61,119385,630],{"class":503},[61,119387,83638],{"class":507},[61,119389,630],{"class":503},[61,119391,83],{"class":75},[61,119393,639],{"class":503},[61,119395,508],{"class":507},[61,119397,630],{"class":503},[61,119399,18342],{"class":75},[61,119401,21858],{"class":9459},[61,119403,72],{"class":71},[61,119405,3724],{"class":2071},[61,119407,140],{"class":75},[61,119409,8923],{"class":2103},[61,119411,1761],{"class":75},[61,119413,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,119415,160],{"class":159},[61,119417,147],{"class":75},[61,119419,74790],{"class":159},[61,119421,1878],{"class":75},[61,119423,107],{"class":79},[61,119425,83],{"class":75},[61,119427,1720],{"class":79},[61,119429,83],{"class":75},[61,119431,86],{"class":79},[61,119433,18342],{"class":75},[61,119435,78346],{"class":9459},[61,119437,72],{"class":71},[61,119439,3885],{"class":4133},[61,119441,1761],{"class":75},[20,119443,119444,119445,140],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[214,119446,53054],{"href":51261},[47,119448,2109],{"id":2108},[887,119450,2113,119452,57446],{"id":119451},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119453,74700],{},[20,119455,119456],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[887,119458,5422,119460,12996],{"id":119459},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119461,74700],{},[20,119463,119464],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[887,119466,119468,119469,11372,119471,2159],{"id":119467},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119470,74700],{},[15,119472,78143],{},[20,119474,1503,119475,119477],{},[15,119476,74700],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[887,119479,5422,119481,86726,119483,2159],{"id":119480},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119482,118759],{},[15,119484,74700],{},[20,119486,119487],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[887,119489,5438,119491,119493,119494,2159],{"id":119490},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119492,74700],{}," give a ",[15,119495,3285],{},[20,119497,119498],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[47,119500,2172],{"id":2171},[29,119502,119503,119507,119515,119519,119525,119531],{},[32,119504,119505],{},[214,119506,80149],{"href":78652},[32,119508,119509],{},[214,119510,13,119511,1310,119513,6063],{"href":79401},[15,119512,74700],{},[15,119514,78143],{},[32,119516,119517],{},[214,119518,53054],{"href":51261},[32,119520,119521],{},[214,119522,13,119523,3790],{"href":42636},[15,119524,42639],{},[32,119526,119527],{},[214,119528,13,119529,3790],{"href":92298},[15,119530,36025],{},[32,119532,119533],{},[214,119534,13,119535,3790],{"href":36471},[15,119536,36474],{},[2204,119538,119539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":119541},[119542,119543,119545,119548,119549,119556,119558,119560,119562,119568,119569,119581],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":117822,"depth":97,"text":119544},"What sorted() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":119546},[119547],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":118061,"depth":97,"text":118062,"children":119550},[119551,119552,119553,119554,119555],{"id":8377,"depth":122,"text":118070},{"id":49234,"depth":122,"text":118134},{"id":2098,"depth":122,"text":118231},{"id":61455,"depth":122,"text":118295},{"id":15885,"depth":122,"text":29499},{"id":118500,"depth":97,"text":119557},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118756,"depth":97,"text":119559},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119028,"depth":97,"text":119561},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119084,"depth":97,"text":119085,"children":119563},[119564,119565,119567],{"id":119093,"depth":122,"text":119094},{"id":119148,"depth":122,"text":119566},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119211,"depth":122,"text":119212},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":119570},[119571,119573,119575,119577,119579],{"id":119451,"depth":122,"text":119572},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119459,"depth":122,"text":119574},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119467,"depth":122,"text":119576},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119480,"depth":122,"text":119578},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119490,"depth":122,"text":119580},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117724,"description":119582},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119589,"title":119590,"body":119591,"description":121702,"extension":2249,"meta":121703,"navigation":125,"path":79401,"seo":121704,"stem":121705,"__hash__":121706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119592,"toc":121649},[119593,119600,119603,119613,119619,119622,119640,119648,119650,119709,119717,119721,119743,119747,119751,119753,119770,119772,119784,119790,119874,119878,119925,119931,119938,119942,119947,119949,119961,119966,120019,120023,120043,120050,120057,120061,120064,120083,120087,120201,120205,120275,120277,120289,120294,120298,120311,120315,120390,120394,120433,120440,120446,120451,120455,120469,120473,120538,120542,120575,120578,120583,120591,120598,120611,120614,120618,120701,120705,120742,120746,120849,120853,120914,120919,120926,120930,120933,120939,120942,121009,121013,121037,121039,121057,121064,121117,121121,121141,121147,121149,121206,121213,121239,121244,121249,121257,121263,121323,121327,121374,121377,121379,121382,121408,121411,121504,121506,121526,121530,121533,121551,121557,121559,121567,121572,121579,121582,121588,121591,121597,121605,121613,121618,121620,121646],[10,119594,13,119596,1310,119598,93356],{"id":119595},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119597,74700],{},[15,119599,78143],{},[20,119601,119602],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[29,119604,119605,119609],{},[32,119606,119607],{},[15,119608,74700],{},[32,119610,119611],{},[15,119612,78143],{},[20,119614,119615,119616,119618],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[39,119617,4909],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119620,119621],{},"The main difference is simple:",[29,119623,119624,119632],{},[32,119625,1503,119626,119628,119629],{},[15,119627,74700],{}," when you want a ",[39,119630,119631],{},"new sorted result",[32,119633,1503,119634,119636,119637],{},[15,119635,78143],{}," when you want to ",[39,119638,119639],{},"change the original list",[20,119641,119642,119643,2680,119645,119647],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119644,78143],{},[15,119646,4058],{}," and causes confusion.",[47,119649,3890],{"id":3889},[52,119651,119653],{"className":54,"code":119652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119654,119655,119675,119679,119696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119656,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671,119673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119658,900],{"class":67},[61,119660,72],{"class":71},[61,119662,926],{"class":75},[61,119664,107],{"class":79},[61,119666,83],{"class":75},[61,119668,1720],{"class":79},[61,119670,83],{"class":75},[61,119672,86],{"class":79},[61,119674,943],{"class":75},[61,119676,119677],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119678,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,119682,56173],{"class":67},[61,119684,72],{"class":71},[61,119686,74834],{"class":159},[61,119688,147],{"class":75},[61,119690,3929],{"class":143},[61,119692,442],{"class":75},[61,119694,119695],{"class":173},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[61,119697,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,119699,3929],{"class":67},[61,119701,140],{"class":75},[61,119703,35074],{"class":143},[61,119705,7646],{"class":75},[61,119707,119708],{"class":173},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119710,1503,119711,119713,119714,119716],{},[15,119712,74700],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119715,78143],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[47,119718,119720],{"id":119719},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[29,119722,119723,119728,119733,119740],{},[32,119724,1503,119725,119727],{},[15,119726,74700],{}," to get a new sorted list",[32,119729,1503,119730,119732],{},[15,119731,78143],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[32,119734,119735,119736,2680,119738],{},"Understand why ",[15,119737,78143],{},[15,119739,4058],{},[32,119741,119742],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[47,119744,184,119745,187],{"id":117822},[15,119746,74700],{},[20,119748,119749,63206],{},[15,119750,74700],{},[20,119752,49208],{},[29,119754,119755,119761,119767],{},[32,119756,119757,119758],{},"returns a ",[39,119759,119760],{},"new list",[32,119762,119763,119764,119766],{},"does ",[39,119765,4909],{}," change the original data",[32,119768,119769],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119771,51415],{},[29,119773,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782],{},[32,119775,5579],{},[32,119777,5582],{},[32,119779,5588],{},[32,119781,5585],{},[32,119783,36186],{},[887,119785,35353,119787,119789],{"id":119786},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119788,74700],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[52,119791,119793],{"className":54,"code":119792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119794,119795,119815,119819,119833,119837,119855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119796,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119798,900],{"class":67},[61,119800,72],{"class":71},[61,119802,926],{"class":75},[61,119804,107],{"class":79},[61,119806,83],{"class":75},[61,119808,1720],{"class":79},[61,119810,83],{"class":75},[61,119812,86],{"class":79},[61,119814,943],{"class":75},[61,119816,119817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119818,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,119820,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,119822,132],{"class":67},[61,119824,72],{"class":71},[61,119826,74834],{"class":159},[61,119828,147],{"class":75},[61,119830,3929],{"class":143},[61,119832,153],{"class":75},[61,119834,119835],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,119836,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,119838,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,119840,160],{"class":159},[61,119842,147],{"class":75},[61,119844,504],{"class":503},[61,119846,12434],{"class":507},[61,119848,504],{"class":503},[61,119850,83],{"class":75},[61,119852,956],{"class":143},[61,119854,153],{"class":75},[61,119856,119857,119859,119861,119863,119866,119868,119870,119872],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,119858,160],{"class":159},[61,119860,147],{"class":75},[61,119862,504],{"class":503},[61,119864,119865],{"class":507},"sorted result:",[61,119867,504],{"class":503},[61,119869,83],{"class":75},[61,119871,81493],{"class":143},[61,119873,153],{"class":75},[20,119875,119876],{},[39,119877,1598],{},[52,119879,119881],{"className":54,"code":119880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119882,119883,119903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119884,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119886,12413],{"class":67},[61,119888,192],{"class":75},[61,119890,926],{"class":75},[61,119892,107],{"class":79},[61,119894,83],{"class":75},[61,119896,1720],{"class":79},[61,119898,83],{"class":75},[61,119900,86],{"class":79},[61,119902,943],{"class":75},[61,119904,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119906,74790],{"class":159},[61,119908,81493],{"class":67},[61,119910,192],{"class":75},[61,119912,926],{"class":75},[61,119914,80],{"class":79},[61,119916,83],{"class":75},[61,119918,86],{"class":79},[61,119920,83],{"class":75},[61,119922,91],{"class":79},[61,119924,943],{"class":75},[20,119926,119927,119928,119930],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119929,3929],{}," stays the same.",[20,119932,119933,119934,140],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[214,119935,13,119936,3790],{"href":74797},[15,119937,74700],{},[47,119939,184,119940,187],{"id":78209},[15,119941,78143],{},[20,119943,119944,119946],{},[15,119945,64591],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119948,49208],{},[29,119950,119951,119954,119957],{},[32,119952,119953],{},"changes the original list directly",[32,119955,119956],{},"only works on lists",[32,119958,3971,119959],{},[15,119960,4058],{},[887,119962,35353,119964,74238],{"id":119963},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119965,78143],{},[52,119967,119969],{"className":54,"code":119968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119970,119971,119991,119995,120005,120009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119974,900],{"class":67},[61,119976,72],{"class":71},[61,119978,926],{"class":75},[61,119980,107],{"class":79},[61,119982,83],{"class":75},[61,119984,1720],{"class":79},[61,119986,83],{"class":75},[61,119988,86],{"class":79},[61,119990,943],{"class":75},[61,119992,119993],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119994,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,119996,119997,119999,120001,120003],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,119998,3929],{"class":67},[61,120000,140],{"class":75},[61,120002,35074],{"class":143},[61,120004,8926],{"class":75},[61,120006,120007],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120008,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120010,120011,120013,120015,120017],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120012,160],{"class":159},[61,120014,147],{"class":75},[61,120016,3929],{"class":143},[61,120018,153],{"class":75},[20,120020,120021],{},[39,120022,1598],{},[52,120024,120025],{"className":54,"code":55433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,120026,120027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120028,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120030,4182],{"class":75},[61,120032,80],{"class":79},[61,120034,83],{"class":75},[61,120036,86],{"class":79},[61,120038,83],{"class":75},[61,120040,91],{"class":79},[61,120042,943],{"class":75},[20,120044,120045,120046,120049],{},"After calling ",[15,120047,120048],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120051,120052,120053,140],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[214,120054,13,120055,1516],{"href":75051},[15,120056,78143],{},[47,120058,120060],{"id":120059},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120062,120063],{},"Here is the core difference:",[29,120065,120066,120075],{},[32,120067,120068,120071,120072],{},[15,120069,120070],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[39,120073,120074],{},"new sorted list",[32,120076,120077,120080,120081,74608],{},[15,120078,120079],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120082,8623],{},[887,120084,120086],{"id":120085},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[52,120088,120090],{"className":54,"code":120089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120091,120092,120112,120116,120130,120149,120168,120172,120182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120093,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120095,900],{"class":67},[61,120097,72],{"class":71},[61,120099,926],{"class":75},[61,120101,1013],{"class":79},[61,120103,83],{"class":75},[61,120105,86],{"class":79},[61,120107,83],{"class":75},[61,120109,112],{"class":79},[61,120111,943],{"class":75},[61,120113,120114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120115,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120117,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120119,37],{"class":67},[61,120121,72],{"class":71},[61,120123,74834],{"class":159},[61,120125,147],{"class":75},[61,120127,3929],{"class":143},[61,120129,153],{"class":75},[61,120131,120132,120134,120136,120138,120141,120143,120145,120147],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120133,160],{"class":159},[61,120135,147],{"class":75},[61,120137,504],{"class":503},[61,120139,120140],{"class":507},"numbers after sorted():",[61,120142,504],{"class":503},[61,120144,83],{"class":75},[61,120146,956],{"class":143},[61,120148,153],{"class":75},[61,120150,120151,120153,120155,120157,120160,120162,120164,120166],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120152,160],{"class":159},[61,120154,147],{"class":75},[61,120156,504],{"class":503},[61,120158,120159],{"class":507},"a:",[61,120161,504],{"class":503},[61,120163,83],{"class":75},[61,120165,320],{"class":143},[61,120167,153],{"class":75},[61,120169,120170],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,120171,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120173,120174,120176,120178,120180],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,120175,3929],{"class":67},[61,120177,140],{"class":75},[61,120179,35074],{"class":143},[61,120181,8926],{"class":75},[61,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190,120193,120195,120197,120199],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,120185,160],{"class":159},[61,120187,147],{"class":75},[61,120189,504],{"class":503},[61,120191,120192],{"class":507},"numbers after sort():",[61,120194,504],{"class":503},[61,120196,83],{"class":75},[61,120198,956],{"class":143},[61,120200,153],{"class":75},[20,120202,120203],{},[39,120204,1598],{},[52,120206,120208],{"className":54,"code":120207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120209,120210,120233,120253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120211,120212,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120213,120214],{"class":67},"numbers after ",[61,120216,74790],{"class":159},[61,120218,29860],{"class":75},[61,120220,926],{"class":75},[61,120222,1013],{"class":79},[61,120224,83],{"class":75},[61,120226,86],{"class":79},[61,120228,83],{"class":75},[61,120230,112],{"class":79},[61,120232,943],{"class":75},[61,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120236,214],{"class":67},[61,120238,192],{"class":75},[61,120240,926],{"class":75},[61,120242,301],{"class":79},[61,120244,83],{"class":75},[61,120246,112],{"class":79},[61,120248,83],{"class":75},[61,120250,117],{"class":79},[61,120252,943],{"class":75},[61,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120256,120214],{"class":67},[61,120258,35074],{"class":143},[61,120260,29860],{"class":75},[61,120262,926],{"class":75},[61,120264,301],{"class":79},[61,120266,83],{"class":75},[61,120268,112],{"class":79},[61,120270,83],{"class":75},[61,120272,117],{"class":79},[61,120274,943],{"class":75},[20,120276,10993],{},[29,120278,120279,120284],{},[32,120280,120281,120283],{},[15,120282,74700],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[32,120285,120286,120288],{},[15,120287,64591],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[47,120290,5240,120292],{"id":120291},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120293,74700],{},[20,120295,1503,120296,10881],{},[15,120297,74700],{},[29,120299,120300,120303,120305,120308],{},[32,120301,120302],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[32,120304,119072],{},[32,120306,120307],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[32,120309,120310],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[887,120312,120314],{"id":120313},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[52,120316,120318],{"className":54,"code":120317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120319,120320,120344,120348,120362,120366,120376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120321,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120323,900],{"class":67},[61,120325,72],{"class":71},[61,120327,1058],{"class":75},[61,120329,788],{"class":79},[61,120331,83],{"class":75},[61,120333,1720],{"class":79},[61,120335,83],{"class":75},[61,120337,91],{"class":79},[61,120339,83],{"class":75},[61,120341,86],{"class":79},[61,120343,153],{"class":75},[61,120345,120346],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120347,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120351,132],{"class":67},[61,120353,72],{"class":71},[61,120355,74834],{"class":159},[61,120357,147],{"class":75},[61,120359,3929],{"class":143},[61,120361,153],{"class":75},[61,120363,120364],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120365,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120369,160],{"class":159},[61,120371,147],{"class":75},[61,120373,165],{"class":143},[61,120375,153],{"class":75},[61,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,120379,160],{"class":159},[61,120381,147],{"class":75},[61,120383,2072],{"class":2071},[61,120385,147],{"class":75},[61,120387,165],{"class":143},[61,120389,1761],{"class":75},[20,120391,120392],{},[39,120393,1598],{},[52,120395,120397],{"className":54,"code":120396,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120398,120399,120419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120402,4182],{"class":75},[61,120404,80],{"class":79},[61,120406,83],{"class":75},[61,120408,86],{"class":79},[61,120410,83],{"class":75},[61,120412,91],{"class":79},[61,120414,83],{"class":75},[61,120416,112],{"class":79},[61,120418,943],{"class":75},[61,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120422,3571],{"class":71},[61,120424,3574],{"class":2350},[61,120426,639],{"class":503},[61,120428,8377],{"class":507},[61,120430,630],{"class":503},[61,120432,3583],{"class":71},[20,120434,462,120435,120437,120438,140],{},[15,120436,74700],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[39,120439,8377],{},[20,120441,120442,120443,120445],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[214,120444,53054],{"href":51261}," is a helpful next step.",[47,120447,5240,120449],{"id":120448},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120450,78143],{},[20,120452,1503,120453,10881],{},[15,120454,78143],{},[29,120456,120457,120460,120463,120466],{},[32,120458,120459],{},"you already have a list",[32,120461,120462],{},"you want to update that list directly",[32,120464,120465],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120467,120468],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[887,120470,120472],{"id":120471},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[52,120474,120476],{"className":54,"code":120475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120477,120478,120510,120514,120524,120528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120479,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120481,5274],{"class":67},[61,120483,72],{"class":71},[61,120485,926],{"class":75},[61,120487,504],{"class":503},[61,120489,5301],{"class":507},[61,120491,504],{"class":503},[61,120493,83],{"class":75},[61,120495,515],{"class":503},[61,120497,5283],{"class":507},[61,120499,504],{"class":503},[61,120501,83],{"class":75},[61,120503,515],{"class":503},[61,120505,5292],{"class":507},[61,120507,504],{"class":503},[61,120509,943],{"class":75},[61,120511,120512],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120513,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120515,120516,120518,120520,120522],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120517,5318],{"class":67},[61,120519,140],{"class":75},[61,120521,35074],{"class":143},[61,120523,8926],{"class":75},[61,120525,120526],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120527,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120529,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120531,160],{"class":159},[61,120533,147],{"class":75},[61,120535,5318],{"class":143},[61,120537,153],{"class":75},[20,120539,120540],{},[39,120541,1598],{},[52,120543,120545],{"className":54,"code":120544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120546,120547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120548,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120550,4182],{"class":75},[61,120552,630],{"class":503},[61,120554,5283],{"class":507},[61,120556,630],{"class":503},[61,120558,83],{"class":75},[61,120560,639],{"class":503},[61,120562,5292],{"class":507},[61,120564,630],{"class":503},[61,120566,83],{"class":75},[61,120568,639],{"class":503},[61,120570,5301],{"class":507},[61,120572,630],{"class":503},[61,120574,943],{"class":75},[20,120576,120577],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120579,120580,120581,140],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[214,120582,80149],{"href":78652},[47,120584,120586,700,120588,120590],{"id":120585},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120587,73853],{},[15,120589,15122],{}," work with both",[20,120592,10870,120593,700,120595,120597],{},[15,120594,74700],{},[15,120596,78143],{}," support:",[29,120599,120600,120605],{},[32,120601,120602,120604],{},[15,120603,78367],{}," for descending order",[32,120606,120607,120610],{},[15,120608,120609],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120612,120613],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[887,120615,120617],{"id":120616},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[52,120619,120621],{"className":54,"code":120620,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120622,120623,120643,120647,120669,120673,120691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120624,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120626,900],{"class":67},[61,120628,72],{"class":71},[61,120630,926],{"class":75},[61,120632,107],{"class":79},[61,120634,83],{"class":75},[61,120636,1720],{"class":79},[61,120638,83],{"class":75},[61,120640,86],{"class":79},[61,120642,943],{"class":75},[61,120644,120645],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120646,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120648,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120650,160],{"class":159},[61,120652,147],{"class":75},[61,120654,74790],{"class":159},[61,120656,147],{"class":75},[61,120658,3929],{"class":143},[61,120660,83],{"class":75},[61,120662,78346],{"class":9459},[61,120664,72],{"class":71},[61,120666,3885],{"class":4133},[61,120668,1761],{"class":75},[61,120670,120671],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120672,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120674,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120676,3929],{"class":67},[61,120678,140],{"class":75},[61,120680,35074],{"class":143},[61,120682,147],{"class":75},[61,120684,73853],{"class":9459},[61,120686,72],{"class":71},[61,120688,3885],{"class":4133},[61,120690,153],{"class":75},[61,120692,120693,120695,120697,120699],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,120694,160],{"class":159},[61,120696,147],{"class":75},[61,120698,3929],{"class":143},[61,120700,153],{"class":75},[20,120702,120703],{},[39,120704,1598],{},[52,120706,120708],{"className":54,"code":120707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120709,120710,120726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120711,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120713,4182],{"class":75},[61,120715,107],{"class":79},[61,120717,83],{"class":75},[61,120719,86],{"class":79},[61,120721,83],{"class":75},[61,120723,1720],{"class":79},[61,120725,943],{"class":75},[61,120727,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120729,4182],{"class":75},[61,120731,107],{"class":79},[61,120733,83],{"class":75},[61,120735,86],{"class":79},[61,120737,83],{"class":75},[61,120739,1720],{"class":79},[61,120741,943],{"class":75},[887,120743,120745],{"id":120744},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[52,120747,120749],{"className":54,"code":120748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120750,120751,120783,120787,120813,120817,120839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120752,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120754,1778],{"class":67},[61,120756,72],{"class":71},[61,120758,926],{"class":75},[61,120760,504],{"class":503},[61,120762,83638],{"class":507},[61,120764,504],{"class":503},[61,120766,83],{"class":75},[61,120768,515],{"class":503},[61,120770,508],{"class":507},[61,120772,504],{"class":503},[61,120774,83],{"class":75},[61,120776,515],{"class":503},[61,120778,118937],{"class":507},[61,120780,504],{"class":503},[61,120782,943],{"class":75},[61,120784,120785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120786,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120788,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120790,160],{"class":159},[61,120792,147],{"class":75},[61,120794,74790],{"class":159},[61,120796,147],{"class":75},[61,120798,4394],{"class":143},[61,120800,83],{"class":75},[61,120802,21858],{"class":9459},[61,120804,72],{"class":71},[61,120806,3724],{"class":2071},[61,120808,140],{"class":75},[61,120810,8923],{"class":2103},[61,120812,1761],{"class":75},[61,120814,120815],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120816,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120820,4394],{"class":67},[61,120822,140],{"class":75},[61,120824,35074],{"class":143},[61,120826,147],{"class":75},[61,120828,15122],{"class":9459},[61,120830,72],{"class":71},[61,120832,3724],{"class":2071},[61,120834,140],{"class":75},[61,120836,8923],{"class":2103},[61,120838,153],{"class":75},[61,120840,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,120842,160],{"class":159},[61,120844,147],{"class":75},[61,120846,4394],{"class":143},[61,120848,153],{"class":75},[20,120850,120851],{},[39,120852,1598],{},[52,120854,120856],{"className":54,"code":120855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120857,120858,120886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120859,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120861,4182],{"class":75},[61,120863,630],{"class":503},[61,120865,508],{"class":507},[61,120867,630],{"class":503},[61,120869,83],{"class":75},[61,120871,639],{"class":503},[61,120873,83638],{"class":507},[61,120875,630],{"class":503},[61,120877,83],{"class":75},[61,120879,639],{"class":503},[61,120881,118937],{"class":507},[61,120883,630],{"class":503},[61,120885,943],{"class":75},[61,120887,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120889,4182],{"class":75},[61,120891,630],{"class":503},[61,120893,508],{"class":507},[61,120895,630],{"class":503},[61,120897,83],{"class":75},[61,120899,639],{"class":503},[61,120901,83638],{"class":507},[61,120903,630],{"class":503},[61,120905,83],{"class":75},[61,120907,639],{"class":503},[61,120909,118937],{"class":507},[61,120911,630],{"class":503},[61,120913,943],{"class":75},[20,120915,716,120916,120918],{},[15,120917,78861],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120920,120921,120922,140],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[214,120923,120925],{"href":120924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[47,120927,120929],{"id":120928},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120931,120932],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[887,120934,120936,120937,12878],{"id":120935},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120938,78143],{},[20,120940,120941],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[52,120943,120945],{"className":54,"code":120944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120946,120947,120967,120971,120985,120989,120999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120948,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120950,900],{"class":67},[61,120952,72],{"class":71},[61,120954,926],{"class":75},[61,120956,107],{"class":79},[61,120958,83],{"class":75},[61,120960,1720],{"class":79},[61,120962,83],{"class":75},[61,120964,86],{"class":79},[61,120966,943],{"class":75},[61,120968,120969],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120970,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120972,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,120974,132],{"class":67},[61,120976,72],{"class":71},[61,120978,956],{"class":67},[61,120980,140],{"class":75},[61,120982,35074],{"class":143},[61,120984,8926],{"class":75},[61,120986,120987],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,120988,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,120992,160],{"class":159},[61,120994,147],{"class":75},[61,120996,165],{"class":143},[61,120998,153],{"class":75},[61,121000,121001,121003,121005,121007],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,121002,160],{"class":159},[61,121004,147],{"class":75},[61,121006,3929],{"class":143},[61,121008,153],{"class":75},[20,121010,121011],{},[39,121012,1598],{},[52,121014,121015],{"className":54,"code":79484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,121016,121017,121021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121018,121019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121020,12088],{"class":4133},[61,121022,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121024,4182],{"class":75},[61,121026,80],{"class":79},[61,121028,83],{"class":75},[61,121030,86],{"class":79},[61,121032,83],{"class":75},[61,121034,91],{"class":79},[61,121036,943],{"class":75},[20,121038,12180],{},[29,121040,121041,121046,121051],{},[32,121042,121043,121045],{},[15,121044,120048],{}," sorts the list in place",[32,121047,35290,121048,121050],{},[39,121049,4909],{}," return the sorted list",[32,121052,90262,121053,42433,121055],{},[15,121054,165],{},[15,121056,4058],{},[887,121058,121060,121061,121063],{"id":121059},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121062,74700],{}," to change the original list",[52,121065,121067],{"className":54,"code":121066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121068,121069,121089,121093,121103,121107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121070,121071,121073,121075,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085,121087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121072,900],{"class":67},[61,121074,72],{"class":71},[61,121076,926],{"class":75},[61,121078,107],{"class":79},[61,121080,83],{"class":75},[61,121082,1720],{"class":79},[61,121084,83],{"class":75},[61,121086,86],{"class":79},[61,121088,943],{"class":75},[61,121090,121091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121092,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121094,121095,121097,121099,121101],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121096,74790],{"class":159},[61,121098,147],{"class":75},[61,121100,3929],{"class":143},[61,121102,153],{"class":75},[61,121104,121105],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121106,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121108,121109,121111,121113,121115],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,121110,160],{"class":159},[61,121112,147],{"class":75},[61,121114,3929],{"class":143},[61,121116,153],{"class":75},[20,121118,121119],{},[39,121120,1598],{},[52,121122,121123],{"className":54,"code":119269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,121124,121125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121126,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121128,4182],{"class":75},[61,121130,107],{"class":79},[61,121132,83],{"class":75},[61,121134,1720],{"class":79},[61,121136,83],{"class":75},[61,121138,86],{"class":79},[61,121140,943],{"class":75},[20,121142,121143,121146],{},[15,121144,121145],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121148,11087],{},[52,121150,121152],{"className":54,"code":121151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121153,121154,121174,121178,121192,121196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121155,121156,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168,121170,121172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121157,900],{"class":67},[61,121159,72],{"class":71},[61,121161,926],{"class":75},[61,121163,107],{"class":79},[61,121165,83],{"class":75},[61,121167,1720],{"class":79},[61,121169,83],{"class":75},[61,121171,86],{"class":79},[61,121173,943],{"class":75},[61,121175,121176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121177,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121179,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121181,55925],{"class":67},[61,121183,72],{"class":71},[61,121185,74834],{"class":159},[61,121187,147],{"class":75},[61,121189,3929],{"class":143},[61,121191,153],{"class":75},[61,121193,121194],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121195,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121197,121198,121200,121202,121204],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,121199,160],{"class":159},[61,121201,147],{"class":75},[61,121203,55944],{"class":143},[61,121205,153],{"class":75},[887,121207,121209,121210,121212],{"id":121208},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121211,64591],{}," on a tuple or string",[52,121214,121215],{"className":54,"code":79586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,121216,121217,121229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121218,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121220,34962],{"class":67},[61,121222,72],{"class":71},[61,121224,515],{"class":503},[61,121226,56],{"class":507},[61,121228,3639],{"class":503},[61,121230,121231,121233,121235,121237],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121232,34983],{"class":67},[61,121234,140],{"class":75},[61,121236,35074],{"class":143},[61,121238,8926],{"class":75},[20,121240,121241,121242,33875],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121243,64591],{},[20,121245,121246,121248],{},[15,121247,64591],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121250,121251,121252,121254,121255,140],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121253,74700],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[214,121256,5416],{"href":5866},[887,121258,121260,121261,119306],{"id":121259},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121262,74700],{},[52,121264,121266],{"className":54,"code":121265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121267,121268,121281,121295,121299,121309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276,121279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121271,34962],{"class":67},[61,121273,72],{"class":71},[61,121275,515],{"class":503},[61,121277,121278],{"class":507},"cab",[61,121280,3639],{"class":503},[61,121282,121283,121285,121287,121289,121291,121293],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121284,132],{"class":67},[61,121286,72],{"class":71},[61,121288,74834],{"class":159},[61,121290,147],{"class":75},[61,121292,34983],{"class":143},[61,121294,153],{"class":75},[61,121296,121297],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121298,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121302,160],{"class":159},[61,121304,147],{"class":75},[61,121306,165],{"class":143},[61,121308,153],{"class":75},[61,121310,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319,121321],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,121312,160],{"class":159},[61,121314,147],{"class":75},[61,121316,2072],{"class":2071},[61,121318,147],{"class":75},[61,121320,165],{"class":143},[61,121322,1761],{"class":75},[20,121324,121325],{},[39,121326,1598],{},[52,121328,121330],{"className":54,"code":121329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121331,121332,121360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121333,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121335,4182],{"class":75},[61,121337,630],{"class":503},[61,121339,214],{"class":507},[61,121341,630],{"class":503},[61,121343,83],{"class":75},[61,121345,639],{"class":503},[61,121347,329],{"class":507},[61,121349,630],{"class":503},[61,121351,83],{"class":75},[61,121353,639],{"class":503},[61,121355,1071],{"class":507},[61,121357,630],{"class":503},[61,121359,943],{"class":75},[61,121361,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121363,3571],{"class":71},[61,121365,3574],{"class":2350},[61,121367,639],{"class":503},[61,121369,8377],{"class":507},[61,121371,630],{"class":503},[61,121373,3583],{"class":71},[20,121375,121376],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[47,121378,2003],{"id":2002},[20,121380,121381],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[29,121383,121384,121387,121392,121397,121403],{},[32,121385,121386],{},"confusing a function with a method",[32,121388,121389,121390,53927],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121391,64591],{},[32,121393,121394,121395,12878],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121396,78143],{},[32,121398,121399,121400,121402],{},"trying to use ",[15,121401,64591],{}," on non-list data types",[32,121404,50787,121405,121407],{},[15,121406,74700],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121409,121410],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,121412,121414],{"className":54,"code":121413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121415,121416,121426,121440,121465,121480,121490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121417,121418,121420,121422,121424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121419,160],{"class":159},[61,121421,147],{"class":75},[61,121423,8623],{"class":143},[61,121425,153],{"class":75},[61,121427,121428,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121429,160],{"class":159},[61,121431,147],{"class":75},[61,121433,74790],{"class":159},[61,121435,147],{"class":75},[61,121437,8623],{"class":143},[61,121439,1761],{"class":75},[61,121441,121442,121444,121446,121448,121450,121452,121454,121457,121459,121461,121463],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121443,132],{"class":67},[61,121445,72],{"class":71},[61,121447,8680],{"class":67},[61,121449,140],{"class":75},[61,121451,35074],{"class":143},[61,121453,7646],{"class":75},[61,121455,121456],{"class":67},"; ",[61,121458,160],{"class":159},[61,121460,147],{"class":75},[61,121462,165],{"class":143},[61,121464,153],{"class":75},[61,121466,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475,121478],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121468,160],{"class":159},[61,121470,147],{"class":75},[61,121472,2072],{"class":2071},[61,121474,147],{"class":75},[61,121476,121477],{"class":143},"my_data",[61,121479,1761],{"class":75},[61,121481,121482,121484,121486,121488],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,121483,2093],{"class":159},[61,121485,147],{"class":75},[61,121487,74790],{"class":159},[61,121489,153],{"class":75},[61,121491,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500,121502],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,121493,2093],{"class":159},[61,121495,147],{"class":75},[61,121497,8377],{"class":2071},[61,121499,140],{"class":75},[61,121501,35074],{"class":2103},[61,121503,153],{"class":75},[20,121505,84648],{},[29,121507,121508,121511,121515,121523],{},[32,121509,121510],{},"whether your original list changed",[32,121512,26295,121513,11985],{},[15,121514,74700],{},[32,121516,121517,121518,121520,121521],{},"whether ",[15,121519,64591],{}," returned ",[15,121522,4058],{},[32,121524,121525],{},"what type of object you are working with",[47,121527,121529],{"id":121528},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121531,121532],{},"Use this rule:",[29,121534,121535,121543],{},[32,121536,121537,121538,121540,121541],{},"Need a ",[39,121539,119631],{},": use ",[15,121542,74700],{},[32,121544,121545,121546,121540,121549],{},"Need to ",[39,121547,121548],{},"change one list directly",[15,121550,78143],{},[20,121552,121553,121554,121556],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121555,74700],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[47,121558,2109],{"id":2108},[887,121560,121562,121563,3159,121565,2159],{"id":121561},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121564,74700],{},[15,121566,78143],{},[20,121568,121569,121571],{},[15,121570,74700],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[887,121573,5438,121575,5441,121577,2159],{"id":121574},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121576,78143],{},[15,121578,4058],{},[20,121580,121581],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[887,121583,2123,121585,121587],{"id":121584},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121586,74700],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121589,121590],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[887,121592,2133,121594,121596],{"id":121593},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121595,64591],{}," on a string?",[20,121598,46645,121599,121601,121602,40207],{},[15,121600,64591],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121603,121604],{},"sorted(string)",[887,121606,12099,121608,700,121610,121612],{"id":121607},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121609,74700],{},[15,121611,64591],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121614,121615,121616,140],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121617,78367],{},[47,121619,2172],{"id":2171},[29,121621,121622,121628,121634,121638,121642],{},[32,121623,121624],{},[214,121625,13,121626,3790],{"href":74797},[15,121627,74700],{},[32,121629,121630],{},[214,121631,13,121632,1516],{"href":75051},[15,121633,78143],{},[32,121635,121636],{},[214,121637,80149],{"href":78652},[32,121639,121640],{},[214,121641,120925],{"href":120924},[32,121643,121644],{},[214,121645,53054],{"href":51261},[2204,121647,121648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":121650},[121651,121652,121653,121657,121661,121664,121668,121672,121677,121687,121688,121689,121701],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":119719,"depth":97,"text":119720},{"id":117822,"depth":97,"text":119544,"children":121654},[121655],{"id":119786,"depth":122,"text":121656},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78209,"depth":97,"text":80171,"children":121658},[121659],{"id":119963,"depth":122,"text":121660},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120059,"depth":97,"text":120060,"children":121662},[121663],{"id":120085,"depth":122,"text":120086},{"id":120291,"depth":97,"text":121665,"children":121666},"When to use sorted()",[121667],{"id":120313,"depth":122,"text":120314},{"id":120448,"depth":97,"text":121669,"children":121670},"When to use list.sort()",[121671],{"id":120471,"depth":122,"text":120472},{"id":120585,"depth":97,"text":121673,"children":121674},"reverse and key work with both",[121675,121676],{"id":120616,"depth":122,"text":120617},{"id":120744,"depth":122,"text":120745},{"id":120928,"depth":97,"text":120929,"children":121678},[121679,121681,121683,121685],{"id":120935,"depth":122,"text":121680},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121059,"depth":122,"text":121682},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121208,"depth":122,"text":121684},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121259,"depth":122,"text":121686},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":2002,"depth":97,"text":2003},{"id":121528,"depth":97,"text":121529},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":121690},[121691,121693,121695,121697,121699],{"id":121561,"depth":122,"text":121692},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121574,"depth":122,"text":121694},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121584,"depth":122,"text":121696},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121593,"depth":122,"text":121698},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121607,"depth":122,"text":121700},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119590,"description":121702},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121708,"title":42454,"body":121709,"description":123441,"extension":2249,"meta":123442,"navigation":125,"path":123443,"seo":123444,"stem":123445,"__hash__":123446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121710,"toc":123398},[121711,121716,121721,121727,121729,121784,121788,121811,121816,121821,121826,121828,121859,121862,121876,121878,121880,121895,121900,121904,121907,121958,121962,121976,121983,121987,121991,122046,122050,122073,122077,122133,122137,122160,122164,122219,122223,122246,122250,122317,122321,122356,122362,122367,122372,122374,122388,122390,122464,122468,122488,122493,122500,122503,122515,122517,122586,122590,122627,122630,122655,122662,122671,122674,122686,122692,122698,122700,122706,122711,122790,122794,122835,122839,122841,122868,122871,122894,122897,122903,122906,122943,122955,122962,122964,123015,123018,123050,123053,123055,123062,123064,123079,123081,123138,123142,123166,123168,123173,123189,123196,123200,123203,123286,123296,123298,123303,123306,123312,123315,123321,123324,123330,123333,123340,123348,123350,123395],[10,121712,13,121714,3860],{"id":121713},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121715,47964],{},[20,121717,32592,121718,121720],{},[15,121719,47964],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121722,121723,121724,121726],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121725,47964],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[47,121728,50],{"id":49},[52,121730,121732],{"className":54,"code":121731,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121733,121734,121742,121756,121760,121770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121735,121736,121738,121740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121737,21907],{"class":67},[61,121739,72],{"class":71},[61,121741,45505],{"class":79},[61,121743,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121745,34962],{"class":67},[61,121747,72],{"class":71},[61,121749,49185],{"class":2071},[61,121751,147],{"class":75},[61,121753,9581],{"class":143},[61,121755,153],{"class":75},[61,121757,121758],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121759,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121763,160],{"class":159},[61,121765,147],{"class":75},[61,121767,34983],{"class":143},[61,121769,153],{"class":75},[61,121771,121772,121774,121776,121778,121780,121782],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,121773,160],{"class":159},[61,121775,147],{"class":75},[61,121777,2072],{"class":2071},[61,121779,147],{"class":75},[61,121781,34983],{"class":143},[61,121783,1761],{"class":75},[20,121785,121786],{},[39,121787,1598],{},[52,121789,121791],{"className":54,"code":121790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121792,121793,121797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121794,121795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121796,2989],{"class":79},[61,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121800,3571],{"class":71},[61,121802,3574],{"class":2350},[61,121804,639],{"class":503},[61,121806,3724],{"class":507},[61,121808,630],{"class":503},[61,121810,3583],{"class":71},[20,121812,1503,121813,121815],{},[15,121814,47964],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[47,121817,184,121819,187],{"id":121818},"what-str-does",[15,121820,47964],{},[20,121822,121823,121825],{},[15,121824,47964],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121827,2392],{},[29,121829,121830,121837,121844,121851],{},[32,121831,121832,121833,42433,121835],{},"An integer like ",[15,121834,2613],{},[15,121836,42405],{},[32,121838,121839,121840,42433,121842],{},"A float like ",[15,121841,40421],{},[15,121843,48375],{},[32,121845,121846,121847,42433,121849],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121848,3885],{},[15,121850,6920],{},[32,121852,121853,121854,42433,121856],{},"A list like ",[15,121855,75522],{},[15,121857,121858],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121860,121861],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[29,121863,121864,121867,121870,121873],{},[32,121865,121866],{},"print it",[32,121868,121869],{},"combine it with other strings",[32,121871,121872],{},"save it to a file",[32,121874,121875],{},"use it in messages",[47,121877,221],{"id":220},[20,121879,7498],{},[52,121881,121883],{"className":54,"code":121882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"str(object)\n",[15,121884,121885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121886,121887,121889,121891,121893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121888,3724],{"class":2071},[61,121890,147],{"class":75},[61,121892,42677],{"class":2071},[61,121894,153],{"class":75},[20,121896,21050,121897,121899],{},[15,121898,42677],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121901,121902,8509],{},[15,121903,47964],{},[20,121905,121906],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[52,121908,121910],{"className":54,"code":121909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121911,121912,121921,121944,121948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121913,121914,121916,121918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121915,5375],{"class":67},[61,121917,72],{"class":71},[61,121919,121920],{"class":79}," 100\n",[61,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940,121942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121924,90282],{"class":67},[61,121926,72],{"class":71},[61,121928,515],{"class":503},[61,121930,121931],{"class":507},"Your score is ",[61,121933,504],{"class":503},[61,121935,2737],{"class":71},[61,121937,49185],{"class":2071},[61,121939,147],{"class":75},[61,121941,85795],{"class":143},[61,121943,153],{"class":75},[61,121945,121946],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,121947,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,121949,121950,121952,121954,121956],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,121951,160],{"class":159},[61,121953,147],{"class":75},[61,121955,90299],{"class":143},[61,121957,153],{"class":75},[20,121959,121960],{},[39,121961,1598],{},[52,121963,121965],{"className":54,"code":121964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121966,121967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121968,121969,121972,121974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121970,121971],{"class":67},"Your score ",[61,121973,12474],{"class":71},[61,121975,121920],{"class":79},[20,121977,2578,121978,121982],{},[214,121979,121980,2585],{"href":2581},[15,121981,2584],{}," can help you check.",[47,121984,121986],{"id":121985},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[887,121988,121990],{"id":121989},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[52,121992,121994],{"className":54,"code":121993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121995,121996,122004,122018,122022,122032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121997,121998,122000,122002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121999,2501],{"class":67},[61,122001,72],{"class":71},[61,122003,2867],{"class":79},[61,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122007,34962],{"class":67},[61,122009,72],{"class":71},[61,122011,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122013,147],{"class":75},[61,122015,2523],{"class":143},[61,122017,153],{"class":75},[61,122019,122020],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122021,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122025,160],{"class":159},[61,122027,147],{"class":75},[61,122029,34983],{"class":143},[61,122031,153],{"class":75},[61,122033,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122035,160],{"class":159},[61,122037,147],{"class":75},[61,122039,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122041,147],{"class":75},[61,122043,34983],{"class":143},[61,122045,1761],{"class":75},[20,122047,122048],{},[39,122049,1598],{},[52,122051,122053],{"className":54,"code":122052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122054,122055,122059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122056,122057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122058,2659],{"class":79},[61,122060,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122062,3571],{"class":71},[61,122064,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122066,639],{"class":503},[61,122068,3724],{"class":507},[61,122070,630],{"class":503},[61,122072,3583],{"class":71},[887,122074,122076],{"id":122075},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[52,122078,122080],{"className":54,"code":122079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122081,122082,122091,122105,122109,122119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122083,122084,122086,122088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122085,40665],{"class":67},[61,122087,72],{"class":71},[61,122089,122090],{"class":79}," 3.14\n",[61,122092,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122094,34962],{"class":67},[61,122096,72],{"class":71},[61,122098,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122100,147],{"class":75},[61,122102,25425],{"class":143},[61,122104,153],{"class":75},[61,122106,122107],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122108,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122110,122111,122113,122115,122117],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122112,160],{"class":159},[61,122114,147],{"class":75},[61,122116,34983],{"class":143},[61,122118,153],{"class":75},[61,122120,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122122,160],{"class":159},[61,122124,147],{"class":75},[61,122126,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122128,147],{"class":75},[61,122130,34983],{"class":143},[61,122132,1761],{"class":75},[20,122134,122135],{},[39,122136,1598],{},[52,122138,122140],{"className":54,"code":122139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122141,122142,122146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122143,122144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122145,40455],{"class":79},[61,122147,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122149,3571],{"class":71},[61,122151,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122153,639],{"class":503},[61,122155,3724],{"class":507},[61,122157,630],{"class":503},[61,122159,3583],{"class":71},[887,122161,122163],{"id":122162},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[52,122165,122167],{"className":54,"code":122166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122168,122169,122177,122191,122195,122205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122170,122171,122173,122175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122172,2730],{"class":67},[61,122174,72],{"class":71},[61,122176,6702],{"class":4133},[61,122178,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122180,34962],{"class":67},[61,122182,72],{"class":71},[61,122184,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122186,147],{"class":75},[61,122188,2755],{"class":143},[61,122190,153],{"class":75},[61,122192,122193],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122194,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122196,122197,122199,122201,122203],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122198,160],{"class":159},[61,122200,147],{"class":75},[61,122202,34983],{"class":143},[61,122204,153],{"class":75},[61,122206,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215,122217],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122208,160],{"class":159},[61,122210,147],{"class":75},[61,122212,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122214,147],{"class":75},[61,122216,34983],{"class":143},[61,122218,1761],{"class":75},[20,122220,122221],{},[39,122222,1598],{},[52,122224,122226],{"className":54,"code":122225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122227,122228,122232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122229,122230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122231,4262],{"class":4133},[61,122233,122234,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122235,3571],{"class":71},[61,122237,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122239,639],{"class":503},[61,122241,3724],{"class":507},[61,122243,630],{"class":503},[61,122245,3583],{"class":71},[887,122247,122249],{"id":122248},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[52,122251,122253],{"className":54,"code":122252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122254,122255,122275,122289,122293,122303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122256,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122258,8061],{"class":67},[61,122260,72],{"class":71},[61,122262,926],{"class":75},[61,122264,80],{"class":79},[61,122266,83],{"class":75},[61,122268,86],{"class":79},[61,122270,83],{"class":75},[61,122272,91],{"class":79},[61,122274,943],{"class":75},[61,122276,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122278,34962],{"class":67},[61,122280,72],{"class":71},[61,122282,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122284,147],{"class":75},[61,122286,8092],{"class":143},[61,122288,153],{"class":75},[61,122290,122291],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122292,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122294,122295,122297,122299,122301],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122296,160],{"class":159},[61,122298,147],{"class":75},[61,122300,34983],{"class":143},[61,122302,153],{"class":75},[61,122304,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122306,160],{"class":159},[61,122308,147],{"class":75},[61,122310,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122312,147],{"class":75},[61,122314,34983],{"class":143},[61,122316,1761],{"class":75},[20,122318,122319],{},[39,122320,1598],{},[52,122322,122324],{"className":54,"code":122323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122325,122326,122342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122327,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338,122340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122329,4182],{"class":75},[61,122331,80],{"class":79},[61,122333,83],{"class":75},[61,122335,86],{"class":79},[61,122337,83],{"class":75},[61,122339,91],{"class":79},[61,122341,943],{"class":75},[61,122343,122344,122346,122348,122350,122352,122354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122345,3571],{"class":71},[61,122347,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122349,639],{"class":503},[61,122351,3724],{"class":507},[61,122353,630],{"class":503},[61,122355,3583],{"class":71},[20,122357,122358,122359,122361],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[39,122360,4909],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[47,122363,5240,122365],{"id":122364},"when-to-use-str",[15,122366,47964],{},[20,122368,1503,122369,122371],{},[15,122370,47964],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122373,36702],{},[29,122375,122376,122379,122382,122385],{},[32,122377,122378],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[32,122380,122381],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[32,122383,122384],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[32,122386,122387],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122389,368],{},[52,122391,122393],{"className":54,"code":122392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122394,122395,122407,122415,122419,122454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122396,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122398,8159],{"class":67},[61,122400,72],{"class":71},[61,122402,515],{"class":503},[61,122404,11788],{"class":507},[61,122406,3639],{"class":503},[61,122408,122409,122411,122413],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122410,21907],{"class":67},[61,122412,72],{"class":71},[61,122414,45505],{"class":79},[61,122416,122417],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122418,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122420,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429,122431,122433,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449,122452],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122422,90282],{"class":67},[61,122424,72],{"class":71},[61,122426,36245],{"class":67},[61,122428,2345],{"class":71},[61,122430,515],{"class":503},[61,122432,5062],{"class":507},[61,122434,504],{"class":503},[61,122436,2737],{"class":71},[61,122438,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122440,147],{"class":75},[61,122442,9581],{"class":143},[61,122444,442],{"class":75},[61,122446,2737],{"class":71},[61,122448,515],{"class":503},[61,122450,122451],{"class":507}," years old.",[61,122453,3639],{"class":503},[61,122455,122456,122458,122460,122462],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122457,160],{"class":159},[61,122459,147],{"class":75},[61,122461,90299],{"class":143},[61,122463,153],{"class":75},[20,122465,122466],{},[39,122467,1598],{},[52,122469,122471],{"className":54,"code":122470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122472,122473],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122474,122475,122478,122480,122482,122485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122476,122477],{"class":67},"Maya ",[61,122479,12474],{"class":71},[61,122481,9588],{"class":79},[61,122483,122484],{"class":67}," years old",[61,122486,122487],{"class":75},".\n",[20,122489,122490,122491,140],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[214,122492,89968],{"href":89967},[47,122494,122496,1310,122498],{"id":122495},"str-vs-print",[15,122497,47964],{},[15,122499,46732],{},[20,122501,122502],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[29,122504,122505,122510],{},[32,122506,122507,122509],{},[15,122508,47964],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[32,122511,122512,122514],{},[15,122513,46732],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122516,368],{},[52,122518,122520],{"className":54,"code":122519,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122521,122522,122530,122534,122548,122558,122572],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122523,122524,122526,122528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122525,2730],{"class":67},[61,122527,72],{"class":71},[61,122529,3049],{"class":79},[61,122531,122532],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122533,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122535,122536,122538,122540,122542,122544,122546],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122537,34962],{"class":67},[61,122539,72],{"class":71},[61,122541,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122543,147],{"class":75},[61,122545,2755],{"class":143},[61,122547,153],{"class":75},[61,122549,122550,122552,122554,122556],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122551,160],{"class":159},[61,122553,147],{"class":75},[61,122555,34983],{"class":143},[61,122557,153],{"class":75},[61,122559,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122570],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122561,160],{"class":159},[61,122563,147],{"class":75},[61,122565,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122567,147],{"class":75},[61,122569,34983],{"class":143},[61,122571,1761],{"class":75},[61,122573,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,122575,160],{"class":159},[61,122577,147],{"class":75},[61,122579,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122581,147],{"class":75},[61,122583,2755],{"class":143},[61,122585,1761],{"class":75},[20,122587,122588],{},[39,122589,1598],{},[52,122591,122593],{"className":54,"code":122592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122594,122595,122599,122613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122596,122597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122598,46892],{"class":79},[61,122600,122601,122603,122605,122607,122609,122611],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122602,3571],{"class":71},[61,122604,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122606,639],{"class":503},[61,122608,3724],{"class":507},[61,122610,630],{"class":503},[61,122612,3583],{"class":71},[61,122614,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623,122625],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122616,3571],{"class":71},[61,122618,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122620,639],{"class":503},[61,122622,2473],{"class":507},[61,122624,630],{"class":503},[61,122626,3583],{"class":71},[20,122628,122629],{},"Notice:",[29,122631,122632,122638,122643],{},[32,122633,122634,122637],{},[15,122635,122636],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[32,122639,122640,122642],{},[15,122641,46732],{}," only displayed values",[32,122644,122645,122647,122648,122650,122651,61582,122653],{},[15,122646,46732],{}," did not change ",[15,122649,2755],{}," from ",[15,122652,2473],{},[15,122654,3724],{},[20,122656,122657,122658,140],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[214,122659,122660,2585],{"href":46729},[15,122661,46732],{},[47,122663,122665,1310,122667,122670],{"id":122664},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122666,47964],{},[15,122668,122669],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122672,122673],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[29,122675,122676,122681],{},[32,122677,122678,122680],{},[15,122679,47964],{}," is the more readable text version",[32,122682,122683,122685],{},[15,122684,122669],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122687,122688,122689,122691],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122690,47964],{}," much more often.",[20,122693,122694,122695,122697],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122696,47964],{}," is usually the right choice.",[47,122699,1520],{"id":1519},[887,122701,26050,122703,122705],{"id":122702},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122704,47964],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122707,122708,122710],{},[15,122709,47964],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[52,122712,122714],{"className":54,"code":122713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122715,122716,122724,122738,122742,122752,122766,122776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122717,122718,122720,122722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122719,21907],{"class":67},[61,122721,72],{"class":71},[61,122723,45505],{"class":79},[61,122725,122726,122728,122730,122732,122734,122736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122727,34962],{"class":67},[61,122729,72],{"class":71},[61,122731,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122733,147],{"class":75},[61,122735,9581],{"class":143},[61,122737,153],{"class":75},[61,122739,122740],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122741,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122743,122744,122746,122748,122750],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122745,160],{"class":159},[61,122747,147],{"class":75},[61,122749,9581],{"class":143},[61,122751,153],{"class":75},[61,122753,122754,122756,122758,122760,122762,122764],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,122755,160],{"class":159},[61,122757,147],{"class":75},[61,122759,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122761,147],{"class":75},[61,122763,9581],{"class":143},[61,122765,1761],{"class":75},[61,122767,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,122769,160],{"class":159},[61,122771,147],{"class":75},[61,122773,34983],{"class":143},[61,122775,153],{"class":75},[61,122777,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,122779,160],{"class":159},[61,122781,147],{"class":75},[61,122783,2072],{"class":2071},[61,122785,147],{"class":75},[61,122787,34983],{"class":143},[61,122789,1761],{"class":75},[20,122791,122792],{},[39,122793,1598],{},[52,122795,122797],{"className":54,"code":122796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122798,122799,122803,122817,122821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122800,122801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122802,2989],{"class":79},[61,122804,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122806,3571],{"class":71},[61,122808,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122810,639],{"class":503},[61,122812,2473],{"class":507},[61,122814,630],{"class":503},[61,122816,3583],{"class":71},[61,122818,122819],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122820,2989],{"class":79},[61,122822,122823,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122824,3571],{"class":71},[61,122826,3574],{"class":2350},[61,122828,639],{"class":503},[61,122830,3724],{"class":507},[61,122832,630],{"class":503},[61,122834,3583],{"class":71},[887,122836,122838],{"id":122837},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122840,6967],{},[52,122842,122844],{"className":54,"code":122843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122845,122846,122854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122847,122848,122850,122852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122849,21907],{"class":67},[61,122851,72],{"class":71},[61,122853,45505],{"class":79},[61,122855,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122857,34962],{"class":67},[61,122859,72],{"class":71},[61,122861,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122863,147],{"class":75},[61,122865,9581],{"class":143},[61,122867,153],{"class":75},[20,122869,122870],{},"But if you only do this:",[52,122872,122874],{"className":54,"code":122873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122875,122876,122884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122877,122878,122880,122882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122879,21907],{"class":67},[61,122881,72],{"class":71},[61,122883,45505],{"class":79},[61,122885,122886,122888,122890,122892],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122887,3724],{"class":2071},[61,122889,147],{"class":75},[61,122891,9581],{"class":143},[61,122893,153],{"class":75},[20,122895,122896],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[887,122898,716,122900,122902],{"id":122899},"using-str-too-early",[15,122901,47964],{}," too early",[20,122904,122905],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[52,122907,122909],{"className":54,"code":122908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122910,122911,122919,122934,122938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122912,122913,122915,122917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122914,40665],{"class":67},[61,122916,72],{"class":71},[61,122918,2867],{"class":79},[61,122920,122921,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122922,122923],{"class":67},"text_price ",[61,122925,72],{"class":71},[61,122927,49185],{"class":2071},[61,122929,147],{"class":75},[61,122931,25425],{"class":143},[61,122933,153],{"class":75},[61,122935,122936],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,122937,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,122939,122940],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,122941,122942],{"class":173},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122944,122945,122946,3159,122950,122954],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[214,122947,122948],{"href":3155},[15,122949,3158],{},[214,122951,122952],{"href":3162},[15,122953,3165],{},", depending on the situation.",[887,122956,1524,122958,122961],{"id":122957},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122959,122960],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122963,64923],{},[52,122965,122967],{"className":54,"code":122966,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122968,122969,123001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122970,122971,122973,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122972,8061],{"class":67},[61,122974,72],{"class":71},[61,122976,926],{"class":75},[61,122978,504],{"class":503},[61,122980,508],{"class":507},[61,122982,504],{"class":503},[61,122984,83],{"class":75},[61,122986,515],{"class":503},[61,122988,518],{"class":507},[61,122990,504],{"class":503},[61,122992,83],{"class":75},[61,122994,515],{"class":503},[61,122996,527],{"class":507},[61,122998,504],{"class":503},[61,123000,943],{"class":75},[61,123002,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123004,160],{"class":159},[61,123006,147],{"class":75},[61,123008,3724],{"class":2071},[61,123010,147],{"class":75},[61,123012,8092],{"class":143},[61,123014,1761],{"class":75},[20,123016,123017],{},"prints:",[52,123019,123020],{"className":54,"code":73112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123021,123022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123023,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123025,4182],{"class":75},[61,123027,630],{"class":503},[61,123029,508],{"class":507},[61,123031,630],{"class":503},[61,123033,83],{"class":75},[61,123035,639],{"class":503},[61,123037,518],{"class":507},[61,123039,630],{"class":503},[61,123041,83],{"class":75},[61,123043,639],{"class":503},[61,123045,527],{"class":507},[61,123047,630],{"class":503},[61,123049,943],{"class":75},[20,123051,123052],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[47,123054,17698],{"id":17697},[20,123056,123057,22252,123059,140],{},[15,123058,47964],{},[39,123060,123061],{},"new string",[20,123063,11739],{},[29,123065,123066,123069,123072],{},[32,123067,123068],{},"It always returns a string",[32,123070,123071],{},"It does not modify the original object",[32,123073,8044,123074,123078],{},[214,123075,123076],{"href":2581},[15,123077,2584],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123080,368],{},[52,123082,123084],{"className":54,"code":123083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123085,123086,123094,123109,123113,123124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123087,123088,123090,123092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123089,2730],{"class":67},[61,123091,72],{"class":71},[61,123093,14411],{"class":79},[61,123095,123096,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123097,123098],{"class":67},"converted ",[61,123100,72],{"class":71},[61,123102,49185],{"class":2071},[61,123104,147],{"class":75},[61,123106,2755],{"class":143},[61,123108,153],{"class":75},[61,123110,123111],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,123112,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,123114,123115,123117,123119,123122],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,123116,160],{"class":159},[61,123118,147],{"class":75},[61,123120,123121],{"class":143},"converted",[61,123123,153],{"class":75},[61,123125,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,123127,160],{"class":159},[61,123129,147],{"class":75},[61,123131,2072],{"class":2071},[61,123133,147],{"class":75},[61,123135,123121],{"class":143},[61,123137,1761],{"class":75},[20,123139,123140],{},[39,123141,1598],{},[52,123143,123145],{"className":54,"code":123144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123146,123147,123152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123148,123149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123150,123151],{"class":79},"99\n",[61,123153,123154,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123155,3571],{"class":71},[61,123157,3574],{"class":2350},[61,123159,639],{"class":503},[61,123161,3724],{"class":507},[61,123163,630],{"class":503},[61,123165,3583],{"class":71},[47,123167,2003],{"id":2002},[20,123169,123170,123171,75091],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123172,47964],{},[29,123174,123175,123178,123181,123186],{},[32,123176,123177],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[32,123179,123180],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[32,123182,716,123183,123185],{},[15,123184,47964],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[32,123187,123188],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123190,123191,123192,140],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[214,123193,25955,123194],{"href":90680},[15,123195,90681],{},[47,123197,123199],{"id":123198},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123201,123202],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[52,123204,123206],{"className":54,"code":123205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123207,123208,123216,123220,123230,123244,123248,123262,123272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123209,123210,123212,123214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123211,2730],{"class":67},[61,123213,72],{"class":71},[61,123215,45505],{"class":79},[61,123217,123218],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123219,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,123221,123222,123224,123226,123228],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,123223,160],{"class":159},[61,123225,147],{"class":75},[61,123227,2755],{"class":143},[61,123229,153],{"class":75},[61,123231,123232,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,123233,160],{"class":159},[61,123235,147],{"class":75},[61,123237,2072],{"class":2071},[61,123239,147],{"class":75},[61,123241,2755],{"class":143},[61,123243,1761],{"class":75},[61,123245,123246],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,123247,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,123249,123250,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,123251,123098],{"class":67},[61,123253,72],{"class":71},[61,123255,49185],{"class":2071},[61,123257,147],{"class":75},[61,123259,2755],{"class":143},[61,123261,153],{"class":75},[61,123263,123264,123266,123268,123270],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,123265,160],{"class":159},[61,123267,147],{"class":75},[61,123269,123121],{"class":143},[61,123271,153],{"class":75},[61,123273,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,123275,160],{"class":159},[61,123277,147],{"class":75},[61,123279,2072],{"class":2071},[61,123281,147],{"class":75},[61,123283,123121],{"class":143},[61,123285,1761],{"class":75},[20,123287,123288,123289,1830,123291,123293,123294,140],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123290,2473],{},[15,123292,2476],{},", or another type into ",[15,123295,3724],{},[47,123297,2109],{"id":2108},[887,123299,5422,123301,5425],{"id":123300},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123302,47964],{},[20,123304,123305],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[887,123307,2113,123309,123311],{"id":123308},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123310,47964],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123313,123314],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[887,123316,2123,123318,123320],{"id":123317},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123319,47964],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123322,123323],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[887,123325,94866,123327,123329],{"id":123326},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123328,47964],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123331,123332],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[887,123334,15184,123336,57488,123338,2159],{"id":123335},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123337,47964],{},[15,123339,46732],{},[20,123341,46645,123342,123344,123345,123347],{},[15,123343,47964],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123346,46732],{}," shows output.",[47,123349,2172],{"id":2171},[29,123351,123352,123358,123364,123370,123376,123385,123389],{},[32,123353,123354],{},[214,123355,123356,3790],{"href":46729},[15,123357,46732],{},[32,123359,123360],{},[214,123361,123362,3790],{"href":2581},[15,123363,2584],{},[32,123365,123366],{},[214,123367,123368,3790],{"href":3155},[15,123369,3158],{},[32,123371,123372],{},[214,123373,123374,3790],{"href":3162},[15,123375,3165],{},[32,123377,123378],{},[214,123379,123381,123382,123384],{"href":123380},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123383,2473],{}," to string in Python",[32,123386,123387],{},[214,123388,90958],{"href":89967},[32,123390,123391],{},[214,123392,30623,123393],{"href":90680},[15,123394,90681],{},[2204,123396,123397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":123399},[123400,123401,123403,123404,123410,123412,123414,123416,123425,123426,123427,123428,123440],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":121818,"depth":97,"text":123402},"What str() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":121985,"depth":97,"text":121986,"children":123405},[123406,123407,123408,123409],{"id":121989,"depth":122,"text":121990},{"id":122075,"depth":122,"text":122076},{"id":122162,"depth":122,"text":122163},{"id":122248,"depth":122,"text":122249},{"id":122364,"depth":97,"text":123411},"When to use str()",{"id":122495,"depth":97,"text":123413},"str() vs print()",{"id":122664,"depth":97,"text":123415},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":123417},[123418,123420,123421,123423],{"id":122702,"depth":122,"text":123419},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122837,"depth":122,"text":122838},{"id":122899,"depth":122,"text":123422},"Using str() too early",{"id":122957,"depth":122,"text":123424},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":2002,"depth":97,"text":2003},{"id":123198,"depth":97,"text":123199},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":123429},[123430,123432,123434,123436,123438],{"id":123300,"depth":122,"text":123431},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123308,"depth":122,"text":123433},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123317,"depth":122,"text":123435},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123326,"depth":122,"text":123437},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123335,"depth":122,"text":123439},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42454,"description":123441},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123448,"title":123449,"body":123450,"description":124903,"extension":2249,"meta":124904,"navigation":125,"path":124905,"seo":124906,"stem":124907,"__hash__":124908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123451,"toc":124865},[123452,123458,123464,123467,123489,123491,123553,123555,123568,123574,123579,123584,123586,123599,123610,123612,123639,123641,123658,123665,123676,123678,123683,123685,123697,123705,123714,123716,123719,123772,123774,123782,123790,123794,123799,123839,123841,123849,123852,123854,123894,123896,123904,123914,123920,123923,123996,123998,124011,124015,124020,124048,124051,124086,124088,124096,124099,124103,124107,124109,124125,124127,124167,124169,124177,124186,124229,124231,124239,124241,124245,124251,124254,124294,124296,124304,124309,124312,124355,124359,124362,124397,124402,124404,124443,124453,124461,124471,124479,124483,124488,124490,124531,124533,124541,124546,124549,124552,124570,124576,124580,124585,124588,124628,124630,124635,124734,124737,124753,124755,124774,124776,124783,124786,124792,124795,124801,124805,124811,124814,124820,124823,124825,124862],[10,123453,123455,123456,18],{"id":123454},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123457,57573],{},[20,123459,123460,123461,123463],{},"The Python string ",[15,123462,57573],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123465,123466],{},"This reference page explains:",[29,123468,123469,123473,123476,123478,123486],{},[32,123470,26295,123471,187],{},[15,123472,57573],{},[32,123474,123475],{},"its syntax",[32,123477,35670],{},[32,123479,123480,123481,700,123483,123485],{},"how ",[15,123482,36349],{},[15,123484,52943],{}," work",[32,123487,123488],{},"common beginner mistakes",[47,123490,50],{"id":49},[52,123492,123494],{"className":54,"code":123493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123495,123496,123508,123530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123497,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123499,34962],{"class":67},[61,123501,72],{"class":71},[61,123503,515],{"class":503},[61,123505,518],{"class":507},[61,123507,3639],{"class":503},[61,123509,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123511,160],{"class":159},[61,123513,147],{"class":75},[61,123515,34983],{"class":143},[61,123517,140],{"class":75},[61,123519,41538],{"class":143},[61,123521,147],{"class":75},[61,123523,504],{"class":503},[61,123525,214],{"class":507},[61,123527,504],{"class":503},[61,123529,1761],{"class":75},[61,123531,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546,123549,123551],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,123533,160],{"class":159},[61,123535,147],{"class":75},[61,123537,34983],{"class":143},[61,123539,140],{"class":75},[61,123541,41538],{"class":143},[61,123543,147],{"class":75},[61,123545,504],{"class":503},[61,123547,123548],{"class":507},"na",[61,123550,504],{"class":503},[61,123552,1761],{"class":75},[20,123554,1598],{},[52,123556,123558],{"className":54,"code":123557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\n",[15,123559,123560,123564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123561,123562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123563,46897],{"class":79},[61,123565,123566],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123567,17336],{"class":79},[20,123569,1503,123570,123573],{},[15,123571,123572],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[47,123575,13277,123577,13280],{"id":123576},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123578,57573],{},[20,123580,123581,123583],{},[15,123582,57573],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123585,254],{},[29,123587,123588,123591,123594,123596],{},[32,123589,123590],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[32,123592,123593],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[32,123595,43937],{},[32,123597,123598],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123600,123601,123602,123604,123605,1830,123607,123609],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123603,1299],{}," characters are in ",[15,123606,699],{},[15,123608,57573],{}," is a simple choice.",[47,123611,221],{"id":220},[52,123613,123615],{"className":54,"code":123614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123616,123617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123618,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123620,61455],{"class":67},[61,123622,140],{"class":75},[61,123624,41538],{"class":143},[61,123626,147],{"class":75},[61,123628,2755],{"class":143},[61,123630,83],{"class":75},[61,123632,36328],{"class":143},[61,123634,83],{"class":75},[61,123636,65320],{"class":143},[61,123638,153],{"class":75},[887,123640,17674],{"id":17673},[29,123642,123643,123648,123653],{},[32,123644,123645,123647],{},[15,123646,2755],{},": the text to search for",[32,123649,123650,123652],{},[15,123651,36349],{},": optional; where counting begins",[32,123654,123655,123657],{},[15,123656,52943],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123659,123660,700,123662,123664],{},[15,123661,36349],{},[15,123663,52943],{}," work like slice positions:",[29,123666,123667,123672],{},[32,123668,123669,123671],{},[15,123670,36349],{}," is included",[32,123673,123674,76017],{},[15,123675,52943],{},[47,123677,17698],{"id":17697},[20,123679,123680,123682],{},[15,123681,57573],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123684,2411],{},[29,123686,123687,123692],{},[32,123688,123689,123690],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123691,107],{},[32,123693,123694,123695],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123696,2405],{},[20,123698,41184,123699,5441,123701,3159,123703,140],{},[39,123700,4909],{},[15,123702,3885],{},[15,123704,3954],{},[20,123706,123707,123708,123713],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[214,123709,123711,101860],{"href":123710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123712,4165],{}," is often a better fit.",[47,123715,483],{"id":482},[20,123717,123718],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[52,123720,123722],{"className":54,"code":123721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123723,123724,123736,123758,123762],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123725,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123727,34962],{"class":67},[61,123729,72],{"class":71},[61,123731,515],{"class":503},[61,123733,508],{"class":507},[61,123735,3639],{"class":503},[61,123737,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754,123756],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123739,132],{"class":67},[61,123741,72],{"class":71},[61,123743,43120],{"class":67},[61,123745,140],{"class":75},[61,123747,41538],{"class":143},[61,123749,147],{"class":75},[61,123751,504],{"class":503},[61,123753,20],{"class":507},[61,123755,504],{"class":503},[61,123757,153],{"class":75},[61,123759,123760],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,123761,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,123763,123764,123766,123768,123770],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,123765,160],{"class":159},[61,123767,147],{"class":75},[61,123769,165],{"class":143},[61,123771,153],{"class":75},[20,123773,1598],{},[52,123775,123776],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123777,123778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123779,123780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123781,17336],{"class":79},[20,123783,64099,123784,123787,123788,140],{},[15,123785,123786],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123789,58116],{},[47,123791,123793],{"id":123792},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123795,123796,123798],{},[15,123797,57573],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[52,123800,123802],{"className":54,"code":123801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123803,123804,123817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123805,123806,123808,123810,123812,123815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123807,34962],{"class":67},[61,123809,72],{"class":71},[61,123811,515],{"class":503},[61,123813,123814],{"class":507},"cat dog cat bird cat",[61,123816,3639],{"class":503},[61,123818,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835,123837],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123820,160],{"class":159},[61,123822,147],{"class":75},[61,123824,34983],{"class":143},[61,123826,140],{"class":75},[61,123828,41538],{"class":143},[61,123830,147],{"class":75},[61,123832,504],{"class":503},[61,123834,1218],{"class":507},[61,123836,504],{"class":503},[61,123838,1761],{"class":75},[20,123840,1598],{},[52,123842,123843],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123844,123845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123846,123847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123848,46897],{"class":79},[20,123850,123851],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123853,368],{},[52,123855,123857],{"className":54,"code":123856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123858,123859,123872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123860,123861,123863,123865,123867,123870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123862,34962],{"class":67},[61,123864,72],{"class":71},[61,123866,515],{"class":503},[61,123868,123869],{"class":507},"one One one",[61,123871,3639],{"class":503},[61,123873,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123875,160],{"class":159},[61,123877,147],{"class":75},[61,123879,34983],{"class":143},[61,123881,140],{"class":75},[61,123883,41538],{"class":143},[61,123885,147],{"class":75},[61,123887,504],{"class":503},[61,123889,6864],{"class":507},[61,123891,504],{"class":503},[61,123893,1761],{"class":75},[20,123895,1598],{},[52,123897,123898],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123899,123900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123901,123902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123903,17336],{"class":79},[20,123905,123906,123907,123910,123911,123913],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123908,123909],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123912,57573],{}," is case-sensitive.",[47,123915,716,123916,700,123918],{"id":65685},[15,123917,36349],{},[15,123919,52943],{},[20,123921,123922],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[52,123924,123926],{"className":54,"code":123925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123927,123928,123940,123966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123929,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123931,34962],{"class":67},[61,123933,72],{"class":71},[61,123935,515],{"class":503},[61,123937,518],{"class":507},[61,123939,3639],{"class":503},[61,123941,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123943,160],{"class":159},[61,123945,147],{"class":75},[61,123947,34983],{"class":143},[61,123949,140],{"class":75},[61,123951,41538],{"class":143},[61,123953,147],{"class":75},[61,123955,504],{"class":503},[61,123957,214],{"class":507},[61,123959,504],{"class":503},[61,123961,83],{"class":75},[61,123963,86],{"class":79},[61,123965,1761],{"class":75},[61,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,123969,160],{"class":159},[61,123971,147],{"class":75},[61,123973,34983],{"class":143},[61,123975,140],{"class":75},[61,123977,41538],{"class":143},[61,123979,147],{"class":75},[61,123981,504],{"class":503},[61,123983,214],{"class":507},[61,123985,504],{"class":503},[61,123987,83],{"class":75},[61,123989,86],{"class":79},[61,123991,83],{"class":75},[61,123993,117],{"class":79},[61,123995,1761],{"class":75},[20,123997,1598],{},[52,123999,124001],{"className":54,"code":124000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n1\n",[15,124002,124003,124007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124004,124005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124006,17336],{"class":79},[61,124008,124009],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124010,47197],{"class":79},[887,124012,124014],{"id":124013},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124016,124017,124018,192],{},"In ",[15,124019,699],{},[29,124021,124022,124030,124038],{},[32,124023,71241,124024,124026,124027],{},[15,124025,301],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124028,124029],{},"\"n\"",[32,124031,124032,124035,124036,76315],{},[15,124033,124034],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124037,301],{},[32,124039,124040,124035,124043,124045,124046],{},[15,124041,124042],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124044,301],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124047,1013],{},[20,124049,124050],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[52,124052,124054],{"className":54,"code":124053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124055,124056,124068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124057,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124059,34962],{"class":67},[61,124061,72],{"class":71},[61,124063,515],{"class":503},[61,124065,518],{"class":507},[61,124067,3639],{"class":503},[61,124069,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124071,160],{"class":159},[61,124073,147],{"class":75},[61,124075,34983],{"class":143},[61,124077,4182],{"class":75},[61,124079,301],{"class":79},[61,124081,192],{"class":75},[61,124083,1013],{"class":79},[61,124085,1887],{"class":75},[20,124087,1598],{},[52,124089,124090],{"className":54,"code":41747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124091,124092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124093,124094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124095,41747],{"class":67},[20,124097,124098],{},"Only that section is searched.",[47,124100,124102],{"id":124101},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124104,124105,123913],{},[15,124106,57573],{},[20,124108,2392],{},[29,124110,124111,124119],{},[32,124112,124113,700,124115,124118],{},[15,124114,1299],{},[15,124116,124117],{},"\"A\""," are different",[32,124120,124121,700,124123,124118],{},[15,124122,64814],{},[15,124124,90693],{},[20,124126,368],{},[52,124128,124130],{"className":54,"code":124129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124131,124132,124145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124133,124134,124136,124138,124140,124143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124135,34962],{"class":67},[61,124137,72],{"class":71},[61,124139,515],{"class":503},[61,124141,124142],{"class":507},"Apple apple APPLE",[61,124144,3639],{"class":503},[61,124146,124147,124149,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124148,160],{"class":159},[61,124150,147],{"class":75},[61,124152,34983],{"class":143},[61,124154,140],{"class":75},[61,124156,41538],{"class":143},[61,124158,147],{"class":75},[61,124160,504],{"class":503},[61,124162,508],{"class":507},[61,124164,504],{"class":503},[61,124166,1761],{"class":75},[20,124168,1598],{},[52,124170,124171],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124172,124173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124174,124175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124176,47197],{"class":79},[20,124178,124179,124180,192],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[214,124181,124183],{"href":124182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124184,124185],{},"lower()",[52,124187,124189],{"className":54,"code":124188,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124190,124191,124203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124192,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124194,34962],{"class":67},[61,124196,72],{"class":71},[61,124198,515],{"class":503},[61,124200,124142],{"class":507},[61,124202,3639],{"class":503},[61,124204,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124206,160],{"class":159},[61,124208,147],{"class":75},[61,124210,34983],{"class":143},[61,124212,140],{"class":75},[61,124214,8923],{"class":143},[61,124216,8920],{"class":75},[61,124218,41538],{"class":143},[61,124220,147],{"class":75},[61,124222,504],{"class":503},[61,124224,508],{"class":507},[61,124226,504],{"class":503},[61,124228,1761],{"class":75},[20,124230,1598],{},[52,124232,124233],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124234,124235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124236,124237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124238,46897],{"class":79},[47,124240,3111],{"id":3110},[20,124242,23370,124243,140],{},[15,124244,57573],{},[887,124246,1524,124248,124250],{"id":124247},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124249,57573],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124252,124253],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[52,124255,124257],{"className":54,"code":124256,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124258,124259,124272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124260,124261,124263,124265,124267,124270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124262,34962],{"class":67},[61,124264,72],{"class":71},[61,124266,515],{"class":503},[61,124268,124269],{"class":507},"Aardvark",[61,124271,3639],{"class":503},[61,124273,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288,124290,124292],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124275,160],{"class":159},[61,124277,147],{"class":75},[61,124279,34983],{"class":143},[61,124281,140],{"class":75},[61,124283,41538],{"class":143},[61,124285,147],{"class":75},[61,124287,504],{"class":503},[61,124289,214],{"class":507},[61,124291,504],{"class":503},[61,124293,1761],{"class":75},[20,124295,1598],{},[52,124297,124298],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124299,124300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124301,124302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124303,17336],{"class":79},[20,124305,123906,124306,124308],{},[15,124307,124117],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124310,124311],{},"If needed, convert first:",[52,124313,124315],{"className":54,"code":124314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124316,124317,124329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124318,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124320,34962],{"class":67},[61,124322,72],{"class":71},[61,124324,515],{"class":503},[61,124326,124269],{"class":507},[61,124328,3639],{"class":503},[61,124330,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124332,160],{"class":159},[61,124334,147],{"class":75},[61,124336,34983],{"class":143},[61,124338,140],{"class":75},[61,124340,8923],{"class":143},[61,124342,8920],{"class":75},[61,124344,41538],{"class":143},[61,124346,147],{"class":75},[61,124348,504],{"class":503},[61,124350,214],{"class":507},[61,124352,504],{"class":503},[61,124354,1761],{"class":75},[887,124356,124358],{"id":124357},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124360,124361],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[52,124363,124365],{"className":54,"code":124364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124366,124367,124379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124368,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124370,34962],{"class":67},[61,124372,72],{"class":71},[61,124374,515],{"class":503},[61,124376,518],{"class":507},[61,124378,3639],{"class":503},[61,124380,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391,124393,124395],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124382,160],{"class":159},[61,124384,147],{"class":75},[61,124386,34983],{"class":143},[61,124388,140],{"class":75},[61,124390,41538],{"class":143},[61,124392,147],{"class":75},[61,124394,214],{"class":143},[61,124396,1761],{"class":75},[20,124398,124399,124400,140],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124401,214],{},[20,124403,11087],{},[52,124405,124407],{"className":54,"code":124406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124408,124409,124421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124410,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124412,34962],{"class":67},[61,124414,72],{"class":71},[61,124416,515],{"class":503},[61,124418,518],{"class":507},[61,124420,3639],{"class":503},[61,124422,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124437,124439,124441],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124424,160],{"class":159},[61,124426,147],{"class":75},[61,124428,34983],{"class":143},[61,124430,140],{"class":75},[61,124432,41538],{"class":143},[61,124434,147],{"class":75},[61,124436,504],{"class":503},[61,124438,214],{"class":507},[61,124440,504],{"class":503},[61,124442,1761],{"class":75},[887,124444,37480,124446,2020,124448,3159,124451],{"id":124445},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124447,57573],{},[15,124449,124450],{},"find()",[15,124452,59250],{},[20,124454,1503,124455,124457,124458,140],{},[15,124456,57573],{}," when you need the ",[39,124459,124460],{},"number of matches",[20,124462,1503,124463,124457,124468,124470],{},[214,124464,124466],{"href":124465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124467,124450],{},[39,124469,65226],{}," of the first match.",[20,124472,1503,124473,124478],{},[214,124474,124476],{"href":124475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124477,59250],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[887,124480,124482],{"id":124481},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124484,124485,124487],{},[15,124486,57573],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124489,368],{},[52,124491,124493],{"className":54,"code":124492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124494,124495,124508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124496,124497,124499,124501,124503,124506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124498,34962],{"class":67},[61,124500,72],{"class":71},[61,124502,515],{"class":503},[61,124504,124505],{"class":507},"aaaa",[61,124507,3639],{"class":503},[61,124509,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124527,124529],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124511,160],{"class":159},[61,124513,147],{"class":75},[61,124515,34983],{"class":143},[61,124517,140],{"class":75},[61,124519,41538],{"class":143},[61,124521,147],{"class":75},[61,124523,504],{"class":503},[61,124525,124526],{"class":507},"aa",[61,124528,504],{"class":503},[61,124530,1761],{"class":75},[20,124532,1598],{},[52,124534,124535],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124536,124537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124538,124539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124540,17336],{"class":79},[20,124542,124543,124544,140],{},"It does not return ",[15,124545,107],{},[20,124547,124548],{},"Why not?",[20,124550,124551],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[29,124553,124554,124563],{},[32,124555,124556,124559,124560],{},[15,124557,124558],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124561,124562],{},"0-1",[32,124564,124565,124559,124567],{},[15,124566,124558],{},[15,124568,124569],{},"2-3",[20,124571,124572,124573,140],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124574,124575],{},"1-2",[47,124577,5240,124578],{"id":58655},[15,124579,57573],{},[20,124581,1503,124582,124584],{},[15,124583,57573],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124586,124587],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[29,124589,124590,124599,124609,124619],{},[32,124591,1503,124592,124594,124595,124598],{},[15,124593,57573],{}," when you need ",[39,124596,124597],{},"how many times"," something appears",[32,124600,1503,124601,124594,124605,124608],{},[214,124602,124603],{"href":124465},[15,124604,124450],{},[39,124606,124607],{},"where"," it appears",[32,124610,48091,124611,124615,124616],{},[214,124612,124613,101860],{"href":123710},[15,124614,4165],{}," when you only need to know ",[39,124617,124618],{},"if it exists",[32,124620,1503,124621,124627],{},[214,124622,124624],{"href":124623},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124625,124626],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[47,124629,26218],{"id":26217},[20,124631,9158,124632,124634],{},[15,124633,57573],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[52,124636,124638],{"className":54,"code":124637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124639,124640,124650,124664,124686,124712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124641,124642,124644,124646,124648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124643,160],{"class":159},[61,124645,147],{"class":75},[61,124647,34983],{"class":143},[61,124649,153],{"class":75},[61,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124653,160],{"class":159},[61,124655,147],{"class":75},[61,124657,2072],{"class":2071},[61,124659,147],{"class":75},[61,124661,34983],{"class":143},[61,124663,1761],{"class":75},[61,124665,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678,124680,124682,124684],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,124667,160],{"class":159},[61,124669,147],{"class":75},[61,124671,34983],{"class":143},[61,124673,140],{"class":75},[61,124675,41538],{"class":143},[61,124677,147],{"class":75},[61,124679,504],{"class":503},[61,124681,214],{"class":507},[61,124683,504],{"class":503},[61,124685,1761],{"class":75},[61,124687,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702,124704,124706,124708,124710],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,124689,160],{"class":159},[61,124691,147],{"class":75},[61,124693,34983],{"class":143},[61,124695,140],{"class":75},[61,124697,8923],{"class":143},[61,124699,8920],{"class":75},[61,124701,41538],{"class":143},[61,124703,147],{"class":75},[61,124705,504],{"class":503},[61,124707,214],{"class":507},[61,124709,504],{"class":503},[61,124711,1761],{"class":75},[61,124713,124714,124716,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726,124728,124730,124732],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,124715,160],{"class":159},[61,124717,147],{"class":75},[61,124719,34983],{"class":143},[61,124721,140],{"class":75},[61,124723,41538],{"class":143},[61,124725,147],{"class":75},[61,124727,504],{"class":503},[61,124729,123548],{"class":507},[61,124731,504],{"class":503},[61,124733,1761],{"class":75},[20,124735,124736],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[29,124738,124739,124742,124747,124750],{},[32,124740,124741],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,124743,124744,124746],{},[15,124745,34983],{}," not being a string",[32,124748,124749],{},"counting the wrong substring",[32,124751,124752],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124754,59144],{},[29,124756,124757,124760,124763,124766],{},[32,124758,124759],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[32,124761,124762],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[32,124764,124765],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[32,124767,50773,124768,44909,124770,3159,124772,73587],{},[15,124769,57573],{},[15,124771,124450],{},[15,124773,4165],{},[47,124775,2109],{"id":2108},[887,124777,124779,124780,124782],{"id":124778},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124781,57573],{}," change the original string?",[20,124784,124785],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[887,124787,15184,124789,124791],{"id":124788},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124790,57573],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124793,124794],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[887,124796,5422,124798,124800],{"id":124797},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124799,57573],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124802,5428,124803,140],{},[15,124804,2405],{},[887,124806,2123,124808,124810],{"id":124807},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124809,57573],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124812,124813],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[887,124815,2113,124817,124819],{"id":124816},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124818,57573],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124821,124822],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[47,124824,2172],{"id":2171},[29,124826,124827,124834,124841,124848,124855],{},[32,124828,124829],{},[214,124830,124831],{"href":124465},[15,124832,124833],{},"Python string find() method",[32,124835,124836],{},[214,124837,124838],{"href":124475},[15,124839,124840],{},"Python string index() method",[32,124842,124843],{},[214,124844,124845],{"href":124182},[15,124846,124847],{},"Python string lower() method",[32,124849,124850],{},[214,124851,124852],{"href":123710},[15,124853,124854],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,124856,124857],{},[214,124858,124859],{"href":124623},[15,124860,124861],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2204,124863,124864],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":124866},[124867,124868,124870,124873,124874,124875,124876,124879,124880,124888,124889,124890,124902],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":123576,"depth":97,"text":124869},"What the count() method does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":124871},[124872],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":123792,"depth":97,"text":123793},{"id":65685,"depth":97,"text":66467,"children":124877},[124878],{"id":124013,"depth":122,"text":124014},{"id":124101,"depth":97,"text":124102},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":124881},[124882,124884,124885,124887],{"id":124247,"depth":122,"text":124883},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124357,"depth":122,"text":124358},{"id":124445,"depth":122,"text":124886},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124481,"depth":122,"text":124482},{"id":58655,"depth":97,"text":59286},{"id":26217,"depth":97,"text":26218},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":124891},[124892,124894,124896,124898,124900],{"id":124778,"depth":122,"text":124893},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124788,"depth":122,"text":124895},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124797,"depth":122,"text":124897},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124807,"depth":122,"text":124899},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124816,"depth":122,"text":124901},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123449,"description":124903},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124910,"title":124911,"body":124912,"description":126497,"extension":2249,"meta":126498,"navigation":125,"path":126499,"seo":126500,"stem":126501,"__hash__":126502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124913,"toc":126470},[124914,124917,124920,125017,125026,125028,125047,125051,125054,125057,125070,125073,125102,125107,125112,125170,125172,125205,125211,125215,125218,125221,125250,125253,125280,125283,125286,125290,125293,125300,125363,125365,125383,125386,125390,125393,125396,125438,125441,125485,125488,125491,125495,125500,125503,125546,125548,125571,125574,125607,125610,125659,125669,125673,125676,125679,125708,125711,125722,125724,125783,125786,125790,125793,125796,125811,125820,125823,125857,125860,125887,125890,125897,125899,125902,125904,125907,125921,125930,125932,125959,125963,125966,125980,125983,126042,126046,126049,126076,126079,126106,126114,126117,126177,126179,126212,126216,126219,126238,126243,126292,126297,126299,126302,126361,126379,126381,126385,126393,126397,126400,126404,126410,126414,126424,126428,126431,126433,126467],[10,124915,124911],{"id":124916},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124918,124919],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[52,124921,124923],{"className":54,"code":124922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124924,124925,124937,124949,124958,124972,124976,124986,124996,125007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124926,124927,124929,124931,124933,124935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124928,8159],{"class":67},[61,124930,72],{"class":71},[61,124932,515],{"class":503},[61,124934,5283],{"class":507},[61,124936,3639],{"class":503},[61,124938,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124940,90282],{"class":67},[61,124942,72],{"class":71},[61,124944,639],{"class":503},[61,124946,35142],{"class":507},[61,124948,29976],{"class":503},[61,124950,124951,124954,124956],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,124952,124953],{"class":67},"empty ",[61,124955,72],{"class":71},[61,124957,8164],{"class":503},[61,124959,124960,124962,124964,124966,124968,124970],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,124961,34962],{"class":67},[61,124963,72],{"class":71},[61,124965,49185],{"class":2071},[61,124967,147],{"class":75},[61,124969,50527],{"class":79},[61,124971,153],{"class":75},[61,124973,124974],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,124975,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,124979,160],{"class":159},[61,124981,147],{"class":75},[61,124983,7949],{"class":143},[61,124985,153],{"class":75},[61,124987,124988,124990,124992,124994],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,124989,160],{"class":159},[61,124991,147],{"class":75},[61,124993,90299],{"class":143},[61,124995,153],{"class":75},[61,124997,124998,125000,125002,125005],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,124999,160],{"class":159},[61,125001,147],{"class":75},[61,125003,125004],{"class":143},"empty",[61,125006,153],{"class":75},[61,125008,125009,125011,125013,125015],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,125010,160],{"class":159},[61,125012,147],{"class":75},[61,125014,34983],{"class":143},[61,125016,153],{"class":75},[20,125018,125019,125022,125023,125025],{},[39,125020,125021],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125024,47964],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[47,125027,15443],{"id":15442},[29,125029,125030,125033,125036,125039,125044],{},[32,125031,125032],{},"What a string is in Python",[32,125034,125035],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[32,125037,125038],{},"How to create an empty string",[32,125040,125041,125042],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125043,47964],{},[32,125045,125046],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[47,125048,125050],{"id":125049},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125052,125053],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125055,125056],{},"Strings can contain:",[29,125058,125059,125062,125064,125067],{},[32,125060,125061],{},"Letters",[32,125063,56745],{},[32,125065,125066],{},"Spaces",[32,125068,125069],{},"Symbols",[20,125071,125072],{},"Examples of strings:",[52,125074,125076],{"className":54,"code":125075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125077,125078,125086,125094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125079,125080,125082,125084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125081,504],{"class":43607},[61,125083,4126],{"class":43611},[61,125085,3639],{"class":43607},[61,125087,125088,125090,125092],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125089,504],{"class":43607},[61,125091,50527],{"class":43611},[61,125093,3639],{"class":43607},[61,125095,125096,125098,125100],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125097,504],{"class":43607},[61,125099,89424],{"class":43611},[61,125101,3639],{"class":43607},[20,125103,1010,125104,125106],{},[15,125105,50577],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125108,125109,125110,192],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125111,2584],{},[52,125113,125115],{"className":54,"code":125114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125116,125117,125129,125138,125142,125156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125118,125119,125121,125123,125125,125127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125120,34962],{"class":67},[61,125122,72],{"class":71},[61,125124,515],{"class":503},[61,125126,50527],{"class":507},[61,125128,3639],{"class":503},[61,125130,125131,125133,125135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125132,2501],{"class":67},[61,125134,72],{"class":71},[61,125136,125137],{"class":79}," 123\n",[61,125139,125140],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125141,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125143,125144,125146,125148,125150,125152,125154],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125145,160],{"class":159},[61,125147,147],{"class":75},[61,125149,2072],{"class":2071},[61,125151,147],{"class":75},[61,125153,34983],{"class":143},[61,125155,1761],{"class":75},[61,125157,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166,125168],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,125159,160],{"class":159},[61,125161,147],{"class":75},[61,125163,2072],{"class":2071},[61,125165,147],{"class":75},[61,125167,2523],{"class":143},[61,125169,1761],{"class":75},[20,125171,1598],{},[52,125173,125175],{"className":54,"code":125174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125176,125177,125191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125178,125179,125181,125183,125185,125187,125189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125180,3571],{"class":71},[61,125182,3574],{"class":2350},[61,125184,639],{"class":503},[61,125186,3724],{"class":507},[61,125188,630],{"class":503},[61,125190,3583],{"class":71},[61,125192,125193,125195,125197,125199,125201,125203],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125194,3571],{"class":71},[61,125196,3574],{"class":2350},[61,125198,639],{"class":503},[61,125200,2473],{"class":507},[61,125202,630],{"class":503},[61,125204,3583],{"class":71},[20,125206,125207,125208,140],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[214,125209,125210],{"href":51257},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[47,125212,125214],{"id":125213},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125216,125217],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125219,125220],{},"You can use single quotes:",[52,125222,125224],{"className":54,"code":125223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125225,125226,125239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125227,125228,125231,125233,125235,125237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125229,125230],{"class":67},"greeting ",[61,125232,72],{"class":71},[61,125234,639],{"class":503},[61,125236,4126],{"class":507},[61,125238,29976],{"class":503},[61,125240,125241,125243,125245,125248],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125242,160],{"class":159},[61,125244,147],{"class":75},[61,125246,125247],{"class":143},"greeting",[61,125249,153],{"class":75},[20,125251,125252],{},"Or double quotes:",[52,125254,125256],{"className":54,"code":125255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125257,125258,125270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125259,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125261,125230],{"class":67},[61,125263,72],{"class":71},[61,125265,515],{"class":503},[61,125267,4126],{"class":507},[61,125269,3639],{"class":503},[61,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125273,160],{"class":159},[61,125275,147],{"class":75},[61,125277,125247],{"class":143},[61,125279,153],{"class":75},[20,125281,125282],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125284,125285],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[47,125287,125289],{"id":125288},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125291,125292],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125294,125295,125296,3159,125298,192],{},"Use either ",[15,125297,6552],{},[15,125299,4053],{},[52,125301,125303],{"className":54,"code":125302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125304,125305,125314,125323,125327,125338,125349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125306,125307,125310,125312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125308,125309],{"class":67},"empty1 ",[61,125311,72],{"class":71},[61,125313,8164],{"class":503},[61,125315,125316,125319,125321],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125317,125318],{"class":67},"empty2 ",[61,125320,72],{"class":71},[61,125322,47776],{"class":503},[61,125324,125325],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125326,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125328,125329,125331,125333,125336],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125330,160],{"class":159},[61,125332,147],{"class":75},[61,125334,125335],{"class":143},"empty1",[61,125337,153],{"class":75},[61,125339,125340,125342,125344,125347],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,125341,160],{"class":159},[61,125343,147],{"class":75},[61,125345,125346],{"class":143},"empty2",[61,125348,153],{"class":75},[61,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,125352,160],{"class":159},[61,125354,147],{"class":75},[61,125356,2072],{"class":2071},[61,125358,147],{"class":75},[61,125360,125335],{"class":143},[61,125362,1761],{"class":75},[20,125364,1598],{},[52,125366,125367],{"className":54,"code":46050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,125368,125369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125370,125371,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125372,3571],{"class":71},[61,125374,3574],{"class":2350},[61,125376,639],{"class":503},[61,125378,3724],{"class":507},[61,125380,630],{"class":503},[61,125382,3583],{"class":71},[20,125384,125385],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[47,125387,125389],{"id":125388},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125391,125392],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125394,125395],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[52,125397,125399],{"className":54,"code":125398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125400,125401,125412,125417,125424,125428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125402,125403,125405,125407,125410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125404,90282],{"class":67},[61,125406,72],{"class":71},[61,125408,125409],{"class":503}," \"\"\"",[61,125411,89224],{"class":507},[61,125413,125414],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125415,125416],{"class":507},"Welcome to Python\n",[61,125418,125419,125422],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125420,125421],{"class":507},"Have a nice day",[61,125423,43615],{"class":503},[61,125425,125426],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125427,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125429,125430,125432,125434,125436],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,125431,160],{"class":159},[61,125433,147],{"class":75},[61,125435,90299],{"class":143},[61,125437,153],{"class":75},[20,125439,125440],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[52,125442,125444],{"className":54,"code":125443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125445,125446,125458,125463,125471,125475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125447,125448,125450,125452,125455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125449,90282],{"class":67},[61,125451,72],{"class":71},[61,125453,125454],{"class":503}," '''",[61,125456,125457],{"class":507},"Line 1\n",[61,125459,125460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125461,125462],{"class":507},"Line 2\n",[61,125464,125465,125468],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125466,125467],{"class":507},"Line 3",[61,125469,125470],{"class":503},"'''\n",[61,125472,125473],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125474,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125476,125477,125479,125481,125483],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,125478,160],{"class":159},[61,125480,147],{"class":75},[61,125482,90299],{"class":143},[61,125484,153],{"class":75},[20,125486,125487],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125489,125490],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[47,125492,125494],{"id":125493},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125496,2266,125497,125499],{},[15,125498,47964],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125501,125502],{},"Example with a number:",[52,125504,125506],{"className":54,"code":125505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125507,125508,125522,125532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125509,125510,125512,125514,125516,125518,125520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125511,34962],{"class":67},[61,125513,72],{"class":71},[61,125515,49185],{"class":2071},[61,125517,147],{"class":75},[61,125519,46806],{"class":79},[61,125521,153],{"class":75},[61,125523,125524,125526,125528,125530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125525,160],{"class":159},[61,125527,147],{"class":75},[61,125529,34983],{"class":143},[61,125531,153],{"class":75},[61,125533,125534,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125535,160],{"class":159},[61,125537,147],{"class":75},[61,125539,2072],{"class":2071},[61,125541,147],{"class":75},[61,125543,34983],{"class":143},[61,125545,1761],{"class":75},[20,125547,1598],{},[52,125549,125551],{"className":54,"code":125550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125552,125553,125557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125554,125555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125556,46892],{"class":79},[61,125558,125559,125561,125563,125565,125567,125569],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125560,3571],{"class":71},[61,125562,3574],{"class":2350},[61,125564,639],{"class":503},[61,125566,3724],{"class":507},[61,125568,630],{"class":503},[61,125570,3583],{"class":71},[20,125572,125573],{},"You can also convert other values:",[52,125575,125577],{"className":54,"code":125576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125578,125579,125593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125580,125581,125583,125585,125587,125589,125591],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125582,160],{"class":159},[61,125584,147],{"class":75},[61,125586,3724],{"class":2071},[61,125588,147],{"class":75},[61,125590,3885],{"class":4133},[61,125592,1761],{"class":75},[61,125594,125595,125597,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125596,160],{"class":159},[61,125598,147],{"class":75},[61,125600,3724],{"class":2071},[61,125602,147],{"class":75},[61,125604,40421],{"class":79},[61,125606,1761],{"class":75},[20,125608,125609],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[52,125611,125613],{"className":54,"code":125612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125614,125615,125623,125645,125649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125616,125617,125619,125621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125618,21907],{"class":67},[61,125620,72],{"class":71},[61,125622,45505],{"class":79},[61,125624,125625,125627,125629,125631,125633,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125626,90282],{"class":67},[61,125628,72],{"class":71},[61,125630,515],{"class":503},[61,125632,89700],{"class":507},[61,125634,504],{"class":503},[61,125636,2737],{"class":71},[61,125638,49185],{"class":2071},[61,125640,147],{"class":75},[61,125642,9581],{"class":143},[61,125644,153],{"class":75},[61,125646,125647],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125648,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125650,125651,125653,125655,125657],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125652,160],{"class":159},[61,125654,147],{"class":75},[61,125656,90299],{"class":143},[61,125658,153],{"class":75},[20,125660,125661,125662,3159,125666,140],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[214,125663,13,125664,3790],{"href":42453},[15,125665,47964],{},[214,125667,125668],{"href":123380},"how to convert int to string in Python",[47,125670,125672],{"id":125671},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125674,125675],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125677,125678],{},"Both of these are valid:",[52,125680,125682],{"className":54,"code":125681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125683,125684,125696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125685,125686,125688,125690,125692,125694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125687,37],{"class":67},[61,125689,72],{"class":71},[61,125691,639],{"class":503},[61,125693,7577],{"class":507},[61,125695,29976],{"class":503},[61,125697,125698,125700,125702,125704,125706],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125699,294],{"class":67},[61,125701,72],{"class":71},[61,125703,515],{"class":503},[61,125705,7577],{"class":507},[61,125707,3639],{"class":503},[20,125709,125710],{},"A common rule is:",[29,125712,125713,125716,125719],{},[32,125714,125715],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[32,125717,125718],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[32,125720,125721],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125723,368],{},[52,125725,125727],{"className":54,"code":125726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125728,125729,125743,125757,125761,125772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125730,125731,125734,125736,125738,125741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125732,125733],{"class":67},"text1 ",[61,125735,72],{"class":71},[61,125737,515],{"class":503},[61,125739,125740],{"class":507},"It's working",[61,125742,3639],{"class":503},[61,125744,125745,125748,125750,125752,125755],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125746,125747],{"class":67},"text2 ",[61,125749,72],{"class":71},[61,125751,639],{"class":503},[61,125753,125754],{"class":507},"She said \"hello\"",[61,125756,29976],{"class":503},[61,125758,125759],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,125760,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,125762,125763,125765,125767,125770],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,125764,160],{"class":159},[61,125766,147],{"class":75},[61,125768,125769],{"class":143},"text1",[61,125771,153],{"class":75},[61,125773,125774,125776,125778,125781],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,125775,160],{"class":159},[61,125777,147],{"class":75},[61,125779,125780],{"class":143},"text2",[61,125782,153],{"class":75},[20,125784,125785],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[47,125787,125789],{"id":125788},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125791,125792],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125794,125795],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[52,125797,125799],{"className":54,"code":125798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125800,125801,125806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125802,125803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125804,125805],{"class":173},"# This will cause an error\n",[61,125807,125808],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125809,125810],{"class":173},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125812,125813,125814,35605,125816,125819],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125815,630],{},[15,125817,125818],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125821,125822],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[52,125824,125826],{"className":54,"code":125825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125827,125828,125847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125829,125830,125832,125834,125836,125839,125842,125845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125831,34962],{"class":67},[61,125833,72],{"class":71},[61,125835,639],{"class":503},[61,125837,125838],{"class":507},"It",[61,125840,125841],{"class":34728},"\\'",[61,125843,125844],{"class":507},"s working",[61,125846,29976],{"class":503},[61,125848,125849,125851,125853,125855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125850,160],{"class":159},[61,125852,147],{"class":75},[61,125854,34983],{"class":143},[61,125856,153],{"class":75},[20,125858,125859],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[52,125861,125863],{"className":54,"code":125862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125864,125865,125877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125866,125867,125869,125871,125873,125875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125868,34962],{"class":67},[61,125870,72],{"class":71},[61,125872,515],{"class":503},[61,125874,125740],{"class":507},[61,125876,3639],{"class":503},[61,125878,125879,125881,125883,125885],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125880,160],{"class":159},[61,125882,147],{"class":75},[61,125884,34983],{"class":143},[61,125886,153],{"class":75},[20,125888,125889],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125891,125892,125893,140],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[214,125894,125896],{"href":125895},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[47,125898,3111],{"id":3110},[20,125900,125901],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[887,125903,90489],{"id":90488},[20,125905,125906],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[52,125908,125910],{"className":54,"code":125909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125911,125912,125916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125913,125914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125915,125805],{"class":173},[61,125917,125918],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125919,125920],{"class":173},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125922,125923,125924,8884,125927,125929],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125925,125926],{},"NameError",[15,125928,5283],{}," is not defined.",[20,125931,11087],{},[52,125933,125935],{"className":54,"code":125934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125936,125937,125949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125938,125939,125941,125943,125945,125947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125940,8159],{"class":67},[61,125942,72],{"class":71},[61,125944,515],{"class":503},[61,125946,5283],{"class":507},[61,125948,3639],{"class":503},[61,125950,125951,125953,125955,125957],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125952,160],{"class":159},[61,125954,147],{"class":75},[61,125956,7949],{"class":143},[61,125958,153],{"class":75},[887,125960,125962],{"id":125961},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125964,125965],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[52,125967,125969],{"className":54,"code":125968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125970,125971,125975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125972,125973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125974,125805],{"class":173},[61,125976,125977],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125978,125979],{"class":173},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125981,125982],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[52,125984,125986],{"className":54,"code":125985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125987,125988,126005,126018,126022,126032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125989,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000,126003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125991,125733],{"class":67},[61,125993,72],{"class":71},[61,125995,639],{"class":503},[61,125997,125838],{"class":507},[61,125999,125841],{"class":34728},[61,126001,126002],{"class":507},"s good",[61,126004,29976],{"class":503},[61,126006,126007,126009,126011,126013,126016],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126008,125747],{"class":67},[61,126010,72],{"class":71},[61,126012,515],{"class":503},[61,126014,126015],{"class":507},"It's good",[61,126017,3639],{"class":503},[61,126019,126020],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126021,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,126023,126024,126026,126028,126030],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,126025,160],{"class":159},[61,126027,147],{"class":75},[61,126029,125769],{"class":143},[61,126031,153],{"class":75},[61,126033,126034,126036,126038,126040],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,126035,160],{"class":159},[61,126037,147],{"class":75},[61,126039,125780],{"class":143},[61,126041,153],{"class":75},[887,126043,126045],{"id":126044},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126047,126048],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[52,126050,126052],{"className":54,"code":126051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126053,126054,126066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126055,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126057,34962],{"class":67},[61,126059,72],{"class":71},[61,126061,125409],{"class":503},[61,126063,4126],{"class":507},[61,126065,43615],{"class":503},[61,126067,126068,126070,126072,126074],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126069,160],{"class":159},[61,126071,147],{"class":75},[61,126073,34983],{"class":143},[61,126075,153],{"class":75},[20,126077,126078],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[52,126080,126082],{"className":54,"code":126081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126083,126084,126096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126085,126086,126088,126090,126092,126094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126087,34962],{"class":67},[61,126089,72],{"class":71},[61,126091,515],{"class":503},[61,126093,4126],{"class":507},[61,126095,3639],{"class":503},[61,126097,126098,126100,126102,126104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126099,160],{"class":159},[61,126101,147],{"class":75},[61,126103,34983],{"class":143},[61,126105,153],{"class":75},[887,126107,4858,126109,700,126111,126113],{"id":126108},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126110,50527],{},[15,126112,50577],{}," are the same type",[20,126115,126116],{},"They are different:",[52,126118,126120],{"className":54,"code":126119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126121,126122,126131,126144,126148,126162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126123,126124,126127,126129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126125,126126],{"class":67},"value1 ",[61,126128,72],{"class":71},[61,126130,125137],{"class":79},[61,126132,126133,126136,126138,126140,126142],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126134,126135],{"class":67},"value2 ",[61,126137,72],{"class":71},[61,126139,515],{"class":503},[61,126141,50527],{"class":507},[61,126143,3639],{"class":503},[61,126145,126146],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126147,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,126149,126150,126152,126154,126156,126158,126160],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,126151,160],{"class":159},[61,126153,147],{"class":75},[61,126155,2072],{"class":2071},[61,126157,147],{"class":75},[61,126159,85045],{"class":143},[61,126161,1761],{"class":75},[61,126163,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126175],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,126165,160],{"class":159},[61,126167,147],{"class":75},[61,126169,2072],{"class":2071},[61,126171,147],{"class":75},[61,126173,126174],{"class":143},"value2",[61,126176,1761],{"class":75},[20,126178,1598],{},[52,126180,126182],{"className":54,"code":126181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126183,126184,126198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126185,126186,126188,126190,126192,126194,126196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126187,3571],{"class":71},[61,126189,3574],{"class":2350},[61,126191,639],{"class":503},[61,126193,2473],{"class":507},[61,126195,630],{"class":503},[61,126197,3583],{"class":71},[61,126199,126200,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126201,3571],{"class":71},[61,126203,3574],{"class":2350},[61,126205,639],{"class":503},[61,126207,3724],{"class":507},[61,126209,630],{"class":503},[61,126211,3583],{"class":71},[887,126213,126215],{"id":126214},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126217,126218],{},"This causes a type error:",[52,126220,126222],{"className":54,"code":126221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126223,126224,126228,126233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126225,126226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126227,125805],{"class":173},[61,126229,126230],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126231,126232],{"class":173},"# age = 10\n",[61,126234,126235],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126236,126237],{"class":173},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126239,126240,126241,192],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126242,47964],{},[52,126244,126246],{"className":54,"code":126245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126247,126248,126256,126278,126282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126249,126250,126252,126254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126251,21907],{"class":67},[61,126253,72],{"class":71},[61,126255,2867],{"class":79},[61,126257,126258,126260,126262,126264,126266,126268,126270,126272,126274,126276],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126259,90282],{"class":67},[61,126261,72],{"class":71},[61,126263,515],{"class":503},[61,126265,89700],{"class":507},[61,126267,504],{"class":503},[61,126269,2737],{"class":71},[61,126271,49185],{"class":2071},[61,126273,147],{"class":75},[61,126275,9581],{"class":143},[61,126277,153],{"class":75},[61,126279,126280],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126281,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,126283,126284,126286,126288,126290],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,126285,160],{"class":159},[61,126287,147],{"class":75},[61,126289,90299],{"class":143},[61,126291,153],{"class":75},[20,126293,126294,126295,140],{},"For this specific error, see ",[214,126296,90681],{"href":90680},[887,126298,60993],{"id":60992},[20,126300,126301],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[52,126303,126305],{"className":54,"code":126304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126306,126307,126319,126323,126333,126347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126308,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126310,34962],{"class":67},[61,126312,72],{"class":71},[61,126314,515],{"class":503},[61,126316,4126],{"class":507},[61,126318,3639],{"class":503},[61,126320,126321],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126322,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,126324,126325,126327,126329,126331],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126326,160],{"class":159},[61,126328,147],{"class":75},[61,126330,34983],{"class":143},[61,126332,153],{"class":75},[61,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,126336,160],{"class":159},[61,126338,147],{"class":75},[61,126340,2072],{"class":2071},[61,126342,147],{"class":75},[61,126344,34983],{"class":143},[61,126346,1761],{"class":75},[61,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357,126359],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,126350,160],{"class":159},[61,126352,147],{"class":75},[61,126354,42058],{"class":159},[61,126356,147],{"class":75},[61,126358,34983],{"class":143},[61,126360,1761],{"class":75},[29,126362,126363,126368,126373],{},[32,126364,126365,46558],{},[15,126366,126367],{},"print(text)",[32,126369,126370,46563],{},[15,126371,126372],{},"print(type(text))",[32,126374,126375,126378],{},[15,126376,126377],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[47,126380,2109],{"id":2108},[887,126382,126384],{"id":126383},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126386,126387,126388,3159,126391,140],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126389,126390],{},"'hello'",[15,126392,64814],{},[887,126394,126396],{"id":126395},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126398,126399],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[887,126401,126403],{"id":126402},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126405,1503,126406,3159,126408,140],{},[15,126407,6552],{},[15,126409,4053],{},[887,126411,126413],{"id":126412},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126415,1503,126416,126418,126419,126421,126422,140],{},[15,126417,47964],{},", like ",[15,126420,80656],{},", which returns ",[15,126423,42405],{},[887,126425,126427],{"id":126426},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126429,126430],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[47,126432,2172],{"id":2171},[29,126434,126435,126439,126445,126450,126459,126463],{},[32,126436,126437],{},[214,126438,125210],{"href":51257},[32,126440,126441],{},[214,126442,13,126443,3790],{"href":42453},[15,126444,47964],{},[32,126446,126447],{},[214,126448,126449],{"href":123380},"How to convert int to string in Python",[32,126451,126452],{},[214,126453,126455,126456,1516],{"href":126454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126457,126458],{},"format()",[32,126460,126461],{},[214,126462,125896],{"href":125895},[32,126464,126465],{},[214,126466,90681],{"href":90680},[2204,126468,126469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":126471},[126472,126473,126474,126475,126476,126477,126478,126479,126480,126489,126496],{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":125049,"depth":97,"text":125050},{"id":125213,"depth":97,"text":125214},{"id":125288,"depth":97,"text":125289},{"id":125388,"depth":97,"text":125389},{"id":125493,"depth":97,"text":125494},{"id":125671,"depth":97,"text":125672},{"id":125788,"depth":97,"text":125789},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":126481},[126482,126483,126484,126485,126487,126488],{"id":90488,"depth":122,"text":90489},{"id":125961,"depth":122,"text":125962},{"id":126044,"depth":122,"text":126045},{"id":126108,"depth":122,"text":126486},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126214,"depth":122,"text":126215},{"id":60992,"depth":122,"text":60993},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":126490},[126491,126492,126493,126494,126495],{"id":126383,"depth":122,"text":126384},{"id":126395,"depth":122,"text":126396},{"id":126402,"depth":122,"text":126403},{"id":126412,"depth":122,"text":126413},{"id":126426,"depth":122,"text":126427},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124911,"description":126497},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126504,"title":126505,"body":126506,"description":128420,"extension":2249,"meta":128421,"navigation":125,"path":128422,"seo":128423,"stem":128424,"__hash__":128425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126507,"toc":128381},[126508,126514,126519,126527,126529,126596,126598,126610,126619,126624,126628,126645,126647,126712,126714,126726,126731,126733,126761,126782,126785,126824,126826,126834,126838,126842,126846,126854,126857,126898,126900,126908,126911,126968,126970,126978,126982,126987,127031,127033,127041,127050,127054,127059,127107,127109,127117,127123,127125,127129,127141,127146,127225,127227,127247,127251,127255,127295,127297,127305,127309,127352,127354,127362,127366,127406,127408,127416,127420,127476,127478,127486,127492,127494,127498,127508,127575,127577,127590,127597,127640,127642,127650,127654,127657,127713,127715,127723,127726,127728,127805,127807,127815,127824,127826,127830,127834,127836,127858,127861,127908,127912,127951,127953,127961,127963,128005,128012,128017,128079,128081,128093,128099,128104,128153,128155,128174,128180,128182,128201,128203,128294,128296,128302,128309,128315,128321,128326,128335,128342,128350,128352,128378],[10,126509,123455,126511,18],{"id":126510},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126512,126513],{},"endswith()",[20,126515,123460,126516,126518],{},[15,126517,126513],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126520,126521,126522,3159,126524,126526],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126523,3885],{},[15,126525,3954],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[47,126528,50],{"id":49},[52,126530,126532],{"className":54,"code":126531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126533,126534,126548,126573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126535,126536,126539,126541,126543,126546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126537,126538],{"class":67},"filename ",[61,126540,72],{"class":71},[61,126542,515],{"class":503},[61,126544,126545],{"class":507},"report.csv",[61,126547,3639],{"class":503},[61,126549,126550,126552,126554,126557,126559,126562,126564,126566,126569,126571],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126551,160],{"class":159},[61,126553,147],{"class":75},[61,126555,126556],{"class":143},"filename",[61,126558,140],{"class":75},[61,126560,126561],{"class":143},"endswith",[61,126563,147],{"class":75},[61,126565,504],{"class":503},[61,126567,126568],{"class":507},".csv",[61,126570,504],{"class":503},[61,126572,1761],{"class":75},[61,126574,126575,126577,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126592,126594],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126576,160],{"class":159},[61,126578,147],{"class":75},[61,126580,126556],{"class":143},[61,126582,140],{"class":75},[61,126584,126561],{"class":143},[61,126586,147],{"class":75},[61,126588,504],{"class":503},[61,126590,126591],{"class":507},".txt",[61,126593,504],{"class":503},[61,126595,1761],{"class":75},[20,126597,1598],{},[52,126599,126600],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126601,126602,126606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126603,126604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126605,4262],{"class":4133},[61,126607,126608],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126609,4323],{"class":4133},[20,126611,1503,126612,5649,126614,3159,126616,126618],{},[15,126613,126513],{},[15,126615,3885],{},[15,126617,3954],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[47,126620,184,126622,187],{"id":126621},"what-endswith-does",[15,126623,126513],{},[20,126625,126626,192],{},[15,126627,126513],{},[29,126629,126630,126633,126639,126642],{},[32,126631,126632],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[32,126634,11704,126635,3159,126637],{},[15,126636,3885],{},[15,126638,3954],{},[32,126640,126641],{},"Does not change the original string",[32,126643,126644],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126646,368],{},[52,126648,126650],{"className":54,"code":126649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126651,126652,126664,126668,126690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126653,126654,126656,126658,126660,126662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126655,34962],{"class":67},[61,126657,72],{"class":71},[61,126659,515],{"class":503},[61,126661,60689],{"class":507},[61,126663,3639],{"class":503},[61,126665,126666],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126667,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,126669,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,126671,160],{"class":159},[61,126673,147],{"class":75},[61,126675,34983],{"class":143},[61,126677,140],{"class":75},[61,126679,126561],{"class":143},[61,126681,147],{"class":75},[61,126683,504],{"class":503},[61,126685,60874],{"class":507},[61,126687,504],{"class":503},[61,126689,1761],{"class":75},[61,126691,126692,126694,126696,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,126693,160],{"class":159},[61,126695,147],{"class":75},[61,126697,34983],{"class":143},[61,126699,140],{"class":75},[61,126701,126561],{"class":143},[61,126703,147],{"class":75},[61,126705,504],{"class":503},[61,126707,4126],{"class":507},[61,126709,504],{"class":503},[61,126711,1761],{"class":75},[20,126713,1598],{},[52,126715,126716],{"className":54,"code":44453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126717,126718,126722],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126719,126720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126721,4262],{"class":4133},[61,126723,126724],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126725,4323],{"class":4133},[20,126727,126728,126729,140],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[214,126730,125210],{"href":51257},[47,126732,221],{"id":220},[52,126734,126736],{"className":54,"code":126735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126737,126738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126739,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126741,61455],{"class":67},[61,126743,140],{"class":75},[61,126745,126561],{"class":143},[61,126747,147],{"class":75},[61,126749,126750],{"class":143},"suffix",[61,126752,83],{"class":75},[61,126754,36328],{"class":143},[61,126756,83],{"class":75},[61,126758,65320],{"class":143},[61,126760,153],{"class":75},[29,126762,126763,126768,126775],{},[32,126764,126765,126767],{},[15,126766,126750],{}," is required",[32,126769,126770,700,126772,126774],{},[15,126771,36349],{},[15,126773,52943],{}," are optional",[32,126776,126777,700,126779,126781],{},[15,126778,36349],{},[15,126780,52943],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126783,126784],{},"Basic example:",[52,126786,126788],{"className":54,"code":126787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126789,126790,126802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126791,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126793,126538],{"class":67},[61,126795,72],{"class":71},[61,126797,515],{"class":503},[61,126799,87170],{"class":507},[61,126801,3639],{"class":503},[61,126803,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126805,160],{"class":159},[61,126807,147],{"class":75},[61,126809,126556],{"class":143},[61,126811,140],{"class":75},[61,126813,126561],{"class":143},[61,126815,147],{"class":75},[61,126817,504],{"class":503},[61,126819,126591],{"class":507},[61,126821,504],{"class":503},[61,126823,1761],{"class":75},[20,126825,1598],{},[52,126827,126828],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126829,126830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126831,126832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126833,4262],{"class":4133},[47,126835,126837],{"id":126836},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[887,126839,126840],{"id":126750},[15,126841,126750],{},[20,126843,126844,31025],{},[15,126845,126750],{},[29,126847,126848,126851],{},[32,126849,126850],{},"A single string",[32,126852,126853],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126855,126856],{},"Single suffix:",[52,126858,126860],{"className":54,"code":126859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126861,126862,126875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126863,126864,126866,126868,126870,126873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126865,8159],{"class":67},[61,126867,72],{"class":71},[61,126869,515],{"class":503},[61,126871,126872],{"class":507},"image.png",[61,126874,3639],{"class":503},[61,126876,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126894,126896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126878,160],{"class":159},[61,126880,147],{"class":75},[61,126882,7949],{"class":143},[61,126884,140],{"class":75},[61,126886,126561],{"class":143},[61,126888,147],{"class":75},[61,126890,504],{"class":503},[61,126892,126893],{"class":507},".png",[61,126895,504],{"class":503},[61,126897,1761],{"class":75},[20,126899,1598],{},[52,126901,126902],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126903,126904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126905,126906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126907,4262],{"class":4133},[20,126909,126910],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[52,126912,126914],{"className":54,"code":126913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126915,126916,126928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126917,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126919,8159],{"class":67},[61,126921,72],{"class":71},[61,126923,515],{"class":503},[61,126925,126872],{"class":507},[61,126927,3639],{"class":503},[61,126929,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126964,126966],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126931,160],{"class":159},[61,126933,147],{"class":75},[61,126935,7949],{"class":143},[61,126937,140],{"class":75},[61,126939,126561],{"class":143},[61,126941,5790],{"class":75},[61,126943,504],{"class":503},[61,126945,126946],{"class":507},".jpg",[61,126948,504],{"class":503},[61,126950,83],{"class":75},[61,126952,515],{"class":503},[61,126954,126893],{"class":507},[61,126956,504],{"class":503},[61,126958,83],{"class":75},[61,126960,515],{"class":503},[61,126962,126963],{"class":507},".gif",[61,126965,504],{"class":503},[61,126967,3193],{"class":75},[20,126969,1598],{},[52,126971,126972],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126973,126974],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126975,126976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126977,4262],{"class":4133},[887,126979,126980],{"id":36349},[15,126981,36349],{},[20,126983,126984,126986],{},[15,126985,36349],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[52,126988,126990],{"className":54,"code":126989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126991,126992,127005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126993,126994,126996,126998,127000,127003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126995,34962],{"class":67},[61,126997,72],{"class":71},[61,126999,515],{"class":503},[61,127001,127002],{"class":507},"my_report.csv",[61,127004,3639],{"class":503},[61,127006,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127008,160],{"class":159},[61,127010,147],{"class":75},[61,127012,34983],{"class":143},[61,127014,140],{"class":75},[61,127016,126561],{"class":143},[61,127018,147],{"class":75},[61,127020,504],{"class":503},[61,127022,126568],{"class":507},[61,127024,504],{"class":503},[61,127026,83],{"class":75},[61,127028,91],{"class":79},[61,127030,1761],{"class":75},[20,127032,1598],{},[52,127034,127035],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127036,127037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127038,127039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127040,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127042,127043,127044,127046,127047,140],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127045,107],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127048,127049],{},"\"report.csv\"",[887,127051,127052],{"id":52943},[15,127053,52943],{},[20,127055,127056,127058],{},[15,127057,52943],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[52,127060,127062],{"className":54,"code":127061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127063,127064,127077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127065,127066,127068,127070,127072,127075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127067,34962],{"class":67},[61,127069,72],{"class":71},[61,127071,515],{"class":503},[61,127073,127074],{"class":507},"report.csv backup",[61,127076,3639],{"class":503},[61,127078,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127080,160],{"class":159},[61,127082,147],{"class":75},[61,127084,34983],{"class":143},[61,127086,140],{"class":75},[61,127088,126561],{"class":143},[61,127090,147],{"class":75},[61,127092,504],{"class":503},[61,127094,126568],{"class":507},[61,127096,504],{"class":503},[61,127098,83],{"class":75},[61,127100,4114],{"class":79},[61,127102,83],{"class":75},[61,127104,6285],{"class":79},[61,127106,1761],{"class":75},[20,127108,1598],{},[52,127110,127111],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127112,127113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127114,127115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127116,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127118,127119,127120,127122],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127121,127049],{}," and ignores the rest.",[47,127124,17698],{"id":17697},[20,127126,127127,25784],{},[15,127128,126513],{},[29,127130,127131,127136],{},[32,127132,127133,127135],{},[15,127134,3885],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[32,127137,127138,127140],{},[15,127139,3954],{}," if it does not",[20,127142,127143,127144,7452],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127145,7277],{},[52,127147,127149],{"className":54,"code":127148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127150,127151,127164,127168,127189,127204,127210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127154,126538],{"class":67},[61,127156,72],{"class":71},[61,127158,515],{"class":503},[61,127160,127161],{"class":507},"data.csv",[61,127163,3639],{"class":503},[61,127165,127166],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127167,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,127169,127170,127172,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,127171,7277],{"class":4158},[61,127173,127174],{"class":67}," filename",[61,127176,140],{"class":75},[61,127178,126561],{"class":143},[61,127180,147],{"class":75},[61,127182,504],{"class":503},[61,127184,126568],{"class":507},[61,127186,504],{"class":503},[61,127188,8626],{"class":75},[61,127190,127191,127193,127195,127197,127200,127202],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,127192,8352],{"class":159},[61,127194,147],{"class":75},[61,127196,504],{"class":503},[61,127198,127199],{"class":507},"This is a CSV file.",[61,127201,504],{"class":503},[61,127203,153],{"class":75},[61,127205,127206,127208],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,127207,27710],{"class":4158},[61,127209,6673],{"class":75},[61,127211,127212,127214,127216,127218,127221,127223],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,127213,8352],{"class":159},[61,127215,147],{"class":75},[61,127217,504],{"class":503},[61,127219,127220],{"class":507},"This is not a CSV file.",[61,127222,504],{"class":503},[61,127224,153],{"class":75},[20,127226,1598],{},[52,127228,127230],{"className":54,"code":127229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127231,127232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127243,127245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127235,50160],{"class":67},[61,127237,12474],{"class":71},[61,127239,44824],{"class":67},[61,127241,127242],{"class":34728},"CSV",[61,127244,86911],{"class":86910},[61,127246,122487],{"class":75},[47,127248,127250],{"id":127249},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[887,127252,127254],{"id":127253},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[52,127256,127258],{"className":54,"code":127257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127259,127260,127273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127261,127262,127264,127266,127268,127271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127263,126538],{"class":67},[61,127265,72],{"class":71},[61,127267,515],{"class":503},[61,127269,127270],{"class":507},"sales.csv",[61,127272,3639],{"class":503},[61,127274,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127276,160],{"class":159},[61,127278,147],{"class":75},[61,127280,126556],{"class":143},[61,127282,140],{"class":75},[61,127284,126561],{"class":143},[61,127286,147],{"class":75},[61,127288,504],{"class":503},[61,127290,126568],{"class":507},[61,127292,504],{"class":503},[61,127294,1761],{"class":75},[20,127296,1598],{},[52,127298,127299],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127300,127301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127302,127303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127304,4262],{"class":4133},[887,127306,127308],{"id":127307},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[52,127310,127312],{"className":54,"code":127311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127313,127314,127328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127315,127316,127319,127321,127323,127326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127317,127318],{"class":67},"url ",[61,127320,72],{"class":71},[61,127322,515],{"class":503},[61,127324,127325],{"class":507},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[61,127327,3639],{"class":503},[61,127329,127330,127332,127334,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127348,127350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127331,160],{"class":159},[61,127333,147],{"class":75},[61,127335,127336],{"class":143},"url",[61,127338,140],{"class":75},[61,127340,126561],{"class":143},[61,127342,147],{"class":75},[61,127344,504],{"class":503},[61,127346,127347],{"class":507},"\u002F",[61,127349,504],{"class":503},[61,127351,1761],{"class":75},[20,127353,1598],{},[52,127355,127356],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127357,127358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127359,127360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127361,4262],{"class":4133},[887,127363,127365],{"id":127364},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[52,127367,127369],{"className":54,"code":127368,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127370,127371,127384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127372,127373,127375,127377,127379,127382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127374,90282],{"class":67},[61,127376,72],{"class":71},[61,127378,515],{"class":503},[61,127380,127381],{"class":507},"Hello!",[61,127383,3639],{"class":503},[61,127385,127386,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127387,160],{"class":159},[61,127389,147],{"class":75},[61,127391,90299],{"class":143},[61,127393,140],{"class":75},[61,127395,126561],{"class":143},[61,127397,147],{"class":75},[61,127399,504],{"class":503},[61,127401,90123],{"class":507},[61,127403,504],{"class":503},[61,127405,1761],{"class":75},[20,127407,1598],{},[52,127409,127410],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127411,127412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127413,127414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127415,4262],{"class":4133},[887,127417,127419],{"id":127418},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[52,127421,127423],{"className":54,"code":127422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127424,127425,127438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433,127436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127428,126538],{"class":67},[61,127430,72],{"class":71},[61,127432,515],{"class":503},[61,127434,127435],{"class":507},"photo.jpg",[61,127437,3639],{"class":503},[61,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127441,160],{"class":159},[61,127443,147],{"class":75},[61,127445,126556],{"class":143},[61,127447,140],{"class":75},[61,127449,126561],{"class":143},[61,127451,5790],{"class":75},[61,127453,504],{"class":503},[61,127455,126946],{"class":507},[61,127457,504],{"class":503},[61,127459,83],{"class":75},[61,127461,515],{"class":503},[61,127463,126893],{"class":507},[61,127465,504],{"class":503},[61,127467,83],{"class":75},[61,127469,515],{"class":503},[61,127471,126963],{"class":507},[61,127473,504],{"class":503},[61,127475,3193],{"class":75},[20,127477,1598],{},[52,127479,127480],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127481,127482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127483,127484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127485,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127487,127488,127489,140],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[214,127490,127491],{"href":123710},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[47,127493,124102],{"id":124101},[20,127495,127496,123913],{},[15,127497,126513],{},[20,127499,127500,127501,700,127504,127507],{},"That means ",[15,127502,127503],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127505,127506],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[52,127509,127511],{"className":54,"code":127510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127512,127513,127526,127530,127552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127516,126538],{"class":67},[61,127518,72],{"class":71},[61,127520,515],{"class":503},[61,127522,127523],{"class":507},"REPORT.CSV",[61,127525,3639],{"class":503},[61,127527,127528],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127529,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,127531,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,127533,160],{"class":159},[61,127535,147],{"class":75},[61,127537,126556],{"class":143},[61,127539,140],{"class":75},[61,127541,126561],{"class":143},[61,127543,147],{"class":75},[61,127545,504],{"class":503},[61,127547,126568],{"class":507},[61,127549,504],{"class":503},[61,127551,1761],{"class":75},[61,127553,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127571,127573],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,127555,160],{"class":159},[61,127557,147],{"class":75},[61,127559,126556],{"class":143},[61,127561,140],{"class":75},[61,127563,126561],{"class":143},[61,127565,147],{"class":75},[61,127567,504],{"class":503},[61,127569,127570],{"class":507},".CSV",[61,127572,504],{"class":503},[61,127574,1761],{"class":75},[20,127576,1598],{},[52,127578,127580],{"className":54,"code":127579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127581,127582,127586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127583,127584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127585,4323],{"class":4133},[61,127587,127588],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127589,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127591,127592,127593,140],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[214,127594,127595],{"href":124182},[15,127596,124185],{},[52,127598,127600],{"className":54,"code":127599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127601,127602,127614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127603,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127605,126538],{"class":67},[61,127607,72],{"class":71},[61,127609,515],{"class":503},[61,127611,127523],{"class":507},[61,127613,3639],{"class":503},[61,127615,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127617,160],{"class":159},[61,127619,147],{"class":75},[61,127621,126556],{"class":143},[61,127623,140],{"class":75},[61,127625,8923],{"class":143},[61,127627,8920],{"class":75},[61,127629,126561],{"class":143},[61,127631,147],{"class":75},[61,127633,504],{"class":503},[61,127635,126568],{"class":507},[61,127637,504],{"class":503},[61,127639,1761],{"class":75},[20,127641,1598],{},[52,127643,127644],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127645,127646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127647,127648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127649,4262],{"class":4133},[47,127651,127653],{"id":127652},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127655,127656],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[52,127658,127660],{"className":54,"code":127659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127661,127662,127675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127663,127664,127666,127668,127670,127673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127665,126538],{"class":67},[61,127667,72],{"class":71},[61,127669,515],{"class":503},[61,127671,127672],{"class":507},"picture.gif",[61,127674,3639],{"class":503},[61,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127678,160],{"class":159},[61,127680,147],{"class":75},[61,127682,126556],{"class":143},[61,127684,140],{"class":75},[61,127686,126561],{"class":143},[61,127688,5790],{"class":75},[61,127690,504],{"class":503},[61,127692,126946],{"class":507},[61,127694,504],{"class":503},[61,127696,83],{"class":75},[61,127698,515],{"class":503},[61,127700,126893],{"class":507},[61,127702,504],{"class":503},[61,127704,83],{"class":75},[61,127706,515],{"class":503},[61,127708,126963],{"class":507},[61,127710,504],{"class":503},[61,127712,3193],{"class":75},[20,127714,1598],{},[52,127716,127717],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127718,127719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127720,127721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127722,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127724,127725],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127727,52362],{},[52,127729,127731],{"className":54,"code":127730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127732,127733,127746,127781,127785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127734,127735,127738,127740,127742,127744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127736,127737],{"class":67},"document ",[61,127739,72],{"class":71},[61,127741,515],{"class":503},[61,127743,87170],{"class":507},[61,127745,3639],{"class":503},[61,127747,127748,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127768,127770,127772,127774,127777,127779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127749,127750],{"class":67},"allowed ",[61,127752,72],{"class":71},[61,127754,1058],{"class":75},[61,127756,504],{"class":503},[61,127758,126591],{"class":507},[61,127760,504],{"class":503},[61,127762,83],{"class":75},[61,127764,515],{"class":503},[61,127766,127767],{"class":507},".md",[61,127769,504],{"class":503},[61,127771,83],{"class":75},[61,127773,515],{"class":503},[61,127775,127776],{"class":507},".docx",[61,127778,504],{"class":503},[61,127780,153],{"class":75},[61,127782,127783],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,127784,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,127786,127787,127789,127791,127794,127796,127798,127800,127803],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,127788,160],{"class":159},[61,127790,147],{"class":75},[61,127792,127793],{"class":143},"document",[61,127795,140],{"class":75},[61,127797,126561],{"class":143},[61,127799,147],{"class":75},[61,127801,127802],{"class":143},"allowed",[61,127804,1761],{"class":75},[20,127806,1598],{},[52,127808,127809],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127810,127811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127812,127813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127814,4262],{"class":4133},[20,127816,127817,127818,140],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[214,127819,126455,127821,1516],{"href":127820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127822,127823],{},"startswith()",[47,127825,3111],{"id":3110},[20,127827,8731,127828,140],{},[15,127829,126513],{},[887,127831,127833],{"id":127832},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127835,4804],{},[52,127837,127839],{"className":54,"code":127838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127840,127841,127853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127842,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127844,126538],{"class":67},[61,127846,72],{"class":71},[61,127848,515],{"class":503},[61,127850,127435],{"class":507},[61,127852,3639],{"class":503},[61,127854,127855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127856,127857],{"class":173},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127859,127860],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[52,127862,127864],{"className":54,"code":127863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127865,127866,127878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127867,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127869,126538],{"class":67},[61,127871,72],{"class":71},[61,127873,515],{"class":503},[61,127875,127435],{"class":507},[61,127877,3639],{"class":503},[61,127879,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127881,160],{"class":159},[61,127883,147],{"class":75},[61,127885,126556],{"class":143},[61,127887,140],{"class":75},[61,127889,126561],{"class":143},[61,127891,5790],{"class":75},[61,127893,504],{"class":503},[61,127895,126946],{"class":507},[61,127897,504],{"class":503},[61,127899,83],{"class":75},[61,127901,515],{"class":503},[61,127903,126893],{"class":507},[61,127905,504],{"class":503},[61,127907,3193],{"class":75},[887,127909,127911],{"id":127910},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[52,127913,127915],{"className":54,"code":127914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127916,127917,127929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127918,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127920,126538],{"class":67},[61,127922,72],{"class":71},[61,127924,515],{"class":503},[61,127926,127523],{"class":507},[61,127928,3639],{"class":503},[61,127930,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127932,160],{"class":159},[61,127934,147],{"class":75},[61,127936,126556],{"class":143},[61,127938,140],{"class":75},[61,127940,126561],{"class":143},[61,127942,147],{"class":75},[61,127944,504],{"class":503},[61,127946,126568],{"class":507},[61,127948,504],{"class":503},[61,127950,1761],{"class":75},[20,127952,1598],{},[52,127954,127955],{"className":54,"code":4323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127956,127957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127958,127959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127960,4323],{"class":4133},[20,127962,39539],{},[52,127964,127965],{"className":54,"code":127599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127966,127967,127979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127970,126538],{"class":67},[61,127972,72],{"class":71},[61,127974,515],{"class":503},[61,127976,127523],{"class":507},[61,127978,3639],{"class":503},[61,127980,127981,127983,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001,128003],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127982,160],{"class":159},[61,127984,147],{"class":75},[61,127986,126556],{"class":143},[61,127988,140],{"class":75},[61,127990,8923],{"class":143},[61,127992,8920],{"class":75},[61,127994,126561],{"class":143},[61,127996,147],{"class":75},[61,127998,504],{"class":503},[61,128000,126568],{"class":507},[61,128002,504],{"class":503},[61,128004,1761],{"class":75},[887,128006,37480,128008,2020,128010],{"id":128007},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128009,126513],{},[15,128011,4165],{},[20,128013,128014,128016],{},[15,128015,126513],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[52,128018,128020],{"className":54,"code":128019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128021,128022,128035,128039,128061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128023,128024,128026,128028,128030,128033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128025,34962],{"class":67},[61,128027,72],{"class":71},[61,128029,515],{"class":503},[61,128031,128032],{"class":507},"my_report.csv.backup",[61,128034,3639],{"class":503},[61,128036,128037],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128038,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,128040,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128042,160],{"class":159},[61,128044,147],{"class":75},[61,128046,34983],{"class":143},[61,128048,140],{"class":75},[61,128050,126561],{"class":143},[61,128052,147],{"class":75},[61,128054,504],{"class":503},[61,128056,126568],{"class":507},[61,128058,504],{"class":503},[61,128060,1761],{"class":75},[61,128062,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128064,160],{"class":159},[61,128066,147],{"class":75},[61,128068,504],{"class":503},[61,128070,126568],{"class":507},[61,128072,504],{"class":503},[61,128074,21452],{"class":4158},[61,128076,43120],{"class":143},[61,128078,153],{"class":75},[20,128080,1598],{},[52,128082,128083],{"className":54,"code":127579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,128084,128085,128089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128086,128087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128088,4323],{"class":4133},[61,128090,128091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128092,4262],{"class":4133},[887,128094,1524,128096,128098],{"id":128095},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128097,126513],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128100,128101,128103],{},[15,128102,126513],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[52,128105,128107],{"className":54,"code":128106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128108,128109,128121,128143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128112,126538],{"class":67},[61,128114,72],{"class":71},[61,128116,515],{"class":503},[61,128118,126545],{"class":507},[61,128120,3639],{"class":503},[61,128122,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128124,160],{"class":159},[61,128126,147],{"class":75},[61,128128,126556],{"class":143},[61,128130,140],{"class":75},[61,128132,126561],{"class":143},[61,128134,147],{"class":75},[61,128136,504],{"class":503},[61,128138,126568],{"class":507},[61,128140,504],{"class":503},[61,128142,1761],{"class":75},[61,128144,128145,128147,128149,128151],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128146,160],{"class":159},[61,128148,147],{"class":75},[61,128150,126556],{"class":143},[61,128152,153],{"class":75},[20,128154,1598],{},[52,128156,128158],{"className":54,"code":128157,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128159,128160,128164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128161,128162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128163,4262],{"class":4133},[61,128165,128166,128169,128171],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128167,128168],{"class":67},"report",[61,128170,140],{"class":75},[61,128172,128173],{"class":2103},"csv\n",[20,128175,128176,128177,140],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[214,128178,128179],{"href":124623},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128181,66341],{},[29,128183,128184,128187,128190,128193],{},[32,128185,128186],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[32,128188,128189],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[32,128191,128192],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[32,128194,716,128195,44909,128197,3159,128199,111796],{},[15,128196,126513],{},[15,128198,124626],{},[15,128200,41932],{},[20,128202,30411],{},[52,128204,128206],{"className":54,"code":128205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128207,128208,128218,128232,128254,128280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128209,128210,128212,128214,128216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128211,160],{"class":159},[61,128213,147],{"class":75},[61,128215,34983],{"class":143},[61,128217,153],{"class":75},[61,128219,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128221,160],{"class":159},[61,128223,147],{"class":75},[61,128225,42058],{"class":159},[61,128227,147],{"class":75},[61,128229,34983],{"class":143},[61,128231,1761],{"class":75},[61,128233,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128252],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128235,160],{"class":159},[61,128237,147],{"class":75},[61,128239,34983],{"class":143},[61,128241,140],{"class":75},[61,128243,126561],{"class":143},[61,128245,147],{"class":75},[61,128247,630],{"class":503},[61,128249,126568],{"class":507},[61,128251,630],{"class":503},[61,128253,1761],{"class":75},[61,128255,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128257,160],{"class":159},[61,128259,147],{"class":75},[61,128261,34983],{"class":143},[61,128263,140],{"class":75},[61,128265,8923],{"class":143},[61,128267,8920],{"class":75},[61,128269,126561],{"class":143},[61,128271,147],{"class":75},[61,128273,630],{"class":503},[61,128275,126568],{"class":507},[61,128277,630],{"class":503},[61,128279,1761],{"class":75},[61,128281,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,128283,160],{"class":159},[61,128285,147],{"class":75},[61,128287,2072],{"class":2071},[61,128289,147],{"class":75},[61,128291,34983],{"class":143},[61,128293,1761],{"class":75},[47,128295,2109],{"id":2108},[887,128297,2113,128299,128301],{"id":128298},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128300,126513],{}," change the string?",[20,128303,128304,128305,3159,128307,140],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128306,3885],{},[15,128308,3954],{},[887,128310,2123,128312,128314],{"id":128311},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128313,126513],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128316,128317,128318,140],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128319,128320],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[887,128322,15184,128324,124791],{"id":128323},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128325,126513],{},[20,128327,128328,128329,3159,128331,128334],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128330,124185],{},[15,128332,128333],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[887,128336,2153,128338,700,128340,2159],{"id":128337},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128339,126513],{},[15,128341,124450],{},[20,128343,128344,128346,128347,128349],{},[15,128345,126513],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128348,124450],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[47,128351,2172],{"id":2171},[29,128353,128354,128360,128366,128370,128374],{},[32,128355,128356],{},[214,128357,126455,128358,1516],{"href":127820},[15,128359,127823],{},[32,128361,128362],{},[214,128363,126455,128364,1516],{"href":124182},[15,128365,124185],{},[32,128367,128368],{},[214,128369,124854],{"href":123710},[32,128371,128372],{},[214,128373,124861],{"href":124623},[32,128375,128376],{},[214,128377,125210],{"href":51257},[2204,128379,128380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":128382},[128383,128384,128386,128387,128392,128393,128399,128400,128401,128409,128419],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":126621,"depth":97,"text":128385},"What endswith() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":126836,"depth":97,"text":126837,"children":128388},[128389,128390,128391],{"id":126750,"depth":122,"text":126750},{"id":36349,"depth":122,"text":36349},{"id":52943,"depth":122,"text":52943},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":127249,"depth":97,"text":127250,"children":128394},[128395,128396,128397,128398],{"id":127253,"depth":122,"text":127254},{"id":127307,"depth":122,"text":127308},{"id":127364,"depth":122,"text":127365},{"id":127418,"depth":122,"text":127419},{"id":124101,"depth":97,"text":124102},{"id":127652,"depth":97,"text":127653},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":128402},[128403,128404,128405,128407],{"id":127832,"depth":122,"text":127833},{"id":127910,"depth":122,"text":127911},{"id":128007,"depth":122,"text":128406},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128095,"depth":122,"text":128408},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":128410},[128411,128413,128415,128417],{"id":128298,"depth":122,"text":128412},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128311,"depth":122,"text":128414},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128323,"depth":122,"text":128416},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128337,"depth":122,"text":128418},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126505,"description":128420},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128427,"title":128428,"body":128429,"description":130097,"extension":2249,"meta":130098,"navigation":125,"path":130099,"seo":130100,"stem":130101,"__hash__":130102},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128430,"toc":130070},[128431,128436,128441,128446,128451,128544,128554,128559,128564,128579,128581,128663,128671,128673,128675,128702,128704,128720,128727,128729,128837,128839,128844,128860,128862,128957,128965,128968,128974,128979,128984,128991,129130,129133,129146,129148,129152,129159,129229,129232,129281,129288,129295,129309,129314,129319,129365,129411,129427,129429,129434,129448,129451,129573,129578,129580,129585,129618,129621,129697,129699,129708,129722,129725,129809,129812,129923,129926,129954,129956,129963,129967,129973,129976,129982,129985,129992,130003,130009,130016,130018,130067],[10,128432,123455,128434,18],{"id":128433},"python-string-find-method",[15,128435,124450],{},[20,128437,123460,128438,128440],{},[15,128439,124450],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128442,128443,128444,140],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128445,66132],{},[20,128447,1503,128448,128450],{},[15,128449,124450],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[52,128452,128454],{"className":54,"code":128453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128455,128456,128468,128491,128504,128508,128531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128457,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128459,34962],{"class":67},[61,128461,72],{"class":71},[61,128463,515],{"class":503},[61,128465,60689],{"class":507},[61,128467,3639],{"class":503},[61,128469,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128471,65199],{"class":67},[61,128473,72],{"class":71},[61,128475,43120],{"class":67},[61,128477,140],{"class":75},[61,128479,128480],{"class":143},"find",[61,128482,147],{"class":75},[61,128484,504],{"class":503},[61,128486,60874],{"class":507},[61,128488,504],{"class":503},[61,128490,153],{"class":75},[61,128492,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128494,160],{"class":159},[61,128496,147],{"class":75},[61,128498,65226],{"class":143},[61,128500,442],{"class":75},[61,128502,128503],{"class":173},"   # 6\n",[61,128505,128506],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128507,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,128509,128510,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,128511,128512],{"class":67},"missing ",[61,128514,72],{"class":71},[61,128516,43120],{"class":67},[61,128518,140],{"class":75},[61,128520,128480],{"class":143},[61,128522,147],{"class":75},[61,128524,504],{"class":503},[61,128526,56],{"class":507},[61,128528,504],{"class":503},[61,128530,153],{"class":75},[61,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,128534,160],{"class":159},[61,128536,147],{"class":75},[61,128538,27049],{"class":143},[61,128540,442],{"class":75},[61,128542,128543],{"class":173},"    # -1\n",[43859,128545,128546],{},[20,128547,1503,128548,128550,128551,128553],{},[15,128549,124450],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128552,66132],{}," if the substring is not found.",[47,128555,184,128557,187],{"id":128556},"what-find-does",[15,128558,124450],{},[20,128560,128561,128563],{},[15,128562,124450],{}," is a string method that:",[29,128565,128566,128569,128572,128577],{},[32,128567,128568],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[32,128570,128571],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[32,128573,11704,128574,128576],{},[15,128575,66132],{}," if no match is found",[32,128578,126641],{},[20,128580,368],{},[52,128582,128584],{"className":54,"code":128583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128585,128586,128598,128602,128626,128650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128589,34962],{"class":67},[61,128591,72],{"class":71},[61,128593,515],{"class":503},[61,128595,518],{"class":507},[61,128597,3639],{"class":503},[61,128599,128600],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128601,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,128603,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128605,160],{"class":159},[61,128607,147],{"class":75},[61,128609,34983],{"class":143},[61,128611,140],{"class":75},[61,128613,128480],{"class":143},[61,128615,147],{"class":75},[61,128617,504],{"class":503},[61,128619,123548],{"class":507},[61,128621,504],{"class":503},[61,128623,5641],{"class":75},[61,128625,57928],{"class":173},[61,128627,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128629,160],{"class":159},[61,128631,147],{"class":75},[61,128633,34983],{"class":143},[61,128635,140],{"class":75},[61,128637,128480],{"class":143},[61,128639,147],{"class":75},[61,128641,504],{"class":503},[61,128643,2458],{"class":507},[61,128645,504],{"class":503},[61,128647,5641],{"class":75},[61,128649,128543],{"class":173},[61,128651,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,128653,160],{"class":159},[61,128655,147],{"class":75},[61,128657,34983],{"class":143},[61,128659,442],{"class":75},[61,128661,128662],{"class":173},"              # banana\n",[20,128664,21050,128665,128668,128669,140],{},[15,128666,128667],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128670,301],{},[47,128672,221],{"id":220},[20,128674,2444],{},[52,128676,128678],{"className":54,"code":128677,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128679,128680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128681,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128683,61455],{"class":67},[61,128685,140],{"class":75},[61,128687,128480],{"class":143},[61,128689,147],{"class":75},[61,128691,2755],{"class":143},[61,128693,83],{"class":75},[61,128695,36328],{"class":143},[61,128697,83],{"class":75},[61,128699,65320],{"class":143},[61,128701,153],{"class":75},[887,128703,17674],{"id":17673},[29,128705,128706,128710,128715],{},[32,128707,128708,123647],{},[15,128709,2755],{},[32,128711,128712,128714],{},[15,128713,36349],{},": optional starting position",[32,128716,128717,128719],{},[15,128718,52943],{},": optional ending position",[20,128721,128722,700,128724,128726],{},[15,128723,36349],{},[15,128725,52943],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128728,126784],{},[52,128730,128732],{"className":54,"code":128731,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128733,128734,128746,128750,128775,128804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128735,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128737,34962],{"class":67},[61,128739,72],{"class":71},[61,128741,515],{"class":503},[61,128743,60689],{"class":507},[61,128745,3639],{"class":503},[61,128747,128748],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128749,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,128751,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128753,160],{"class":159},[61,128755,147],{"class":75},[61,128757,34983],{"class":143},[61,128759,140],{"class":75},[61,128761,128480],{"class":143},[61,128763,147],{"class":75},[61,128765,504],{"class":503},[61,128767,60756],{"class":507},[61,128769,504],{"class":503},[61,128771,5641],{"class":75},[61,128773,128774],{"class":173},"        # 4\n",[61,128776,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128778,160],{"class":159},[61,128780,147],{"class":75},[61,128782,34983],{"class":143},[61,128784,140],{"class":75},[61,128786,128480],{"class":143},[61,128788,147],{"class":75},[61,128790,504],{"class":503},[61,128792,60756],{"class":507},[61,128794,504],{"class":503},[61,128796,83],{"class":75},[61,128798,117],{"class":79},[61,128800,5641],{"class":75},[61,128802,128803],{"class":173},"     # 7\n",[61,128805,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,128807,160],{"class":159},[61,128809,147],{"class":75},[61,128811,34983],{"class":143},[61,128813,140],{"class":75},[61,128815,128480],{"class":143},[61,128817,147],{"class":75},[61,128819,504],{"class":503},[61,128821,60756],{"class":507},[61,128823,504],{"class":503},[61,128825,83],{"class":75},[61,128827,117],{"class":79},[61,128829,83],{"class":75},[61,128831,6274],{"class":79},[61,128833,5641],{"class":75},[61,128835,128836],{"class":173},"  # -1\n",[47,128838,38297],{"id":38296},[20,128840,57827,128841,128843],{},[15,128842,124450],{}," is always an integer.",[29,128845,128846,128852,128855],{},[32,128847,128848,128849,128851],{},"A number ",[15,128850,2405],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[32,128853,128854],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[32,128856,128857,128859],{},[15,128858,66132],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128861,368],{},[52,128863,128865],{"className":54,"code":128864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128866,128867,128879,128883,128908,128933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128868,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128870,34962],{"class":67},[61,128872,72],{"class":71},[61,128874,515],{"class":503},[61,128876,56],{"class":507},[61,128878,3639],{"class":503},[61,128880,128881],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128882,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,128884,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128902,128904,128906],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,128886,160],{"class":159},[61,128888,147],{"class":75},[61,128890,34983],{"class":143},[61,128892,140],{"class":75},[61,128894,128480],{"class":143},[61,128896,147],{"class":75},[61,128898,504],{"class":503},[61,128900,128901],{"class":507},"py",[61,128903,504],{"class":503},[61,128905,5641],{"class":75},[61,128907,21047],{"class":173},[61,128909,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128927,128929,128931],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,128911,160],{"class":159},[61,128913,147],{"class":75},[61,128915,34983],{"class":143},[61,128917,140],{"class":75},[61,128919,128480],{"class":143},[61,128921,147],{"class":75},[61,128923,504],{"class":503},[61,128925,128926],{"class":507},"th",[61,128928,504],{"class":503},[61,128930,5641],{"class":75},[61,128932,57928],{"class":173},[61,128934,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,128936,160],{"class":159},[61,128938,147],{"class":75},[61,128940,34983],{"class":143},[61,128942,140],{"class":75},[61,128944,128480],{"class":143},[61,128946,147],{"class":75},[61,128948,504],{"class":503},[61,128950,22354],{"class":507},[61,128952,504],{"class":503},[61,128954,5641],{"class":75},[61,128956,128543],{"class":173},[20,128958,90185,128959,8739,128961,3159,128963,140],{},[15,128960,124450],{},[15,128962,3885],{},[15,128964,3954],{},[20,128966,128967],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[47,128969,716,128970,700,128972],{"id":65685},[15,128971,36349],{},[15,128973,52943],{},[20,128975,1503,128976,128978],{},[15,128977,36349],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128980,1503,128981,128983],{},[15,128982,52943],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128985,2266,128986,75738,128988,128990],{},[15,128987,52943],{},[39,128989,65349],{}," in the search.",[52,128992,128994],{"className":54,"code":128993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128995,128996,129009,129013,129037,129066,129098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128997,128998,129000,129002,129004,129007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128999,34962],{"class":67},[61,129001,72],{"class":71},[61,129003,515],{"class":503},[61,129005,129006],{"class":507},"one two three two",[61,129008,3639],{"class":503},[61,129010,129011],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129012,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129014,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129016,160],{"class":159},[61,129018,147],{"class":75},[61,129020,34983],{"class":143},[61,129022,140],{"class":75},[61,129024,128480],{"class":143},[61,129026,147],{"class":75},[61,129028,504],{"class":503},[61,129030,79547],{"class":507},[61,129032,504],{"class":503},[61,129034,5641],{"class":75},[61,129036,128774],{"class":173},[61,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129040,160],{"class":159},[61,129042,147],{"class":75},[61,129044,34983],{"class":143},[61,129046,140],{"class":75},[61,129048,128480],{"class":143},[61,129050,147],{"class":75},[61,129052,504],{"class":503},[61,129054,79547],{"class":507},[61,129056,504],{"class":503},[61,129058,83],{"class":75},[61,129060,117],{"class":79},[61,129062,5641],{"class":75},[61,129064,129065],{"class":173},"     # 14\n",[61,129067,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,129069,160],{"class":159},[61,129071,147],{"class":75},[61,129073,34983],{"class":143},[61,129075,140],{"class":75},[61,129077,128480],{"class":143},[61,129079,147],{"class":75},[61,129081,504],{"class":503},[61,129083,79547],{"class":507},[61,129085,504],{"class":503},[61,129087,83],{"class":75},[61,129089,4114],{"class":79},[61,129091,83],{"class":75},[61,129093,6274],{"class":79},[61,129095,5641],{"class":75},[61,129097,51217],{"class":173},[61,129099,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,129101,160],{"class":159},[61,129103,147],{"class":75},[61,129105,34983],{"class":143},[61,129107,140],{"class":75},[61,129109,128480],{"class":143},[61,129111,147],{"class":75},[61,129113,504],{"class":503},[61,129115,79547],{"class":507},[61,129117,504],{"class":503},[61,129119,83],{"class":75},[61,129121,4114],{"class":79},[61,129123,83],{"class":75},[61,129125,112],{"class":79},[61,129127,5641],{"class":75},[61,129129,128836],{"class":173},[20,129131,129132],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129134,129135,129136,55352,129140,140],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[214,129137,129139],{"href":129138},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[214,129141,129143,129145],{"href":129142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129144,60814],{}," string method",[47,129147,124102],{"id":124101},[20,129149,129150,123913],{},[15,129151,124450],{},[20,129153,127500,129154,700,129156,129158],{},[15,129155,90693],{},[15,129157,64814],{}," are treated as different text.",[52,129160,129162],{"className":54,"code":129161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129163,129164,129177,129181,129205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129165,129166,129168,129170,129172,129175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129167,34962],{"class":67},[61,129169,72],{"class":71},[61,129171,515],{"class":503},[61,129173,129174],{"class":507},"Hello World",[61,129176,3639],{"class":503},[61,129178,129179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129180,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129182,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129184,160],{"class":159},[61,129186,147],{"class":75},[61,129188,34983],{"class":143},[61,129190,140],{"class":75},[61,129192,128480],{"class":143},[61,129194,147],{"class":75},[61,129196,504],{"class":503},[61,129198,35142],{"class":507},[61,129200,504],{"class":503},[61,129202,5641],{"class":75},[61,129204,51529],{"class":173},[61,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129208,160],{"class":159},[61,129210,147],{"class":75},[61,129212,34983],{"class":143},[61,129214,140],{"class":75},[61,129216,128480],{"class":143},[61,129218,147],{"class":75},[61,129220,504],{"class":503},[61,129222,4126],{"class":507},[61,129224,504],{"class":503},[61,129226,5641],{"class":75},[61,129228,128836],{"class":173},[20,129230,129231],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[52,129233,129235],{"className":54,"code":129234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129236,129237,129249,129253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129238,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129240,34962],{"class":67},[61,129242,72],{"class":71},[61,129244,515],{"class":503},[61,129246,129174],{"class":507},[61,129248,3639],{"class":503},[61,129250,129251],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129252,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129254,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129256,160],{"class":159},[61,129258,147],{"class":75},[61,129260,34983],{"class":143},[61,129262,140],{"class":75},[61,129264,8923],{"class":143},[61,129266,8920],{"class":75},[61,129268,128480],{"class":143},[61,129270,147],{"class":75},[61,129272,504],{"class":503},[61,129274,4126],{"class":507},[61,129276,504],{"class":503},[61,129278,5641],{"class":75},[61,129280,51529],{"class":173},[47,129282,129284,1310,129286],{"id":129283},"find-vs-index",[15,129285,124450],{},[15,129287,59250],{},[20,129289,129290,700,129292,129294],{},[15,129291,124450],{},[15,129293,59250],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[29,129296,129297,129303],{},[32,129298,129299,2680,129301],{},[15,129300,124450],{},[15,129302,66132],{},[32,129304,129305,52777,129307],{},[15,129306,59250],{},[15,129308,40982],{},[20,129310,1503,129311,129313],{},[15,129312,124450],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129315,1503,129316,129318],{},[15,129317,59250],{}," when the value must exist.",[52,129320,129322],{"className":54,"code":129321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129323,129324,129336,129340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129325,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129327,34962],{"class":67},[61,129329,72],{"class":71},[61,129331,515],{"class":503},[61,129333,4126],{"class":507},[61,129335,3639],{"class":503},[61,129337,129338],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129339,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129341,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129343,160],{"class":159},[61,129345,147],{"class":75},[61,129347,34983],{"class":143},[61,129349,140],{"class":75},[61,129351,128480],{"class":143},[61,129353,147],{"class":75},[61,129355,504],{"class":503},[61,129357,2458],{"class":507},[61,129359,504],{"class":503},[61,129361,5641],{"class":75},[61,129363,129364],{"class":173},"   # -1\n",[52,129366,129368],{"className":54,"code":129367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129369,129370,129382,129386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129371,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129373,34962],{"class":67},[61,129375,72],{"class":71},[61,129377,515],{"class":503},[61,129379,4126],{"class":507},[61,129381,3639],{"class":503},[61,129383,129384],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129385,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129387,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129389,160],{"class":159},[61,129391,147],{"class":75},[61,129393,34983],{"class":143},[61,129395,140],{"class":75},[61,129397,36122],{"class":143},[61,129399,147],{"class":75},[61,129401,504],{"class":503},[61,129403,2458],{"class":507},[61,129405,504],{"class":503},[61,129407,5641],{"class":75},[61,129409,129410],{"class":173},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129412,129413,129414,129418,129419,129421,129422,140],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[214,129415,129416,129145],{"href":124475},[15,129417,59250],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129420,59250],{},", read ",[214,129423,25955,129424],{"href":73758},[15,129425,129426],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[47,129428,41324],{"id":41323},[20,129430,35681,129431,129433],{},[15,129432,124450],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[29,129435,129436,129439,129442,129445],{},[32,129437,129438],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[32,129440,129441],{},"Get the position of a word",[32,129443,129444],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[32,129446,129447],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129449,129450],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[52,129452,129454],{"className":54,"code":129453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129455,129456,129469,129492,129496,129511,129527,129546,129560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129457,129458,129460,129462,129464,129467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129459,34962],{"class":67},[61,129461,72],{"class":71},[61,129463,515],{"class":503},[61,129465,129466],{"class":507},"name:Alice",[61,129468,3639],{"class":503},[61,129470,129471,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129472,129473],{"class":67},"colon_pos ",[61,129475,72],{"class":71},[61,129477,43120],{"class":67},[61,129479,140],{"class":75},[61,129481,128480],{"class":143},[61,129483,147],{"class":75},[61,129485,504],{"class":503},[61,129487,192],{"class":507},[61,129489,504],{"class":503},[61,129491,153],{"class":75},[61,129493,129494],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129495,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129497,129498,129500,129503,129505,129507,129509],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129499,7277],{"class":4158},[61,129501,129502],{"class":67}," colon_pos ",[61,129504,72868],{"class":71},[61,129506,2506],{"class":71},[61,129508,80],{"class":79},[61,129510,6673],{"class":75},[61,129512,129513,129516,129518,129520,129522,129525],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,129514,129515],{"class":67},"    label ",[61,129517,72],{"class":71},[61,129519,43120],{"class":67},[61,129521,75811],{"class":75},[61,129523,129524],{"class":67},"colon_pos",[61,129526,943],{"class":75},[61,129528,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,129530,27677],{"class":67},[61,129532,72],{"class":71},[61,129534,43120],{"class":67},[61,129536,4182],{"class":75},[61,129538,129473],{"class":67},[61,129540,2345],{"class":71},[61,129542,1720],{"class":79},[61,129544,129545],{"class":75},":]\n",[61,129547,129548,129550,129552,129555,129557],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,129549,8352],{"class":159},[61,129551,147],{"class":75},[61,129553,129554],{"class":143},"label",[61,129556,442],{"class":75},[61,129558,129559],{"class":173},"  # name\n",[61,129561,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,129563,8352],{"class":159},[61,129565,147],{"class":75},[61,129567,2755],{"class":143},[61,129569,442],{"class":75},[61,129571,129572],{"class":173},"  # Alice\n",[20,129574,129575,129576,140],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[214,129577,127491],{"href":123710},[47,129579,3111],{"id":3110},[20,129581,129582,129583,192],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129584,124450],{},[29,129586,129587,129596,129602,129607,129613],{},[32,129588,1524,129589,8739,129591,3159,129593,129595],{},[15,129590,124450],{},[15,129592,3885],{},[15,129594,3954],{}," instead of an index",[32,129597,129598,129599,129601],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129600,66132],{}," when the substring is missing",[32,129603,716,129604,129606],{},[15,129605,124450],{}," without handling case differences",[32,129608,37480,129609,2020,129611],{},[15,129610,124450],{},[15,129612,59250],{},[32,129614,4858,129615,129617],{},[15,129616,124450],{}," changes the string",[20,129619,129620],{},"Example of a mistake:",[52,129622,129624],{"className":54,"code":129623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129625,129626,129638,129642,129662,129677,129683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129627,129628,129630,129632,129634,129636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129629,34962],{"class":67},[61,129631,72],{"class":71},[61,129633,515],{"class":503},[61,129635,4126],{"class":507},[61,129637,3639],{"class":503},[61,129639,129640],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129641,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129643,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654,129656,129658,129660],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129645,7277],{"class":4158},[61,129647,43120],{"class":67},[61,129649,140],{"class":75},[61,129651,128480],{"class":143},[61,129653,147],{"class":75},[61,129655,504],{"class":503},[61,129657,60721],{"class":507},[61,129659,504],{"class":503},[61,129661,8626],{"class":75},[61,129663,129664,129666,129668,129670,129673,129675],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129665,8352],{"class":159},[61,129667,147],{"class":75},[61,129669,504],{"class":503},[61,129671,129672],{"class":507},"Found",[61,129674,504],{"class":503},[61,129676,153],{"class":75},[61,129678,129679,129681],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,129680,27710],{"class":4158},[61,129682,6673],{"class":75},[61,129684,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,129686,8352],{"class":159},[61,129688,147],{"class":75},[61,129690,504],{"class":503},[61,129692,26591],{"class":507},[61,129694,504],{"class":503},[61,129696,153],{"class":75},[20,129698,100184],{},[52,129700,129702],{"className":54,"code":129701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Not found\n",[15,129703,129704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129705,129706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129707,129701],{"class":67},[20,129709,45983,129710,129713,129714,1833,129716,129718,129719,129721],{},[15,129711,129712],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129715,2405],{},[15,129717,2405],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129720,7277],{}," statement.",[20,129723,129724],{},"A safer version is:",[52,129726,129728],{"className":54,"code":129727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129729,129730,129742,129746,129775,129789,129795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129731,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129733,34962],{"class":67},[61,129735,72],{"class":71},[61,129737,515],{"class":503},[61,129739,4126],{"class":507},[61,129741,3639],{"class":503},[61,129743,129744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129745,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,129747,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766,129769,129771,129773],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129749,7277],{"class":4158},[61,129751,43120],{"class":67},[61,129753,140],{"class":75},[61,129755,128480],{"class":143},[61,129757,147],{"class":75},[61,129759,504],{"class":503},[61,129761,60721],{"class":507},[61,129763,504],{"class":503},[61,129765,442],{"class":75},[61,129767,129768],{"class":71}," !=",[61,129770,2506],{"class":71},[61,129772,80],{"class":79},[61,129774,6673],{"class":75},[61,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129778,8352],{"class":159},[61,129780,147],{"class":75},[61,129782,504],{"class":503},[61,129784,129672],{"class":507},[61,129786,504],{"class":503},[61,129788,153],{"class":75},[61,129790,129791,129793],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,129792,27710],{"class":4158},[61,129794,6673],{"class":75},[61,129796,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,129798,8352],{"class":159},[61,129800,147],{"class":75},[61,129802,504],{"class":503},[61,129804,26591],{"class":507},[61,129806,504],{"class":503},[61,129808,153],{"class":75},[20,129810,129811],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[52,129813,129815],{"className":54,"code":129814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129816,129817,129839,129853,129879,129893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129818,129819,129821,129823,129825,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129820,160],{"class":159},[61,129822,147],{"class":75},[61,129824,34983],{"class":143},[61,129826,140],{"class":75},[61,129828,128480],{"class":143},[61,129830,147],{"class":75},[61,129832,630],{"class":503},[61,129834,38668],{"class":507},[61,129836,630],{"class":503},[61,129838,1761],{"class":75},[61,129840,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129842,160],{"class":159},[61,129844,147],{"class":75},[61,129846,42058],{"class":159},[61,129848,147],{"class":75},[61,129850,34983],{"class":143},[61,129852,1761],{"class":75},[61,129854,129855,129857,129859,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,129856,160],{"class":159},[61,129858,147],{"class":75},[61,129860,34983],{"class":143},[61,129862,140],{"class":75},[61,129864,8923],{"class":143},[61,129866,8920],{"class":75},[61,129868,128480],{"class":143},[61,129870,147],{"class":75},[61,129872,630],{"class":503},[61,129874,38668],{"class":507},[61,129876,630],{"class":503},[61,129878,1761],{"class":75},[61,129880,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129891],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,129882,160],{"class":159},[61,129884,147],{"class":75},[61,129886,11442],{"class":159},[61,129888,147],{"class":75},[61,129890,34983],{"class":143},[61,129892,1761],{"class":75},[61,129894,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,129896,160],{"class":159},[61,129898,147],{"class":75},[61,129900,34983],{"class":143},[61,129902,140],{"class":75},[61,129904,128480],{"class":143},[61,129906,147],{"class":75},[61,129908,630],{"class":503},[61,129910,38668],{"class":507},[61,129912,630],{"class":503},[61,129914,83],{"class":75},[61,129916,36328],{"class":143},[61,129918,83],{"class":75},[61,129920,65320],{"class":143},[61,129922,1761],{"class":75},[20,129924,129925],{},"These help you check:",[29,129927,129928,129933,129938,129943,129946],{},[32,129929,129930,129931],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129932,124450],{},[32,129934,129935,129936],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129937,122669],{},[32,129939,129940,129941],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129942,124185],{},[32,129944,129945],{},"The string length",[32,129947,129948,129949,700,129951,129953],{},"Whether your ",[15,129950,36349],{},[15,129952,52943],{}," values are correct",[47,129955,2109],{"id":2108},[887,129957,129959,129960,129962],{"id":129958},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129961,124450],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129964,5428,129965,140],{},[15,129966,66132],{},[887,129968,2113,129970,129972],{"id":129969},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129971,124450],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129974,129975],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[887,129977,129979,129980,124791],{"id":129978},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129981,124450],{},[20,129983,129984],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[887,129986,2153,129988,700,129990,69932],{"id":129987},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129989,124450],{},[15,129991,59250],{},[20,129993,129994,2680,129996,129998,129999,52777,130001,140],{},[15,129995,124450],{},[15,129997,66132],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130000,59250],{},[15,130002,40982],{},[887,130004,2133,130006,130008],{"id":130005},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130007,124450],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130010,130011,130012,700,130014,66431],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130013,36349],{},[15,130015,52943],{},[47,130017,2172],{"id":2171},[29,130019,130020,130026,130032,130039,130045,130052,130056,130061],{},[32,130021,130022],{},[214,130023,126455,130024,1516],{"href":124475},[15,130025,59250],{},[32,130027,130028],{},[214,130029,126455,130030,1516],{"href":129142},[15,130031,60814],{},[32,130033,130034],{},[214,130035,126455,130037,1516],{"href":130036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130038,124626],{},[32,130040,130041],{},[214,130042,126455,130043,1516],{"href":127820},[15,130044,127823],{},[32,130046,130047],{},[214,130048,126455,130050,1516],{"href":130049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130051,126513],{},[32,130053,130054],{},[214,130055,124854],{"href":123710},[32,130057,130058],{},[214,130059,130060],{"href":129138},"How to split a string in Python",[32,130062,130063],{},[214,130064,26398,130065],{"href":73758},[15,130066,129426],{},[2204,130068,130069],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":130071},[130072,130074,130077,130078,130079,130080,130082,130083,130084,130096],{"id":128556,"depth":97,"text":130073},"What find() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":130075},[130076],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":38296,"depth":97,"text":38297},{"id":65685,"depth":97,"text":66467},{"id":124101,"depth":97,"text":124102},{"id":129283,"depth":97,"text":130081},"find() vs index()",{"id":41323,"depth":97,"text":41324},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":130085},[130086,130088,130090,130092,130094],{"id":129958,"depth":122,"text":130087},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129969,"depth":122,"text":130089},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129978,"depth":122,"text":130091},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129987,"depth":122,"text":130093},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130005,"depth":122,"text":130095},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128428,"description":130097},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130104,"title":130105,"body":130106,"description":132032,"extension":2249,"meta":132033,"navigation":125,"path":132034,"seo":132035,"stem":132036,"__hash__":132037},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130107,"toc":132000},[130108,130113,130118,130121,130123,130199,130203,130231,130239,130243,130248,130252,130269,130271,130338,130342,130364,130372,130374,130377,130401,130404,130418,130420,130505,130509,130521,130524,130528,130534,130584,130588,130605,130614,130617,130625,130628,130677,130681,130706,130709,130764,130768,130780,130786,130790,130796,130801,130868,130872,130898,130901,130912,130914,130981,130985,131010,131017,131021,131026,131033,131041,131043,131095,131099,131117,131119,131164,131168,131183,131186,131196,131203,131205,131209,131212,131223,131225,131285,131289,131317,131320,131326,131331,131334,131338,131382,131385,131423,131426,131434,131436,131441,131445,131448,131496,131499,131502,131558,131562,131567,131570,131619,131621,131670,131676,131681,131683,131730,131734,131747,131749,131800,131806,131809,131813,131816,131822,131827,131829,131832,131904,131907,131924,131926,131931,131934,131938,131944,131950,131957,131963,131969,131971,131997],[10,130109,123455,130111,18],{"id":130110},"python-string-format-method",[15,130112,126458],{},[20,130114,123460,130115,130117],{},[15,130116,126458],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130119,130120],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[47,130122,50],{"id":49},[52,130124,130126],{"className":54,"code":130125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130127,130128,130140,130148,130152,130189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130129,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130131,8159],{"class":67},[61,130133,72],{"class":71},[61,130135,515],{"class":503},[61,130137,11788],{"class":507},[61,130139,3639],{"class":503},[61,130141,130142,130144,130146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130143,21907],{"class":67},[61,130145,72],{"class":71},[61,130147,89074],{"class":79},[61,130149,130150],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,130151,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,130153,130154,130156,130158,130160,130163,130165,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176,130179,130181,130183,130185,130187],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,130155,90282],{"class":67},[61,130157,72],{"class":71},[61,130159,515],{"class":503},[61,130161,130162],{"class":507},"My name is ",[61,130164,4072],{"class":79},[61,130166,130167],{"class":507}," and I am ",[61,130169,4072],{"class":79},[61,130171,122451],{"class":507},[61,130173,504],{"class":503},[61,130175,140],{"class":75},[61,130177,130178],{"class":143},"format",[61,130180,147],{"class":75},[61,130182,7949],{"class":143},[61,130184,83],{"class":75},[61,130186,9472],{"class":143},[61,130188,153],{"class":75},[61,130190,130191,130193,130195,130197],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,130192,160],{"class":159},[61,130194,147],{"class":75},[61,130196,90299],{"class":143},[61,130198,153],{"class":75},[20,130200,130201],{},[39,130202,1598],{},[52,130204,130206],{"className":54,"code":130205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130207,130208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130209,130210,130213,130215,130218,130221,130224,130227,130229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130211,130212],{"class":67},"My name ",[61,130214,12474],{"class":71},[61,130216,130217],{"class":67}," Maya ",[61,130219,130220],{"class":71},"and",[61,130222,130223],{"class":67}," I am ",[61,130225,130226],{"class":79},"12",[61,130228,122484],{"class":67},[61,130230,122487],{"class":75},[20,130232,1503,130233,130235,130236,130238],{},[15,130234,4072],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130237,126458],{}," in the same order.",[20,130240,125207,130241,140],{},[214,130242,125210],{"href":51257},[47,130244,13277,130246,13280],{"id":130245},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130247,126458],{},[20,130249,2266,130250,11693],{},[15,130251,126458],{},[29,130253,130254,130257,130263,130266],{},[32,130255,130256],{},"inserts values into a string",[32,130258,130259,130260,130262],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130261,4072],{}," with given values",[32,130264,130265],{},"returns a new string",[32,130267,130268],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130270,368],{},[52,130272,130274],{"className":54,"code":130273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130275,130276,130290,130313,130317,130328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130277,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130279,34962],{"class":67},[61,130281,72],{"class":71},[61,130283,515],{"class":503},[61,130285,45181],{"class":507},[61,130287,4072],{"class":79},[61,130289,3639],{"class":503},[61,130291,130292,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130305,130307,130309,130311],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130293,130294],{"class":67},"new_text ",[61,130296,72],{"class":71},[61,130298,43120],{"class":67},[61,130300,140],{"class":75},[61,130302,130178],{"class":143},[61,130304,147],{"class":75},[61,130306,504],{"class":503},[61,130308,7958],{"class":507},[61,130310,504],{"class":503},[61,130312,153],{"class":75},[61,130314,130315],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,130316,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,130318,130319,130321,130323,130326],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,130320,160],{"class":159},[61,130322,147],{"class":75},[61,130324,130325],{"class":143},"new_text",[61,130327,153],{"class":75},[61,130329,130330,130332,130334,130336],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,130331,160],{"class":159},[61,130333,147],{"class":75},[61,130335,34983],{"class":143},[61,130337,153],{"class":75},[20,130339,130340],{},[39,130341,1598],{},[52,130343,130345],{"className":54,"code":130344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130346,130347,130356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130348,130349,130351,130353],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130350,35142],{"class":67},[61,130352,83],{"class":75},[61,130354,130355],{"class":67}," Sam\n",[61,130357,130358,130360,130362],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130359,35142],{"class":67},[61,130361,83],{"class":75},[61,130363,10119],{"class":75},[20,130365,462,130366,130368,130369,130371],{},[15,130367,34983],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130370,126458],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[47,130373,221],{"id":220},[20,130375,130376],{},"The general form is:",[52,130378,130380],{"className":54,"code":130379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130381,130382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130383,130384,130386,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130385,504],{"class":43607},[61,130387,130388],{"class":43611},"text {}",[61,130390,504],{"class":43607},[61,130392,140],{"class":75},[61,130394,130178],{"class":143},[61,130396,147],{"class":75},[61,130398,2755],{"class":143},[61,130400,153],{"class":75},[20,130402,130403],{},"Key idea:",[29,130405,130406,130412,130415],{},[32,130407,130408,130409,130411],{},"each ",[15,130410,4072],{}," is a placeholder",[32,130413,130414],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[32,130416,130417],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130419,368],{},[52,130421,130423],{"className":54,"code":130422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130424,130425,130438,130452,130456,130494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130426,130427,130430,130432,130434,130436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130428,130429],{"class":67},"animal ",[61,130431,72],{"class":71},[61,130433,515],{"class":503},[61,130435,1218],{"class":507},[61,130437,3639],{"class":503},[61,130439,130440,130443,130445,130447,130450],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130441,130442],{"class":67},"sound ",[61,130444,72],{"class":71},[61,130446,515],{"class":503},[61,130448,130449],{"class":507},"meow",[61,130451,3639],{"class":503},[61,130453,130454],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,130455,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,130457,130458,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130487,130489,130492],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,130459,130460],{"class":67},"sentence ",[61,130462,72],{"class":71},[61,130464,515],{"class":503},[61,130466,2266],{"class":507},[61,130468,4072],{"class":79},[61,130470,130471],{"class":507}," says ",[61,130473,4072],{"class":79},[61,130475,140],{"class":507},[61,130477,504],{"class":503},[61,130479,140],{"class":75},[61,130481,130178],{"class":143},[61,130483,147],{"class":75},[61,130485,130486],{"class":143},"animal",[61,130488,83],{"class":75},[61,130490,130491],{"class":143}," sound",[61,130493,153],{"class":75},[61,130495,130496,130498,130500,130503],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,130497,160],{"class":159},[61,130499,147],{"class":75},[61,130501,130502],{"class":143},"sentence",[61,130504,153],{"class":75},[20,130506,130507],{},[39,130508,1598],{},[52,130510,130512],{"className":54,"code":130511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130513,130514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130515,130516,130519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130517,130518],{"class":67},"The cat says meow",[61,130520,122487],{"class":75},[20,130522,130523],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[47,130525,130527],{"id":130526},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130529,130530,130531,130533],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130532,4072],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[52,130535,130537],{"className":54,"code":130536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130538,130539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130540,130541,130543,130545,130547,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130571,130573,130575,130577,130580,130582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130542,160],{"class":159},[61,130544,147],{"class":75},[61,130546,504],{"class":503},[61,130548,130549],{"class":507},"I like ",[61,130551,4072],{"class":79},[61,130553,700],{"class":507},[61,130555,4072],{"class":79},[61,130557,140],{"class":507},[61,130559,504],{"class":503},[61,130561,140],{"class":75},[61,130563,130178],{"class":143},[61,130565,147],{"class":75},[61,130567,504],{"class":503},[61,130569,130570],{"class":507},"pizza",[61,130572,504],{"class":503},[61,130574,83],{"class":75},[61,130576,515],{"class":503},[61,130578,130579],{"class":507},"pasta",[61,130581,504],{"class":503},[61,130583,1761],{"class":75},[20,130585,130586],{},[39,130587,1598],{},[52,130589,130591],{"className":54,"code":130590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130592,130593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130594,130595,130598,130600,130603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130596,130597],{"class":67},"I like pizza ",[61,130599,130220],{"class":71},[61,130601,130602],{"class":67}," pasta",[61,130604,122487],{"class":75},[20,130606,130607,130608,700,130611,140],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130609,130610],{},"{0}",[15,130612,130613],{},"{1}",[20,130615,130616],{},"This is helpful when:",[29,130618,130619,130622],{},[32,130620,130621],{},"you want to reuse a value",[32,130623,130624],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130626,130627],{},"Example with reused values:",[52,130629,130631],{"className":54,"code":130630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130632,130633,130667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130634,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130646,130648,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130636,34962],{"class":67},[61,130638,72],{"class":71},[61,130640,515],{"class":503},[61,130642,130610],{"class":79},[61,130644,130645],{"class":507}," is learning Python. ",[61,130647,130610],{"class":79},[61,130649,130650],{"class":507}," likes coding.",[61,130652,504],{"class":503},[61,130654,140],{"class":75},[61,130656,130178],{"class":143},[61,130658,147],{"class":75},[61,130660,504],{"class":503},[61,130662,20161],{"class":507},[61,130664,504],{"class":503},[61,130666,153],{"class":75},[61,130668,130669,130671,130673,130675],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130670,160],{"class":159},[61,130672,147],{"class":75},[61,130674,34983],{"class":143},[61,130676,153],{"class":75},[20,130678,130679],{},[39,130680,1598],{},[52,130682,130684],{"className":54,"code":130683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130685,130686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130687,130688,130691,130693,130696,130698,130701,130704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130689,130690],{"class":67},"Lina ",[61,130692,12474],{"class":71},[61,130694,130695],{"class":67}," learning Python",[61,130697,140],{"class":75},[61,130699,130700],{"class":2103}," Lina",[61,130702,130703],{"class":67}," likes coding",[61,130705,122487],{"class":75},[20,130707,130708],{},"Example with changed order:",[52,130710,130712],{"className":54,"code":130711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130713,130714,130754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130715,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130717,34962],{"class":67},[61,130719,72],{"class":71},[61,130721,515],{"class":503},[61,130723,130613],{"class":79},[61,130725,83601],{"class":507},[61,130727,130610],{"class":79},[61,130729,140],{"class":507},[61,130731,504],{"class":503},[61,130733,140],{"class":75},[61,130735,130178],{"class":143},[61,130737,147],{"class":75},[61,130739,504],{"class":503},[61,130741,6864],{"class":507},[61,130743,504],{"class":503},[61,130745,83],{"class":75},[61,130747,515],{"class":503},[61,130749,79547],{"class":507},[61,130751,504],{"class":503},[61,130753,153],{"class":75},[61,130755,130756,130758,130760,130762],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130757,160],{"class":159},[61,130759,147],{"class":75},[61,130761,34983],{"class":143},[61,130763,153],{"class":75},[20,130765,130766],{},[39,130767,1598],{},[52,130769,130771],{"className":54,"code":130770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130772,130773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130774,130775,130778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130776,130777],{"class":67},"two comes after one",[61,130779,122487],{"class":75},[20,130781,130782,130783,130785],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130784,4072],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[47,130787,130789],{"id":130788},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130791,130792,130793,140],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130794,130795],{},"{name}",[20,130797,130798,130799,192],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130800,126458],{},[52,130802,130804],{"className":54,"code":130803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130805,130806,130858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130807,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130821,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130809,34962],{"class":67},[61,130811,72],{"class":71},[61,130813,515],{"class":503},[61,130815,130162],{"class":507},[61,130817,130795],{"class":79},[61,130819,130820],{"class":507}," and I live in ",[61,130822,130823],{"class":79},"{city}",[61,130825,140],{"class":507},[61,130827,504],{"class":503},[61,130829,140],{"class":75},[61,130831,130178],{"class":143},[61,130833,147],{"class":75},[61,130835,7949],{"class":9459},[61,130837,72],{"class":71},[61,130839,504],{"class":503},[61,130841,13161],{"class":507},[61,130843,504],{"class":503},[61,130845,83],{"class":75},[61,130847,31660],{"class":9459},[61,130849,72],{"class":71},[61,130851,504],{"class":503},[61,130853,16310],{"class":507},[61,130855,504],{"class":503},[61,130857,153],{"class":75},[61,130859,130860,130862,130864,130866],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130861,160],{"class":159},[61,130863,147],{"class":75},[61,130865,34983],{"class":143},[61,130867,153],{"class":75},[20,130869,130870],{},[39,130871,1598],{},[52,130873,130875],{"className":54,"code":130874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130876,130877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130878,130879,130881,130883,130886,130888,130891,130893,130896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130880,130212],{"class":67},[61,130882,12474],{"class":71},[61,130884,130885],{"class":67}," Ana ",[61,130887,130220],{"class":71},[61,130889,130890],{"class":67}," I live ",[61,130892,4165],{"class":71},[61,130894,130895],{"class":67}," Lima",[61,130897,122487],{"class":75},[20,130899,130900],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[29,130902,130903,130906,130909],{},[32,130904,130905],{},"they make code easier to read",[32,130907,130908],{},"they help when a string has many values",[32,130910,130911],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130913,368],{},[52,130915,130917],{"className":54,"code":130916,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130918,130919,130971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130920,130921,130924,130926,130928,130931,130934,130937,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130957,130959,130961,130964,130966,130969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130922,130923],{"class":67},"report ",[61,130925,72],{"class":71},[61,130927,515],{"class":503},[61,130929,130930],{"class":507},"Student: ",[61,130932,130933],{"class":79},"{student}",[61,130935,130936],{"class":507},", Score: ",[61,130938,130939],{"class":79},"{score}",[61,130941,504],{"class":503},[61,130943,140],{"class":75},[61,130945,130178],{"class":143},[61,130947,147],{"class":75},[61,130949,13907],{"class":9459},[61,130951,72],{"class":71},[61,130953,504],{"class":503},[61,130955,130956],{"class":507},"Noah",[61,130958,504],{"class":503},[61,130960,83],{"class":75},[61,130962,130963],{"class":9459}," score",[61,130965,72],{"class":71},[61,130967,130968],{"class":79},"95",[61,130970,153],{"class":75},[61,130972,130973,130975,130977,130979],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130974,160],{"class":159},[61,130976,147],{"class":75},[61,130978,128168],{"class":143},[61,130980,153],{"class":75},[20,130982,130983],{},[39,130984,1598],{},[52,130986,130988],{"className":54,"code":130987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130989,130990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130991,130992,130995,130997,131000,131002,131005,131007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130993,130994],{"class":67},"Student",[61,130996,192],{"class":75},[61,130998,130999],{"class":67}," Noah",[61,131001,83],{"class":75},[61,131003,131004],{"class":67}," Score",[61,131006,192],{"class":75},[61,131008,131009],{"class":79}," 95\n",[20,131011,131012,131013,140],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[214,131014,13,131015,3790],{"href":42453},[15,131016,47964],{},[47,131018,131020],{"id":131019},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131022,131023,131025],{},[15,131024,126458],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131027,131028,131029,131032],{},"A common example is ",[15,131030,131031],{},":.2f",", which means:",[29,131034,131035,131038],{},[32,131036,131037],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[32,131039,131040],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131042,368],{},[52,131044,131046],{"className":54,"code":131045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131047,131048,131056,131085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131049,131050,131052,131054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131051,40665],{"class":67},[61,131053,72],{"class":71},[61,131055,49557],{"class":79},[61,131057,131058,131060,131062,131064,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131059,34962],{"class":67},[61,131061,72],{"class":71},[61,131063,515],{"class":503},[61,131065,131066],{"class":507},"Price: $",[61,131068,627],{"class":79},[61,131070,131031],{"class":2350},[61,131072,22579],{"class":79},[61,131074,504],{"class":503},[61,131076,140],{"class":75},[61,131078,130178],{"class":143},[61,131080,147],{"class":75},[61,131082,25425],{"class":143},[61,131084,153],{"class":75},[61,131086,131087,131089,131091,131093],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,131088,160],{"class":159},[61,131090,147],{"class":75},[61,131092,34983],{"class":143},[61,131094,153],{"class":75},[20,131096,131097],{},[39,131098,1598],{},[52,131100,131102],{"className":54,"code":131101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131103,131104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131105,131106,131109,131111,131114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131107,131108],{"class":67},"Price",[61,131110,192],{"class":75},[61,131112,131113],{"class":37643}," $",[61,131115,131116],{"class":79},"3.50\n",[20,131118,52362],{},[52,131120,131122],{"className":54,"code":131121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131123,131124,131134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131125,131126,131129,131131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131127,131128],{"class":67},"average ",[61,131130,72],{"class":71},[61,131132,131133],{"class":79}," 91.236\n",[61,131135,131136,131138,131140,131142,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131162],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131137,160],{"class":159},[61,131139,147],{"class":75},[61,131141,504],{"class":503},[61,131143,131144],{"class":507},"Average: ",[61,131146,627],{"class":79},[61,131148,131031],{"class":2350},[61,131150,22579],{"class":79},[61,131152,504],{"class":503},[61,131154,140],{"class":75},[61,131156,130178],{"class":143},[61,131158,147],{"class":75},[61,131160,131161],{"class":143},"average",[61,131163,1761],{"class":75},[20,131165,131166],{},[39,131167,1598],{},[52,131169,131171],{"className":54,"code":131170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131172,131173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131174,131175,131178,131180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131176,131177],{"class":67},"Average",[61,131179,192],{"class":75},[61,131181,131182],{"class":79}," 91.24\n",[20,131184,131185],{},"This is useful for:",[29,131187,131188,131190,131193],{},[32,131189,83359],{},[32,131191,131192],{},"averages",[32,131194,131195],{},"percentages",[20,131197,131198,131199,140],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[214,131200,13,131201,2585],{"href":46729},[15,131202,46732],{},[47,131204,17698],{"id":17697},[20,131206,131207,92796],{},[15,131208,126458],{},[20,131210,131211],{},"That means you can:",[29,131213,131214,131217,131220],{},[32,131215,131216],{},"save it in a variable",[32,131218,131219],{},"print it directly",[32,131221,131222],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131224,368],{},[52,131226,131228],{"className":54,"code":131227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131229,131230,131261,131271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131257,131259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131233,90282],{"class":67},[61,131235,72],{"class":71},[61,131237,515],{"class":503},[61,131239,45181],{"class":507},[61,131241,4072],{"class":79},[61,131243,90123],{"class":507},[61,131245,504],{"class":503},[61,131247,140],{"class":75},[61,131249,130178],{"class":143},[61,131251,147],{"class":75},[61,131253,504],{"class":503},[61,131255,131256],{"class":507},"Chris",[61,131258,504],{"class":503},[61,131260,153],{"class":75},[61,131262,131263,131265,131267,131269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131264,160],{"class":159},[61,131266,147],{"class":75},[61,131268,90299],{"class":143},[61,131270,153],{"class":75},[61,131272,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,131274,160],{"class":159},[61,131276,147],{"class":75},[61,131278,2072],{"class":2071},[61,131280,147],{"class":75},[61,131282,90299],{"class":143},[61,131284,1761],{"class":75},[20,131286,131287],{},[39,131288,1598],{},[52,131290,131292],{"className":54,"code":131291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131293,131294,131303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131295,131296,131298,131300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131297,35142],{"class":67},[61,131299,83],{"class":75},[61,131301,131302],{"class":67}," Chris!\n",[61,131304,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131306,3571],{"class":71},[61,131308,3574],{"class":2350},[61,131310,639],{"class":503},[61,131312,3724],{"class":507},[61,131314,630],{"class":503},[61,131316,3583],{"class":71},[20,131318,131319],{},"The original string is not changed.",[47,131321,131323,131325],{"id":131322},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131324,126458],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131327,131328,131330],{},[15,131329,126458],{}," is a string method.",[20,131332,131333],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131335,46320,131336,192],{},[15,131337,126458],{},[52,131339,131341],{"className":54,"code":131340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131342,131343,131356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131344,131345,131347,131349,131351,131354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131346,8159],{"class":67},[61,131348,72],{"class":71},[61,131350,515],{"class":503},[61,131352,131353],{"class":507},"Rita",[61,131355,3639],{"class":503},[61,131357,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131359,160],{"class":159},[61,131361,147],{"class":75},[61,131363,504],{"class":503},[61,131365,45181],{"class":507},[61,131367,4072],{"class":79},[61,131369,90123],{"class":507},[61,131371,504],{"class":503},[61,131373,140],{"class":75},[61,131375,130178],{"class":143},[61,131377,147],{"class":75},[61,131379,7949],{"class":143},[61,131381,1761],{"class":75},[20,131383,131384],{},"Example with an f-string:",[52,131386,131388],{"className":54,"code":131387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131389,131390,131402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131391,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131393,8159],{"class":67},[61,131395,72],{"class":71},[61,131397,515],{"class":503},[61,131399,131353],{"class":507},[61,131401,3639],{"class":503},[61,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131421],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131405,160],{"class":159},[61,131407,147],{"class":75},[61,131409,22570],{"class":2350},[61,131411,43625],{"class":507},[61,131413,627],{"class":79},[61,131415,7949],{"class":143},[61,131417,22579],{"class":79},[61,131419,131420],{"class":507},"!\"",[61,131422,153],{"class":75},[20,131424,131425],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131427,131428,131429,131431,131432,140],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131430,126458],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[214,131433,89968],{"href":89967},[47,131435,3111],{"id":3110},[20,131437,131438,131439,140],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131440,126458],{},[887,131442,131444],{"id":131443},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131446,131447],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[52,131449,131451],{"className":54,"code":131450,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131452,131453,131486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131456,34962],{"class":67},[61,131458,72],{"class":71},[61,131460,515],{"class":503},[61,131462,45181],{"class":507},[61,131464,4072],{"class":79},[61,131466,131467],{"class":79}," {}",[61,131469,90123],{"class":507},[61,131471,504],{"class":503},[61,131473,140],{"class":75},[61,131475,130178],{"class":143},[61,131477,147],{"class":75},[61,131479,504],{"class":503},[61,131481,7958],{"class":507},[61,131483,504],{"class":503},[61,131485,153],{"class":75},[61,131487,131488,131490,131492,131494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131489,160],{"class":159},[61,131491,147],{"class":75},[61,131493,34983],{"class":143},[61,131495,153],{"class":75},[20,131497,131498],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131500,131501],{},"Fixed version:",[52,131503,131505],{"className":54,"code":131504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131506,131507,131548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131544,131546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131510,34962],{"class":67},[61,131512,72],{"class":71},[61,131514,515],{"class":503},[61,131516,45181],{"class":507},[61,131518,4072],{"class":79},[61,131520,131467],{"class":79},[61,131522,90123],{"class":507},[61,131524,504],{"class":503},[61,131526,140],{"class":75},[61,131528,130178],{"class":143},[61,131530,147],{"class":75},[61,131532,504],{"class":503},[61,131534,7958],{"class":507},[61,131536,504],{"class":503},[61,131538,83],{"class":75},[61,131540,515],{"class":503},[61,131542,131543],{"class":507},"Lee",[61,131545,504],{"class":503},[61,131547,153],{"class":75},[61,131549,131550,131552,131554,131556],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131551,160],{"class":159},[61,131553,147],{"class":75},[61,131555,34983],{"class":143},[61,131557,153],{"class":75},[887,131559,131561],{"id":131560},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131563,131564,131565,140],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131566,126458],{},[20,131568,131569],{},"Problem:",[52,131571,131573],{"className":54,"code":131572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131574,131575,131609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131576,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131578,34962],{"class":67},[61,131580,72],{"class":71},[61,131582,515],{"class":503},[61,131584,45181],{"class":507},[61,131586,130795],{"class":79},[61,131588,90123],{"class":507},[61,131590,504],{"class":503},[61,131592,140],{"class":75},[61,131594,130178],{"class":143},[61,131596,147],{"class":75},[61,131598,8268],{"class":9459},[61,131600,72],{"class":71},[61,131602,504],{"class":503},[61,131604,7958],{"class":507},[61,131606,504],{"class":503},[61,131608,153],{"class":75},[61,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131612,160],{"class":159},[61,131614,147],{"class":75},[61,131616,34983],{"class":143},[61,131618,153],{"class":75},[20,131620,131501],{},[52,131622,131624],{"className":54,"code":131623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131625,131626,131660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656,131658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131629,34962],{"class":67},[61,131631,72],{"class":71},[61,131633,515],{"class":503},[61,131635,45181],{"class":507},[61,131637,130795],{"class":79},[61,131639,90123],{"class":507},[61,131641,504],{"class":503},[61,131643,140],{"class":75},[61,131645,130178],{"class":143},[61,131647,147],{"class":75},[61,131649,7949],{"class":9459},[61,131651,72],{"class":71},[61,131653,504],{"class":503},[61,131655,7958],{"class":507},[61,131657,504],{"class":503},[61,131659,153],{"class":75},[61,131661,131662,131664,131666,131668],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131663,160],{"class":159},[61,131665,147],{"class":75},[61,131667,34983],{"class":143},[61,131669,153],{"class":75},[887,131671,1524,131673,131675],{"id":131672},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131674,126458],{}," to change the original string",[20,131677,131678,131680],{},[15,131679,126458],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131682,131569],{},[52,131684,131686],{"className":54,"code":131685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131687,131688,131702,131720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131689,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131691,34962],{"class":67},[61,131693,72],{"class":71},[61,131695,515],{"class":503},[61,131697,45181],{"class":507},[61,131699,4072],{"class":79},[61,131701,3639],{"class":503},[61,131703,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131705,34983],{"class":67},[61,131707,140],{"class":75},[61,131709,130178],{"class":143},[61,131711,147],{"class":75},[61,131713,504],{"class":503},[61,131715,7958],{"class":507},[61,131717,504],{"class":503},[61,131719,153],{"class":75},[61,131721,131722,131724,131726,131728],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,131723,160],{"class":159},[61,131725,147],{"class":75},[61,131727,34983],{"class":143},[61,131729,153],{"class":75},[20,131731,131732],{},[39,131733,1598],{},[52,131735,131737],{"className":54,"code":131736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131738,131739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131740,131741,131743,131745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131742,35142],{"class":67},[61,131744,83],{"class":75},[61,131746,10119],{"class":75},[20,131748,131501],{},[52,131750,131752],{"className":54,"code":131751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131753,131754,131768,131790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131755,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131757,34962],{"class":67},[61,131759,72],{"class":71},[61,131761,515],{"class":503},[61,131763,45181],{"class":507},[61,131765,4072],{"class":79},[61,131767,3639],{"class":503},[61,131769,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131771,34962],{"class":67},[61,131773,72],{"class":71},[61,131775,43120],{"class":67},[61,131777,140],{"class":75},[61,131779,130178],{"class":143},[61,131781,147],{"class":75},[61,131783,504],{"class":503},[61,131785,7958],{"class":507},[61,131787,504],{"class":503},[61,131789,153],{"class":75},[61,131791,131792,131794,131796,131798],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,131793,160],{"class":159},[61,131795,147],{"class":75},[61,131797,34983],{"class":143},[61,131799,153],{"class":75},[887,131801,4983,131803,131805],{"id":131802},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131804,126458],{}," returns a new string",[20,131807,131808],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[887,131810,131812],{"id":131811},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131814,131815],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131817,131818,131819,131821],{},"Use simple ",[15,131820,4072],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131823,131824,131825,140],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[214,131826,90681],{"href":90680},[47,131828,68172],{"id":68171},[20,131830,131831],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[52,131833,131835],{"className":54,"code":131834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131836,131837,131847,131861,131890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131838,131839,131841,131843,131845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131840,160],{"class":159},[61,131842,147],{"class":75},[61,131844,34983],{"class":143},[61,131846,153],{"class":75},[61,131848,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131850,160],{"class":159},[61,131852,147],{"class":75},[61,131854,2072],{"class":2071},[61,131856,147],{"class":75},[61,131858,2755],{"class":143},[61,131860,1761],{"class":75},[61,131862,131863,131865,131867,131869,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,131864,160],{"class":159},[61,131866,147],{"class":75},[61,131868,504],{"class":503},[61,131870,131871],{"class":507},"Hello ",[61,131873,4072],{"class":79},[61,131875,504],{"class":503},[61,131877,140],{"class":75},[61,131879,130178],{"class":143},[61,131881,147],{"class":75},[61,131883,504],{"class":503},[61,131885,7958],{"class":507},[61,131887,504],{"class":503},[61,131889,1761],{"class":75},[61,131891,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,131893,2093],{"class":159},[61,131895,147],{"class":75},[61,131897,3724],{"class":2071},[61,131899,140],{"class":75},[61,131901,130178],{"class":2103},[61,131903,153],{"class":75},[20,131905,131906],{},"Use them to check:",[29,131908,131909,131912,131915,131918],{},[32,131910,131911],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[32,131913,131914],{},"what type your value has",[32,131916,131917],{},"whether a small test example works",[32,131919,131920,131921],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131922,131923],{},"str.format",[47,131925,2109],{"id":2108},[887,131927,129959,131929,12996],{"id":131928},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131930,126458],{},[20,131932,131933],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[887,131935,131937],{"id":131936},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131939,131940,131941,131943],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131942,4072],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[887,131945,131947,131948,2159],{"id":131946},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131949,126458],{},[20,131951,131952,131953,131956],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131954,131955],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[887,131958,15184,131960,131962],{"id":131959},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131961,126458],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131964,131965,131966,131968],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131967,126458],{}," is still useful and common.",[47,131970,2172],{"id":2171},[29,131972,131973,131977,131981,131987,131993],{},[32,131974,131975],{},[214,131976,125210],{"href":51257},[32,131978,131979],{},[214,131980,90958],{"href":89967},[32,131982,131983],{},[214,131984,13,131985,3790],{"href":46729},[15,131986,46732],{},[32,131988,131989],{},[214,131990,13,131991,3790],{"href":42453},[15,131992,47964],{},[32,131994,131995],{},[214,131996,90681],{"href":90680},[2204,131998,131999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":132001},[132002,132003,132005,132006,132007,132008,132009,132010,132012,132021,132022,132031],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":130245,"depth":97,"text":132004},"What the format() method does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":130526,"depth":97,"text":130527},{"id":130788,"depth":97,"text":130789},{"id":131019,"depth":97,"text":131020},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":131322,"depth":97,"text":132011},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":132013},[132014,132015,132016,132018,132020],{"id":131443,"depth":122,"text":131444},{"id":131560,"depth":122,"text":131561},{"id":131672,"depth":122,"text":132017},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131802,"depth":122,"text":132019},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131811,"depth":122,"text":131812},{"id":68171,"depth":97,"text":68172},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":132023},[132024,132026,132027,132029],{"id":131928,"depth":122,"text":132025},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131936,"depth":122,"text":131937},{"id":131946,"depth":122,"text":132028},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131959,"depth":122,"text":132030},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130105,"description":132032},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132039,"title":132040,"body":132041,"description":133521,"extension":2249,"meta":133522,"navigation":125,"path":133523,"seo":133524,"stem":133525,"__hash__":133526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132042,"toc":133493},[132043,132048,132053,132058,132060,132122,132129,132135,132140,132142,132158,132160,132231,132233,132247,132250,132300,132302,132304,132331,132334,132349,132352,132393,132396,132441,132448,132497,132499,132507,132509,132527,132529,132622,132630,132671,132676,132683,132689,132696,132699,132703,132804,132806,132828,132832,132885,132888,132891,132897,132904,132906,132945,132947,132965,132975,132982,133065,133068,133075,133082,133089,133093,133101,133147,133151,133160,133225,133230,133235,133246,133248,133253,133280,133282,133385,133388,133408,133410,133415,133418,133422,133426,133433,133442,133448,133451,133457,133459,133461,133490],[10,132044,123455,132046,18],{"id":132045},"python-string-index-method",[15,132047,59250],{},[20,132049,123460,132050,132052],{},[15,132051,59250],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132054,132055,132056,140],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132057,40982],{},[47,132059,50],{"id":49},[52,132061,132063],{"className":54,"code":132062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132064,132065,132077,132099,132109,132113,132117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132066,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132068,34962],{"class":67},[61,132070,72],{"class":71},[61,132072,515],{"class":503},[61,132074,60689],{"class":507},[61,132076,3639],{"class":503},[61,132078,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132080,65199],{"class":67},[61,132082,72],{"class":71},[61,132084,43120],{"class":67},[61,132086,140],{"class":75},[61,132088,36122],{"class":143},[61,132090,147],{"class":75},[61,132092,504],{"class":503},[61,132094,60874],{"class":507},[61,132096,504],{"class":503},[61,132098,153],{"class":75},[61,132100,132101,132103,132105,132107],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132102,160],{"class":159},[61,132104,147],{"class":75},[61,132106,65226],{"class":143},[61,132108,153],{"class":75},[61,132110,132111],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,132112,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132114,132115],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,132116,91099],{"class":173},[61,132118,132119],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,132120,132121],{"class":173},"# 6\n",[20,132123,1503,132124,132126,132127,140],{},[15,132125,59250],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132128,40982],{},[47,132130,184,132132,187],{"id":132131},"what-strindex-does",[15,132133,132134],{},"str.index()",[20,132136,132137,132139],{},[15,132138,132134],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132141,254],{},[29,132143,132144,132147,132150,132153],{},[32,132145,132146],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[32,132148,132149],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[32,132151,132152],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[32,132154,30569,132155,132157],{},[15,132156,40982],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132159,368],{},[52,132161,132163],{"className":54,"code":132162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132164,132165,132177,132181,132206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132166,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132168,34962],{"class":67},[61,132170,72],{"class":71},[61,132172,515],{"class":503},[61,132174,518],{"class":507},[61,132176,3639],{"class":503},[61,132178,132179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132180,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132182,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132184,160],{"class":159},[61,132186,147],{"class":75},[61,132188,34983],{"class":143},[61,132190,140],{"class":75},[61,132192,36122],{"class":143},[61,132194,147],{"class":75},[61,132196,504],{"class":503},[61,132198,214],{"class":507},[61,132200,504],{"class":503},[61,132202,5641],{"class":75},[61,132204,132205],{"class":173},"     # 1\n",[61,132207,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,132209,160],{"class":159},[61,132211,147],{"class":75},[61,132213,34983],{"class":143},[61,132215,140],{"class":75},[61,132217,36122],{"class":143},[61,132219,147],{"class":75},[61,132221,504],{"class":503},[61,132223,123548],{"class":507},[61,132225,504],{"class":503},[61,132227,5641],{"class":75},[61,132229,132230],{"class":173},"    # 2\n",[20,132232,2463],{},[29,132234,132235,132241],{},[32,132236,132237,128668,132239],{},[15,132238,1299],{},[15,132240,80],{},[32,132242,132243,128668,132245],{},[15,132244,128667],{},[15,132246,301],{},[20,132248,132249],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[52,132251,132253],{"className":54,"code":132252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132254,132255,132267,132271,132295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132256,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132258,34962],{"class":67},[61,132260,72],{"class":71},[61,132262,515],{"class":503},[61,132264,35142],{"class":507},[61,132266,3639],{"class":503},[61,132268,132269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132270,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132272,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132274,160],{"class":159},[61,132276,147],{"class":75},[61,132278,34983],{"class":143},[61,132280,140],{"class":75},[61,132282,36122],{"class":143},[61,132284,147],{"class":75},[61,132286,504],{"class":503},[61,132288,51473],{"class":507},[61,132290,504],{"class":503},[61,132292,5641],{"class":75},[61,132294,21047],{"class":173},[61,132296,132297],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,132298,132299],{"class":173},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[47,132301,221],{"id":220},[20,132303,2444],{},[52,132305,132307],{"className":54,"code":132306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132308,132309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132310,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132312,61455],{"class":67},[61,132314,140],{"class":75},[61,132316,36122],{"class":143},[61,132318,147],{"class":75},[61,132320,2755],{"class":143},[61,132322,83],{"class":75},[61,132324,36328],{"class":143},[61,132326,83],{"class":75},[61,132328,65320],{"class":143},[61,132330,153],{"class":75},[20,132332,132333],{},"Parameters:",[29,132335,132336,132340,132344],{},[32,132337,132338,123647],{},[15,132339,2755],{},[32,132341,132342,128714],{},[15,132343,36349],{},[32,132345,132346,132348],{},[15,132347,52943],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132350,132351],{},"You can use just the value:",[52,132353,132355],{"className":54,"code":132354,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132356,132357,132369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132358,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132360,34962],{"class":67},[61,132362,72],{"class":71},[61,132364,515],{"class":503},[61,132366,56],{"class":507},[61,132368,3639],{"class":503},[61,132370,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132372,160],{"class":159},[61,132374,147],{"class":75},[61,132376,34983],{"class":143},[61,132378,140],{"class":75},[61,132380,36122],{"class":143},[61,132382,147],{"class":75},[61,132384,504],{"class":503},[61,132386,1276],{"class":507},[61,132388,504],{"class":503},[61,132390,5641],{"class":75},[61,132392,51697],{"class":173},[20,132394,132395],{},"Or include a start position:",[52,132397,132399],{"className":54,"code":132398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132400,132401,132413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132402,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132404,34962],{"class":67},[61,132406,72],{"class":71},[61,132408,515],{"class":503},[61,132410,518],{"class":507},[61,132412,3639],{"class":503},[61,132414,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132416,160],{"class":159},[61,132418,147],{"class":75},[61,132420,34983],{"class":143},[61,132422,140],{"class":75},[61,132424,36122],{"class":143},[61,132426,147],{"class":75},[61,132428,504],{"class":503},[61,132430,214],{"class":507},[61,132432,504],{"class":503},[61,132434,83],{"class":75},[61,132436,86],{"class":79},[61,132438,5641],{"class":75},[61,132440,51052],{"class":173},[20,132442,132443,132444,700,132446,192],{},"Or include both ",[15,132445,36349],{},[15,132447,52943],{},[52,132449,132451],{"className":54,"code":132450,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132452,132453,132465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132454,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132456,34962],{"class":67},[61,132458,72],{"class":71},[61,132460,515],{"class":503},[61,132462,518],{"class":507},[61,132464,3639],{"class":503},[61,132466,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132468,160],{"class":159},[61,132470,147],{"class":75},[61,132472,34983],{"class":143},[61,132474,140],{"class":75},[61,132476,36122],{"class":143},[61,132478,147],{"class":75},[61,132480,504],{"class":503},[61,132482,214],{"class":507},[61,132484,504],{"class":503},[61,132486,83],{"class":75},[61,132488,86],{"class":79},[61,132490,83],{"class":75},[61,132492,117],{"class":79},[61,132494,5641],{"class":75},[61,132496,51052],{"class":173},[47,132498,38297],{"id":38296},[20,132500,28984,132501,132503,132504,140],{},[15,132502,59250],{}," is a ",[39,132505,132506],{},"zero-based index",[20,132508,2392],{},[29,132510,132511,132517,132522],{},[32,132512,132513,132514,132516],{},"Index ",[15,132515,2405],{}," is the first character",[32,132518,132513,132519,132521],{},[15,132520,80],{}," is the second character",[32,132523,132513,132524,132526],{},[15,132525,301],{}," is the third character",[20,132528,368],{},[52,132530,132532],{"className":54,"code":132531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132533,132534,132546,132550,132574,132598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132535,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132537,34962],{"class":67},[61,132539,72],{"class":71},[61,132541,515],{"class":503},[61,132543,1218],{"class":507},[61,132545,3639],{"class":503},[61,132547,132548],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132549,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132551,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132553,160],{"class":159},[61,132555,147],{"class":75},[61,132557,34983],{"class":143},[61,132559,140],{"class":75},[61,132561,36122],{"class":143},[61,132563,147],{"class":75},[61,132565,504],{"class":503},[61,132567,1071],{"class":507},[61,132569,504],{"class":503},[61,132571,5641],{"class":75},[61,132573,51529],{"class":173},[61,132575,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,132577,160],{"class":159},[61,132579,147],{"class":75},[61,132581,34983],{"class":143},[61,132583,140],{"class":75},[61,132585,36122],{"class":143},[61,132587,147],{"class":75},[61,132589,504],{"class":503},[61,132591,214],{"class":507},[61,132593,504],{"class":503},[61,132595,5641],{"class":75},[61,132597,28056],{"class":173},[61,132599,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,132601,160],{"class":159},[61,132603,147],{"class":75},[61,132605,34983],{"class":143},[61,132607,140],{"class":75},[61,132609,36122],{"class":143},[61,132611,147],{"class":75},[61,132613,504],{"class":503},[61,132615,1276],{"class":507},[61,132617,504],{"class":503},[61,132619,5641],{"class":75},[61,132621,51697],{"class":173},[20,132623,132624,132626,132627,132629],{},[15,132625,59250],{}," returns only the ",[39,132628,30185],{}," matching position.",[52,132631,132633],{"className":54,"code":132632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132634,132635,132647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132636,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132638,34962],{"class":67},[61,132640,72],{"class":71},[61,132642,515],{"class":503},[61,132644,518],{"class":507},[61,132646,3639],{"class":503},[61,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132650,160],{"class":159},[61,132652,147],{"class":75},[61,132654,34983],{"class":143},[61,132656,140],{"class":75},[61,132658,36122],{"class":143},[61,132660,147],{"class":75},[61,132662,504],{"class":503},[61,132664,214],{"class":507},[61,132666,504],{"class":503},[61,132668,5641],{"class":75},[61,132670,28056],{"class":173},[20,132672,1010,132673,132675],{},[15,132674,1299],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132677,132678,132679,140],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[214,132680,132681,1516],{"href":124905},[15,132682,58872],{},[47,132684,716,132685,700,132687],{"id":65685},[15,132686,36349],{},[15,132688,52943],{},[20,132690,2266,132691,700,132693,132695],{},[15,132692,36349],{},[15,132694,52943],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132697,132698],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132700,46320,132701,192],{},[15,132702,36349],{},[52,132704,132706],{"className":54,"code":132705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132707,132708,132720,132724,132748,132776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132709,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132711,34962],{"class":67},[61,132713,72],{"class":71},[61,132715,515],{"class":503},[61,132717,518],{"class":507},[61,132719,3639],{"class":503},[61,132721,132722],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132723,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132725,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744,132746],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132727,160],{"class":159},[61,132729,147],{"class":75},[61,132731,34983],{"class":143},[61,132733,140],{"class":75},[61,132735,36122],{"class":143},[61,132737,147],{"class":75},[61,132739,504],{"class":503},[61,132741,214],{"class":507},[61,132743,504],{"class":503},[61,132745,5641],{"class":75},[61,132747,51402],{"class":173},[61,132749,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,132751,160],{"class":159},[61,132753,147],{"class":75},[61,132755,34983],{"class":143},[61,132757,140],{"class":75},[61,132759,36122],{"class":143},[61,132761,147],{"class":75},[61,132763,504],{"class":503},[61,132765,214],{"class":507},[61,132767,504],{"class":503},[61,132769,83],{"class":75},[61,132771,86],{"class":79},[61,132773,5641],{"class":75},[61,132775,51251],{"class":173},[61,132777,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,132779,160],{"class":159},[61,132781,147],{"class":75},[61,132783,34983],{"class":143},[61,132785,140],{"class":75},[61,132787,36122],{"class":143},[61,132789,147],{"class":75},[61,132791,504],{"class":503},[61,132793,214],{"class":507},[61,132795,504],{"class":503},[61,132797,83],{"class":75},[61,132799,112],{"class":79},[61,132801,5641],{"class":75},[61,132803,51035],{"class":173},[20,132805,20236],{},[29,132807,132808,132815,132821],{},[32,132809,132810,132811,65875,132813],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132812,1299],{},[15,132814,80],{},[32,132816,132817,132818,132820],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132819,301],{}," skips that first match",[32,132822,132817,132823,132825,132826],{},[15,132824,788],{}," finds the last ",[15,132827,1299],{},[20,132829,46320,132830,192],{},[15,132831,52943],{},[52,132833,132835],{"className":54,"code":132834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132836,132837,132849,132853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132838,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132840,34962],{"class":67},[61,132842,72],{"class":71},[61,132844,515],{"class":503},[61,132846,518],{"class":507},[61,132848,3639],{"class":503},[61,132850,132851],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132852,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,132854,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,132856,160],{"class":159},[61,132858,147],{"class":75},[61,132860,34983],{"class":143},[61,132862,140],{"class":75},[61,132864,36122],{"class":143},[61,132866,147],{"class":75},[61,132868,504],{"class":503},[61,132870,76306],{"class":507},[61,132872,504],{"class":503},[61,132874,83],{"class":75},[61,132876,4114],{"class":79},[61,132878,83],{"class":75},[61,132880,112],{"class":79},[61,132882,5641],{"class":75},[61,132884,51697],{"class":173},[20,132886,132887],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132889,132890],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[47,132892,44492,132894,132896],{"id":132893},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132895,59250],{}," causes an error",[20,132898,132899,132900,52777,132902,140],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132901,59250],{},[15,132903,40982],{},[20,132905,368],{},[52,132907,132909],{"className":54,"code":132908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132910,132911,132923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132912,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132914,34962],{"class":67},[61,132916,72],{"class":71},[61,132918,515],{"class":503},[61,132920,4126],{"class":507},[61,132922,3639],{"class":503},[61,132924,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132926,160],{"class":159},[61,132928,147],{"class":75},[61,132930,34983],{"class":143},[61,132932,140],{"class":75},[61,132934,36122],{"class":143},[61,132936,147],{"class":75},[61,132938,504],{"class":503},[61,132940,22354],{"class":507},[61,132942,504],{"class":503},[61,132944,1761],{"class":75},[20,132946,1598],{},[52,132948,132950],{"className":54,"code":132949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132951,132952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132953,132954,132956,132958,132961,132963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132955,40982],{"class":2071},[61,132957,192],{"class":75},[61,132959,132960],{"class":67}," substring ",[61,132962,4909],{"class":71},[61,132964,66107],{"class":67},[20,132966,53624,132967,126421,132972,132974],{},[214,132968,132969],{"href":130099},[15,132970,132971],{},"str.find()",[15,132973,66132],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132976,132977,132978,700,132980,192],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132979,30080],{},[15,132981,30111],{},[52,132983,132985],{"className":54,"code":132984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132986,132987,132999,133003,133009,133032,133042,133050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132988,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132990,34962],{"class":67},[61,132992,72],{"class":71},[61,132994,515],{"class":503},[61,132996,4126],{"class":507},[61,132998,3639],{"class":503},[61,133000,133001],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133002,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,133004,133005,133007],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133006,30080],{"class":4158},[61,133008,6673],{"class":75},[61,133010,133011,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,133012,133013],{"class":67},"    position ",[61,133015,72],{"class":71},[61,133017,43120],{"class":67},[61,133019,140],{"class":75},[61,133021,36122],{"class":143},[61,133023,147],{"class":75},[61,133025,504],{"class":503},[61,133027,22354],{"class":507},[61,133029,504],{"class":503},[61,133031,153],{"class":75},[61,133033,133034,133036,133038,133040],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,133035,8352],{"class":159},[61,133037,147],{"class":75},[61,133039,65226],{"class":143},[61,133041,153],{"class":75},[61,133043,133044,133046,133048],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,133045,30111],{"class":4158},[61,133047,42205],{"class":2071},[61,133049,6673],{"class":75},[61,133051,133052,133054,133056,133058,133061,133063],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,133053,8352],{"class":159},[61,133055,147],{"class":75},[61,133057,504],{"class":503},[61,133059,133060],{"class":507},"Substring not found",[61,133062,504],{"class":503},[61,133064,153],{"class":75},[20,133066,133067],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133069,42225,133070,140],{},[214,133071,25955,133073],{"href":133072},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133074,129426],{},[47,133076,133078,1310,133080],{"id":133077},"index-vs-find",[15,133079,59250],{},[15,133081,124450],{},[20,133083,133084,700,133086,133088],{},[15,133085,59250],{},[15,133087,124450],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[887,133090,133091],{"id":36122},[15,133092,59250],{},[29,133094,133095,133098],{},[32,133096,133097],{},"Returns the first match position",[32,133099,133100],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[52,133102,133104],{"className":54,"code":133103,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133105,133106,133118,133142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133107,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133109,34962],{"class":67},[61,133111,72],{"class":71},[61,133113,515],{"class":503},[61,133115,4126],{"class":507},[61,133117,3639],{"class":503},[61,133119,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133121,160],{"class":159},[61,133123,147],{"class":75},[61,133125,34983],{"class":143},[61,133127,140],{"class":75},[61,133129,36122],{"class":143},[61,133131,147],{"class":75},[61,133133,504],{"class":503},[61,133135,60730],{"class":507},[61,133137,504],{"class":503},[61,133139,5641],{"class":75},[61,133141,28056],{"class":173},[61,133143,133144],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133145,133146],{"class":173},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[887,133148,133149],{"id":128480},[15,133150,124450],{},[29,133152,133153,133155],{},[32,133154,133097],{},[32,133156,11704,133157,133159],{},[15,133158,66132],{}," if nothing is found",[52,133161,133163],{"className":54,"code":133162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133164,133165,133177,133201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133166,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133168,34962],{"class":67},[61,133170,72],{"class":71},[61,133172,515],{"class":503},[61,133174,4126],{"class":507},[61,133176,3639],{"class":503},[61,133178,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133180,160],{"class":159},[61,133182,147],{"class":75},[61,133184,34983],{"class":143},[61,133186,140],{"class":75},[61,133188,128480],{"class":143},[61,133190,147],{"class":75},[61,133192,504],{"class":503},[61,133194,60730],{"class":507},[61,133196,504],{"class":503},[61,133198,5641],{"class":75},[61,133200,28056],{"class":173},[61,133202,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133204,160],{"class":159},[61,133206,147],{"class":75},[61,133208,34983],{"class":143},[61,133210,140],{"class":75},[61,133212,128480],{"class":143},[61,133214,147],{"class":75},[61,133216,504],{"class":503},[61,133218,22354],{"class":507},[61,133220,504],{"class":503},[61,133222,5641],{"class":75},[61,133224,128836],{"class":173},[20,133226,1503,133227,133229],{},[15,133228,59250],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133231,1503,133232,133234],{},[15,133233,124450],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133236,133237,133238,3159,133243,140],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[214,133239,133240,133242],{"href":130099},[15,133241,132971],{}," method reference",[214,133244,127491],{"href":133245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[47,133247,3111],{"id":3110},[20,133249,133250,133251,192],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133252,59250],{},[29,133254,133255,133258,133265,133270,133275],{},[32,133256,133257],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[32,133259,1524,133260,8739,133262,133264],{},[15,133261,59250],{},[15,133263,66132],{}," when no match exists",[32,133266,716,133267,133269],{},[15,133268,59250],{}," on a value that may not be present",[32,133271,133272,133273],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133274,80],{},[32,133276,4858,133277,133279],{},[15,133278,59250],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133281,2046],{},[52,133283,133285],{"className":54,"code":133284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133286,133287,133297,133311,133333,133355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133288,133289,133291,133293,133295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133290,160],{"class":159},[61,133292,147],{"class":75},[61,133294,34983],{"class":143},[61,133296,153],{"class":75},[61,133298,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133300,160],{"class":159},[61,133302,147],{"class":75},[61,133304,42058],{"class":159},[61,133306,147],{"class":75},[61,133308,34983],{"class":143},[61,133310,1761],{"class":75},[61,133312,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133314,160],{"class":159},[61,133316,147],{"class":75},[61,133318,34983],{"class":143},[61,133320,140],{"class":75},[61,133322,36122],{"class":143},[61,133324,147],{"class":75},[61,133326,504],{"class":503},[61,133328,2755],{"class":507},[61,133330,504],{"class":503},[61,133332,1761],{"class":75},[61,133334,133335,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,133336,160],{"class":159},[61,133338,147],{"class":75},[61,133340,34983],{"class":143},[61,133342,140],{"class":75},[61,133344,128480],{"class":143},[61,133346,147],{"class":75},[61,133348,504],{"class":503},[61,133350,2755],{"class":507},[61,133352,504],{"class":503},[61,133354,1761],{"class":75},[61,133356,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,133358,160],{"class":159},[61,133360,147],{"class":75},[61,133362,34983],{"class":143},[61,133364,140],{"class":75},[61,133366,36122],{"class":143},[61,133368,147],{"class":75},[61,133370,504],{"class":503},[61,133372,2755],{"class":507},[61,133374,504],{"class":503},[61,133376,83],{"class":75},[61,133378,36328],{"class":143},[61,133380,83],{"class":75},[61,133382,65320],{"class":143},[61,133384,1761],{"class":75},[20,133386,133387],{},"Tips:",[29,133389,133390,133395,133400,133403],{},[32,133391,1503,133392,133394],{},[15,133393,126377],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[32,133396,1503,133397,133399],{},[15,133398,124450],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[32,133401,133402],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,133404,133405,133406],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133407,2405],{},[47,133409,2109],{"id":2108},[887,133411,129959,133413,12996],{"id":133412},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133414,59250],{},[20,133416,133417],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[887,133419,133421],{"id":133420},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133423,77134,133424,140],{},[15,133425,40982],{},[887,133427,2153,133429,700,133431,2159],{"id":133428},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133430,59250],{},[15,133432,124450],{},[20,133434,133435,133437,133438,2680,133440,6910],{},[15,133436,59250],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133439,124450],{},[15,133441,66132],{},[887,133443,2123,133445,133447],{"id":133444},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133446,59250],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133449,133450],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[887,133452,133454,133455,124791],{"id":133453},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133456,59250],{},[20,133458,129984],{},[47,133460,2172],{"id":2171},[29,133462,133463,133469,133473,133478,133484],{},[32,133464,133465],{},[214,133466,133467,1516],{"href":130099},[15,133468,132971],{},[32,133470,133471],{},[214,133472,124854],{"href":133245},[32,133474,133475],{},[214,133476,130060],{"href":133477},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[32,133479,133480],{},[214,133481,133482,1516],{"href":124905},[15,133483,58872],{},[32,133485,133486],{},[214,133487,30623,133488],{"href":133072},[15,133489,129426],{},[2204,133491,133492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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an error",{"id":133077,"depth":97,"text":133504,"children":133505},"index() vs find()",[133506,133507],{"id":36122,"depth":122,"text":59250},{"id":128480,"depth":122,"text":124450},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":133510},[133511,133513,133514,133516,133518],{"id":133412,"depth":122,"text":133512},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133420,"depth":122,"text":133421},{"id":133428,"depth":122,"text":133515},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133444,"depth":122,"text":133517},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133453,"depth":122,"text":133519},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132040,"description":133521},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133528,"title":133529,"body":133530,"description":136305,"extension":2249,"meta":136306,"navigation":125,"path":136307,"seo":136308,"stem":136309,"__hash__":136310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133531,"toc":136241},[133532,133538,133543,133546,133549,133560,133562,133631,133633,133647,133652,133657,133662,133664,133707,133709,133792,133794,133840,133846,133848,133850,133870,133872,133895,133897,133971,133973,133992,133997,133999,134003,134075,134077,134091,134095,134171,134173,134192,134196,134290,134292,134301,134308,134384,134386,134404,134408,134411,134418,134467,134469,134478,134485,134544,134546,134564,134567,134574,134633,134635,134653,134660,134717,134719,134728,134732,134737,134741,134800,134802,134820,134824,134871,134876,134879,134948,134950,134967,134974,134980,135035,135040,135043,135120,135122,135140,135146,135152,135212,135214,135233,135239,135242,135249,135302,135307,135309,135370,135379,135386,135388,135445,135450,135452,135523,135527,135582,135584,135593,135598,135604,135673,135675,135707,135713,135721,135728,135734,135799,135801,135810,135816,135897,135899,135908,135913,135927,135934,135938,135943,135971,135973,136106,136109,136146,136148,136154,136163,136168,136171,136176,136181,136187,136190,136199,136202,136204,136233,136238],[10,133533,123455,133535,18],{"id":133534},"python-string-join-method",[15,133536,133537],{},"join()",[20,133539,123460,133540,133542],{},[15,133541,133537],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133544,133545],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133547,133548],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[29,133550,133551,133557],{},[32,133552,133553,133554,133556],{},"You call ",[15,133555,133537],{}," on the separator string",[32,133558,133559],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[47,133561,3890],{"id":3889},[52,133563,133565],{"className":54,"code":133564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133566,133567,133600,133621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133568,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133596,133598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133570,1778],{"class":67},[61,133572,72],{"class":71},[61,133574,926],{"class":75},[61,133576,504],{"class":503},[61,133578,7577],{"class":507},[61,133580,504],{"class":503},[61,133582,83],{"class":75},[61,133584,515],{"class":503},[61,133586,12474],{"class":507},[61,133588,504],{"class":503},[61,133590,83],{"class":75},[61,133592,515],{"class":503},[61,133594,133595],{"class":507},"fun",[61,133597,504],{"class":503},[61,133599,943],{"class":75},[61,133601,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133615,133617,133619],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133603,132],{"class":67},[61,133605,72],{"class":71},[61,133607,515],{"class":503},[61,133609,515],{"class":503},[61,133611,140],{"class":75},[61,133613,133614],{"class":143},"join",[61,133616,147],{"class":75},[61,133618,4394],{"class":143},[61,133620,153],{"class":75},[61,133622,133623,133625,133627,133629],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133624,160],{"class":159},[61,133626,147],{"class":75},[61,133628,165],{"class":143},[61,133630,153],{"class":75},[20,133632,1598],{},[52,133634,133636],{"className":54,"code":133635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is fun\n",[15,133637,133638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133639,133640,133642,133644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133641,13],{"class":67},[61,133643,12474],{"class":71},[61,133645,133646],{"class":67}," fun\n",[20,133648,1503,133649,133651],{},[15,133650,133537],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[47,133653,184,133655,187],{"id":133654},"what-join-does",[15,133656,133537],{},[20,133658,133659,133661],{},[15,133660,133537],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133663,11739],{},[29,133665,133666,133673,133701,133704],{},[32,133667,133668,133669,133672],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133670,133671],{},".join()"," as the separator",[32,133674,133675,133676],{},"Common separators are:\n",[29,133677,133678,133684,133690,133696],{},[32,133679,133680,133683],{},[15,133681,133682],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[32,133685,133686,133689],{},[15,133687,133688],{},"\", \""," for commas",[32,133691,133692,133695],{},[15,133693,133694],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[32,133697,133698,133700],{},[15,133699,6552],{}," for no separator",[32,133702,133703],{},"It returns a new string",[32,133705,133706],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133708,368],{},[52,133710,133712],{"className":54,"code":133711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133713,133714,133746,133768,133772,133782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133715,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133717,1778],{"class":67},[61,133719,72],{"class":71},[61,133721,926],{"class":75},[61,133723,504],{"class":503},[61,133725,13373],{"class":507},[61,133727,504],{"class":503},[61,133729,83],{"class":75},[61,133731,515],{"class":503},[61,133733,17735],{"class":507},[61,133735,504],{"class":503},[61,133737,83],{"class":75},[61,133739,515],{"class":503},[61,133741,13390],{"class":507},[61,133743,504],{"class":503},[61,133745,943],{"class":75},[61,133747,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133749,132],{"class":67},[61,133751,72],{"class":71},[61,133753,515],{"class":503},[61,133755,1830],{"class":507},[61,133757,504],{"class":503},[61,133759,140],{"class":75},[61,133761,133614],{"class":143},[61,133763,147],{"class":75},[61,133765,4394],{"class":143},[61,133767,153],{"class":75},[61,133769,133770],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133771,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,133773,133774,133776,133778,133780],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,133775,160],{"class":159},[61,133777,147],{"class":75},[61,133779,165],{"class":143},[61,133781,153],{"class":75},[61,133783,133784,133786,133788,133790],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,133785,160],{"class":159},[61,133787,147],{"class":75},[61,133789,4394],{"class":143},[61,133791,153],{"class":75},[20,133793,1598],{},[52,133795,133797],{"className":54,"code":133796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133798,133799,133812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133800,133801,133803,133805,133808,133810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133802,13373],{"class":67},[61,133804,83],{"class":75},[61,133806,133807],{"class":67}," green",[61,133809,83],{"class":75},[61,133811,36157],{"class":67},[61,133813,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133815,4182],{"class":75},[61,133817,630],{"class":503},[61,133819,13373],{"class":507},[61,133821,630],{"class":503},[61,133823,83],{"class":75},[61,133825,639],{"class":503},[61,133827,17735],{"class":507},[61,133829,630],{"class":503},[61,133831,83],{"class":75},[61,133833,639],{"class":503},[61,133835,13390],{"class":507},[61,133837,630],{"class":503},[61,133839,943],{"class":75},[20,133841,133842,133843,133845],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133844,133537],{}," creates a new string.",[47,133847,221],{"id":220},[20,133849,7498],{},[52,133851,133853],{"className":54,"code":133852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133854,133855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133856,133857,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133858,133859],{"class":67},"separator",[61,133861,140],{"class":75},[61,133863,133614],{"class":143},[61,133865,147],{"class":75},[61,133867,4000],{"class":143},[61,133869,153],{"class":75},[887,133871,49291],{"id":49290},[29,133873,133874,133887,133892],{},[32,133875,133876,133878,133879,1830,133881,1830,133883,2477,133885],{},[15,133877,133859],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133880,133682],{},[15,133882,133688],{},[15,133884,133694],{},[15,133886,6552],{},[32,133888,133889,133891],{},[15,133890,4000],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[32,133893,133894],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133896,368],{},[52,133898,133900],{"className":54,"code":133899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133901,133902,133934,133957,133961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133903,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133905,5274],{"class":67},[61,133907,72],{"class":71},[61,133909,926],{"class":75},[61,133911,504],{"class":503},[61,133913,13161],{"class":507},[61,133915,504],{"class":503},[61,133917,83],{"class":75},[61,133919,515],{"class":503},[61,133921,36217],{"class":507},[61,133923,504],{"class":503},[61,133925,83],{"class":75},[61,133927,515],{"class":503},[61,133929,36226],{"class":507},[61,133931,504],{"class":503},[61,133933,943],{"class":75},[61,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133937,132],{"class":67},[61,133939,72],{"class":71},[61,133941,515],{"class":503},[61,133943,133944],{"class":507}," | ",[61,133946,504],{"class":503},[61,133948,140],{"class":75},[61,133950,133614],{"class":143},[61,133952,147],{"class":75},[61,133954,5318],{"class":143},[61,133956,153],{"class":75},[61,133958,133959],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,133960,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,133962,133963,133965,133967,133969],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,133964,160],{"class":159},[61,133966,147],{"class":75},[61,133968,165],{"class":143},[61,133970,153],{"class":75},[20,133972,1598],{},[52,133974,133976],{"className":54,"code":133975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133977,133978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133979,133980,133983,133985,133988,133990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133981,133982],{"class":67},"Ana ",[61,133984,2158],{"class":71},[61,133986,133987],{"class":67}," Ben ",[61,133989,2158],{"class":71},[61,133991,36298],{"class":67},[20,133993,133994,133995,140],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[214,133996,125210],{"href":51257},[47,133998,121986],{"id":121985},[887,134000,134002],{"id":134001},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[52,134004,134006],{"className":54,"code":134005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134007,134008,134041,134061,134065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134009,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134037,134039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134011,1778],{"class":67},[61,134013,72],{"class":71},[61,134015,926],{"class":75},[61,134017,504],{"class":503},[61,134019,7577],{"class":507},[61,134021,504],{"class":503},[61,134023,83],{"class":75},[61,134025,515],{"class":503},[61,134027,12474],{"class":507},[61,134029,504],{"class":503},[61,134031,83],{"class":75},[61,134033,515],{"class":503},[61,134035,134036],{"class":507},"easy",[61,134038,504],{"class":503},[61,134040,943],{"class":75},[61,134042,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134044,132],{"class":67},[61,134046,72],{"class":71},[61,134048,515],{"class":503},[61,134050,515],{"class":503},[61,134052,140],{"class":75},[61,134054,133614],{"class":143},[61,134056,147],{"class":75},[61,134058,4394],{"class":143},[61,134060,153],{"class":75},[61,134062,134063],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,134064,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,134066,134067,134069,134071,134073],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,134068,160],{"class":159},[61,134070,147],{"class":75},[61,134072,165],{"class":143},[61,134074,153],{"class":75},[20,134076,1598],{},[52,134078,134080],{"className":54,"code":134079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is easy\n",[15,134081,134082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134083,134084,134086,134088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134085,13],{"class":67},[61,134087,12474],{"class":71},[61,134089,134090],{"class":67}," easy\n",[887,134092,134094],{"id":134093},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[52,134096,134098],{"className":54,"code":134097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134099,134100,134135,134157,134161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134113,134115,134117,134119,134122,134124,134126,134128,134131,134133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134103,8061],{"class":67},[61,134105,72],{"class":71},[61,134107,926],{"class":75},[61,134109,504],{"class":503},[61,134111,134112],{"class":507},"apples",[61,134114,504],{"class":503},[61,134116,83],{"class":75},[61,134118,515],{"class":503},[61,134120,134121],{"class":507},"bananas",[61,134123,504],{"class":503},[61,134125,83],{"class":75},[61,134127,515],{"class":503},[61,134129,134130],{"class":507},"oranges",[61,134132,504],{"class":503},[61,134134,943],{"class":75},[61,134136,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134138,132],{"class":67},[61,134140,72],{"class":71},[61,134142,515],{"class":503},[61,134144,1830],{"class":507},[61,134146,504],{"class":503},[61,134148,140],{"class":75},[61,134150,133614],{"class":143},[61,134152,147],{"class":75},[61,134154,8092],{"class":143},[61,134156,153],{"class":75},[61,134158,134159],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,134160,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,134162,134163,134165,134167,134169],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,134164,160],{"class":159},[61,134166,147],{"class":75},[61,134168,165],{"class":143},[61,134170,153],{"class":75},[20,134172,1598],{},[52,134174,134176],{"className":54,"code":134175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134177,134178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134179,134180,134182,134184,134187,134189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134181,134112],{"class":67},[61,134183,83],{"class":75},[61,134185,134186],{"class":67}," bananas",[61,134188,83],{"class":75},[61,134190,134191],{"class":67}," oranges\n",[887,134193,134195],{"id":134194},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[52,134197,134199],{"className":54,"code":134198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134200,134201,134258,134276,134280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134202,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134204,1028],{"class":67},[61,134206,72],{"class":71},[61,134208,926],{"class":75},[61,134210,504],{"class":503},[61,134212,134213],{"class":507},"P",[61,134215,504],{"class":503},[61,134217,83],{"class":75},[61,134219,515],{"class":503},[61,134221,12025],{"class":507},[61,134223,504],{"class":503},[61,134225,83],{"class":75},[61,134227,515],{"class":503},[61,134229,1276],{"class":507},[61,134231,504],{"class":503},[61,134233,83],{"class":75},[61,134235,515],{"class":503},[61,134237,60721],{"class":507},[61,134239,504],{"class":503},[61,134241,83],{"class":75},[61,134243,515],{"class":503},[61,134245,60756],{"class":507},[61,134247,504],{"class":503},[61,134249,83],{"class":75},[61,134251,515],{"class":503},[61,134253,76306],{"class":507},[61,134255,504],{"class":503},[61,134257,943],{"class":75},[61,134259,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134261,132],{"class":67},[61,134263,72],{"class":71},[61,134265,6407],{"class":503},[61,134267,140],{"class":75},[61,134269,133614],{"class":143},[61,134271,147],{"class":75},[61,134273,36419],{"class":143},[61,134275,153],{"class":75},[61,134277,134278],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,134279,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,134281,134282,134284,134286,134288],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,134283,160],{"class":159},[61,134285,147],{"class":75},[61,134287,165],{"class":143},[61,134289,153],{"class":75},[20,134291,1598],{},[52,134293,134295],{"className":54,"code":134294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python\n",[15,134296,134297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134298,134299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134300,134294],{"class":67},[887,134302,134304,134305,134307],{"id":134303},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134306,133537],{}," returns the result",[52,134309,134311],{"className":54,"code":134310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134312,134313,134346,134369,134373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134342,134344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134316,1778],{"class":67},[61,134318,72],{"class":71},[61,134320,926],{"class":75},[61,134322,504],{"class":503},[61,134324,6864],{"class":507},[61,134326,504],{"class":503},[61,134328,83],{"class":75},[61,134330,515],{"class":503},[61,134332,79547],{"class":507},[61,134334,504],{"class":503},[61,134336,83],{"class":75},[61,134338,515],{"class":503},[61,134340,134341],{"class":507},"three",[61,134343,504],{"class":503},[61,134345,943],{"class":75},[61,134347,134348,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134349,134350],{"class":67},"joined_text ",[61,134352,72],{"class":71},[61,134354,515],{"class":503},[61,134356,2308],{"class":507},[61,134358,504],{"class":503},[61,134360,140],{"class":75},[61,134362,133614],{"class":143},[61,134364,147],{"class":75},[61,134366,4394],{"class":143},[61,134368,153],{"class":75},[61,134370,134371],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,134372,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,134374,134375,134377,134379,134382],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,134376,160],{"class":159},[61,134378,147],{"class":75},[61,134380,134381],{"class":143},"joined_text",[61,134383,153],{"class":75},[20,134385,1598],{},[52,134387,134389],{"className":54,"code":134388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one-two-three\n",[15,134390,134391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134392,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134394,6864],{"class":67},[61,134396,2308],{"class":71},[61,134398,79547],{"class":67},[61,134400,2308],{"class":71},[61,134402,134403],{"class":67},"three\n",[47,134405,134407],{"id":134406},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134409,134410],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[887,134412,134414,134417],{"id":134413},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134415,134416],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[52,134419,134421],{"className":54,"code":134420,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134422,134423,134447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134424,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134426,1778],{"class":67},[61,134428,72],{"class":71},[61,134430,926],{"class":75},[61,134432,504],{"class":503},[61,134434,4126],{"class":507},[61,134436,504],{"class":503},[61,134438,83],{"class":75},[61,134440,515],{"class":503},[61,134442,60874],{"class":507},[61,134444,504],{"class":503},[61,134446,943],{"class":75},[61,134448,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134450,160],{"class":159},[61,134452,147],{"class":75},[61,134454,504],{"class":503},[61,134456,515],{"class":503},[61,134458,140],{"class":75},[61,134460,133614],{"class":143},[61,134462,147],{"class":75},[61,134464,4394],{"class":143},[61,134466,1761],{"class":75},[20,134468,1598],{},[52,134470,134472],{"className":54,"code":134471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n",[15,134473,134474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134475,134476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134477,134471],{"class":67},[887,134479,134481,134484],{"id":134480},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134482,134483],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[52,134486,134488],{"className":54,"code":134487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134489,134490,134522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134491,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134493,13356],{"class":67},[61,134495,72],{"class":71},[61,134497,926],{"class":75},[61,134499,504],{"class":503},[61,134501,13373],{"class":507},[61,134503,504],{"class":503},[61,134505,83],{"class":75},[61,134507,515],{"class":503},[61,134509,13390],{"class":507},[61,134511,504],{"class":503},[61,134513,83],{"class":75},[61,134515,515],{"class":503},[61,134517,17735],{"class":507},[61,134519,504],{"class":503},[61,134521,943],{"class":75},[61,134523,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134525,160],{"class":159},[61,134527,147],{"class":75},[61,134529,504],{"class":503},[61,134531,1830],{"class":507},[61,134533,504],{"class":503},[61,134535,140],{"class":75},[61,134537,133614],{"class":143},[61,134539,147],{"class":75},[61,134541,17782],{"class":143},[61,134543,1761],{"class":75},[20,134545,1598],{},[52,134547,134549],{"className":54,"code":134548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134550,134551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134552,134553,134555,134557,134560,134562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134554,13373],{"class":67},[61,134556,83],{"class":75},[61,134558,134559],{"class":67}," blue",[61,134561,83],{"class":75},[61,134563,36150],{"class":67},[20,134565,134566],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[887,134568,134570,134573],{"id":134569},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134571,134572],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[52,134575,134577],{"className":54,"code":134576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134578,134579,134611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134580,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134582,43115],{"class":67},[61,134584,72],{"class":71},[61,134586,926],{"class":75},[61,134588,504],{"class":503},[61,134590,56],{"class":507},[61,134592,504],{"class":503},[61,134594,83],{"class":75},[61,134596,515],{"class":503},[61,134598,61455],{"class":507},[61,134600,504],{"class":503},[61,134602,83],{"class":75},[61,134604,515],{"class":503},[61,134606,133614],{"class":507},[61,134608,504],{"class":503},[61,134610,943],{"class":75},[61,134612,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134614,160],{"class":159},[61,134616,147],{"class":75},[61,134618,504],{"class":503},[61,134620,2308],{"class":507},[61,134622,504],{"class":503},[61,134624,140],{"class":75},[61,134626,133614],{"class":143},[61,134628,147],{"class":75},[61,134630,43147],{"class":143},[61,134632,1761],{"class":75},[20,134634,1598],{},[52,134636,134638],{"className":54,"code":134637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python-string-join\n",[15,134639,134640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134643,56],{"class":67},[61,134645,2308],{"class":71},[61,134647,61455],{"class":67},[61,134649,2308],{"class":71},[61,134651,134652],{"class":67},"join\n",[887,134654,134656,134659],{"id":134655},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134657,134658],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[52,134661,134663],{"className":54,"code":134662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134664,134665,134698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134666,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134694,134696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134668,1178],{"class":67},[61,134670,72],{"class":71},[61,134672,926],{"class":75},[61,134674,504],{"class":503},[61,134676,22521],{"class":507},[61,134678,504],{"class":503},[61,134680,83],{"class":75},[61,134682,515],{"class":503},[61,134684,30875],{"class":507},[61,134686,504],{"class":503},[61,134688,83],{"class":75},[61,134690,515],{"class":503},[61,134692,134693],{"class":507},"C",[61,134695,504],{"class":503},[61,134697,943],{"class":75},[61,134699,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134715],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134701,160],{"class":159},[61,134703,147],{"class":75},[61,134705,6552],{"class":503},[61,134707,140],{"class":75},[61,134709,133614],{"class":143},[61,134711,147],{"class":75},[61,134713,134714],{"class":143},"chars",[61,134716,1761],{"class":75},[20,134718,1598],{},[52,134720,134722],{"className":54,"code":134721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ABC\n",[15,134723,134724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134725,134726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134727,134721],{"class":34728},[47,134729,134731],{"id":134730},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134733,134734,134736],{},[15,134735,133537],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[887,134738,134740],{"id":134739},"this-works","This works",[52,134742,134744],{"className":54,"code":134743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134745,134746,134778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134747,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134749,4103],{"class":67},[61,134751,72],{"class":71},[61,134753,926],{"class":75},[61,134755,504],{"class":503},[61,134757,2613],{"class":507},[61,134759,504],{"class":503},[61,134761,83],{"class":75},[61,134763,515],{"class":503},[61,134765,16033],{"class":507},[61,134767,504],{"class":503},[61,134769,83],{"class":75},[61,134771,515],{"class":503},[61,134773,37118],{"class":507},[61,134775,504],{"class":503},[61,134777,943],{"class":75},[61,134779,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134781,160],{"class":159},[61,134783,147],{"class":75},[61,134785,504],{"class":503},[61,134787,1830],{"class":507},[61,134789,504],{"class":503},[61,134791,140],{"class":75},[61,134793,133614],{"class":143},[61,134795,147],{"class":75},[61,134797,5638],{"class":143},[61,134799,1761],{"class":75},[20,134801,1598],{},[52,134803,134805],{"className":54,"code":134804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134806,134807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134810,2613],{"class":79},[61,134812,83],{"class":75},[61,134814,8072],{"class":79},[61,134816,83],{"class":75},[61,134818,134819],{"class":79}," 30\n",[887,134821,134823],{"id":134822},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[52,134825,134827],{"className":54,"code":134826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134828,134829,134849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134832,4103],{"class":67},[61,134834,72],{"class":71},[61,134836,926],{"class":75},[61,134838,80],{"class":79},[61,134840,83],{"class":75},[61,134842,86],{"class":79},[61,134844,83],{"class":75},[61,134846,91],{"class":79},[61,134848,943],{"class":75},[61,134850,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134852,160],{"class":159},[61,134854,147],{"class":75},[61,134856,504],{"class":503},[61,134858,1830],{"class":507},[61,134860,504],{"class":503},[61,134862,140],{"class":75},[61,134864,133614],{"class":143},[61,134866,147],{"class":75},[61,134868,5638],{"class":143},[61,134870,1761],{"class":75},[20,134872,90586,134873,134875],{},[15,134874,3285],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134877,134878],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[52,134880,134882],{"className":54,"code":134881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134883,134884,134904,134934,134938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134885,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134887,4103],{"class":67},[61,134889,72],{"class":71},[61,134891,926],{"class":75},[61,134893,80],{"class":79},[61,134895,83],{"class":75},[61,134897,86],{"class":79},[61,134899,83],{"class":75},[61,134901,91],{"class":79},[61,134903,943],{"class":75},[61,134905,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134907,132],{"class":67},[61,134909,72],{"class":71},[61,134911,515],{"class":503},[61,134913,1830],{"class":507},[61,134915,504],{"class":503},[61,134917,140],{"class":75},[61,134919,133614],{"class":143},[61,134921,147],{"class":75},[61,134923,40137],{"class":159},[61,134925,147],{"class":75},[61,134927,3724],{"class":2071},[61,134929,83],{"class":75},[61,134931,4168],{"class":143},[61,134933,1761],{"class":75},[61,134935,134936],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,134937,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,134939,134940,134942,134944,134946],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,134941,160],{"class":159},[61,134943,147],{"class":75},[61,134945,165],{"class":143},[61,134947,153],{"class":75},[20,134949,1598],{},[52,134951,134953],{"className":54,"code":134952,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134954,134955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134956,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134958,80],{"class":79},[61,134960,83],{"class":75},[61,134962,86],{"class":79},[61,134964,83],{"class":75},[61,134966,2858],{"class":79},[20,134968,134969,134970,140],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[214,134971,13,134972,3790],{"href":42453},[15,134973,47964],{},[887,134975,134977,134979],{"id":134976},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134978,4058],{}," values do not work directly",[52,134981,134983],{"className":54,"code":134982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134984,134985,135013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134986,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134988,4103],{"class":67},[61,134990,72],{"class":71},[61,134992,926],{"class":75},[61,134994,504],{"class":503},[61,134996,508],{"class":507},[61,134998,504],{"class":503},[61,135000,83],{"class":75},[61,135002,4134],{"class":4133},[61,135004,83],{"class":75},[61,135006,515],{"class":503},[61,135008,518],{"class":507},[61,135010,504],{"class":503},[61,135012,943],{"class":75},[61,135014,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135016,160],{"class":159},[61,135018,147],{"class":75},[61,135020,504],{"class":503},[61,135022,1830],{"class":507},[61,135024,504],{"class":503},[61,135026,140],{"class":75},[61,135028,133614],{"class":143},[61,135030,147],{"class":75},[61,135032,5638],{"class":143},[61,135034,1761],{"class":75},[20,135036,135037,135038,140],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135039,3285],{},[20,135041,135042],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[52,135044,135046],{"className":54,"code":135045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135047,135048,135076,135106,135110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135049,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135051,4103],{"class":67},[61,135053,72],{"class":71},[61,135055,926],{"class":75},[61,135057,504],{"class":503},[61,135059,508],{"class":507},[61,135061,504],{"class":503},[61,135063,83],{"class":75},[61,135065,4134],{"class":4133},[61,135067,83],{"class":75},[61,135069,515],{"class":503},[61,135071,518],{"class":507},[61,135073,504],{"class":503},[61,135075,943],{"class":75},[61,135077,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135079,132],{"class":67},[61,135081,72],{"class":71},[61,135083,515],{"class":503},[61,135085,1830],{"class":507},[61,135087,504],{"class":503},[61,135089,140],{"class":75},[61,135091,133614],{"class":143},[61,135093,147],{"class":75},[61,135095,40137],{"class":159},[61,135097,147],{"class":75},[61,135099,3724],{"class":2071},[61,135101,83],{"class":75},[61,135103,4168],{"class":143},[61,135105,1761],{"class":75},[61,135107,135108],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,135109,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,135113,160],{"class":159},[61,135115,147],{"class":75},[61,135117,165],{"class":143},[61,135119,153],{"class":75},[20,135121,1598],{},[52,135123,135125],{"className":54,"code":135124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135126,135127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135128,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135130,508],{"class":67},[61,135132,83],{"class":75},[61,135134,4134],{"class":4133},[61,135136,83],{"class":75},[61,135138,135139],{"class":67}," banana\n",[20,135141,135142,135143,135145],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135144,4058],{}," values instead of converting them.",[887,135147,135149,135151],{"id":135148},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135150,133537],{}," also works with tuples",[52,135153,135155],{"className":54,"code":135154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135156,135157,135189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135158,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135160,5274],{"class":67},[61,135162,72],{"class":71},[61,135164,1058],{"class":75},[61,135166,504],{"class":503},[61,135168,7958],{"class":507},[61,135170,504],{"class":503},[61,135172,83],{"class":75},[61,135174,515],{"class":503},[61,135176,131543],{"class":507},[61,135178,504],{"class":503},[61,135180,83],{"class":75},[61,135182,515],{"class":503},[61,135184,8204],{"class":507},[61,135186,504],{"class":503},[61,135188,153],{"class":75},[61,135190,135191,135193,135195,135197,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135192,160],{"class":159},[61,135194,147],{"class":75},[61,135196,504],{"class":503},[61,135198,135199],{"class":507}," \u002F ",[61,135201,504],{"class":503},[61,135203,140],{"class":75},[61,135205,133614],{"class":143},[61,135207,147],{"class":75},[61,135209,5318],{"class":143},[61,135211,1761],{"class":75},[20,135213,1598],{},[52,135215,135217],{"className":54,"code":135216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135218,135219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135220,135221,135224,135226,135229,135231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135222,135223],{"class":67},"Sam ",[61,135225,127347],{"class":71},[61,135227,135228],{"class":67}," Lee ",[61,135230,127347],{"class":71},[61,135232,22610],{"class":67},[47,135234,135236,135237],{"id":135235},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135238,133537],{},[20,135240,135241],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[887,135243,135245,135246,135248],{"id":135244},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135247,3285],{}," because not all items are strings",[52,135250,135252],{"className":54,"code":135251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135253,135254,135282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135255,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135257,8061],{"class":67},[61,135259,72],{"class":71},[61,135261,926],{"class":75},[61,135263,504],{"class":503},[61,135265,214],{"class":507},[61,135267,504],{"class":503},[61,135269,83],{"class":75},[61,135271,86],{"class":79},[61,135273,83],{"class":75},[61,135275,515],{"class":503},[61,135277,1071],{"class":507},[61,135279,504],{"class":503},[61,135281,943],{"class":75},[61,135283,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135285,160],{"class":159},[61,135287,147],{"class":75},[61,135289,504],{"class":503},[61,135291,515],{"class":503},[61,135293,140],{"class":75},[61,135295,133614],{"class":143},[61,135297,147],{"class":75},[61,135299,8092],{"class":143},[61,135301,1761],{"class":75},[20,135303,48791,135304,135306],{},[15,135305,301],{}," is an integer.",[20,135308,39539],{},[52,135310,135312],{"className":54,"code":135311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135313,135314,135342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135315,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135317,8061],{"class":67},[61,135319,72],{"class":71},[61,135321,926],{"class":75},[61,135323,504],{"class":503},[61,135325,214],{"class":507},[61,135327,504],{"class":503},[61,135329,83],{"class":75},[61,135331,86],{"class":79},[61,135333,83],{"class":75},[61,135335,515],{"class":503},[61,135337,1071],{"class":507},[61,135339,504],{"class":503},[61,135341,943],{"class":75},[61,135343,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135345,160],{"class":159},[61,135347,147],{"class":75},[61,135349,504],{"class":503},[61,135351,515],{"class":503},[61,135353,140],{"class":75},[61,135355,133614],{"class":143},[61,135357,147],{"class":75},[61,135359,40137],{"class":159},[61,135361,147],{"class":75},[61,135363,3724],{"class":2071},[61,135365,83],{"class":75},[61,135367,6246],{"class":143},[61,135369,3193],{"class":75},[20,135371,135372,135373,140],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[214,135374,25955,135376],{"href":135375},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135377,135378],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[887,135380,135382,135383,135385],{"id":135381},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135384,133537],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135387,4804],{},[52,135389,135391],{"className":54,"code":135390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135392,135393,135425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135394,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135396,1778],{"class":67},[61,135398,72],{"class":71},[61,135400,926],{"class":75},[61,135402,504],{"class":503},[61,135404,7577],{"class":507},[61,135406,504],{"class":503},[61,135408,83],{"class":75},[61,135410,515],{"class":503},[61,135412,12474],{"class":507},[61,135414,504],{"class":503},[61,135416,83],{"class":75},[61,135418,515],{"class":503},[61,135420,133595],{"class":507},[61,135422,504],{"class":503},[61,135424,943],{"class":75},[61,135426,135427,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135428,132],{"class":67},[61,135430,72],{"class":71},[61,135432,1800],{"class":67},[61,135434,140],{"class":75},[61,135436,133614],{"class":143},[61,135438,147],{"class":75},[61,135440,504],{"class":503},[61,135442,515],{"class":503},[61,135444,153],{"class":75},[20,135446,135447,135449],{},[15,135448,133537],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135451,11087],{},[52,135453,135455],{"className":54,"code":135454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135456,135457,135489,135509,135513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135458,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135460,1778],{"class":67},[61,135462,72],{"class":71},[61,135464,926],{"class":75},[61,135466,504],{"class":503},[61,135468,7577],{"class":507},[61,135470,504],{"class":503},[61,135472,83],{"class":75},[61,135474,515],{"class":503},[61,135476,12474],{"class":507},[61,135478,504],{"class":503},[61,135480,83],{"class":75},[61,135482,515],{"class":503},[61,135484,133595],{"class":507},[61,135486,504],{"class":503},[61,135488,943],{"class":75},[61,135490,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135492,132],{"class":67},[61,135494,72],{"class":71},[61,135496,515],{"class":503},[61,135498,515],{"class":503},[61,135500,140],{"class":75},[61,135502,133614],{"class":143},[61,135504,147],{"class":75},[61,135506,4394],{"class":143},[61,135508,153],{"class":75},[61,135510,135511],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,135512,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,135516,160],{"class":159},[61,135518,147],{"class":75},[61,135520,165],{"class":143},[61,135522,153],{"class":75},[887,135524,135526],{"id":135525},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[52,135528,135530],{"className":54,"code":135529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135531,135532,135564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135533,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135535,1778],{"class":67},[61,135537,72],{"class":71},[61,135539,926],{"class":75},[61,135541,504],{"class":503},[61,135543,6864],{"class":507},[61,135545,504],{"class":503},[61,135547,83],{"class":75},[61,135549,515],{"class":503},[61,135551,79547],{"class":507},[61,135553,504],{"class":503},[61,135555,83],{"class":75},[61,135557,515],{"class":503},[61,135559,134341],{"class":507},[61,135561,504],{"class":503},[61,135563,943],{"class":75},[61,135565,135566,135568,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135567,160],{"class":159},[61,135569,147],{"class":75},[61,135571,6552],{"class":503},[61,135573,140],{"class":75},[61,135575,133614],{"class":143},[61,135577,147],{"class":75},[61,135579,4394],{"class":143},[61,135581,1761],{"class":75},[20,135583,1598],{},[52,135585,135587],{"className":54,"code":135586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"onetwothree\n",[15,135588,135589],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135590,135591],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135592,135586],{"class":67},[20,135594,135595,135596,6910],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135597,133682],{},[887,135599,135601,135602,131805],{"id":135600},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135603,133537],{},[52,135605,135607],{"className":54,"code":135606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135608,135609,135641,135659,135663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135610,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135612,1778],{"class":67},[61,135614,72],{"class":71},[61,135616,926],{"class":75},[61,135618,504],{"class":503},[61,135620,214],{"class":507},[61,135622,504],{"class":503},[61,135624,83],{"class":75},[61,135626,515],{"class":503},[61,135628,329],{"class":507},[61,135630,504],{"class":503},[61,135632,83],{"class":75},[61,135634,515],{"class":503},[61,135636,1071],{"class":507},[61,135638,504],{"class":503},[61,135640,943],{"class":75},[61,135642,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135644,504],{"class":43607},[61,135646,2308],{"class":43611},[61,135648,504],{"class":43607},[61,135650,140],{"class":75},[61,135652,133614],{"class":143},[61,135654,147],{"class":75},[61,135656,4394],{"class":143},[61,135658,153],{"class":75},[61,135660,135661],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,135662,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,135664,135665,135667,135669,135671],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,135666,160],{"class":159},[61,135668,147],{"class":75},[61,135670,4394],{"class":143},[61,135672,153],{"class":75},[20,135674,1598],{},[52,135676,135677],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,135678,135679],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135680,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135682,4182],{"class":75},[61,135684,630],{"class":503},[61,135686,214],{"class":507},[61,135688,630],{"class":503},[61,135690,83],{"class":75},[61,135692,639],{"class":503},[61,135694,329],{"class":507},[61,135696,630],{"class":503},[61,135698,83],{"class":75},[61,135700,639],{"class":503},[61,135702,1071],{"class":507},[61,135704,630],{"class":503},[61,135706,943],{"class":75},[20,135708,135709,135710,135712],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135711,133537],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[47,135714,135716,135718,135719],{"id":135715},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135717,133537],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135720,2345],{},[20,135722,10870,135723,700,135725,135727],{},[15,135724,133537],{},[15,135726,2345],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[887,135729,1503,135731,135733],{"id":135730},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135732,2345],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[52,135735,135737],{"className":54,"code":135736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135738,135739,135752,135765,135785,135789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135740,135741,135744,135746,135748,135750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135742,135743],{"class":67},"first ",[61,135745,72],{"class":71},[61,135747,515],{"class":503},[61,135749,35142],{"class":507},[61,135751,3639],{"class":503},[61,135753,135754,135757,135759,135761,135763],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135755,135756],{"class":67},"second ",[61,135758,72],{"class":71},[61,135760,515],{"class":503},[61,135762,90015],{"class":507},[61,135764,3639],{"class":503},[61,135766,135767,135769,135771,135774,135776,135778,135780,135782],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,135768,132],{"class":67},[61,135770,72],{"class":71},[61,135772,135773],{"class":67}," first ",[61,135775,2345],{"class":71},[61,135777,515],{"class":503},[61,135779,515],{"class":503},[61,135781,2737],{"class":71},[61,135783,135784],{"class":67}," second\n",[61,135786,135787],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,135788,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,135790,135791,135793,135795,135797],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,135792,160],{"class":159},[61,135794,147],{"class":75},[61,135796,165],{"class":143},[61,135798,153],{"class":75},[20,135800,1598],{},[52,135802,135804],{"className":54,"code":135803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello World\n",[15,135805,135806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135807,135808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135809,135803],{"class":67},[887,135811,1503,135813,135815],{"id":135812},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135814,133537],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[52,135817,135819],{"className":54,"code":135818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135820,135821,135863,135883,135887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135822,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135842,135844,135846,135848,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135824,1778],{"class":67},[61,135826,72],{"class":71},[61,135828,926],{"class":75},[61,135830,504],{"class":503},[61,135832,7577],{"class":507},[61,135834,504],{"class":503},[61,135836,83],{"class":75},[61,135838,515],{"class":503},[61,135840,135841],{"class":507},"makes",[61,135843,504],{"class":503},[61,135845,83],{"class":75},[61,135847,515],{"class":503},[61,135849,135850],{"class":507},"this",[61,135852,504],{"class":503},[61,135854,83],{"class":75},[61,135856,515],{"class":503},[61,135858,134036],{"class":507},[61,135860,504],{"class":503},[61,135862,943],{"class":75},[61,135864,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135866,132],{"class":67},[61,135868,72],{"class":71},[61,135870,515],{"class":503},[61,135872,515],{"class":503},[61,135874,140],{"class":75},[61,135876,133614],{"class":143},[61,135878,147],{"class":75},[61,135880,4394],{"class":143},[61,135882,153],{"class":75},[61,135884,135885],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,135886,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,135888,135889,135891,135893,135895],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,135890,160],{"class":159},[61,135892,147],{"class":75},[61,135894,165],{"class":143},[61,135896,153],{"class":75},[20,135898,1598],{},[52,135900,135902],{"className":54,"code":135901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135903,135904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135905,135906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135907,135901],{"class":67},[20,135909,135910,135912],{},[15,135911,133537],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[29,135914,135915,135918,135921],{},[32,135916,135917],{},"You already have a list of strings",[32,135919,135920],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[32,135922,135923,135924,135926],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135925,2345],{}," operators",[20,135928,135929,135930,140],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[214,135931,135933],{"href":135932},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[47,135935,135937],{"id":135936},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135939,9158,135940,135942],{},[15,135941,133537],{}," is not working, check these first:",[29,135944,135945,135948,135953,135962,135968],{},[32,135946,135947],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[32,135949,135950,135951],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135952,4058],{},[32,135954,135955,135956,11372,135959],{},"You may have written ",[15,135957,135958],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135960,135961],{},"string.join(...)",[32,135963,135964,135965,135967],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135966,133537],{}," to change the original iterable",[32,135969,135970],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135972,94655],{},[52,135974,135976],{"className":54,"code":135975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135977,135978,135992,136002,136026,136066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135979,135980,135982,135984,135986,135988,135990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135981,160],{"class":159},[61,135983,147],{"class":75},[61,135985,2072],{"class":2071},[61,135987,147],{"class":75},[61,135989,8092],{"class":143},[61,135991,1761],{"class":75},[61,135993,135994,135996,135998,136000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135995,160],{"class":159},[61,135997,147],{"class":75},[61,135999,8092],{"class":143},[61,136001,153],{"class":75},[61,136003,136004,136006,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136005,160],{"class":159},[61,136007,1878],{"class":75},[61,136009,2072],{"class":2071},[61,136011,147],{"class":75},[61,136013,23586],{"class":143},[61,136015,442],{"class":75},[61,136017,4159],{"class":4158},[61,136019,6241],{"class":143},[61,136021,4165],{"class":4158},[61,136023,6246],{"class":143},[61,136025,1887],{"class":75},[61,136027,136028,136030,136032,136034,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136029,160],{"class":159},[61,136031,147],{"class":75},[61,136033,630],{"class":503},[61,136035,639],{"class":503},[61,136037,140],{"class":75},[61,136039,133614],{"class":143},[61,136041,1878],{"class":75},[61,136043,630],{"class":503},[61,136045,214],{"class":507},[61,136047,630],{"class":503},[61,136049,83],{"class":75},[61,136051,639],{"class":503},[61,136053,329],{"class":507},[61,136055,630],{"class":503},[61,136057,83],{"class":75},[61,136059,639],{"class":503},[61,136061,1071],{"class":507},[61,136063,630],{"class":503},[61,136065,3279],{"class":75},[61,136067,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,136069,160],{"class":159},[61,136071,147],{"class":75},[61,136073,630],{"class":503},[61,136075,1830],{"class":507},[61,136077,630],{"class":503},[61,136079,140],{"class":75},[61,136081,133614],{"class":143},[61,136083,147],{"class":75},[61,136085,40137],{"class":159},[61,136087,147],{"class":75},[61,136089,3724],{"class":2071},[61,136091,83],{"class":75},[61,136093,926],{"class":75},[61,136095,80],{"class":79},[61,136097,83],{"class":75},[61,136099,86],{"class":79},[61,136101,83],{"class":75},[61,136103,91],{"class":79},[61,136105,37541],{"class":75},[20,136107,136108],{},"What these checks do:",[29,136110,136111,136119,136125,136131,136140],{},[32,136112,136113,136116,136117,8380],{},[15,136114,136115],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136118,8092],{},[32,136120,136121,136124],{},[15,136122,136123],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[32,136126,136127,136130],{},[15,136128,136129],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[32,136132,136133,136136,136137,136139],{},[15,136134,136135],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136138,133537],{}," behavior",[32,136141,136142,136145],{},[15,136143,136144],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[47,136147,2109],{"id":2108},[887,136149,2113,136151,136153],{"id":136150},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136152,133537],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136155,136156,136157,136159,136160,140],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136158,133537],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136161,136162],{},"map(str, values)",[887,136164,2113,136166,57446],{"id":136165},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136167,133537],{},[20,136169,136170],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[887,136172,2133,136174,62915],{"id":136173},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136175,133537],{},[20,136177,2139,136178,136180],{},[15,136179,133537],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[887,136182,5422,136184,40238],{"id":136183},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136185,136186],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136188,136189],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[887,136191,136193,136194,136196,136197,2159],{"id":136192},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136195,3285],{}," when using ",[15,136198,133537],{},[20,136200,136201],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[47,136203,2172],{"id":2171},[29,136205,136206,136211,136217,136223,136229],{},[32,136207,136208],{},[214,136209,136210],{"href":135932},"How to join strings in Python",[32,136212,136213],{},[214,136214,126455,136215,1516],{"href":129142},[15,136216,60814],{},[32,136218,136219],{},[214,136220,13,136221,3790],{"href":42453},[15,136222,47964],{},[32,136224,136225],{},[214,136226,30623,136227],{"href":135375},[15,136228,135378],{},[32,136230,136231],{},[214,136232,125210],{"href":51257},[20,136234,97621,136235,136237],{},[15,136236,133537],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2204,136239,136240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":136242},[136243,136244,136246,136249,136256,136266,136274,136284,136291,136292,136304],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":133654,"depth":97,"text":136245},"What join() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":136247},[136248],{"id":49290,"depth":122,"text":49291},{"id":121985,"depth":97,"text":121986,"children":136250},[136251,136252,136253,136254],{"id":134001,"depth":122,"text":134002},{"id":134093,"depth":122,"text":134094},{"id":134194,"depth":122,"text":134195},{"id":134303,"depth":122,"text":136255},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134406,"depth":97,"text":134407,"children":136257},[136258,136260,136262,136264],{"id":134413,"depth":122,"text":136259},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134480,"depth":122,"text":136261},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134569,"depth":122,"text":136263},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134655,"depth":122,"text":136265},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134730,"depth":97,"text":134731,"children":136267},[136268,136269,136270,136272],{"id":134739,"depth":122,"text":134740},{"id":134822,"depth":122,"text":134823},{"id":134976,"depth":122,"text":136271},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135148,"depth":122,"text":136273},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135235,"depth":97,"text":136275,"children":136276},"Common errors with join()",[136277,136279,136281,136282],{"id":135244,"depth":122,"text":136278},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135381,"depth":122,"text":136280},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135525,"depth":122,"text":135526},{"id":135600,"depth":122,"text":136283},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135715,"depth":97,"text":136285,"children":136286},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136287,136289],{"id":135730,"depth":122,"text":136288},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135812,"depth":122,"text":136290},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135936,"depth":97,"text":135937},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":136293},[136294,136296,136298,136300,136302],{"id":136150,"depth":122,"text":136295},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136165,"depth":122,"text":136297},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136173,"depth":122,"text":136299},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136183,"depth":122,"text":136301},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136192,"depth":122,"text":136303},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133529,"description":136305},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136312,"title":136313,"body":136314,"description":137882,"extension":2249,"meta":137883,"navigation":125,"path":137884,"seo":137885,"stem":137886,"__hash__":137887},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136315,"toc":137849},[136316,136321,136326,136328,136342,136387,136394,136399,136404,136406,136422,136431,136433,136435,136450,136452,136462,136464,136526,136528,136531,136592,136594,136610,136612,136625,136628,136675,136677,136683,136686,136689,136749,136757,136843,136847,136852,136854,136868,136871,136956,136959,137017,137028,137083,137085,137092,137098,137104,137148,137151,137198,137200,137202,137209,137211,137242,137245,137247,137278,137282,137285,137287,137327,137329,137372,137378,137383,137385,137412,137417,137420,137469,137473,137476,137551,137562,137565,137622,137629,137635,137643,137648,137655,137662,137680,137682,137736,137744,137746,137751,137754,137760,137766,137771,137774,137780,137786,137793,137801,137803,137846],[10,136317,123455,136319,18],{"id":136318},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136320,124185],{},[20,136322,123460,136323,136325],{},[15,136324,124185],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136327,24363],{},[29,136329,136330,136333,136336,136339],{},[32,136331,136332],{},"convert text to lowercase",[32,136334,136335],{},"compare text without case differences",[32,136337,136338],{},"clean up user input",[32,136340,136341],{},"make simple text matching easier",[52,136343,136345],{"className":54,"code":136344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136346,136347,136360,136374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136348,136349,136351,136353,136355,136358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136350,34962],{"class":67},[61,136352,72],{"class":71},[61,136354,515],{"class":503},[61,136356,136357],{"class":507},"Hello WORLD",[61,136359,3639],{"class":503},[61,136361,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370,136372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136363,132],{"class":67},[61,136365,72],{"class":71},[61,136367,43120],{"class":67},[61,136369,140],{"class":75},[61,136371,8923],{"class":143},[61,136373,8926],{"class":75},[61,136375,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136377,160],{"class":159},[61,136379,147],{"class":75},[61,136381,165],{"class":143},[61,136383,442],{"class":75},[61,136385,136386],{"class":173},"  # hello world\n",[20,136388,136389,89238,136391,136393],{},[39,136390,84096],{},[15,136392,124185],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[47,136395,184,136397,187],{"id":136396},"what-lower-does",[15,136398,124185],{},[20,136400,136401,136403],{},[15,136402,124185],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136405,254],{},[29,136407,136408,136413,136416,136419],{},[32,136409,136410,136412],{},[15,136411,124185],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[32,136414,136415],{},"It works on string objects",[32,136417,136418],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[32,136420,136421],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136423,125207,136424,136428,136429,140],{},[214,136425,136427],{"href":136426},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[214,136430,51258],{"href":51257},[47,136432,221],{"id":220},[20,136434,2444],{},[52,136436,136438],{"className":54,"code":136437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.lower()\n",[15,136439,136440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136441,136442,136444,136446,136448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136443,61455],{"class":67},[61,136445,140],{"class":75},[61,136447,8923],{"class":143},[61,136449,8926],{"class":75},[20,136451,43929],{},[29,136453,136454,136456,136459],{},[32,136455,97798],{},[32,136457,136458],{},"You call it directly on a string",[32,136460,136461],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136463,368],{},[52,136465,136467],{"className":54,"code":136466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136468,136469,136492,136496,136509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136470,136471,136473,136475,136477,136480,136482,136484,136486,136489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136472,160],{"class":159},[61,136474,147],{"class":75},[61,136476,504],{"class":503},[61,136478,136479],{"class":507},"HELLO",[61,136481,504],{"class":503},[61,136483,140],{"class":75},[61,136485,8923],{"class":143},[61,136487,136488],{"class":75},"())",[61,136490,136491],{"class":173},"  # hello\n",[61,136493,136494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136495,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136497,136498,136500,136502,136504,136507],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136499,8159],{"class":67},[61,136501,72],{"class":71},[61,136503,515],{"class":503},[61,136505,136506],{"class":507},"PyThOn",[61,136508,3639],{"class":503},[61,136510,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136512,160],{"class":159},[61,136514,147],{"class":75},[61,136516,7949],{"class":143},[61,136518,140],{"class":75},[61,136520,8923],{"class":143},[61,136522,136488],{"class":75},[61,136524,136525],{"class":173},"  # python\n",[47,136527,483],{"id":482},[20,136529,136530],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[52,136532,136534],{"className":54,"code":136533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136535,136536,136548,136552,136567,136571,136582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136537,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136539,34962],{"class":67},[61,136541,72],{"class":71},[61,136543,515],{"class":503},[61,136545,136357],{"class":507},[61,136547,3639],{"class":503},[61,136549,136550],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136551,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136553,136554,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136555,136556],{"class":67},"lower_text ",[61,136558,72],{"class":71},[61,136560,43120],{"class":67},[61,136562,140],{"class":75},[61,136564,8923],{"class":143},[61,136566,8926],{"class":75},[61,136568,136569],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136570,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136572,136573,136575,136577,136580],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,136574,160],{"class":159},[61,136576,147],{"class":75},[61,136578,136579],{"class":143},"lower_text",[61,136581,153],{"class":75},[61,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,136585,160],{"class":159},[61,136587,147],{"class":75},[61,136589,34983],{"class":143},[61,136591,153],{"class":75},[20,136593,1598],{},[52,136595,136597],{"className":54,"code":136596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136598,136599,136603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136600,136601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136602,134471],{"class":67},[61,136604,136605,136607],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136606,131871],{"class":67},[61,136608,136609],{"class":34728},"WORLD\n",[20,136611,24883],{},[29,136613,136614,136619],{},[32,136615,136616,136618],{},[15,136617,124185],{}," returns the lowercase result",[32,136620,136621,136622,136624],{},"the original ",[15,136623,34983],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136626,136627],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[52,136629,136631],{"className":54,"code":136630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136632,136633,136645,136659,136663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136634,136635,136637,136639,136641,136643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136636,34962],{"class":67},[61,136638,72],{"class":71},[61,136640,515],{"class":503},[61,136642,136357],{"class":507},[61,136644,3639],{"class":503},[61,136646,136647,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136648,34962],{"class":67},[61,136650,72],{"class":71},[61,136652,43120],{"class":67},[61,136654,140],{"class":75},[61,136656,8923],{"class":143},[61,136658,8926],{"class":75},[61,136660,136661],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136662,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136664,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136666,160],{"class":159},[61,136668,147],{"class":75},[61,136670,34983],{"class":143},[61,136672,442],{"class":75},[61,136674,136386],{"class":173},[47,136676,17698],{"id":17697},[20,136678,136679,22252,136681,140],{},[15,136680,124185],{},[39,136682,61455],{},[20,136684,136685],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136687,136688],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[52,136690,136692],{"className":54,"code":136691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136693,136694,136708,136712,136735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136695,136696,136699,136701,136703,136706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136697,136698],{"class":67},"answer ",[61,136700,72],{"class":71},[61,136702,515],{"class":503},[61,136704,136705],{"class":507},"YES",[61,136707,3639],{"class":503},[61,136709,136710],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136711,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136713,136714,136716,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136715,7277],{"class":4158},[61,136717,136718],{"class":67}," answer",[61,136720,140],{"class":75},[61,136722,8923],{"class":143},[61,136724,7646],{"class":75},[61,136726,6688],{"class":71},[61,136728,515],{"class":503},[61,136730,8941],{"class":507},[61,136732,504],{"class":503},[61,136734,6673],{"class":75},[61,136736,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136738,8352],{"class":159},[61,136740,147],{"class":75},[61,136742,504],{"class":503},[61,136744,97110],{"class":507},[61,136746,504],{"class":503},[61,136748,153],{"class":75},[20,136750,136751,136752,192],{},"This is especially useful with ",[214,136753,136754,136755,2585],{"href":8503},"the ",[15,136756,3239],{},[52,136758,136760],{"className":54,"code":136759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136761,136762,136781,136785,136807,136822,136828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136763,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774,136777,136779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136765,136698],{"class":67},[61,136767,72],{"class":71},[61,136769,8526],{"class":159},[61,136771,147],{"class":75},[61,136773,504],{"class":503},[61,136775,136776],{"class":507},"Type yes or no: ",[61,136778,504],{"class":503},[61,136780,153],{"class":75},[61,136782,136783],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136784,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136786,136787,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136788,7277],{"class":4158},[61,136790,136718],{"class":67},[61,136792,140],{"class":75},[61,136794,8923],{"class":143},[61,136796,7646],{"class":75},[61,136798,6688],{"class":71},[61,136800,515],{"class":503},[61,136802,8941],{"class":507},[61,136804,504],{"class":503},[61,136806,6673],{"class":75},[61,136808,136809,136811,136813,136815,136818,136820],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136810,8352],{"class":159},[61,136812,147],{"class":75},[61,136814,504],{"class":503},[61,136816,136817],{"class":507},"You typed yes",[61,136819,504],{"class":503},[61,136821,153],{"class":75},[61,136823,136824,136826],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,136825,27710],{"class":4158},[61,136827,6673],{"class":75},[61,136829,136830,136832,136834,136836,136839,136841],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,136831,8352],{"class":159},[61,136833,147],{"class":75},[61,136835,504],{"class":503},[61,136837,136838],{"class":507},"You typed something else",[61,136840,504],{"class":503},[61,136842,153],{"class":75},[47,136844,136846],{"id":136845},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136848,136849,136851],{},[15,136850,124185],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136853,7623],{},[29,136855,136856,136859,136862,136865],{},[32,136857,136858],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[32,136860,136861],{},"Make text matching easier",[32,136863,136864],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[32,136866,136867],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136869,136870],{},"Example: checking user input",[52,136872,136874],{"className":54,"code":136873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136875,136876,136894,136898,136920,136935,136941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136879,45238],{"class":67},[61,136881,72],{"class":71},[61,136883,8526],{"class":159},[61,136885,147],{"class":75},[61,136887,504],{"class":503},[61,136889,45249],{"class":507},[61,136891,504],{"class":503},[61,136893,153],{"class":75},[61,136895,136896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136897,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136899,136900,136902,136904,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136901,7277],{"class":4158},[61,136903,36127],{"class":67},[61,136905,140],{"class":75},[61,136907,8923],{"class":143},[61,136909,7646],{"class":75},[61,136911,6688],{"class":71},[61,136913,515],{"class":503},[61,136915,13390],{"class":507},[61,136917,504],{"class":503},[61,136919,6673],{"class":75},[61,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136931,136933],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,136923,8352],{"class":159},[61,136925,147],{"class":75},[61,136927,504],{"class":503},[61,136929,136930],{"class":507},"Nice choice!",[61,136932,504],{"class":503},[61,136934,153],{"class":75},[61,136936,136937,136939],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,136938,27710],{"class":4158},[61,136940,6673],{"class":75},[61,136942,136943,136945,136947,136949,136952,136954],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,136944,8352],{"class":159},[61,136946,147],{"class":75},[61,136948,504],{"class":503},[61,136950,136951],{"class":507},"Got it.",[61,136953,504],{"class":503},[61,136955,153],{"class":75},[20,136957,136958],{},"Example: simple search",[52,136960,136962],{"className":54,"code":136961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136963,136964,136977,136981,137002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136965,136966,136968,136970,136972,136975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136967,90282],{"class":67},[61,136969,72],{"class":71},[61,136971,515],{"class":503},[61,136973,136974],{"class":507},"Python Is Fun",[61,136976,3639],{"class":503},[61,136978,136979],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136980,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,136982,136983,136985,136987,136989,136991,136993,136996,136998,137000],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,136984,7277],{"class":4158},[61,136986,515],{"class":503},[61,136988,56],{"class":507},[61,136990,504],{"class":503},[61,136992,21452],{"class":71},[61,136994,136995],{"class":67}," message",[61,136997,140],{"class":75},[61,136999,8923],{"class":143},[61,137001,21874],{"class":75},[61,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137013,137015],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137005,8352],{"class":159},[61,137007,147],{"class":75},[61,137009,504],{"class":503},[61,137011,137012],{"class":507},"Found it",[61,137014,504],{"class":503},[61,137016,153],{"class":75},[20,137018,137019,137020,137022,137023,192],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137021,124185],{}," is often used with ",[214,137024,137026],{"href":137025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137027,41932],{},[52,137029,137031],{"className":54,"code":137030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137032,137033,137046,137065,137069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041,137044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137036,8159],{"class":67},[61,137038,72],{"class":71},[61,137040,515],{"class":503},[61,137042,137043],{"class":507},"  ALICE  ",[61,137045,3639],{"class":503},[61,137047,137048,137051,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137049,137050],{"class":67},"clean_name ",[61,137052,72],{"class":71},[61,137054,36268],{"class":67},[61,137056,140],{"class":75},[61,137058,8917],{"class":143},[61,137060,8920],{"class":75},[61,137062,8923],{"class":143},[61,137064,8926],{"class":75},[61,137066,137067],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137068,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137070,137071,137073,137075,137078,137080],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137072,160],{"class":159},[61,137074,147],{"class":75},[61,137076,137077],{"class":143},"clean_name",[61,137079,442],{"class":75},[61,137081,137082],{"class":173},"  # alice\n",[47,137084,15877],{"id":15876},[20,137086,137087,137088,137091],{},"Strings are ",[39,137089,137090],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137093,137094,137095,137097],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137096,124185],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137099,137100,137101,137103],{},"So this does ",[39,137102,4909],{}," update the original variable:",[52,137105,137107],{"className":54,"code":137106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137108,137109,137121,137131,137135],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137110,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137112,34962],{"class":67},[61,137114,72],{"class":71},[61,137116,515],{"class":503},[61,137118,136479],{"class":507},[61,137120,3639],{"class":503},[61,137122,137123,137125,137127,137129],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137124,34983],{"class":67},[61,137126,140],{"class":75},[61,137128,8923],{"class":143},[61,137130,8926],{"class":75},[61,137132,137133],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137134,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137136,137137,137139,137141,137143,137145],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137138,160],{"class":159},[61,137140,147],{"class":75},[61,137142,34983],{"class":143},[61,137144,442],{"class":75},[61,137146,137147],{"class":173},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137149,137150],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[52,137152,137154],{"className":54,"code":137153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137155,137156,137168,137182,137186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137157,137158,137160,137162,137164,137166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137159,34962],{"class":67},[61,137161,72],{"class":71},[61,137163,515],{"class":503},[61,137165,136479],{"class":507},[61,137167,3639],{"class":503},[61,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178,137180],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137171,34962],{"class":67},[61,137173,72],{"class":71},[61,137175,43120],{"class":67},[61,137177,140],{"class":75},[61,137179,8923],{"class":143},[61,137181,8926],{"class":75},[61,137183,137184],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137185,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137187,137188,137190,137192,137194,137196],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137189,160],{"class":159},[61,137191,147],{"class":75},[61,137193,34983],{"class":143},[61,137195,442],{"class":75},[61,137197,136491],{"class":173},[47,137199,3111],{"id":3110},[887,137201,25963],{"id":25962},[20,137203,137204,137205,11372,137207,140],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137206,8923],{},[15,137208,124185],{},[20,137210,16923],{},[52,137212,137214],{"className":54,"code":137213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137215,137216,137228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137217,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137219,34962],{"class":67},[61,137221,72],{"class":71},[61,137223,515],{"class":503},[61,137225,136479],{"class":507},[61,137227,3639],{"class":503},[61,137229,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238,137240],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137231,160],{"class":159},[61,137233,147],{"class":75},[61,137235,34983],{"class":143},[61,137237,140],{"class":75},[61,137239,8923],{"class":2103},[61,137241,153],{"class":75},[20,137243,137244],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137246,16935],{},[52,137248,137250],{"className":54,"code":137249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137251,137252,137264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137253,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137255,34962],{"class":67},[61,137257,72],{"class":71},[61,137259,515],{"class":503},[61,137261,136479],{"class":507},[61,137263,3639],{"class":503},[61,137265,137266,137268,137270,137272,137274,137276],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137267,160],{"class":159},[61,137269,147],{"class":75},[61,137271,34983],{"class":143},[61,137273,140],{"class":75},[61,137275,8923],{"class":143},[61,137277,7474],{"class":75},[887,137279,137281],{"id":137280},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137283,137284],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137286,16923],{},[52,137288,137290],{"className":54,"code":137289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137291,137292,137304,137314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137293,137294,137296,137298,137300,137302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137295,34962],{"class":67},[61,137297,72],{"class":71},[61,137299,515],{"class":503},[61,137301,136479],{"class":507},[61,137303,3639],{"class":503},[61,137305,137306,137308,137310,137312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137307,34983],{"class":67},[61,137309,140],{"class":75},[61,137311,8923],{"class":143},[61,137313,8926],{"class":75},[61,137315,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137317,160],{"class":159},[61,137319,147],{"class":75},[61,137321,34983],{"class":143},[61,137323,442],{"class":75},[61,137325,137326],{"class":173},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137328,16935],{},[52,137330,137332],{"className":54,"code":137331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137333,137334,137346,137360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137337,34962],{"class":67},[61,137339,72],{"class":71},[61,137341,515],{"class":503},[61,137343,136479],{"class":507},[61,137345,3639],{"class":503},[61,137347,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137349,34962],{"class":67},[61,137351,72],{"class":71},[61,137353,43120],{"class":67},[61,137355,140],{"class":75},[61,137357,8923],{"class":143},[61,137359,8926],{"class":75},[61,137361,137362,137364,137366,137368,137370],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137363,160],{"class":159},[61,137365,147],{"class":75},[61,137367,34983],{"class":143},[61,137369,442],{"class":75},[61,137371,136491],{"class":173},[887,137373,716,137375,137377],{"id":137374},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137376,124185],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137379,137380,137382],{},[15,137381,124185],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137384,16923],{},[52,137386,137388],{"className":54,"code":137387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137389,137390,137398],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137391,137392,137394,137396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137393,2501],{"class":67},[61,137395,72],{"class":71},[61,137397,125137],{"class":79},[61,137399,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137401,160],{"class":159},[61,137403,147],{"class":75},[61,137405,2523],{"class":143},[61,137407,140],{"class":75},[61,137409,8923],{"class":143},[61,137411,7474],{"class":75},[20,137413,137414,137415,33875],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137416,124185],{},[20,137418,137419],{},"You can check the type first:",[52,137421,137423],{"className":54,"code":137422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137424,137425,137437,137441,137455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137426,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137428,34962],{"class":67},[61,137430,72],{"class":71},[61,137432,515],{"class":503},[61,137434,136479],{"class":507},[61,137436,3639],{"class":503},[61,137438,137439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137440,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137442,137443,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137444,160],{"class":159},[61,137446,147],{"class":75},[61,137448,2072],{"class":2071},[61,137450,147],{"class":75},[61,137452,34983],{"class":143},[61,137454,1761],{"class":75},[61,137456,137457,137459,137461,137463,137465,137467],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137458,160],{"class":159},[61,137460,147],{"class":75},[61,137462,34983],{"class":143},[61,137464,140],{"class":75},[61,137466,8923],{"class":143},[61,137468,7474],{"class":75},[887,137470,137472],{"id":137471},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137474,137475],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[52,137477,137479],{"className":54,"code":137478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137480,137481,137494,137498,137515,137530,137536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137484,136698],{"class":67},[61,137486,72],{"class":71},[61,137488,515],{"class":503},[61,137490,137491],{"class":507},"Yes",[61,137493,3639],{"class":503},[61,137495,137496],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137497,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137499,137500,137502,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137501,7277],{"class":4158},[61,137503,137504],{"class":67}," answer ",[61,137506,4967],{"class":71},[61,137508,515],{"class":503},[61,137510,8941],{"class":507},[61,137512,504],{"class":503},[61,137514,6673],{"class":75},[61,137516,137517,137519,137521,137523,137526,137528],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137518,8352],{"class":159},[61,137520,147],{"class":75},[61,137522,504],{"class":503},[61,137524,137525],{"class":507},"Match",[61,137527,504],{"class":503},[61,137529,153],{"class":75},[61,137531,137532,137534],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,137533,27710],{"class":4158},[61,137535,6673],{"class":75},[61,137537,137538,137540,137542,137544,137547,137549],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,137539,8352],{"class":159},[61,137541,147],{"class":75},[61,137543,504],{"class":503},[61,137545,137546],{"class":507},"No match",[61,137548,504],{"class":503},[61,137550,153],{"class":75},[20,137552,29337,137553,700,137556,137559,137560,140],{},[15,137554,137555],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137557,137558],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137561,137546],{},[20,137563,137564],{},"Better:",[52,137566,137568],{"className":54,"code":137567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137569,137570,137582,137586,137608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137571,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137573,136698],{"class":67},[61,137575,72],{"class":71},[61,137577,515],{"class":503},[61,137579,137491],{"class":507},[61,137581,3639],{"class":503},[61,137583,137584],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137585,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137587,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137589,7277],{"class":4158},[61,137591,136718],{"class":67},[61,137593,140],{"class":75},[61,137595,8923],{"class":143},[61,137597,7646],{"class":75},[61,137599,6688],{"class":71},[61,137601,515],{"class":503},[61,137603,8941],{"class":507},[61,137605,504],{"class":503},[61,137607,6673],{"class":75},[61,137609,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137611,8352],{"class":159},[61,137613,147],{"class":75},[61,137615,504],{"class":503},[61,137617,137525],{"class":507},[61,137619,504],{"class":503},[61,137621,153],{"class":75},[887,137623,44492,137625,137628],{"id":137624},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137626,137627],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137630,137631,137632,137634],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137633,124185],{}," is enough.",[20,137636,137637,137638,137640,137641,140],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137639,137627],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137642,124185],{},[20,137644,137645,137646,122697],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137647,124185],{},[47,137649,137651,1310,137653],{"id":137650},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137652,124185],{},[15,137654,128333],{},[20,137656,137657,700,137659,137661],{},[15,137658,124185],{},[15,137660,128333],{}," are very similar.",[29,137663,137664,137669,137674,137677],{},[32,137665,137666,137668],{},[15,137667,124185],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[32,137670,137671,137673],{},[15,137672,128333],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[32,137675,137676],{},"Both return new strings",[32,137678,137679],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137681,368],{},[52,137683,137685],{"className":54,"code":137684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137686,137687,137699,137703,137719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137688,137689,137691,137693,137695,137697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137690,34962],{"class":67},[61,137692,72],{"class":71},[61,137694,515],{"class":503},[61,137696,129174],{"class":507},[61,137698,3639],{"class":503},[61,137700,137701],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137702,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,137704,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137706,160],{"class":159},[61,137708,147],{"class":75},[61,137710,34983],{"class":143},[61,137712,140],{"class":75},[61,137714,8923],{"class":143},[61,137716,136488],{"class":75},[61,137718,136386],{"class":173},[61,137720,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,137722,160],{"class":159},[61,137724,147],{"class":75},[61,137726,34983],{"class":143},[61,137728,140],{"class":75},[61,137730,34752],{"class":143},[61,137732,136488],{"class":75},[61,137734,137735],{"class":173},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137737,137738,137739,140],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[214,137740,126455,137742,1516],{"href":137741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137743,128333],{},[47,137745,2109],{"id":2108},[887,137747,2113,137749,124782],{"id":137748},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137750,124185],{},[20,137752,137753],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[887,137755,2113,137757,137759],{"id":137756},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137758,124185],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137761,137762,137763,140],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137764,137765],{},"string.lower()",[887,137767,5422,137769,12996],{"id":137768},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137770,124185],{},[20,137772,137773],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[887,137775,2133,137777,137779],{"id":137776},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137778,124185],{}," on user input?",[20,137781,137782,137783,137785],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137784,3239],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[887,137787,2153,137789,700,137791,2159],{"id":137788},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137790,124185],{},[15,137792,137627],{},[20,137794,137795,137797,137798,137800],{},[15,137796,124185],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137799,137627],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[47,137802,2172],{"id":2171},[29,137804,137805,137809,137815,137821,137827,137831,137835,137841],{},[32,137806,137807],{},[214,137808,51258],{"href":51257},[32,137810,137811],{},[214,137812,126455,137813,1516],{"href":137741},[15,137814,128333],{},[32,137816,137817],{},[214,137818,126455,137819,1516],{"href":137025},[15,137820,41932],{},[32,137822,137823],{},[214,137824,126455,137825,1516],{"href":130036},[15,137826,124626],{},[32,137828,137829],{},[214,137830,124854],{"href":123710},[32,137832,137833],{},[214,137834,90958],{"href":89967},[32,137836,137837],{},[214,137838,13,137839,3790],{"href":8503},[15,137840,3239],{},[32,137842,137843],{},[214,137844,137845],{"href":136426},"What is a string in Python?",[2204,137847,137848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":137850},[137851,137853,137854,137855,137856,137857,137858,137867,137869,137881],{"id":136396,"depth":97,"text":137852},"What lower() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":136845,"depth":97,"text":136846},{"id":15876,"depth":97,"text":15877},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":137859},[137860,137861,137862,137864,137865],{"id":25962,"depth":122,"text":25963},{"id":137280,"depth":122,"text":137281},{"id":137374,"depth":122,"text":137863},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137471,"depth":122,"text":137472},{"id":137624,"depth":122,"text":137866},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137650,"depth":97,"text":137868},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":137870},[137871,137873,137875,137877,137879],{"id":137748,"depth":122,"text":137872},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137756,"depth":122,"text":137874},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137768,"depth":122,"text":137876},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137776,"depth":122,"text":137878},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137788,"depth":122,"text":137880},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136313,"description":137882},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137889,"title":137890,"body":137891,"description":139441,"extension":2249,"meta":139442,"navigation":125,"path":139443,"seo":139444,"stem":139445,"__hash__":139446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137892,"toc":139402},[137893,137898,137903,137909,137924,137926,137986,137988,137997,138003,138008,138013,138015,138029,138033,138035,138082,138084,138102,138104,138107,138178,138180,138194,138197,138209,138218,138222,138227,138232,138236,138302,138304,138313,138317,138382,138384,138393,138396,138401,138405,138410,138414,138475,138477,138486,138490,138493,138549,138551,138560,138563,138576,138578,138582,138589,138651,138653,138666,138672,138675,138682,138687,138692,138695,138703,138705,138766,138768,138777,138780,138827,138830,138877,138879,138884,138901,138908,138913,138966,138968,138976,138978,139035,139037,139045,139049,139096,139098,139106,139114,139118,139166,139168,139177,139182,139233,139235,139244,139251,139254,139275,139277,139282,139285,139289,139292,139296,139299,139326,139332,139335,139362,139367,139369,139371,139399],[10,137894,123455,137896,18],{"id":137895},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137897,124626],{},[20,137899,123460,137900,137902],{},[15,137901,124626],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137904,137905,137906,137908],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137907,124626],{},". You will learn:",[29,137910,137911,137915,137918,137921],{},[32,137912,26295,137913,187],{},[15,137914,124626],{},[32,137916,137917],{},"how its syntax works",[32,137919,137920],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[32,137922,137923],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[47,137925,50],{"id":49},[52,137927,137929],{"className":54,"code":137928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137930,137931,137944,137976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939,137942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137934,34962],{"class":67},[61,137936,72],{"class":71},[61,137938,515],{"class":503},[61,137940,137941],{"class":507},"I like cats",[61,137943,3639],{"class":503},[61,137945,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137963,137965,137967,137969,137972,137974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137947,130294],{"class":67},[61,137949,72],{"class":71},[61,137951,43120],{"class":67},[61,137953,140],{"class":75},[61,137955,35274],{"class":143},[61,137957,147],{"class":75},[61,137959,504],{"class":503},[61,137961,137962],{"class":507},"cats",[61,137964,504],{"class":503},[61,137966,83],{"class":75},[61,137968,515],{"class":503},[61,137970,137971],{"class":507},"dogs",[61,137973,504],{"class":503},[61,137975,153],{"class":75},[61,137977,137978,137980,137982,137984],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,137979,160],{"class":159},[61,137981,147],{"class":75},[61,137983,130325],{"class":143},[61,137985,153],{"class":75},[20,137987,1598],{},[52,137989,137991],{"className":54,"code":137990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like dogs\n",[15,137992,137993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137994,137995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137996,137990],{"class":67},[20,137998,1503,137999,138002],{},[15,138000,138001],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[47,138004,184,138006,187],{"id":138005},"what-replace-does",[15,138007,124626],{},[20,138009,138010,138012],{},[15,138011,124626],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138014,254],{},[29,138016,138017,138019,138021,138024],{},[32,138018,133703],{},[32,138020,136421],{},[32,138022,138023],{},"It works on exact matches",[32,138025,138026,138027],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138028,41538],{},[20,138030,125207,138031,140],{},[214,138032,125210],{"href":51257},[47,138034,5711],{"id":5710},[52,138036,138038],{"className":54,"code":138037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138039,138040,138060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138041,138042,138044,138046,138048,138050,138053,138055,138058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138043,61455],{"class":67},[61,138045,140],{"class":75},[61,138047,35274],{"class":143},[61,138049,147],{"class":75},[61,138051,138052],{"class":143},"old",[61,138054,83],{"class":75},[61,138056,138057],{"class":143}," new",[61,138059,153],{"class":75},[61,138061,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138063,61455],{"class":67},[61,138065,140],{"class":75},[61,138067,35274],{"class":143},[61,138069,147],{"class":75},[61,138071,138052],{"class":143},[61,138073,83],{"class":75},[61,138075,138057],{"class":143},[61,138077,83],{"class":75},[61,138079,49883],{"class":143},[61,138081,153],{"class":75},[887,138083,17674],{"id":17673},[29,138085,138086,138091,138097],{},[32,138087,138088,138090],{},[15,138089,138052],{}," = the text to find",[32,138092,138093,138096],{},[15,138094,138095],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[32,138098,138099,138101],{},[15,138100,41538],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[47,138103,6067],{"id":6066},[20,138105,138106],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[52,138108,138110],{"className":54,"code":138109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138111,138112,138124,138154,138158,138168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138115,34962],{"class":67},[61,138117,72],{"class":71},[61,138119,515],{"class":503},[61,138121,137941],{"class":507},[61,138123,3639],{"class":503},[61,138125,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138127,130294],{"class":67},[61,138129,72],{"class":71},[61,138131,43120],{"class":67},[61,138133,140],{"class":75},[61,138135,35274],{"class":143},[61,138137,147],{"class":75},[61,138139,504],{"class":503},[61,138141,137962],{"class":507},[61,138143,504],{"class":503},[61,138145,83],{"class":75},[61,138147,515],{"class":503},[61,138149,137971],{"class":507},[61,138151,504],{"class":503},[61,138153,153],{"class":75},[61,138155,138156],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138157,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138159,138160,138162,138164,138166],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138161,160],{"class":159},[61,138163,147],{"class":75},[61,138165,34983],{"class":143},[61,138167,153],{"class":75},[61,138169,138170,138172,138174,138176],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,138171,160],{"class":159},[61,138173,147],{"class":75},[61,138175,130325],{"class":143},[61,138177,153],{"class":75},[20,138179,1598],{},[52,138181,138183],{"className":54,"code":138182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138184,138185,138190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138186,138187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138188,138189],{"class":67},"I like cats\n",[61,138191,138192],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138193,137990],{"class":67},[20,138195,138196],{},"Notice what happened:",[29,138198,138199,138204],{},[32,138200,138201,138203],{},[15,138202,34983],{}," did not change",[32,138205,138206,138208],{},[15,138207,130325],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138210,138211,138212,138214,138215,138217],{},"This happens because strings are ",[39,138213,137090],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138216,124626],{}," return a new string instead.",[47,138219,138221],{"id":138220},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138223,89976,138224,138226],{},[15,138225,124626],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138228,138229,138230,36898],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138231,41538],{},[887,138233,138235],{"id":138234},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[52,138237,138239],{"className":54,"code":138238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138240,138241,138254,138288,138292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138242,138243,138245,138247,138249,138252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138244,34962],{"class":67},[61,138246,72],{"class":71},[61,138248,515],{"class":503},[61,138250,138251],{"class":507},"cat cat cat",[61,138253,3639],{"class":503},[61,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138257,132],{"class":67},[61,138259,72],{"class":71},[61,138261,43120],{"class":67},[61,138263,140],{"class":75},[61,138265,35274],{"class":143},[61,138267,147],{"class":75},[61,138269,504],{"class":503},[61,138271,1218],{"class":507},[61,138273,504],{"class":503},[61,138275,83],{"class":75},[61,138277,515],{"class":503},[61,138279,1787],{"class":507},[61,138281,504],{"class":503},[61,138283,83],{"class":75},[61,138285,1720],{"class":79},[61,138287,153],{"class":75},[61,138289,138290],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138291,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138295,160],{"class":159},[61,138297,147],{"class":75},[61,138299,165],{"class":143},[61,138301,153],{"class":75},[20,138303,1598],{},[52,138305,138307],{"className":54,"code":138306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138308,138309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138310,138311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138312,138306],{"class":67},[887,138314,138316],{"id":138315},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[52,138318,138320],{"className":54,"code":138319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138321,138322,138334,138368,138372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138323,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138325,34962],{"class":67},[61,138327,72],{"class":71},[61,138329,515],{"class":503},[61,138331,138251],{"class":507},[61,138333,3639],{"class":503},[61,138335,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138337,132],{"class":67},[61,138339,72],{"class":71},[61,138341,43120],{"class":67},[61,138343,140],{"class":75},[61,138345,35274],{"class":143},[61,138347,147],{"class":75},[61,138349,504],{"class":503},[61,138351,1218],{"class":507},[61,138353,504],{"class":503},[61,138355,83],{"class":75},[61,138357,515],{"class":503},[61,138359,1787],{"class":507},[61,138361,504],{"class":503},[61,138363,83],{"class":75},[61,138365,86],{"class":79},[61,138367,153],{"class":75},[61,138369,138370],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138371,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138373,138374,138376,138378,138380],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138375,160],{"class":159},[61,138377,147],{"class":75},[61,138379,165],{"class":143},[61,138381,153],{"class":75},[20,138383,1598],{},[52,138385,138387],{"className":54,"code":138386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138388,138389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138390,138391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138392,138386],{"class":67},[20,138394,138395],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138397,138398,138399,140],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[214,138400,128179],{"href":124623},[47,138402,138404],{"id":138403},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138406,138407,138409],{},[15,138408,124626],{}," can also change single characters.",[887,138411,138413],{"id":138412},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[52,138415,138417],{"className":54,"code":138416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138418,138419,138431,138461,138465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138420,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138422,34962],{"class":67},[61,138424,72],{"class":71},[61,138426,515],{"class":503},[61,138428,518],{"class":507},[61,138430,3639],{"class":503},[61,138432,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138434,132],{"class":67},[61,138436,72],{"class":71},[61,138438,43120],{"class":67},[61,138440,140],{"class":75},[61,138442,35274],{"class":143},[61,138444,147],{"class":75},[61,138446,504],{"class":503},[61,138448,214],{"class":507},[61,138450,504],{"class":503},[61,138452,83],{"class":75},[61,138454,515],{"class":503},[61,138456,60756],{"class":507},[61,138458,504],{"class":503},[61,138460,153],{"class":75},[61,138462,138463],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138464,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138466,138467,138469,138471,138473],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138468,160],{"class":159},[61,138470,147],{"class":75},[61,138472,165],{"class":143},[61,138474,153],{"class":75},[20,138476,1598],{},[52,138478,138480],{"className":54,"code":138479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bonono\n",[15,138481,138482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138483,138484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138485,138479],{"class":67},[887,138487,138489],{"id":138488},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138491,138492],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[52,138494,138496],{"className":54,"code":138495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138497,138498,138511,138535,138539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138499,138500,138502,138504,138506,138509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138501,34962],{"class":67},[61,138503,72],{"class":71},[61,138505,515],{"class":503},[61,138507,138508],{"class":507},"a b c",[61,138510,3639],{"class":503},[61,138512,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138514,132],{"class":67},[61,138516,72],{"class":71},[61,138518,43120],{"class":67},[61,138520,140],{"class":75},[61,138522,35274],{"class":143},[61,138524,147],{"class":75},[61,138526,504],{"class":503},[61,138528,515],{"class":503},[61,138530,83],{"class":75},[61,138532,6407],{"class":503},[61,138534,153],{"class":75},[61,138536,138537],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138538,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138540,138541,138543,138545,138547],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138542,160],{"class":159},[61,138544,147],{"class":75},[61,138546,165],{"class":143},[61,138548,153],{"class":75},[20,138550,1598],{},[52,138552,138554],{"className":54,"code":138553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abc\n",[15,138555,138556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138557,138558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138559,138553],{"class":67},[20,138561,138562],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138564,138565,138566,138570,138571,138575],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[214,138567,126455,138568,1516],{"href":129142},[15,138569,60814],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[214,138572,126455,138573,1516],{"href":137025},[15,138574,41932],{}," is often a better choice.",[47,138577,124102],{"id":124101},[20,138579,138580,123913],{},[15,138581,124626],{},[20,138583,127500,138584,700,138586,127507],{},[15,138585,1286],{},[15,138587,138588],{},"\"Cat\"",[52,138590,138592],{"className":54,"code":138591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138593,138594,138607,138637,138641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138595,138596,138598,138600,138602,138605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138597,34962],{"class":67},[61,138599,72],{"class":71},[61,138601,515],{"class":503},[61,138603,138604],{"class":507},"Cat cat CAT",[61,138606,3639],{"class":503},[61,138608,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138610,132],{"class":67},[61,138612,72],{"class":71},[61,138614,43120],{"class":67},[61,138616,140],{"class":75},[61,138618,35274],{"class":143},[61,138620,147],{"class":75},[61,138622,504],{"class":503},[61,138624,1218],{"class":507},[61,138626,504],{"class":503},[61,138628,83],{"class":75},[61,138630,515],{"class":503},[61,138632,1787],{"class":507},[61,138634,504],{"class":503},[61,138636,153],{"class":75},[61,138638,138639],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138640,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138642,138643,138645,138647,138649],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138644,160],{"class":159},[61,138646,147],{"class":75},[61,138648,165],{"class":143},[61,138650,153],{"class":75},[20,138652,1598],{},[52,138654,138656],{"className":54,"code":138655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138657,138658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138659,138660,138663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138661,138662],{"class":67},"Cat dog ",[61,138664,138665],{"class":34728},"CAT\n",[20,138667,138668,138669,138671],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138670,1286],{}," was replaced.",[20,138673,138674],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138676,138677,138678,140],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[214,138679,126455,138680,1516],{"href":124182},[15,138681,124185],{},[47,138683,184,138685,11985],{"id":138684},"what-replace-returns",[15,138686,124626],{},[20,138688,138689,138691],{},[15,138690,124626],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138693,138694],{},"If no match is found:",[29,138696,138697,138700],{},[32,138698,138699],{},"no error happens",[32,138701,138702],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138704,368],{},[52,138706,138708],{"className":54,"code":138707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138709,138710,138722,138752,138756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138711,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138713,34962],{"class":67},[61,138715,72],{"class":71},[61,138717,515],{"class":503},[61,138719,4126],{"class":507},[61,138721,3639],{"class":503},[61,138723,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138725,132],{"class":67},[61,138727,72],{"class":71},[61,138729,43120],{"class":67},[61,138731,140],{"class":75},[61,138733,35274],{"class":143},[61,138735,147],{"class":75},[61,138737,504],{"class":503},[61,138739,2458],{"class":507},[61,138741,504],{"class":503},[61,138743,83],{"class":75},[61,138745,515],{"class":503},[61,138747,12025],{"class":507},[61,138749,504],{"class":503},[61,138751,153],{"class":75},[61,138753,138754],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138755,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,138759,160],{"class":159},[61,138761,147],{"class":75},[61,138763,165],{"class":143},[61,138765,153],{"class":75},[20,138767,1598],{},[52,138769,138771],{"className":54,"code":138770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello\n",[15,138772,138773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138774,138775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138776,138770],{"class":67},[20,138778,138779],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[52,138781,138783],{"className":54,"code":138782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138784,138785,138797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138786,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138788,34962],{"class":67},[61,138790,72],{"class":71},[61,138792,515],{"class":503},[61,138794,60689],{"class":507},[61,138796,3639],{"class":503},[61,138798,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138800,130294],{"class":67},[61,138802,72],{"class":71},[61,138804,43120],{"class":67},[61,138806,140],{"class":75},[61,138808,35274],{"class":143},[61,138810,147],{"class":75},[61,138812,504],{"class":503},[61,138814,60874],{"class":507},[61,138816,504],{"class":503},[61,138818,83],{"class":75},[61,138820,515],{"class":503},[61,138822,7577],{"class":507},[61,138824,504],{"class":503},[61,138826,153],{"class":75},[20,138828,138829],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[52,138831,138833],{"className":54,"code":138832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138834,138835,138847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138836,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138838,34962],{"class":67},[61,138840,72],{"class":71},[61,138842,515],{"class":503},[61,138844,60689],{"class":507},[61,138846,3639],{"class":503},[61,138848,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138850,34962],{"class":67},[61,138852,72],{"class":71},[61,138854,43120],{"class":67},[61,138856,140],{"class":75},[61,138858,35274],{"class":143},[61,138860,147],{"class":75},[61,138862,504],{"class":503},[61,138864,60874],{"class":507},[61,138866,504],{"class":503},[61,138868,83],{"class":75},[61,138870,515],{"class":503},[61,138872,7577],{"class":507},[61,138874,504],{"class":503},[61,138876,153],{"class":75},[47,138878,1520],{"id":1519},[20,138880,138881,138882,192],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138883,124626],{},[29,138885,138886,138889,138893,138896],{},[32,138887,138888],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[32,138890,1524,138891,131675],{},[15,138892,124626],{},[32,138894,138895],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[32,138897,37480,138898,138900],{},[15,138899,124626],{}," with regex-based replacements",[887,138902,138904,138905,138907],{"id":138903},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138906,124626],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138909,138910,138911,192],{},"This does not update ",[15,138912,34983],{},[52,138914,138916],{"className":54,"code":138915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138917,138918,138930,138956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138919,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138921,34962],{"class":67},[61,138923,72],{"class":71},[61,138925,515],{"class":503},[61,138927,137941],{"class":507},[61,138929,3639],{"class":503},[61,138931,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138933,34983],{"class":67},[61,138935,140],{"class":75},[61,138937,35274],{"class":143},[61,138939,147],{"class":75},[61,138941,504],{"class":503},[61,138943,137962],{"class":507},[61,138945,504],{"class":503},[61,138947,83],{"class":75},[61,138949,515],{"class":503},[61,138951,137971],{"class":507},[61,138953,504],{"class":503},[61,138955,153],{"class":75},[61,138957,138958,138960,138962,138964],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,138959,160],{"class":159},[61,138961,147],{"class":75},[61,138963,34983],{"class":143},[61,138965,153],{"class":75},[20,138967,1598],{},[52,138969,138970],{"className":54,"code":138189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,138971,138972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138973,138974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138975,138189],{"class":67},[20,138977,11087],{},[52,138979,138981],{"className":54,"code":138980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138982,138983,138995,139025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138984,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138986,34962],{"class":67},[61,138988,72],{"class":71},[61,138990,515],{"class":503},[61,138992,137941],{"class":507},[61,138994,3639],{"class":503},[61,138996,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138998,34962],{"class":67},[61,139000,72],{"class":71},[61,139002,43120],{"class":67},[61,139004,140],{"class":75},[61,139006,35274],{"class":143},[61,139008,147],{"class":75},[61,139010,504],{"class":503},[61,139012,137962],{"class":507},[61,139014,504],{"class":503},[61,139016,83],{"class":75},[61,139018,515],{"class":503},[61,139020,137971],{"class":507},[61,139022,504],{"class":503},[61,139024,153],{"class":75},[61,139026,139027,139029,139031,139033],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,139028,160],{"class":159},[61,139030,147],{"class":75},[61,139032,34983],{"class":143},[61,139034,153],{"class":75},[20,139036,1598],{},[52,139038,139039],{"className":54,"code":137990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,139040,139041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139042,139043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139044,137990],{"class":67},[887,139046,139048],{"id":139047},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[52,139050,139052],{"className":54,"code":139051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139053,139054,139066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139055,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139057,34962],{"class":67},[61,139059,72],{"class":71},[61,139061,515],{"class":503},[61,139063,35142],{"class":507},[61,139065,3639],{"class":503},[61,139067,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139069,160],{"class":159},[61,139071,147],{"class":75},[61,139073,34983],{"class":143},[61,139075,140],{"class":75},[61,139077,35274],{"class":143},[61,139079,147],{"class":75},[61,139081,504],{"class":503},[61,139083,4126],{"class":507},[61,139085,504],{"class":503},[61,139087,83],{"class":75},[61,139089,515],{"class":503},[61,139091,90211],{"class":507},[61,139093,504],{"class":503},[61,139095,1761],{"class":75},[20,139097,1598],{},[52,139099,139100],{"className":54,"code":89224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,139101,139102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139103,139104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139105,89224],{"class":67},[20,139107,139108,139109,700,139111,139113],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139110,64814],{},[15,139112,90693],{}," are not the same.",[887,139115,139117],{"id":139116},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[52,139119,139121],{"className":54,"code":139120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139122,139123,139136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139124,139125,139127,139129,139131,139134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139126,34962],{"class":67},[61,139128,72],{"class":71},[61,139130,515],{"class":503},[61,139132,139133],{"class":507},"red red red",[61,139135,3639],{"class":503},[61,139137,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162,139164],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139139,160],{"class":159},[61,139141,147],{"class":75},[61,139143,34983],{"class":143},[61,139145,140],{"class":75},[61,139147,35274],{"class":143},[61,139149,147],{"class":75},[61,139151,504],{"class":503},[61,139153,13373],{"class":507},[61,139155,504],{"class":503},[61,139157,83],{"class":75},[61,139159,515],{"class":503},[61,139161,13390],{"class":507},[61,139163,504],{"class":503},[61,139165,1761],{"class":75},[20,139167,1598],{},[52,139169,139171],{"className":54,"code":139170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139172,139173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139174,139175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139176,139170],{"class":67},[20,139178,139179,139180,192],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139181,41538],{},[52,139183,139185],{"className":54,"code":139184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139186,139187,139199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139188,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139190,34962],{"class":67},[61,139192,72],{"class":71},[61,139194,515],{"class":503},[61,139196,139133],{"class":507},[61,139198,3639],{"class":503},[61,139200,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139202,160],{"class":159},[61,139204,147],{"class":75},[61,139206,34983],{"class":143},[61,139208,140],{"class":75},[61,139210,35274],{"class":143},[61,139212,147],{"class":75},[61,139214,504],{"class":503},[61,139216,13373],{"class":507},[61,139218,504],{"class":503},[61,139220,83],{"class":75},[61,139222,515],{"class":503},[61,139224,13390],{"class":507},[61,139226,504],{"class":503},[61,139228,83],{"class":75},[61,139230,1720],{"class":79},[61,139232,1761],{"class":75},[20,139234,1598],{},[52,139236,139238],{"className":54,"code":139237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue red red\n",[15,139239,139240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139241,139242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139243,139237],{"class":67},[887,139245,139247,139248,139250],{"id":139246},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139249,124626],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139252,139253],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[29,139255,139256,139263,139270],{},[32,139257,1503,139258,139262],{},[214,139259,139260],{"href":129142},[15,139261,60814],{}," to break a string into a list",[32,139264,1503,139265,139269],{},[214,139266,139267],{"href":137025},[15,139268,41932],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[32,139271,1503,139272,139274],{},[15,139273,124626],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[47,139276,2109],{"id":2108},[887,139278,2113,139280,124782],{"id":139279},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139281,124626],{},[20,139283,139284],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[887,139286,139288],{"id":139287},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139290,139291],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[887,139293,139295],{"id":139294},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139297,139298],{},"Use the third argument:",[52,139300,139302],{"className":54,"code":139301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139303,139304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139305,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139307,34983],{"class":67},[61,139309,140],{"class":75},[61,139311,35274],{"class":143},[61,139313,147],{"class":75},[61,139315,138052],{"class":143},[61,139317,83],{"class":75},[61,139319,138057],{"class":143},[61,139321,83],{"class":75},[61,139323,1720],{"class":79},[61,139325,153],{"class":75},[887,139327,2123,139329,139331],{"id":139328},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139330,124626],{}," remove text?",[20,139333,139334],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[52,139336,139338],{"className":54,"code":139337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139339,139340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139341,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356,139358,139360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139343,34983],{"class":67},[61,139345,140],{"class":75},[61,139347,35274],{"class":143},[61,139349,147],{"class":75},[61,139351,504],{"class":503},[61,139353,2458],{"class":507},[61,139355,504],{"class":503},[61,139357,83],{"class":75},[61,139359,6407],{"class":503},[61,139361,153],{"class":75},[887,139363,15184,139365,124791],{"id":139364},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139366,124626],{},[20,139368,129984],{},[47,139370,2172],{"id":2171},[29,139372,139373,139377,139383,139389,139395],{},[32,139374,139375],{},[214,139376,124861],{"href":124623},[32,139378,139379],{},[214,139380,126455,139381,1516],{"href":129142},[15,139382,60814],{},[32,139384,139385],{},[214,139386,126455,139387,1516],{"href":137025},[15,139388,41932],{},[32,139390,139391],{},[214,139392,126455,139393,1516],{"href":124182},[15,139394,124185],{},[32,139396,139397],{},[214,139398,125210],{"href":51257},[2204,139400,139401],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":139403},[139404,139405,139407,139410,139411,139415,139419,139420,139422,139430,139440],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":138005,"depth":97,"text":139406},"What replace() does",{"id":5710,"depth":97,"text":5711,"children":139408},[139409],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":6066,"depth":97,"text":6067},{"id":138220,"depth":97,"text":138221,"children":139412},[139413,139414],{"id":138234,"depth":122,"text":138235},{"id":138315,"depth":122,"text":138316},{"id":138403,"depth":97,"text":138404,"children":139416},[139417,139418],{"id":138412,"depth":122,"text":138413},{"id":138488,"depth":122,"text":138489},{"id":124101,"depth":97,"text":124102},{"id":138684,"depth":97,"text":139421},"What replace() returns",{"id":1519,"depth":97,"text":1520,"children":139423},[139424,139426,139427,139428],{"id":138903,"depth":122,"text":139425},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139047,"depth":122,"text":139048},{"id":139116,"depth":122,"text":139117},{"id":139246,"depth":122,"text":139429},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":139431},[139432,139434,139435,139436,139438],{"id":139279,"depth":122,"text":139433},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139287,"depth":122,"text":139288},{"id":139294,"depth":122,"text":139295},{"id":139328,"depth":122,"text":139437},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139364,"depth":122,"text":139439},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137890,"description":139441},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139448,"title":139449,"body":139450,"description":141469,"extension":2249,"meta":141470,"navigation":125,"path":141471,"seo":141472,"stem":141473,"__hash__":141474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139451,"toc":141433},[139452,139457,139462,139465,139476,139478,139533,139538,139543,139550,139552,139567,139569,139625,139627,139665,139670,139672,139696,139699,139712,139717,139719,139751,139753,139786,139792,139797,139800,139810,139813,139815,139871,139873,139923,139926,139934,139937,139993,139995,140068,140081,140089,140093,140104,140107,140110,140163,140165,140197,140200,140254,140256,140291,140294,140299,140304,140309,140312,140314,140372,140374,140408,140410,140425,140428,140430,140472,140474,140500,140505,140513,140516,140518,140600,140602,140653,140656,140667,140675,140677,140750,140752,140770,140774,140777,140781,140808,140810,140818,140822,140857,140859,140872,140876,140879,140918,140920,140937,140942,140947,140958,140961,140972,140974,140976,141002,141005,141054,141056,141073,141076,141078,141130,141132,141164,141167,141225,141230,141232,141237,141340,141342,141356,141358,141365,141370,141375,141380,141385,141390,141393,141397,141402,141404,141430],[10,139453,123455,139455,18],{"id":139454},"python-string-split-method",[15,139456,60814],{},[20,139458,123460,139459,139461],{},[15,139460,60814],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139463,139464],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[29,139466,139467,139470,139473],{},[32,139468,139469],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[32,139471,139472],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[32,139474,139475],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[47,139477,50],{"id":49},[52,139479,139481],{"className":54,"code":139480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139482,139483,139496,139518,139528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139484,139485,139487,139489,139491,139494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139486,34962],{"class":67},[61,139488,72],{"class":71},[61,139490,515],{"class":503},[61,139492,139493],{"class":507},"apple,banana,cherry",[61,139495,3639],{"class":503},[61,139497,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139499,43115],{"class":67},[61,139501,72],{"class":71},[61,139503,43120],{"class":67},[61,139505,140],{"class":75},[61,139507,34743],{"class":143},[61,139509,147],{"class":75},[61,139511,504],{"class":503},[61,139513,83],{"class":507},[61,139515,504],{"class":503},[61,139517,153],{"class":75},[61,139519,139520,139522,139524,139526],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,139521,160],{"class":159},[61,139523,147],{"class":75},[61,139525,43147],{"class":143},[61,139527,153],{"class":75},[61,139529,139530],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,139531,139532],{"class":173},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139534,1503,139535,139537],{},[15,139536,60814],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[47,139539,184,139541,187],{"id":139540},"what-split-does",[15,139542,60814],{},[20,139544,139545,132503,139547,140],{},[15,139546,60814],{},[39,139548,139549],{},"string method",[20,139551,49208],{},[29,139553,139554,139557,139562],{},[32,139555,139556],{},"divides a string into parts",[32,139558,119757,139559],{},[39,139560,139561],{},"new list of strings",[32,139563,119763,139564,139566],{},[39,139565,4909],{}," change the original string",[20,139568,368],{},[52,139570,139572],{"className":54,"code":139571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139573,139574,139587,139601,139605,139615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139577,34962],{"class":67},[61,139579,72],{"class":71},[61,139581,515],{"class":503},[61,139583,139584],{"class":507},"red blue green",[61,139586,3639],{"class":503},[61,139588,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139590,43115],{"class":67},[61,139592,72],{"class":71},[61,139594,43120],{"class":67},[61,139596,140],{"class":75},[61,139598,34743],{"class":143},[61,139600,8926],{"class":75},[61,139602,139603],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,139604,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,139606,139607,139609,139611,139613],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,139608,160],{"class":159},[61,139610,147],{"class":75},[61,139612,34983],{"class":143},[61,139614,153],{"class":75},[61,139616,139617,139619,139621,139623],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,139618,160],{"class":159},[61,139620,147],{"class":75},[61,139622,43147],{"class":143},[61,139624,153],{"class":75},[20,139626,1598],{},[52,139628,139630],{"className":54,"code":139629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139631,139632,139637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139633,139634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139635,139636],{"class":67},"red blue green\n",[61,139638,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139640,4182],{"class":75},[61,139642,630],{"class":503},[61,139644,13373],{"class":507},[61,139646,630],{"class":503},[61,139648,83],{"class":75},[61,139650,639],{"class":503},[61,139652,13390],{"class":507},[61,139654,630],{"class":503},[61,139656,83],{"class":75},[61,139658,639],{"class":503},[61,139660,17735],{"class":507},[61,139662,630],{"class":503},[61,139664,943],{"class":75},[20,139666,139667,139668,140],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[214,139669,125210],{"href":51257},[47,139671,221],{"id":220},[52,139673,139675],{"className":54,"code":139674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139676,139677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139678,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139680,61455],{"class":67},[61,139682,140],{"class":75},[61,139684,34743],{"class":143},[61,139686,147],{"class":75},[61,139688,133859],{"class":143},[61,139690,83],{"class":75},[61,139692,139693],{"class":143}," maxsplit",[61,139695,153],{"class":75},[20,139697,139698],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[29,139700,139701,139706],{},[32,139702,139703,139705],{},[15,139704,133859],{}," tells Python where to split",[32,139707,139708,139711],{},[15,139709,139710],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139713,9158,139714,139716],{},[15,139715,133859],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139718,368],{},[52,139720,139722],{"className":54,"code":139721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139723,139724,139737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139725,139726,139728,139730,139732,139735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139727,34962],{"class":67},[61,139729,72],{"class":71},[61,139731,515],{"class":503},[61,139733,139734],{"class":507},"one two three",[61,139736,3639],{"class":503},[61,139738,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139740,160],{"class":159},[61,139742,147],{"class":75},[61,139744,34983],{"class":143},[61,139746,140],{"class":75},[61,139748,34743],{"class":143},[61,139750,7474],{"class":75},[20,139752,1598],{},[52,139754,139756],{"className":54,"code":139755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139757,139758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139759,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139761,4182],{"class":75},[61,139763,630],{"class":503},[61,139765,6864],{"class":507},[61,139767,630],{"class":503},[61,139769,83],{"class":75},[61,139771,639],{"class":503},[61,139773,79547],{"class":507},[61,139775,630],{"class":503},[61,139777,83],{"class":75},[61,139779,639],{"class":503},[61,139781,134341],{"class":507},[61,139783,630],{"class":503},[61,139785,943],{"class":75},[47,139787,716,139789,139791],{"id":139788},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139790,60814],{}," with no separator",[20,139793,70450,139794,139796],{},[15,139795,60814],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139798,139799],{},"Whitespace includes:",[29,139801,139802,139804,139807],{},[32,139803,10733],{},[32,139805,139806],{},"tabs",[32,139808,139809],{},"new lines",[20,139811,139812],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139814,368],{},[52,139816,139818],{"className":54,"code":139817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139819,139820,139843,139857,139861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828,139831,139834,139836,139838,139841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139823,34962],{"class":67},[61,139825,72],{"class":71},[61,139827,515],{"class":503},[61,139829,139830],{"class":507},"Python   is",[61,139832,139833],{"class":34728},"\\t",[61,139835,133595],{"class":507},[61,139837,87428],{"class":34728},[61,139839,139840],{"class":507},"and useful",[61,139842,3639],{"class":503},[61,139844,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139846,43115],{"class":67},[61,139848,72],{"class":71},[61,139850,43120],{"class":67},[61,139852,140],{"class":75},[61,139854,34743],{"class":143},[61,139856,8926],{"class":75},[61,139858,139859],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,139860,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,139864,160],{"class":159},[61,139866,147],{"class":75},[61,139868,43147],{"class":143},[61,139870,153],{"class":75},[20,139872,1598],{},[52,139874,139876],{"className":54,"code":139875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139877,139878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139879,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139919,139921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139881,4182],{"class":75},[61,139883,630],{"class":503},[61,139885,7577],{"class":507},[61,139887,630],{"class":503},[61,139889,83],{"class":75},[61,139891,639],{"class":503},[61,139893,12474],{"class":507},[61,139895,630],{"class":503},[61,139897,83],{"class":75},[61,139899,639],{"class":503},[61,139901,133595],{"class":507},[61,139903,630],{"class":503},[61,139905,83],{"class":75},[61,139907,639],{"class":503},[61,139909,130220],{"class":507},[61,139911,630],{"class":503},[61,139913,83],{"class":75},[61,139915,639],{"class":503},[61,139917,139918],{"class":507},"useful",[61,139920,630],{"class":503},[61,139922,943],{"class":75},[20,139924,139925],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[887,139927,139929,1310,139931],{"id":139928},"split-vs-split",[15,139930,60814],{},[15,139932,139933],{},"split(' ')",[20,139935,139936],{},"These are not the same.",[52,139938,139940],{"className":54,"code":139939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139941,139942,139955,139959,139973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139943,139944,139946,139948,139950,139953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139945,34962],{"class":67},[61,139947,72],{"class":71},[61,139949,515],{"class":503},[61,139951,139952],{"class":507},"a  b   c",[61,139954,3639],{"class":503},[61,139956,139957],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139958,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,139962,160],{"class":159},[61,139964,147],{"class":75},[61,139966,34983],{"class":143},[61,139968,140],{"class":75},[61,139970,34743],{"class":143},[61,139972,7474],{"class":75},[61,139974,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,139976,160],{"class":159},[61,139978,147],{"class":75},[61,139980,34983],{"class":143},[61,139982,140],{"class":75},[61,139984,34743],{"class":143},[61,139986,147],{"class":75},[61,139988,504],{"class":503},[61,139990,515],{"class":503},[61,139992,1761],{"class":75},[20,139994,1598],{},[52,139996,139998],{"className":54,"code":139997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139999,140000,140028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140001,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140003,4182],{"class":75},[61,140005,630],{"class":503},[61,140007,214],{"class":507},[61,140009,630],{"class":503},[61,140011,83],{"class":75},[61,140013,639],{"class":503},[61,140015,329],{"class":507},[61,140017,630],{"class":503},[61,140019,83],{"class":75},[61,140021,639],{"class":503},[61,140023,1071],{"class":507},[61,140025,630],{"class":503},[61,140027,943],{"class":75},[61,140029,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140031,4182],{"class":75},[61,140033,630],{"class":503},[61,140035,214],{"class":507},[61,140037,630],{"class":503},[61,140039,83],{"class":75},[61,140041,4119],{"class":503},[61,140043,83],{"class":75},[61,140045,639],{"class":503},[61,140047,329],{"class":507},[61,140049,630],{"class":503},[61,140051,83],{"class":75},[61,140053,4119],{"class":503},[61,140055,83],{"class":75},[61,140057,4119],{"class":503},[61,140059,83],{"class":75},[61,140061,639],{"class":503},[61,140063,1071],{"class":507},[61,140065,630],{"class":503},[61,140067,943],{"class":75},[29,140069,140070,140075],{},[32,140071,140072,140074],{},[15,140073,60814],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[32,140076,140077,140080],{},[15,140078,140079],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140082,140083,140084,140088],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[214,140085,126455,140086,1516],{"href":137025},[15,140087,41932],{}," is often useful.",[47,140090,140092],{"id":140091},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140094,140095,140096,1830,140099,2477,140101,140],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140097,140098],{},"\",\"",[15,140100,133694],{},[15,140102,140103],{},"\"::\"",[20,140105,140106],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140108,140109],{},"Example with commas:",[52,140111,140113],{"className":54,"code":140112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140114,140115,140127,140149,140153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140116,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140118,34962],{"class":67},[61,140120,72],{"class":71},[61,140122,515],{"class":503},[61,140124,139493],{"class":507},[61,140126,3639],{"class":503},[61,140128,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140130,43115],{"class":67},[61,140132,72],{"class":71},[61,140134,43120],{"class":67},[61,140136,140],{"class":75},[61,140138,34743],{"class":143},[61,140140,147],{"class":75},[61,140142,504],{"class":503},[61,140144,83],{"class":507},[61,140146,504],{"class":503},[61,140148,153],{"class":75},[61,140150,140151],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140152,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,140154,140155,140157,140159,140161],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,140156,160],{"class":159},[61,140158,147],{"class":75},[61,140160,43147],{"class":143},[61,140162,153],{"class":75},[20,140164,1598],{},[52,140166,140167],{"className":54,"code":78726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,140168,140169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140170,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140172,4182],{"class":75},[61,140174,630],{"class":503},[61,140176,508],{"class":507},[61,140178,630],{"class":503},[61,140180,83],{"class":75},[61,140182,639],{"class":503},[61,140184,518],{"class":507},[61,140186,630],{"class":503},[61,140188,83],{"class":75},[61,140190,639],{"class":503},[61,140192,4377],{"class":507},[61,140194,630],{"class":503},[61,140196,943],{"class":75},[20,140198,140199],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[52,140201,140203],{"className":54,"code":140202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140204,140205,140218,140240,140244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140206,140207,140209,140211,140213,140216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140208,34962],{"class":67},[61,140210,72],{"class":71},[61,140212,515],{"class":503},[61,140214,140215],{"class":507},"2024::10::31",[61,140217,3639],{"class":503},[61,140219,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140221,43115],{"class":67},[61,140223,72],{"class":71},[61,140225,43120],{"class":67},[61,140227,140],{"class":75},[61,140229,34743],{"class":143},[61,140231,147],{"class":75},[61,140233,504],{"class":503},[61,140235,76943],{"class":507},[61,140237,504],{"class":503},[61,140239,153],{"class":75},[61,140241,140242],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140243,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,140247,160],{"class":159},[61,140249,147],{"class":75},[61,140251,43147],{"class":143},[61,140253,153],{"class":75},[20,140255,1598],{},[52,140257,140259],{"className":54,"code":140258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140260,140261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140262,140263,140265,140267,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140287,140289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140264,4182],{"class":75},[61,140266,630],{"class":503},[61,140268,140269],{"class":507},"2024",[61,140271,630],{"class":503},[61,140273,83],{"class":75},[61,140275,639],{"class":503},[61,140277,2613],{"class":507},[61,140279,630],{"class":503},[61,140281,83],{"class":75},[61,140283,639],{"class":503},[61,140285,140286],{"class":507},"31",[61,140288,630],{"class":503},[61,140290,943],{"class":75},[20,140292,140293],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140295,140296,140297,140],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[214,140298,129139],{"href":129138},[47,140300,716,140302],{"id":140301},"using-maxsplit",[15,140303,139710],{},[20,140305,140306,140308],{},[15,140307,139710],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140310,140311],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140313,368],{},[52,140315,140317],{"className":54,"code":140316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140318,140319,140332,140358,140362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140322,34962],{"class":67},[61,140324,72],{"class":71},[61,140326,515],{"class":503},[61,140328,140329],{"class":507},"name:age:city:country",[61,140331,3639],{"class":503},[61,140333,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140335,43115],{"class":67},[61,140337,72],{"class":71},[61,140339,43120],{"class":67},[61,140341,140],{"class":75},[61,140343,34743],{"class":143},[61,140345,147],{"class":75},[61,140347,504],{"class":503},[61,140349,192],{"class":507},[61,140351,504],{"class":503},[61,140353,83],{"class":75},[61,140355,86],{"class":79},[61,140357,153],{"class":75},[61,140359,140360],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140361,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,140363,140364,140366,140368,140370],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,140365,160],{"class":159},[61,140367,147],{"class":75},[61,140369,43147],{"class":143},[61,140371,153],{"class":75},[20,140373,1598],{},[52,140375,140377],{"className":54,"code":140376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140378,140379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140380,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140404,140406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140382,4182],{"class":75},[61,140384,630],{"class":503},[61,140386,7949],{"class":507},[61,140388,630],{"class":503},[61,140390,83],{"class":75},[61,140392,639],{"class":503},[61,140394,9581],{"class":507},[61,140396,630],{"class":503},[61,140398,83],{"class":75},[61,140400,639],{"class":503},[61,140402,140403],{"class":507},"city:country",[61,140405,630],{"class":503},[61,140407,943],{"class":75},[20,140409,2463],{},[29,140411,140412,140417,140422],{},[32,140413,140414,140415],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140416,192],{},[32,140418,140419,140420],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140421,192],{},[32,140423,140424],{},"then stops",[20,140426,140427],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140429,52362],{},[52,140431,140433],{"className":54,"code":140432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140434,140435,140448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140436,140437,140439,140441,140443,140446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140438,34962],{"class":67},[61,140440,72],{"class":71},[61,140442,515],{"class":503},[61,140444,140445],{"class":507},"apple banana cherry grape",[61,140447,3639],{"class":503},[61,140449,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140451,160],{"class":159},[61,140453,147],{"class":75},[61,140455,34983],{"class":143},[61,140457,140],{"class":75},[61,140459,34743],{"class":143},[61,140461,147],{"class":75},[61,140463,504],{"class":503},[61,140465,515],{"class":503},[61,140467,83],{"class":75},[61,140469,1720],{"class":79},[61,140471,1761],{"class":75},[20,140473,1598],{},[52,140475,140477],{"className":54,"code":140476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140478,140479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140480,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140496,140498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140482,4182],{"class":75},[61,140484,630],{"class":503},[61,140486,508],{"class":507},[61,140488,630],{"class":503},[61,140490,83],{"class":75},[61,140492,639],{"class":503},[61,140494,140495],{"class":507},"banana cherry grape",[61,140497,630],{"class":503},[61,140499,943],{"class":75},[47,140501,184,140503,11985],{"id":140502},"what-split-returns",[15,140504,60814],{},[20,140506,140507,140508,140510,140511,140],{},"The result of ",[15,140509,60814],{}," is always a ",[39,140512,8377],{},[20,140514,140515],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140517,368],{},[52,140519,140521],{"className":54,"code":140520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140522,140523,140536,140558,140562,140572,140586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140524,140525,140527,140529,140531,140534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140526,34962],{"class":67},[61,140528,72],{"class":71},[61,140530,515],{"class":503},[61,140532,140533],{"class":507},"cat,dog,bird",[61,140535,3639],{"class":503},[61,140537,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140539,43115],{"class":67},[61,140541,72],{"class":71},[61,140543,43120],{"class":67},[61,140545,140],{"class":75},[61,140547,34743],{"class":143},[61,140549,147],{"class":75},[61,140551,504],{"class":503},[61,140553,83],{"class":507},[61,140555,504],{"class":503},[61,140557,153],{"class":75},[61,140559,140560],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140561,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,140563,140564,140566,140568,140570],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,140565,160],{"class":159},[61,140567,147],{"class":75},[61,140569,43147],{"class":143},[61,140571,153],{"class":75},[61,140573,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,140575,160],{"class":159},[61,140577,147],{"class":75},[61,140579,2072],{"class":2071},[61,140581,147],{"class":75},[61,140583,43147],{"class":143},[61,140585,1761],{"class":75},[61,140587,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,140589,160],{"class":159},[61,140591,147],{"class":75},[61,140593,43147],{"class":143},[61,140595,4182],{"class":75},[61,140597,2405],{"class":79},[61,140599,1887],{"class":75},[20,140601,1598],{},[52,140603,140605],{"className":54,"code":140604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140606,140607,140635,140649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140608,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140610,4182],{"class":75},[61,140612,630],{"class":503},[61,140614,1218],{"class":507},[61,140616,630],{"class":503},[61,140618,83],{"class":75},[61,140620,639],{"class":503},[61,140622,1787],{"class":507},[61,140624,630],{"class":503},[61,140626,83],{"class":75},[61,140628,639],{"class":503},[61,140630,58426],{"class":507},[61,140632,630],{"class":503},[61,140634,943],{"class":75},[61,140636,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140638,3571],{"class":71},[61,140640,3574],{"class":2350},[61,140642,639],{"class":503},[61,140644,8377],{"class":507},[61,140646,630],{"class":503},[61,140648,3583],{"class":71},[61,140650,140651],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140652,85744],{"class":67},[20,140654,140655],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[29,140657,140658,140661,140664],{},[32,140659,140660],{},"loop over it",[32,140662,140663],{},"access items by index",[32,140665,140666],{},"combine items again later",[20,140668,140669,140670,140],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[214,140671,126455,140673,1516],{"href":140672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140674,133537],{},[20,140676,368],{},[52,140678,140680],{"className":54,"code":140679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140681,140682,140714,140736,140740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140683,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710,140712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140685,43115],{"class":67},[61,140687,72],{"class":71},[61,140689,926],{"class":75},[61,140691,630],{"class":503},[61,140693,1218],{"class":507},[61,140695,630],{"class":503},[61,140697,83],{"class":75},[61,140699,639],{"class":503},[61,140701,1787],{"class":507},[61,140703,630],{"class":503},[61,140705,83],{"class":75},[61,140707,639],{"class":503},[61,140709,58426],{"class":507},[61,140711,630],{"class":503},[61,140713,943],{"class":75},[61,140715,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140717,34962],{"class":67},[61,140719,72],{"class":71},[61,140721,515],{"class":503},[61,140723,2308],{"class":507},[61,140725,504],{"class":503},[61,140727,140],{"class":75},[61,140729,133614],{"class":143},[61,140731,147],{"class":75},[61,140733,43147],{"class":143},[61,140735,153],{"class":75},[61,140737,140738],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,140739,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,140741,140742,140744,140746,140748],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,140743,160],{"class":159},[61,140745,147],{"class":75},[61,140747,34983],{"class":143},[61,140749,153],{"class":75},[20,140751,1598],{},[52,140753,140755],{"className":54,"code":140754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140756,140757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140760,1218],{"class":67},[61,140762,2308],{"class":71},[61,140764,1787],{"class":67},[61,140766,2308],{"class":71},[61,140768,140769],{"class":67},"bird\n",[47,140771,140773],{"id":140772},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140775,140776],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[887,140778,140780],{"id":140779},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[52,140782,140784],{"className":54,"code":140783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140785,140786,140794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140787,140788,140790,140792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140789,34962],{"class":67},[61,140791,72],{"class":71},[61,140793,8164],{"class":503},[61,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140797,160],{"class":159},[61,140799,147],{"class":75},[61,140801,34983],{"class":143},[61,140803,140],{"class":75},[61,140805,34743],{"class":143},[61,140807,7474],{"class":75},[20,140809,1598],{},[52,140811,140812],{"className":54,"code":38574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,140813,140814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140815,140816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140817,38574],{"class":75},[887,140819,140821],{"id":140820},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[52,140823,140825],{"className":54,"code":140824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140826,140827,140835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140828,140829,140831,140833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140830,34962],{"class":67},[61,140832,72],{"class":71},[61,140834,8164],{"class":503},[61,140836,140837,140839,140841,140843,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140838,160],{"class":159},[61,140840,147],{"class":75},[61,140842,34983],{"class":143},[61,140844,140],{"class":75},[61,140846,34743],{"class":143},[61,140848,147],{"class":75},[61,140850,504],{"class":503},[61,140852,83],{"class":507},[61,140854,504],{"class":503},[61,140856,1761],{"class":75},[20,140858,1598],{},[52,140860,140862],{"className":54,"code":140861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['']\n",[15,140863,140864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140865,140866,140868,140870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140867,4182],{"class":75},[61,140869,4053],{"class":503},[61,140871,943],{"class":75},[887,140873,140875],{"id":140874},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140877,140878],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[52,140880,140882],{"className":54,"code":140881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140883,140884,140896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140885,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140887,34962],{"class":67},[61,140889,72],{"class":71},[61,140891,515],{"class":503},[61,140893,4126],{"class":507},[61,140895,3639],{"class":503},[61,140897,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140899,160],{"class":159},[61,140901,147],{"class":75},[61,140903,34983],{"class":143},[61,140905,140],{"class":75},[61,140907,34743],{"class":143},[61,140909,147],{"class":75},[61,140911,504],{"class":503},[61,140913,83],{"class":507},[61,140915,504],{"class":503},[61,140917,1761],{"class":75},[20,140919,1598],{},[52,140921,140923],{"className":54,"code":140922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello']\n",[15,140924,140925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140926,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140928,4182],{"class":75},[61,140930,630],{"class":503},[61,140932,4126],{"class":507},[61,140934,630],{"class":503},[61,140936,943],{"class":75},[47,140938,5240,140940],{"id":140939},"when-to-use-split",[15,140941,60814],{},[20,140943,1503,140944,140946],{},[15,140945,60814],{}," when you need to:",[29,140948,140949,140952,140955],{},[32,140950,140951],{},"split a sentence into words",[32,140953,140954],{},"split comma-separated values",[32,140956,140957],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140959,140960],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[29,140962,140963,140966,140969],{},[32,140964,140965],{},"cleaning text",[32,140967,140968],{},"parsing user input",[32,140970,140971],{},"processing simple file content",[47,140973,3111],{"id":3110},[20,140975,84515],{},[29,140977,140978,140982,140988,140991,140999],{},[32,140979,50787,140980,131675],{},[15,140981,60814],{},[32,140983,140984,140985,140987],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140986,60814],{}," returns a list, not a string",[32,140989,140990],{},"using the wrong separator",[32,140992,140993,140994,140996,140997],{},"assuming ",[15,140995,139933],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140998,60814],{},[32,141000,141001],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141003,141004],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[52,141006,141008],{"className":54,"code":141007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141009,141010,141022,141040,141044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141011,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141013,34962],{"class":67},[61,141015,72],{"class":71},[61,141017,515],{"class":503},[61,141019,43108],{"class":507},[61,141021,3639],{"class":503},[61,141023,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141025,34983],{"class":67},[61,141027,140],{"class":75},[61,141029,34743],{"class":143},[61,141031,147],{"class":75},[61,141033,504],{"class":503},[61,141035,83],{"class":507},[61,141037,504],{"class":503},[61,141039,153],{"class":75},[61,141041,141042],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141043,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141045,141046,141048,141050,141052],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141047,160],{"class":159},[61,141049,147],{"class":75},[61,141051,34983],{"class":143},[61,141053,153],{"class":75},[20,141055,1598],{},[52,141057,141059],{"className":54,"code":141058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a,b,c\n",[15,141060,141061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141064,214],{"class":67},[61,141066,83],{"class":75},[61,141068,329],{"class":67},[61,141070,83],{"class":75},[61,141072,69523],{"class":67},[20,141074,141075],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141077,11087],{},[52,141079,141080],{"className":54,"code":43095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,141081,141082,141094,141116,141120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141083,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141085,34962],{"class":67},[61,141087,72],{"class":71},[61,141089,515],{"class":503},[61,141091,43108],{"class":507},[61,141093,3639],{"class":503},[61,141095,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141097,43115],{"class":67},[61,141099,72],{"class":71},[61,141101,43120],{"class":67},[61,141103,140],{"class":75},[61,141105,34743],{"class":143},[61,141107,147],{"class":75},[61,141109,504],{"class":503},[61,141111,83],{"class":507},[61,141113,504],{"class":503},[61,141115,153],{"class":75},[61,141117,141118],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141119,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141123,160],{"class":159},[61,141125,147],{"class":75},[61,141127,43147],{"class":143},[61,141129,153],{"class":75},[20,141131,1598],{},[52,141133,141134],{"className":54,"code":43154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,141135,141136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141137,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141139,4182],{"class":75},[61,141141,630],{"class":503},[61,141143,214],{"class":507},[61,141145,630],{"class":503},[61,141147,83],{"class":75},[61,141149,639],{"class":503},[61,141151,329],{"class":507},[61,141153,630],{"class":503},[61,141155,83],{"class":75},[61,141157,639],{"class":503},[61,141159,1071],{"class":507},[61,141161,630],{"class":503},[61,141163,943],{"class":75},[20,141165,141166],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[52,141168,141170],{"className":54,"code":141169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141171,141172,141185,141207,141211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141175,34962],{"class":67},[61,141177,72],{"class":71},[61,141179,515],{"class":503},[61,141181,141182],{"class":507},"apple,banana",[61,141184,3639],{"class":503},[61,141186,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141188,43115],{"class":67},[61,141190,72],{"class":71},[61,141192,43120],{"class":67},[61,141194,140],{"class":75},[61,141196,34743],{"class":143},[61,141198,147],{"class":75},[61,141200,504],{"class":503},[61,141202,83],{"class":507},[61,141204,504],{"class":503},[61,141206,153],{"class":75},[61,141208,141209],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141210,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141212,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141214,160],{"class":159},[61,141216,147],{"class":75},[61,141218,43147],{"class":143},[61,141220,4182],{"class":75},[61,141222,301],{"class":79},[61,141224,1887],{"class":75},[20,141226,141227,141228,140],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[214,141229,69536],{"href":69535},[887,141231,60993],{"id":60992},[20,141233,9158,141234,141236],{},[15,141235,60814],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[52,141238,141240],{"className":54,"code":141239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141241,141242,141252,141266,141288,141314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141243,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141245,160],{"class":159},[61,141247,147],{"class":75},[61,141249,34983],{"class":143},[61,141251,153],{"class":75},[61,141253,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141255,160],{"class":159},[61,141257,147],{"class":75},[61,141259,34983],{"class":143},[61,141261,140],{"class":75},[61,141263,34743],{"class":143},[61,141265,7474],{"class":75},[61,141267,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141269,160],{"class":159},[61,141271,147],{"class":75},[61,141273,34983],{"class":143},[61,141275,140],{"class":75},[61,141277,34743],{"class":143},[61,141279,147],{"class":75},[61,141281,630],{"class":503},[61,141283,83],{"class":507},[61,141285,630],{"class":503},[61,141287,1761],{"class":75},[61,141289,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141291,160],{"class":159},[61,141293,147],{"class":75},[61,141295,11442],{"class":159},[61,141297,147],{"class":75},[61,141299,34983],{"class":143},[61,141301,140],{"class":75},[61,141303,34743],{"class":143},[61,141305,147],{"class":75},[61,141307,630],{"class":503},[61,141309,83],{"class":507},[61,141311,630],{"class":503},[61,141313,3193],{"class":75},[61,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,141317,160],{"class":159},[61,141319,147],{"class":75},[61,141321,2072],{"class":2071},[61,141323,147],{"class":75},[61,141325,34983],{"class":143},[61,141327,140],{"class":75},[61,141329,34743],{"class":143},[61,141331,147],{"class":75},[61,141333,630],{"class":503},[61,141335,83],{"class":507},[61,141337,630],{"class":503},[61,141339,3193],{"class":75},[20,141341,11451],{},[29,141343,141344,141347,141350,141353],{},[32,141345,141346],{},"what the original string looks like",[32,141348,141349],{},"which separator works",[32,141351,141352],{},"how many items were created",[32,141354,141355],{},"that the result is a list",[47,141357,2109],{"id":2108},[887,141359,2153,141361,700,141363,2159],{"id":141360},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141362,60814],{},[15,141364,139933],{},[20,141366,141367,141369],{},[15,141368,60814],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141371,141372,141374],{},[15,141373,139933],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[887,141376,2113,141378,124782],{"id":141377},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141379,60814],{},[20,141381,141382,141383,56762],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141384,60814],{},[887,141386,5422,141388,40238],{"id":141387},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141389,139710],{},[20,141391,141392],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[887,141394,141396],{"id":141395},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141398,29337,141399,141401],{},[15,141400,60814],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[47,141403,2172],{"id":2171},[29,141405,141406,141410,141416,141422,141426],{},[32,141407,141408],{},[214,141409,130060],{"href":129138},[32,141411,141412],{},[214,141413,126455,141414,1516],{"href":140672},[15,141415,133537],{},[32,141417,141418],{},[214,141419,126455,141420,1516],{"href":137025},[15,141421,41932],{},[32,141423,141424],{},[214,141425,125210],{"href":51257},[32,141427,141428],{},[214,141429,69536],{"href":69535},[2204,141431,141432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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separator",[141442],{"id":139928,"depth":122,"text":141443},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140091,"depth":97,"text":140092},{"id":140301,"depth":97,"text":141446},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140502,"depth":97,"text":141448},"What split() returns",{"id":140772,"depth":97,"text":140773,"children":141450},[141451,141452,141453],{"id":140779,"depth":122,"text":140780},{"id":140820,"depth":122,"text":140821},{"id":140874,"depth":122,"text":140875},{"id":140939,"depth":97,"text":141455},"When to use split()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":141457},[141458],{"id":60992,"depth":122,"text":60993},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":141460},[141461,141463,141465,141467],{"id":141360,"depth":122,"text":141462},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141377,"depth":122,"text":141464},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141387,"depth":122,"text":141466},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141395,"depth":122,"text":141396},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139449,"description":141469},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141476,"title":141477,"body":141478,"description":143421,"extension":2249,"meta":143422,"navigation":125,"path":143423,"seo":143424,"stem":143425,"__hash__":143426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141479,"toc":143380},[141480,141485,141490,141497,141570,141575,141580,141585,141601,141603,141673,141675,141677,141697,141699,141744,141749,141751,141849,141854,141858,141863,141867,141870,141912,141916,141919,141964,141968,141971,142021,142025,142030,142082,142084,142089,142100,142105,142185,142187,142199,142208,142215,142230,142232,142347,142353,142357,142360,142365,142507,142510,142517,142519,142523,142531,142600,142606,142655,142660,142665,142667,142687,142689,142755,142757,142761,142764,142768,142809,142811,142844,142849,142852,142879,142881,142924,142931,142936,142946,143012,143016,143024,143029,143080,143084,143087,143089,143098,143100,143150,143152,143259,143261,143266,143273,143279,143282,143313,143318,143320,143327,143335,143344,143347,143349,143377],[10,141481,123455,141483,18],{"id":141482},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141484,127823],{},[20,141486,123460,141487,141489],{},[15,141488,127823],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141491,126521,141492,3159,141494,141496],{},[15,141493,3885],{},[15,141495,3954],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[52,141498,141500],{"className":54,"code":141499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141501,141502,141515,141519,141544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141505,34962],{"class":67},[61,141507,72],{"class":71},[61,141509,515],{"class":503},[61,141511,141512],{"class":507},"Python Beginner Help",[61,141514,3639],{"class":503},[61,141516,141517],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141518,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141522,160],{"class":159},[61,141524,147],{"class":75},[61,141526,34983],{"class":143},[61,141528,140],{"class":75},[61,141530,141531],{"class":143},"startswith",[61,141533,147],{"class":75},[61,141535,504],{"class":503},[61,141537,7577],{"class":507},[61,141539,504],{"class":503},[61,141541,5641],{"class":75},[61,141543,44134],{"class":173},[61,141545,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141563,141565,141567],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141547,160],{"class":159},[61,141549,147],{"class":75},[61,141551,34983],{"class":143},[61,141553,140],{"class":75},[61,141555,141531],{"class":143},[61,141557,147],{"class":75},[61,141559,504],{"class":503},[61,141561,141562],{"class":507},"Beginner",[61,141564,504],{"class":503},[61,141566,5641],{"class":75},[61,141568,141569],{"class":173}," # False\n",[20,141571,1503,141572,141574],{},[15,141573,127823],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[47,141576,184,141578,187],{"id":141577},"what-startswith-does",[15,141579,127823],{},[20,141581,141582,141584],{},[15,141583,127823],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[29,141586,141587,141590,141596,141598],{},[32,141588,141589],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[32,141591,5428,141592,3159,141594],{},[15,141593,3885],{},[15,141595,3954],{},[32,141597,123598],{},[32,141599,141600],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141602,368],{},[52,141604,141606],{"className":54,"code":141605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141607,141608,141620,141624,141649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141609,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141611,8159],{"class":67},[61,141613,72],{"class":71},[61,141615,515],{"class":503},[61,141617,7577],{"class":507},[61,141619,3639],{"class":503},[61,141621,141622],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141623,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141625,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141643,141645,141647],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141627,160],{"class":159},[61,141629,147],{"class":75},[61,141631,7949],{"class":143},[61,141633,140],{"class":75},[61,141635,141531],{"class":143},[61,141637,147],{"class":75},[61,141639,504],{"class":503},[61,141641,141642],{"class":507},"Py",[61,141644,504],{"class":503},[61,141646,5641],{"class":75},[61,141648,44134],{"class":173},[61,141650,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141652,160],{"class":159},[61,141654,147],{"class":75},[61,141656,7949],{"class":143},[61,141658,140],{"class":75},[61,141660,141531],{"class":143},[61,141662,147],{"class":75},[61,141664,504],{"class":503},[61,141666,128901],{"class":507},[61,141668,504],{"class":503},[61,141670,5641],{"class":75},[61,141672,44151],{"class":173},[47,141674,221],{"id":220},[20,141676,42663],{},[52,141678,141680],{"className":54,"code":141679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141681,141682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141683,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141685,61455],{"class":67},[61,141687,140],{"class":75},[61,141689,141531],{"class":143},[61,141691,147],{"class":75},[61,141693,141694],{"class":143},"prefix",[61,141696,153],{"class":75},[20,141698,31039],{},[52,141700,141702],{"className":54,"code":141701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141703,141704,141722],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141705,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141707,61455],{"class":67},[61,141709,140],{"class":75},[61,141711,141531],{"class":143},[61,141713,147],{"class":75},[61,141715,141694],{"class":143},[61,141717,83],{"class":75},[61,141719,36328],{"class":143},[61,141721,153],{"class":75},[61,141723,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141725,61455],{"class":67},[61,141727,140],{"class":75},[61,141729,141531],{"class":143},[61,141731,147],{"class":75},[61,141733,141694],{"class":143},[61,141735,83],{"class":75},[61,141737,36328],{"class":143},[61,141739,83],{"class":75},[61,141741,65320],{"class":143},[61,141743,153],{"class":75},[20,141745,21050,141746,141748],{},[15,141747,141694],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141750,368],{},[52,141752,141754],{"className":54,"code":141753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141755,141756,141768,141772,141797,141821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141759,34962],{"class":67},[61,141761,72],{"class":71},[61,141763,515],{"class":503},[61,141765,60689],{"class":507},[61,141767,3639],{"class":503},[61,141769,141770],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141771,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,141773,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,141775,160],{"class":159},[61,141777,147],{"class":75},[61,141779,34983],{"class":143},[61,141781,140],{"class":75},[61,141783,141531],{"class":143},[61,141785,147],{"class":75},[61,141787,504],{"class":503},[61,141789,4126],{"class":507},[61,141791,504],{"class":503},[61,141793,5641],{"class":75},[61,141795,141796],{"class":173},"      # True\n",[61,141798,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,141800,160],{"class":159},[61,141802,147],{"class":75},[61,141804,34983],{"class":143},[61,141806,140],{"class":75},[61,141808,141531],{"class":143},[61,141810,147],{"class":75},[61,141812,504],{"class":503},[61,141814,60874],{"class":507},[61,141816,504],{"class":503},[61,141818,5641],{"class":75},[61,141820,21479],{"class":173},[61,141822,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,141824,160],{"class":159},[61,141826,147],{"class":75},[61,141828,34983],{"class":143},[61,141830,140],{"class":75},[61,141832,141531],{"class":143},[61,141834,147],{"class":75},[61,141836,504],{"class":503},[61,141838,60874],{"class":507},[61,141840,504],{"class":503},[61,141842,83],{"class":75},[61,141844,37920],{"class":79},[61,141846,5641],{"class":75},[61,141848,44134],{"class":173},[20,141850,141851,141852,140],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[214,141853,125210],{"href":51257},[47,141855,141857],{"id":141856},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141859,141860,141862],{},[15,141861,127823],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[887,141864,141865],{"id":141694},[15,141866,141694],{},[20,141868,141869],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[52,141871,141873],{"className":54,"code":141872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141874,141875,141887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141876,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141878,34962],{"class":67},[61,141880,72],{"class":71},[61,141882,515],{"class":503},[61,141884,518],{"class":507},[61,141886,3639],{"class":503},[61,141888,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903,141906,141908,141910],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141890,160],{"class":159},[61,141892,147],{"class":75},[61,141894,34983],{"class":143},[61,141896,140],{"class":75},[61,141898,141531],{"class":143},[61,141900,147],{"class":75},[61,141902,504],{"class":503},[61,141904,141905],{"class":507},"ban",[61,141907,504],{"class":503},[61,141909,5641],{"class":75},[61,141911,3944],{"class":173},[887,141913,141914],{"id":36349},[15,141915,36349],{},[20,141917,141918],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[52,141920,141922],{"className":54,"code":141921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141923,141924,141936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141927,34962],{"class":67},[61,141929,72],{"class":71},[61,141931,515],{"class":503},[61,141933,60689],{"class":507},[61,141935,3639],{"class":503},[61,141937,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141939,160],{"class":159},[61,141941,147],{"class":75},[61,141943,34983],{"class":143},[61,141945,140],{"class":75},[61,141947,141531],{"class":143},[61,141949,147],{"class":75},[61,141951,504],{"class":503},[61,141953,60874],{"class":507},[61,141955,504],{"class":503},[61,141957,83],{"class":75},[61,141959,37920],{"class":79},[61,141961,5641],{"class":75},[61,141963,3944],{"class":173},[887,141965,141966],{"id":52943},[15,141967,52943],{},[20,141969,141970],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[52,141972,141974],{"className":54,"code":141973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141975,141976,141988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141977,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141979,34962],{"class":67},[61,141981,72],{"class":71},[61,141983,515],{"class":503},[61,141985,60689],{"class":507},[61,141987,3639],{"class":503},[61,141989,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141991,160],{"class":159},[61,141993,147],{"class":75},[61,141995,34983],{"class":143},[61,141997,140],{"class":75},[61,141999,141531],{"class":143},[61,142001,147],{"class":75},[61,142003,504],{"class":503},[61,142005,142006],{"class":507},"wor",[61,142008,504],{"class":503},[61,142010,83],{"class":75},[61,142012,37920],{"class":79},[61,142014,83],{"class":75},[61,142016,54419],{"class":79},[61,142018,5641],{"class":75},[61,142020,3944],{"class":173},[887,142022,142024],{"id":142023},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142026,142027,142029],{},[15,142028,141694],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[52,142031,142033],{"className":54,"code":142032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142034,142035,142048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142036,142037,142039,142041,142043,142046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142038,126538],{"class":67},[61,142040,72],{"class":71},[61,142042,515],{"class":503},[61,142044,142045],{"class":507},"img_001.png",[61,142047,3639],{"class":503},[61,142049,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142067,142069,142071,142073,142076,142078,142080],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142051,160],{"class":159},[61,142053,147],{"class":75},[61,142055,126556],{"class":143},[61,142057,140],{"class":75},[61,142059,141531],{"class":143},[61,142061,5790],{"class":75},[61,142063,504],{"class":503},[61,142065,142066],{"class":507},"img_",[61,142068,504],{"class":503},[61,142070,83],{"class":75},[61,142072,515],{"class":503},[61,142074,142075],{"class":507},"photo_",[61,142077,504],{"class":503},[61,142079,51373],{"class":75},[61,142081,3944],{"class":173},[47,142083,17698],{"id":17697},[20,142085,142086,142088],{},[15,142087,127823],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[29,142090,142091,142096],{},[32,142092,142093,142095],{},[15,142094,3885],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[32,142097,142098,127140],{},[15,142099,3954],{},[20,142101,142102,142103,7452],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142104,7277],{},[52,142106,142108],{"className":54,"code":142107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142109,142110,142124,142128,142149,142164,142170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142111,142112,142115,142117,142119,142122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142113,142114],{"class":67},"command ",[61,142116,72],{"class":71},[61,142118,515],{"class":503},[61,142120,142121],{"class":507},"\u002Fhelp",[61,142123,3639],{"class":503},[61,142125,142126],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142127,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142129,142130,142132,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142131,7277],{"class":4158},[61,142133,142134],{"class":67}," command",[61,142136,140],{"class":75},[61,142138,141531],{"class":143},[61,142140,147],{"class":75},[61,142142,504],{"class":503},[61,142144,127347],{"class":507},[61,142146,504],{"class":503},[61,142148,8626],{"class":75},[61,142150,142151,142153,142155,142157,142160,142162],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142152,8352],{"class":159},[61,142154,147],{"class":75},[61,142156,504],{"class":503},[61,142158,142159],{"class":507},"This looks like a command.",[61,142161,504],{"class":503},[61,142163,153],{"class":75},[61,142165,142166,142168],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,142167,27710],{"class":4158},[61,142169,6673],{"class":75},[61,142171,142172,142174,142176,142178,142181,142183],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,142173,8352],{"class":159},[61,142175,147],{"class":75},[61,142177,504],{"class":503},[61,142179,142180],{"class":507},"This is normal text.",[61,142182,504],{"class":503},[61,142184,153],{"class":75},[20,142186,1598],{},[52,142188,142190],{"className":54,"code":142189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142191,142192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142193,142194,142197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142195,142196],{"class":67},"This looks like a command",[61,142198,122487],{"class":75},[47,142200,716,142202,2020,142204,700,142206],{"id":142201},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142203,127823],{},[15,142205,36349],{},[15,142207,52943],{},[20,142209,2266,142210,700,142212,142214],{},[15,142211,36349],{},[15,142213,52943],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[29,142216,142217,142222,142227],{},[32,142218,142219,142221],{},[15,142220,36349],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[32,142223,142224,142226],{},[15,142225,52943],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[32,142228,142229],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142231,368],{},[52,142233,142235],{"className":54,"code":142234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142236,142237,142249,142253,142282,142315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142238,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142240,34962],{"class":67},[61,142242,72],{"class":71},[61,142244,515],{"class":503},[61,142246,139734],{"class":507},[61,142248,3639],{"class":503},[61,142250,142251],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142252,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142254,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142256,160],{"class":159},[61,142258,147],{"class":75},[61,142260,34983],{"class":143},[61,142262,140],{"class":75},[61,142264,141531],{"class":143},[61,142266,147],{"class":75},[61,142268,504],{"class":503},[61,142270,79547],{"class":507},[61,142272,504],{"class":503},[61,142274,83],{"class":75},[61,142276,112],{"class":79},[61,142278,5641],{"class":75},[61,142280,142281],{"class":173},"        # True\n",[61,142283,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142311,142313],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142285,160],{"class":159},[61,142287,147],{"class":75},[61,142289,34983],{"class":143},[61,142291,140],{"class":75},[61,142293,141531],{"class":143},[61,142295,147],{"class":75},[61,142297,504],{"class":503},[61,142299,134341],{"class":507},[61,142301,504],{"class":503},[61,142303,83],{"class":75},[61,142305,6639],{"class":79},[61,142307,83],{"class":75},[61,142309,142310],{"class":79}," 13",[61,142312,5641],{"class":75},[61,142314,3944],{"class":173},[61,142316,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,142318,160],{"class":159},[61,142320,147],{"class":75},[61,142322,34983],{"class":143},[61,142324,140],{"class":75},[61,142326,141531],{"class":143},[61,142328,147],{"class":75},[61,142330,504],{"class":503},[61,142332,134341],{"class":507},[61,142334,504],{"class":503},[61,142336,83],{"class":75},[61,142338,6639],{"class":79},[61,142340,83],{"class":75},[61,142342,31218],{"class":79},[61,142344,5641],{"class":75},[61,142346,5050],{"class":173},[20,142348,142349,142350,142352],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142351,52943],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[47,142354,142356],{"id":142355},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142358,142359],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142361,142362,142363,49629],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142364,41115],{},[52,142366,142368],{"className":54,"code":142367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142369,142370,142384,142398,142412,142416,142440,142444,142465,142486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142371,142372,142375,142377,142379,142382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142373,142374],{"class":67},"filename1 ",[61,142376,72],{"class":71},[61,142378,515],{"class":503},[61,142380,142381],{"class":507},"img_101.jpg",[61,142383,3639],{"class":503},[61,142385,142386,142389,142391,142393,142396],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142387,142388],{"class":67},"filename2 ",[61,142390,72],{"class":71},[61,142392,515],{"class":503},[61,142394,142395],{"class":507},"photo_202.jpg",[61,142397,3639],{"class":503},[61,142399,142400,142403,142405,142407,142410],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142401,142402],{"class":67},"filename3 ",[61,142404,72],{"class":71},[61,142406,515],{"class":503},[61,142408,142409],{"class":507},"doc_303.jpg",[61,142411,3639],{"class":503},[61,142413,142414],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142415,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142417,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,142419,127750],{"class":67},[61,142421,72],{"class":71},[61,142423,1058],{"class":75},[61,142425,504],{"class":503},[61,142427,142066],{"class":507},[61,142429,504],{"class":503},[61,142431,83],{"class":75},[61,142433,515],{"class":503},[61,142435,142075],{"class":507},[61,142437,504],{"class":503},[61,142439,153],{"class":75},[61,142441,142442],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,142443,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142445,142446,142448,142450,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,142447,160],{"class":159},[61,142449,147],{"class":75},[61,142451,142452],{"class":143},"filename1",[61,142454,140],{"class":75},[61,142456,141531],{"class":143},[61,142458,147],{"class":75},[61,142460,127802],{"class":143},[61,142462,5641],{"class":75},[61,142464,3944],{"class":173},[61,142466,142467,142469,142471,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,142468,160],{"class":159},[61,142470,147],{"class":75},[61,142472,142473],{"class":143},"filename2",[61,142475,140],{"class":75},[61,142477,141531],{"class":143},[61,142479,147],{"class":75},[61,142481,127802],{"class":143},[61,142483,5641],{"class":75},[61,142485,3944],{"class":173},[61,142487,142488,142490,142492,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,142489,160],{"class":159},[61,142491,147],{"class":75},[61,142493,142494],{"class":143},"filename3",[61,142496,140],{"class":75},[61,142498,141531],{"class":143},[61,142500,147],{"class":75},[61,142502,127802],{"class":143},[61,142504,5641],{"class":75},[61,142506,5050],{"class":173},[20,142508,142509],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142511,75048,142512,142516],{},[214,142513,126455,142514,1516],{"href":130049},[15,142515,126513],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[47,142518,124102],{"id":124101},[20,142520,142521,123913],{},[15,142522,127823],{},[20,142524,127500,142525,700,142528,127507],{},[15,142526,142527],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142529,142530],{},"\"python\"",[52,142532,142534],{"className":54,"code":142533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142535,142536,142548,142552,142576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142537,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142539,34962],{"class":67},[61,142541,72],{"class":71},[61,142543,515],{"class":503},[61,142545,7577],{"class":507},[61,142547,3639],{"class":503},[61,142549,142550],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142551,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142555,160],{"class":159},[61,142557,147],{"class":75},[61,142559,34983],{"class":143},[61,142561,140],{"class":75},[61,142563,141531],{"class":143},[61,142565,147],{"class":75},[61,142567,504],{"class":503},[61,142569,141642],{"class":507},[61,142571,504],{"class":503},[61,142573,5641],{"class":75},[61,142575,3944],{"class":173},[61,142577,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142579,160],{"class":159},[61,142581,147],{"class":75},[61,142583,34983],{"class":143},[61,142585,140],{"class":75},[61,142587,141531],{"class":143},[61,142589,147],{"class":75},[61,142591,504],{"class":503},[61,142593,128901],{"class":507},[61,142595,504],{"class":503},[61,142597,5641],{"class":75},[61,142599,5050],{"class":173},[20,142601,127592,142602,140],{},[214,142603,142604],{"href":124182},[15,142605,124185],{},[52,142607,142609],{"className":54,"code":142608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142610,142611,142623,142627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142612,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142614,34962],{"class":67},[61,142616,72],{"class":71},[61,142618,515],{"class":503},[61,142620,7577],{"class":507},[61,142622,3639],{"class":503},[61,142624,142625],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142626,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142628,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142630,160],{"class":159},[61,142632,147],{"class":75},[61,142634,34983],{"class":143},[61,142636,140],{"class":75},[61,142638,8923],{"class":143},[61,142640,8920],{"class":75},[61,142642,141531],{"class":143},[61,142644,147],{"class":75},[61,142646,504],{"class":503},[61,142648,128901],{"class":507},[61,142650,504],{"class":503},[61,142652,5641],{"class":75},[61,142654,3944],{"class":173},[47,142656,5240,142658],{"id":142657},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142659,127823],{},[20,142661,142662,142664],{},[15,142663,127823],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142666,9655],{},[29,142668,142669,142672,142675,142684],{},[32,142670,142671],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[32,142673,142674],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[32,142676,142677,142678,3159,142681],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142679,142680],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142682,142683],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[32,142685,142686],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142688,368],{},[52,142690,142692],{"className":54,"code":142691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142693,142694,142707,142711,142740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142695,142696,142698,142700,142702,142705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142697,127318],{"class":67},[61,142699,72],{"class":71},[61,142701,515],{"class":503},[61,142703,142704],{"class":507},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[61,142706,3639],{"class":503},[61,142708,142709],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142710,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142712,142713,142715,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142714,7277],{"class":4158},[61,142716,142717],{"class":67}," url",[61,142719,140],{"class":75},[61,142721,141531],{"class":143},[61,142723,5790],{"class":75},[61,142725,504],{"class":503},[61,142727,142680],{"class":507},[61,142729,504],{"class":503},[61,142731,83],{"class":75},[61,142733,515],{"class":503},[61,142735,142683],{"class":507},[61,142737,504],{"class":503},[61,142739,69840],{"class":75},[61,142741,142742,142744,142746,142748,142751,142753],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142743,8352],{"class":159},[61,142745,147],{"class":75},[61,142747,504],{"class":503},[61,142749,142750],{"class":507},"This looks like a web URL.",[61,142752,504],{"class":503},[61,142754,153],{"class":75},[47,142756,3111],{"id":3110},[20,142758,23370,142759,140],{},[15,142760,127823],{},[887,142762,138895],{"id":142763},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142765,142766,123913],{},[15,142767,127823],{},[52,142769,142771],{"className":54,"code":142770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142772,142773,142785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142774,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142776,34962],{"class":67},[61,142778,72],{"class":71},[61,142780,515],{"class":503},[61,142782,7577],{"class":507},[61,142784,3639],{"class":503},[61,142786,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142788,160],{"class":159},[61,142790,147],{"class":75},[61,142792,34983],{"class":143},[61,142794,140],{"class":75},[61,142796,141531],{"class":143},[61,142798,147],{"class":75},[61,142800,504],{"class":503},[61,142802,56],{"class":507},[61,142804,504],{"class":503},[61,142806,5641],{"class":75},[61,142808,5050],{"class":173},[20,142810,39539],{},[52,142812,142814],{"className":54,"code":142813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142815,142816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142817,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142819,160],{"class":159},[61,142821,147],{"class":75},[61,142823,34983],{"class":143},[61,142825,140],{"class":75},[61,142827,8923],{"class":143},[61,142829,8920],{"class":75},[61,142831,141531],{"class":143},[61,142833,147],{"class":75},[61,142835,504],{"class":503},[61,142837,56],{"class":507},[61,142839,504],{"class":503},[61,142841,5641],{"class":75},[61,142843,3944],{"class":173},[887,142845,29926,142847,137377],{"id":142846},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142848,127823],{},[20,142850,142851],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[52,142853,142855],{"className":54,"code":142854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142856,142857,142865,142869,142874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142858,142859,142861,142863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142860,2730],{"class":67},[61,142862,72],{"class":71},[61,142864,125137],{"class":79},[61,142866,142867],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142868,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142870,142871],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142872,142873],{"class":173},"# This will cause an error:\n",[61,142875,142876],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142877,142878],{"class":173},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142880,39539],{},[52,142882,142884],{"className":54,"code":142883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142885,142886,142900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142889,2730],{"class":67},[61,142891,72],{"class":71},[61,142893,49185],{"class":2071},[61,142895,147],{"class":75},[61,142897,50527],{"class":79},[61,142899,153],{"class":75},[61,142901,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920,142922],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142903,160],{"class":159},[61,142905,147],{"class":75},[61,142907,2755],{"class":143},[61,142909,140],{"class":75},[61,142911,141531],{"class":143},[61,142913,147],{"class":75},[61,142915,504],{"class":503},[61,142917,80],{"class":507},[61,142919,504],{"class":503},[61,142921,5641],{"class":75},[61,142923,3944],{"class":173},[887,142925,37480,142927,2020,142929],{"id":142926},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142928,127823],{},[15,142930,4165],{},[20,142932,142933,142935],{},[15,142934,127823],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142937,142938,142939,142941,142942,140],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142940,4165],{}," or methods like ",[214,142943,142944],{"href":124465},[15,142945,124450],{},[52,142947,142949],{"className":54,"code":142948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142950,142951,142963,142967,142991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142954,34962],{"class":67},[61,142956,72],{"class":71},[61,142958,515],{"class":503},[61,142960,60689],{"class":507},[61,142962,3639],{"class":503},[61,142964,142965],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142966,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,142968,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,142970,160],{"class":159},[61,142972,147],{"class":75},[61,142974,34983],{"class":143},[61,142976,140],{"class":75},[61,142978,141531],{"class":143},[61,142980,147],{"class":75},[61,142982,504],{"class":503},[61,142984,60874],{"class":507},[61,142986,504],{"class":503},[61,142988,5641],{"class":75},[61,142990,5050],{"class":173},[61,142992,142993,142995,142997,142999,143001,143003,143005,143007,143009],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,142994,160],{"class":159},[61,142996,147],{"class":75},[61,142998,504],{"class":503},[61,143000,60874],{"class":507},[61,143002,504],{"class":503},[61,143004,21452],{"class":4158},[61,143006,43120],{"class":143},[61,143008,442],{"class":75},[61,143010,143011],{"class":173},"           # True\n",[20,143013,135929,143014,140],{},[214,143015,127491],{"href":123710},[887,143017,4983,143019,700,143021,143023],{"id":143018},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143020,36349],{},[15,143022,52943],{}," use index positions",[20,143025,143026,143027,140],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143028,2405],{},[52,143030,143032],{"className":54,"code":143031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143033,143034,143047,143051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143035,143036,143038,143040,143042,143045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143037,34962],{"class":67},[61,143039,72],{"class":71},[61,143041,515],{"class":503},[61,143043,143044],{"class":507},"abcdef",[61,143046,3639],{"class":503},[61,143048,143049],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143050,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,143052,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143054,160],{"class":159},[61,143056,147],{"class":75},[61,143058,34983],{"class":143},[61,143060,140],{"class":75},[61,143062,141531],{"class":143},[61,143064,147],{"class":75},[61,143066,504],{"class":503},[61,143068,143069],{"class":507},"cd",[61,143071,504],{"class":503},[61,143073,83],{"class":75},[61,143075,86],{"class":79},[61,143077,5641],{"class":75},[61,143079,3944],{"class":173},[887,143081,143083],{"id":143082},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143085,143086],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143088,16923],{},[52,143090,143092],{"className":54,"code":143091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143093,143094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143095,143096],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143097,143091],{"class":173},[20,143099,16935],{},[52,143101,143103],{"className":54,"code":143102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143104,143105,143117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143106,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143108,34962],{"class":67},[61,143110,72],{"class":71},[61,143112,515],{"class":503},[61,143114,7577],{"class":507},[61,143116,3639],{"class":503},[61,143118,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143144,143146,143148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143120,160],{"class":159},[61,143122,147],{"class":75},[61,143124,34983],{"class":143},[61,143126,140],{"class":75},[61,143128,141531],{"class":143},[61,143130,5790],{"class":75},[61,143132,504],{"class":503},[61,143134,141642],{"class":507},[61,143136,504],{"class":503},[61,143138,83],{"class":75},[61,143140,515],{"class":503},[61,143142,143143],{"class":507},"Ja",[61,143145,504],{"class":503},[61,143147,51373],{"class":75},[61,143149,3944],{"class":173},[20,143151,32358],{},[52,143153,143155],{"className":54,"code":143154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143156,143157,143167,143181,143203,143229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143158,143159,143161,143163,143165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143160,160],{"class":159},[61,143162,147],{"class":75},[61,143164,34983],{"class":143},[61,143166,153],{"class":75},[61,143168,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143170,160],{"class":159},[61,143172,147],{"class":75},[61,143174,2072],{"class":2071},[61,143176,147],{"class":75},[61,143178,34983],{"class":143},[61,143180,1761],{"class":75},[61,143182,143183,143185,143187,143189,143191,143193,143195,143197,143199,143201],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143184,160],{"class":159},[61,143186,147],{"class":75},[61,143188,34983],{"class":143},[61,143190,140],{"class":75},[61,143192,141531],{"class":143},[61,143194,147],{"class":75},[61,143196,504],{"class":503},[61,143198,141642],{"class":507},[61,143200,504],{"class":503},[61,143202,1761],{"class":75},[61,143204,143205,143207,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221,143223,143225,143227],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,143206,160],{"class":159},[61,143208,147],{"class":75},[61,143210,34983],{"class":143},[61,143212,140],{"class":75},[61,143214,8923],{"class":143},[61,143216,8920],{"class":75},[61,143218,141531],{"class":143},[61,143220,147],{"class":75},[61,143222,504],{"class":503},[61,143224,128901],{"class":507},[61,143226,504],{"class":503},[61,143228,1761],{"class":75},[61,143230,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241,143243,143245,143247,143249,143251,143253,143255,143257],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,143232,160],{"class":159},[61,143234,147],{"class":75},[61,143236,34983],{"class":143},[61,143238,140],{"class":75},[61,143240,141531],{"class":143},[61,143242,5790],{"class":75},[61,143244,504],{"class":503},[61,143246,141642],{"class":507},[61,143248,504],{"class":503},[61,143250,83],{"class":75},[61,143252,515],{"class":503},[61,143254,143143],{"class":507},[61,143256,504],{"class":503},[61,143258,3193],{"class":75},[47,143260,2109],{"id":2108},[887,143262,2113,143264,128301],{"id":143263},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143265,127823],{},[20,143267,143268,143269,3159,143271,140],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143270,3885],{},[15,143272,3954],{},[887,143274,2123,143276,143278],{"id":143275},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143277,127823],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143280,143281],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[52,143283,143285],{"className":54,"code":143284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143286,143287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143288,143289,143291,143293,143295,143297,143299,143301,143303,143305,143307,143309,143311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143290,34983],{"class":67},[61,143292,140],{"class":75},[61,143294,141531],{"class":143},[61,143296,5790],{"class":75},[61,143298,504],{"class":503},[61,143300,214],{"class":507},[61,143302,504],{"class":503},[61,143304,83],{"class":75},[61,143306,515],{"class":503},[61,143308,329],{"class":507},[61,143310,504],{"class":503},[61,143312,1761],{"class":75},[887,143314,15184,143316,124791],{"id":143315},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143317,127823],{},[20,143319,129984],{},[887,143321,2153,143323,700,143325,2159],{"id":143322},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143324,127823],{},[15,143326,4165],{},[20,143328,143329,143331,143332,143334],{},[15,143330,127823],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143333,4165],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[887,143336,2133,143338,700,143340,2020,143342,2159],{"id":143337},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143339,36349],{},[15,143341,52943],{},[15,143343,127823],{},[20,143345,143346],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[47,143348,2172],{"id":2171},[29,143350,143351,143357,143363,143369,143373],{},[32,143352,143353],{},[214,143354,126455,143355,1516],{"href":130049},[15,143356,126513],{},[32,143358,143359],{},[214,143360,126455,143361,1516],{"href":124465},[15,143362,124450],{},[32,143364,143365],{},[214,143366,126455,143367,1516],{"href":124182},[15,143368,124185],{},[32,143370,143371],{},[214,143372,124854],{"href":123710},[32,143374,143375],{},[214,143376,125210],{"href":51257},[2204,143378,143379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":143381},[143382,143384,143385,143391,143392,143394,143395,143396,143398,143408,143420],{"id":141577,"depth":97,"text":143383},"What startswith() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":141856,"depth":97,"text":141857,"children":143386},[143387,143388,143389,143390],{"id":141694,"depth":122,"text":141694},{"id":36349,"depth":122,"text":36349},{"id":52943,"depth":122,"text":52943},{"id":142023,"depth":122,"text":142024},{"id":17697,"depth":97,"text":17698},{"id":142201,"depth":97,"text":143393},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142355,"depth":97,"text":142356},{"id":124101,"depth":97,"text":124102},{"id":142657,"depth":97,"text":143397},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":143399},[143400,143401,143403,143405,143407],{"id":142763,"depth":122,"text":138895},{"id":142846,"depth":122,"text":143402},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142926,"depth":122,"text":143404},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143018,"depth":122,"text":143406},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143082,"depth":122,"text":143083},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":143409},[143410,143412,143414,143416,143418],{"id":143263,"depth":122,"text":143411},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143275,"depth":122,"text":143413},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143315,"depth":122,"text":143415},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143322,"depth":122,"text":143417},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143337,"depth":122,"text":143419},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141477,"description":143421},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143428,"title":143429,"body":143430,"description":144884,"extension":2249,"meta":144885,"navigation":125,"path":144886,"seo":144887,"stem":144888,"__hash__":144889},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143431,"toc":144854},[143432,143437,143442,143445,143447,143491,143493,143501,143506,143511,143516,143518,143536,143538,143584,143586,143600,143609,143613,143615,143617,143629,143634,143637,143669,143671,143680,143685,143688,143729,143731,143739,143741,143754,143760,143764,143767,143783,143785,143834,143836,143845,143848,143907,143909,143918,143925,143928,143981,143983,144007,144014,144020,144024,144030,144033,144044,144046,144086,144088,144096,144098,144138,144140,144149,144151,144169,144172,144179,144190,144193,144210,144212,144289,144291,144322,144325,144327,144330,144356,144358,144398,144400,144409,144419,144427,144435,144440,144445,144447,144461,144463,144514,144516,144525,144535,144537,144539,144561,144564,144643,144645,144681,144684,144759,144764,144766,144772,144777,144782,144785,144791,144794,144801,144809,144813,144821,144823,144851],[10,143433,123455,143435,18],{"id":143434},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143436,41932],{},[20,143438,32592,143439,143441],{},[15,143440,41932],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143443,143444],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[47,143446,3890],{"id":3889},[52,143448,143450],{"className":54,"code":143449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143451,143452,143465,143480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143453,143454,143456,143458,143460,143463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143455,34962],{"class":67},[61,143457,72],{"class":71},[61,143459,515],{"class":503},[61,143461,143462],{"class":507},"  hello  ",[61,143464,3639],{"class":503},[61,143466,143467,143470,143472,143474,143476,143478],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143468,143469],{"class":67},"clean_text ",[61,143471,72],{"class":71},[61,143473,43120],{"class":67},[61,143475,140],{"class":75},[61,143477,8917],{"class":143},[61,143479,8926],{"class":75},[61,143481,143482,143484,143486,143489],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143483,160],{"class":159},[61,143485,147],{"class":75},[61,143487,143488],{"class":143},"clean_text",[61,143490,153],{"class":75},[20,143492,1598],{},[52,143494,143495],{"className":54,"code":138770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,143496,143497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143498,143499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143500,138770],{"class":67},[20,143502,1503,143503,143505],{},[15,143504,41932],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[47,143507,184,143509,187],{"id":143508},"what-strip-does",[15,143510,41932],{},[20,143512,143513,143515],{},[15,143514,41932],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143517,254],{},[29,143519,143520,143524,143527,143530,143533],{},[32,143521,143522,131805],{},[15,143523,41932],{},[32,143525,143526],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[32,143528,143529],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[32,143531,143532],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[32,143534,143535],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143537,368],{},[52,143539,143541],{"className":54,"code":143540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143542,143543,143556,143560,143574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143544,143545,143547,143549,143551,143554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143546,34962],{"class":67},[61,143548,72],{"class":71},[61,143550,515],{"class":503},[61,143552,143553],{"class":507},"  hello world  ",[61,143555,3639],{"class":503},[61,143557,143558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143559,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143563,160],{"class":159},[61,143565,147],{"class":75},[61,143567,34983],{"class":143},[61,143569,140],{"class":75},[61,143571,8917],{"class":143},[61,143573,7474],{"class":75},[61,143575,143576,143578,143580,143582],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,143577,160],{"class":159},[61,143579,147],{"class":75},[61,143581,34983],{"class":143},[61,143583,153],{"class":75},[20,143585,1598],{},[52,143587,143589],{"className":54,"code":143588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143590,143591,143595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143592,143593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143594,134471],{"class":67},[61,143596,143597],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143598,143599],{"class":67},"  hello world\n",[20,143601,143602,143603,143605,143606,143608],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143604,41932],{},", but the original ",[15,143607,34983],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143610,125207,143611,140],{},[214,143612,125210],{"href":51257},[47,143614,221],{"id":220},[20,143616,26763],{},[29,143618,143619,143624],{},[32,143620,143621],{},[15,143622,143623],{},"string.strip()",[32,143625,143626],{},[15,143627,143628],{},"string.strip(chars)",[887,143630,143632],{"id":143631},"stringstrip",[15,143633,143623],{},[20,143635,143636],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[52,143638,143640],{"className":54,"code":143639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143641,143642,143655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143643,143644,143646,143648,143650,143653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143645,8159],{"class":67},[61,143647,72],{"class":71},[61,143649,515],{"class":503},[61,143651,143652],{"class":507},"  Alice  ",[61,143654,3639],{"class":503},[61,143656,143657,143659,143661,143663,143665,143667],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143658,160],{"class":159},[61,143660,147],{"class":75},[61,143662,7949],{"class":143},[61,143664,140],{"class":75},[61,143666,8917],{"class":143},[61,143668,7474],{"class":75},[20,143670,1598],{},[52,143672,143674],{"className":54,"code":143673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Alice\n",[15,143675,143676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143677,143678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143679,143673],{"class":67},[887,143681,143683],{"id":143682},"stringstripchars",[15,143684,143628],{},[20,143686,143687],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[52,143689,143691],{"className":54,"code":143690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143692,143693,143706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143694,143695,143697,143699,143701,143704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143696,34962],{"class":67},[61,143698,72],{"class":71},[61,143700,515],{"class":503},[61,143702,143703],{"class":507},"!!hello??",[61,143705,3639],{"class":503},[61,143707,143708,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143725,143727],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143709,160],{"class":159},[61,143711,147],{"class":75},[61,143713,34983],{"class":143},[61,143715,140],{"class":75},[61,143717,8917],{"class":143},[61,143719,147],{"class":75},[61,143721,504],{"class":503},[61,143723,143724],{"class":507},"!?",[61,143726,504],{"class":503},[61,143728,1761],{"class":75},[20,143730,1598],{},[52,143732,143733],{"className":54,"code":138770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,143734,143735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143736,143737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143738,138770],{"class":67},[20,143740,84096],{},[29,143742,143743,143748],{},[32,143744,143745,143747],{},[15,143746,134714],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[32,143749,143750,143751,143753],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143752,134714],{}," does not matter",[47,143755,143757,143758],{"id":143756},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143759,41932],{},[20,143761,31160,143762,140],{},[15,143763,41932],{},[20,143765,143766],{},"It is useful for:",[29,143768,143769,143774,143777,143780],{},[32,143770,143771,143772,4168],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143773,3239],{},[32,143775,143776],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[32,143778,143779],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[32,143781,143782],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143784,48642],{},[52,143786,143788],{"className":54,"code":143787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143789,143790,143803,143819,143823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143791,143792,143794,143796,143798,143801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143793,8244],{"class":67},[61,143795,72],{"class":71},[61,143797,515],{"class":503},[61,143799,143800],{"class":507},"  sam  ",[61,143802,3639],{"class":503},[61,143804,143805,143808,143810,143813,143815,143817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143806,143807],{"class":67},"clean_username ",[61,143809,72],{"class":71},[61,143811,143812],{"class":67}," username",[61,143814,140],{"class":75},[61,143816,8917],{"class":143},[61,143818,8926],{"class":75},[61,143820,143821],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143822,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,143824,143825,143827,143829,143832],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,143826,160],{"class":159},[61,143828,147],{"class":75},[61,143830,143831],{"class":143},"clean_username",[61,143833,153],{"class":75},[20,143835,1598],{},[52,143837,143839],{"className":54,"code":143838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sam\n",[15,143840,143841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143842,143843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143844,143838],{"class":67},[20,143846,143847],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[52,143849,143851],{"className":54,"code":143850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143852,143853,143866,143870,143892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143854,143855,143857,143859,143861,143864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143856,136698],{"class":67},[61,143858,72],{"class":71},[61,143860,515],{"class":503},[61,143862,143863],{"class":507}," yes  ",[61,143865,3639],{"class":503},[61,143867,143868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143869,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,143871,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143873,7277],{"class":4158},[61,143875,136718],{"class":67},[61,143877,140],{"class":75},[61,143879,8917],{"class":143},[61,143881,7646],{"class":75},[61,143883,6688],{"class":71},[61,143885,515],{"class":503},[61,143887,8941],{"class":507},[61,143889,504],{"class":503},[61,143891,6673],{"class":75},[61,143893,143894,143896,143898,143900,143903,143905],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,143895,8352],{"class":159},[61,143897,147],{"class":75},[61,143899,504],{"class":503},[61,143901,143902],{"class":507},"Matched",[61,143904,504],{"class":503},[61,143906,153],{"class":75},[20,143908,1598],{},[52,143910,143912],{"className":54,"code":143911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Matched\n",[15,143913,143914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143915,143916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143917,143911],{"class":67},[20,143919,143920,143921,140],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[214,143922,143924],{"href":143923},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143926,143927],{},"Example with file-style text:",[52,143929,143931],{"className":54,"code":143930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143932,143933,143949,143963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143934,143935,143938,143940,143942,143945,143947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143936,143937],{"class":67},"line ",[61,143939,72],{"class":71},[61,143941,515],{"class":503},[61,143943,143944],{"class":507},"Python basics",[61,143946,87428],{"class":34728},[61,143948,3639],{"class":503},[61,143950,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143952,160],{"class":159},[61,143954,147],{"class":75},[61,143956,42058],{"class":159},[61,143958,147],{"class":75},[61,143960,63],{"class":143},[61,143962,1761],{"class":75},[61,143964,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975,143977,143979],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,143966,160],{"class":159},[61,143968,147],{"class":75},[61,143970,42058],{"class":159},[61,143972,147],{"class":75},[61,143974,63],{"class":143},[61,143976,140],{"class":75},[61,143978,8917],{"class":143},[61,143980,6569],{"class":75},[20,143982,1598],{},[52,143984,143986],{"className":54,"code":143985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143987,143988,143999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143989,143990,143992,143994,143997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143991,630],{"class":43607},[61,143993,143944],{"class":43611},[61,143995,87428],{"class":143996},"sfi6f",[61,143998,29976],{"class":43607},[61,144000,144001,144003,144005],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144002,630],{"class":43607},[61,144004,143944],{"class":43611},[61,144006,29976],{"class":43607},[20,144008,716,144009,144011,144012,140],{},[15,144010,122669],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144013,87428],{},[20,144015,144016,144017,140],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[214,144018,144019],{"href":88081},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[47,144021,144023],{"id":144022},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144025,144026,144027,140],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144028,144029],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144031,144032],{},"Python will:",[29,144034,144035,144038,144041],{},[32,144036,144037],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[32,144039,144040],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[32,144042,144043],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144045,368],{},[52,144047,144049],{"className":54,"code":144048,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144050,144051,144064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059,144062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144054,34962],{"class":67},[61,144056,72],{"class":71},[61,144058,515],{"class":503},[61,144060,144061],{"class":507},"??hello!!",[61,144063,3639],{"class":503},[61,144065,144066,144068,144070,144072,144074,144076,144078,144080,144082,144084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144067,160],{"class":159},[61,144069,147],{"class":75},[61,144071,34983],{"class":143},[61,144073,140],{"class":75},[61,144075,8917],{"class":143},[61,144077,147],{"class":75},[61,144079,504],{"class":503},[61,144081,143724],{"class":507},[61,144083,504],{"class":503},[61,144085,1761],{"class":75},[20,144087,1598],{},[52,144089,144090],{"className":54,"code":138770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,144091,144092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144093,144094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144095,138770],{"class":67},[20,144097,52362],{},[52,144099,144101],{"className":54,"code":144100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144102,144103,144116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144104,144105,144107,144109,144111,144114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144106,34962],{"class":67},[61,144108,72],{"class":71},[61,144110,515],{"class":503},[61,144112,144113],{"class":507},"abcHelloCba",[61,144115,3639],{"class":503},[61,144117,144118,144120,144122,144124,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134,144136],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144119,160],{"class":159},[61,144121,147],{"class":75},[61,144123,34983],{"class":143},[61,144125,140],{"class":75},[61,144127,8917],{"class":143},[61,144129,147],{"class":75},[61,144131,504],{"class":503},[61,144133,41839],{"class":507},[61,144135,504],{"class":503},[61,144137,1761],{"class":75},[20,144139,1598],{},[52,144141,144143],{"className":54,"code":144142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloC\n",[15,144144,144145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144146,144147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144148,144142],{"class":67},[20,144150,6515],{},[20,144152,144153,14334,144156,144158,144159,144161,144162,1830,144164,2477,144166,144168],{},[15,144154,144155],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[39,144157,4909],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144160,41839],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144163,214],{},[15,144165,329],{},[15,144167,1071],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144170,144171],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144173,144174,144175,6910],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[214,144176,144177],{"href":130036},[15,144178,124626],{},[47,144180,144182,1310,144184,1310,144187],{"id":144181},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144183,41932],{},[15,144185,144186],{},"lstrip()",[15,144188,144189],{},"rstrip()",[20,144191,144192],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[29,144194,144195,144200,144205],{},[32,144196,144197,144199],{},[15,144198,41932],{}," removes from both ends",[32,144201,144202,144204],{},[15,144203,144186],{}," removes from the left side only",[32,144206,144207,144209],{},[15,144208,144189],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144211,368],{},[52,144213,144215],{"className":54,"code":144214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144216,144217,144229,144233,144251,144270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144218,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144220,34962],{"class":67},[61,144222,72],{"class":71},[61,144224,515],{"class":503},[61,144226,143462],{"class":507},[61,144228,3639],{"class":503},[61,144230,144231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144232,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,144234,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247,144249],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144236,160],{"class":159},[61,144238,147],{"class":75},[61,144240,42058],{"class":159},[61,144242,147],{"class":75},[61,144244,34983],{"class":143},[61,144246,140],{"class":75},[61,144248,8917],{"class":143},[61,144250,6569],{"class":75},[61,144252,144253,144255,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144268],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144254,160],{"class":159},[61,144256,147],{"class":75},[61,144258,42058],{"class":159},[61,144260,147],{"class":75},[61,144262,34983],{"class":143},[61,144264,140],{"class":75},[61,144266,144267],{"class":143},"lstrip",[61,144269,6569],{"class":75},[61,144271,144272,144274,144276,144278,144280,144282,144284,144287],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,144273,160],{"class":159},[61,144275,147],{"class":75},[61,144277,42058],{"class":159},[61,144279,147],{"class":75},[61,144281,34983],{"class":143},[61,144283,140],{"class":75},[61,144285,144286],{"class":143},"rstrip",[61,144288,6569],{"class":75},[20,144290,1598],{},[52,144292,144294],{"className":54,"code":144293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144295,144296,144304,144313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144297,144298,144300,144302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144299,630],{"class":43607},[61,144301,4126],{"class":43611},[61,144303,29976],{"class":43607},[61,144305,144306,144308,144311],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144307,630],{"class":43607},[61,144309,144310],{"class":43611},"hello  ",[61,144312,29976],{"class":43607},[61,144314,144315,144317,144320],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144316,630],{"class":43607},[61,144318,144319],{"class":43611},"  hello",[61,144321,29976],{"class":43607},[20,144323,144324],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[47,144326,108615],{"id":108614},[20,144328,144329],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[29,144331,144332,144340,144350,144353],{},[32,144333,144334,144336,144337,144339],{},[15,144335,144155],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144338,41808],{}," once",[32,144341,144342,144343,1830,144345,2477,144347,144349],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144344,214],{},[15,144346,329],{},[15,144348,1071],{}," from both ends",[32,144351,144352],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[32,144354,144355],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144357,368],{},[52,144359,144361],{"className":54,"code":144360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144362,144363,144376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144364,144365,144367,144369,144371,144374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144366,126538],{"class":67},[61,144368,72],{"class":71},[61,144370,515],{"class":503},[61,144372,144373],{"class":507},"txt_report.txt",[61,144375,3639],{"class":503},[61,144377,144378,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388,144390,144392,144394,144396],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144379,160],{"class":159},[61,144381,147],{"class":75},[61,144383,126556],{"class":143},[61,144385,140],{"class":75},[61,144387,8917],{"class":143},[61,144389,147],{"class":75},[61,144391,504],{"class":503},[61,144393,126591],{"class":507},[61,144395,504],{"class":503},[61,144397,1761],{"class":75},[20,144399,1598],{},[52,144401,144403],{"className":54,"code":144402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"_report\n",[15,144404,144405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144406,144407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144408,144402],{"class":67},[20,144410,144411,144412,1830,144414,2477,144416,144418],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144413,140],{},[15,144415,1276],{},[15,144417,2458],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144420,53936,144421,5062,144424,144426],{},[15,144422,144423],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[39,144425,4909],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144428,144429,144430,144434],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[214,144431,144432],{"href":130036},[15,144433,124626],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[47,144436,5240,144438],{"id":144437},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144439,41932],{},[20,144441,1503,144442,144444],{},[15,144443,41932],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144446,36702],{},[29,144448,144449,144453,144455,144458],{},[32,144450,143771,144451,4168],{},[15,144452,3239],{},[32,144454,143776],{},[32,144456,144457],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[32,144459,144460],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144462,368],{},[52,144464,144466],{"className":54,"code":144465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144467,144468,144482,144486,144499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144469,144470,144473,144475,144477,144480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144471,144472],{"class":67},"email ",[61,144474,72],{"class":71},[61,144476,515],{"class":503},[61,144478,144479],{"class":507},"  user@example.com  ",[61,144481,3639],{"class":503},[61,144483,144484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144485,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,144487,144488,144490,144493,144495,144497],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144489,7277],{"class":4158},[61,144491,144492],{"class":67}," email",[61,144494,140],{"class":75},[61,144496,8917],{"class":143},[61,144498,21874],{"class":75},[61,144500,144501,144503,144505,144507,144510,144512],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144502,8352],{"class":159},[61,144504,147],{"class":75},[61,144506,504],{"class":503},[61,144508,144509],{"class":507},"Email was entered",[61,144511,504],{"class":503},[61,144513,153],{"class":75},[20,144515,1598],{},[52,144517,144519],{"className":54,"code":144518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Email was entered\n",[15,144520,144521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144522,144523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144524,144518],{"class":67},[20,144526,144527,144528,144530,144531,140],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144529,41932],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[214,144532,144533],{"href":124182},[15,144534,124185],{},[47,144536,3111],{"id":3110},[20,144538,84515],{},[29,144540,144541,144545,144550,144555],{},[32,144542,1524,144543,131675],{},[15,144544,41932],{},[32,144546,1524,144547,144549],{},[15,144548,41932],{}," to remove text from the middle",[32,144551,716,144552,144554],{},[15,144553,144423],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[32,144556,4983,144557,144560],{},[15,144558,144559],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144562,144563],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[52,144565,144567],{"className":54,"code":144566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144568,144569,144583,144587,144597,144611,144625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144570,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144572,34962],{"class":67},[61,144574,72],{"class":71},[61,144576,515],{"class":503},[61,144578,144319],{"class":507},[61,144580,87428],{"class":34728},[61,144582,3639],{"class":503},[61,144584,144585],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144586,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,144588,144589,144591,144593,144595],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144590,160],{"class":159},[61,144592,147],{"class":75},[61,144594,34983],{"class":143},[61,144596,153],{"class":75},[61,144598,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607,144609],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144600,160],{"class":159},[61,144602,147],{"class":75},[61,144604,42058],{"class":159},[61,144606,147],{"class":75},[61,144608,34983],{"class":143},[61,144610,1761],{"class":75},[61,144612,144613,144615,144617,144619,144621,144623],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,144614,160],{"class":159},[61,144616,147],{"class":75},[61,144618,34983],{"class":143},[61,144620,140],{"class":75},[61,144622,8917],{"class":143},[61,144624,7474],{"class":75},[61,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639,144641],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,144628,160],{"class":159},[61,144630,147],{"class":75},[61,144632,42058],{"class":159},[61,144634,147],{"class":75},[61,144636,34983],{"class":143},[61,144638,140],{"class":75},[61,144640,8917],{"class":143},[61,144642,6569],{"class":75},[20,144644,1598],{},[52,144646,144648],{"className":54,"code":144647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144649,144650,144655,144659,144669,144673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144651,144652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144653,144654],{"class":67},"  hello\n",[61,144656,144657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144658,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,144660,144661,144663,144665,144667],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144662,630],{"class":43607},[61,144664,144319],{"class":43611},[61,144666,87428],{"class":143996},[61,144668,29976],{"class":43607},[61,144670,144671],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144672,138770],{"class":67},[61,144674,144675,144677,144679],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,144676,630],{"class":43607},[61,144678,4126],{"class":43611},[61,144680,29976],{"class":43607},[20,144682,144683],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[52,144685,144687],{"className":54,"code":144686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144688,144689,144699,144713,144727,144745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144690,144691,144693,144695,144697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144692,160],{"class":159},[61,144694,147],{"class":75},[61,144696,34983],{"class":143},[61,144698,153],{"class":75},[61,144700,144701,144703,144705,144707,144709,144711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144702,160],{"class":159},[61,144704,147],{"class":75},[61,144706,42058],{"class":159},[61,144708,147],{"class":75},[61,144710,34983],{"class":143},[61,144712,1761],{"class":75},[61,144714,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723,144725],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144716,160],{"class":159},[61,144718,147],{"class":75},[61,144720,34983],{"class":143},[61,144722,140],{"class":75},[61,144724,8917],{"class":143},[61,144726,7474],{"class":75},[61,144728,144729,144731,144733,144735,144737,144739,144741,144743],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144730,160],{"class":159},[61,144732,147],{"class":75},[61,144734,42058],{"class":159},[61,144736,147],{"class":75},[61,144738,34983],{"class":143},[61,144740,140],{"class":75},[61,144742,8917],{"class":143},[61,144744,6569],{"class":75},[61,144746,144747,144749,144751,144753,144755,144757],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,144748,2093],{"class":159},[61,144750,147],{"class":75},[61,144752,3724],{"class":2071},[61,144754,140],{"class":75},[61,144756,8917],{"class":2103},[61,144758,153],{"class":75},[20,144760,144761,144763],{},[15,144762,122669],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[47,144765,2109],{"id":2108},[887,144767,2113,144769,144771],{"id":144768},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144770,41932],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144773,46645,144774,144776],{},[15,144775,41932],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[887,144778,2113,144780,124782],{"id":144779},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144781,41932],{},[20,144783,144784],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[887,144786,5422,144788,144790],{"id":144787},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144789,41932],{}," remove by default?",[20,144792,144793],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[887,144795,34480,144797,34483,144799,2159],{"id":144796},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144798,41932],{},[15,144800,124626],{},[20,144802,144803,144805,144806,144808],{},[15,144804,41932],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144807,124626],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[887,144810,144812],{"id":144811},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144814,128328,144815,144817,144818,144820],{},[15,144816,144186],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144819,144189],{}," for the right side.",[47,144822,2172],{"id":2171},[29,144824,144825,144831,144837,144842,144847],{},[32,144826,144827],{},[214,144828,126455,144829,1516],{"href":124182},[15,144830,124185],{},[32,144832,144833],{},[214,144834,126455,144835,1516],{"href":130036},[15,144836,124626],{},[32,144838,144839],{},[214,144840,144841],{"href":143923},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[32,144843,144844],{},[214,144845,144846],{"href":88081},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[32,144848,144849],{},[214,144850,125210],{"href":51257},[2204,144852,144853],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":144855},[144856,144857,144859,144863,144865,144866,144868,144869,144871,144872,144883],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":143508,"depth":97,"text":144858},"What strip() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":144860},[144861,144862],{"id":143631,"depth":122,"text":143623},{"id":143682,"depth":122,"text":143628},{"id":143756,"depth":97,"text":144864},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144022,"depth":97,"text":144023},{"id":144181,"depth":97,"text":144867},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108614,"depth":97,"text":108615},{"id":144437,"depth":97,"text":144870},"When to use strip()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":144873},[144874,144876,144878,144880,144882],{"id":144768,"depth":122,"text":144875},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144779,"depth":122,"text":144877},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144787,"depth":122,"text":144879},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144796,"depth":122,"text":144881},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144811,"depth":122,"text":144812},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143429,"description":144884},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144891,"title":144892,"body":144893,"description":146073,"extension":2249,"meta":146074,"navigation":125,"path":146075,"seo":146076,"stem":146077,"__hash__":146078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144894,"toc":146043},[144895,144900,144905,144910,144912,144958,144966,144971,144985,144991,144993,144995,145010,145012,145022,145025,145056,145059,145082,145084,145087,145144,145146,145160,145162,145176,145182,145187,145190,145231,145233,145242,145250,145253,145298,145300,145309,145312,145316,145321,145335,145337,145369,145371,145391,145394,145399,145404,145406,145417,145420,145477,145479,145487,145496,145498,145500,145506,145508,145545,145547,145555,145557,145598,145600,145609,145614,145619,145621,145648,145655,145658,145689,145691,145700,145706,145715,145746,145748,145760,145773,145777,145782,145812,145814,145881,145883,145893,145895,145900,145903,145908,145913,145917,145923,145929,145932,145934,145992,145994,146002,146004,146040],[10,144896,123455,144898,18],{"id":144897},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144899,128333],{},[20,144901,123460,144902,144904],{},[15,144903,128333],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144906,84892,144907,144909],{},[15,144908,128333],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[47,144911,50],{"id":49},[52,144913,144915],{"className":54,"code":144914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144916,144917,144929,144943,144953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144918,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144920,34962],{"class":67},[61,144922,72],{"class":71},[61,144924,515],{"class":503},[61,144926,129174],{"class":507},[61,144928,3639],{"class":503},[61,144930,144931,144933,144935,144937,144939,144941],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144932,132],{"class":67},[61,144934,72],{"class":71},[61,144936,43120],{"class":67},[61,144938,140],{"class":75},[61,144940,34752],{"class":143},[61,144942,8926],{"class":75},[61,144944,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,144946,160],{"class":159},[61,144948,147],{"class":75},[61,144950,165],{"class":143},[61,144952,153],{"class":75},[61,144954,144955],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,144956,144957],{"class":173},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144959,144960,144962,144963,144965],{},[15,144961,128333],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[39,144964,4909],{}," change the original string in place.",[47,144967,184,144969,187],{"id":144968},"what-upper-does",[15,144970,128333],{},[29,144972,144973,144978,144981,144983],{},[32,144974,144975,144977],{},[15,144976,128333],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[32,144979,144980],{},"It works on string values only",[32,144982,133703],{},[32,144984,136421],{},[20,144986,125207,144987,3159,144989,140],{},[214,144988,136427],{"href":136426},[214,144990,125210],{"href":51257},[47,144992,221],{"id":220},[20,144994,2444],{},[52,144996,144998],{"className":54,"code":144997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.upper()\n",[15,144999,145000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145001,145002,145004,145006,145008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145003,61455],{"class":67},[61,145005,140],{"class":75},[61,145007,34752],{"class":143},[61,145009,8926],{"class":75},[20,145011,11739],{},[29,145013,145014,145016,145019],{},[32,145015,97798],{},[32,145017,145018],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[32,145020,145021],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145023,145024],{},"Example with a variable:",[52,145026,145028],{"className":54,"code":145027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145029,145030,145042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145031,145032,145034,145036,145038,145040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145033,8159],{"class":67},[61,145035,72],{"class":71},[61,145037,515],{"class":503},[61,145039,56],{"class":507},[61,145041,3639],{"class":503},[61,145043,145044,145046,145048,145050,145052,145054],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145045,160],{"class":159},[61,145047,147],{"class":75},[61,145049,7949],{"class":143},[61,145051,140],{"class":75},[61,145053,34752],{"class":143},[61,145055,7474],{"class":75},[20,145057,145058],{},"Example with a string literal:",[52,145060,145062],{"className":54,"code":145061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145063,145064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145065,145066,145068,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078,145080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145067,160],{"class":159},[61,145069,147],{"class":75},[61,145071,504],{"class":503},[61,145073,4126],{"class":507},[61,145075,504],{"class":503},[61,145077,140],{"class":75},[61,145079,34752],{"class":143},[61,145081,7474],{"class":75},[47,145083,483],{"id":482},[20,145085,145086],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[52,145088,145090],{"className":54,"code":145089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145091,145092,145104,145119,145123,145133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145093,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145095,6435],{"class":67},[61,145097,72],{"class":71},[61,145099,515],{"class":503},[61,145101,518],{"class":507},[61,145103,3639],{"class":503},[61,145105,145106,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145107,145108],{"class":67},"uppercase_word ",[61,145110,72],{"class":71},[61,145112,38658],{"class":67},[61,145114,140],{"class":75},[61,145116,34752],{"class":143},[61,145118,8926],{"class":75},[61,145120,145121],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145122,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145126,160],{"class":159},[61,145128,147],{"class":75},[61,145130,38668],{"class":143},[61,145132,153],{"class":75},[61,145134,145135,145137,145139,145142],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,145136,160],{"class":159},[61,145138,147],{"class":75},[61,145140,145141],{"class":143},"uppercase_word",[61,145143,153],{"class":75},[20,145145,1598],{},[52,145147,145149],{"className":54,"code":145148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145150,145151,145155],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145152,145153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145154,70682],{"class":67},[61,145156,145157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145158,145159],{"class":34728},"BANANA\n",[20,145161,692],{},[29,145163,145164,145169],{},[32,145165,145166,145168],{},[15,145167,38668],{}," keeps its original value",[32,145170,145171,145173,145174],{},[15,145172,145141],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145175,128333],{},[47,145177,145179,145181],{"id":145178},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145180,128333],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145183,137087,145184,145186],{},[39,145185,137090],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145188,145189],{},"So this method:",[52,145191,145193],{"className":54,"code":145192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145194,145195,145207,145217,145221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145196,145197,145199,145201,145203,145205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145198,8159],{"class":67},[61,145200,72],{"class":71},[61,145202,515],{"class":503},[61,145204,18083],{"class":507},[61,145206,3639],{"class":503},[61,145208,145209,145211,145213,145215],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145210,7949],{"class":67},[61,145212,140],{"class":75},[61,145214,34752],{"class":143},[61,145216,8926],{"class":75},[61,145218,145219],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145220,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145222,145223,145225,145227,145229],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145224,160],{"class":159},[61,145226,147],{"class":75},[61,145228,7949],{"class":143},[61,145230,153],{"class":75},[20,145232,1598],{},[52,145234,145236],{"className":54,"code":145235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"alice\n",[15,145237,145238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145239,145240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145241,145235],{"class":67},[20,145243,1010,145244,145246,145247,145249],{},[15,145245,128333],{}," was called, ",[15,145248,7949],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145251,145252],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[52,145254,145256],{"className":54,"code":145255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145257,145258,145270,145284,145288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145259,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145261,8159],{"class":67},[61,145263,72],{"class":71},[61,145265,515],{"class":503},[61,145267,18083],{"class":507},[61,145269,3639],{"class":503},[61,145271,145272,145274,145276,145278,145280,145282],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145273,8159],{"class":67},[61,145275,72],{"class":71},[61,145277,36268],{"class":67},[61,145279,140],{"class":75},[61,145281,34752],{"class":143},[61,145283,8926],{"class":75},[61,145285,145286],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145287,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145289,145290,145292,145294,145296],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145291,160],{"class":159},[61,145293,147],{"class":75},[61,145295,7949],{"class":143},[61,145297,153],{"class":75},[20,145299,1598],{},[52,145301,145303],{"className":54,"code":145302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ALICE\n",[15,145304,145305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145306,145307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145308,145302],{"class":34728},[20,145310,145311],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[47,145313,145315],{"id":145314},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145317,145318,145320],{},[15,145319,128333],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[29,145322,145323,145326,145329,145332],{},[32,145324,145325],{},"Numbers stay the same",[32,145327,145328],{},"Spaces stay the same",[32,145330,145331],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[32,145333,145334],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145336,368],{},[52,145338,145340],{"className":54,"code":145339,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145341,145342,145355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145343,145344,145346,145348,145350,145353],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145345,34962],{"class":67},[61,145347,72],{"class":71},[61,145349,515],{"class":503},[61,145351,145352],{"class":507},"Room 7, table #3!",[61,145354,3639],{"class":503},[61,145356,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365,145367],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145358,160],{"class":159},[61,145360,147],{"class":75},[61,145362,34983],{"class":143},[61,145364,140],{"class":75},[61,145366,34752],{"class":143},[61,145368,7474],{"class":75},[20,145370,1598],{},[52,145372,145374],{"className":54,"code":145373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145375,145376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145377,145378,145381,145383,145385,145388],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145379,145380],{"class":34728},"ROOM",[61,145382,6274],{"class":79},[61,145384,83],{"class":75},[61,145386,145387],{"class":34728}," TABLE",[61,145389,145390],{"class":173}," #3!\n",[20,145392,145393],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[47,145395,5240,145397],{"id":145396},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145398,128333],{},[20,145400,145401,145403],{},[15,145402,128333],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145405,48620],{},[29,145407,145408,145411,145414],{},[32,145409,145410],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[32,145412,145413],{},"Format labels or headings",[32,145415,145416],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145418,145419],{},"Example: simple comparison",[52,145421,145423],{"className":54,"code":145422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145424,145425,145437,145441,145463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145426,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145428,136698],{"class":67},[61,145430,72],{"class":71},[61,145432,515],{"class":503},[61,145434,8941],{"class":507},[61,145436,3639],{"class":503},[61,145438,145439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145440,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145442,145443,145445,145447,145449,145451,145453,145455,145457,145459,145461],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145444,7277],{"class":4158},[61,145446,136718],{"class":67},[61,145448,140],{"class":75},[61,145450,34752],{"class":143},[61,145452,7646],{"class":75},[61,145454,6688],{"class":71},[61,145456,515],{"class":503},[61,145458,136705],{"class":507},[61,145460,504],{"class":503},[61,145462,6673],{"class":75},[61,145464,145465,145467,145469,145471,145473,145475],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145466,8352],{"class":159},[61,145468,147],{"class":75},[61,145470,504],{"class":503},[61,145472,143902],{"class":507},[61,145474,504],{"class":503},[61,145476,153],{"class":75},[20,145478,1598],{},[52,145480,145481],{"className":54,"code":143911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145482,145483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145484,145485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145486,143911],{"class":67},[20,145488,145489,145490,1830,145492,2477,145494,140],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145491,8941],{},[15,145493,137491],{},[15,145495,136705],{},[47,145497,3111],{"id":3110},[887,145499,96164],{"id":96163},[20,145501,8400,145502,145505],{},[15,145503,145504],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145507,16923],{},[52,145509,145511],{"className":54,"code":145510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145512,145513,145525,145535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145514,145515,145517,145519,145521,145523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145516,34962],{"class":67},[61,145518,72],{"class":71},[61,145520,515],{"class":503},[61,145522,4126],{"class":507},[61,145524,3639],{"class":503},[61,145526,145527,145529,145531,145533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145528,34983],{"class":67},[61,145530,140],{"class":75},[61,145532,34752],{"class":143},[61,145534,8926],{"class":75},[61,145536,145537,145539,145541,145543],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145538,160],{"class":159},[61,145540,147],{"class":75},[61,145542,34983],{"class":143},[61,145544,153],{"class":75},[20,145546,1598],{},[52,145548,145549],{"className":54,"code":138770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145550,145551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145552,145553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145554,138770],{"class":67},[20,145556,16935],{},[52,145558,145560],{"className":54,"code":145559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145561,145562,145574,145588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145563,145564,145566,145568,145570,145572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145565,34962],{"class":67},[61,145567,72],{"class":71},[61,145569,515],{"class":503},[61,145571,4126],{"class":507},[61,145573,3639],{"class":503},[61,145575,145576,145578,145580,145582,145584,145586],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145577,34962],{"class":67},[61,145579,72],{"class":71},[61,145581,43120],{"class":67},[61,145583,140],{"class":75},[61,145585,34752],{"class":143},[61,145587,8926],{"class":75},[61,145589,145590,145592,145594,145596],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145591,160],{"class":159},[61,145593,147],{"class":75},[61,145595,34983],{"class":143},[61,145597,153],{"class":75},[20,145599,1598],{},[52,145601,145603],{"className":54,"code":145602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO\n",[15,145604,145605],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145606,145607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145608,145602],{"class":34728},[887,145610,19186,145612,137377],{"id":145611},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145613,128333],{},[20,145615,145616,145618],{},[15,145617,128333],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145620,368],{},[52,145622,145624],{"className":54,"code":145623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145625,145626,145634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145627,145628,145630,145632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145629,2501],{"class":67},[61,145631,72],{"class":71},[61,145633,125137],{"class":79},[61,145635,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145637,160],{"class":159},[61,145639,147],{"class":75},[61,145641,2523],{"class":143},[61,145643,140],{"class":75},[61,145645,34752],{"class":143},[61,145647,7474],{"class":75},[20,145649,39931,145650,145652,145653,33875],{},[15,145651,2473],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145654,128333],{},[20,145656,145657],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[52,145659,145661],{"className":54,"code":145660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145662,145663,145671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145664,145665,145667,145669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145666,2501],{"class":67},[61,145668,72],{"class":71},[61,145670,125137],{"class":79},[61,145672,145673,145675,145677,145679,145681,145683,145685,145687],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145674,160],{"class":159},[61,145676,147],{"class":75},[61,145678,3724],{"class":2071},[61,145680,147],{"class":75},[61,145682,2523],{"class":143},[61,145684,8914],{"class":75},[61,145686,34752],{"class":143},[61,145688,7474],{"class":75},[20,145690,1598],{},[52,145692,145694],{"className":54,"code":145693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"123\n",[15,145695,145696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145697,145698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145699,145693],{"class":79},[887,145701,37480,145703,145705],{"id":145702},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145704,128333],{}," with title case",[20,145707,145708,145710,145711,145714],{},[15,145709,128333],{}," makes ",[39,145712,145713],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[52,145716,145718],{"className":54,"code":145717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145719,145720,145732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145721,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145723,34962],{"class":67},[61,145725,72],{"class":71},[61,145727,515],{"class":503},[61,145729,60689],{"class":507},[61,145731,3639],{"class":503},[61,145733,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742,145744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145735,160],{"class":159},[61,145737,147],{"class":75},[61,145739,34983],{"class":143},[61,145741,140],{"class":75},[61,145743,34752],{"class":143},[61,145745,7474],{"class":75},[20,145747,1598],{},[52,145749,145751],{"className":54,"code":145750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145752,145753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145754,145755,145757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145756,136479],{"class":34728},[61,145758,145759],{"class":34728}," WORLD\n",[20,145761,145762,145763,145767,145768,145772],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[214,145764,145765],{"href":124182},[15,145766,124185],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[214,145769,145770],{"href":130036},[15,145771,124626],{}," changes parts of a string.",[47,145774,145776],{"id":145775},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145778,145779,145780,192],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145781,128333],{},[29,145783,145784,145791,145798,145805],{},[32,145785,145786,145790],{},[214,145787,145788],{"href":124182},[15,145789,124185],{}," for lowercase text",[32,145792,145793,145797],{},[214,145794,145795],{"href":137025},[15,145796,41932],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[32,145799,145800,145804],{},[214,145801,145802],{"href":130036},[15,145803,124626],{}," for changing parts of a string",[32,145806,145807,700,145809,145811],{},[15,145808,127823],{},[15,145810,126513],{}," for checks",[20,145813,368],{},[52,145815,145817],{"className":54,"code":145816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145818,145819,145831,145835,145850,145866,145870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145820,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145822,34962],{"class":67},[61,145824,72],{"class":71},[61,145826,515],{"class":503},[61,145828,143553],{"class":507},[61,145830,3639],{"class":503},[61,145832,145833],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145834,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145836,145837,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145838,145839],{"class":67},"cleaned ",[61,145841,72],{"class":71},[61,145843,43120],{"class":67},[61,145845,140],{"class":75},[61,145847,8917],{"class":143},[61,145849,8926],{"class":75},[61,145851,145852,145855,145857,145860,145862,145864],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145853,145854],{"class":67},"loud ",[61,145856,72],{"class":71},[61,145858,145859],{"class":67}," cleaned",[61,145861,140],{"class":75},[61,145863,34752],{"class":143},[61,145865,8926],{"class":75},[61,145867,145868],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,145869,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145871,145872,145874,145876,145879],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,145873,160],{"class":159},[61,145875,147],{"class":75},[61,145877,145878],{"class":143},"loud",[61,145880,153],{"class":75},[20,145882,1598],{},[52,145884,145885],{"className":54,"code":145750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145886,145887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145888,145889,145891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145890,136479],{"class":34728},[61,145892,145759],{"class":34728},[47,145894,2109],{"id":2108},[887,145896,2113,145898,124782],{"id":145897},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145899,128333],{},[20,145901,145902],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[887,145904,2113,145906,137759],{"id":145905},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145907,128333],{},[20,145909,145910,145911,140],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145912,145504],{},[887,145914,145916],{"id":145915},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145918,145919,145920,145922],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145921,128333],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[887,145924,2133,145926,145928],{"id":145925},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145927,128333],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145930,145931],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145933,368],{},[52,145935,145937],{"className":54,"code":145936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145938,145939,145951,145964,145968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145940,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145942,37],{"class":67},[61,145944,72],{"class":71},[61,145946,515],{"class":503},[61,145948,56],{"class":507},[61,145950,3639],{"class":503},[61,145952,145953,145955,145957,145959,145962],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145954,294],{"class":67},[61,145956,72],{"class":71},[61,145958,515],{"class":503},[61,145960,145961],{"class":507},"PYTHON",[61,145963,3639],{"class":503},[61,145965,145966],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,145967,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,145969,145970,145972,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,145971,160],{"class":159},[61,145973,147],{"class":75},[61,145975,214],{"class":143},[61,145977,140],{"class":75},[61,145979,34752],{"class":143},[61,145981,7646],{"class":75},[61,145983,6688],{"class":71},[61,145985,2840],{"class":143},[61,145987,140],{"class":75},[61,145989,34752],{"class":143},[61,145991,7474],{"class":75},[20,145993,1598],{},[52,145995,145996],{"className":54,"code":4262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145997,145998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145999,146000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146001,4262],{"class":4133},[47,146003,2172],{"id":2171},[29,146005,146006,146010,146016,146022,146028,146032,146036],{},[32,146007,146008],{},[214,146009,125210],{"href":51257},[32,146011,146012],{},[214,146013,126455,146014,1516],{"href":124182},[15,146015,124185],{},[32,146017,146018],{},[214,146019,126455,146020,1516],{"href":137025},[15,146021,41932],{},[32,146023,146024],{},[214,146025,126455,146026,1516],{"href":130036},[15,146027,124626],{},[32,146029,146030],{},[214,146031,90958],{"href":89967},[32,146033,146034],{},[214,146035,124854],{"href":123710},[32,146037,146038],{},[214,146039,137845],{"href":136426},[2204,146041,146042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":146044},[146045,146046,146048,146049,146050,146052,146053,146055,146062,146063,146072],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":144968,"depth":97,"text":146047},"What upper() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":145178,"depth":97,"text":146051},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145314,"depth":97,"text":145315},{"id":145396,"depth":97,"text":146054},"When to use upper()",{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":146056},[146057,146058,146060],{"id":96163,"depth":122,"text":96164},{"id":145611,"depth":122,"text":146059},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145702,"depth":122,"text":146061},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145775,"depth":97,"text":145776},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":146064},[146065,146067,146069,146070],{"id":145897,"depth":122,"text":146066},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145905,"depth":122,"text":146068},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145915,"depth":122,"text":145916},{"id":145925,"depth":122,"text":146071},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144892,"description":146073},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146080,"title":146081,"body":146082,"description":147959,"extension":2249,"meta":147960,"navigation":125,"path":147961,"seo":147962,"stem":147963,"__hash__":147964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146083,"toc":147909},[146084,146090,146097,146103,146105,146161,146166,146171,146176,146179,146198,146201,146203,146227,146245,146256,146258,146261,146314,146316,146324,146326,146344,146349,146352,146409,146411,146420,146423,146443,146446,146452,146457,146459,146502,146504,146512,146515,146556,146558,146567,146573,146579,146606,146608,146616,146621,146625,146637,146680,146682,146690,146695,146701,146706,146710,146712,146755,146758,146805,146807,146816,146823,146827,146830,146876,146881,146885,146887,146930,146933,146941,146943,146948,146950,146952,146971,146974,146986,146988,147007,147009,147017,147021,147023,147074,147077,147152,147154,147162,147165,147169,147171,147218,147221,147292,147294,147302,147308,147310,147385,147389,147468,147470,147478,147484,147490,147495,147500,147549,147553,147624,147627,147632,147643,147646,147657,147667,147669,147674,147699,147704,147785,147787,147812,147814,147819,147822,147828,147837,147843,147846,147852,147858,147865,147868,147870,147906],[10,146085,13,146087,3860],{"id":146086},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146088,146089],{},"sum()",[20,146091,9406,146092,146094,146095,25039],{},[15,146093,146089],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146096,60281],{},[20,146098,146099,146100,146102],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146101,36349],{}," value and a few important limits.",[47,146104,50],{"id":49},[52,146106,146108],{"className":54,"code":146107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146109,146110,146134,146149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146111,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146113,900],{"class":67},[61,146115,72],{"class":71},[61,146117,926],{"class":75},[61,146119,80],{"class":79},[61,146121,83],{"class":75},[61,146123,86],{"class":79},[61,146125,83],{"class":75},[61,146127,91],{"class":79},[61,146129,83],{"class":75},[61,146131,112],{"class":79},[61,146133,943],{"class":75},[61,146135,146136,146138,146140,146143,146145,146147],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146137,41461],{"class":67},[61,146139,72],{"class":71},[61,146141,146142],{"class":159}," sum",[61,146144,147],{"class":75},[61,146146,3929],{"class":143},[61,146148,153],{"class":75},[61,146150,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,146152,160],{"class":159},[61,146154,147],{"class":75},[61,146156,41490],{"class":143},[61,146158,442],{"class":75},[61,146160,27071],{"class":173},[20,146162,1503,146163,146165],{},[15,146164,146089],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[47,146167,184,146169,187],{"id":146168},"what-sum-does",[15,146170,146089],{},[20,146172,146173,146175],{},[15,146174,146089],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146177,146178],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[29,146180,146181,146184,146187,146192],{},[32,146182,146183],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[32,146185,146186],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[32,146188,146189,146190],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146191,36474],{},[32,146193,146194,146195,146197],{},"Counting ",[15,146196,3885],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146199,146200],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[47,146202,221],{"id":220},[52,146204,146206],{"className":54,"code":146205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146207,146208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146209,146210,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146211,146212],{"class":159},"sum",[61,146214,147],{"class":75},[61,146216,4000],{"class":143},[61,146218,83],{"class":75},[61,146220,36328],{"class":9459},[61,146222,72],{"class":71},[61,146224,2405],{"class":79},[61,146226,153],{"class":75},[29,146228,146229,146234,146239],{},[32,146230,146231,146233],{},[15,146232,4000],{}," is the group of values to add",[32,146235,146236,146238],{},[15,146237,36349],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[32,146240,146241,146242],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146243,146244],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146246,146247,146248,146251,146252,140],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146249,146250,4000],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[214,146253,146254,24893],{"href":36471},[15,146255,36474],{},[47,146257,483],{"id":482},[20,146259,146260],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[52,146262,146264],{"className":54,"code":146263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146265,146266,146286,146300,146304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146267,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146269,900],{"class":67},[61,146271,72],{"class":71},[61,146273,926],{"class":75},[61,146275,1013],{"class":79},[61,146277,83],{"class":75},[61,146279,6285],{"class":79},[61,146281,83],{"class":75},[61,146283,38213],{"class":79},[61,146285,943],{"class":75},[61,146287,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146289,41461],{"class":67},[61,146291,72],{"class":71},[61,146293,146142],{"class":159},[61,146295,147],{"class":75},[61,146297,3929],{"class":143},[61,146299,153],{"class":75},[61,146301,146302],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,146303,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,146305,146306,146308,146310,146312],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,146307,160],{"class":159},[61,146309,147],{"class":75},[61,146311,41490],{"class":143},[61,146313,153],{"class":75},[20,146315,1598],{},[52,146317,146318],{"className":54,"code":70117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146319,146320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146321,146322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146323,70117],{"class":79},[20,146325,11963],{},[29,146327,146328,146333,146339],{},[32,146329,146330,146332],{},[15,146331,3929],{}," contains three integers",[32,146334,146335,146338],{},[15,146336,146337],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[32,146340,146341,146342],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146343,41490],{},[47,146345,36889,146347,8717],{"id":146346},"using-the-start-value",[15,146348,36349],{},[20,146350,146351],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[52,146353,146355],{"className":54,"code":146354,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146356,146357,146377,146395,146399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146358,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146360,900],{"class":67},[61,146362,72],{"class":71},[61,146364,926],{"class":75},[61,146366,80],{"class":79},[61,146368,83],{"class":75},[61,146370,86],{"class":79},[61,146372,83],{"class":75},[61,146374,91],{"class":79},[61,146376,943],{"class":75},[61,146378,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146380,41461],{"class":67},[61,146382,72],{"class":71},[61,146384,146142],{"class":159},[61,146386,147],{"class":75},[61,146388,3929],{"class":143},[61,146390,83],{"class":75},[61,146392,6285],{"class":79},[61,146394,153],{"class":75},[61,146396,146397],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,146398,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,146400,146401,146403,146405,146407],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,146402,160],{"class":159},[61,146404,147],{"class":75},[61,146406,41490],{"class":143},[61,146408,153],{"class":75},[20,146410,1598],{},[52,146412,146414],{"className":54,"code":146413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"16\n",[15,146415,146416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146417,146418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146419,146413],{"class":79},[20,146421,146422],{},"This works like:",[29,146424,146425,146430,146435,146439],{},[32,146426,146427,146428],{},"Start at ",[15,146429,2613],{},[32,146431,146432,146433],{},"Add ",[15,146434,80],{},[32,146436,146432,146437],{},[15,146438,301],{},[32,146440,146432,146441],{},[15,146442,107],{},[20,146444,146445],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[47,146447,184,146449,146451],{"id":146448},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146450,146089],{}," can work with",[20,146453,146454,146456],{},[15,146455,146089],{}," works with numeric values.",[887,146458,40703],{"id":40702},[52,146460,146462],{"className":54,"code":146461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146463,146464,146488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146465,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146467,4103],{"class":67},[61,146469,72],{"class":71},[61,146471,926],{"class":75},[61,146473,80],{"class":79},[61,146475,83],{"class":75},[61,146477,86],{"class":79},[61,146479,83],{"class":75},[61,146481,91],{"class":79},[61,146483,83],{"class":75},[61,146485,112],{"class":79},[61,146487,943],{"class":75},[61,146489,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146491,160],{"class":159},[61,146493,147],{"class":75},[61,146495,146212],{"class":159},[61,146497,147],{"class":75},[61,146499,5638],{"class":143},[61,146501,1761],{"class":75},[20,146503,1598],{},[52,146505,146506],{"className":54,"code":2659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146507,146508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146509,146510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146511,2659],{"class":79},[887,146513,146514],{"id":52328},"Floats",[52,146516,146518],{"className":54,"code":146517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146519,146520,146542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146521,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146535,146537,146540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146523,83323],{"class":67},[61,146525,72],{"class":71},[61,146527,926],{"class":75},[61,146529,41437],{"class":79},[61,146531,83],{"class":75},[61,146533,146534],{"class":79}," 3.75",[61,146536,83],{"class":75},[61,146538,146539],{"class":79}," 1.25",[61,146541,943],{"class":75},[61,146543,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146545,160],{"class":159},[61,146547,147],{"class":75},[61,146549,146212],{"class":159},[61,146551,147],{"class":75},[61,146553,83359],{"class":143},[61,146555,1761],{"class":75},[20,146557,1598],{},[52,146559,146561],{"className":54,"code":146560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.5\n",[15,146562,146563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146564,146565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146566,146560],{"class":79},[20,146568,146569,146570,140],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[214,146571,146572],{"href":2702},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[887,146574,146576,146577],{"id":146575},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146578,36474],{},[52,146580,146582],{"className":54,"code":146581,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146583,146584],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146585,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146587,160],{"class":159},[61,146589,147],{"class":75},[61,146591,146212],{"class":159},[61,146593,147],{"class":75},[61,146595,60281],{"class":159},[61,146597,147],{"class":75},[61,146599,80],{"class":79},[61,146601,83],{"class":75},[61,146603,37920],{"class":79},[61,146605,3193],{"class":75},[20,146607,1598],{},[52,146609,146610],{"className":54,"code":47321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146611,146612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146613,146614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146615,47321],{"class":79},[20,146617,1827,146618,140],{},[15,146619,146620],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[887,146622,146624],{"id":146623},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146626,146627,146628,146630,146631,700,146633,146630,146635,140],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146629,3885],{}," acts like ",[15,146632,80],{},[15,146634,3954],{},[15,146636,2405],{},[52,146638,146640],{"className":54,"code":146639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146641,146642,146666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146643,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146645,52248],{"class":67},[61,146647,72],{"class":71},[61,146649,926],{"class":75},[61,146651,3885],{"class":4133},[61,146653,83],{"class":75},[61,146655,4189],{"class":4133},[61,146657,83],{"class":75},[61,146659,4198],{"class":4133},[61,146661,83],{"class":75},[61,146663,4198],{"class":4133},[61,146665,943],{"class":75},[61,146667,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146669,160],{"class":159},[61,146671,147],{"class":75},[61,146673,146212],{"class":159},[61,146675,147],{"class":75},[61,146677,52301],{"class":143},[61,146679,1761],{"class":75},[20,146681,1598],{},[52,146683,146684],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146685,146686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146687,146688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146689,46897],{"class":79},[20,146691,146692,146693,140],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146694,3885],{},[47,146696,184,146698,146700],{"id":146697},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146699,146089],{}," does not work with",[20,146702,146703,146705],{},[15,146704,146089],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[887,146707,146709],{"id":146708},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146711,1904],{},[52,146713,146715],{"className":54,"code":146714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146716,146717,146741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146718,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146720,1778],{"class":67},[61,146722,72],{"class":71},[61,146724,926],{"class":75},[61,146726,504],{"class":503},[61,146728,4126],{"class":507},[61,146730,504],{"class":503},[61,146732,83],{"class":75},[61,146734,515],{"class":503},[61,146736,60874],{"class":507},[61,146738,504],{"class":503},[61,146740,943],{"class":75},[61,146742,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146744,160],{"class":159},[61,146746,147],{"class":75},[61,146748,146212],{"class":159},[61,146750,147],{"class":75},[61,146752,4394],{"class":143},[61,146754,1761],{"class":75},[20,146756,146757],{},"Use string joining instead:",[52,146759,146761],{"className":54,"code":146760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146762,146763,146787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146764,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146766,1778],{"class":67},[61,146768,72],{"class":71},[61,146770,926],{"class":75},[61,146772,504],{"class":503},[61,146774,4126],{"class":507},[61,146776,504],{"class":503},[61,146778,83],{"class":75},[61,146780,515],{"class":503},[61,146782,60874],{"class":507},[61,146784,504],{"class":503},[61,146786,943],{"class":75},[61,146788,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146790,160],{"class":159},[61,146792,147],{"class":75},[61,146794,6552],{"class":503},[61,146796,140],{"class":75},[61,146798,133614],{"class":143},[61,146800,147],{"class":75},[61,146802,4394],{"class":143},[61,146804,1761],{"class":75},[20,146806,1598],{},[52,146808,146810],{"className":54,"code":146809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"helloworld\n",[15,146811,146812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146813,146814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146815,146809],{"class":67},[20,146817,146818,146819,140],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[214,146820,146821,6063],{"href":42453},[15,146822,47964],{},[887,146824,146826],{"id":146825},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146828,146829],{},"This also causes an error:",[52,146831,146833],{"className":54,"code":146832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146834,146835,146862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146836,146837,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146838,146839],{"class":67},"lists ",[61,146841,72],{"class":71},[61,146843,56577],{"class":75},[61,146845,80],{"class":79},[61,146847,83],{"class":75},[61,146849,86],{"class":79},[61,146851,18342],{"class":75},[61,146853,926],{"class":75},[61,146855,107],{"class":79},[61,146857,83],{"class":75},[61,146859,112],{"class":79},[61,146861,53525],{"class":75},[61,146863,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146865,160],{"class":159},[61,146867,147],{"class":75},[61,146869,146212],{"class":159},[61,146871,147],{"class":75},[61,146873,5579],{"class":143},[61,146875,1761],{"class":75},[20,146877,146878,146880],{},[15,146879,146089],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[887,146882,146884],{"id":146883},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146886,5752],{},[52,146888,146890],{"className":54,"code":146889,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146891,146892,146916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146893,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146895,4103],{"class":67},[61,146897,72],{"class":71},[61,146899,926],{"class":75},[61,146901,80],{"class":79},[61,146903,83],{"class":75},[61,146905,86],{"class":79},[61,146907,83],{"class":75},[61,146909,515],{"class":503},[61,146911,107],{"class":507},[61,146913,504],{"class":503},[61,146915,943],{"class":75},[61,146917,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146919,160],{"class":159},[61,146921,147],{"class":75},[61,146923,146212],{"class":159},[61,146925,147],{"class":75},[61,146927,5638],{"class":143},[61,146929,1761],{"class":75},[20,146931,146932],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146934,146935,146936,146938,146939,140],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146937,66223],{},", convert them first. See ",[214,146940,3244],{"href":3243},[47,146942,41783],{"id":41782},[20,146944,146945,146946,140],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146947,146089],{},[887,146949,6803],{"id":6802},[20,146951,4804],{},[52,146953,146955],{"className":54,"code":146954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146956,146957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146958,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146960,160],{"class":159},[61,146962,147],{"class":75},[61,146964,146212],{"class":159},[61,146966,147],{"class":75},[61,146968,1013],{"class":79},[61,146970,1761],{"class":75},[20,146972,146973],{},"Why it fails:",[29,146975,146976,146981],{},[32,146977,146978,146980],{},[15,146979,1013],{}," is a single integer",[32,146982,146983,146985],{},[15,146984,146089],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146987,6833],{},[52,146989,146991],{"className":54,"code":146990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146992,146993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146994,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146996,160],{"class":159},[61,146998,147],{"class":75},[61,147000,146212],{"class":159},[61,147002,1878],{"class":75},[61,147004,1013],{"class":79},[61,147006,3279],{"class":75},[20,147008,1598],{},[52,147010,147011],{"className":54,"code":3228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147012,147013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147014,147015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147016,3228],{"class":79},[887,147018,147020],{"id":147019},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147022,4804],{},[52,147024,147026],{"className":54,"code":147025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147027,147028,147060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147029,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147031,4103],{"class":67},[61,147033,72],{"class":71},[61,147035,926],{"class":75},[61,147037,504],{"class":503},[61,147039,80],{"class":507},[61,147041,504],{"class":503},[61,147043,83],{"class":75},[61,147045,515],{"class":503},[61,147047,301],{"class":507},[61,147049,504],{"class":503},[61,147051,83],{"class":75},[61,147053,515],{"class":503},[61,147055,107],{"class":507},[61,147057,504],{"class":503},[61,147059,943],{"class":75},[61,147061,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147063,160],{"class":159},[61,147065,147],{"class":75},[61,147067,146212],{"class":159},[61,147069,147],{"class":75},[61,147071,5638],{"class":143},[61,147073,1761],{"class":75},[20,147075,147076],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[52,147078,147080],{"className":54,"code":147079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147081,147082,147114,147142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147083,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147085,4103],{"class":67},[61,147087,72],{"class":71},[61,147089,926],{"class":75},[61,147091,504],{"class":503},[61,147093,80],{"class":507},[61,147095,504],{"class":503},[61,147097,83],{"class":75},[61,147099,515],{"class":503},[61,147101,301],{"class":507},[61,147103,504],{"class":503},[61,147105,83],{"class":75},[61,147107,515],{"class":503},[61,147109,107],{"class":507},[61,147111,504],{"class":503},[61,147113,943],{"class":75},[61,147115,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147117,41461],{"class":67},[61,147119,72],{"class":71},[61,147121,146142],{"class":159},[61,147123,147],{"class":75},[61,147125,2473],{"class":2071},[61,147127,147],{"class":75},[61,147129,2458],{"class":143},[61,147131,442],{"class":75},[61,147133,4159],{"class":4158},[61,147135,4162],{"class":143},[61,147137,4165],{"class":4158},[61,147139,4168],{"class":143},[61,147141,153],{"class":75},[61,147143,147144,147146,147148,147150],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,147145,160],{"class":159},[61,147147,147],{"class":75},[61,147149,41490],{"class":143},[61,147151,153],{"class":75},[20,147153,1598],{},[52,147155,147156],{"className":54,"code":2935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147157,147158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147159,147160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147161,2935],{"class":79},[20,147163,147164],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[887,147166,147168],{"id":147167},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147170,4804],{},[52,147172,147174],{"className":54,"code":147173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147175,147176,147204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147177,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147179,4103],{"class":67},[61,147181,72],{"class":71},[61,147183,926],{"class":75},[61,147185,80],{"class":79},[61,147187,83],{"class":75},[61,147189,86],{"class":79},[61,147191,83],{"class":75},[61,147193,515],{"class":503},[61,147195,107],{"class":507},[61,147197,504],{"class":503},[61,147199,83],{"class":75},[61,147201,112],{"class":79},[61,147203,943],{"class":75},[61,147205,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147207,160],{"class":159},[61,147209,147],{"class":75},[61,147211,146212],{"class":159},[61,147213,147],{"class":75},[61,147215,5638],{"class":143},[61,147217,1761],{"class":75},[20,147219,147220],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[52,147222,147224],{"className":54,"code":147223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147225,147226,147254,147282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147227,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147229,4103],{"class":67},[61,147231,72],{"class":71},[61,147233,926],{"class":75},[61,147235,80],{"class":79},[61,147237,83],{"class":75},[61,147239,86],{"class":79},[61,147241,83],{"class":75},[61,147243,515],{"class":503},[61,147245,107],{"class":507},[61,147247,504],{"class":503},[61,147249,83],{"class":75},[61,147251,112],{"class":79},[61,147253,943],{"class":75},[61,147255,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147257,41461],{"class":67},[61,147259,72],{"class":71},[61,147261,146142],{"class":159},[61,147263,147],{"class":75},[61,147265,2473],{"class":2071},[61,147267,147],{"class":75},[61,147269,2458],{"class":143},[61,147271,442],{"class":75},[61,147273,4159],{"class":4158},[61,147275,4162],{"class":143},[61,147277,4165],{"class":4158},[61,147279,4168],{"class":143},[61,147281,153],{"class":75},[61,147283,147284,147286,147288,147290],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,147285,160],{"class":159},[61,147287,147],{"class":75},[61,147289,41490],{"class":143},[61,147291,153],{"class":75},[20,147293,1598],{},[52,147295,147296],{"className":54,"code":2659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147297,147298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147299,147300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147301,2659],{"class":79},[887,147303,716,147305,147307],{"id":147304},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147306,146089],{}," to join text",[20,147309,4804],{},[52,147311,147313],{"className":54,"code":147312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147314,147315,147371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147316,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147318,1028],{"class":67},[61,147320,72],{"class":71},[61,147322,926],{"class":75},[61,147324,504],{"class":503},[61,147326,134213],{"class":507},[61,147328,504],{"class":503},[61,147330,83],{"class":75},[61,147332,515],{"class":503},[61,147334,12025],{"class":507},[61,147336,504],{"class":503},[61,147338,83],{"class":75},[61,147340,515],{"class":503},[61,147342,1276],{"class":507},[61,147344,504],{"class":503},[61,147346,83],{"class":75},[61,147348,515],{"class":503},[61,147350,60721],{"class":507},[61,147352,504],{"class":503},[61,147354,83],{"class":75},[61,147356,515],{"class":503},[61,147358,60756],{"class":507},[61,147360,504],{"class":503},[61,147362,83],{"class":75},[61,147364,515],{"class":503},[61,147366,76306],{"class":507},[61,147368,504],{"class":503},[61,147370,943],{"class":75},[61,147372,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147374,160],{"class":159},[61,147376,147],{"class":75},[61,147378,146212],{"class":159},[61,147380,147],{"class":75},[61,147382,36419],{"class":143},[61,147384,1761],{"class":75},[20,147386,1503,147387,60815],{},[15,147388,133537],{},[52,147390,147392],{"className":54,"code":147391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147393,147394,147450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147395,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147397,1028],{"class":67},[61,147399,72],{"class":71},[61,147401,926],{"class":75},[61,147403,504],{"class":503},[61,147405,134213],{"class":507},[61,147407,504],{"class":503},[61,147409,83],{"class":75},[61,147411,515],{"class":503},[61,147413,12025],{"class":507},[61,147415,504],{"class":503},[61,147417,83],{"class":75},[61,147419,515],{"class":503},[61,147421,1276],{"class":507},[61,147423,504],{"class":503},[61,147425,83],{"class":75},[61,147427,515],{"class":503},[61,147429,60721],{"class":507},[61,147431,504],{"class":503},[61,147433,83],{"class":75},[61,147435,515],{"class":503},[61,147437,60756],{"class":507},[61,147439,504],{"class":503},[61,147441,83],{"class":75},[61,147443,515],{"class":503},[61,147445,76306],{"class":507},[61,147447,504],{"class":503},[61,147449,943],{"class":75},[61,147451,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147453,160],{"class":159},[61,147455,147],{"class":75},[61,147457,6552],{"class":503},[61,147459,140],{"class":75},[61,147461,133614],{"class":143},[61,147463,147],{"class":75},[61,147465,36419],{"class":143},[61,147467,1761],{"class":75},[20,147469,1598],{},[52,147471,147472],{"className":54,"code":134294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147473,147474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147475,147476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147477,134294],{"class":67},[20,147479,147480,147481,140],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[214,147482,147483],{"href":135375},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[47,147485,147487,147489],{"id":147486},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147488,146089],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147491,147492,147494],{},[15,147493,146089],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[887,147496,716,147498],{"id":147497},"using-sum",[15,147499,146089],{},[52,147501,147503],{"className":54,"code":147502,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147504,147505,147525,147539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147508,900],{"class":67},[61,147510,72],{"class":71},[61,147512,926],{"class":75},[61,147514,788],{"class":79},[61,147516,83],{"class":75},[61,147518,6274],{"class":79},[61,147520,83],{"class":75},[61,147522,54419],{"class":79},[61,147524,943],{"class":75},[61,147526,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147528,41461],{"class":67},[61,147530,72],{"class":71},[61,147532,146142],{"class":159},[61,147534,147],{"class":75},[61,147536,3929],{"class":143},[61,147538,153],{"class":75},[61,147540,147541,147543,147545,147547],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,147542,160],{"class":159},[61,147544,147],{"class":75},[61,147546,41490],{"class":143},[61,147548,153],{"class":75},[887,147550,147552],{"id":147551},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[52,147554,147556],{"className":54,"code":147555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147557,147558,147578,147586,147590,147602,147610,147614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147559,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147561,900],{"class":67},[61,147563,72],{"class":71},[61,147565,926],{"class":75},[61,147567,788],{"class":79},[61,147569,83],{"class":75},[61,147571,6274],{"class":79},[61,147573,83],{"class":75},[61,147575,54419],{"class":79},[61,147577,943],{"class":75},[61,147579,147580,147582,147584],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147581,41461],{"class":67},[61,147583,72],{"class":71},[61,147585,38790],{"class":79},[61,147587,147588],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,147589,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,147591,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,147593,6238],{"class":4158},[61,147595,6666],{"class":67},[61,147597,4165],{"class":4158},[61,147599,956],{"class":67},[61,147601,6673],{"class":75},[61,147603,147604,147606,147608],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,147605,90382],{"class":67},[61,147607,90385],{"class":71},[61,147609,90388],{"class":67},[61,147611,147612],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,147613,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,147615,147616,147618,147620,147622],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,147617,160],{"class":159},[61,147619,147],{"class":75},[61,147621,41490],{"class":143},[61,147623,153],{"class":75},[20,147625,147626],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147628,2771,147629,147631],{},[15,147630,146089],{}," is often better:",[29,147633,147634,147637,147640],{},[32,147635,147636],{},"Shorter code",[32,147638,147639],{},"Easier to read",[32,147641,147642],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147644,147645],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[29,147647,147648,147651,147654],{},[32,147649,147650],{},"You need to skip some values",[32,147652,147653],{},"You need extra checks",[32,147655,147656],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147658,147659,147660,147663,147664,147666],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[214,147661,147662],{"href":40286},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147665,146089],{}," on the filtered result.",[47,147668,3111],{"id":3110},[20,147670,147671,147672,192],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147673,146089],{},[29,147675,147676,147682,147689,147696],{},[32,147677,147678,147679],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147680,147681],{},"sum(5)",[32,147683,147684,147685,147688],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147686,147687],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[32,147690,716,147691,147693,147694],{},[15,147692,146089],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147695,133537],{},[32,147697,147698],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147700,9158,147701,147703],{},[15,147702,146089],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[52,147705,147707],{"className":54,"code":147706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147708,147709,147719,147733,147757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147710,147711,147713,147715,147717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147712,160],{"class":159},[61,147714,147],{"class":75},[61,147716,5638],{"class":143},[61,147718,153],{"class":75},[61,147720,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147722,160],{"class":159},[61,147724,147],{"class":75},[61,147726,2072],{"class":2071},[61,147728,147],{"class":75},[61,147730,5638],{"class":143},[61,147732,1761],{"class":75},[61,147734,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,147736,160],{"class":159},[61,147738,1878],{"class":75},[61,147740,2072],{"class":2071},[61,147742,147],{"class":75},[61,147744,2458],{"class":143},[61,147746,442],{"class":75},[61,147748,4159],{"class":4158},[61,147750,4162],{"class":143},[61,147752,4165],{"class":4158},[61,147754,4168],{"class":143},[61,147756,1887],{"class":75},[61,147758,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,147760,160],{"class":159},[61,147762,147],{"class":75},[61,147764,146212],{"class":159},[61,147766,1878],{"class":75},[61,147768,2473],{"class":2071},[61,147770,147],{"class":75},[61,147772,2458],{"class":143},[61,147774,442],{"class":75},[61,147776,4159],{"class":4158},[61,147778,4162],{"class":143},[61,147780,4165],{"class":4158},[61,147782,4168],{"class":143},[61,147784,3279],{"class":75},[20,147786,136108],{},[29,147788,147789,147795,147801,147806],{},[32,147790,147791,147794],{},[15,147792,147793],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[32,147796,147797,147800],{},[15,147798,147799],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[32,147802,147803,136130],{},[15,147804,147805],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[32,147807,147808,147811],{},[15,147809,147810],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[47,147813,2109],{"id":2108},[887,147815,5422,147817,5425],{"id":147816},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147818,146089],{},[20,147820,147821],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[887,147823,2123,147825,147827],{"id":147824},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147826,146089],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147829,30546,147830,3159,147833,147836],{},[15,147831,147832],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147834,147835],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[887,147838,2123,147840,147842],{"id":147839},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147841,146089],{}," work with floats?",[20,147844,147845],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[887,147847,147849,147850,2159],{"id":147848},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147851,146089],{},[20,147853,147854,147855,147857],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147856,36349],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[887,147859,5438,147861,119493,147863,2159],{"id":147860},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147862,146089],{},[15,147864,3285],{},[20,147866,147867],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[47,147869,2172],{"id":2171},[29,147871,147872,147876,147882,147888,147894,147898,147902],{},[32,147873,147874],{},[214,147875,146572],{"href":2702},[32,147877,147878],{},[214,147879,13,147880,3790],{"href":36471},[15,147881,36474],{},[32,147883,147884],{},[214,147885,13,147886,3790],{"href":42636},[15,147887,42639],{},[32,147889,147890],{},[214,147891,13,147892,3790],{"href":42453},[15,147893,47964],{},[32,147895,147896],{},[214,147897,5500],{"href":40286},[32,147899,147900],{},[214,147901,3807],{"href":3243},[32,147903,147904],{},[214,147905,147483],{"href":135375},[2204,147907,147908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":147910},[147911,147912,147914,147915,147916,147918,147926,147932,147939,147945,147946,147958],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":146168,"depth":97,"text":147913},"What sum() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":146346,"depth":97,"text":147917},"Using the start value",{"id":146448,"depth":97,"text":147919,"children":147920},"What sum() can work with",[147921,147922,147923,147925],{"id":40702,"depth":122,"text":40703},{"id":52328,"depth":122,"text":146514},{"id":146575,"depth":122,"text":147924},"Values from range()",{"id":146623,"depth":122,"text":146624},{"id":146697,"depth":97,"text":147927,"children":147928},"What sum() does not work with",[147929,147930,147931],{"id":146708,"depth":122,"text":146709},{"id":146825,"depth":122,"text":146826},{"id":146883,"depth":122,"text":146884},{"id":41782,"depth":97,"text":41783,"children":147933},[147934,147935,147936,147937],{"id":6802,"depth":122,"text":6803},{"id":147019,"depth":122,"text":147020},{"id":147167,"depth":122,"text":147168},{"id":147304,"depth":122,"text":147938},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147486,"depth":97,"text":147940,"children":147941},"sum() vs manual loop",[147942,147944],{"id":147497,"depth":122,"text":147943},"Using sum()",{"id":147551,"depth":122,"text":147552},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":147947},[147948,147950,147952,147954,147956],{"id":147816,"depth":122,"text":147949},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147824,"depth":122,"text":147951},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147839,"depth":122,"text":147953},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147848,"depth":122,"text":147955},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147860,"depth":122,"text":147957},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146081,"description":147959},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147966,"title":147967,"body":147968,"description":149370,"extension":2249,"meta":149371,"navigation":125,"path":149372,"seo":149373,"stem":149374,"__hash__":149375},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147969,"toc":149338},[147970,147976,147982,147985,148048,148054,148059,148063,148080,148094,148098,148118,148132,148134,148227,148229,148243,148245,148248,148337,148339,148347,148356,148358,148362,148383,148385,148477,148479,148500,148502,148506,148520,148522,148596,148598,148617,148621,148624,148647,148649,148760,148767,148775,148777,148783,148786,148829,148832,148855,148863,148867,148942,148948,148973,148980,148983,148986,148990,148995,149083,149091,149095,149098,149123,149127,149188,149192,149241,149251,149253,149258,149261,149267,149270,149274,149278,149284,149287,149295,149303,149305,149335],[10,147971,147973,147974,18],{"id":147972},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147975,57573],{},[20,147977,147978,147981],{},[15,147979,147980],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147983,147984],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[52,147986,147988],{"className":54,"code":147987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147989,147990,148018,148036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147991,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147993,900],{"class":67},[61,147995,72],{"class":71},[61,147997,1058],{"class":75},[61,147999,80],{"class":79},[61,148001,83],{"class":75},[61,148003,86],{"class":79},[61,148005,83],{"class":75},[61,148007,86],{"class":79},[61,148009,83],{"class":75},[61,148011,91],{"class":79},[61,148013,83],{"class":75},[61,148015,86],{"class":79},[61,148017,153],{"class":75},[61,148019,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148021,132],{"class":67},[61,148023,72],{"class":71},[61,148025,956],{"class":67},[61,148027,140],{"class":75},[61,148029,41538],{"class":143},[61,148031,147],{"class":75},[61,148033,301],{"class":79},[61,148035,153],{"class":75},[61,148037,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148039,160],{"class":159},[61,148041,147],{"class":75},[61,148043,165],{"class":143},[61,148045,442],{"class":75},[61,148047,51052],{"class":173},[20,148049,1503,148050,148053],{},[15,148051,148052],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[47,148055,184,148057,187],{"id":148056},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148058,147980],{},[20,148060,148061,192],{},[15,148062,148052],{},[29,148064,148065,148071,148074,148077],{},[32,148066,148067,148068,148070],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148069,2755],{}," appears in the tuple",[32,148072,148073],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[32,148075,148076],{},"Returns an integer",[32,148078,148079],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148081,148082,148083,148085,148086,3159,148090,140],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148084,57573],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[214,148087,148089],{"href":148088},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[214,148091,148093],{"href":148092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[47,148095,148097],{"id":148096},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[52,148099,148101],{"className":54,"code":148100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148102,148103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148104,148105,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148106,148107],{"class":67},"my_tuple",[61,148109,140],{"class":75},[61,148111,41538],{"class":143},[61,148113,147],{"class":75},[61,148115,2755],{"class":143},[61,148117,153],{"class":75},[29,148119,148120,148124,148127],{},[32,148121,148122,57738],{},[15,148123,2755],{},[32,148125,148126],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[32,148128,148129,148130],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148131,2405],{},[887,148133,103363],{"id":103362},[52,148135,148137],{"className":54,"code":148136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148138,148139,148179,148203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148140,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148142,13356],{"class":67},[61,148144,72],{"class":71},[61,148146,1058],{"class":75},[61,148148,504],{"class":503},[61,148150,13373],{"class":507},[61,148152,504],{"class":503},[61,148154,83],{"class":75},[61,148156,515],{"class":503},[61,148158,13390],{"class":507},[61,148160,504],{"class":503},[61,148162,83],{"class":75},[61,148164,515],{"class":503},[61,148166,13373],{"class":507},[61,148168,504],{"class":503},[61,148170,83],{"class":75},[61,148172,515],{"class":503},[61,148174,17735],{"class":507},[61,148176,504],{"class":503},[61,148178,153],{"class":75},[61,148180,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148182,160],{"class":159},[61,148184,147],{"class":75},[61,148186,17782],{"class":143},[61,148188,140],{"class":75},[61,148190,41538],{"class":143},[61,148192,147],{"class":75},[61,148194,504],{"class":503},[61,148196,13373],{"class":507},[61,148198,504],{"class":503},[61,148200,5641],{"class":75},[61,148202,57928],{"class":173},[61,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148206,160],{"class":159},[61,148208,147],{"class":75},[61,148210,17782],{"class":143},[61,148212,140],{"class":75},[61,148214,41538],{"class":143},[61,148216,147],{"class":75},[61,148218,504],{"class":503},[61,148220,22800],{"class":507},[61,148222,504],{"class":503},[61,148224,5641],{"class":75},[61,148226,51529],{"class":173},[20,148228,20236],{},[29,148230,148231,148236],{},[32,148232,148233,148235],{},[15,148234,65671],{}," appears 2 times",[32,148237,148238,148240,148241],{},[15,148239,110056],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148242,2405],{},[47,148244,483],{"id":482},[20,148246,148247],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[52,148249,148251],{"className":54,"code":148250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148252,148253,148301,148305,148327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148254,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148256,36515],{"class":67},[61,148258,72],{"class":71},[61,148260,1058],{"class":75},[61,148262,504],{"class":503},[61,148264,508],{"class":507},[61,148266,504],{"class":503},[61,148268,83],{"class":75},[61,148270,515],{"class":503},[61,148272,518],{"class":507},[61,148274,504],{"class":503},[61,148276,83],{"class":75},[61,148278,515],{"class":503},[61,148280,508],{"class":507},[61,148282,504],{"class":503},[61,148284,83],{"class":75},[61,148286,515],{"class":503},[61,148288,527],{"class":507},[61,148290,504],{"class":503},[61,148292,83],{"class":75},[61,148294,515],{"class":503},[61,148296,508],{"class":507},[61,148298,504],{"class":503},[61,148300,153],{"class":75},[61,148302,148303],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148304,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,148306,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148308,132],{"class":67},[61,148310,72],{"class":71},[61,148312,53134],{"class":67},[61,148314,140],{"class":75},[61,148316,41538],{"class":143},[61,148318,147],{"class":75},[61,148320,504],{"class":503},[61,148322,508],{"class":507},[61,148324,504],{"class":503},[61,148326,153],{"class":75},[61,148328,148329,148331,148333,148335],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,148330,160],{"class":159},[61,148332,147],{"class":75},[61,148334,165],{"class":143},[61,148336,153],{"class":75},[20,148338,1598],{},[52,148340,148341],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,148342,148343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148344,148345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148346,46897],{"class":79},[20,148348,148349,148351,148352,2680,148354,140],{},[15,148350,58116],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148353,57573],{},[15,148355,107],{},[47,148357,38297],{"id":38296},[20,148359,57827,148360,128843],{},[15,148361,57573],{},[29,148363,148364,148369,148374,148377],{},[32,148365,11704,148366,148368],{},[15,148367,2405],{}," when the value does not exist",[32,148370,11704,148371,148373],{},[15,148372,80],{}," when the value appears once",[32,148375,148376],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[32,148378,148379,148380,148382],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148381,7277],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148384,368],{},[52,148386,148388],{"className":54,"code":148387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148389,148390,148431,148435,148462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148391,148392,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148393,148394],{"class":67},"answers ",[61,148396,72],{"class":71},[61,148398,1058],{"class":75},[61,148400,504],{"class":503},[61,148402,8941],{"class":507},[61,148404,504],{"class":503},[61,148406,83],{"class":75},[61,148408,515],{"class":503},[61,148410,8880],{"class":507},[61,148412,504],{"class":503},[61,148414,83],{"class":75},[61,148416,515],{"class":503},[61,148418,8941],{"class":507},[61,148420,504],{"class":503},[61,148422,83],{"class":75},[61,148424,515],{"class":503},[61,148426,8941],{"class":507},[61,148428,504],{"class":503},[61,148430,153],{"class":75},[61,148432,148433],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148434,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,148436,148437,148439,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148438,7277],{"class":4158},[61,148440,148441],{"class":67}," answers",[61,148443,140],{"class":75},[61,148445,41538],{"class":143},[61,148447,147],{"class":75},[61,148449,504],{"class":503},[61,148451,8941],{"class":507},[61,148453,504],{"class":503},[61,148455,442],{"class":75},[61,148457,38673],{"class":71},[61,148459,1720],{"class":79},[61,148461,6673],{"class":75},[61,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148473,148475],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,148465,8352],{"class":159},[61,148467,147],{"class":75},[61,148469,504],{"class":503},[61,148471,148472],{"class":507},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[61,148474,504],{"class":503},[61,148476,153],{"class":75},[20,148478,1598],{},[52,148480,148482],{"className":54,"code":148481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148483,148484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148485,148486,148489,148491,148493,148495,148498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148487,148488],{"class":67},"The answer ",[61,148490,630],{"class":503},[61,148492,8941],{"class":507},[61,148494,630],{"class":503},[61,148496,148497],{"class":67}," appears more than once",[61,148499,122487],{"class":75},[47,148501,41324],{"id":41323},[20,148503,35681,148504,104826],{},[15,148505,147980],{},[29,148507,148508,148511,148514,148517],{},[32,148509,148510],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[32,148512,148513],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[32,148515,148516],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[32,148518,148519],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148521,368],{},[52,148523,148525],{"className":54,"code":148524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148526,148527,148555,148559,148581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148528,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148530,5343],{"class":67},[61,148532,72],{"class":71},[61,148534,1058],{"class":75},[61,148536,2613],{"class":79},[61,148538,83],{"class":75},[61,148540,8072],{"class":79},[61,148542,83],{"class":75},[61,148544,6285],{"class":79},[61,148546,83],{"class":75},[61,148548,8077],{"class":79},[61,148550,83],{"class":75},[61,148552,6285],{"class":79},[61,148554,153],{"class":75},[61,148556,148557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148558,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,148560,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148562,7277],{"class":4158},[61,148564,5390],{"class":67},[61,148566,140],{"class":75},[61,148568,41538],{"class":143},[61,148570,147],{"class":75},[61,148572,2613],{"class":79},[61,148574,442],{"class":75},[61,148576,51570],{"class":71},[61,148578,86],{"class":79},[61,148580,6673],{"class":75},[61,148582,148583,148585,148587,148589,148592,148594],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,148584,8352],{"class":159},[61,148586,147],{"class":75},[61,148588,504],{"class":503},[61,148590,148591],{"class":507},"The score 10 is repeated.",[61,148593,504],{"class":503},[61,148595,153],{"class":75},[20,148597,1598],{},[52,148599,148601],{"className":54,"code":148600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148602,148603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148604,148605,148608,148610,148612,148615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148606,148607],{"class":67},"The score ",[61,148609,2613],{"class":79},[61,148611,8380],{"class":71},[61,148613,148614],{"class":67}," repeated",[61,148616,122487],{"class":75},[47,148618,148620],{"id":148619},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148622,148623],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[29,148625,148626,148632,148637,148640],{},[32,148627,148628,148629,148631],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148630,57573],{}," still works because it only reads data",[32,148633,148634,148636],{},[15,148635,57573],{}," counts exact matches",[32,148638,148639],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[32,148641,148642,700,148644,148646],{},[15,148643,80],{},[15,148645,42436],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148648,368],{},[52,148650,148652],{"className":54,"code":148651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148653,148654,148688,148692,148712,148736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148655,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148669,148671,148673,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148657,4103],{"class":67},[61,148659,72],{"class":71},[61,148661,1058],{"class":75},[61,148663,80],{"class":79},[61,148665,83],{"class":75},[61,148667,148668],{"class":79}," 1.0",[61,148670,83],{"class":75},[61,148672,515],{"class":503},[61,148674,148675],{"class":507},"Cat",[61,148677,504],{"class":503},[61,148679,83],{"class":75},[61,148681,515],{"class":503},[61,148683,1218],{"class":507},[61,148685,504],{"class":503},[61,148687,153],{"class":75},[61,148689,148690],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148691,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,148693,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148695,160],{"class":159},[61,148697,147],{"class":75},[61,148699,5638],{"class":143},[61,148701,140],{"class":75},[61,148703,41538],{"class":143},[61,148705,147],{"class":75},[61,148707,80],{"class":79},[61,148709,5641],{"class":75},[61,148711,51376],{"class":173},[61,148713,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,148715,160],{"class":159},[61,148717,147],{"class":75},[61,148719,5638],{"class":143},[61,148721,140],{"class":75},[61,148723,41538],{"class":143},[61,148725,147],{"class":75},[61,148727,504],{"class":503},[61,148729,148675],{"class":507},[61,148731,504],{"class":503},[61,148733,5641],{"class":75},[61,148735,28056],{"class":173},[61,148737,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,148739,160],{"class":159},[61,148741,147],{"class":75},[61,148743,5638],{"class":143},[61,148745,140],{"class":75},[61,148747,41538],{"class":143},[61,148749,147],{"class":75},[61,148751,504],{"class":503},[61,148753,1218],{"class":507},[61,148755,504],{"class":503},[61,148757,5641],{"class":75},[61,148759,28056],{"class":173},[20,148761,5438,148762,5441,148765,2159],{},[15,148763,148764],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148766,301],{},[20,148768,9068,148769,5062,148772,148774],{},[15,148770,148771],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148773,3885],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[47,148776,3111],{"id":3110},[887,148778,716,148780,148782],{"id":148779},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148781,41538],{}," without parentheses",[20,148784,148785],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[52,148787,148789],{"className":54,"code":148788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148790,148791,148815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148792,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148794,900],{"class":67},[61,148796,72],{"class":71},[61,148798,1058],{"class":75},[61,148800,80],{"class":79},[61,148802,83],{"class":75},[61,148804,86],{"class":79},[61,148806,83],{"class":75},[61,148808,86],{"class":79},[61,148810,83],{"class":75},[61,148812,91],{"class":79},[61,148814,153],{"class":75},[61,148816,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148818,160],{"class":159},[61,148820,147],{"class":75},[61,148822,3929],{"class":143},[61,148824,140],{"class":75},[61,148826,41538],{"class":2103},[61,148828,153],{"class":75},[20,148830,148831],{},"To call the method correctly:",[52,148833,148835],{"className":54,"code":148834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148836,148837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148838,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148840,160],{"class":159},[61,148842,147],{"class":75},[61,148844,3929],{"class":143},[61,148846,140],{"class":75},[61,148848,41538],{"class":143},[61,148850,147],{"class":75},[61,148852,301],{"class":79},[61,148854,1761],{"class":75},[887,148856,1524,148857,8739,148859,3159,148861],{"id":58875},[15,148858,57573],{},[15,148860,3885],{},[15,148862,3954],{},[20,148864,148865,58886],{},[15,148866,57573],{},[52,148868,148870],{"className":54,"code":148869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148871,148872,148904,148926,148930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148873,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148875,1028],{"class":67},[61,148877,72],{"class":71},[61,148879,1058],{"class":75},[61,148881,504],{"class":503},[61,148883,214],{"class":507},[61,148885,504],{"class":503},[61,148887,83],{"class":75},[61,148889,515],{"class":503},[61,148891,329],{"class":507},[61,148893,504],{"class":503},[61,148895,83],{"class":75},[61,148897,515],{"class":503},[61,148899,214],{"class":507},[61,148901,504],{"class":503},[61,148903,153],{"class":75},[61,148905,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148907,132],{"class":67},[61,148909,72],{"class":71},[61,148911,1097],{"class":67},[61,148913,140],{"class":75},[61,148915,41538],{"class":143},[61,148917,147],{"class":75},[61,148919,504],{"class":503},[61,148921,214],{"class":507},[61,148923,504],{"class":503},[61,148925,153],{"class":75},[61,148927,148928],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,148929,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,148931,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,148933,160],{"class":159},[61,148935,147],{"class":75},[61,148937,165],{"class":143},[61,148939,442],{"class":75},[61,148941,51697],{"class":173},[20,148943,148944,148945,148947],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148946,4165],{}," is often simpler:",[52,148949,148951],{"className":54,"code":148950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148952,148953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148954,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148956,160],{"class":159},[61,148958,147],{"class":75},[61,148960,504],{"class":503},[61,148962,214],{"class":507},[61,148964,504],{"class":503},[61,148966,21452],{"class":4158},[61,148968,1097],{"class":143},[61,148970,442],{"class":75},[61,148972,3944],{"class":173},[887,148974,37480,148976,2020,148978],{"id":148975},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148977,147980],{},[15,148979,57578],{},[20,148981,148982],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148984,148985],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[887,148987,148989],{"id":148988},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148991,148992,148994],{},[15,148993,57573],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[52,148996,148998],{"className":54,"code":148997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148999,149000,149033,149059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149003,1778],{"class":67},[61,149005,72],{"class":71},[61,149007,1058],{"class":75},[61,149009,504],{"class":503},[61,149011,508],{"class":507},[61,149013,504],{"class":503},[61,149015,83],{"class":75},[61,149017,515],{"class":503},[61,149019,149020],{"class":507},"pineapple",[61,149022,504],{"class":503},[61,149024,83],{"class":75},[61,149026,515],{"class":503},[61,149028,508],{"class":507},[61,149030,504],{"class":503},[61,149032,153],{"class":75},[61,149034,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149052,149054,149056],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149036,160],{"class":159},[61,149038,147],{"class":75},[61,149040,4394],{"class":143},[61,149042,140],{"class":75},[61,149044,41538],{"class":143},[61,149046,147],{"class":75},[61,149048,504],{"class":503},[61,149050,149051],{"class":507},"app",[61,149053,504],{"class":503},[61,149055,5641],{"class":75},[61,149057,149058],{"class":173},"    # 0\n",[61,149060,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149062,160],{"class":159},[61,149064,147],{"class":75},[61,149066,4394],{"class":143},[61,149068,140],{"class":75},[61,149070,41538],{"class":143},[61,149072,147],{"class":75},[61,149074,504],{"class":503},[61,149076,508],{"class":507},[61,149078,504],{"class":503},[61,149080,5641],{"class":75},[61,149082,51697],{"class":173},[20,149084,149085,149088,149089,140],{},[15,149086,149087],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149090,2405],{},[47,149092,149094],{"id":149093},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149096,149097],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[29,149099,149100,149105,149114,149120],{},[32,149101,1503,149102,149104],{},[15,149103,4165],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[32,149106,1503,149107,149113],{},[214,149108,149110,149111],{"href":149109},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149112,59250],{}," to find the position of a value",[32,149115,1503,149116,149119],{},[15,149117,149118],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[32,149121,149122],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149124,46320,149125,192],{},[15,149126,4165],{},[52,149128,149130],{"className":54,"code":149129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149131,149132,149152,149156,149172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149133,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149135,900],{"class":67},[61,149137,72],{"class":71},[61,149139,1058],{"class":75},[61,149141,788],{"class":79},[61,149143,83],{"class":75},[61,149145,6274],{"class":79},[61,149147,83],{"class":75},[61,149149,54419],{"class":79},[61,149151,153],{"class":75},[61,149153,149154],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149155,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,149157,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149159,160],{"class":159},[61,149161,147],{"class":75},[61,149163,2311],{"class":79},[61,149165,21452],{"class":4158},[61,149167,956],{"class":143},[61,149169,442],{"class":75},[61,149171,44134],{"class":173},[61,149173,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,149175,160],{"class":159},[61,149177,147],{"class":75},[61,149179,1013],{"class":79},[61,149181,21452],{"class":4158},[61,149183,956],{"class":143},[61,149185,442],{"class":75},[61,149187,44151],{"class":173},[20,149189,46320,149190,192],{},[15,149191,59250],{},[52,149193,149195],{"className":54,"code":149194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149196,149197,149221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149198,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149200,900],{"class":67},[61,149202,72],{"class":71},[61,149204,1058],{"class":75},[61,149206,788],{"class":79},[61,149208,83],{"class":75},[61,149210,6274],{"class":79},[61,149212,83],{"class":75},[61,149214,54419],{"class":79},[61,149216,83],{"class":75},[61,149218,6274],{"class":79},[61,149220,153],{"class":75},[61,149222,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149224,160],{"class":159},[61,149226,147],{"class":75},[61,149228,3929],{"class":143},[61,149230,140],{"class":75},[61,149232,36122],{"class":143},[61,149234,147],{"class":75},[61,149236,2311],{"class":79},[61,149238,5641],{"class":75},[61,149240,28056],{"class":173},[20,149242,149243,149245,149246,149248,149250],{},[15,149244,57573],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10127,149247],{},[15,149249,59250],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[47,149252,2109],{"id":2108},[887,149254,5422,149256,5425],{"id":149255},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149257,147980],{},[20,149259,149260],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[887,149262,2113,149264,149266],{"id":149263},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149265,147980],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149268,149269],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[887,149271,149273],{"id":149272},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149275,12191,149276,140],{},[15,149277,2405],{},[887,149279,2123,149281,149283],{"id":149280},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149282,147980],{}," count strings?",[20,149285,149286],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[887,149288,2153,149290,700,149292,2159],{"id":149289},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149291,147980],{},[15,149293,149294],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149296,149297,149299,149300,149302],{},[15,149298,57573],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149301,59250],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[47,149304,2172],{"id":2171},[29,149306,149307,149311,149316,149323,149331],{},[32,149308,149309],{},[214,149310,148089],{"href":148088},[32,149312,149313],{},[214,149314,149315],{"href":148092},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[32,149317,149318],{},[214,149319,149320,149321,1516],{"href":149109},"Python tuple ",[15,149322,59250],{},[32,149324,149325],{},[214,149326,149328,149329],{"href":149327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149330,42639],{},[32,149332,149333],{},[214,149334,59238],{"href":59237},[2204,149336,149337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":149339},[149340,149342,149345,149346,149347,149348,149349,149357,149358,149369],{"id":148056,"depth":97,"text":149341},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148096,"depth":97,"text":148097,"children":149343},[149344],{"id":103362,"depth":122,"text":103363},{"id":482,"depth":97,"text":483},{"id":38296,"depth":97,"text":38297},{"id":41323,"depth":97,"text":41324},{"id":148619,"depth":97,"text":148620},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":149350},[149351,149353,149354,149356],{"id":148779,"depth":122,"text":149352},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58875,"depth":122,"text":59291},{"id":148975,"depth":122,"text":149355},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148988,"depth":122,"text":148989},{"id":149093,"depth":97,"text":149094},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":149359},[149360,149362,149364,149365,149367],{"id":149255,"depth":122,"text":149361},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149263,"depth":122,"text":149363},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149272,"depth":122,"text":149273},{"id":149280,"depth":122,"text":149366},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149289,"depth":122,"text":149368},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147967,"description":149370},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149377,"title":149378,"body":149379,"description":151066,"extension":2249,"meta":151067,"navigation":125,"path":151068,"seo":151069,"stem":151070,"__hash__":151071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149380,"toc":151029},[149381,149384,149387,149396,149398,149528,149530,149591,149597,149599,149619,149623,149626,149629,149664,149666,149687,149690,149729,149731,149756,149763,149767,149770,149807,149809,149832,149835,149838,149850,149856,149860,149863,149869,149910,149912,149935,149938,149979,149981,150008,150010,150027,150029,150046,150049,150053,150056,150058,150092,150094,150141,150145,150184,150188,150191,150248,150250,150291,150297,150303,150308,150310,150347,150349,150369,150371,150404,150406,150439,150442,150446,150479,150481,150506,150509,150511,150525,150532,150534,150537,150541,150544,150579,150582,150617,150621,150624,150663,150666,150705,150709,150711,150741,150744,150751,150753,150785,150788,150820,150823,150854,150856,150873,150877,150880,150944,150946,150950,150957,150961,150964,150968,150971,150975,150978,150983,150989,150991,151026],[10,149382,149378],{"id":149383},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149385,149386],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149388,149389,149390,3159,149394,140],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[214,149391,149393],{"href":149392},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[214,149395,148089],{"href":148088},[47,149397,50],{"id":49},[52,149399,149401],{"className":54,"code":149400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149402,149403,149423,149432,149446,149482,149486,149496,149506,149517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149404,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149406,900],{"class":67},[61,149408,72],{"class":71},[61,149410,1058],{"class":75},[61,149412,80],{"class":79},[61,149414,83],{"class":75},[61,149416,86],{"class":79},[61,149418,83],{"class":75},[61,149420,91],{"class":79},[61,149422,153],{"class":75},[61,149424,149425,149427,149429],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149426,124953],{"class":67},[61,149428,72],{"class":71},[61,149430,149431],{"class":75}," ()\n",[61,149433,149434,149437,149439,149441,149443],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149435,149436],{"class":67},"one_item ",[61,149438,72],{"class":71},[61,149440,1058],{"class":75},[61,149442,1013],{"class":79},[61,149444,149445],{"class":75},",)\n",[61,149447,149448,149451,149453,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,149449,149450],{"class":67},"from_list ",[61,149452,72],{"class":71},[61,149454,149455],{"class":2071}," tuple",[61,149457,1878],{"class":75},[61,149459,504],{"class":503},[61,149461,214],{"class":507},[61,149463,504],{"class":503},[61,149465,83],{"class":75},[61,149467,515],{"class":503},[61,149469,329],{"class":507},[61,149471,504],{"class":503},[61,149473,83],{"class":75},[61,149475,515],{"class":503},[61,149477,1071],{"class":507},[61,149479,504],{"class":503},[61,149481,1887],{"class":75},[61,149483,149484],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,149485,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,149487,149488,149490,149492,149494],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,149489,160],{"class":159},[61,149491,147],{"class":75},[61,149493,3929],{"class":143},[61,149495,153],{"class":75},[61,149497,149498,149500,149502,149504],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,149499,160],{"class":159},[61,149501,147],{"class":75},[61,149503,125004],{"class":143},[61,149505,153],{"class":75},[61,149507,149508,149510,149512,149515],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,149509,160],{"class":159},[61,149511,147],{"class":75},[61,149513,149514],{"class":143},"one_item",[61,149516,153],{"class":75},[61,149518,149519,149521,149523,149526],{"class":63,"line":6710},[61,149520,160],{"class":159},[61,149522,147],{"class":75},[61,149524,149525],{"class":143},"from_list",[61,149527,153],{"class":75},[20,149529,1598],{},[52,149531,149533],{"className":54,"code":149532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149534,149535,149551,149555,149563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149536,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149538,147],{"class":75},[61,149540,80],{"class":79},[61,149542,83],{"class":75},[61,149544,86],{"class":79},[61,149546,83],{"class":75},[61,149548,91],{"class":79},[61,149550,153],{"class":75},[61,149552,149553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149554,8926],{"class":75},[61,149556,149557,149559,149561],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149558,147],{"class":75},[61,149560,1013],{"class":79},[61,149562,149445],{"class":75},[61,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,149566,147],{"class":75},[61,149568,630],{"class":503},[61,149570,214],{"class":507},[61,149572,630],{"class":503},[61,149574,83],{"class":75},[61,149576,639],{"class":503},[61,149578,329],{"class":507},[61,149580,630],{"class":503},[61,149582,83],{"class":75},[61,149584,639],{"class":503},[61,149586,1071],{"class":507},[61,149588,630],{"class":503},[61,149590,153],{"class":75},[20,149592,149593,149594,140],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149595,149596],{},"(5,)",[47,149598,15443],{"id":15442},[29,149600,149601,149604,149607,149610,149613,149616],{},[32,149602,149603],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[32,149605,149606],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[32,149608,149609],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[32,149611,149612],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[32,149614,149615],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[32,149617,149618],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[47,149620,149622],{"id":149621},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149624,149625],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149627,149628],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[52,149630,149632],{"className":54,"code":149631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149633,149634,149654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149637,900],{"class":67},[61,149639,72],{"class":71},[61,149641,1058],{"class":75},[61,149643,80],{"class":79},[61,149645,83],{"class":75},[61,149647,86],{"class":79},[61,149649,83],{"class":75},[61,149651,91],{"class":79},[61,149653,153],{"class":75},[61,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149657,160],{"class":159},[61,149659,147],{"class":75},[61,149661,3929],{"class":143},[61,149663,153],{"class":75},[20,149665,1598],{},[52,149667,149669],{"className":54,"code":149668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149670,149671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149672,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149674,147],{"class":75},[61,149676,80],{"class":79},[61,149678,83],{"class":75},[61,149680,86],{"class":79},[61,149682,83],{"class":75},[61,149684,91],{"class":79},[61,149686,153],{"class":75},[20,149688,149689],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[52,149691,149693],{"className":54,"code":149692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149694,149695,149719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149696,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149698,9449],{"class":67},[61,149700,72],{"class":71},[61,149702,1058],{"class":75},[61,149704,80],{"class":79},[61,149706,83],{"class":75},[61,149708,515],{"class":503},[61,149710,508],{"class":507},[61,149712,504],{"class":503},[61,149714,83],{"class":75},[61,149716,4198],{"class":4133},[61,149718,153],{"class":75},[61,149720,149721,149723,149725,149727],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149722,160],{"class":159},[61,149724,147],{"class":75},[61,149726,9488],{"class":143},[61,149728,153],{"class":75},[20,149730,1598],{},[52,149732,149734],{"className":54,"code":149733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149735,149736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149737,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149739,147],{"class":75},[61,149741,80],{"class":79},[61,149743,83],{"class":75},[61,149745,639],{"class":503},[61,149747,508],{"class":507},[61,149749,630],{"class":503},[61,149751,83],{"class":75},[61,149753,4198],{"class":4133},[61,149755,153],{"class":75},[20,149757,149758,149759,140],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[214,149760,149762],{"href":149761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[47,149764,149766],{"id":149765},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149768,149769],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[52,149771,149773],{"className":54,"code":149772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149774,149775,149783,149793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149776,149777,149779,149781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149778,124953],{"class":67},[61,149780,72],{"class":71},[61,149782,149431],{"class":75},[61,149784,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149786,160],{"class":159},[61,149788,147],{"class":75},[61,149790,125004],{"class":143},[61,149792,153],{"class":75},[61,149794,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149796,160],{"class":159},[61,149798,147],{"class":75},[61,149800,2072],{"class":2071},[61,149802,147],{"class":75},[61,149804,125004],{"class":143},[61,149806,1761],{"class":75},[20,149808,1598],{},[52,149810,149812],{"className":54,"code":149811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149813,149814,149818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149815,149816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149817,8926],{"class":75},[61,149819,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149821,3571],{"class":71},[61,149823,3574],{"class":2350},[61,149825,639],{"class":503},[61,149827,49234],{"class":507},[61,149829,630],{"class":503},[61,149831,3583],{"class":71},[20,149833,149834],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149836,149837],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[29,149839,149840,149845],{},[32,149841,149842,149843],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149844,7646],{},[32,149846,149847,149848],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149849,4067],{},[20,149851,149852,149853,140],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[214,149854,149855],{"href":57436},"Python list: creating a list",[47,149857,149859],{"id":149858},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149861,149862],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149864,149865,149866,149868],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[39,149867,4909],{}," automatically a tuple:",[52,149870,149872],{"className":54,"code":149871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149873,149874,149886,149896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149875,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149877,2730],{"class":67},[61,149879,72],{"class":71},[61,149881,1058],{"class":75},[61,149883,1013],{"class":79},[61,149885,153],{"class":75},[61,149887,149888,149890,149892,149894],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149889,160],{"class":159},[61,149891,147],{"class":75},[61,149893,2755],{"class":143},[61,149895,153],{"class":75},[61,149897,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149899,160],{"class":159},[61,149901,147],{"class":75},[61,149903,2072],{"class":2071},[61,149905,147],{"class":75},[61,149907,2755],{"class":143},[61,149909,1761],{"class":75},[20,149911,1598],{},[52,149913,149915],{"className":54,"code":149914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149916,149917,149921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149918,149919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149920,3228],{"class":79},[61,149922,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149924,3571],{"class":71},[61,149926,3574],{"class":2350},[61,149928,639],{"class":503},[61,149930,2473],{"class":507},[61,149932,630],{"class":503},[61,149934,3583],{"class":71},[20,149936,149937],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[52,149939,149941],{"className":54,"code":149940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149942,149943,149955,149965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149944,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149946,149436],{"class":67},[61,149948,72],{"class":71},[61,149950,1058],{"class":75},[61,149952,1013],{"class":79},[61,149954,149445],{"class":75},[61,149956,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149958,160],{"class":159},[61,149960,147],{"class":75},[61,149962,149514],{"class":143},[61,149964,153],{"class":75},[61,149966,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,149968,160],{"class":159},[61,149970,147],{"class":75},[61,149972,2072],{"class":2071},[61,149974,147],{"class":75},[61,149976,149514],{"class":143},[61,149978,1761],{"class":75},[20,149980,1598],{},[52,149982,149984],{"className":54,"code":149983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149985,149986,149994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149987,149988,149990,149992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149989,147],{"class":75},[61,149991,1013],{"class":79},[61,149993,149445],{"class":75},[61,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149997,3571],{"class":71},[61,149999,3574],{"class":2350},[61,150001,639],{"class":503},[61,150003,49234],{"class":507},[61,150005,630],{"class":503},[61,150007,3583],{"class":71},[20,150009,16935],{},[52,150011,150013],{"className":54,"code":150012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150014,150015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150016,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150018,147],{"class":75},[61,150020,504],{"class":503},[61,150022,508],{"class":507},[61,150024,504],{"class":503},[61,150026,149445],{"class":75},[20,150028,16923],{},[52,150030,150032],{"className":54,"code":150031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150033,150034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150035,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150037,147],{"class":75},[61,150039,504],{"class":503},[61,150041,508],{"class":507},[61,150043,504],{"class":503},[61,150045,153],{"class":75},[20,150047,150048],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[47,150050,150052],{"id":150051},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150054,150055],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[887,150057,56745],{"id":3929},[52,150059,150060],{"className":54,"code":149631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150061,150062,150082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150063,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150065,900],{"class":67},[61,150067,72],{"class":71},[61,150069,1058],{"class":75},[61,150071,80],{"class":79},[61,150073,83],{"class":75},[61,150075,86],{"class":79},[61,150077,83],{"class":75},[61,150079,91],{"class":79},[61,150081,153],{"class":75},[61,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150085,160],{"class":159},[61,150087,147],{"class":75},[61,150089,3929],{"class":143},[61,150091,153],{"class":75},[887,150093,56748],{"id":5588},[52,150095,150097],{"className":54,"code":150096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150098,150099,150131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150100,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150102,13356],{"class":67},[61,150104,72],{"class":71},[61,150106,1058],{"class":75},[61,150108,504],{"class":503},[61,150110,13373],{"class":507},[61,150112,504],{"class":503},[61,150114,83],{"class":75},[61,150116,515],{"class":503},[61,150118,17735],{"class":507},[61,150120,504],{"class":503},[61,150122,83],{"class":75},[61,150124,515],{"class":503},[61,150126,13390],{"class":507},[61,150128,504],{"class":503},[61,150130,153],{"class":75},[61,150132,150133,150135,150137,150139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150134,160],{"class":159},[61,150136,147],{"class":75},[61,150138,17782],{"class":143},[61,150140,153],{"class":75},[887,150142,150144],{"id":150143},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[52,150146,150148],{"className":54,"code":150147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150149,150150,150174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150153,59755],{"class":67},[61,150155,72],{"class":71},[61,150157,1058],{"class":75},[61,150159,80],{"class":79},[61,150161,83],{"class":75},[61,150163,515],{"class":503},[61,150165,508],{"class":507},[61,150167,504],{"class":503},[61,150169,83],{"class":75},[61,150171,4198],{"class":4133},[61,150173,153],{"class":75},[61,150175,150176,150178,150180,150182],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150177,160],{"class":159},[61,150179,147],{"class":75},[61,150181,59808],{"class":143},[61,150183,153],{"class":75},[887,150185,150187],{"id":150186},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150189,150190],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[52,150192,150194],{"className":54,"code":150193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150195,150196,150237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150197,150198,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233,150235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150199,150200],{"class":67},"nested ",[61,150202,72],{"class":71},[61,150204,1058],{"class":75},[61,150206,80],{"class":79},[61,150208,83],{"class":75},[61,150210,1058],{"class":75},[61,150212,504],{"class":503},[61,150214,214],{"class":507},[61,150216,504],{"class":503},[61,150218,83],{"class":75},[61,150220,515],{"class":503},[61,150222,329],{"class":507},[61,150224,504],{"class":503},[61,150226,9517],{"class":75},[61,150228,926],{"class":75},[61,150230,2613],{"class":79},[61,150232,83],{"class":75},[61,150234,8072],{"class":79},[61,150236,1887],{"class":75},[61,150238,150239,150241,150243,150246],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150240,160],{"class":159},[61,150242,147],{"class":75},[61,150244,150245],{"class":143},"nested",[61,150247,153],{"class":75},[20,150249,1598],{},[52,150251,150253],{"className":54,"code":150252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150254,150255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150256,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150258,147],{"class":75},[61,150260,80],{"class":79},[61,150262,83],{"class":75},[61,150264,1058],{"class":75},[61,150266,630],{"class":503},[61,150268,214],{"class":507},[61,150270,630],{"class":503},[61,150272,83],{"class":75},[61,150274,639],{"class":503},[61,150276,329],{"class":507},[61,150278,630],{"class":503},[61,150280,9517],{"class":75},[61,150282,926],{"class":75},[61,150284,2613],{"class":79},[61,150286,83],{"class":75},[61,150288,8072],{"class":79},[61,150290,1887],{"class":75},[47,150292,150294,150295],{"id":150293},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150296,38323],{},[20,150298,150299,150300,150302],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150301,38323],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150304,150305,150306,140],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[214,150307,63498],{"href":63497},[887,150309,105503],{"id":105502},[52,150311,150313],{"className":54,"code":150312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150314,150315,150337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150316,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150318,900],{"class":67},[61,150320,72],{"class":71},[61,150322,149455],{"class":2071},[61,150324,1878],{"class":75},[61,150326,80],{"class":79},[61,150328,83],{"class":75},[61,150330,86],{"class":79},[61,150332,83],{"class":75},[61,150334,91],{"class":79},[61,150336,1887],{"class":75},[61,150338,150339,150341,150343,150345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150340,160],{"class":159},[61,150342,147],{"class":75},[61,150344,3929],{"class":143},[61,150346,153],{"class":75},[20,150348,1598],{},[52,150350,150351],{"className":54,"code":149668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150352,150353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150354,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150356,147],{"class":75},[61,150358,80],{"class":79},[61,150360,83],{"class":75},[61,150362,86],{"class":79},[61,150364,83],{"class":75},[61,150366,91],{"class":79},[61,150368,153],{"class":75},[887,150370,105689],{"id":105688},[52,150372,150374],{"className":54,"code":150373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150375,150376,150394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150377,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150379,1028],{"class":67},[61,150381,72],{"class":71},[61,150383,149455],{"class":2071},[61,150385,147],{"class":75},[61,150387,504],{"class":503},[61,150389,41839],{"class":507},[61,150391,504],{"class":503},[61,150393,153],{"class":75},[61,150395,150396,150398,150400,150402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150397,160],{"class":159},[61,150399,147],{"class":75},[61,150401,36419],{"class":143},[61,150403,153],{"class":75},[20,150405,1598],{},[52,150407,150409],{"className":54,"code":150408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150410,150411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150412,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150414,147],{"class":75},[61,150416,630],{"class":503},[61,150418,214],{"class":507},[61,150420,630],{"class":503},[61,150422,83],{"class":75},[61,150424,639],{"class":503},[61,150426,329],{"class":507},[61,150428,630],{"class":503},[61,150430,83],{"class":75},[61,150432,639],{"class":503},[61,150434,1071],{"class":507},[61,150436,630],{"class":503},[61,150438,153],{"class":75},[20,150440,150441],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[887,150443,150445],{"id":150444},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[52,150447,150449],{"className":54,"code":150448,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150450,150451,150469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150452,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150454,4103],{"class":67},[61,150456,72],{"class":71},[61,150458,149455],{"class":2071},[61,150460,147],{"class":75},[61,150462,60281],{"class":159},[61,150464,147],{"class":75},[61,150466,788],{"class":79},[61,150468,1761],{"class":75},[61,150470,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150472,160],{"class":159},[61,150474,147],{"class":75},[61,150476,5638],{"class":143},[61,150478,153],{"class":75},[20,150480,1598],{},[52,150482,150484],{"className":54,"code":150483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150485,150486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150487,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150489,147],{"class":75},[61,150491,2405],{"class":79},[61,150493,83],{"class":75},[61,150495,1720],{"class":79},[61,150497,83],{"class":75},[61,150499,86],{"class":79},[61,150501,83],{"class":75},[61,150503,91],{"class":79},[61,150505,153],{"class":75},[20,150507,150508],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[47,150510,21080],{"id":21079},[29,150512,150513,150516,150519,150522],{},[32,150514,150515],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[32,150517,150518],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[32,150520,150521],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[32,150523,150524],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150526,150527,150528,140],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[214,150529,150531],{"href":150530},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[47,150533,3111],{"id":3110},[20,150535,150536],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[887,150538,150540],{"id":150539},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150542,150543],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[52,150545,150547],{"className":54,"code":150546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150548,150549,150565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150550,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150552,28814],{"class":67},[61,150554,72],{"class":71},[61,150556,1058],{"class":75},[61,150558,504],{"class":503},[61,150560,508],{"class":507},[61,150562,504],{"class":503},[61,150564,153],{"class":75},[61,150566,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150568,160],{"class":159},[61,150570,147],{"class":75},[61,150572,2072],{"class":2071},[61,150574,147],{"class":75},[61,150576,23586],{"class":143},[61,150578,1761],{"class":75},[20,150580,150581],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[52,150583,150585],{"className":54,"code":150584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150586,150587,150603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150590,28814],{"class":67},[61,150592,72],{"class":71},[61,150594,1058],{"class":75},[61,150596,504],{"class":503},[61,150598,508],{"class":507},[61,150600,504],{"class":503},[61,150602,149445],{"class":75},[61,150604,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150606,160],{"class":159},[61,150608,147],{"class":75},[61,150610,2072],{"class":2071},[61,150612,147],{"class":75},[61,150614,23586],{"class":143},[61,150616,1761],{"class":75},[887,150618,150620],{"id":150619},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150622,150623],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[52,150625,150627],{"className":54,"code":150626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150628,150629,150649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150630,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150632,4103],{"class":67},[61,150634,72],{"class":71},[61,150636,926],{"class":75},[61,150638,80],{"class":79},[61,150640,83],{"class":75},[61,150642,86],{"class":79},[61,150644,83],{"class":75},[61,150646,91],{"class":79},[61,150648,943],{"class":75},[61,150650,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150652,160],{"class":159},[61,150654,147],{"class":75},[61,150656,2072],{"class":2071},[61,150658,147],{"class":75},[61,150660,5638],{"class":143},[61,150662,1761],{"class":75},[20,150664,150665],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[52,150667,150669],{"className":54,"code":150668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150670,150671,150691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150672,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150674,4103],{"class":67},[61,150676,72],{"class":71},[61,150678,1058],{"class":75},[61,150680,80],{"class":79},[61,150682,83],{"class":75},[61,150684,86],{"class":79},[61,150686,83],{"class":75},[61,150688,91],{"class":79},[61,150690,153],{"class":75},[61,150692,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150694,160],{"class":159},[61,150696,147],{"class":75},[61,150698,2072],{"class":2071},[61,150700,147],{"class":75},[61,150702,5638],{"class":143},[61,150704,1761],{"class":75},[887,150706,150708],{"id":150707},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150710,150521],{},[52,150712,150714],{"className":54,"code":150713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150715,150716,150736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150717,150718,150720,150722,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150719,900],{"class":67},[61,150721,72],{"class":71},[61,150723,1058],{"class":75},[61,150725,80],{"class":79},[61,150727,83],{"class":75},[61,150729,86],{"class":79},[61,150731,83],{"class":75},[61,150733,91],{"class":79},[61,150735,153],{"class":75},[61,150737,150738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150739,150740],{"class":173},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150742,150743],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[887,150745,37480,150747,150750],{"id":150746},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150748,150749],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150752,64923],{},[52,150754,150755],{"className":54,"code":150373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150756,150757,150775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150758,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150760,1028],{"class":67},[61,150762,72],{"class":71},[61,150764,149455],{"class":2071},[61,150766,147],{"class":75},[61,150768,504],{"class":503},[61,150770,41839],{"class":507},[61,150772,504],{"class":503},[61,150774,153],{"class":75},[61,150776,150777,150779,150781,150783],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150778,160],{"class":159},[61,150780,147],{"class":75},[61,150782,36419],{"class":143},[61,150784,153],{"class":75},[20,150786,150787],{},"gives:",[52,150789,150790],{"className":54,"code":150408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150791,150792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150795,147],{"class":75},[61,150797,630],{"class":503},[61,150799,214],{"class":507},[61,150801,630],{"class":503},[61,150803,83],{"class":75},[61,150805,639],{"class":503},[61,150807,329],{"class":507},[61,150809,630],{"class":503},[61,150811,83],{"class":75},[61,150813,639],{"class":503},[61,150815,1071],{"class":507},[61,150817,630],{"class":503},[61,150819,153],{"class":75},[20,150821,150822],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[52,150824,150826],{"className":54,"code":150825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150827,150828,150844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150829,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150831,6435],{"class":67},[61,150833,72],{"class":71},[61,150835,1058],{"class":75},[61,150837,504],{"class":503},[61,150839,41839],{"class":507},[61,150841,504],{"class":503},[61,150843,149445],{"class":75},[61,150845,150846,150848,150850,150852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150847,160],{"class":159},[61,150849,147],{"class":75},[61,150851,38668],{"class":143},[61,150853,153],{"class":75},[20,150855,1598],{},[52,150857,150859],{"className":54,"code":150858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('abc',)\n",[15,150860,150861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150862,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150864,147],{"class":75},[61,150866,630],{"class":503},[61,150868,41839],{"class":507},[61,150870,630],{"class":503},[61,150872,149445],{"class":75},[887,150874,150876],{"id":150875},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150878,150879],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[52,150881,150883],{"className":54,"code":150882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150884,150885,150902,150906,150916,150930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150886,150887,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150888,150889],{"class":67},"my_tuple ",[61,150891,72],{"class":71},[61,150893,1058],{"class":75},[61,150895,504],{"class":503},[61,150897,508],{"class":507},[61,150899,504],{"class":503},[61,150901,149445],{"class":75},[61,150903,150904],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150905,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,150907,150908,150910,150912,150914],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,150909,160],{"class":159},[61,150911,147],{"class":75},[61,150913,148107],{"class":143},[61,150915,153],{"class":75},[61,150917,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,150919,160],{"class":159},[61,150921,147],{"class":75},[61,150923,2072],{"class":2071},[61,150925,147],{"class":75},[61,150927,148107],{"class":143},[61,150929,1761],{"class":75},[61,150931,150932,150934,150936,150938,150940,150942],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,150933,160],{"class":159},[61,150935,147],{"class":75},[61,150937,11442],{"class":159},[61,150939,147],{"class":75},[61,150941,148107],{"class":143},[61,150943,1761],{"class":75},[47,150945,2109],{"id":2108},[887,150947,150949],{"id":150948},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150951,150952,150953,150956],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150954,150955],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[887,150958,150960],{"id":150959},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150962,150963],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[887,150965,150967],{"id":150966},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150969,150970],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[887,150972,150974],{"id":150973},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150976,150977],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[887,150979,5422,150981,12996],{"id":150980},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150982,150749],{},[20,150984,5428,150985,150988],{},[15,150986,150987],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[47,150990,2172],{"id":2171},[29,150992,150993,150997,151001,151007,151012,151017,151021],{},[32,150994,150995],{},[214,150996,148089],{"href":148088},[32,150998,150999],{},[214,151000,149762],{"href":149761},[32,151002,151003],{},[214,151004,151006],{"href":151005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[32,151008,151009],{},[214,151010,151011],{"href":149327},"Python tuple length with len()",[32,151013,151014],{},[214,151015,151016],{"href":149392},"What is a tuple in Python?",[32,151018,151019],{},[214,151020,63498],{"href":63497},[32,151022,151023],{},[214,151024,151025],{"href":150530},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2204,151027,151028],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":151030},[151031,151032,151033,151034,151035,151036,151042,151048,151049,151057,151065],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":149621,"depth":97,"text":149622},{"id":149765,"depth":97,"text":149766},{"id":149858,"depth":97,"text":149859},{"id":150051,"depth":97,"text":150052,"children":151037},[151038,151039,151040,151041],{"id":3929,"depth":122,"text":56745},{"id":5588,"depth":122,"text":56748},{"id":150143,"depth":122,"text":150144},{"id":150186,"depth":122,"text":150187},{"id":150293,"depth":97,"text":151043,"children":151044},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151045,151046,151047],{"id":105502,"depth":122,"text":105503},{"id":105688,"depth":122,"text":105689},{"id":150444,"depth":122,"text":150445},{"id":21079,"depth":97,"text":21080},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":151050},[151051,151052,151053,151054,151056],{"id":150539,"depth":122,"text":150540},{"id":150619,"depth":122,"text":150620},{"id":150707,"depth":122,"text":150708},{"id":150746,"depth":122,"text":151055},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150875,"depth":122,"text":150876},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":151058},[151059,151060,151061,151062,151063],{"id":150948,"depth":122,"text":150949},{"id":150959,"depth":122,"text":150960},{"id":150966,"depth":122,"text":150967},{"id":150973,"depth":122,"text":150974},{"id":150980,"depth":122,"text":151064},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149378,"description":151066},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151073,"title":151074,"body":151075,"description":152620,"extension":2249,"meta":152621,"navigation":125,"path":152622,"seo":152623,"stem":152624,"__hash__":152625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151076,"toc":152590},[151077,151080,151085,151087,151100,151106,151108,151175,151177,151212,151217,151221,151225,151227,151238,151246,151248,151250,151271,151273,151293,151296,151298,151303,151346,151348,151370,151373,151386,151390,151394,151397,151450,151452,151473,151478,151482,151485,151530,151532,151565,151577,151581,151589,151626,151628,151657,151661,151664,151717,151719,151739,151746,151750,151755,151824,151826,151851,151855,151858,151864,151941,151943,152002,152004,152016,152021,152025,152029,152043,152045,152080,152082,152099,152102,152115,152119,152123,152134,152139,152154,152157,152160,152162,152165,152169,152171,152185,152187,152211,152216,152220,152223,152242,152245,152294,152299,152316,152319,152352,152356,152358,152409,152412,152437,152440,152463,152467,152473,152475,152510,152513,152518,152520,152524,152527,152531,152536,152540,152543,152547,152550,152554,152559,152561,152587],[10,151078,151074],{"id":151079},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151081,9406,151082,151084],{},[15,151083,38323],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151086,82864],{},[29,151088,151089,151094],{},[32,151090,151091,151093],{},[15,151092,38323],{}," creates an empty tuple",[32,151095,151096,151099],{},[15,151097,151098],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151101,151102,151103,151105],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151104,38323],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[47,151107,50],{"id":49},[52,151109,151111],{"className":54,"code":151110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151112,151113,151133,151147,151151,151161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151114,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151116,900],{"class":67},[61,151118,72],{"class":71},[61,151120,926],{"class":75},[61,151122,80],{"class":79},[61,151124,83],{"class":75},[61,151126,86],{"class":79},[61,151128,83],{"class":75},[61,151130,91],{"class":79},[61,151132,943],{"class":75},[61,151134,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151136,132],{"class":67},[61,151138,72],{"class":71},[61,151140,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151142,147],{"class":75},[61,151144,3929],{"class":143},[61,151146,153],{"class":75},[61,151148,151149],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151150,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151154,160],{"class":159},[61,151156,147],{"class":75},[61,151158,165],{"class":143},[61,151160,153],{"class":75},[61,151162,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,151164,160],{"class":159},[61,151166,147],{"class":75},[61,151168,2072],{"class":2071},[61,151170,147],{"class":75},[61,151172,165],{"class":143},[61,151174,1761],{"class":75},[20,151176,1598],{},[52,151178,151180],{"className":54,"code":151179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151181,151182,151198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151183,151184,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151185,147],{"class":75},[61,151187,80],{"class":79},[61,151189,83],{"class":75},[61,151191,86],{"class":79},[61,151193,83],{"class":75},[61,151195,91],{"class":79},[61,151197,153],{"class":75},[61,151199,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208,151210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151201,3571],{"class":71},[61,151203,3574],{"class":2350},[61,151205,639],{"class":503},[61,151207,49234],{"class":507},[61,151209,630],{"class":503},[61,151211,3583],{"class":71},[20,151213,1503,151214,151216],{},[15,151215,151098],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[47,151218,151220],{"id":151219},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151222,151223,63206],{},[15,151224,38323],{},[20,151226,49208],{},[29,151228,151229,151232,151235],{},[32,151230,151231],{},"creates a tuple object",[32,151233,151234],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[32,151236,151237],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151239,151240,151241,151243,151244,140],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[214,151242,149393],{"href":149392}," or the full guide to ",[214,151245,148089],{"href":148088},[47,151247,221],{"id":220},[20,151249,26763],{},[52,151251,151253],{"className":54,"code":151252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151254,151255,151261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151256,151257,151259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151258,49234],{"class":2071},[61,151260,8926],{"class":75},[61,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151264,49234],{"class":2071},[61,151266,147],{"class":75},[61,151268,4000],{"class":143},[61,151270,153],{"class":75},[20,151272,11739],{},[29,151274,151275,151278],{},[32,151276,151277],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[32,151279,151280,151281],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[29,151282,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291],{},[32,151284,5579],{},[32,151286,5588],{},[32,151288,63277],{},[32,151290,5585],{},[32,151292,7531],{},[20,151294,151295],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[47,151297,149766],{"id":149765},[20,151299,29926,151300,151302],{},[15,151301,38323],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[52,151304,151306],{"className":54,"code":151305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151307,151308,151318,151322,151332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151309,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151311,124953],{"class":67},[61,151313,72],{"class":71},[61,151315,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151317,8926],{"class":75},[61,151319,151320],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151321,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151323,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151325,160],{"class":159},[61,151327,147],{"class":75},[61,151329,125004],{"class":143},[61,151331,153],{"class":75},[61,151333,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151335,160],{"class":159},[61,151337,147],{"class":75},[61,151339,2072],{"class":2071},[61,151341,147],{"class":75},[61,151343,125004],{"class":143},[61,151345,1761],{"class":75},[20,151347,1598],{},[52,151349,151350],{"className":54,"code":149811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151351,151352,151356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151353,151354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151355,8926],{"class":75},[61,151357,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151359,3571],{"class":71},[61,151361,3574],{"class":2350},[61,151363,639],{"class":503},[61,151365,49234],{"class":507},[61,151367,630],{"class":503},[61,151369,3583],{"class":71},[20,151371,151372],{},"This is equivalent to:",[52,151374,151376],{"className":54,"code":151375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\n",[15,151377,151378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151379,151380,151382,151384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151381,124953],{"class":67},[61,151383,72],{"class":71},[61,151385,149431],{"class":75},[47,151387,151389],{"id":151388},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[887,151391,151393],{"id":151392},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151395,151396],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[52,151398,151400],{"className":54,"code":151399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151401,151402,151422,151436,151440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151403,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151405,900],{"class":67},[61,151407,72],{"class":71},[61,151409,926],{"class":75},[61,151411,2613],{"class":79},[61,151413,83],{"class":75},[61,151415,8072],{"class":79},[61,151417,83],{"class":75},[61,151419,8077],{"class":79},[61,151421,943],{"class":75},[61,151423,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151425,132],{"class":67},[61,151427,72],{"class":71},[61,151429,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151431,147],{"class":75},[61,151433,3929],{"class":143},[61,151435,153],{"class":75},[61,151437,151438],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151439,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151441,151442,151444,151446,151448],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151443,160],{"class":159},[61,151445,147],{"class":75},[61,151447,165],{"class":143},[61,151449,153],{"class":75},[20,151451,1598],{},[52,151453,151455],{"className":54,"code":151454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151456,151457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151458,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151460,147],{"class":75},[61,151462,2613],{"class":79},[61,151464,83],{"class":75},[61,151466,8072],{"class":79},[61,151468,83],{"class":75},[61,151470,8077],{"class":79},[61,151472,153],{"class":75},[20,151474,151475,151476,140],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[214,151477,105308],{"href":60338},[887,151479,151481],{"id":151480},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151483,151484],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[52,151486,151488],{"className":54,"code":151487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151489,151490,151502,151516,151520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151491,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151493,34962],{"class":67},[61,151495,72],{"class":71},[61,151497,515],{"class":503},[61,151499,1218],{"class":507},[61,151501,3639],{"class":503},[61,151503,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151505,132],{"class":67},[61,151507,72],{"class":71},[61,151509,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151511,147],{"class":75},[61,151513,34983],{"class":143},[61,151515,153],{"class":75},[61,151517,151518],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151519,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151521,151522,151524,151526,151528],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151523,160],{"class":159},[61,151525,147],{"class":75},[61,151527,165],{"class":143},[61,151529,153],{"class":75},[20,151531,1598],{},[52,151533,151535],{"className":54,"code":151534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151536,151537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151538,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151540,147],{"class":75},[61,151542,630],{"class":503},[61,151544,1071],{"class":507},[61,151546,630],{"class":503},[61,151548,83],{"class":75},[61,151550,639],{"class":503},[61,151552,214],{"class":507},[61,151554,630],{"class":503},[61,151556,83],{"class":75},[61,151558,639],{"class":503},[61,151560,1276],{"class":507},[61,151562,630],{"class":503},[61,151564,153],{"class":75},[20,151566,151567,151568,14334,151571,151573,151574,140],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151569,151570],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[39,151572,4909],{}," create ",[15,151575,151576],{},"('cat',)",[887,151578,151580],{"id":151579},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151582,151583,151585,151586,151588],{},[15,151584,36474],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151587,38323],{}," collects them all.",[52,151590,151592],{"className":54,"code":151591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151593,151594,151612,151616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151597,132],{"class":67},[61,151599,72],{"class":71},[61,151601,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151603,147],{"class":75},[61,151605,60281],{"class":159},[61,151607,147],{"class":75},[61,151609,1013],{"class":79},[61,151611,1761],{"class":75},[61,151613,151614],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151615,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151619,160],{"class":159},[61,151621,147],{"class":75},[61,151623,165],{"class":143},[61,151625,153],{"class":75},[20,151627,1598],{},[52,151629,151631],{"className":54,"code":151630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151632,151633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151634,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151636,147],{"class":75},[61,151638,2405],{"class":79},[61,151640,83],{"class":75},[61,151642,1720],{"class":79},[61,151644,83],{"class":75},[61,151646,86],{"class":79},[61,151648,83],{"class":75},[61,151650,91],{"class":79},[61,151652,83],{"class":75},[61,151654,112],{"class":79},[61,151656,153],{"class":75},[887,151658,151660],{"id":151659},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151662,151663],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[52,151665,151667],{"className":54,"code":151666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151668,151669,151689,151703,151707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151670,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151672,4103],{"class":67},[61,151674,72],{"class":71},[61,151676,76],{"class":75},[61,151678,80],{"class":79},[61,151680,83],{"class":75},[61,151682,86],{"class":79},[61,151684,83],{"class":75},[61,151686,91],{"class":79},[61,151688,94],{"class":75},[61,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151692,132],{"class":67},[61,151694,72],{"class":71},[61,151696,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151698,147],{"class":75},[61,151700,5638],{"class":143},[61,151702,153],{"class":75},[61,151704,151705],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151706,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151708,151709,151711,151713,151715],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151710,160],{"class":159},[61,151712,147],{"class":75},[61,151714,165],{"class":143},[61,151716,153],{"class":75},[20,151718,1598],{},[52,151720,151721],{"className":54,"code":149668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151722,151723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151724,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151726,147],{"class":75},[61,151728,80],{"class":79},[61,151730,83],{"class":75},[61,151732,86],{"class":79},[61,151734,83],{"class":75},[61,151736,91],{"class":79},[61,151738,153],{"class":75},[20,151740,151741,151742,140],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[214,151743,151745],{"href":151744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[887,151747,151749],{"id":151748},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151751,63819,151752,151754],{},[15,151753,38323],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[52,151756,151758],{"className":54,"code":151757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151759,151760,151796,151810,151814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151761,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151763,13485],{"class":67},[61,151765,72],{"class":71},[61,151767,76],{"class":75},[61,151769,504],{"class":503},[61,151771,7949],{"class":507},[61,151773,504],{"class":503},[61,151775,192],{"class":75},[61,151777,515],{"class":503},[61,151779,13161],{"class":507},[61,151781,504],{"class":503},[61,151783,83],{"class":75},[61,151785,515],{"class":503},[61,151787,9581],{"class":507},[61,151789,504],{"class":503},[61,151791,192],{"class":75},[61,151793,9588],{"class":79},[61,151795,94],{"class":75},[61,151797,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151799,132],{"class":67},[61,151801,72],{"class":71},[61,151803,149455],{"class":2071},[61,151805,147],{"class":75},[61,151807,17586],{"class":143},[61,151809,153],{"class":75},[61,151811,151812],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151813,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151815,151816,151818,151820,151822],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151817,160],{"class":159},[61,151819,147],{"class":75},[61,151821,165],{"class":143},[61,151823,153],{"class":75},[20,151825,617],{},[52,151827,151829],{"className":54,"code":151828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151830,151831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151832,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151834,147],{"class":75},[61,151836,630],{"class":503},[61,151838,7949],{"class":507},[61,151840,630],{"class":503},[61,151842,83],{"class":75},[61,151844,639],{"class":503},[61,151846,9581],{"class":507},[61,151848,630],{"class":503},[61,151850,153],{"class":75},[47,151852,151854],{"id":151853},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151856,151857],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151859,151860,151863],{},[15,151861,151862],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[52,151865,151867],{"className":54,"code":151866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151868,151869,151905,151909,151923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151870,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151872,13485],{"class":67},[61,151874,72],{"class":71},[61,151876,76],{"class":75},[61,151878,504],{"class":503},[61,151880,7949],{"class":507},[61,151882,504],{"class":503},[61,151884,192],{"class":75},[61,151886,515],{"class":503},[61,151888,13161],{"class":507},[61,151890,504],{"class":503},[61,151892,83],{"class":75},[61,151894,515],{"class":503},[61,151896,9581],{"class":507},[61,151898,504],{"class":503},[61,151900,192],{"class":75},[61,151902,9588],{"class":79},[61,151904,94],{"class":75},[61,151906,151907],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151908,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,151910,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,151912,160],{"class":159},[61,151914,147],{"class":75},[61,151916,49234],{"class":2071},[61,151918,147],{"class":75},[61,151920,17586],{"class":143},[61,151922,1761],{"class":75},[61,151924,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,151926,160],{"class":159},[61,151928,147],{"class":75},[61,151930,49234],{"class":2071},[61,151932,147],{"class":75},[61,151934,17586],{"class":143},[61,151936,140],{"class":75},[61,151938,8092],{"class":143},[61,151940,6569],{"class":75},[20,151942,1598],{},[52,151944,151946],{"className":54,"code":151945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151947,151948,151968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151949,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151951,147],{"class":75},[61,151953,630],{"class":503},[61,151955,7949],{"class":507},[61,151957,630],{"class":503},[61,151959,83],{"class":75},[61,151961,639],{"class":503},[61,151963,9581],{"class":507},[61,151965,630],{"class":503},[61,151967,153],{"class":75},[61,151969,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,151971,5790],{"class":75},[61,151973,630],{"class":503},[61,151975,7949],{"class":507},[61,151977,630],{"class":503},[61,151979,83],{"class":75},[61,151981,639],{"class":503},[61,151983,13161],{"class":507},[61,151985,630],{"class":503},[61,151987,9517],{"class":75},[61,151989,1058],{"class":75},[61,151991,630],{"class":503},[61,151993,9581],{"class":507},[61,151995,630],{"class":503},[61,151997,83],{"class":75},[61,151999,9588],{"class":79},[61,152001,1761],{"class":75},[20,152003,18974],{},[29,152005,152006,152011],{},[32,152007,152008,152010],{},[15,152009,151862],{}," for keys",[32,152012,152013,32832],{},[15,152014,152015],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152017,152018,152019,140],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[214,152020,63829],{"href":63828},[47,152022,152024],{"id":152023},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152026,152027,18598],{},[15,152028,38323],{},[29,152030,152031,152034,152037,152040],{},[32,152032,152033],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[32,152035,152036],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[32,152038,152039],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[32,152041,152042],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152044,368],{},[52,152046,152048],{"className":54,"code":152047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152049,152050,152069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152051,152052,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152053,152054],{"class":67},"coordinates ",[61,152056,72],{"class":71},[61,152058,149455],{"class":2071},[61,152060,1878],{"class":75},[61,152062,788],{"class":79},[61,152064,83],{"class":75},[61,152066,6274],{"class":79},[61,152068,1887],{"class":75},[61,152070,152071,152073,152075,152078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152072,160],{"class":159},[61,152074,147],{"class":75},[61,152076,152077],{"class":143},"coordinates",[61,152079,153],{"class":75},[20,152081,1598],{},[52,152083,152085],{"className":54,"code":152084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152086,152087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152088,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152090,147],{"class":75},[61,152092,788],{"class":79},[61,152094,83],{"class":75},[61,152096,6274],{"class":79},[61,152098,153],{"class":75},[20,152100,152101],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[29,152103,152104,152106,152109,152112],{},[32,152105,152077],{},[32,152107,152108],{},"RGB colors",[32,152110,152111],{},"dates",[32,152113,152114],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[47,152116,152118],{"id":152117},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152120,44708,152121,10881],{},[15,152122,38323],{},[29,152124,152125,152128,152131],{},[32,152126,152127],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[32,152129,152130],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[32,152132,152133],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152135,116580,152136,152138],{},[39,152137,4909],{}," work:",[52,152140,152142],{"className":54,"code":152141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152143,152144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152145,152146,152148,152150,152152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152147,49234],{"class":2071},[61,152149,147],{"class":75},[61,152151,1013],{"class":79},[61,152153,153],{"class":75},[20,152155,152156],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152158,152159],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[47,152161,115418],{"id":115417},[20,152163,152164],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[887,152166,152168],{"id":152167},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152170,1904],{},[52,152172,152173],{"className":54,"code":152141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,152174,152175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152176,152177,152179,152181,152183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152178,49234],{"class":2071},[61,152180,147],{"class":75},[61,152182,1013],{"class":79},[61,152184,153],{"class":75},[20,152186,29957],{},[52,152188,152189],{"className":54,"code":63933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,152190,152191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152192,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152194,3285],{"class":2071},[61,152196,192],{"class":75},[61,152198,639],{"class":503},[61,152200,2473],{"class":507},[61,152202,630],{"class":503},[61,152204,24893],{"class":2071},[61,152206,8380],{"class":71},[61,152208,8383],{"class":71},[61,152210,63956],{"class":67},[20,152212,152213,152214,140],{},"If you see this, read ",[214,152215,62572],{"href":52882},[887,152217,152219],{"id":152218},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152221,152222],{},"This code:",[52,152224,152226],{"className":54,"code":152225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152227,152228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152229,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152231,49234],{"class":2071},[61,152233,147],{"class":75},[61,152235,504],{"class":503},[61,152237,4126],{"class":507},[61,152239,504],{"class":503},[61,152241,153],{"class":75},[20,152243,152244],{},"returns:",[52,152246,152248],{"className":54,"code":152247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152249,152250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152251,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152253,147],{"class":75},[61,152255,630],{"class":503},[61,152257,60721],{"class":507},[61,152259,630],{"class":503},[61,152261,83],{"class":75},[61,152263,639],{"class":503},[61,152265,60730],{"class":507},[61,152267,630],{"class":503},[61,152269,83],{"class":75},[61,152271,639],{"class":503},[61,152273,60739],{"class":507},[61,152275,630],{"class":503},[61,152277,83],{"class":75},[61,152279,639],{"class":503},[61,152281,60739],{"class":507},[61,152283,630],{"class":503},[61,152285,83],{"class":75},[61,152287,639],{"class":503},[61,152289,60756],{"class":507},[61,152291,630],{"class":503},[61,152293,153],{"class":75},[20,152295,41184,152296,152298],{},[39,152297,4909],{}," return:",[52,152300,152302],{"className":54,"code":152301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('hello',)\n",[15,152303,152304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152305,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152307,147],{"class":75},[61,152309,630],{"class":503},[61,152311,4126],{"class":507},[61,152313,630],{"class":503},[61,152315,149445],{"class":75},[20,152317,152318],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[52,152320,152322],{"className":54,"code":152321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152323,152324,152341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152325,152326,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152327,152328],{"class":67},"single ",[61,152330,72],{"class":71},[61,152332,1058],{"class":75},[61,152334,504],{"class":503},[61,152336,4126],{"class":507},[61,152338,504],{"class":503},[61,152340,149445],{"class":75},[61,152342,152343,152345,152347,152350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152344,160],{"class":159},[61,152346,147],{"class":75},[61,152348,152349],{"class":143},"single",[61,152351,153],{"class":75},[887,152353,152355],{"id":152354},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152357,152222],{},[52,152359,152361],{"className":54,"code":152360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152362,152363,152395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152364,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152366,9449],{"class":67},[61,152368,72],{"class":71},[61,152370,76],{"class":75},[61,152372,504],{"class":503},[61,152374,214],{"class":507},[61,152376,504],{"class":503},[61,152378,192],{"class":75},[61,152380,1720],{"class":79},[61,152382,83],{"class":75},[61,152384,515],{"class":503},[61,152386,329],{"class":507},[61,152388,504],{"class":503},[61,152390,192],{"class":75},[61,152392,86],{"class":79},[61,152394,94],{"class":75},[61,152396,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152398,160],{"class":159},[61,152400,147],{"class":75},[61,152402,49234],{"class":2071},[61,152404,147],{"class":75},[61,152406,9488],{"class":143},[61,152408,1761],{"class":75},[20,152410,152411],{},"returns only the keys:",[52,152413,152415],{"className":54,"code":152414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152416,152417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152418,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152420,147],{"class":75},[61,152422,630],{"class":503},[61,152424,214],{"class":507},[61,152426,630],{"class":503},[61,152428,83],{"class":75},[61,152430,639],{"class":503},[61,152432,329],{"class":507},[61,152434,630],{"class":503},[61,152436,153],{"class":75},[20,152438,152439],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[52,152441,152443],{"className":54,"code":152442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152444,152445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152446,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152448,160],{"class":159},[61,152450,147],{"class":75},[61,152452,49234],{"class":2071},[61,152454,147],{"class":75},[61,152456,9488],{"class":143},[61,152458,140],{"class":75},[61,152460,8092],{"class":143},[61,152462,6569],{"class":75},[887,152464,152466],{"id":152465},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152468,152469,152470,152472],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152471,38323],{}," conversion.",[20,152474,5752],{},[52,152476,152478],{"className":54,"code":152477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152479,152480,152500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152481,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152483,2730],{"class":67},[61,152485,72],{"class":71},[61,152487,1058],{"class":75},[61,152489,80],{"class":79},[61,152491,83],{"class":75},[61,152493,86],{"class":79},[61,152495,83],{"class":75},[61,152497,91],{"class":79},[61,152499,153],{"class":75},[61,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152503,160],{"class":159},[61,152505,147],{"class":75},[61,152507,2755],{"class":143},[61,152509,153],{"class":75},[20,152511,152512],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152514,25781,152515,152517],{},[15,152516,38323],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[47,152519,2109],{"id":2108},[887,152521,152523],{"id":152522},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152525,152526],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[887,152528,152530],{"id":152529},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152532,152533,152534,140],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152535,7646],{},[887,152537,152539],{"id":152538},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152541,152542],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[887,152544,152546],{"id":152545},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152548,152549],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[887,152551,152553],{"id":152552},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152555,152556,152557,140],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152558,3285],{},[47,152560,2172],{"id":2171},[29,152562,152563,152567,152571,152575,152579,152583],{},[32,152564,152565],{},[214,152566,148089],{"href":148088},[32,152568,152569],{},[214,152570,151016],{"href":149392},[32,152572,152573],{},[214,152574,105308],{"href":60338},[32,152576,152577],{},[214,152578,151745],{"href":151744},[32,152580,152581],{},[214,152582,63829],{"href":63828},[32,152584,152585],{},[214,152586,62572],{"href":52882},[2204,152588,152589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":152591},[152592,152593,152594,152595,152596,152603,152604,152605,152606,152612,152619],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":151219,"depth":97,"text":151220},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":149765,"depth":97,"text":149766},{"id":151388,"depth":97,"text":151389,"children":152597},[152598,152599,152600,152601,152602],{"id":151392,"depth":122,"text":151393},{"id":151480,"depth":122,"text":151481},{"id":151579,"depth":122,"text":151580},{"id":151659,"depth":122,"text":151660},{"id":151748,"depth":122,"text":151749},{"id":151853,"depth":97,"text":151854},{"id":152023,"depth":97,"text":152024},{"id":152117,"depth":97,"text":152118},{"id":115417,"depth":97,"text":115418,"children":152607},[152608,152609,152610,152611],{"id":152167,"depth":122,"text":152168},{"id":152218,"depth":122,"text":152219},{"id":152354,"depth":122,"text":152355},{"id":152465,"depth":122,"text":152466},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":152613},[152614,152615,152616,152617,152618],{"id":152522,"depth":122,"text":152523},{"id":152529,"depth":122,"text":152530},{"id":152538,"depth":122,"text":152539},{"id":152545,"depth":122,"text":152546},{"id":152552,"depth":122,"text":152553},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151074,"description":152620},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152627,"title":152628,"body":152629,"description":154042,"extension":2249,"meta":154043,"navigation":125,"path":154044,"seo":154045,"stem":154046,"__hash__":154047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152630,"toc":154014},[152631,152636,152641,152644,152646,152725,152731,152736,152740,152755,152757,152804,152806,152814,152822,152828,152830,152835,152855,152858,152885,152887,152911,152913,153055,153057,153061,153069,153072,153074,153151,153153,153161,153165,153169,153179,153189,153191,153196,153198,153257,153262,153264,153364,153366,153380,153385,153391,153398,153401,153403,153513,153517,153534,153536,153599,153601,153609,153621,153625,153630,153658,153661,153743,153745,153756,153758,153762,153789,153791,153793,153873,153881,153883,153938,153940,153945,153948,153952,153956,153958,153962,153966,153974,153981,153984,153986,154011],[10,152632,147973,152634,18],{"id":152633},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152635,59250],{},[20,152637,152638,152640],{},[15,152639,149294],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152642,152643],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[47,152645,50],{"id":49},[52,152647,152649],{"className":54,"code":152648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152650,152651,152691,152713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152652,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152654,13356],{"class":67},[61,152656,72],{"class":71},[61,152658,1058],{"class":75},[61,152660,504],{"class":503},[61,152662,13373],{"class":507},[61,152664,504],{"class":503},[61,152666,83],{"class":75},[61,152668,515],{"class":503},[61,152670,13390],{"class":507},[61,152672,504],{"class":503},[61,152674,83],{"class":75},[61,152676,515],{"class":503},[61,152678,17735],{"class":507},[61,152680,504],{"class":503},[61,152682,83],{"class":75},[61,152684,515],{"class":503},[61,152686,13390],{"class":507},[61,152688,504],{"class":503},[61,152690,153],{"class":75},[61,152692,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152694,65199],{"class":67},[61,152696,72],{"class":71},[61,152698,13404],{"class":67},[61,152700,140],{"class":75},[61,152702,36122],{"class":143},[61,152704,147],{"class":75},[61,152706,504],{"class":503},[61,152708,13390],{"class":507},[61,152710,504],{"class":503},[61,152712,153],{"class":75},[61,152714,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,152716,160],{"class":159},[61,152718,147],{"class":75},[61,152720,65226],{"class":143},[61,152722,442],{"class":75},[61,152724,28056],{"class":173},[20,152726,152727,152730],{},[15,152728,152729],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[47,152732,184,152734,187],{"id":152733},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152735,149294],{},[20,152737,2266,152738,11693],{},[15,152739,59250],{},[29,152741,152742,152745,152747,152750],{},[32,152743,152744],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[32,152746,128571],{},[32,152748,152749],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[32,152751,152752,152753],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152754,2405],{},[20,152756,368],{},[52,152758,152760],{"className":54,"code":152759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152761,152762,152786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152763,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152765,900],{"class":67},[61,152767,72],{"class":71},[61,152769,1058],{"class":75},[61,152771,2613],{"class":79},[61,152773,83],{"class":75},[61,152775,8072],{"class":79},[61,152777,83],{"class":75},[61,152779,8077],{"class":79},[61,152781,83],{"class":75},[61,152783,8072],{"class":79},[61,152785,153],{"class":75},[61,152787,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152789,160],{"class":159},[61,152791,147],{"class":75},[61,152793,3929],{"class":143},[61,152795,140],{"class":75},[61,152797,36122],{"class":143},[61,152799,147],{"class":75},[61,152801,16033],{"class":79},[61,152803,1761],{"class":75},[20,152805,1598],{},[52,152807,152808],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,152809,152810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152811,152812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152813,47197],{"class":79},[20,152815,1010,152816,152818,152819,152821],{},[15,152817,16033],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152820,59250],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152823,151240,152824,140],{},[214,152825,152827],{"href":152826},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[47,152829,221],{"id":220},[20,152831,8044,152832,152834],{},[15,152833,59250],{}," in two ways:",[52,152836,152838],{"className":54,"code":152837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152839,152840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152841,152842,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152843,152844],{"class":67},"tuple_name",[61,152846,140],{"class":75},[61,152848,36122],{"class":143},[61,152850,147],{"class":75},[61,152852,2755],{"class":143},[61,152854,153],{"class":75},[20,152856,152857],{},"or:",[52,152859,152861],{"className":54,"code":152860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152862,152863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152864,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152866,152844],{"class":67},[61,152868,140],{"class":75},[61,152870,36122],{"class":143},[61,152872,147],{"class":75},[61,152874,2755],{"class":143},[61,152876,83],{"class":75},[61,152878,36328],{"class":143},[61,152880,83],{"class":75},[61,152882,65320],{"class":143},[61,152884,153],{"class":75},[887,152886,17674],{"id":17673},[29,152888,152889,152894,152899,152904],{},[32,152890,152891,152893],{},[15,152892,2755],{}," — the item to search for",[32,152895,152896,152898],{},[15,152897,36349],{}," — optional starting position",[32,152900,152901,152903],{},[15,152902,52943],{}," — optional ending position",[32,152905,152906,5062,152908,152910],{},[15,152907,52943],{},[39,152909,65349],{}," in the search",[20,152912,368],{},[52,152914,152916],{"className":54,"code":152915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152917,152918,152966,152970,152995,153023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152919,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152921,1028],{"class":67},[61,152923,72],{"class":71},[61,152925,1058],{"class":75},[61,152927,504],{"class":503},[61,152929,214],{"class":507},[61,152931,504],{"class":503},[61,152933,83],{"class":75},[61,152935,515],{"class":503},[61,152937,329],{"class":507},[61,152939,504],{"class":503},[61,152941,83],{"class":75},[61,152943,515],{"class":503},[61,152945,1071],{"class":507},[61,152947,504],{"class":503},[61,152949,83],{"class":75},[61,152951,515],{"class":503},[61,152953,329],{"class":507},[61,152955,504],{"class":503},[61,152957,83],{"class":75},[61,152959,515],{"class":503},[61,152961,1080],{"class":507},[61,152963,504],{"class":503},[61,152965,153],{"class":75},[61,152967,152968],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152969,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,152971,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,152973,160],{"class":159},[61,152975,147],{"class":75},[61,152977,36419],{"class":143},[61,152979,140],{"class":75},[61,152981,36122],{"class":143},[61,152983,147],{"class":75},[61,152985,504],{"class":503},[61,152987,329],{"class":507},[61,152989,504],{"class":503},[61,152991,5641],{"class":75},[61,152993,152994],{"class":173},"        # 1\n",[61,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,152998,160],{"class":159},[61,153000,147],{"class":75},[61,153002,36419],{"class":143},[61,153004,140],{"class":75},[61,153006,36122],{"class":143},[61,153008,147],{"class":75},[61,153010,504],{"class":503},[61,153012,329],{"class":507},[61,153014,504],{"class":503},[61,153016,83],{"class":75},[61,153018,86],{"class":79},[61,153020,5641],{"class":75},[61,153022,51200],{"class":173},[61,153024,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,153026,160],{"class":159},[61,153028,147],{"class":75},[61,153030,36419],{"class":143},[61,153032,140],{"class":75},[61,153034,36122],{"class":143},[61,153036,147],{"class":75},[61,153038,504],{"class":503},[61,153040,329],{"class":507},[61,153042,504],{"class":503},[61,153044,83],{"class":75},[61,153046,1720],{"class":79},[61,153048,83],{"class":75},[61,153050,91],{"class":79},[61,153052,5641],{"class":75},[61,153054,28056],{"class":173},[47,153056,103635],{"id":103634},[20,153058,153059,25784],{},[15,153060,149294],{},[29,153062,153063,153066],{},[32,153064,153065],{},"An integer",[32,153067,153068],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153070,153071],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153073,368],{},[52,153075,153077],{"className":54,"code":153076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153078,153079,153119,153141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153080,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153082,108731],{"class":67},[61,153084,72],{"class":71},[61,153086,1058],{"class":75},[61,153088,504],{"class":503},[61,153090,1218],{"class":507},[61,153092,504],{"class":503},[61,153094,83],{"class":75},[61,153096,515],{"class":503},[61,153098,1787],{"class":507},[61,153100,504],{"class":503},[61,153102,83],{"class":75},[61,153104,515],{"class":503},[61,153106,58426],{"class":507},[61,153108,504],{"class":503},[61,153110,83],{"class":75},[61,153112,515],{"class":503},[61,153114,1787],{"class":507},[61,153116,504],{"class":503},[61,153118,153],{"class":75},[61,153120,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153122,132],{"class":67},[61,153124,72],{"class":71},[61,153126,108774],{"class":67},[61,153128,140],{"class":75},[61,153130,36122],{"class":143},[61,153132,147],{"class":75},[61,153134,504],{"class":503},[61,153136,1787],{"class":507},[61,153138,504],{"class":503},[61,153140,153],{"class":75},[61,153142,153143,153145,153147,153149],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153144,160],{"class":159},[61,153146,147],{"class":75},[61,153148,165],{"class":143},[61,153150,153],{"class":75},[20,153152,1598],{},[52,153154,153155],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,153156,153157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153158,153159],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153160,47197],{"class":79},[47,153162,153164],{"id":153163},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153166,1503,153167,10881],{},[15,153168,149294],{},[29,153170,153171,153173,153176],{},[32,153172,66376],{},[32,153174,153175],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[32,153177,153178],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153180,153181,153182,153185,153186,140],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153183,153184],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[214,153187,149762],{"href":153188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[47,153190,65909],{"id":65908},[20,153192,153193,153194,140],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153195,40982],{},[20,153197,368],{},[52,153199,153201],{"className":54,"code":153200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153202,153203,153235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153206,13356],{"class":67},[61,153208,72],{"class":71},[61,153210,1058],{"class":75},[61,153212,504],{"class":503},[61,153214,13373],{"class":507},[61,153216,504],{"class":503},[61,153218,83],{"class":75},[61,153220,515],{"class":503},[61,153222,13390],{"class":507},[61,153224,504],{"class":503},[61,153226,83],{"class":75},[61,153228,515],{"class":503},[61,153230,17735],{"class":507},[61,153232,504],{"class":503},[61,153234,153],{"class":75},[61,153236,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153238,160],{"class":159},[61,153240,147],{"class":75},[61,153242,17782],{"class":143},[61,153244,140],{"class":75},[61,153246,36122],{"class":143},[61,153248,147],{"class":75},[61,153250,504],{"class":503},[61,153252,22800],{"class":507},[61,153254,504],{"class":503},[61,153256,1761],{"class":75},[20,153258,39931,153259,153261],{},[15,153260,110056],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153263,65983],{},[52,153265,153267],{"className":54,"code":153266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153268,153269,153301,153305,153321,153343,153349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153270,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153272,13356],{"class":67},[61,153274,72],{"class":71},[61,153276,1058],{"class":75},[61,153278,504],{"class":503},[61,153280,13373],{"class":507},[61,153282,504],{"class":503},[61,153284,83],{"class":75},[61,153286,515],{"class":503},[61,153288,13390],{"class":507},[61,153290,504],{"class":503},[61,153292,83],{"class":75},[61,153294,515],{"class":503},[61,153296,17735],{"class":507},[61,153298,504],{"class":503},[61,153300,153],{"class":75},[61,153302,153303],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153304,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,153306,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153308,7277],{"class":4158},[61,153310,515],{"class":503},[61,153312,22800],{"class":507},[61,153314,504],{"class":503},[61,153316,21452],{"class":71},[61,153318,13404],{"class":67},[61,153320,6673],{"class":75},[61,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,153324,8352],{"class":159},[61,153326,147],{"class":75},[61,153328,17782],{"class":143},[61,153330,140],{"class":75},[61,153332,36122],{"class":143},[61,153334,147],{"class":75},[61,153336,504],{"class":503},[61,153338,22800],{"class":507},[61,153340,504],{"class":503},[61,153342,1761],{"class":75},[61,153344,153345,153347],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,153346,27710],{"class":4158},[61,153348,6673],{"class":75},[61,153350,153351,153353,153355,153357,153360,153362],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,153352,8352],{"class":159},[61,153354,147],{"class":75},[61,153356,504],{"class":503},[61,153358,153359],{"class":507},"Value not found",[61,153361,504],{"class":503},[61,153363,153],{"class":75},[20,153365,1598],{},[52,153367,153369],{"className":54,"code":153368,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Value not found\n",[15,153370,153371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153372,153373,153376,153378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153374,153375],{"class":67},"Value ",[61,153377,4909],{"class":71},[61,153379,66107],{"class":67},[20,153381,153382,153383,140],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[214,153384,66117],{"href":66116},[47,153386,716,153387,700,153389],{"id":65685},[15,153388,36349],{},[15,153390,52943],{},[20,153392,2266,153393,700,153395,153397],{},[15,153394,36349],{},[15,153396,52943],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153399,153400],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153402,368],{},[52,153404,153406],{"className":54,"code":153405,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153407,153408,153436,153440,153461,153485],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153409,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153411,4103],{"class":67},[61,153413,72],{"class":71},[61,153415,1058],{"class":75},[61,153417,1013],{"class":79},[61,153419,83],{"class":75},[61,153421,6285],{"class":79},[61,153423,83],{"class":75},[61,153425,117],{"class":79},[61,153427,83],{"class":75},[61,153429,8072],{"class":79},[61,153431,83],{"class":75},[61,153433,117],{"class":79},[61,153435,153],{"class":75},[61,153437,153438],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153439,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,153441,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153443,160],{"class":159},[61,153445,147],{"class":75},[61,153447,5638],{"class":143},[61,153449,140],{"class":75},[61,153451,36122],{"class":143},[61,153453,147],{"class":75},[61,153455,1013],{"class":79},[61,153457,5641],{"class":75},[61,153459,153460],{"class":173},"        # 0\n",[61,153462,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,153464,160],{"class":159},[61,153466,147],{"class":75},[61,153468,5638],{"class":143},[61,153470,140],{"class":75},[61,153472,36122],{"class":143},[61,153474,147],{"class":75},[61,153476,1013],{"class":79},[61,153478,83],{"class":75},[61,153480,1720],{"class":79},[61,153482,5641],{"class":75},[61,153484,51234],{"class":173},[61,153486,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,153488,160],{"class":159},[61,153490,147],{"class":75},[61,153492,5638],{"class":143},[61,153494,140],{"class":75},[61,153496,36122],{"class":143},[61,153498,147],{"class":75},[61,153500,1013],{"class":79},[61,153502,83],{"class":75},[61,153504,91],{"class":79},[61,153506,83],{"class":75},[61,153508,117],{"class":79},[61,153510,5641],{"class":75},[61,153512,51217],{"class":173},[887,153514,153516],{"id":153515},"how-it-works","How it works",[29,153518,153519,153524,153529],{},[32,153520,153521,153523],{},[15,153522,36349],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[32,153525,153526,153528],{},[15,153527,52943],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[32,153530,2266,153531,153533],{},[15,153532,52943],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153535,368],{},[52,153537,153539],{"className":54,"code":153538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153540,153541,153569,153573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153542,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153544,4103],{"class":67},[61,153546,72],{"class":71},[61,153548,1058],{"class":75},[61,153550,1013],{"class":79},[61,153552,83],{"class":75},[61,153554,6285],{"class":79},[61,153556,83],{"class":75},[61,153558,117],{"class":79},[61,153560,83],{"class":75},[61,153562,8072],{"class":79},[61,153564,83],{"class":75},[61,153566,117],{"class":79},[61,153568,153],{"class":75},[61,153570,153571],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153572,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,153574,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153576,160],{"class":159},[61,153578,147],{"class":75},[61,153580,5638],{"class":143},[61,153582,140],{"class":75},[61,153584,36122],{"class":143},[61,153586,147],{"class":75},[61,153588,1013],{"class":79},[61,153590,83],{"class":75},[61,153592,1720],{"class":79},[61,153594,83],{"class":75},[61,153596,112],{"class":79},[61,153598,1761],{"class":75},[20,153600,1598],{},[52,153602,153603],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,153604,153605],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153606,153607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153608,17336],{"class":79},[20,153610,153611,153612,1830,153614,1833,153616,153618,153619,140],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153613,80],{},[15,153615,301],{},[15,153617,107],{},", but not ",[15,153620,788],{},[47,153622,153624],{"id":153623},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153626,153627,153628,192],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153629,149294],{},[29,153631,153632,153640,153645,153652],{},[32,153633,153634,153635,153637,153638],{},"Do not confuse the ",[39,153636,2755],{}," with the ",[39,153639,36122],{},[32,153641,153642,153643],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153644,2405],{},[32,153646,1503,153647,153651],{},[214,153648,149320,153649,1516],{"href":149372},[15,153650,57573],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[32,153653,153654,153655,153657],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153656,153184],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153659,153660],{},"Example of value vs index:",[52,153662,153664],{"className":54,"code":153663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153665,153666,153698,153702,153726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153667,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153669,36515],{"class":67},[61,153671,72],{"class":71},[61,153673,1058],{"class":75},[61,153675,504],{"class":503},[61,153677,508],{"class":507},[61,153679,504],{"class":503},[61,153681,83],{"class":75},[61,153683,515],{"class":503},[61,153685,518],{"class":507},[61,153687,504],{"class":503},[61,153689,83],{"class":75},[61,153691,515],{"class":503},[61,153693,527],{"class":507},[61,153695,504],{"class":503},[61,153697,153],{"class":75},[61,153699,153700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153701,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153705,160],{"class":159},[61,153707,147],{"class":75},[61,153709,36567],{"class":143},[61,153711,140],{"class":75},[61,153713,36122],{"class":143},[61,153715,147],{"class":75},[61,153717,504],{"class":503},[61,153719,518],{"class":507},[61,153721,504],{"class":503},[61,153723,5641],{"class":75},[61,153725,28056],{"class":173},[61,153727,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,153729,160],{"class":159},[61,153731,147],{"class":75},[61,153733,36567],{"class":143},[61,153735,4182],{"class":75},[61,153737,80],{"class":79},[61,153739,20725],{"class":75},[61,153741,153742],{"class":173},"               # banana\n",[20,153744,2463],{},[29,153746,153747,153751],{},[32,153748,153749,15527],{},[15,153750,699],{},[32,153752,153753,153755],{},[15,153754,80],{}," is the index",[47,153757,3111],{"id":3110},[20,153759,106373,153760,192],{},[15,153761,149294],{},[29,153763,153764,153767,153772,153777,153784],{},[32,153765,153766],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[32,153768,1524,153769,153771],{},[15,153770,59250],{}," to return all matching positions",[32,153773,153774,153775],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153776,2405],{},[32,153778,153779,153780,700,153782],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153781,36349],{},[15,153783,52943],{},[32,153785,37480,153786,153788],{},[15,153787,149294],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[887,153790,60993],{"id":60992},[20,153792,94655],{},[52,153794,153796],{"className":54,"code":153795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153797,153798,153808,153822,153837,153855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153799,153800,153802,153804,153806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153801,160],{"class":159},[61,153803,147],{"class":75},[61,153805,148107],{"class":143},[61,153807,153],{"class":75},[61,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153811,160],{"class":159},[61,153813,147],{"class":75},[61,153815,11442],{"class":159},[61,153817,147],{"class":75},[61,153819,148107],{"class":143},[61,153821,1761],{"class":75},[61,153823,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153835],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153825,160],{"class":159},[61,153827,147],{"class":75},[61,153829,2730],{"class":143},[61,153831,4165],{"class":4158},[61,153833,153834],{"class":143}," my_tuple",[61,153836,153],{"class":75},[61,153838,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,153840,160],{"class":159},[61,153842,147],{"class":75},[61,153844,148107],{"class":143},[61,153846,140],{"class":75},[61,153848,41538],{"class":143},[61,153850,147],{"class":75},[61,153852,2755],{"class":143},[61,153854,1761],{"class":75},[61,153856,153857,153859,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,153858,160],{"class":159},[61,153860,147],{"class":75},[61,153862,148107],{"class":143},[61,153864,140],{"class":75},[61,153866,36122],{"class":143},[61,153868,147],{"class":75},[61,153870,2755],{"class":143},[61,153872,1761],{"class":75},[20,153874,153875,153876,84672,153878,153880],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153877,40982],{},[15,153879,2755],{}," is missing.",[20,153882,129724],{},[52,153884,153886],{"className":54,"code":153885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153887,153888,153900,153918,153924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153891,7277],{"class":4158},[61,153893,21863],{"class":67},[61,153895,4165],{"class":71},[61,153897,153834],{"class":67},[61,153899,6673],{"class":75},[61,153901,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153903,8352],{"class":159},[61,153905,147],{"class":75},[61,153907,148107],{"class":143},[61,153909,140],{"class":75},[61,153911,36122],{"class":143},[61,153913,147],{"class":75},[61,153915,2755],{"class":143},[61,153917,1761],{"class":75},[61,153919,153920,153922],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,153921,27710],{"class":4158},[61,153923,6673],{"class":75},[61,153925,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,153927,8352],{"class":159},[61,153929,147],{"class":75},[61,153931,504],{"class":503},[61,153933,153359],{"class":507},[61,153935,504],{"class":503},[61,153937,153],{"class":75},[47,153939,2109],{"id":2108},[887,153941,5422,153943,12996],{"id":153942},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153944,149294],{},[20,153946,153947],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[887,153949,153951],{"id":153950},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153953,153954,152821],{},[15,153955,149294],{},[887,153957,149273],{"id":149272},[20,153959,77134,153960,140],{},[15,153961,40982],{},[887,153963,153965],{"id":153964},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153967,153968,153969,700,153971,153973],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153970,36349],{},[15,153972,52943],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[887,153975,15184,153977,57488,153979,2159],{"id":153976},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153978,149294],{},[15,153980,65145],{},[20,153982,153983],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[47,153985,2172],{"id":2171},[29,153987,153988,153994,153998,154003,154007],{},[32,153989,153990],{},[214,153991,149320,153992,1516],{"href":149372},[15,153993,57573],{},[32,153995,153996],{},[214,153997,149762],{"href":153188},[32,153999,154000],{},[214,154001,154002],{"href":151068},"Creating a tuple in Python",[32,154004,154005],{},[214,154006,66117],{"href":66116},[32,154008,154009],{},[214,154010,151016],{"href":152826},[2204,154012,154013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":154015},[154016,154017,154019,154022,154023,154024,154025,154028,154029,154032,154041],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":152733,"depth":97,"text":154018},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221,"children":154020},[154021],{"id":17673,"depth":122,"text":17674},{"id":103634,"depth":97,"text":103635},{"id":153163,"depth":97,"text":153164},{"id":65908,"depth":97,"text":65909},{"id":65685,"depth":97,"text":66467,"children":154026},[154027],{"id":153515,"depth":122,"text":153516},{"id":153623,"depth":97,"text":153624},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111,"children":154030},[154031],{"id":60992,"depth":122,"text":60993},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":154033},[154034,154036,154037,154038,154039],{"id":153942,"depth":122,"text":154035},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153950,"depth":122,"text":153951},{"id":149272,"depth":122,"text":149273},{"id":153964,"depth":122,"text":153965},{"id":153976,"depth":122,"text":154040},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152628,"description":154042},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154049,"title":154050,"body":154051,"description":155446,"extension":2249,"meta":155447,"navigation":125,"path":153188,"seo":155448,"stem":155449,"__hash__":155450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154052,"toc":155428},[154053,154056,154059,154062,154076,154078,154081,154175,154185,154191,154195,154198,154201,154203,154221,154223,154294,154296,154313,154317,154321,154324,154341,154344,154359,154361,154452,154455,154459,154462,154479,154481,154576,154579,154582,154586,154589,154683,154685,154704,154707,154711,154714,154716,154771,154773,154808,154811,154825,154833,154926,154935,154939,154942,154949,154952,154999,155001,155009,155012,155063,155065,155082,155087,155091,155094,155097,155099,155150,155153,155208,155211,155214,155216,155219,155239,155241,155314,155317,155330,155332,155336,155341,155345,155350,155367,155371,155374,155391,155395,155398,155400,155425],[10,154054,154050],{"id":154055},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154057,154058],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154060,154061],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[29,154063,154064,154067,154070,154073],{},[32,154065,154066],{},"positive indexes",[32,154068,154069],{},"negative indexes",[32,154071,154072],{},"common indexing mistakes",[32,154074,154075],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[47,154077,3890],{"id":3889},[20,154079,154080],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[52,154082,154084],{"className":54,"code":154083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154085,154086,154118,154122,154139,154156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154087,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154089,13356],{"class":67},[61,154091,72],{"class":71},[61,154093,1058],{"class":75},[61,154095,504],{"class":503},[61,154097,13373],{"class":507},[61,154099,504],{"class":503},[61,154101,83],{"class":75},[61,154103,515],{"class":503},[61,154105,17735],{"class":507},[61,154107,504],{"class":503},[61,154109,83],{"class":75},[61,154111,515],{"class":503},[61,154113,13390],{"class":507},[61,154115,504],{"class":503},[61,154117,153],{"class":75},[61,154119,154120],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154121,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154123,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154125,160],{"class":159},[61,154127,147],{"class":75},[61,154129,17782],{"class":143},[61,154131,4182],{"class":75},[61,154133,2405],{"class":79},[61,154135,20725],{"class":75},[61,154137,154138],{"class":173},"   # red\n",[61,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154142,160],{"class":159},[61,154144,147],{"class":75},[61,154146,17782],{"class":143},[61,154148,4182],{"class":75},[61,154150,80],{"class":79},[61,154152,20725],{"class":75},[61,154154,154155],{"class":173},"   # green\n",[61,154157,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154159,160],{"class":159},[61,154161,147],{"class":75},[61,154163,17782],{"class":143},[61,154165,4182],{"class":75},[61,154167,2308],{"class":71},[61,154169,80],{"class":79},[61,154171,20725],{"class":75},[61,154173,154174],{"class":173},"  # blue\n",[29,154176,154177,154182],{},[32,154178,132513,154179,154181],{},[15,154180,2405],{}," is the first item.",[32,154183,154184],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154186,154187,154188,140],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[214,154189,154190],{"href":148092},"how to create a tuple in Python",[47,154192,154194],{"id":154193},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154196,154197],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154199,154200],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154202,11739],{},[29,154204,154205,154208,154215,154218],{},[32,154206,154207],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[32,154209,154210,154211,19242,154213],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154212,2405],{},[15,154214,80],{},[32,154216,154217],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[32,154219,154220],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154222,368],{},[52,154224,154226],{"className":54,"code":154225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154227,154228,154248,154252,154266,154280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154229,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154231,900],{"class":67},[61,154233,72],{"class":71},[61,154235,1058],{"class":75},[61,154237,2613],{"class":79},[61,154239,83],{"class":75},[61,154241,8072],{"class":79},[61,154243,83],{"class":75},[61,154245,8077],{"class":79},[61,154247,153],{"class":75},[61,154249,154250],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154251,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154253,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154255,160],{"class":159},[61,154257,147],{"class":75},[61,154259,3929],{"class":143},[61,154261,4182],{"class":75},[61,154263,2405],{"class":79},[61,154265,1887],{"class":75},[61,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154269,160],{"class":159},[61,154271,147],{"class":75},[61,154273,3929],{"class":143},[61,154275,4182],{"class":75},[61,154277,80],{"class":79},[61,154279,1887],{"class":75},[61,154281,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154283,160],{"class":159},[61,154285,147],{"class":75},[61,154287,3929],{"class":143},[61,154289,4182],{"class":75},[61,154291,301],{"class":79},[61,154293,1887],{"class":75},[20,154295,1598],{},[52,154297,154299],{"className":54,"code":154298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154300,154301,154305,154309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154302,154303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154304,2659],{"class":79},[61,154306,154307],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154308,71500],{"class":79},[61,154310,154311],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154312,70117],{"class":79},[20,154314,59675,154315,140],{},[214,154316,148089],{"href":148088},[47,154318,154320],{"id":154319},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154322,154323],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[29,154325,154326,154331,154336],{},[32,154327,154328,154330],{},[15,154329,2405],{}," = first item",[32,154332,154333,154335],{},[15,154334,80],{}," = second item",[32,154337,154338,154340],{},[15,154339,301],{}," = third item",[20,154342,154343],{},"Pattern:",[52,154345,154347],{"className":54,"code":154346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154348,154349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154350,154351,154353,154355,154357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154352,152844],{"class":67},[61,154354,4182],{"class":75},[61,154356,36122],{"class":67},[61,154358,943],{"class":75},[20,154360,368],{},[52,154362,154364],{"className":54,"code":154363,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154365,154366,154398,154402,154419,154435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154367,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154369,36515],{"class":67},[61,154371,72],{"class":71},[61,154373,1058],{"class":75},[61,154375,504],{"class":503},[61,154377,508],{"class":507},[61,154379,504],{"class":503},[61,154381,83],{"class":75},[61,154383,515],{"class":503},[61,154385,518],{"class":507},[61,154387,504],{"class":503},[61,154389,83],{"class":75},[61,154391,515],{"class":503},[61,154393,4377],{"class":507},[61,154395,504],{"class":503},[61,154397,153],{"class":75},[61,154399,154400],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154401,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154403,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154405,160],{"class":159},[61,154407,147],{"class":75},[61,154409,36567],{"class":143},[61,154411,4182],{"class":75},[61,154413,2405],{"class":79},[61,154415,20725],{"class":75},[61,154417,154418],{"class":173},"  # apple\n",[61,154420,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154422,160],{"class":159},[61,154424,147],{"class":75},[61,154426,36567],{"class":143},[61,154428,4182],{"class":75},[61,154430,80],{"class":79},[61,154432,20725],{"class":75},[61,154434,51768],{"class":173},[61,154436,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154438,160],{"class":159},[61,154440,147],{"class":75},[61,154442,36567],{"class":143},[61,154444,4182],{"class":75},[61,154446,301],{"class":79},[61,154448,20725],{"class":75},[61,154450,154451],{"class":173},"  # cherry\n",[20,154453,154454],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[47,154456,154458],{"id":154457},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154460,154461],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[29,154463,154464,154469,154474],{},[32,154465,154466,154468],{},[15,154467,66132],{}," = last item",[32,154470,154471,154473],{},[15,154472,95685],{}," = second-to-last item",[32,154475,154476,154478],{},[15,154477,47951],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154480,368],{},[52,154482,154484],{"className":54,"code":154483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154485,154486,154518,154522,154540,154558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154487,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154489,36515],{"class":67},[61,154491,72],{"class":71},[61,154493,1058],{"class":75},[61,154495,504],{"class":503},[61,154497,508],{"class":507},[61,154499,504],{"class":503},[61,154501,83],{"class":75},[61,154503,515],{"class":503},[61,154505,518],{"class":507},[61,154507,504],{"class":503},[61,154509,83],{"class":75},[61,154511,515],{"class":503},[61,154513,4377],{"class":507},[61,154515,504],{"class":503},[61,154517,153],{"class":75},[61,154519,154520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154521,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154523,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154525,160],{"class":159},[61,154527,147],{"class":75},[61,154529,36567],{"class":143},[61,154531,4182],{"class":75},[61,154533,2308],{"class":71},[61,154535,80],{"class":79},[61,154537,20725],{"class":75},[61,154539,154451],{"class":173},[61,154541,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154543,160],{"class":159},[61,154545,147],{"class":75},[61,154547,36567],{"class":143},[61,154549,4182],{"class":75},[61,154551,2308],{"class":71},[61,154553,301],{"class":79},[61,154555,20725],{"class":75},[61,154557,51768],{"class":173},[61,154559,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154561,160],{"class":159},[61,154563,147],{"class":75},[61,154565,36567],{"class":143},[61,154567,4182],{"class":75},[61,154569,2308],{"class":71},[61,154571,107],{"class":79},[61,154573,20725],{"class":75},[61,154575,154418],{"class":173},[20,154577,154578],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154580,154581],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[47,154583,154585],{"id":154584},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154587,154588],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[52,154590,154592],{"className":54,"code":154591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154593,154594,154626,154630,154647,154664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154595,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154597,5274],{"class":67},[61,154599,72],{"class":71},[61,154601,1058],{"class":75},[61,154603,504],{"class":503},[61,154605,13161],{"class":507},[61,154607,504],{"class":503},[61,154609,83],{"class":75},[61,154611,515],{"class":503},[61,154613,36217],{"class":507},[61,154615,504],{"class":503},[61,154617,83],{"class":75},[61,154619,515],{"class":503},[61,154621,36226],{"class":507},[61,154623,504],{"class":503},[61,154625,153],{"class":75},[61,154627,154628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154629,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154631,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154633,160],{"class":159},[61,154635,147],{"class":75},[61,154637,5318],{"class":143},[61,154639,4182],{"class":75},[61,154641,2405],{"class":79},[61,154643,20725],{"class":75},[61,154645,154646],{"class":173},"   # first item\n",[61,154648,154649,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154650,160],{"class":159},[61,154652,147],{"class":75},[61,154654,5318],{"class":143},[61,154656,4182],{"class":75},[61,154658,80],{"class":79},[61,154660,20725],{"class":75},[61,154662,154663],{"class":173},"   # middle item\n",[61,154665,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154667,160],{"class":159},[61,154669,147],{"class":75},[61,154671,5318],{"class":143},[61,154673,4182],{"class":75},[61,154675,2308],{"class":71},[61,154677,80],{"class":79},[61,154679,20725],{"class":75},[61,154681,154682],{"class":173},"  # last item\n",[20,154684,1598],{},[52,154686,154688],{"className":54,"code":154687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154689,154690,154694,154699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154691,154692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154693,50321],{"class":67},[61,154695,154696],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154697,154698],{"class":67},"Ben\n",[61,154700,154701],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154702,154703],{"class":67},"Cara\n",[20,154705,154706],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[47,154708,154710],{"id":154709},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154712,154713],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154715,368],{},[52,154717,154719],{"className":54,"code":154718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154720,154721,154753,154757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154724,1028],{"class":67},[61,154726,72],{"class":71},[61,154728,1058],{"class":75},[61,154730,504],{"class":503},[61,154732,214],{"class":507},[61,154734,504],{"class":503},[61,154736,83],{"class":75},[61,154738,515],{"class":503},[61,154740,329],{"class":507},[61,154742,504],{"class":503},[61,154744,83],{"class":75},[61,154746,515],{"class":503},[61,154748,1071],{"class":507},[61,154750,504],{"class":503},[61,154752,153],{"class":75},[61,154754,154755],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154756,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154758,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154760,160],{"class":159},[61,154762,147],{"class":75},[61,154764,36419],{"class":143},[61,154766,4182],{"class":75},[61,154768,1013],{"class":79},[61,154770,1887],{"class":75},[20,154772,1598],{},[52,154774,154776],{"className":54,"code":154775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154777,154778,154790,154795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154779,154780,154783,154785,154788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154781,154782],{"class":143},"Traceback ",[61,154784,147],{"class":75},[61,154786,154787],{"class":143},"most recent call last",[61,154789,8626],{"class":75},[61,154791,154792],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154793,154794],{"class":34728},"  ...\n",[61,154796,154797,154799,154801,154803,154806],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154798,71007],{"class":2071},[61,154800,192],{"class":75},[61,154802,149455],{"class":2071},[61,154804,154805],{"class":67}," index out of ",[61,154807,71199],{"class":159},[20,154809,154810],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[29,154812,154813,154817,154821],{},[32,154814,154815],{},[15,154816,2405],{},[32,154818,154819],{},[15,154820,80],{},[32,154822,154823],{},[15,154824,301],{},[20,154826,154827,154828,140],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[214,154829,154830,154832],{"href":149327},[15,154831,42639],{}," on a tuple",[52,154834,154836],{"className":54,"code":154835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154837,154838,154870,154874,154890,154894,154912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154839,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154841,1028],{"class":67},[61,154843,72],{"class":71},[61,154845,1058],{"class":75},[61,154847,504],{"class":503},[61,154849,214],{"class":507},[61,154851,504],{"class":503},[61,154853,83],{"class":75},[61,154855,515],{"class":503},[61,154857,329],{"class":507},[61,154859,504],{"class":503},[61,154861,83],{"class":75},[61,154863,515],{"class":503},[61,154865,1071],{"class":507},[61,154867,504],{"class":503},[61,154869,153],{"class":75},[61,154871,154872],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154873,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154875,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154877,160],{"class":159},[61,154879,147],{"class":75},[61,154881,11442],{"class":159},[61,154883,147],{"class":75},[61,154885,36419],{"class":143},[61,154887,5641],{"class":75},[61,154889,51052],{"class":173},[61,154891,154892],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,154893,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154895,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,154897,7277],{"class":4158},[61,154899,38663],{"class":159},[61,154901,147],{"class":75},[61,154903,36419],{"class":143},[61,154905,442],{"class":75},[61,154907,38673],{"class":71},[61,154909,86],{"class":79},[61,154911,6673],{"class":75},[61,154913,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,154915,8352],{"class":159},[61,154917,147],{"class":75},[61,154919,36419],{"class":143},[61,154921,4182],{"class":75},[61,154923,301],{"class":79},[61,154925,1887],{"class":75},[20,154927,154928,154929,140],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[214,154930,25955,154932],{"href":154931},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154933,154934],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[47,154936,154938],{"id":154937},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154940,154941],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,154943,154944,154946],{},[32,154945,77151],{},[32,154947,154948],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154950,154951],{},"Indexing example:",[52,154953,154955],{"className":54,"code":154954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154956,154957,154981,154985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154958,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154960,900],{"class":67},[61,154962,72],{"class":71},[61,154964,1058],{"class":75},[61,154966,2613],{"class":79},[61,154968,83],{"class":75},[61,154970,8072],{"class":79},[61,154972,83],{"class":75},[61,154974,8077],{"class":79},[61,154976,83],{"class":75},[61,154978,51125],{"class":79},[61,154980,153],{"class":75},[61,154982,154983],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154984,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,154986,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,154988,160],{"class":159},[61,154990,147],{"class":75},[61,154992,3929],{"class":143},[61,154994,4182],{"class":75},[61,154996,80],{"class":79},[61,154998,1887],{"class":75},[20,155000,1598],{},[52,155002,155003],{"className":54,"code":71500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155004,155005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155006,155007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155008,71500],{"class":79},[20,155010,155011],{},"Slicing example:",[52,155013,155015],{"className":54,"code":155014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155016,155017,155041,155045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155018,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155020,900],{"class":67},[61,155022,72],{"class":71},[61,155024,1058],{"class":75},[61,155026,2613],{"class":79},[61,155028,83],{"class":75},[61,155030,8072],{"class":79},[61,155032,83],{"class":75},[61,155034,8077],{"class":79},[61,155036,83],{"class":75},[61,155038,51125],{"class":79},[61,155040,153],{"class":75},[61,155042,155043],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155044,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,155046,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,155048,160],{"class":159},[61,155050,147],{"class":75},[61,155052,3929],{"class":143},[61,155054,4182],{"class":75},[61,155056,80],{"class":79},[61,155058,192],{"class":75},[61,155060,107],{"class":79},[61,155062,1887],{"class":75},[20,155064,1598],{},[52,155066,155068],{"className":54,"code":155067,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155069,155070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155071,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155073,147],{"class":75},[61,155075,16033],{"class":79},[61,155077,83],{"class":75},[61,155079,8077],{"class":79},[61,155081,153],{"class":75},[20,155083,155084,155085,140],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[214,155086,151006],{"href":151005},[47,155088,155090],{"id":155089},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155092,155093],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155095,155096],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155098,6967],{},[52,155100,155102],{"className":54,"code":155101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155103,155104,155136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155107,13356],{"class":67},[61,155109,72],{"class":71},[61,155111,1058],{"class":75},[61,155113,504],{"class":503},[61,155115,13373],{"class":507},[61,155117,504],{"class":503},[61,155119,83],{"class":75},[61,155121,515],{"class":503},[61,155123,17735],{"class":507},[61,155125,504],{"class":503},[61,155127,83],{"class":75},[61,155129,515],{"class":503},[61,155131,13390],{"class":507},[61,155133,504],{"class":503},[61,155135,153],{"class":75},[61,155137,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155139,160],{"class":159},[61,155141,147],{"class":75},[61,155143,17782],{"class":143},[61,155145,4182],{"class":75},[61,155147,80],{"class":79},[61,155149,1887],{"class":75},[20,155151,155152],{},"But this does not work:",[52,155154,155156],{"className":54,"code":155155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155157,155158,155190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155159,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155161,13356],{"class":67},[61,155163,72],{"class":71},[61,155165,1058],{"class":75},[61,155167,504],{"class":503},[61,155169,13373],{"class":507},[61,155171,504],{"class":503},[61,155173,83],{"class":75},[61,155175,515],{"class":503},[61,155177,17735],{"class":507},[61,155179,504],{"class":503},[61,155181,83],{"class":75},[61,155183,515],{"class":503},[61,155185,13390],{"class":507},[61,155187,504],{"class":503},[61,155189,153],{"class":75},[61,155191,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155193,17782],{"class":67},[61,155195,4182],{"class":75},[61,155197,80],{"class":79},[61,155199,13554],{"class":75},[61,155201,13557],{"class":71},[61,155203,515],{"class":503},[61,155205,22800],{"class":507},[61,155207,3639],{"class":503},[20,155209,155210],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155212,155213],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[47,155215,3111],{"id":3110},[20,155217,155218],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[29,155220,155221,155227,155230,155233],{},[32,155222,132817,155223,11372,155225],{},[15,155224,80],{},[15,155226,2405],{},[32,155228,155229],{},"Using an index that is too large",[32,155231,155232],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[32,155234,155235,155236],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155237,155238],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155240,2046],{},[52,155242,155244],{"className":54,"code":155243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155245,155246,155256,155270,155284,155300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155247,155248,155250,155252,155254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155249,160],{"class":159},[61,155251,147],{"class":75},[61,155253,148107],{"class":143},[61,155255,153],{"class":75},[61,155257,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155259,160],{"class":159},[61,155261,147],{"class":75},[61,155263,11442],{"class":159},[61,155265,147],{"class":75},[61,155267,148107],{"class":143},[61,155269,1761],{"class":75},[61,155271,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,155273,160],{"class":159},[61,155275,147],{"class":75},[61,155277,148107],{"class":143},[61,155279,4182],{"class":75},[61,155281,2405],{"class":79},[61,155283,1887],{"class":75},[61,155285,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,155287,160],{"class":159},[61,155289,147],{"class":75},[61,155291,148107],{"class":143},[61,155293,4182],{"class":75},[61,155295,2308],{"class":71},[61,155297,80],{"class":79},[61,155299,1887],{"class":75},[61,155301,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,155303,160],{"class":159},[61,155305,147],{"class":75},[61,155307,2072],{"class":2071},[61,155309,147],{"class":75},[61,155311,148107],{"class":143},[61,155313,1761],{"class":75},[20,155315,155316],{},"These can help you confirm:",[29,155318,155319,155322,155324,155327],{},[32,155320,155321],{},"what the tuple contains",[32,155323,61067],{},[32,155325,155326],{},"what the first and last items are",[32,155328,155329],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[47,155331,2109],{"id":2108},[887,155333,155335],{"id":155334},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155337,155338,155339,140],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155340,2405],{},[887,155342,155344],{"id":155343},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155346,1503,155347,155349],{},[15,155348,66132],{}," as the index:",[52,155351,155353],{"className":54,"code":155352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155354,155355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155356,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155358,148107],{"class":67},[61,155360,4182],{"class":75},[61,155362,2308],{"class":71},[61,155364,80],{"class":79},[61,155366,943],{"class":75},[887,155368,155370],{"id":155369},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155372,155373],{},"Python raises:",[52,155375,155377],{"className":54,"code":155376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155378,155379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155380,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155382,71007],{"class":2071},[61,155384,192],{"class":75},[61,155386,149455],{"class":2071},[61,155388,154805],{"class":67},[61,155390,71199],{"class":159},[887,155392,155394],{"id":155393},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155396,155397],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[47,155399,2172],{"id":2171},[29,155401,155402,155407,155411,155415,155421],{},[32,155403,155404],{},[214,155405,155406],{"href":148092},"How to create a tuple in Python",[32,155408,155409],{},[214,155410,151006],{"href":151005},[32,155412,155413],{},[214,155414,151011],{"href":149327},[32,155416,155417],{},[214,155418,26398,155419],{"href":154931},[15,155420,154934],{},[32,155422,155423],{},[214,155424,148089],{"href":148088},[2204,155426,155427],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":155429},[155430,155431,155432,155433,155434,155435,155436,155437,155438,155439,155445],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":154193,"depth":97,"text":154194},{"id":154319,"depth":97,"text":154320},{"id":154457,"depth":97,"text":154458},{"id":154584,"depth":97,"text":154585},{"id":154709,"depth":97,"text":154710},{"id":154937,"depth":97,"text":154938},{"id":155089,"depth":97,"text":155090},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":155440},[155441,155442,155443,155444],{"id":155334,"depth":122,"text":155335},{"id":155343,"depth":122,"text":155344},{"id":155369,"depth":122,"text":155370},{"id":155393,"depth":122,"text":155394},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154050,"description":155446},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155452,"title":155453,"body":155454,"description":157343,"extension":2249,"meta":157344,"navigation":125,"path":157345,"seo":157346,"stem":157347,"__hash__":157348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155455,"toc":157300},[155456,155462,155467,155518,155522,155530,155536,155538,155554,155556,155559,155574,155576,155589,155591,155648,155652,155660,155667,155673,155679,155683,155734,155738,155746,155750,155779,155783,155791,155795,155828,155832,155840,155844,155847,155898,155902,155910,155912,155929,155933,155937,155996,156000,156008,156011,156038,156042,156050,156054,156060,156135,156139,156176,156184,156188,156251,156255,156263,156268,156272,156278,156321,156325,156333,156339,156342,156389,156393,156401,156410,156416,156471,156475,156483,156486,156490,156492,156523,156527,156546,156549,156594,156598,156621,156627,156632,156634,156681,156686,156689,156737,156741,156749,156753,156758,156762,156812,156816,156831,156835,156893,156897,156912,156916,156987,156991,157000,157004,157083,157087,157109,157117,157119,157122,157147,157149,157202,157204,157221,157223,157227,157233,157238,157243,157247,157252,157256,157261,157267,157270,157272,157297],[10,155457,155459,155460,442],{"id":155458},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155461,11442],{},[20,155463,1503,155464,155466],{},[15,155465,42639],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[52,155468,155470],{"className":54,"code":155469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155471,155472,155504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155475,13356],{"class":67},[61,155477,72],{"class":71},[61,155479,1058],{"class":75},[61,155481,504],{"class":503},[61,155483,13373],{"class":507},[61,155485,504],{"class":503},[61,155487,83],{"class":75},[61,155489,515],{"class":503},[61,155491,17735],{"class":507},[61,155493,504],{"class":503},[61,155495,83],{"class":75},[61,155497,515],{"class":503},[61,155499,13390],{"class":507},[61,155501,504],{"class":503},[61,155503,153],{"class":75},[61,155505,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155507,160],{"class":159},[61,155509,147],{"class":75},[61,155511,11442],{"class":159},[61,155513,147],{"class":75},[61,155515,17782],{"class":143},[61,155517,1761],{"class":75},[20,155519,155520],{},[39,155521,1598],{},[52,155523,155524],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155525,155526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155527,155528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155529,46897],{"class":79},[20,155531,1503,155532,155535],{},[15,155533,155534],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[47,155537,15443],{"id":15442},[29,155539,155540,155545,155549,155552],{},[32,155541,4479,155542,155544],{},[15,155543,42639],{}," works with tuples",[32,155546,68535,155547,11985],{},[15,155548,42639],{},[32,155550,155551],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[32,155553,1520],{},[47,155555,221],{"id":220},[20,155557,155558],{},"Use this pattern:",[52,155560,155562],{"className":54,"code":155561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155563,155564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155565,155566,155568,155570,155572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155567,11442],{"class":159},[61,155569,147],{"class":75},[61,155571,148107],{"class":143},[61,155573,153],{"class":75},[20,155575,11739],{},[29,155577,155578,155581,155584],{},[32,155579,155580],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[32,155582,155583],{},"The result is an integer",[32,155585,155586,155588],{},[15,155587,42639],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155590,368],{},[52,155592,155594],{"className":54,"code":155593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155595,155596,155620,155634,155638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155597,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155599,900],{"class":67},[61,155601,72],{"class":71},[61,155603,1058],{"class":75},[61,155605,2613],{"class":79},[61,155607,83],{"class":75},[61,155609,8072],{"class":79},[61,155611,83],{"class":75},[61,155613,8077],{"class":79},[61,155615,83],{"class":75},[61,155617,51125],{"class":79},[61,155619,153],{"class":75},[61,155621,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155623,41520],{"class":67},[61,155625,72],{"class":71},[61,155627,38663],{"class":159},[61,155629,147],{"class":75},[61,155631,3929],{"class":143},[61,155633,153],{"class":75},[61,155635,155636],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,155637,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,155639,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,155641,160],{"class":159},[61,155643,147],{"class":75},[61,155645,41538],{"class":143},[61,155647,153],{"class":75},[20,155649,155650],{},[39,155651,1598],{},[52,155653,155654],{"className":54,"code":48931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155655,155656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155657,155658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155659,48931],{"class":79},[20,155661,155662,155663,140],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[214,155664,13,155665,3790],{"href":42636},[15,155666,42639],{},[47,155668,184,155670,155672],{"id":155669},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155671,42639],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155674,155675,155676,155678],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155677,42639],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[887,155680,155682],{"id":155681},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[52,155684,155686],{"className":54,"code":155685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155687,155688,155720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155689,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155691,36515],{"class":67},[61,155693,72],{"class":71},[61,155695,1058],{"class":75},[61,155697,504],{"class":503},[61,155699,508],{"class":507},[61,155701,504],{"class":503},[61,155703,83],{"class":75},[61,155705,515],{"class":503},[61,155707,518],{"class":507},[61,155709,504],{"class":503},[61,155711,83],{"class":75},[61,155713,515],{"class":503},[61,155715,527],{"class":507},[61,155717,504],{"class":503},[61,155719,153],{"class":75},[61,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155723,160],{"class":159},[61,155725,147],{"class":75},[61,155727,11442],{"class":159},[61,155729,147],{"class":75},[61,155731,36567],{"class":143},[61,155733,1761],{"class":75},[20,155735,155736],{},[39,155737,1598],{},[52,155739,155740],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155741,155742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155743,155744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155745,46897],{"class":79},[887,155747,155749],{"id":155748},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[52,155751,155753],{"className":54,"code":155752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155754,155755,155764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155756,155757,155760,155762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155758,155759],{"class":67},"empty_tuple ",[61,155761,72],{"class":71},[61,155763,149431],{"class":75},[61,155765,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155777],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155767,160],{"class":159},[61,155769,147],{"class":75},[61,155771,11442],{"class":159},[61,155773,147],{"class":75},[61,155775,155776],{"class":143},"empty_tuple",[61,155778,1761],{"class":75},[20,155780,155781],{},[39,155782,1598],{},[52,155784,155785],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155786,155787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155788,155789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155790,47532],{"class":79},[887,155792,155794],{"id":155793},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[52,155796,155798],{"className":54,"code":155797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155799,155800,155813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155801,155802,155805,155807,155809,155811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155803,155804],{"class":67},"single_value ",[61,155806,72],{"class":71},[61,155808,1058],{"class":75},[61,155810,1013],{"class":79},[61,155812,149445],{"class":75},[61,155814,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155826],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155816,160],{"class":159},[61,155818,147],{"class":75},[61,155820,11442],{"class":159},[61,155822,147],{"class":75},[61,155824,155825],{"class":143},"single_value",[61,155827,1761],{"class":75},[20,155829,155830],{},[39,155831,1598],{},[52,155833,155834],{"className":54,"code":47197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155835,155836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155837,155838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155839,47197],{"class":79},[887,155841,155843],{"id":155842},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155845,155846],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[52,155848,155850],{"className":54,"code":155849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155851,155852,155884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155853,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155855,9449],{"class":67},[61,155857,72],{"class":71},[61,155859,1058],{"class":75},[61,155861,80],{"class":79},[61,155863,83],{"class":75},[61,155865,1058],{"class":75},[61,155867,301],{"class":79},[61,155869,83],{"class":75},[61,155871,91],{"class":79},[61,155873,9517],{"class":75},[61,155875,926],{"class":75},[61,155877,788],{"class":79},[61,155879,83],{"class":75},[61,155881,117],{"class":79},[61,155883,1887],{"class":75},[61,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155887,160],{"class":159},[61,155889,147],{"class":75},[61,155891,11442],{"class":159},[61,155893,147],{"class":75},[61,155895,9488],{"class":143},[61,155897,1761],{"class":75},[20,155899,155900],{},[39,155901,1598],{},[52,155903,155904],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155905,155906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155907,155908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155909,46897],{"class":79},[20,155911,20236],{},[29,155913,155914,155919,155924],{},[32,155915,155916,155918],{},[15,155917,80],{}," is one item",[32,155920,155921,155918],{},[15,155922,155923],{},"(2, 3)",[32,155925,155926,155918],{},[15,155927,155928],{},"[4, 5]",[47,155930,155932],{"id":155931},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[887,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[52,155938,155940],{"className":54,"code":155939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155941,155942,155982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155943,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155945,13356],{"class":67},[61,155947,72],{"class":71},[61,155949,1058],{"class":75},[61,155951,504],{"class":503},[61,155953,13373],{"class":507},[61,155955,504],{"class":503},[61,155957,83],{"class":75},[61,155959,515],{"class":503},[61,155961,17735],{"class":507},[61,155963,504],{"class":503},[61,155965,83],{"class":75},[61,155967,515],{"class":503},[61,155969,13390],{"class":507},[61,155971,504],{"class":503},[61,155973,83],{"class":75},[61,155975,515],{"class":503},[61,155977,22800],{"class":507},[61,155979,504],{"class":503},[61,155981,153],{"class":75},[61,155983,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155985,160],{"class":159},[61,155987,147],{"class":75},[61,155989,11442],{"class":159},[61,155991,147],{"class":75},[61,155993,17782],{"class":143},[61,155995,1761],{"class":75},[20,155997,155998],{},[39,155999,1598],{},[52,156001,156002],{"className":54,"code":48931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156003,156004],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156005,156006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156007,48931],{"class":79},[887,156009,155749],{"id":156010},"empty-tuple-1",[52,156012,156014],{"className":54,"code":156013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156015,156016,156024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156017,156018,156020,156022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156019,8061],{"class":67},[61,156021,72],{"class":71},[61,156023,149431],{"class":75},[61,156025,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156027,160],{"class":159},[61,156029,147],{"class":75},[61,156031,11442],{"class":159},[61,156033,147],{"class":75},[61,156035,8092],{"class":143},[61,156037,1761],{"class":75},[20,156039,156040],{},[39,156041,1598],{},[52,156043,156044],{"className":54,"code":47532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156045,156046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156047,156048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156049,47532],{"class":79},[887,156051,156053],{"id":156052},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156055,156056,156057,156059],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[39,156058,4909],{}," always a tuple.",[52,156061,156063],{"className":54,"code":156062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156064,156065,156077,156089,156093,156107,156121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156068,37],{"class":67},[61,156070,72],{"class":71},[61,156072,1058],{"class":75},[61,156074,1013],{"class":79},[61,156076,153],{"class":75},[61,156078,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156080,294],{"class":67},[61,156082,72],{"class":71},[61,156084,1058],{"class":75},[61,156086,1013],{"class":79},[61,156088,149445],{"class":75},[61,156090,156091],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156092,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,156094,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,156096,160],{"class":159},[61,156098,147],{"class":75},[61,156100,2072],{"class":2071},[61,156102,147],{"class":75},[61,156104,214],{"class":143},[61,156106,1761],{"class":75},[61,156108,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,156110,160],{"class":159},[61,156112,147],{"class":75},[61,156114,2072],{"class":2071},[61,156116,147],{"class":75},[61,156118,329],{"class":143},[61,156120,1761],{"class":75},[61,156122,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,156124,160],{"class":159},[61,156126,147],{"class":75},[61,156128,11442],{"class":159},[61,156130,147],{"class":75},[61,156132,329],{"class":143},[61,156134,1761],{"class":75},[20,156136,156137],{},[39,156138,1598],{},[52,156140,156142],{"className":54,"code":156141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156143,156144,156158,156172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156145,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156147,3571],{"class":71},[61,156149,3574],{"class":2350},[61,156151,639],{"class":503},[61,156153,2473],{"class":507},[61,156155,630],{"class":503},[61,156157,3583],{"class":71},[61,156159,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156161,3571],{"class":71},[61,156163,3574],{"class":2350},[61,156165,639],{"class":503},[61,156167,49234],{"class":507},[61,156169,630],{"class":503},[61,156171,3583],{"class":71},[61,156173,156174],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156175,47197],{"class":79},[20,156177,156178,156179,700,156182,140],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[214,156180,156181],{"href":148092},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[214,156183,149393],{"href":149392},[887,156185,156187],{"id":156186},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[52,156189,156191],{"className":54,"code":156190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156192,156193,156237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156194,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156196,59755],{"class":67},[61,156198,72],{"class":71},[61,156200,1058],{"class":75},[61,156202,504],{"class":503},[61,156204,508],{"class":507},[61,156206,504],{"class":503},[61,156208,83],{"class":75},[61,156210,926],{"class":75},[61,156212,80],{"class":79},[61,156214,83],{"class":75},[61,156216,86],{"class":79},[61,156218,18342],{"class":75},[61,156220,1058],{"class":75},[61,156222,504],{"class":503},[61,156224,2458],{"class":507},[61,156226,504],{"class":503},[61,156228,83],{"class":75},[61,156230,515],{"class":503},[61,156232,12025],{"class":507},[61,156234,504],{"class":503},[61,156236,1761],{"class":75},[61,156238,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156240,160],{"class":159},[61,156242,147],{"class":75},[61,156244,11442],{"class":159},[61,156246,147],{"class":75},[61,156248,59808],{"class":143},[61,156250,1761],{"class":75},[20,156252,156253],{},[39,156254,1598],{},[52,156256,156257],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156258,156259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156260,156261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156262,46897],{"class":79},[20,156264,156265,156267],{},[15,156266,42639],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[47,156269,156271],{"id":156270},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[887,156273,156275,156277],{"id":156274},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156276,42639],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[52,156279,156281],{"className":54,"code":156280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156282,156283,156307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156284,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156286,1778],{"class":67},[61,156288,72],{"class":71},[61,156290,1058],{"class":75},[61,156292,504],{"class":503},[61,156294,63875],{"class":507},[61,156296,504],{"class":503},[61,156298,83],{"class":75},[61,156300,515],{"class":503},[61,156302,56],{"class":507},[61,156304,504],{"class":503},[61,156306,153],{"class":75},[61,156308,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156310,160],{"class":159},[61,156312,147],{"class":75},[61,156314,11442],{"class":159},[61,156316,147],{"class":75},[61,156318,4394],{"class":143},[61,156320,1761],{"class":75},[20,156322,156323],{},[39,156324,1598],{},[52,156326,156327],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156328,156329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156330,156331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156332,17336],{"class":79},[20,156334,156335,156336,156338],{},"This result is ",[15,156337,301],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156340,156341],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[52,156343,156345],{"className":54,"code":156344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156346,156347,156371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156348,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156350,1778],{"class":67},[61,156352,72],{"class":71},[61,156354,1058],{"class":75},[61,156356,504],{"class":503},[61,156358,63875],{"class":507},[61,156360,504],{"class":503},[61,156362,83],{"class":75},[61,156364,515],{"class":503},[61,156366,56],{"class":507},[61,156368,504],{"class":503},[61,156370,153],{"class":75},[61,156372,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156374,160],{"class":159},[61,156376,147],{"class":75},[61,156378,11442],{"class":159},[61,156380,147],{"class":75},[61,156382,4394],{"class":143},[61,156384,4182],{"class":75},[61,156386,2405],{"class":79},[61,156388,3279],{"class":75},[20,156390,156391],{},[39,156392,1598],{},[52,156394,156395],{"className":54,"code":17336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156396,156397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156398,156399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156400,17336],{"class":79},[20,156402,21050,156403,156406,156407,140],{},[15,156404,156405],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156408,156409],{},"\"hi\"",[887,156411,156413,156415],{"id":156412},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156414,42639],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[52,156417,156419],{"className":54,"code":156418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156420,156421,156457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156422,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156424,4103],{"class":67},[61,156426,72],{"class":71},[61,156428,10276],{"class":75},[61,156430,80],{"class":79},[61,156432,83],{"class":75},[61,156434,86],{"class":79},[61,156436,9517],{"class":75},[61,156438,1058],{"class":75},[61,156440,107],{"class":79},[61,156442,83],{"class":75},[61,156444,112],{"class":79},[61,156446,9517],{"class":75},[61,156448,1058],{"class":75},[61,156450,1013],{"class":79},[61,156452,83],{"class":75},[61,156454,37920],{"class":79},[61,156456,1761],{"class":75},[61,156458,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156460,160],{"class":159},[61,156462,147],{"class":75},[61,156464,11442],{"class":159},[61,156466,147],{"class":75},[61,156468,5638],{"class":143},[61,156470,1761],{"class":75},[20,156472,156473],{},[39,156474,1598],{},[52,156476,156477],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156478,156479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156480,156481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156482,46897],{"class":79},[20,156484,156485],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[887,156487,156489],{"id":156488},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156491,25966],{},[52,156493,156495],{"className":54,"code":156494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156496,156497,156509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156498,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156500,2730],{"class":67},[61,156502,72],{"class":71},[61,156504,1058],{"class":75},[61,156506,2613],{"class":79},[61,156508,153],{"class":75},[61,156510,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156512,160],{"class":159},[61,156514,147],{"class":75},[61,156516,2072],{"class":2071},[61,156518,147],{"class":75},[61,156520,2755],{"class":143},[61,156522,1761],{"class":75},[20,156524,156525],{},[39,156526,1598],{},[52,156528,156530],{"className":54,"code":156529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156531,156532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156533,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156535,3571],{"class":71},[61,156537,3574],{"class":2350},[61,156539,639],{"class":503},[61,156541,2473],{"class":507},[61,156543,630],{"class":503},[61,156545,3583],{"class":71},[20,156547,156548],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[52,156550,156552],{"className":54,"code":156551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156553,156554,156566,156580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156555,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156557,2730],{"class":67},[61,156559,72],{"class":71},[61,156561,1058],{"class":75},[61,156563,2613],{"class":79},[61,156565,149445],{"class":75},[61,156567,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156569,160],{"class":159},[61,156571,147],{"class":75},[61,156573,2072],{"class":2071},[61,156575,147],{"class":75},[61,156577,2755],{"class":143},[61,156579,1761],{"class":75},[61,156581,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156583,160],{"class":159},[61,156585,147],{"class":75},[61,156587,11442],{"class":159},[61,156589,147],{"class":75},[61,156591,2755],{"class":143},[61,156593,1761],{"class":75},[20,156595,156596],{},[39,156597,1598],{},[52,156599,156601],{"className":54,"code":156600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156602,156603,156617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156604,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156606,3571],{"class":71},[61,156608,3574],{"class":2350},[61,156610,639],{"class":503},[61,156612,49234],{"class":507},[61,156614,630],{"class":503},[61,156616,3583],{"class":71},[61,156618,156619],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156620,47197],{"class":79},[887,156622,156624,156626],{"id":156623},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156625,11442],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156628,44708,156629,156631],{},[15,156630,11442],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156633,44739],{},[52,156635,156637],{"className":54,"code":156636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156638,156639,156647,156667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156640,156641,156643,156645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156642,11442],{"class":159},[61,156644,13557],{"class":71},[61,156646,2867],{"class":79},[61,156648,156649,156651,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156650,900],{"class":67},[61,156652,72],{"class":71},[61,156654,1058],{"class":75},[61,156656,80],{"class":79},[61,156658,83],{"class":75},[61,156660,86],{"class":79},[61,156662,83],{"class":75},[61,156664,91],{"class":79},[61,156666,153],{"class":75},[61,156668,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156670,160],{"class":159},[61,156672,147],{"class":75},[61,156674,11442],{"class":159},[61,156676,147],{"class":75},[61,156678,3929],{"class":143},[61,156680,1761],{"class":75},[20,156682,39931,156683,156685],{},[15,156684,11442],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156687,156688],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[52,156690,156692],{"className":54,"code":156691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156693,156694,156703,156723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156695,156696,156699,156701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156697,156698],{"class":67},"length_value ",[61,156700,72],{"class":71},[61,156702,2867],{"class":79},[61,156704,156705,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719,156721],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156706,900],{"class":67},[61,156708,72],{"class":71},[61,156710,1058],{"class":75},[61,156712,80],{"class":79},[61,156714,83],{"class":75},[61,156716,86],{"class":79},[61,156718,83],{"class":75},[61,156720,91],{"class":79},[61,156722,153],{"class":75},[61,156724,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156726,160],{"class":159},[61,156728,147],{"class":75},[61,156730,11442],{"class":159},[61,156732,147],{"class":75},[61,156734,3929],{"class":143},[61,156736,1761],{"class":75},[20,156738,156739],{},[39,156740,1598],{},[52,156742,156743],{"className":54,"code":46897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156744,156745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156746,156747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156748,46897],{"class":79},[47,156750,156752],{"id":156751},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156754,156755,156757],{},[15,156756,42639],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[887,156759,156761],{"id":156760},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[52,156763,156765],{"className":54,"code":156764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156766,156767,156775,156779,156797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156768,156769,156771,156773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156770,8061],{"class":67},[61,156772,72],{"class":71},[61,156774,149431],{"class":75},[61,156776,156777],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156778,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,156780,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156782,7277],{"class":4158},[61,156784,38663],{"class":159},[61,156786,147],{"class":75},[61,156788,8092],{"class":143},[61,156790,442],{"class":75},[61,156792,6688],{"class":71},[61,156794,4114],{"class":79},[61,156796,6673],{"class":75},[61,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805,156808,156810],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,156800,8352],{"class":159},[61,156802,147],{"class":75},[61,156804,504],{"class":503},[61,156806,156807],{"class":507},"The tuple is empty",[61,156809,504],{"class":503},[61,156811,153],{"class":75},[20,156813,156814],{},[39,156815,1598],{},[52,156817,156819],{"className":54,"code":156818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156820,156821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156822,156823,156825,156827,156829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156824,2266],{"class":67},[61,156826,49234],{"class":2071},[61,156828,8380],{"class":71},[61,156830,8386],{"class":67},[887,156832,156834],{"id":156833},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[52,156836,156838],{"className":54,"code":156837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156839,156840,156856,156860,156878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156841,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156843,51667],{"class":67},[61,156845,72],{"class":71},[61,156847,1058],{"class":75},[61,156849,788],{"class":79},[61,156851,83],{"class":75},[61,156853,6274],{"class":79},[61,156855,153],{"class":75},[61,156857,156858],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156859,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,156861,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156863,7277],{"class":4158},[61,156865,38663],{"class":159},[61,156867,147],{"class":75},[61,156869,51692],{"class":143},[61,156871,442],{"class":75},[61,156873,6688],{"class":71},[61,156875,86],{"class":79},[61,156877,6673],{"class":75},[61,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886,156889,156891],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,156881,8352],{"class":159},[61,156883,147],{"class":75},[61,156885,504],{"class":503},[61,156887,156888],{"class":507},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[61,156890,504],{"class":503},[61,156892,153],{"class":75},[20,156894,156895],{},[39,156896,1598],{},[52,156898,156900],{"className":54,"code":156899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156901,156902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156903,156904,156907,156909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156905,156906],{"class":67},"This looks like an x",[61,156908,83],{"class":75},[61,156910,156911],{"class":67}," y coordinate\n",[887,156913,156915],{"id":156914},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[52,156917,156919],{"className":54,"code":156918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156920,156921,156950,156954,156972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156922,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156946,156948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156924,11767],{"class":67},[61,156926,72],{"class":71},[61,156928,1058],{"class":75},[61,156930,504],{"class":503},[61,156932,13161],{"class":507},[61,156934,504],{"class":503},[61,156936,83],{"class":75},[61,156938,9588],{"class":79},[61,156940,83],{"class":75},[61,156942,515],{"class":503},[61,156944,156945],{"class":507},"Canada",[61,156947,504],{"class":503},[61,156949,153],{"class":75},[61,156951,156952],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156953,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,156955,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,156957,7277],{"class":4158},[61,156959,38663],{"class":159},[61,156961,147],{"class":75},[61,156963,11861],{"class":143},[61,156965,442],{"class":75},[61,156967,6688],{"class":71},[61,156969,91],{"class":79},[61,156971,6673],{"class":75},[61,156973,156974,156976,156978,156980,156983,156985],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,156975,8352],{"class":159},[61,156977,147],{"class":75},[61,156979,504],{"class":503},[61,156981,156982],{"class":507},"User record has the expected number of values",[61,156984,504],{"class":503},[61,156986,153],{"class":75},[20,156988,156989],{},[39,156990,1598],{},[52,156992,156994],{"className":54,"code":156993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156995,156996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156997,156998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156999,156993],{"class":67},[887,157001,157003],{"id":157002},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[52,157005,157007],{"className":54,"code":157006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157008,157009,157041,157045,157065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157010,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157012,1028],{"class":67},[61,157014,72],{"class":71},[61,157016,1058],{"class":75},[61,157018,504],{"class":503},[61,157020,214],{"class":507},[61,157022,504],{"class":503},[61,157024,83],{"class":75},[61,157026,515],{"class":503},[61,157028,329],{"class":507},[61,157030,504],{"class":503},[61,157032,83],{"class":75},[61,157034,515],{"class":503},[61,157036,1071],{"class":507},[61,157038,504],{"class":503},[61,157040,153],{"class":75},[61,157042,157043],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157044,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157046,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157048,6238],{"class":4158},[61,157050,69825],{"class":67},[61,157052,4165],{"class":4158},[61,157054,54353],{"class":159},[61,157056,147],{"class":75},[61,157058,11442],{"class":159},[61,157060,147],{"class":75},[61,157062,36419],{"class":143},[61,157064,69840],{"class":75},[61,157066,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,157068,8352],{"class":159},[61,157070,147],{"class":75},[61,157072,36430],{"class":143},[61,157074,83],{"class":75},[61,157076,1097],{"class":143},[61,157078,4182],{"class":75},[61,157080,36430],{"class":143},[61,157082,1887],{"class":75},[20,157084,157085],{},[39,157086,1598],{},[52,157088,157089],{"className":54,"code":36442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,157090,157091,157097,157103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157092,157093,157095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157094,2405],{"class":79},[61,157096,36451],{"class":67},[61,157098,157099,157101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157100,80],{"class":79},[61,157102,36458],{"class":67},[61,157104,157105,157107],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157106,301],{"class":79},[61,157108,36465],{"class":67},[20,157110,157111,157112,157114,157115,140],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[214,157113,149762],{"href":149761},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[214,157116,151006],{"href":151005},[47,157118,3111],{"id":3110},[20,157120,157121],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[29,157123,157124,157132,157139,157144],{},[32,157125,157126,157127,11372,157130],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157128,157129],{},"(5)",[15,157131,149596],{},[32,157133,716,157134,157136,157137],{},[15,157135,11442],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157138,42639],{},[32,157140,1524,157141,157143],{},[15,157142,42639],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[32,157145,157146],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157148,32358],{},[52,157150,157152],{"className":54,"code":157151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157153,157154,157164,157178,157192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157155,157156,157158,157160,157162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157157,160],{"class":159},[61,157159,147],{"class":75},[61,157161,148107],{"class":143},[61,157163,153],{"class":75},[61,157165,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157167,160],{"class":159},[61,157169,147],{"class":75},[61,157171,2072],{"class":2071},[61,157173,147],{"class":75},[61,157175,148107],{"class":143},[61,157177,1761],{"class":75},[61,157179,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157181,160],{"class":159},[61,157183,147],{"class":75},[61,157185,11442],{"class":159},[61,157187,147],{"class":75},[61,157189,148107],{"class":143},[61,157191,1761],{"class":75},[61,157193,157194,157196,157198,157200],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,157195,2093],{"class":159},[61,157197,147],{"class":75},[61,157199,11442],{"class":159},[61,157201,153],{"class":75},[20,157203,155316],{},[29,157205,157206,157209,157212,157216],{},[32,157207,157208],{},"what value you are using",[32,157210,157211],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[32,157213,26295,157214,11985],{},[15,157215,42639],{},[32,157217,123480,157218,157220],{},[15,157219,42639],{}," is documented in Python",[47,157222,2109],{"id":2108},[887,157224,157226],{"id":157225},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157228,1503,157229,157232],{},[15,157230,157231],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[887,157234,2113,157236,149266],{"id":157235},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157237,42639],{},[20,157239,46645,157240,157242],{},[15,157241,42639],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[887,157244,157246],{"id":157245},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157248,157249,157250,140],{},"The length is ",[15,157251,2405],{},[887,157253,157255],{"id":157254},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157257,150952,157258,157260],{},[15,157259,150955],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[887,157262,2113,157264,157266],{"id":157263},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157265,42639],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157268,157269],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[47,157271,2172],{"id":2171},[29,157273,157274,157280,157284,157288,157292],{},[32,157275,157276],{},[214,157277,13,157278,3790],{"href":42636},[15,157279,42639],{},[32,157281,157282],{},[214,157283,156181],{"href":148092},[32,157285,157286],{},[214,157287,149762],{"href":149761},[32,157289,157290],{},[214,157291,151006],{"href":151005},[32,157293,157294],{},[214,157295,157296],{"href":149392},"What is a tuple in Python",[2204,157298,157299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":157301},[157302,157303,157304,157311,157317,157326,157332,157333,157342],{"id":15442,"depth":97,"text":15443},{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":155669,"depth":97,"text":157305,"children":157306},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157307,157308,157309,157310],{"id":155681,"depth":122,"text":155682},{"id":155748,"depth":122,"text":155749},{"id":155793,"depth":122,"text":155794},{"id":155842,"depth":122,"text":155843},{"id":155931,"depth":97,"text":155932,"children":157312},[157313,157314,157315,157316],{"id":155935,"depth":122,"text":155936},{"id":156010,"depth":122,"text":155749},{"id":156052,"depth":122,"text":156053},{"id":156186,"depth":122,"text":156187},{"id":156270,"depth":97,"text":156271,"children":157318},[157319,157321,157323,157324],{"id":156274,"depth":122,"text":157320},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156412,"depth":122,"text":157322},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156488,"depth":122,"text":156489},{"id":156623,"depth":122,"text":157325},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156751,"depth":97,"text":156752,"children":157327},[157328,157329,157330,157331],{"id":156760,"depth":122,"text":156761},{"id":156833,"depth":122,"text":156834},{"id":156914,"depth":122,"text":156915},{"id":157002,"depth":122,"text":157003},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":157334},[157335,157336,157338,157339,157340],{"id":157225,"depth":122,"text":157226},{"id":157235,"depth":122,"text":157337},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157245,"depth":122,"text":157246},{"id":157254,"depth":122,"text":157255},{"id":157263,"depth":122,"text":157341},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155453,"description":157343},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157350,"title":157351,"body":157352,"description":159737,"extension":2249,"meta":159738,"navigation":125,"path":159739,"seo":159740,"stem":159741,"__hash__":159742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157353,"toc":159698},[157354,157357,157360,157363,157386,157392,157394,157505,157509,157512,157522,157524,157623,157625,157702,157708,157712,157715,157738,157741,157758,157761,157763,157826,157828,157845,157856,157861,157863,157866,157872,157923,157925,157945,157949,158000,158002,158023,158027,158082,158084,158105,158109,158164,158166,158187,158191,158244,158246,158275,158277,158279,158282,158286,158343,158345,158366,158370,158423,158425,158450,158455,158459,158464,158482,158485,158548,158550,158571,158574,158635,158637,158658,158661,158704,158707,158711,158716,158720,158799,158801,158832,158836,158911,158913,158940,158944,158991,158993,159001,159006,159010,159013,159028,159030,159118,159120,159145,159148,159191,159200,159202,159205,159220,159223,159227,159281,159283,159303,159308,159312,159314,159352,159355,159405,159409,159482,159484,159521,159524,159526,159529,159549,159552,159621,159623,159636,159638,159642,159645,159649,159652,159657,159660,159666,159671,159673,159695],[10,157355,157351],{"id":157356},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157358,157359],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157361,157362],{},"Use this format:",[52,157364,157366],{"className":54,"code":157365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157367,157368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157371,49234],{"class":67},[61,157373,4182],{"class":75},[61,157375,36349],{"class":67},[61,157377,192],{"class":75},[61,157379,75702],{"class":67},[61,157381,192],{"class":75},[61,157383,75705],{"class":67},[61,157385,943],{"class":75},[20,157387,2266,157388,75738,157390,140],{},[15,157389,75702],{},[39,157391,65349],{},[47,157393,50],{"id":49},[52,157395,157397],{"className":54,"code":157396,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157398,157399,157427,157431,157452,157469,157486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157400,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157402,900],{"class":67},[61,157404,72],{"class":71},[61,157406,1058],{"class":75},[61,157408,2613],{"class":79},[61,157410,83],{"class":75},[61,157412,8072],{"class":79},[61,157414,83],{"class":75},[61,157416,8077],{"class":79},[61,157418,83],{"class":75},[61,157420,51125],{"class":79},[61,157422,83],{"class":75},[61,157424,5360],{"class":79},[61,157426,153],{"class":75},[61,157428,157429],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157430,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157432,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157434,160],{"class":159},[61,157436,147],{"class":75},[61,157438,3929],{"class":143},[61,157440,4182],{"class":75},[61,157442,80],{"class":79},[61,157444,192],{"class":75},[61,157446,788],{"class":79},[61,157448,20725],{"class":75},[61,157450,157451],{"class":173},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[61,157453,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,157455,160],{"class":159},[61,157457,147],{"class":75},[61,157459,3929],{"class":143},[61,157461,75811],{"class":75},[61,157463,107],{"class":79},[61,157465,20725],{"class":75},[61,157467,157468],{"class":173},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[61,157470,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,157472,160],{"class":159},[61,157474,147],{"class":75},[61,157476,3929],{"class":143},[61,157478,74398],{"class":75},[61,157480,301],{"class":79},[61,157482,20725],{"class":75},[61,157484,157485],{"class":173},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[61,157487,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,157489,160],{"class":159},[61,157491,147],{"class":75},[61,157493,3929],{"class":143},[61,157495,74398],{"class":75},[61,157497,2308],{"class":71},[61,157499,80],{"class":79},[61,157501,20725],{"class":75},[61,157503,157504],{"class":173},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[47,157506,157508],{"id":157507},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157510,157511],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[29,157513,157514,157516,157519],{},[32,157515,76005],{},[32,157517,157518],{},"The result is a new tuple",[32,157520,157521],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157523,368],{},[52,157525,157527],{"className":54,"code":157526,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157528,157529,157577,157581,157599,157603,157613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157530,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157532,1028],{"class":67},[61,157534,72],{"class":71},[61,157536,1058],{"class":75},[61,157538,504],{"class":503},[61,157540,214],{"class":507},[61,157542,504],{"class":503},[61,157544,83],{"class":75},[61,157546,515],{"class":503},[61,157548,329],{"class":507},[61,157550,504],{"class":503},[61,157552,83],{"class":75},[61,157554,515],{"class":503},[61,157556,1071],{"class":507},[61,157558,504],{"class":503},[61,157560,83],{"class":75},[61,157562,515],{"class":503},[61,157564,1080],{"class":507},[61,157566,504],{"class":503},[61,157568,83],{"class":75},[61,157570,515],{"class":503},[61,157572,60730],{"class":507},[61,157574,504],{"class":503},[61,157576,153],{"class":75},[61,157578,157579],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157580,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157582,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157584,75935],{"class":67},[61,157586,72],{"class":71},[61,157588,1097],{"class":67},[61,157590,4182],{"class":75},[61,157592,80],{"class":79},[61,157594,192],{"class":75},[61,157596,788],{"class":79},[61,157598,943],{"class":75},[61,157600,157601],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,157602,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157604,157605,157607,157609,157611],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,157606,160],{"class":159},[61,157608,147],{"class":75},[61,157610,75958],{"class":143},[61,157612,153],{"class":75},[61,157614,157615,157617,157619,157621],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,157616,160],{"class":159},[61,157618,147],{"class":75},[61,157620,36419],{"class":143},[61,157622,153],{"class":75},[20,157624,1598],{},[52,157626,157628],{"className":54,"code":157627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157629,157630,157658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157631,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157633,147],{"class":75},[61,157635,630],{"class":503},[61,157637,329],{"class":507},[61,157639,630],{"class":503},[61,157641,83],{"class":75},[61,157643,639],{"class":503},[61,157645,1071],{"class":507},[61,157647,630],{"class":503},[61,157649,83],{"class":75},[61,157651,639],{"class":503},[61,157653,1080],{"class":507},[61,157655,630],{"class":503},[61,157657,153],{"class":75},[61,157659,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157661,147],{"class":75},[61,157663,630],{"class":503},[61,157665,214],{"class":507},[61,157667,630],{"class":503},[61,157669,83],{"class":75},[61,157671,639],{"class":503},[61,157673,329],{"class":507},[61,157675,630],{"class":503},[61,157677,83],{"class":75},[61,157679,639],{"class":503},[61,157681,1071],{"class":507},[61,157683,630],{"class":503},[61,157685,83],{"class":75},[61,157687,639],{"class":503},[61,157689,1080],{"class":507},[61,157691,630],{"class":503},[61,157693,83],{"class":75},[61,157695,639],{"class":503},[61,157697,60730],{"class":507},[61,157699,630],{"class":503},[61,157701,153],{"class":75},[20,157703,157704,157705,140],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[214,157706,148089],{"href":157707},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[47,157709,157711],{"id":157710},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157713,157714],{},"The full syntax is:",[52,157716,157718],{"className":54,"code":157717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157719,157720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157721,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157723,148107],{"class":67},[61,157725,4182],{"class":75},[61,157727,36349],{"class":67},[61,157729,192],{"class":75},[61,157731,75702],{"class":67},[61,157733,192],{"class":75},[61,157735,75705],{"class":67},[61,157737,943],{"class":75},[20,157739,157740],{},"Each part has a job:",[29,157742,157743,157748,157753],{},[32,157744,157745,157747],{},[15,157746,36349],{},": where slicing begins",[32,157749,157750,157752],{},[15,157751,75702],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[32,157754,157755,157757],{},[15,157756,75705],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157759,157760],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157762,368],{},[52,157764,157766],{"className":54,"code":157765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157767,157768,157800,157804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157769,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157771,900],{"class":67},[61,157773,72],{"class":71},[61,157775,1058],{"class":75},[61,157777,2613],{"class":79},[61,157779,83],{"class":75},[61,157781,8072],{"class":79},[61,157783,83],{"class":75},[61,157785,8077],{"class":79},[61,157787,83],{"class":75},[61,157789,51125],{"class":79},[61,157791,83],{"class":75},[61,157793,5360],{"class":79},[61,157795,83],{"class":75},[61,157797,76376],{"class":79},[61,157799,153],{"class":75},[61,157801,157802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157803,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157805,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157807,160],{"class":159},[61,157809,147],{"class":75},[61,157811,3929],{"class":143},[61,157813,4182],{"class":75},[61,157815,80],{"class":79},[61,157817,192],{"class":75},[61,157819,1013],{"class":79},[61,157821,192],{"class":75},[61,157823,301],{"class":79},[61,157825,1887],{"class":75},[20,157827,1598],{},[52,157829,157831],{"className":54,"code":157830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157832,157833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157836,147],{"class":75},[61,157838,16033],{"class":79},[61,157840,83],{"class":75},[61,157842,51125],{"class":79},[61,157844,153],{"class":75},[20,157846,157847,157848,157850,157851,157853,157854,140],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157849,80],{},", stops before index ",[15,157852,1013],{},", and moves by ",[15,157855,301],{},[20,157857,157858,157859,140],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[214,157860,149762],{"href":153188},[47,157862,76292],{"id":76291},[20,157864,157865],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[887,157867,157869,157870,6246],{"id":157868},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157871,76306],{},[52,157873,157875],{"className":54,"code":157874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157876,157877,157905,157909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157878,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157880,900],{"class":67},[61,157882,72],{"class":71},[61,157884,1058],{"class":75},[61,157886,2613],{"class":79},[61,157888,83],{"class":75},[61,157890,8072],{"class":79},[61,157892,83],{"class":75},[61,157894,8077],{"class":79},[61,157896,83],{"class":75},[61,157898,51125],{"class":79},[61,157900,83],{"class":75},[61,157902,5360],{"class":79},[61,157904,153],{"class":75},[61,157906,157907],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157908,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157912,160],{"class":159},[61,157914,147],{"class":75},[61,157916,3929],{"class":143},[61,157918,75811],{"class":75},[61,157920,107],{"class":79},[61,157922,1887],{"class":75},[20,157924,1598],{},[52,157926,157927],{"className":54,"code":151454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,157928,157929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157932,147],{"class":75},[61,157934,2613],{"class":79},[61,157936,83],{"class":75},[61,157938,8072],{"class":79},[61,157940,83],{"class":75},[61,157942,8077],{"class":79},[61,157944,153],{"class":75},[887,157946,157948],{"id":157947},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[52,157950,157952],{"className":54,"code":157951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157953,157954,157982,157986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157955,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157957,900],{"class":67},[61,157959,72],{"class":71},[61,157961,1058],{"class":75},[61,157963,2613],{"class":79},[61,157965,83],{"class":75},[61,157967,8072],{"class":79},[61,157969,83],{"class":75},[61,157971,8077],{"class":79},[61,157973,83],{"class":75},[61,157975,51125],{"class":79},[61,157977,83],{"class":75},[61,157979,5360],{"class":79},[61,157981,153],{"class":75},[61,157983,157984],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157985,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,157987,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,157989,160],{"class":159},[61,157991,147],{"class":75},[61,157993,3929],{"class":143},[61,157995,4182],{"class":75},[61,157997,301],{"class":79},[61,157999,77992],{"class":75},[20,158001,1598],{},[52,158003,158005],{"className":54,"code":158004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158006,158007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158008,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158010,147],{"class":75},[61,158012,37118],{"class":79},[61,158014,83],{"class":75},[61,158016,51125],{"class":79},[61,158018,83],{"class":75},[61,158020,5360],{"class":79},[61,158022,153],{"class":75},[887,158024,158026],{"id":158025},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[52,158028,158030],{"className":54,"code":158029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158031,158032,158060,158064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158035,900],{"class":67},[61,158037,72],{"class":71},[61,158039,1058],{"class":75},[61,158041,2613],{"class":79},[61,158043,83],{"class":75},[61,158045,8072],{"class":79},[61,158047,83],{"class":75},[61,158049,8077],{"class":79},[61,158051,83],{"class":75},[61,158053,51125],{"class":79},[61,158055,83],{"class":75},[61,158057,5360],{"class":79},[61,158059,153],{"class":75},[61,158061,158062],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158063,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158065,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158067,160],{"class":159},[61,158069,147],{"class":75},[61,158071,3929],{"class":143},[61,158073,4182],{"class":75},[61,158075,80],{"class":79},[61,158077,192],{"class":75},[61,158079,788],{"class":79},[61,158081,1887],{"class":75},[20,158083,1598],{},[52,158085,158087],{"className":54,"code":158086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158088,158089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158090,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158092,147],{"class":75},[61,158094,16033],{"class":79},[61,158096,83],{"class":75},[61,158098,8077],{"class":79},[61,158100,83],{"class":75},[61,158102,51125],{"class":79},[61,158104,153],{"class":75},[887,158106,158108],{"id":158107},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[52,158110,158112],{"className":54,"code":158111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158113,158114,158146,158150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158115,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158117,900],{"class":67},[61,158119,72],{"class":71},[61,158121,1058],{"class":75},[61,158123,2613],{"class":79},[61,158125,83],{"class":75},[61,158127,8072],{"class":79},[61,158129,83],{"class":75},[61,158131,8077],{"class":79},[61,158133,83],{"class":75},[61,158135,51125],{"class":79},[61,158137,83],{"class":75},[61,158139,5360],{"class":79},[61,158141,83],{"class":75},[61,158143,76376],{"class":79},[61,158145,153],{"class":75},[61,158147,158148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158149,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158151,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158153,160],{"class":159},[61,158155,147],{"class":75},[61,158157,3929],{"class":143},[61,158159,74398],{"class":75},[61,158161,301],{"class":79},[61,158163,1887],{"class":75},[20,158165,1598],{},[52,158167,158169],{"className":54,"code":158168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158170,158171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158172,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158174,147],{"class":75},[61,158176,2613],{"class":79},[61,158178,83],{"class":75},[61,158180,8077],{"class":79},[61,158182,83],{"class":75},[61,158184,5360],{"class":79},[61,158186,153],{"class":75},[887,158188,158190],{"id":158189},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[52,158192,158194],{"className":54,"code":158193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158195,158196,158224,158228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158197,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158199,900],{"class":67},[61,158201,72],{"class":71},[61,158203,1058],{"class":75},[61,158205,2613],{"class":79},[61,158207,83],{"class":75},[61,158209,8072],{"class":79},[61,158211,83],{"class":75},[61,158213,8077],{"class":79},[61,158215,83],{"class":75},[61,158217,51125],{"class":79},[61,158219,83],{"class":75},[61,158221,5360],{"class":79},[61,158223,153],{"class":75},[61,158225,158226],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158227,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158229,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158231,160],{"class":159},[61,158233,147],{"class":75},[61,158235,3929],{"class":143},[61,158237,74398],{"class":75},[61,158239,2308],{"class":71},[61,158241,80],{"class":79},[61,158243,1887],{"class":75},[20,158245,1598],{},[52,158247,158249],{"className":54,"code":158248,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158250,158251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158252,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158254,147],{"class":75},[61,158256,77070],{"class":79},[61,158258,83],{"class":75},[61,158260,51125],{"class":79},[61,158262,83],{"class":75},[61,158264,8077],{"class":79},[61,158266,83],{"class":75},[61,158268,8072],{"class":79},[61,158270,83],{"class":75},[61,158272,6285],{"class":79},[61,158274,153],{"class":75},[47,158276,76586],{"id":76585},[20,158278,154461],{},[20,158280,158281],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[887,158283,158285],{"id":158284},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[52,158287,158289],{"className":54,"code":158288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158290,158291,158323,158327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158292,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158294,900],{"class":67},[61,158296,72],{"class":71},[61,158298,1058],{"class":75},[61,158300,2613],{"class":79},[61,158302,83],{"class":75},[61,158304,8072],{"class":79},[61,158306,83],{"class":75},[61,158308,8077],{"class":79},[61,158310,83],{"class":75},[61,158312,51125],{"class":79},[61,158314,83],{"class":75},[61,158316,5360],{"class":79},[61,158318,83],{"class":75},[61,158320,76376],{"class":79},[61,158322,153],{"class":75},[61,158324,158325],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158326,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158328,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158330,160],{"class":159},[61,158332,147],{"class":75},[61,158334,3929],{"class":143},[61,158336,4182],{"class":75},[61,158338,2308],{"class":71},[61,158340,107],{"class":79},[61,158342,77992],{"class":75},[20,158344,1598],{},[52,158346,158348],{"className":54,"code":158347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158349,158350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158353,147],{"class":75},[61,158355,56976],{"class":79},[61,158357,83],{"class":75},[61,158359,5360],{"class":79},[61,158361,83],{"class":75},[61,158363,76376],{"class":79},[61,158365,153],{"class":75},[887,158367,158369],{"id":158368},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[52,158371,158373],{"className":54,"code":158372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158374,158375,158403,158407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158376,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158378,900],{"class":67},[61,158380,72],{"class":71},[61,158382,1058],{"class":75},[61,158384,2613],{"class":79},[61,158386,83],{"class":75},[61,158388,8072],{"class":79},[61,158390,83],{"class":75},[61,158392,8077],{"class":79},[61,158394,83],{"class":75},[61,158396,51125],{"class":79},[61,158398,83],{"class":75},[61,158400,5360],{"class":79},[61,158402,153],{"class":75},[61,158404,158405],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158406,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158408,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158410,160],{"class":159},[61,158412,147],{"class":75},[61,158414,3929],{"class":143},[61,158416,75811],{"class":75},[61,158418,2308],{"class":71},[61,158420,80],{"class":79},[61,158422,1887],{"class":75},[20,158424,1598],{},[52,158426,158428],{"className":54,"code":158427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158429,158430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158431,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158433,147],{"class":75},[61,158435,2613],{"class":79},[61,158437,83],{"class":75},[61,158439,8072],{"class":79},[61,158441,83],{"class":75},[61,158443,8077],{"class":79},[61,158445,83],{"class":75},[61,158447,51125],{"class":79},[61,158449,153],{"class":75},[20,158451,158452,158453,140],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[214,158454,151011],{"href":157345},[47,158456,158458],{"id":158457},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158460,2266,158461,158463],{},[15,158462,75705],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[29,158465,158466,158468,158470,158476],{},[32,158467,76842],{},[32,158469,76845],{},[32,158471,158472,158475],{},[15,158473,158474],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[32,158477,158478,158479,158481],{},"A step of ",[15,158480,2405],{}," is not allowed",[20,158483,158484],{},"Example with a positive step:",[52,158486,158488],{"className":54,"code":158487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158489,158490,158522,158526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158491,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158493,900],{"class":67},[61,158495,72],{"class":71},[61,158497,1058],{"class":75},[61,158499,2613],{"class":79},[61,158501,83],{"class":75},[61,158503,8072],{"class":79},[61,158505,83],{"class":75},[61,158507,8077],{"class":79},[61,158509,83],{"class":75},[61,158511,51125],{"class":79},[61,158513,83],{"class":75},[61,158515,5360],{"class":79},[61,158517,83],{"class":75},[61,158519,76376],{"class":79},[61,158521,153],{"class":75},[61,158523,158524],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158525,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158527,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158529,160],{"class":159},[61,158531,147],{"class":75},[61,158533,3929],{"class":143},[61,158535,4182],{"class":75},[61,158537,80],{"class":79},[61,158539,192],{"class":75},[61,158541,80870],{"class":79},[61,158543,192],{"class":75},[61,158545,301],{"class":79},[61,158547,1887],{"class":75},[20,158549,1598],{},[52,158551,158553],{"className":54,"code":158552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158554,158555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158556,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158558,147],{"class":75},[61,158560,16033],{"class":79},[61,158562,83],{"class":75},[61,158564,51125],{"class":79},[61,158566,83],{"class":75},[61,158568,76376],{"class":79},[61,158570,153],{"class":75},[20,158572,158573],{},"Example with a negative step:",[52,158575,158577],{"className":54,"code":158576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158578,158579,158607,158611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158580,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158582,900],{"class":67},[61,158584,72],{"class":71},[61,158586,1058],{"class":75},[61,158588,2613],{"class":79},[61,158590,83],{"class":75},[61,158592,8072],{"class":79},[61,158594,83],{"class":75},[61,158596,8077],{"class":79},[61,158598,83],{"class":75},[61,158600,51125],{"class":79},[61,158602,83],{"class":75},[61,158604,5360],{"class":79},[61,158606,153],{"class":75},[61,158608,158609],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158610,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158612,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158614,160],{"class":159},[61,158616,147],{"class":75},[61,158618,3929],{"class":143},[61,158620,4182],{"class":75},[61,158622,788],{"class":79},[61,158624,192],{"class":75},[61,158626,80],{"class":79},[61,158628,192],{"class":75},[61,158630,2308],{"class":71},[61,158632,80],{"class":79},[61,158634,1887],{"class":75},[20,158636,1598],{},[52,158638,158640],{"className":54,"code":158639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158641,158642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158643,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158645,147],{"class":75},[61,158647,77070],{"class":79},[61,158649,83],{"class":75},[61,158651,51125],{"class":79},[61,158653,83],{"class":75},[61,158655,8077],{"class":79},[61,158657,153],{"class":75},[20,158659,158660],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[52,158662,158664],{"className":54,"code":158663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158665,158666,158686,158690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158667,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158669,900],{"class":67},[61,158671,72],{"class":71},[61,158673,1058],{"class":75},[61,158675,2613],{"class":79},[61,158677,83],{"class":75},[61,158679,8072],{"class":79},[61,158681,83],{"class":75},[61,158683,8077],{"class":79},[61,158685,153],{"class":75},[61,158687,158688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158689,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158691,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158693,160],{"class":159},[61,158695,147],{"class":75},[61,158697,3929],{"class":143},[61,158699,74398],{"class":75},[61,158701,2405],{"class":79},[61,158703,1887],{"class":75},[20,158705,158706],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[47,158708,158710],{"id":158709},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158712,158713,158714,34016],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[39,158715,49234],{},[887,158717,158719],{"id":158718},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[52,158721,158723],{"className":54,"code":158722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158724,158725,158749,158753,158771,158775,158785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158728,900],{"class":67},[61,158730,72],{"class":71},[61,158732,1058],{"class":75},[61,158734,2613],{"class":79},[61,158736,83],{"class":75},[61,158738,8072],{"class":79},[61,158740,83],{"class":75},[61,158742,8077],{"class":79},[61,158744,83],{"class":75},[61,158746,51125],{"class":79},[61,158748,153],{"class":75},[61,158750,158751],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158752,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158756,132],{"class":67},[61,158758,72],{"class":71},[61,158760,956],{"class":67},[61,158762,4182],{"class":75},[61,158764,80],{"class":79},[61,158766,192],{"class":75},[61,158768,107],{"class":79},[61,158770,943],{"class":75},[61,158772,158773],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,158774,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158776,158777,158779,158781,158783],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,158778,160],{"class":159},[61,158780,147],{"class":75},[61,158782,165],{"class":143},[61,158784,153],{"class":75},[61,158786,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,158788,160],{"class":159},[61,158790,147],{"class":75},[61,158792,2072],{"class":2071},[61,158794,147],{"class":75},[61,158796,165],{"class":143},[61,158798,1761],{"class":75},[20,158800,1598],{},[52,158802,158804],{"className":54,"code":158803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158805,158806,158818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158807,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158809,147],{"class":75},[61,158811,16033],{"class":79},[61,158813,83],{"class":75},[61,158815,8077],{"class":79},[61,158817,153],{"class":75},[61,158819,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158821,3571],{"class":71},[61,158823,3574],{"class":2350},[61,158825,639],{"class":503},[61,158827,49234],{"class":507},[61,158829,630],{"class":503},[61,158831,3583],{"class":71},[887,158833,158835],{"id":158834},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[52,158837,158839],{"className":54,"code":158838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158840,158841,158861,158865,158883,158887,158897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158842,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158844,900],{"class":67},[61,158846,72],{"class":71},[61,158848,1058],{"class":75},[61,158850,2613],{"class":79},[61,158852,83],{"class":75},[61,158854,8072],{"class":79},[61,158856,83],{"class":75},[61,158858,8077],{"class":79},[61,158860,153],{"class":75},[61,158862,158863],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158864,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158866,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158868,132],{"class":67},[61,158870,72],{"class":71},[61,158872,956],{"class":67},[61,158874,4182],{"class":75},[61,158876,80],{"class":79},[61,158878,192],{"class":75},[61,158880,301],{"class":79},[61,158882,943],{"class":75},[61,158884,158885],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,158886,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158888,158889,158891,158893,158895],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,158890,160],{"class":159},[61,158892,147],{"class":75},[61,158894,165],{"class":143},[61,158896,153],{"class":75},[61,158898,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,158900,160],{"class":159},[61,158902,147],{"class":75},[61,158904,2072],{"class":2071},[61,158906,147],{"class":75},[61,158908,165],{"class":143},[61,158910,1761],{"class":75},[20,158912,1598],{},[52,158914,158916],{"className":54,"code":158915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158917,158918,158926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158919,158920,158922,158924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158921,147],{"class":75},[61,158923,16033],{"class":79},[61,158925,149445],{"class":75},[61,158927,158928,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158929,3571],{"class":71},[61,158931,3574],{"class":2350},[61,158933,639],{"class":503},[61,158935,49234],{"class":507},[61,158937,630],{"class":503},[61,158939,3583],{"class":71},[887,158941,158943],{"id":158942},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[52,158945,158947],{"className":54,"code":158946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158948,158949,158969,158973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158950,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158952,900],{"class":67},[61,158954,72],{"class":71},[61,158956,1058],{"class":75},[61,158958,2613],{"class":79},[61,158960,83],{"class":75},[61,158962,8072],{"class":79},[61,158964,83],{"class":75},[61,158966,8077],{"class":79},[61,158968,153],{"class":75},[61,158970,158971],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158972,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,158976,160],{"class":159},[61,158978,147],{"class":75},[61,158980,3929],{"class":143},[61,158982,4182],{"class":75},[61,158984,1013],{"class":79},[61,158986,192],{"class":75},[61,158988,2628],{"class":79},[61,158990,1887],{"class":75},[20,158992,1598],{},[52,158994,158995],{"className":54,"code":8926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,158996,158997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158998,158999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159000,8926],{"class":75},[20,159002,159003,159004,140],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[214,159005,156181],{"href":151068},[47,159007,159009],{"id":159008},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159011,159012],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,159014,159015,159017,159020,159025],{},[32,159016,77151],{},[32,159018,159019],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[32,159021,159022,159023],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159024,71007],{},[32,159026,159027],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159029,368],{},[52,159031,159033],{"className":54,"code":159032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159034,159035,159055,159059,159076,159097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159038,900],{"class":67},[61,159040,72],{"class":71},[61,159042,1058],{"class":75},[61,159044,2613],{"class":79},[61,159046,83],{"class":75},[61,159048,8072],{"class":79},[61,159050,83],{"class":75},[61,159052,8077],{"class":79},[61,159054,153],{"class":75},[61,159056,159057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159058,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159060,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159062,160],{"class":159},[61,159064,147],{"class":75},[61,159066,3929],{"class":143},[61,159068,4182],{"class":75},[61,159070,80],{"class":79},[61,159072,20725],{"class":75},[61,159074,159075],{"class":173},"    # one item\n",[61,159077,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,159079,160],{"class":159},[61,159081,147],{"class":75},[61,159083,3929],{"class":143},[61,159085,4182],{"class":75},[61,159087,80],{"class":79},[61,159089,192],{"class":75},[61,159091,1013],{"class":79},[61,159093,20725],{"class":75},[61,159095,159096],{"class":173},"  # slice\n",[61,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,159100,160],{"class":159},[61,159102,147],{"class":75},[61,159104,3929],{"class":143},[61,159106,4182],{"class":75},[61,159108,1013],{"class":79},[61,159110,192],{"class":75},[61,159112,2628],{"class":79},[61,159114,20725],{"class":75},[61,159116,159117],{"class":173},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159119,1598],{},[52,159121,159123],{"className":54,"code":159122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159124,159125,159129,159141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159126,159127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159128,71500],{"class":79},[61,159130,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159132,147],{"class":75},[61,159134,16033],{"class":79},[61,159136,83],{"class":75},[61,159138,8077],{"class":79},[61,159140,153],{"class":75},[61,159142,159143],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159144,8926],{"class":75},[20,159146,159147],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[52,159149,159151],{"className":54,"code":159150,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159152,159153,159173,159177],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159154,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159156,900],{"class":67},[61,159158,72],{"class":71},[61,159160,1058],{"class":75},[61,159162,2613],{"class":79},[61,159164,83],{"class":75},[61,159166,8072],{"class":79},[61,159168,83],{"class":75},[61,159170,8077],{"class":79},[61,159172,153],{"class":75},[61,159174,159175],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159176,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159180,160],{"class":159},[61,159182,147],{"class":75},[61,159184,3929],{"class":143},[61,159186,4182],{"class":75},[61,159188,1013],{"class":79},[61,159190,1887],{"class":75},[20,159192,159193,159194,159196,159197,140],{},"This raises an ",[15,159195,71007],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[214,159198,154934],{"href":159199},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[47,159201,15457],{"id":77418},[20,159203,159204],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[29,159206,159207,159210,159212,159215],{},[32,159208,159209],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[32,159211,60975],{},[32,159213,159214],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[32,159216,159217,159218],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159219,2405],{},[20,159221,159222],{},"Here are a few examples.",[887,159224,159226],{"id":159225},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[52,159228,159229],{"className":54,"code":158029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159230,159231,159259,159263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159232,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159234,900],{"class":67},[61,159236,72],{"class":71},[61,159238,1058],{"class":75},[61,159240,2613],{"class":79},[61,159242,83],{"class":75},[61,159244,8072],{"class":79},[61,159246,83],{"class":75},[61,159248,8077],{"class":79},[61,159250,83],{"class":75},[61,159252,51125],{"class":79},[61,159254,83],{"class":75},[61,159256,5360],{"class":79},[61,159258,153],{"class":75},[61,159260,159261],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159262,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159264,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159266,160],{"class":159},[61,159268,147],{"class":75},[61,159270,3929],{"class":143},[61,159272,4182],{"class":75},[61,159274,80],{"class":79},[61,159276,192],{"class":75},[61,159278,788],{"class":79},[61,159280,1887],{"class":75},[20,159282,1598],{},[52,159284,159285],{"className":54,"code":158086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159286,159287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159288,159289,159291,159293,159295,159297,159299,159301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159290,147],{"class":75},[61,159292,16033],{"class":79},[61,159294,83],{"class":75},[61,159296,8077],{"class":79},[61,159298,83],{"class":75},[61,159300,51125],{"class":79},[61,159302,153],{"class":75},[20,159304,132513,159305,159307],{},[15,159306,788],{}," is not included.",[887,159309,159311],{"id":159310},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159313,4804],{},[52,159315,159317],{"className":54,"code":159316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159318,159319,159343,159347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159322,900],{"class":67},[61,159324,72],{"class":71},[61,159326,1058],{"class":75},[61,159328,2613],{"class":79},[61,159330,83],{"class":75},[61,159332,8072],{"class":79},[61,159334,83],{"class":75},[61,159336,8077],{"class":79},[61,159338,83],{"class":75},[61,159340,51125],{"class":79},[61,159342,153],{"class":75},[61,159344,159345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159346,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159348,159349],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159350,159351],{"class":173},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159353,159354],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[52,159356,159357],{"className":54,"code":155014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159358,159359,159383,159387],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159362,900],{"class":67},[61,159364,72],{"class":71},[61,159366,1058],{"class":75},[61,159368,2613],{"class":79},[61,159370,83],{"class":75},[61,159372,8072],{"class":79},[61,159374,83],{"class":75},[61,159376,8077],{"class":79},[61,159378,83],{"class":75},[61,159380,51125],{"class":79},[61,159382,153],{"class":75},[61,159384,159385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159386,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159388,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159390,160],{"class":159},[61,159392,147],{"class":75},[61,159394,3929],{"class":143},[61,159396,4182],{"class":75},[61,159398,80],{"class":79},[61,159400,192],{"class":75},[61,159402,107],{"class":79},[61,159404,1887],{"class":75},[887,159406,159408],{"id":159407},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[52,159410,159412],{"className":54,"code":159411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159413,159414,159438,159442,159457,159461,159472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159415,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159417,900],{"class":67},[61,159419,72],{"class":71},[61,159421,1058],{"class":75},[61,159423,2613],{"class":79},[61,159425,83],{"class":75},[61,159427,8072],{"class":79},[61,159429,83],{"class":75},[61,159431,8077],{"class":79},[61,159433,83],{"class":75},[61,159435,51125],{"class":79},[61,159437,153],{"class":75},[61,159439,159440],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159441,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159443,159444,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159445,159446],{"class":67},"slice_result ",[61,159448,72],{"class":71},[61,159450,956],{"class":67},[61,159452,75811],{"class":75},[61,159454,301],{"class":79},[61,159456,943],{"class":75},[61,159458,159459],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,159460,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159462,159463,159465,159467,159470],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,159464,160],{"class":159},[61,159466,147],{"class":75},[61,159468,159469],{"class":143},"slice_result",[61,159471,153],{"class":75},[61,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,159475,160],{"class":159},[61,159477,147],{"class":75},[61,159479,3929],{"class":143},[61,159481,153],{"class":75},[20,159483,1598],{},[52,159485,159487],{"className":54,"code":159486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159488,159489,159501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159490,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159492,147],{"class":75},[61,159494,2613],{"class":79},[61,159496,83],{"class":75},[61,159498,8072],{"class":79},[61,159500,153],{"class":75},[61,159502,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159504,147],{"class":75},[61,159506,2613],{"class":79},[61,159508,83],{"class":75},[61,159510,8072],{"class":79},[61,159512,83],{"class":75},[61,159514,8077],{"class":79},[61,159516,83],{"class":75},[61,159518,51125],{"class":79},[61,159520,153],{"class":75},[20,159522,159523],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[47,159525,2003],{"id":2002},[20,159527,159528],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[29,159530,159531,159534,159537,159543,159546],{},[32,159532,159533],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[32,159535,159536],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[32,159538,159539,159540],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159541,159542],{},"tuple[::0]",[32,159544,159545],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[32,159547,159548],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159550,159551],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[52,159553,159555],{"className":54,"code":159554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159556,159557,159567,159585,159607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159560,160],{"class":159},[61,159562,147],{"class":75},[61,159564,148107],{"class":143},[61,159566,153],{"class":75},[61,159568,159569,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581,159583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159570,160],{"class":159},[61,159572,147],{"class":75},[61,159574,148107],{"class":143},[61,159576,4182],{"class":75},[61,159578,80],{"class":79},[61,159580,192],{"class":75},[61,159582,788],{"class":79},[61,159584,1887],{"class":75},[61,159586,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603,159605],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159588,160],{"class":159},[61,159590,147],{"class":75},[61,159592,2072],{"class":2071},[61,159594,147],{"class":75},[61,159596,148107],{"class":143},[61,159598,4182],{"class":75},[61,159600,80],{"class":79},[61,159602,192],{"class":75},[61,159604,788],{"class":79},[61,159606,3279],{"class":75},[61,159608,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,159610,160],{"class":159},[61,159612,147],{"class":75},[61,159614,11442],{"class":159},[61,159616,147],{"class":75},[61,159618,148107],{"class":143},[61,159620,1761],{"class":75},[20,159622,11451],{},[29,159624,159625,159627,159630,159633],{},[32,159626,155321],{},[32,159628,159629],{},"what the slice actually returns",[32,159631,159632],{},"that the result is a tuple",[32,159634,159635],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[47,159637,2109],{"id":2108},[887,159639,159641],{"id":159640},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159643,159644],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[887,159646,159648],{"id":159647},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159650,159651],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[887,159653,5422,159655,40238],{"id":159654},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159656,158474],{},[20,159658,159659],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[887,159661,159663,159664,2159],{"id":159662},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159665,71007],{},[20,159667,159668,159669,140],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159670,71007],{},[47,159672,2172],{"id":2171},[29,159674,159675,159679,159683,159687,159691],{},[32,159676,159677],{},[214,159678,156181],{"href":151068},[32,159680,159681],{},[214,159682,149762],{"href":153188},[32,159684,159685],{},[214,159686,151011],{"href":157345},[32,159688,159689],{},[214,159690,148089],{"href":157707},[32,159692,159693],{},[214,159694,154934],{"href":159199},[2204,159696,159697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":159699},[159700,159701,159702,159703,159711,159715,159716,159721,159722,159727,159728,159736],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":157507,"depth":97,"text":157508},{"id":157710,"depth":97,"text":157711},{"id":76291,"depth":97,"text":76292,"children":159704},[159705,159707,159708,159709,159710],{"id":157868,"depth":122,"text":159706},"Get the first n items",{"id":157947,"depth":122,"text":157948},{"id":158025,"depth":122,"text":158026},{"id":158107,"depth":122,"text":158108},{"id":158189,"depth":122,"text":158190},{"id":76585,"depth":97,"text":76586,"children":159712},[159713,159714],{"id":158284,"depth":122,"text":158285},{"id":158368,"depth":122,"text":158369},{"id":158457,"depth":97,"text":158458},{"id":158709,"depth":97,"text":158710,"children":159717},[159718,159719,159720],{"id":158718,"depth":122,"text":158719},{"id":158834,"depth":122,"text":158835},{"id":158942,"depth":122,"text":158943},{"id":159008,"depth":97,"text":159009},{"id":77418,"depth":97,"text":15457,"children":159723},[159724,159725,159726],{"id":159225,"depth":122,"text":159226},{"id":159310,"depth":122,"text":159311},{"id":159407,"depth":122,"text":159408},{"id":2002,"depth":97,"text":2003},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":159729},[159730,159731,159732,159734],{"id":159640,"depth":122,"text":159641},{"id":159647,"depth":122,"text":159648},{"id":159654,"depth":122,"text":159733},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159662,"depth":122,"text":159735},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157351,"description":159737},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159744,"title":159745,"body":159746,"description":161569,"extension":2249,"meta":161570,"navigation":125,"path":35083,"seo":161571,"stem":161572,"__hash__":161573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159747,"toc":161535},[159748,159753,159758,159762,159780,159783,159798,159804,159806,159863,159865,159897,159909,159915,159920,159923,159958,159964,159966,159969,159983,159986,159988,160011,160013,160031,160034,160050,160052,160055,160168,160170,160259,160262,160267,160273,160276,160279,160378,160380,160439,160444,160447,160516,160520,160552,160568,160573,160580,160587,160599,160601,160650,160652,160675,160681,160729,160734,160741,160749,160755,160758,160782,160785,160787,160863,160865,160890,160896,160899,160904,160908,160922,160924,160987,160989,161021,161024,161040,161042,161048,161055,161057,161076,161078,161096,161103,161108,161115,161117,161154,161157,161164,161168,161171,161229,161232,161235,161290,161292,161304,161310,161312,161316,161349,161356,161358,161421,161424,161426,161431,161445,161452,161460,161469,161478,161484,161490,161492,161532],[10,159749,13,159751,3860],{"id":159750},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159752,2584],{},[20,159754,32592,159755,159757],{},[15,159756,2584],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159759,63047,159760,104826],{},[15,159761,2584],{},[29,159763,159764,159767,159770,159773],{},[32,159765,159766],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[32,159768,159769],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[32,159771,159772],{},"debug confusing code",[32,159774,159775,159776],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[214,159777,159778],{"href":8503},[15,159779,3239],{},[20,159781,159782],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[52,159784,159786],{"className":54,"code":159785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(object)\n",[15,159787,159788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159789,159790,159792,159794,159796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159791,2072],{"class":2071},[61,159793,147],{"class":75},[61,159795,42677],{"class":2071},[61,159797,153],{"class":75},[20,159799,159800,159801,159803],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159802,2584],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[47,159805,3890],{"id":3889},[52,159807,159809],{"className":54,"code":159808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159810,159811,159823,159837,159841,159849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159812,159813,159815,159817,159819,159821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159814,8159],{"class":67},[61,159816,72],{"class":71},[61,159818,515],{"class":503},[61,159820,5283],{"class":507},[61,159822,3639],{"class":503},[61,159824,159825,159827,159829,159831,159833,159835],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159826,160],{"class":159},[61,159828,147],{"class":75},[61,159830,2072],{"class":2071},[61,159832,147],{"class":75},[61,159834,7949],{"class":143},[61,159836,1761],{"class":75},[61,159838,159839],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,159840,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,159842,159843,159845,159847],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,159844,2501],{"class":67},[61,159846,72],{"class":71},[61,159848,2867],{"class":79},[61,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,159852,160],{"class":159},[61,159854,147],{"class":75},[61,159856,2072],{"class":2071},[61,159858,147],{"class":75},[61,159860,2523],{"class":143},[61,159862,1761],{"class":75},[20,159864,1598],{},[52,159866,159867],{"className":54,"code":125174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159868,159869,159883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159870,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159872,3571],{"class":71},[61,159874,3574],{"class":2350},[61,159876,639],{"class":503},[61,159878,3724],{"class":507},[61,159880,630],{"class":503},[61,159882,3583],{"class":71},[61,159884,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159886,3571],{"class":71},[61,159888,3574],{"class":2350},[61,159890,639],{"class":503},[61,159892,2473],{"class":507},[61,159894,630],{"class":503},[61,159896,3583],{"class":71},[20,159898,1503,159899,159902,159903,700,159906,140],{},[15,159900,159901],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159904,159905],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159907,159908],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[47,159910,13277,159912,159914],{"id":159911},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159913,2584],{}," function does",[20,159916,159917,159919],{},[15,159918,2584],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159921,159922],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[29,159924,159925,159930,159935,159940,159945,159950],{},[32,159926,159927,159929],{},[15,159928,3724],{}," for text",[32,159931,159932,159934],{},[15,159933,2473],{}," for whole numbers",[32,159936,159937,159939],{},[15,159938,2476],{}," for decimal numbers",[32,159941,159942,159944],{},[15,159943,8377],{}," for lists",[32,159946,159947,159949],{},[15,159948,9104],{}," for dictionaries",[32,159951,159952,69372,159954,700,159956],{},[15,159953,4149],{},[15,159955,3885],{},[15,159957,3954],{},[20,159959,159960,159961,159963],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159962,2584],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[47,159965,221],{"id":220},[20,159967,159968],{},"The main beginner form is:",[52,159970,159971],{"className":54,"code":159785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159972,159973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159976,2072],{"class":2071},[61,159978,147],{"class":75},[61,159980,42677],{"class":2071},[61,159982,153],{"class":75},[20,159984,159985],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159987,368],{},[52,159989,159991],{"className":54,"code":159990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159992,159993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159994,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005,160007,160009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159996,160],{"class":159},[61,159998,147],{"class":75},[61,160000,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160002,147],{"class":75},[61,160004,504],{"class":503},[61,160006,4126],{"class":507},[61,160008,504],{"class":503},[61,160010,1761],{"class":75},[20,160012,1598],{},[52,160014,160015],{"className":54,"code":46050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160016,160017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160018,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160020,3571],{"class":71},[61,160022,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160024,639],{"class":503},[61,160026,3724],{"class":507},[61,160028,630],{"class":503},[61,160030,3583],{"class":71},[20,160032,160033],{},"You can pass either:",[29,160035,160036,160043],{},[32,160037,160038,160039,3159,160041],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160040,64814],{},[15,160042,46806],{},[32,160044,160045,160046,3159,160048],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160047,7949],{},[15,160049,9581],{},[47,160051,121986],{"id":121985},[20,160053,160054],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[52,160056,160058],{"className":54,"code":160057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160059,160060,160078,160092,160106,160128,160154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160061,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160063,160],{"class":159},[61,160065,147],{"class":75},[61,160067,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160069,147],{"class":75},[61,160071,504],{"class":503},[61,160073,4126],{"class":507},[61,160075,504],{"class":503},[61,160077,1761],{"class":75},[61,160079,160080,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160081,160],{"class":159},[61,160083,147],{"class":75},[61,160085,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160087,147],{"class":75},[61,160089,2613],{"class":79},[61,160091,1761],{"class":75},[61,160093,160094,160096,160098,160100,160102,160104],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160095,160],{"class":159},[61,160097,147],{"class":75},[61,160099,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160101,147],{"class":75},[61,160103,40421],{"class":79},[61,160105,1761],{"class":75},[61,160107,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160109,160],{"class":159},[61,160111,147],{"class":75},[61,160113,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160115,1878],{"class":75},[61,160117,80],{"class":79},[61,160119,83],{"class":75},[61,160121,86],{"class":79},[61,160123,83],{"class":75},[61,160125,91],{"class":79},[61,160127,3279],{"class":75},[61,160129,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,160131,160],{"class":159},[61,160133,147],{"class":75},[61,160135,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160137,5809],{"class":75},[61,160139,504],{"class":503},[61,160141,7949],{"class":507},[61,160143,504],{"class":503},[61,160145,192],{"class":75},[61,160147,515],{"class":503},[61,160149,5283],{"class":507},[61,160151,504],{"class":503},[61,160153,5818],{"class":75},[61,160155,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,160157,160],{"class":159},[61,160159,147],{"class":75},[61,160161,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160163,147],{"class":75},[61,160165,3885],{"class":4133},[61,160167,1761],{"class":75},[20,160169,1598],{},[52,160171,160173],{"className":54,"code":160172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160174,160175,160189,160203,160217,160231,160245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160176,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160178,3571],{"class":71},[61,160180,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160182,639],{"class":503},[61,160184,3724],{"class":507},[61,160186,630],{"class":503},[61,160188,3583],{"class":71},[61,160190,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160192,3571],{"class":71},[61,160194,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160196,639],{"class":503},[61,160198,2473],{"class":507},[61,160200,630],{"class":503},[61,160202,3583],{"class":71},[61,160204,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213,160215],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160206,3571],{"class":71},[61,160208,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160210,639],{"class":503},[61,160212,2476],{"class":507},[61,160214,630],{"class":503},[61,160216,3583],{"class":71},[61,160218,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227,160229],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160220,3571],{"class":71},[61,160222,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160224,639],{"class":503},[61,160226,8377],{"class":507},[61,160228,630],{"class":503},[61,160230,3583],{"class":71},[61,160232,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,160234,3571],{"class":71},[61,160236,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160238,639],{"class":503},[61,160240,9104],{"class":507},[61,160242,630],{"class":503},[61,160244,3583],{"class":71},[61,160246,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,160248,3571],{"class":71},[61,160250,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160252,639],{"class":503},[61,160254,4149],{"class":507},[61,160256,630],{"class":503},[61,160258,3583],{"class":71},[20,160260,160261],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160263,160264,160265,140],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[214,160266,45077],{"href":49259},[47,160268,716,160270,160272],{"id":160269},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160271,2584],{}," with variables",[20,160274,160275],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160277,160278],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[52,160280,160282],{"className":54,"code":160281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160283,160284,160292,160310,160314,160326,160344,160348,160360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160285,160286,160288,160290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160287,2730],{"class":67},[61,160289,72],{"class":71},[61,160291,2867],{"class":79},[61,160293,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160295,160],{"class":159},[61,160297,147],{"class":75},[61,160299,2755],{"class":143},[61,160301,83],{"class":75},[61,160303,49671],{"class":2071},[61,160305,147],{"class":75},[61,160307,2755],{"class":143},[61,160309,1761],{"class":75},[61,160311,160312],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160313,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160315,160316,160318,160320,160322,160324],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160317,2730],{"class":67},[61,160319,72],{"class":71},[61,160321,515],{"class":503},[61,160323,46187],{"class":507},[61,160325,3639],{"class":503},[61,160327,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,160329,160],{"class":159},[61,160331,147],{"class":75},[61,160333,2755],{"class":143},[61,160335,83],{"class":75},[61,160337,49671],{"class":2071},[61,160339,147],{"class":75},[61,160341,2755],{"class":143},[61,160343,1761],{"class":75},[61,160345,160346],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,160347,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160349,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,160351,2730],{"class":67},[61,160353,72],{"class":71},[61,160355,926],{"class":75},[61,160357,2613],{"class":79},[61,160359,943],{"class":75},[61,160361,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376],{"class":63,"line":832},[61,160363,160],{"class":159},[61,160365,147],{"class":75},[61,160367,2755],{"class":143},[61,160369,83],{"class":75},[61,160371,49671],{"class":2071},[61,160373,147],{"class":75},[61,160375,2755],{"class":143},[61,160377,1761],{"class":75},[20,160379,1598],{},[52,160381,160383],{"className":54,"code":160382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160384,160385,160402,160419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160386,160387,160389,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160388,2613],{"class":79},[61,160390,160391],{"class":71}," \u003C",[61,160393,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160395,639],{"class":503},[61,160397,2473],{"class":507},[61,160399,630],{"class":503},[61,160401,3583],{"class":71},[61,160403,160404,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160405,160406],{"class":67},"ten ",[61,160408,3571],{"class":71},[61,160410,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160412,639],{"class":503},[61,160414,3724],{"class":507},[61,160416,630],{"class":503},[61,160418,3583],{"class":71},[61,160420,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160422,4182],{"class":75},[61,160424,2613],{"class":79},[61,160426,13554],{"class":75},[61,160428,160391],{"class":71},[61,160430,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160432,639],{"class":503},[61,160434,8377],{"class":507},[61,160436,630],{"class":503},[61,160438,3583],{"class":71},[20,160440,160441,160443],{},[15,160442,2584],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160445,160446],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[52,160448,160450],{"className":54,"code":160449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160451,160452,160470,160484,160488,160502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160455,3672],{"class":67},[61,160457,72],{"class":71},[61,160459,8526],{"class":159},[61,160461,147],{"class":75},[61,160463,504],{"class":503},[61,160465,42150],{"class":507},[61,160467,504],{"class":503},[61,160469,153],{"class":75},[61,160471,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160473,160],{"class":159},[61,160475,147],{"class":75},[61,160477,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160479,147],{"class":75},[61,160481,3698],{"class":143},[61,160483,1761],{"class":75},[61,160485,160486],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160487,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160489,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160491,123098],{"class":67},[61,160493,72],{"class":71},[61,160495,45556],{"class":2071},[61,160497,147],{"class":75},[61,160499,3698],{"class":143},[61,160501,153],{"class":75},[61,160503,160504,160506,160508,160510,160512,160514],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,160505,160],{"class":159},[61,160507,147],{"class":75},[61,160509,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160511,147],{"class":75},[61,160513,123121],{"class":143},[61,160515,1761],{"class":75},[20,160517,41399,160518,41403],{},[15,160519,9477],{},[52,160521,160522],{"className":54,"code":125174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160523,160524,160538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160525,160526,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160527,3571],{"class":71},[61,160529,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160531,639],{"class":503},[61,160533,3724],{"class":507},[61,160535,630],{"class":503},[61,160537,3583],{"class":71},[61,160539,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160541,3571],{"class":71},[61,160543,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160545,639],{"class":503},[61,160547,2473],{"class":507},[61,160549,630],{"class":503},[61,160551,3583],{"class":71},[20,160553,45983,160554,160558,160559,3159,160563,160567],{},[214,160555,160556],{"href":8503},[15,160557,3239],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[214,160560,160561],{"href":3155},[15,160562,3158],{},[214,160564,160565],{"href":3162},[15,160566,3165],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160569,160570,160571,140],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[214,160572,9264],{"href":9263},[47,160574,160576,1310,160578],{"id":160575},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160577,2584],{},[15,160579,45085],{},[20,160581,160582,700,160584,160586],{},[15,160583,2584],{},[15,160585,45085],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[29,160588,160589,160594],{},[32,160590,160591,160593],{},[15,160592,2584],{}," tells you the exact type",[32,160595,160596,160598],{},[15,160597,45085],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160600,368],{},[52,160602,160604],{"className":54,"code":160603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160605,160606,160614,160618,160632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160607,160608,160610,160612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160609,2730],{"class":67},[61,160611,72],{"class":71},[61,160613,35117],{"class":79},[61,160615,160616],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160617,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160621,160],{"class":159},[61,160623,147],{"class":75},[61,160625,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160627,147],{"class":75},[61,160629,2755],{"class":143},[61,160631,1761],{"class":75},[61,160633,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646,160648],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160635,160],{"class":159},[61,160637,147],{"class":75},[61,160639,49156],{"class":159},[61,160641,147],{"class":75},[61,160643,2755],{"class":143},[61,160645,83],{"class":75},[61,160647,45556],{"class":2071},[61,160649,1761],{"class":75},[20,160651,1598],{},[52,160653,160655],{"className":54,"code":160654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160656,160657,160671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160658,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160660,3571],{"class":71},[61,160662,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160664,639],{"class":503},[61,160666,2473],{"class":507},[61,160668,630],{"class":503},[61,160670,3583],{"class":71},[61,160672,160673],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160674,4262],{"class":4133},[20,160676,160677,160678,160680],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160679,45085],{}," is more practical.",[52,160682,160684],{"className":54,"code":160683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160685,160686,160694,160698,160714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160687,160688,160690,160692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160689,2730],{"class":67},[61,160691,72],{"class":71},[61,160693,35117],{"class":79},[61,160695,160696],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160697,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160699,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708,160710,160712],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160701,7277],{"class":4158},[61,160703,49894],{"class":159},[61,160705,147],{"class":75},[61,160707,2755],{"class":143},[61,160709,83],{"class":75},[61,160711,45556],{"class":2071},[61,160713,8626],{"class":75},[61,160715,160716,160718,160720,160722,160725,160727],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160717,8352],{"class":159},[61,160719,147],{"class":75},[61,160721,504],{"class":503},[61,160723,160724],{"class":507},"This is an integer",[61,160726,504],{"class":503},[61,160728,153],{"class":75},[20,160730,1503,160731,160733],{},[15,160732,2584],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160735,1503,160736,160738,160739,7452],{},[15,160737,45085],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160740,7277],{},[20,160742,160743,160744,140],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[214,160745,13,160747,3790],{"href":160746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160748,45085],{},[47,160750,160752,160753],{"id":160751},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160754,2584],{},[20,160756,160757],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[52,160759,160761],{"className":54,"code":160760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160762,160763],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160764,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773,160776,160778,160780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160766,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160768,147],{"class":75},[61,160770,7949],{"class":143},[61,160772,83],{"class":75},[61,160774,160775],{"class":143}," bases",[61,160777,83],{"class":75},[61,160779,9454],{"class":2071},[61,160781,153],{"class":75},[20,160783,160784],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160786,368],{},[52,160788,160790],{"className":54,"code":160789,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160791,160792,160835,160839,160849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160793,160794,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805,160808,160810,160812,160815,160817,160819,160822,160824,160826,160828,160831,160833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160795,160796],{"class":67},"Person ",[61,160798,72],{"class":71},[61,160800,49671],{"class":2071},[61,160802,147],{"class":75},[61,160804,504],{"class":503},[61,160806,160807],{"class":507},"Person",[61,160809,504],{"class":503},[61,160811,83],{"class":75},[61,160813,160814],{"class":75}," (),",[61,160816,76],{"class":75},[61,160818,504],{"class":503},[61,160820,160821],{"class":507},"species",[61,160823,504],{"class":503},[61,160825,192],{"class":75},[61,160827,515],{"class":503},[61,160829,160830],{"class":507},"human",[61,160832,504],{"class":503},[61,160834,30771],{"class":75},[61,160836,160837],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160838,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160840,160841,160843,160845,160847],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160842,160],{"class":159},[61,160844,147],{"class":75},[61,160846,160807],{"class":143},[61,160848,153],{"class":75},[61,160850,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160852,160],{"class":159},[61,160854,147],{"class":75},[61,160856,160807],{"class":143},[61,160858,140],{"class":75},[61,160860,160821],{"class":2103},[61,160862,153],{"class":75},[20,160864,1598],{},[52,160866,160868],{"className":54,"code":160867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160869,160870,160885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160881,160883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160873,3571],{"class":71},[61,160875,3574],{"class":2350},[61,160877,639],{"class":503},[61,160879,160880],{"class":507},"__main__.Person",[61,160882,630],{"class":503},[61,160884,3583],{"class":71},[61,160886,160887],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160888,160889],{"class":67},"human\n",[20,160891,160892,160893,160895],{},"Most beginners do ",[39,160894,4909],{}," need this form.",[20,160897,160898],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[47,160900,5240,160902],{"id":160901},"when-to-use-type",[15,160903,2584],{},[20,160905,160906,12725],{},[15,160907,2584],{},[29,160909,160910,160913,160916,160919],{},[32,160911,160912],{},"debug unexpected values",[32,160914,160915],{},"check what a conversion produced",[32,160917,160918],{},"learn Python data types",[32,160920,160921],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160923,5752],{},[52,160925,160927],{"className":54,"code":160926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160928,160929,160941,160955,160959,160973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160930,160931,160933,160935,160937,160939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160932,34962],{"class":67},[61,160934,72],{"class":71},[61,160936,515],{"class":503},[61,160938,50527],{"class":507},[61,160940,3639],{"class":503},[61,160942,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160944,2501],{"class":67},[61,160946,72],{"class":71},[61,160948,45556],{"class":2071},[61,160950,147],{"class":75},[61,160952,34983],{"class":143},[61,160954,153],{"class":75},[61,160956,160957],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,160958,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,160960,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,160962,160],{"class":159},[61,160964,147],{"class":75},[61,160966,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160968,147],{"class":75},[61,160970,34983],{"class":143},[61,160972,1761],{"class":75},[61,160974,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,160976,160],{"class":159},[61,160978,147],{"class":75},[61,160980,2072],{"class":2071},[61,160982,147],{"class":75},[61,160984,2523],{"class":143},[61,160986,1761],{"class":75},[20,160988,1598],{},[52,160990,160991],{"className":54,"code":125174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160992,160993,161007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160994,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160996,3571],{"class":71},[61,160998,3574],{"class":2350},[61,161000,639],{"class":503},[61,161002,3724],{"class":507},[61,161004,630],{"class":503},[61,161006,3583],{"class":71},[61,161008,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161010,3571],{"class":71},[61,161012,3574],{"class":2350},[61,161014,639],{"class":503},[61,161016,2473],{"class":507},[61,161018,630],{"class":503},[61,161020,3583],{"class":71},[20,161022,161023],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161025,161026,161027,1830,161031,1833,161035,161039],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[214,161028,161029],{"href":42453},[15,161030,47964],{},[214,161032,161033],{"href":3155},[15,161034,3158],{},[214,161036,161037],{"href":3162},[15,161038,3165],{}," are often the next step.",[47,161041,25633],{"id":25632},[20,161043,161044,161045,161047],{},"A few things about ",[15,161046,2584],{}," often confuse beginners.",[887,161049,161051,161054],{"id":161050},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161052,161053],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161056,64923],{},[52,161058,161060],{"className":54,"code":161059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161061,161062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161063,161064,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161065,160],{"class":159},[61,161067,147],{"class":75},[61,161069,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161071,147],{"class":75},[61,161073,1013],{"class":79},[61,161075,1761],{"class":75},[20,161077,123017],{},[52,161079,161080],{"className":54,"code":156529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,161081,161082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161083,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161085,3571],{"class":71},[61,161087,3574],{"class":2350},[61,161089,639],{"class":503},[61,161091,2473],{"class":507},[61,161093,630],{"class":503},[61,161095,3583],{"class":71},[20,161097,41184,161098,161100,161101,140],{},[39,161099,4909],{}," print just ",[15,161102,2473],{},[20,161104,6956,161105,161107],{},[15,161106,2584],{}," returns a class object.",[887,161109,161111,2680,161113],{"id":161110},"input-returns-str",[15,161112,3239],{},[15,161114,3724],{},[20,161116,79818],{},[52,161118,161120],{"className":54,"code":161119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161121,161122,161140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161123,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161125,2730],{"class":67},[61,161127,72],{"class":71},[61,161129,8526],{"class":159},[61,161131,147],{"class":75},[61,161133,504],{"class":503},[61,161135,46590],{"class":507},[61,161137,504],{"class":503},[61,161139,153],{"class":75},[61,161141,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161143,160],{"class":159},[61,161145,147],{"class":75},[61,161147,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161149,147],{"class":75},[61,161151,2755],{"class":143},[61,161153,1761],{"class":75},[20,161155,161156],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161158,161159,161160,3159,161162,140],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161161,3158],{},[15,161163,3165],{},[887,161165,161167],{"id":161166},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161169,161170],{},"Avoid code like this:",[52,161172,161174],{"className":54,"code":161173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161175,161176,161184,161188,161214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161177,161178,161180,161182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161179,2730],{"class":67},[61,161181,72],{"class":71},[61,161183,35117],{"class":79},[61,161185,161186],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161187,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,161189,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161191,7277],{"class":4158},[61,161193,49185],{"class":2071},[61,161195,147],{"class":75},[61,161197,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161199,147],{"class":75},[61,161201,2755],{"class":143},[61,161203,5641],{"class":75},[61,161205,6688],{"class":71},[61,161207,515],{"class":503},[61,161209,159908],{"class":507},[61,161211,504],{"class":503},[61,161213,6673],{"class":75},[61,161215,161216,161218,161220,161222,161225,161227],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,161217,8352],{"class":159},[61,161219,147],{"class":75},[61,161221,504],{"class":503},[61,161223,161224],{"class":507},"It is an int",[61,161226,504],{"class":503},[61,161228,153],{"class":75},[20,161230,161231],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161233,161234],{},"Better options:",[52,161236,161238],{"className":54,"code":161237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161239,161240,161248,161252,161272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161241,161242,161244,161246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161243,2730],{"class":67},[61,161245,72],{"class":71},[61,161247,35117],{"class":79},[61,161249,161250],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161251,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,161253,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161255,160],{"class":159},[61,161257,147],{"class":75},[61,161259,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161261,147],{"class":75},[61,161263,2755],{"class":143},[61,161265,442],{"class":75},[61,161267,6688],{"class":71},[61,161269,45556],{"class":2071},[61,161271,153],{"class":75},[61,161273,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,161275,160],{"class":159},[61,161277,147],{"class":75},[61,161279,49156],{"class":159},[61,161281,147],{"class":75},[61,161283,2755],{"class":143},[61,161285,83],{"class":75},[61,161287,45556],{"class":2071},[61,161289,1761],{"class":75},[20,161291,1598],{},[52,161293,161294],{"className":54,"code":4785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,161295,161296,161300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161297,161298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161299,4262],{"class":4133},[61,161301,161302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161303,4262],{"class":4133},[20,161305,161306,161307,161309],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161308,45085],{}," is the more useful check.",[47,161311,3111],{"id":3110},[20,161313,15014,161314,192],{},[15,161315,2584],{},[29,161317,161318,161328,161337,161346],{},[32,161319,716,161320,161322,161323,161327],{},[15,161321,2584],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[214,161324,161325],{"href":8503},[15,161326,3239],{}," always returns a string",[32,161329,1524,161330,161332,161333,11372,161335],{},[15,161331,2584],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161334,2473],{},[15,161336,159908],{},[32,161338,716,161339,44909,161342,161345],{},[15,161340,161341],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161343,161344],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[32,161347,161348],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161350,161351,161352,140],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[214,161353,161355],{"href":161354},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161357,144683],{},[52,161359,161361],{"className":54,"code":161360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161362,161363,161377,161387,161401,161411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161364,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161366,160],{"class":159},[61,161368,147],{"class":75},[61,161370,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161372,147],{"class":75},[61,161374,2755],{"class":143},[61,161376,1761],{"class":75},[61,161378,161379,161381,161383,161385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161380,160],{"class":159},[61,161382,147],{"class":75},[61,161384,2755],{"class":143},[61,161386,153],{"class":75},[61,161388,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161390,160],{"class":159},[61,161392,147],{"class":75},[61,161394,42058],{"class":159},[61,161396,147],{"class":75},[61,161398,2755],{"class":143},[61,161400,1761],{"class":75},[61,161402,161403,161405,161407,161409],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,161404,2093],{"class":159},[61,161406,147],{"class":75},[61,161408,2072],{"class":2071},[61,161410,153],{"class":75},[61,161412,161413,161415,161417,161419],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,161414,34647],{"class":159},[61,161416,147],{"class":75},[61,161418,2755],{"class":143},[61,161420,153],{"class":75},[20,161422,161423],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[47,161425,2109],{"id":2108},[887,161427,5422,161429,5425],{"id":161428},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161430,2584],{},[20,161432,161433,161434,1830,161436,1830,161438,2477,161440,161442,161443,140],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161435,3724],{},[15,161437,2473],{},[15,161439,8377],{},[15,161441,9104],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161444,159905],{},[887,161446,15184,161448,57488,161450,2159],{"id":161447},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161449,2584],{},[15,161451,45085],{},[20,161453,46645,161454,161456,161457,161459],{},[15,161455,2584],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161458,45085],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[887,161461,5438,161463,161466,161467,2159],{"id":161462},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161464,161465],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161468,3724],{},[20,161470,29337,161471,161473,161474,3159,161476,160567],{},[15,161472,3239],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161475,3158],{},[15,161477,3165],{},[887,161479,2123,161481,161483],{"id":161480},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161482,2584],{}," create classes?",[20,161485,161486,161487,140],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161488,161489],{},"type(object)",[47,161491,2172],{"id":2171},[29,161493,161494,161498,161504,161510,161514,161520,161526],{},[32,161495,161496],{},[214,161497,45077],{"href":49259},[32,161499,161500],{},[214,161501,13,161502,3790],{"href":160746},[15,161503,45085],{},[32,161505,161506],{},[214,161507,13,161508,3790],{"href":8503},[15,161509,3239],{},[32,161511,161512],{},[214,161513,9341],{"href":9263},[32,161515,161516],{},[214,161517,13,161518,3790],{"href":3155},[15,161519,3158],{},[32,161521,161522],{},[214,161523,13,161524,3790],{"href":3162},[15,161525,3165],{},[32,161527,161528],{},[214,161529,13,161530,3790],{"href":42453},[15,161531,47964],{},[2204,161533,161534],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":161536},[161537,161538,161540,161541,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161557,161558,161568],{"id":3889,"depth":97,"text":3890},{"id":159911,"depth":97,"text":161539},"What the type() function does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":121985,"depth":97,"text":121986},{"id":160269,"depth":97,"text":161543},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160575,"depth":97,"text":161545},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160751,"depth":97,"text":161547},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160901,"depth":97,"text":161549},"When to use type()",{"id":25632,"depth":97,"text":25633,"children":161551},[161552,161554,161556],{"id":161050,"depth":122,"text":161553},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161110,"depth":122,"text":161555},"input() returns str",{"id":161166,"depth":122,"text":161167},{"id":3110,"depth":97,"text":3111},{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":161559},[161560,161562,161564,161566],{"id":161428,"depth":122,"text":161561},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161447,"depth":122,"text":161563},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161462,"depth":122,"text":161565},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161480,"depth":122,"text":161567},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159745,"description":161569},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161575,"title":161576,"body":161577,"description":164056,"extension":2249,"meta":164057,"navigation":125,"path":164058,"seo":164059,"stem":164060,"__hash__":164061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161578,"toc":164013},[161579,161584,161589,161598,161600,161700,161702,161727,161732,161737,161753,161756,161758,161760,161785,161788,161791,161874,161876,161925,161928,162050,162052,162125,162129,162132,162246,162248,162274,162276,162297,162302,162306,162311,162314,162418,162420,162437,162446,162449,162536,162538,162549,162554,162560,162565,162571,162574,162667,162669,162718,162724,162727,162828,162830,162883,162888,162892,162895,162994,162996,163035,163038,163043,163045,163050,163054,163167,163171,163268,163272,163360,163362,163379,163383,163506,163512,163518,163524,163529,163532,163559,163563,163565,163659,163662,163666,163669,163756,163759,163794,163796,163833,163836,163844,163849,163854,163928,163935,163937,163942,163945,163951,163954,163960,163965,163971,163976,163980,163983,163985,164010],[10,161580,13,161582,3860],{"id":161581},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161583,64599],{},[20,161585,161586,161588],{},[15,161587,64599],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161590,161591,161592,161594,161595,161597],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161593,64599],{}," inside a ",[15,161596,6238],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[47,161599,50],{"id":49},[52,161601,161603],{"className":54,"code":161602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161604,161605,161637,161657,161661,161686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161606,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161608,5274],{"class":67},[61,161610,72],{"class":71},[61,161612,926],{"class":75},[61,161614,504],{"class":503},[61,161616,13161],{"class":507},[61,161618,504],{"class":503},[61,161620,83],{"class":75},[61,161622,515],{"class":503},[61,161624,36217],{"class":507},[61,161626,504],{"class":503},[61,161628,83],{"class":75},[61,161630,515],{"class":503},[61,161632,36226],{"class":507},[61,161634,504],{"class":503},[61,161636,943],{"class":75},[61,161638,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161640,5343],{"class":67},[61,161642,72],{"class":71},[61,161644,926],{"class":75},[61,161646,13783],{"class":79},[61,161648,83],{"class":75},[61,161650,13788],{"class":79},[61,161652,83],{"class":75},[61,161654,29196],{"class":79},[61,161656,943],{"class":75},[61,161658,161659],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161660,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,161662,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,161664,6238],{"class":4158},[61,161666,36268],{"class":67},[61,161668,83],{"class":75},[61,161670,5385],{"class":67},[61,161672,4165],{"class":4158},[61,161674,161675],{"class":159}," zip",[61,161677,147],{"class":75},[61,161679,5318],{"class":143},[61,161681,83],{"class":75},[61,161683,5390],{"class":143},[61,161685,8626],{"class":75},[61,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,161689,8352],{"class":159},[61,161691,147],{"class":75},[61,161693,7949],{"class":143},[61,161695,83],{"class":75},[61,161697,130963],{"class":143},[61,161699,153],{"class":75},[20,161701,1598],{},[52,161703,161705],{"className":54,"code":161704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161706,161707,161713,161720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161708,161709,161711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161710,133982],{"class":67},[61,161712,33411],{"class":79},[61,161714,161715,161718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161716,161717],{"class":67},"Ben ",[61,161719,33416],{"class":79},[61,161721,161722,161725],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161723,161724],{"class":67},"Cara ",[61,161726,33421],{"class":79},[20,161728,1503,161729,161731],{},[15,161730,64599],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[47,161733,184,161735,187],{"id":161734},"what-zip-does",[15,161736,64599],{},[29,161738,161739,161744,161747,161750],{},[32,161740,161741,161743],{},[15,161742,64599],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[32,161745,161746],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[32,161748,161749],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[32,161751,161752],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161754,161755],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[47,161757,221],{"id":220},[20,161759,7498],{},[52,161761,161763],{"className":54,"code":161762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161764,161765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161766,161767,161769,161771,161774,161776,161779,161781,161783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161768,64669],{"class":159},[61,161770,147],{"class":75},[61,161772,161773],{"class":143},"iterable1",[61,161775,83],{"class":75},[61,161777,161778],{"class":143}," iterable2",[61,161780,83],{"class":75},[61,161782,249],{"class":159},[61,161784,153],{"class":75},[20,161786,161787],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161789,161790],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[52,161792,161794],{"className":54,"code":161793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161795,161796,161816,161848,161852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161797,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161799,900],{"class":67},[61,161801,72],{"class":71},[61,161803,926],{"class":75},[61,161805,80],{"class":79},[61,161807,83],{"class":75},[61,161809,86],{"class":79},[61,161811,83],{"class":75},[61,161813,91],{"class":79},[61,161815,943],{"class":75},[61,161817,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161819,1028],{"class":67},[61,161821,72],{"class":71},[61,161823,926],{"class":75},[61,161825,504],{"class":503},[61,161827,214],{"class":507},[61,161829,504],{"class":503},[61,161831,83],{"class":75},[61,161833,515],{"class":503},[61,161835,329],{"class":507},[61,161837,504],{"class":503},[61,161839,83],{"class":75},[61,161841,515],{"class":503},[61,161843,1071],{"class":507},[61,161845,504],{"class":503},[61,161847,943],{"class":75},[61,161849,161850],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161851,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,161853,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,161855,160],{"class":159},[61,161857,147],{"class":75},[61,161859,8377],{"class":2071},[61,161861,147],{"class":75},[61,161863,64669],{"class":159},[61,161865,147],{"class":75},[61,161867,3929],{"class":143},[61,161869,83],{"class":75},[61,161871,1097],{"class":143},[61,161873,3193],{"class":75},[20,161875,1598],{},[52,161877,161879],{"className":54,"code":161878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161880,161881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161882,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161884,22019],{"class":75},[61,161886,80],{"class":79},[61,161888,83],{"class":75},[61,161890,639],{"class":503},[61,161892,214],{"class":507},[61,161894,630],{"class":503},[61,161896,9517],{"class":75},[61,161898,1058],{"class":75},[61,161900,301],{"class":79},[61,161902,83],{"class":75},[61,161904,639],{"class":503},[61,161906,329],{"class":507},[61,161908,630],{"class":503},[61,161910,9517],{"class":75},[61,161912,1058],{"class":75},[61,161914,107],{"class":79},[61,161916,83],{"class":75},[61,161918,639],{"class":503},[61,161920,1071],{"class":507},[61,161922,630],{"class":503},[61,161924,9532],{"class":75},[20,161926,161927],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[52,161929,161931],{"className":54,"code":161930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161932,161933,161965,161985,162019,162023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161934,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161936,5274],{"class":67},[61,161938,72],{"class":71},[61,161940,926],{"class":75},[61,161942,504],{"class":503},[61,161944,13161],{"class":507},[61,161946,504],{"class":503},[61,161948,83],{"class":75},[61,161950,515],{"class":503},[61,161952,36217],{"class":507},[61,161954,504],{"class":503},[61,161956,83],{"class":75},[61,161958,515],{"class":503},[61,161960,36226],{"class":507},[61,161962,504],{"class":503},[61,161964,943],{"class":75},[61,161966,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161968,5343],{"class":67},[61,161970,72],{"class":71},[61,161972,926],{"class":75},[61,161974,13783],{"class":79},[61,161976,83],{"class":75},[61,161978,13788],{"class":79},[61,161980,83],{"class":75},[61,161982,29196],{"class":79},[61,161984,943],{"class":75},[61,161986,161987,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162015,162017],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,161988,161989],{"class":67},"grades ",[61,161991,72],{"class":71},[61,161993,926],{"class":75},[61,161995,504],{"class":503},[61,161997,22521],{"class":507},[61,161999,504],{"class":503},[61,162001,83],{"class":75},[61,162003,515],{"class":503},[61,162005,30875],{"class":507},[61,162007,504],{"class":503},[61,162009,83],{"class":75},[61,162011,515],{"class":503},[61,162013,162014],{"class":507},"B+",[61,162016,504],{"class":503},[61,162018,943],{"class":75},[61,162020,162021],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162022,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162048],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162026,160],{"class":159},[61,162028,147],{"class":75},[61,162030,8377],{"class":2071},[61,162032,147],{"class":75},[61,162034,64669],{"class":159},[61,162036,147],{"class":75},[61,162038,5318],{"class":143},[61,162040,83],{"class":75},[61,162042,5390],{"class":143},[61,162044,83],{"class":75},[61,162046,162047],{"class":143}," grades",[61,162049,3193],{"class":75},[20,162051,1598],{},[52,162053,162055],{"className":54,"code":162054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162056,162057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162058,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162060,22019],{"class":75},[61,162062,630],{"class":503},[61,162064,13161],{"class":507},[61,162066,630],{"class":503},[61,162068,83],{"class":75},[61,162070,20177],{"class":79},[61,162072,83],{"class":75},[61,162074,639],{"class":503},[61,162076,22521],{"class":507},[61,162078,630],{"class":503},[61,162080,9517],{"class":75},[61,162082,1058],{"class":75},[61,162084,630],{"class":503},[61,162086,36217],{"class":507},[61,162088,630],{"class":503},[61,162090,83],{"class":75},[61,162092,13788],{"class":79},[61,162094,83],{"class":75},[61,162096,639],{"class":503},[61,162098,30875],{"class":507},[61,162100,630],{"class":503},[61,162102,9517],{"class":75},[61,162104,1058],{"class":75},[61,162106,630],{"class":503},[61,162108,36226],{"class":507},[61,162110,630],{"class":503},[61,162112,83],{"class":75},[61,162114,29196],{"class":79},[61,162116,83],{"class":75},[61,162118,639],{"class":503},[61,162120,162014],{"class":507},[61,162122,630],{"class":503},[61,162124,9532],{"class":75},[47,162126,162128],{"id":162127},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162130,162131],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[52,162133,162135],{"className":54,"code":162134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162136,162137,162169,162189,162193,162217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162138,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162140,5274],{"class":67},[61,162142,72],{"class":71},[61,162144,926],{"class":75},[61,162146,504],{"class":503},[61,162148,13161],{"class":507},[61,162150,504],{"class":503},[61,162152,83],{"class":75},[61,162154,515],{"class":503},[61,162156,36217],{"class":507},[61,162158,504],{"class":503},[61,162160,83],{"class":75},[61,162162,515],{"class":503},[61,162164,36226],{"class":507},[61,162166,504],{"class":503},[61,162168,943],{"class":75},[61,162170,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162172,5343],{"class":67},[61,162174,72],{"class":71},[61,162176,926],{"class":75},[61,162178,13783],{"class":79},[61,162180,83],{"class":75},[61,162182,13788],{"class":79},[61,162184,83],{"class":75},[61,162186,29196],{"class":79},[61,162188,943],{"class":75},[61,162190,162191],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162192,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162194,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162196,6238],{"class":4158},[61,162198,36268],{"class":67},[61,162200,83],{"class":75},[61,162202,5385],{"class":67},[61,162204,4165],{"class":4158},[61,162206,161675],{"class":159},[61,162208,147],{"class":75},[61,162210,5318],{"class":143},[61,162212,83],{"class":75},[61,162214,5390],{"class":143},[61,162216,8626],{"class":75},[61,162218,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162220,8352],{"class":159},[61,162222,147],{"class":75},[61,162224,22570],{"class":2350},[61,162226,504],{"class":507},[61,162228,627],{"class":79},[61,162230,7949],{"class":143},[61,162232,22579],{"class":79},[61,162234,162235],{"class":507}," scored ",[61,162237,627],{"class":79},[61,162239,85795],{"class":143},[61,162241,22579],{"class":79},[61,162243,504],{"class":507},[61,162245,153],{"class":75},[20,162247,1598],{},[52,162249,162251],{"className":54,"code":162250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162252,162253,162260,162267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162254,162255,162258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162256,162257],{"class":67},"Ana scored ",[61,162259,33411],{"class":79},[61,162261,162262,162265],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162263,162264],{"class":67},"Ben scored ",[61,162266,33416],{"class":79},[61,162268,162269,162272],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162270,162271],{"class":67},"Cara scored ",[61,162273,33421],{"class":79},[20,162275,45210],{},[29,162277,162278,162287,162290],{},[32,162279,162280,162283,162284],{},[15,162281,162282],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162285,162286],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[32,162288,162289],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[32,162291,162292,700,162294,162296],{},[15,162293,7949],{},[15,162295,85795],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162298,162299,162300,140],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[214,162301,69890],{"href":69889},[47,162303,162305],{"id":162304},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162307,162308,162310],{},[15,162309,64599],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162312,162313],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[52,162315,162317],{"className":54,"code":162316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162318,162319,162360,162376,162380,162404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162320,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162356,162358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162322,5274],{"class":67},[61,162324,72],{"class":71},[61,162326,926],{"class":75},[61,162328,504],{"class":503},[61,162330,13161],{"class":507},[61,162332,504],{"class":503},[61,162334,83],{"class":75},[61,162336,515],{"class":503},[61,162338,36217],{"class":507},[61,162340,504],{"class":503},[61,162342,83],{"class":75},[61,162344,515],{"class":503},[61,162346,36226],{"class":507},[61,162348,504],{"class":503},[61,162350,83],{"class":75},[61,162352,515],{"class":503},[61,162354,162355],{"class":507},"Dan",[61,162357,504],{"class":503},[61,162359,943],{"class":75},[61,162361,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162363,5343],{"class":67},[61,162365,72],{"class":71},[61,162367,926],{"class":75},[61,162369,13783],{"class":79},[61,162371,83],{"class":75},[61,162373,13788],{"class":79},[61,162375,943],{"class":75},[61,162377,162378],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162379,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162381,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162383,6238],{"class":4158},[61,162385,36268],{"class":67},[61,162387,83],{"class":75},[61,162389,5385],{"class":67},[61,162391,4165],{"class":4158},[61,162393,161675],{"class":159},[61,162395,147],{"class":75},[61,162397,5318],{"class":143},[61,162399,83],{"class":75},[61,162401,5390],{"class":143},[61,162403,8626],{"class":75},[61,162405,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162407,8352],{"class":159},[61,162409,147],{"class":75},[61,162411,7949],{"class":143},[61,162413,83],{"class":75},[61,162415,130963],{"class":143},[61,162417,153],{"class":75},[20,162419,1598],{},[52,162421,162423],{"className":54,"code":162422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162424,162425,162431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162426,162427,162429],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162428,133982],{"class":67},[61,162430,33411],{"class":79},[61,162432,162433,162435],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162434,161717],{"class":67},[61,162436,33416],{"class":79},[20,162438,462,162439,700,162442,162445],{},[15,162440,162441],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162443,162444],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162447,162448],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[52,162450,162452],{"className":54,"code":162451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162453,162454,162494,162510,162514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162455,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162457,5274],{"class":67},[61,162459,72],{"class":71},[61,162461,926],{"class":75},[61,162463,504],{"class":503},[61,162465,13161],{"class":507},[61,162467,504],{"class":503},[61,162469,83],{"class":75},[61,162471,515],{"class":503},[61,162473,36217],{"class":507},[61,162475,504],{"class":503},[61,162477,83],{"class":75},[61,162479,515],{"class":503},[61,162481,36226],{"class":507},[61,162483,504],{"class":503},[61,162485,83],{"class":75},[61,162487,515],{"class":503},[61,162489,162355],{"class":507},[61,162491,504],{"class":503},[61,162493,943],{"class":75},[61,162495,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162497,5343],{"class":67},[61,162499,72],{"class":71},[61,162501,926],{"class":75},[61,162503,13783],{"class":79},[61,162505,83],{"class":75},[61,162507,13788],{"class":79},[61,162509,943],{"class":75},[61,162511,162512],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162513,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162515,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162517,160],{"class":159},[61,162519,147],{"class":75},[61,162521,11442],{"class":159},[61,162523,147],{"class":75},[61,162525,5318],{"class":143},[61,162527,9517],{"class":75},[61,162529,38663],{"class":159},[61,162531,147],{"class":75},[61,162533,16668],{"class":143},[61,162535,1761],{"class":75},[20,162537,1598],{},[52,162539,162541],{"className":54,"code":162540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4 2\n",[15,162542,162543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162544,162545,162547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162546,788],{"class":79},[61,162548,45869],{"class":79},[20,162550,162551,162552,140],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162553,64599],{},[47,162555,92386,162557,162559],{"id":162556},"converting-zip-output",[15,162558,64599],{}," output",[20,162561,29337,162562,162564],{},[15,162563,64599],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[887,162566,1503,162568],{"id":162567},"use-listzip",[15,162569,162570],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162572,162573],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[52,162575,162577],{"className":54,"code":162576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162578,162579,162611,162631,162635,162657],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162580,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162582,5274],{"class":67},[61,162584,72],{"class":71},[61,162586,926],{"class":75},[61,162588,504],{"class":503},[61,162590,13161],{"class":507},[61,162592,504],{"class":503},[61,162594,83],{"class":75},[61,162596,515],{"class":503},[61,162598,36217],{"class":507},[61,162600,504],{"class":503},[61,162602,83],{"class":75},[61,162604,515],{"class":503},[61,162606,36226],{"class":507},[61,162608,504],{"class":503},[61,162610,943],{"class":75},[61,162612,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162614,5343],{"class":67},[61,162616,72],{"class":71},[61,162618,926],{"class":75},[61,162620,13783],{"class":79},[61,162622,83],{"class":75},[61,162624,13788],{"class":79},[61,162626,83],{"class":75},[61,162628,29196],{"class":79},[61,162630,943],{"class":75},[61,162632,162633],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162634,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162636,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162638,9499],{"class":67},[61,162640,72],{"class":71},[61,162642,22835],{"class":2071},[61,162644,147],{"class":75},[61,162646,64669],{"class":159},[61,162648,147],{"class":75},[61,162650,5318],{"class":143},[61,162652,83],{"class":75},[61,162654,5390],{"class":143},[61,162656,1761],{"class":75},[61,162658,162659,162661,162663,162665],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162660,160],{"class":159},[61,162662,147],{"class":75},[61,162664,9545],{"class":143},[61,162666,153],{"class":75},[20,162668,1598],{},[52,162670,162672],{"className":54,"code":162671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162673,162674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162675,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162677,22019],{"class":75},[61,162679,630],{"class":503},[61,162681,13161],{"class":507},[61,162683,630],{"class":503},[61,162685,83],{"class":75},[61,162687,20177],{"class":79},[61,162689,9517],{"class":75},[61,162691,1058],{"class":75},[61,162693,630],{"class":503},[61,162695,36217],{"class":507},[61,162697,630],{"class":503},[61,162699,83],{"class":75},[61,162701,13788],{"class":79},[61,162703,9517],{"class":75},[61,162705,1058],{"class":75},[61,162707,630],{"class":503},[61,162709,36226],{"class":507},[61,162711,630],{"class":503},[61,162713,83],{"class":75},[61,162715,29196],{"class":79},[61,162717,9532],{"class":75},[887,162719,1503,162721],{"id":162720},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162722,162723],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162725,162726],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[52,162728,162730],{"className":54,"code":162729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162731,162732,162764,162792,162796,162818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162733,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162735,17521],{"class":67},[61,162737,72],{"class":71},[61,162739,926],{"class":75},[61,162741,504],{"class":503},[61,162743,7949],{"class":507},[61,162745,504],{"class":503},[61,162747,83],{"class":75},[61,162749,515],{"class":503},[61,162751,9581],{"class":507},[61,162753,504],{"class":503},[61,162755,83],{"class":75},[61,162757,515],{"class":503},[61,162759,10690],{"class":507},[61,162761,504],{"class":503},[61,162763,943],{"class":75},[61,162765,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162767,4103],{"class":67},[61,162769,72],{"class":71},[61,162771,926],{"class":75},[61,162773,504],{"class":503},[61,162775,13161],{"class":507},[61,162777,504],{"class":503},[61,162779,83],{"class":75},[61,162781,9588],{"class":79},[61,162783,83],{"class":75},[61,162785,515],{"class":503},[61,162787,16310],{"class":507},[61,162789,504],{"class":503},[61,162791,943],{"class":75},[61,162793,162794],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162795,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162797,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162799,13485],{"class":67},[61,162801,72],{"class":71},[61,162803,9454],{"class":2071},[61,162805,147],{"class":75},[61,162807,64669],{"class":159},[61,162809,147],{"class":75},[61,162811,17203],{"class":143},[61,162813,83],{"class":75},[61,162815,4168],{"class":143},[61,162817,1761],{"class":75},[61,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162821,160],{"class":159},[61,162823,147],{"class":75},[61,162825,17586],{"class":143},[61,162827,153],{"class":75},[20,162829,1598],{},[52,162831,162833],{"className":54,"code":162832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162834,162835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162838,627],{"class":75},[61,162840,630],{"class":503},[61,162842,7949],{"class":507},[61,162844,630],{"class":503},[61,162846,192],{"class":75},[61,162848,639],{"class":503},[61,162850,13161],{"class":507},[61,162852,630],{"class":503},[61,162854,83],{"class":75},[61,162856,639],{"class":503},[61,162858,9581],{"class":507},[61,162860,630],{"class":503},[61,162862,192],{"class":75},[61,162864,9588],{"class":79},[61,162866,83],{"class":75},[61,162868,639],{"class":503},[61,162870,10690],{"class":507},[61,162872,630],{"class":503},[61,162874,192],{"class":75},[61,162876,639],{"class":503},[61,162878,16310],{"class":507},[61,162880,630],{"class":503},[61,162882,94],{"class":75},[20,162884,162885,162886,140],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[214,162887,31362],{"href":31361},[887,162889,162891],{"id":162890},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162893,162894],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[52,162896,162898],{"className":54,"code":162897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162899,162900,162924,162940,162944,162962,162966,162980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162901,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162903,5274],{"class":67},[61,162905,72],{"class":71},[61,162907,926],{"class":75},[61,162909,504],{"class":503},[61,162911,13161],{"class":507},[61,162913,504],{"class":503},[61,162915,83],{"class":75},[61,162917,515],{"class":503},[61,162919,36217],{"class":507},[61,162921,504],{"class":503},[61,162923,943],{"class":75},[61,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162927,5343],{"class":67},[61,162929,72],{"class":71},[61,162931,926],{"class":75},[61,162933,13783],{"class":79},[61,162935,83],{"class":75},[61,162937,13788],{"class":79},[61,162939,943],{"class":75},[61,162941,162942],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,162943,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162945,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,162947,9499],{"class":67},[61,162949,72],{"class":71},[61,162951,161675],{"class":159},[61,162953,147],{"class":75},[61,162955,5318],{"class":143},[61,162957,83],{"class":75},[61,162959,5390],{"class":143},[61,162961,153],{"class":75},[61,162963,162964],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,162965,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,162967,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,162969,160],{"class":159},[61,162971,147],{"class":75},[61,162973,8377],{"class":2071},[61,162975,147],{"class":75},[61,162977,9545],{"class":143},[61,162979,1761],{"class":75},[61,162981,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,162983,160],{"class":159},[61,162985,147],{"class":75},[61,162987,8377],{"class":2071},[61,162989,147],{"class":75},[61,162991,9545],{"class":143},[61,162993,1761],{"class":75},[20,162995,1598],{},[52,162997,162999],{"className":54,"code":162998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163000,163001,163031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163002,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163004,22019],{"class":75},[61,163006,630],{"class":503},[61,163008,13161],{"class":507},[61,163010,630],{"class":503},[61,163012,83],{"class":75},[61,163014,20177],{"class":79},[61,163016,9517],{"class":75},[61,163018,1058],{"class":75},[61,163020,630],{"class":503},[61,163022,36217],{"class":507},[61,163024,630],{"class":503},[61,163026,83],{"class":75},[61,163028,13788],{"class":79},[61,163030,9532],{"class":75},[61,163032,163033],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163034,38574],{"class":75},[20,163036,163037],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163039,163040,163041,140],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[214,163042,5416],{"href":5866},[47,163044,41324],{"id":41323},[20,163046,163047,163048,140],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163049,64599],{},[887,163051,163053],{"id":163052},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[52,163055,163057],{"className":54,"code":163056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163058,163059,163091,163111,163115,163139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163060,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163062,5274],{"class":67},[61,163064,72],{"class":71},[61,163066,926],{"class":75},[61,163068,504],{"class":503},[61,163070,13161],{"class":507},[61,163072,504],{"class":503},[61,163074,83],{"class":75},[61,163076,515],{"class":503},[61,163078,36217],{"class":507},[61,163080,504],{"class":503},[61,163082,83],{"class":75},[61,163084,515],{"class":503},[61,163086,36226],{"class":507},[61,163088,504],{"class":503},[61,163090,943],{"class":75},[61,163092,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163094,5343],{"class":67},[61,163096,72],{"class":71},[61,163098,926],{"class":75},[61,163100,13783],{"class":79},[61,163102,83],{"class":75},[61,163104,13788],{"class":79},[61,163106,83],{"class":75},[61,163108,29196],{"class":79},[61,163110,943],{"class":75},[61,163112,163113],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163114,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163116,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163118,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163120,36268],{"class":67},[61,163122,83],{"class":75},[61,163124,5385],{"class":67},[61,163126,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163128,161675],{"class":159},[61,163130,147],{"class":75},[61,163132,5318],{"class":143},[61,163134,83],{"class":75},[61,163136,5390],{"class":143},[61,163138,8626],{"class":75},[61,163140,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163142,8352],{"class":159},[61,163144,147],{"class":75},[61,163146,22570],{"class":2350},[61,163148,504],{"class":507},[61,163150,627],{"class":79},[61,163152,7949],{"class":143},[61,163154,22579],{"class":79},[61,163156,22582],{"class":507},[61,163158,627],{"class":79},[61,163160,85795],{"class":143},[61,163162,22579],{"class":79},[61,163164,504],{"class":507},[61,163166,153],{"class":75},[887,163168,163170],{"id":163169},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[52,163172,163174],{"className":54,"code":163173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163175,163176,163208,163232,163236,163258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163177,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163179,17521],{"class":67},[61,163181,72],{"class":71},[61,163183,926],{"class":75},[61,163185,504],{"class":503},[61,163187,12930],{"class":507},[61,163189,504],{"class":503},[61,163191,83],{"class":75},[61,163193,515],{"class":503},[61,163195,7949],{"class":507},[61,163197,504],{"class":503},[61,163199,83],{"class":75},[61,163201,515],{"class":503},[61,163203,16100],{"class":507},[61,163205,504],{"class":503},[61,163207,943],{"class":75},[61,163209,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163211,4103],{"class":67},[61,163213,72],{"class":71},[61,163215,926],{"class":75},[61,163217,46872],{"class":79},[61,163219,83],{"class":75},[61,163221,515],{"class":503},[61,163223,13161],{"class":507},[61,163225,504],{"class":503},[61,163227,83],{"class":75},[61,163229,4198],{"class":4133},[61,163231,943],{"class":75},[61,163233,163234],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163235,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163237,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163239,9449],{"class":67},[61,163241,72],{"class":71},[61,163243,9454],{"class":2071},[61,163245,147],{"class":75},[61,163247,64669],{"class":159},[61,163249,147],{"class":75},[61,163251,17203],{"class":143},[61,163253,83],{"class":75},[61,163255,4168],{"class":143},[61,163257,1761],{"class":75},[61,163259,163260,163262,163264,163266],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163261,160],{"class":159},[61,163263,147],{"class":75},[61,163265,9488],{"class":143},[61,163267,153],{"class":75},[887,163269,163271],{"id":163270},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[52,163273,163275],{"className":54,"code":163274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163276,163277,163297,163317,163321,163346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163278,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163280,80934],{"class":67},[61,163282,72],{"class":71},[61,163284,926],{"class":75},[61,163286,2613],{"class":79},[61,163288,83],{"class":75},[61,163290,8072],{"class":79},[61,163292,83],{"class":75},[61,163294,8077],{"class":79},[61,163296,943],{"class":75},[61,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163300,80955],{"class":67},[61,163302,72],{"class":71},[61,163304,926],{"class":75},[61,163306,2613],{"class":79},[61,163308,83],{"class":75},[61,163310,9588],{"class":79},[61,163312,83],{"class":75},[61,163314,8077],{"class":79},[61,163316,943],{"class":75},[61,163318,163319],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163320,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163322,163323,163325,163327,163329,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163324,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163326,320],{"class":67},[61,163328,83],{"class":75},[61,163330,163331],{"class":67}," b ",[61,163333,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163335,161675],{"class":159},[61,163337,147],{"class":75},[61,163339,111994],{"class":143},[61,163341,83],{"class":75},[61,163343,80998],{"class":143},[61,163345,8626],{"class":75},[61,163347,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163349,8352],{"class":159},[61,163351,147],{"class":75},[61,163353,37],{"class":143},[61,163355,4967],{"class":71},[61,163357,2840],{"class":143},[61,163359,153],{"class":75},[20,163361,1598],{},[52,163363,163365],{"className":54,"code":163364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163366,163367,163371,163375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163368,163369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163370,4262],{"class":4133},[61,163372,163373],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163374,4323],{"class":4133},[61,163376,163377],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163378,4262],{"class":4133},[887,163380,163382],{"id":163381},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[52,163384,163386],{"className":54,"code":163385,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163387,163388,163423,163446,163450,163477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163389,163390,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163410,163412,163414,163416,163419,163421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163391,163392],{"class":67},"products ",[61,163394,72],{"class":71},[61,163396,926],{"class":75},[61,163398,504],{"class":503},[61,163400,25416],{"class":507},[61,163402,504],{"class":503},[61,163404,83],{"class":75},[61,163406,515],{"class":503},[61,163408,163409],{"class":507},"Pen",[61,163411,504],{"class":503},[61,163413,83],{"class":75},[61,163415,515],{"class":503},[61,163417,163418],{"class":507},"Bag",[61,163420,504],{"class":503},[61,163422,943],{"class":75},[61,163424,163425,163427,163429,163431,163434,163436,163439,163441,163444],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163426,83323],{"class":67},[61,163428,72],{"class":71},[61,163430,926],{"class":75},[61,163432,163433],{"class":79},"12.5",[61,163435,83],{"class":75},[61,163437,163438],{"class":79}," 1.2",[61,163440,83],{"class":75},[61,163442,163443],{"class":79}," 25.0",[61,163445,943],{"class":75},[61,163447,163448],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163449,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163451,163452,163454,163456,163458,163461,163463,163465,163467,163470,163472,163475],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163453,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163455,25477],{"class":67},[61,163457,83],{"class":75},[61,163459,163460],{"class":67}," price ",[61,163462,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163464,161675],{"class":159},[61,163466,147],{"class":75},[61,163468,163469],{"class":143},"products",[61,163471,83],{"class":75},[61,163473,163474],{"class":143}," prices",[61,163476,8626],{"class":75},[61,163478,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163480,8352],{"class":159},[61,163482,147],{"class":75},[61,163484,22570],{"class":2350},[61,163486,504],{"class":507},[61,163488,627],{"class":79},[61,163490,27285],{"class":143},[61,163492,22579],{"class":79},[61,163494,163495],{"class":507}," costs $",[61,163497,627],{"class":79},[61,163499,25425],{"class":143},[61,163501,22579],{"class":79},[61,163503,504],{"class":507},[61,163505,153],{"class":75},[20,163507,36878,163508,140],{},[214,163509,163511],{"href":163510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[47,163513,163515,163516],{"id":163514},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163517,64599],{},[887,163519,1524,163521,163523],{"id":163520},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163522,64599],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163525,163526,163528],{},[15,163527,64599],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163530,163531],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[52,163533,163535],{"className":54,"code":163534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163536,163537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163538,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163540,160],{"class":159},[61,163542,147],{"class":75},[61,163544,11442],{"class":159},[61,163546,147],{"class":75},[61,163548,111994],{"class":143},[61,163550,9517],{"class":75},[61,163552,38663],{"class":159},[61,163554,147],{"class":75},[61,163556,81221],{"class":143},[61,163558,1761],{"class":75},[887,163560,163562],{"id":163561},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163564,69113],{},[52,163566,163568],{"className":54,"code":163567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163569,163570,163606,163610,163623,163633,163637,163649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163571,163572,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163573,9499],{"class":67},[61,163575,72],{"class":71},[61,163577,161675],{"class":159},[61,163579,1878],{"class":75},[61,163581,80],{"class":79},[61,163583,83],{"class":75},[61,163585,86],{"class":79},[61,163587,18342],{"class":75},[61,163589,926],{"class":75},[61,163591,504],{"class":503},[61,163593,214],{"class":507},[61,163595,504],{"class":503},[61,163597,83],{"class":75},[61,163599,515],{"class":503},[61,163601,329],{"class":507},[61,163603,504],{"class":503},[61,163605,1887],{"class":75},[61,163607,163608],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163609,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163611,163612,163614,163616,163618,163621],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163613,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163615,6241],{"class":67},[61,163617,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163619,163620],{"class":67}," pairs",[61,163622,6673],{"class":75},[61,163624,163625,163627,163629,163631],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163626,8352],{"class":159},[61,163628,147],{"class":75},[61,163630,23586],{"class":143},[61,163632,153],{"class":75},[61,163634,163635],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163636,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163638,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647],{"class":63,"line":170},[61,163640,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163642,6241],{"class":67},[61,163644,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163646,163620],{"class":67},[61,163648,6673],{"class":75},[61,163650,163651,163653,163655,163657],{"class":63,"line":448},[61,163652,8352],{"class":159},[61,163654,147],{"class":75},[61,163656,23586],{"class":143},[61,163658,153],{"class":75},[20,163660,163661],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[887,163663,163665],{"id":163664},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163667,163668],{},"This is correct:",[52,163670,163672],{"className":54,"code":163671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163673,163674,163698,163714,163718,163742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163675,163676,163678,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163677,5274],{"class":67},[61,163679,72],{"class":71},[61,163681,926],{"class":75},[61,163683,504],{"class":503},[61,163685,13161],{"class":507},[61,163687,504],{"class":503},[61,163689,83],{"class":75},[61,163691,515],{"class":503},[61,163693,36217],{"class":507},[61,163695,504],{"class":503},[61,163697,943],{"class":75},[61,163699,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708,163710,163712],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163701,5343],{"class":67},[61,163703,72],{"class":71},[61,163705,926],{"class":75},[61,163707,13783],{"class":79},[61,163709,83],{"class":75},[61,163711,13788],{"class":79},[61,163713,943],{"class":75},[61,163715,163716],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163717,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163719,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163721,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163723,36268],{"class":67},[61,163725,83],{"class":75},[61,163727,5385],{"class":67},[61,163729,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163731,161675],{"class":159},[61,163733,147],{"class":75},[61,163735,5318],{"class":143},[61,163737,83],{"class":75},[61,163739,5390],{"class":143},[61,163741,8626],{"class":75},[61,163743,163744,163746,163748,163750,163752,163754],{"class":63,"line":156},[61,163745,8352],{"class":159},[61,163747,147],{"class":75},[61,163749,7949],{"class":143},[61,163751,83],{"class":75},[61,163753,130963],{"class":143},[61,163755,153],{"class":75},[20,163757,163758],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[52,163760,163762],{"className":54,"code":163761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163763,163764,163784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163765,163766,163768,163770,163772,163774,163776,163778,163780,163782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163767,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163769,6241],{"class":67},[61,163771,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163773,161675],{"class":159},[61,163775,147],{"class":75},[61,163777,5318],{"class":143},[61,163779,83],{"class":75},[61,163781,5390],{"class":143},[61,163783,8626],{"class":75},[61,163785,163786,163788,163790,163792],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163787,8352],{"class":159},[61,163789,147],{"class":75},[61,163791,23586],{"class":143},[61,163793,153],{"class":75},[20,163795,1598],{},[52,163797,163799],{"className":54,"code":163798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163800,163801,163817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163802,163803,163805,163807,163809,163811,163813,163815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163804,147],{"class":75},[61,163806,630],{"class":503},[61,163808,13161],{"class":507},[61,163810,630],{"class":503},[61,163812,83],{"class":75},[61,163814,20177],{"class":79},[61,163816,153],{"class":75},[61,163818,163819,163821,163823,163825,163827,163829,163831],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163820,147],{"class":75},[61,163822,630],{"class":503},[61,163824,36217],{"class":507},[61,163826,630],{"class":503},[61,163828,83],{"class":75},[61,163830,13788],{"class":79},[61,163832,153],{"class":75},[20,163834,163835],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[887,163837,716,163839,163841,163842],{"id":163838},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163840,64599],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163843,36025],{},[20,163845,1503,163846,163848],{},[15,163847,64599],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163850,1503,163851,163853],{},[15,163852,36025],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[52,163855,163856],{"className":54,"code":36194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,163857,163858,163890,163894,163914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163859,163860,163862,163864,163866,163868,163870,163872,163874,163876,163878,163880,163882,163884,163886,163888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163861,5274],{"class":67},[61,163863,72],{"class":71},[61,163865,926],{"class":75},[61,163867,504],{"class":503},[61,163869,13161],{"class":507},[61,163871,504],{"class":503},[61,163873,83],{"class":75},[61,163875,515],{"class":503},[61,163877,36217],{"class":507},[61,163879,504],{"class":503},[61,163881,83],{"class":75},[61,163883,515],{"class":503},[61,163885,36226],{"class":507},[61,163887,504],{"class":503},[61,163889,943],{"class":75},[61,163891,163892],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163893,126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":125},[61,163895,163896,163898,163900,163902,163904,163906,163908,163910,163912],{"class":63,"line":122},[61,163897,6238],{"class":4158},[61,163899,36097],{"class":67},[61,163901,83],{"class":75},[61,163903,36245],{"class":67},[61,163905,4165],{"class":4158},[61,163907,36107],{"class":159},[61,163909,147],{"class":75},[61,163911,5318],{"class":143},[61,163913,8626],{"class":75},[61,163915,163916,163918,163920,163922,163924,163926],{"class":63,"line":129},[61,163917,8352],{"class":159},[61,163919,147],{"class":75},[61,163921,36122],{"class":143},[61,163923,83],{"class":75},[61,163925,36268],{"class":143},[61,163927,153],{"class":75},[20,163929,163930,163931,140],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[214,163932,13,163933,3790],{"href":92298},[15,163934,36025],{},[47,163936,2109],{"id":2108},[887,163938,5422,163940,5425],{"id":163939},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163941,64599],{},[20,163943,163944],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[887,163946,2113,163948,163950],{"id":163947},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163949,64599],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163952,163953],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[887,163955,163957,163958,2159],{"id":163956},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163959,64599],{},[20,163961,163962,163963,140],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163964,162570],{},[887,163966,163968,163969,2159],{"id":163967},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163970,64599],{},[20,163972,128328,163973,163975],{},[15,163974,162723],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[887,163977,163979],{"id":163978},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163981,163982],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[47,163984,2172],{"id":2171},[29,163986,163987,163992,163998,164002,164006],{},[32,163988,163989],{},[214,163990,163991],{"href":163510},"How to use zip in Python",[32,163993,163994],{},[214,163995,13,163996,3790],{"href":92298},[15,163997,36025],{},[32,163999,164000],{},[214,164001,5495],{"href":5866},[32,164003,164004],{},[214,164005,69966],{"href":69889},[32,164007,164008],{},[214,164009,32535],{"href":31361},[2204,164011,164012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":164014},[164015,164016,164018,164019,164020,164021,164029,164035,164044,164055],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":161734,"depth":97,"text":164017},"What zip() does",{"id":220,"depth":97,"text":221},{"id":162127,"depth":97,"text":162128},{"id":162304,"depth":97,"text":162305},{"id":162556,"depth":97,"text":164022,"children":164023},"Converting zip() output",[164024,164026,164028],{"id":162567,"depth":122,"text":164025},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162720,"depth":122,"text":164027},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162890,"depth":122,"text":162891},{"id":41323,"depth":97,"text":41324,"children":164030},[164031,164032,164033,164034],{"id":163052,"depth":122,"text":163053},{"id":163169,"depth":122,"text":163170},{"id":163270,"depth":122,"text":163271},{"id":163381,"depth":122,"text":163382},{"id":163514,"depth":97,"text":164036,"children":164037},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164038,164040,164041,164042],{"id":163520,"depth":122,"text":164039},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163561,"depth":122,"text":163562},{"id":163664,"depth":122,"text":163665},{"id":163838,"depth":122,"text":164043},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2108,"depth":97,"text":2109,"children":164045},[164046,164048,164050,164052,164054],{"id":163939,"depth":122,"text":164047},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163947,"depth":122,"text":164049},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163956,"depth":122,"text":164051},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163967,"depth":122,"text":164053},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163978,"depth":122,"text":163979},{"id":2171,"depth":97,"text":2172},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161576,"description":164056},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944977048]